Hybrid warriors: proxies, freelancers and Moscow's struggle for Ukraine
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Hurst & Company
2022
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Beschreibung: | xvii, 306 Seiten |
ISBN: | 178738795x 9781787387959 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | CONTENTS Acknowledgements Foreword ix xi PART ONE HOW A BUNCH OF GUYS STARTED A WAR ... 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The Enthusiasts The Little Green Men The Hybrid Warriors Friends of the Kremlin The Trigger-Man of the Russian Spring The Betrayal 3 23 51 79 103 129 PART TWO ... AND HOW THE KREMLIN LOST IT 7. 8. 9. 10. The The The The Northern Wind Negotiators Curators Invasion 165 189 207 227 Notes Index 255 291 vii
INDEX Note: Page numbers followed by “; refer to notes anti-Maidan protesters, 140, 178 Abkhazia/Abkhazians, 30, 37, antisemitism, 230 154, 183, 237, 238 About Yesterday (Shoigu), 46 Anti-Terrorist Operation, 126 Afghanistan, 65, 110, 239 anti-Yanukovych protests, 177 veterans, 92 Airborne Brigade, 159 Arab Spring (2011), 39-40, 85 armed forces (Ukraine), 170-1, 182 Ajaría, 237 AK-47s, 80 armored personnel carrier (APC), Akhmetov, Rinat, 121 9 Association Agreement, 17, 43 Aksyonov, Sergei, 55, 58-9, 67, Autonomous Republic of Crimea, 105, 106-7, 26ІИІ2 Albright, Madeleine, 42 33 Avidzba, Akhra, 183-4 Alexander II (Russian Emperor), 64 Anapa airfield, 47 anti-Nazi, 115 Balkans, 98 Baltics, 238 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, 234 anti-Kremlin demonstrations Batman. See Mozgovoi, Alexei battalion tactical groups (BTGs), 167, 168, 169 (2012), 80, 153 Belarus, 32 anti-Maidan congress, 19 291
INDEX Belaventsev, Oleg, 56, 58 Chechen, 30 Belkovsky, Stanislav, 134 Chechnya, 33, 65, 110, 145 Belovezha Accords, 29, 32, 86 Chesnakov, Alexei, 204 Berdyaev, Nikolai, 244 Christ the Savior Cathedral, 90, Berkut special police, 52, 72, 146 Biden, Joe, 233, 238-9, 242 Putin and, 240-1 99 Christmas parties, 62 Chubarov, Refat, 56 Black Sea Fleet agreement, 47 Church of St Tatiana, 87 Black Sea Fleet, 24, 26, 36, 47, 96 Circassians, 54 Black Sea, 70 CIS Institute, 96, 97 Bolotnaya protests, 43, 153 “civil war”, 157 Bolotnaya Square, 41 civilian organizers, 48-9 Bolotov, Valery, 122, 161 Clinton, Bill, 233 Bolotskikh, Mikhail, 73 Clinton, Hillary, 42 Borodai, Alexander, 83, 84, 106, Committee for CIS Affairs and 112-13, 126, 134 appointed as prime minister, 131 and Surkov, 158 Boyevoye Bratstvo (“Combat Brotherhood”), 81 Brussels, 222 Budapest Memorandum (1994), 33 Relations, 95 “committee of Donetsk voters”, 119 communism, 228, 229 Congress of Peoples Deputies, 30-1, 86, 87 Congress of Russian Communities (KRO), 95 corona-virus lockdowns, 231 Buiny, 109, 110, 111 Cossack community, 65 BuK surface-to-air missile, 126, Cossacks, 26, 64-5, 110 160-1 Burkhalter, Didier, 140-1 Bush, George W., 234, 237 Crimea Platform, 222 Crimea, 6, 24, 27-8, 65, 111, 187 annexation of, 198 autonomy, 197 capitulation, 204-5, 219, 221 Catherine the Great, 31 Kremlins political transition in, 137 Central Asia, 96 problematic premises, 195-6 central Odessa, 75 Russian troops and volunteers chauvinism, 34 292 in, 67, 232
INDEX Ukraine’s place, 239-40 Girkin travelled to, 111-12 war in, 247 Moscow troops, 175 Zelensky, 220-1 Moscow peace plan, 204 Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, 31 Crimean Communist Party, 49, 59 Crimean constitution (1992), 58 Crimean Peninsula, 47, 108-9, 134-5 “Crimean project”, 86 Crimean referendum (2014), 37 Crimean separatism, 35 Russia’s shadow invasion of, 81 Russian military in, 167-8 Surkov, 219 war in, 196 Donets Basin, 18, 213 Donetsk Airport, 170, 182, 191 battle for, 184, 185-6, 210 separatists, 183 Donetsk People’s Republic Crimean Supreme Soviet, 32 (DPR), 9, 115-16,221,242, Crimean Tatars, 33, 47, 53, 55-6 250 Crimean unification, 59 as a sovereign state, 118 Crimeans, 67 change in leadership, 156 People’s Militia of inaugura Davidchenko, Anton, 70 Debaltseve, 167, 172, 183, 190, 193 transport hub, 186 Debaltseve, battle of, 193 decentralization, 123 Defense Ministry (Russia), 56 167, 168, 169, 251 tion, 175 recognized by Russia, 214 Surkov support for indepen dence, 220 Donetsk, 5-6, 72, 76, 119-20, 122 buildings, 217 conducted elections, 198 Dima (former Ukrainian rebel framework bill, 204 fighter), 4, 6, 125, 252-4 Minsk Protocol, 182 Dipservice Hall, 194 Russian forces, 251 Donbas, 6, 201, 219-21, 239-40, seizure of government buildings 245,251-3 anti-terrorist operation in, 11 separatists, 172 Avidzba, 183-4 troops, 232 businesses, 214-17 Ukraine’s control, 170 Cossacks to join self-defense Vostok seized rebel headquar ters in, 145 militias in, 65 in, 139 293
INDEX Zakharchenko, 201 planning to absorb Ukraine, 84 See also Luhansk Serbia’s protests, 236 DPR. See Donetsk Peoples Yanukovych Association Agree Republic (DPR) Druzhkivka, 5 ment with, 17 Everyday Saints (Tikhon), 87 Dugin, Alexander, 85 Dutch Joint Investigative Team, 130 “fascist” junta, 26 “fascists”, 116 fatalism, 69 eastern Moscow, 65 FBI (Federal Bureau of Eastern Ukraine, 18, 19-20, 53, 67 Investigation), 143 Federal Security Service (FSB), 4, pro-Russian uprisings in, 85 Eastern Ukrainian cities, 5 134, 142-3, 188 poor intelligence, 250-1 Eastern Ukrainians, 19, 67 federalization, 123 Egypt, 39 Federation Council, 70, 136, 156, Ekho Moskvy (radio), 248 169 Emergencies Ministry, 46 Five-Year Plan, 18 ethno-nationalism, 34 Flight MH-17, 126-7, 130, EU. See European Union (EU) 273n27 Eurasian Economic Union, 17 Euromaidan, 19 Flotskaya Street, 98 “foreign agents”, 80 Europe, 230 Foreign Ministry, 124 anti-Kremlin political agendas, 222 Foundation for Aid, 79-80 France, 44 coal exported to, 213 freelance enthusiasts, 145 diplomats in, 239 Frye, Timothy, 14 United States ignorance, 237 FSB. See Federal Security Service European republics, 96 European Union (EU), 43, 139, (FSB) Fyodorov, Yevgeny, 202 172, 195, 196, 221 Clinton on Russian member ship, 234 Gaddafi, Muammar, 39-40 members, 236 Galeotti, Mark, 13 GazAlliance, 214 Minsk Protocol, 182 Gazprombank, 89, 91 294
INDEX Geneva Agreement, 141 Gorbunova, Nina, 73 Geneva, 139 Grach, Leonid, 49 “geopolitical fantasies”, 97 “great game” politicking, 155 Georgia, 36-7, 154 Greece/Greeks, 54, 81 Abkhazian separatist, 183-4 Grozny, 30 NATO membership, 237-8 GRU (military intelligence), 106, Russian troops invasion of, 232 Georgian war (2008), 39 Gerasimov, Valery, 48 143, 188 Gubarev, Pavel, 70-1, 109, 118, 141, 158 Germany, 44 Gumilyov, Lev, 132, 244 Gifts of the Magi, 81 Gvardeiskoye airfield, 47 Girkin, Igor Vsevolodovich, 1035, 133-4, 135, 191,201,252 Hamburg, 227, 230 Borodais relationship with, 132 handguns, 24 and his forces, 170 Harley Davidson Lehman Trike, Donbas journey, 124-7 Malaysia Airlines attack, 160-1 Minsk Agreement, views on, 209-11 on Russia, 202 61, 63 Hollande, François, 192 battle of Debaltseve, 193 The Hague, 104 Hussein, Saddam, 235 Aksyonov phone conversation with, 148-50 Simferopol, amassed battalion in, 106-7 Slovyansk seizing attempts, 122-3 “Spetsnaz battalion”, 109-10 statement on Slovyansk, 159-60 Zakharchenko, clash with, 179 Givi. See Tolstykh, Mikhail (Givi) Ilovaisk, 167, 171 Ily, 165 Ilyushin-76 aircraft, 47 Informational and Analytical Directorate, 98 Institute for Commonwealth of Independent States, 93 Interior Ministry (Ukraine), 123 Iran, 234 glasnost, 229 Iraq, 235 Istanbul, 222 Glazyev, Sergei, 74, 93-5, 152, Ivan, 51-2 154, 156-7, 263n38 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 31, 133, 229 Ivanov, Sergei, 28, 36, 90-1, 153-4, 237 295
INDEX Ivanovich, Vladimir, 143 Kozak, Dmitry, 215-16, 219-20 Kramatorsk, 79, 115, 160 Joint Investigation Team, 148 “Kremlin emissary”, 106 Kremlin officialdom, 97 Kalashnikov, 4, 24, 109, 116 Kremlin policy, 95 Kalyvas, Stathis, 20 Kremlin, 11-12, 58-9, 84, 101, Karaganov, Sergei, 254 107-8, 260n2 Kashin, Oleg, 106, 111, 121 assistance to Surkov, 27 Kelin, Andrei, 186 capitulation, 201-5 KGB coup, 32 forced Yanukovych to abandon Kharitonov, Alexander, 72-3, 122 Kharkiv, 5-6, 19, 84, 122 under bombardment, 247 government buildings, seizure of, 139 Association Agreement, 17 NATO presence, 236 Novorossiya project, abandon ment of, 135 Orange Revolution, effects on, Khirurg, 62-3 152 problematic premises, 195-6 Khodakovsky, Alexander, 146, Russia’s invasion, intelligence Khazars, 54 147, 275n44 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 95 Kholmogorov, Yegor, 85, 252 Khrushchev, Nikita, 31 sources, 238-41 Russia’s military operation, 247-52 separatists, 187-8 Kirill, Patriarch, 90 Surkov’s resignation, 219-20 Klinchayev, Arsen, 72-3, 122, tried to gain control over 129-30 Klintsevich, Franz, 65-6 Kofman, Michael, 72, 233 Ukraine, 9-10 Ukrainian decentralization, 197-8 Kolesnikov, Andrei, 194 Zakharchenko, 177-81 Komsomol activists, 95 See also Russia; Ukraine Kononov, Vladimir, 161 Konstantinov, Vladimir, 49, 55-6, 59 KRO. See Congress of Russian Communities (KRO) Krylov, Konstantin, 34-5 Kortunov, Andrei, 250 Kosovo, 35, 235-6 Kuchma, Leonid, 33, 195 Kovalchuk, Yuri, 244 Kulygina, Olga, 133-4 296 Kulikovo Polye, 70, 75
INDEX Kurchenko, Sergei, 214 Kuznetsov, Anatoly, 68-9, 74 “little green men”, 10-11, 66, Kyiv government, 121 Litvinov, Boris, 123 “Kyiv junta”, 109-10, 118-19 Loiko, Sergei, 184 Kyiv, 9, 19, 67, 71, 76 London court, 89 “Anti-Terrorist Operation”, 14-15 105, 113, 135 London, 222 Lugansk People’s Republics, 182, bombarding, 247 212-13, 214, 242, 250 Crimea Platform, 222 Biden’s recognition of, 242 decentralization, 196-200 Russian government trade with, Minsk, 239 Moscow, beliefs in, 218 protests, 177 pro-Western mobs’ seizure of buildings, 139-40 Russia-backed separatists, 209-10 215-16 Surkov, 220 Luhansk, 5-6, 72-3, 76, 122, 124, 166 buildings, 217 conduct elections, 198 framework bill, 204 Russian attack, 247-52 Minsk Protocol, 182 See also Ukraine Russian forces, 251 Russian government, 216 Language laws, 74 Lebed, Alexander, 134 Lenin Square, 71 seizure of government buildings in, 139 separatists’ strategy, 170-2 Lenin, Vladimir, 246 Lukyanov, Fyodor, 196 Lessons ofByzantium: Death of an Luzhkov, Yuri, 34, 35, 96 Empire (Tikhon), 87 Libya, 39, 40 Lviv, 140 Limonov, Eduard, 34 Lyashenko, Alexander, 146-7 line of contact, 174-5, 177, 180 Lysenko, Andrei, 166 Luzhniki Stadium, 41 meeting, 224 Minsk Protocol and, 182 Maidan movement, 52 Moscow’s efforts, 185 Maidan Revolution, 17, 140 Poroshenko, 192 rebels, 186 Maidan Square, 17 Zakharchenko, 191, 201 Main Administration of Irregular Forces, 64 297
INDEX Makeyevka, 146 Minsk I, 182, 185, 210 Maksimov, Ilya, 166-7, 168 Minsk II, 179, 182 Maksimova, Lyubov, 165, 166 Minsk Package of Measures, 172, Malaysia Airlines, 161 Malofeyev, Konstantin, 81-2, 83-6, 87, 88-9, 100 links between Ivanov and, 91 189, 196, 198, 204, 221 Minsk Protocol. See Minsk Agreement Minsk, 200-1 Malyutka anti-tank missiles, 7 law, 198 “managed democracy”, 99 summiton, 192 Mariupol, 14, 170, 185-6, 249, 251 Markin, Vyacheslav, 75-6 Zakharchenko, 200-1 Mogilev, Anatoly, 82 Moldova, 132-3, 134, 154 Marshall Capital Partners, 89 Moldovan forces, 133 Matveeva, Anna, 20 Moldovan money laundering McFaul, Michael, 46 Medvedev, Dmitry, 38-9, 91, 152-3, 236 disagreement between Putin and, 41 Merkel, Angela ceasefire, talks on, 190-5 Meshkov, Yuri, 32-3 scheme, 215 Molotov cocktails, 68, 75 Mongol, 146-7 Mongolia, 124 Mordashev, Alexei, 216 Moscow State University, 87 Moscow, 3, 18, 58-9, 76, 141, 259n27 Milosevic, Slobodan, 160 assassinations, 208-11 Ministry of Defense, 66 capitulation, 201-5 Minsk Agreement I. See Minsk I ceasefire, 186-7 Minsk Agreement, 172-3, ceasefire, collapse of, 191-2 179-80, 182, 197 Clinton, 233-4 agenda, 213 coal producers, 213-17 Girkins view, 209-10 decentralization, 199-200 implement, Kyiv to, 239 distancing itself from the sepa Kremlins commitment, 203—4 requirements, 198 energy war with Kyiv, 19 signing of, 190-5, 202 NATOs intention, 221-2 Zakharchenko, 200-1 peace plan, 172-3 Zelensky, 220-1 perspective, 239—43 298 ratist idea, 147-8
INDEX Putins aim, 195-6 Night Wolves motorcycle club, referendum on Crimea’s an 61-2 NKVD officer, 229 nexation, 120-1 Russian-speakers, 197 no-fly zone, 40 September memorandum, 193 nomenklatura, 228, 229 views on separatists, 151 “non-government-controlled Zelensky, 217-19 See also Russia, Ukraine Motorola. See Pavlov, Arsen areas” (NGCAs), 198, 213, 219 non-state Russian backers, 10 Northern Caucasus, 145-6 (Motorola) Northern Kazakhstan, 34 Mozgovoi, Alexei, 208, 209 Novaya Gazeta (newspaper), 85, МТ-LB personnel carriers, 7 Munich Security Conference, 235 248 Munich, 38 Novoazovsk, 171 Novo-Ogaryovo, 28, 36 Muratov, Dmitry, 85 Novorossiya fighters, 84 mysticism, 154 Novorossiya movement, 103 Novorossiya project, 160, 180, Nagorno-Karabakh, 32 narodnoye opolcheniye (peoples 189, 208 Novorossiya, 70, 79, 108, 125, Nashi movement, 153 146, 156 Nuland, Victoria, 43-4 National Bolsheviks group Nutritek, 89 militia), 6 (Natsboly), 34, 173 National Security and Defense Obama, Barack, 59-60 Council (Ukraine), 166, 176 nationalist-leaning journalists, 134 Odessa, 59, 70, 74, 138-9 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty OMON (Russia’s notorious riot Organization), 35, 40, 196 Odesskaya Druzhina, 74, 75 police), 174 disagreements with, 233-8 Oplot organization, 177, 178 expansion, 239-40, 241 intention, 221-2 Orange Revolution, 152 US president, 241-2 New Russia. See Novorossiya NGOs (Non-Governmental Organisations), 80 Organization of Security and Co-operation (OSCE), 42, 141, 185, 223 Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), 178, 184 299
INDEX Ossetia, 145 constitutional amendment, 221 Ozerov, Viktor, 120 Putin and, 193-4 Putin wrote, 192 paratroopers Russian paratroopers, parents of, 165-6 Party of Regions, 18-19, 55, 70, 71 Party of Russian Unity and Accord (PRES), 95 Patrushev, Nikolai Platonovich, 28, 38, 42-3, 91-2, 143, 242 and Konstantinov, 49 Pavlov, Arsen (Motorola), 183, 208-9 Peoples Alternative, 70 Prague Hotel, 174 Prague Spring. See Arab Spring (2011) Pravy Sektor, 52, 66, 72, 159, 184 PRES. See Party of Russian Unity and Accord (PRES) Presidential Administration (Russian), 85, 89, 94-5, 114, 153 Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic (PMR), 133, 134 Pridnestrovie. See Transnistria Prilepin, Zakhar, 173-4 “peoples deputies”, 124 on Russian generals, 176-7 “peoples mandate”, 118 Peoples Militia (DPR), 175-6 Pristina International Airport, 236 “peoples vote”, 70 pro-Maidan perestroika, 228 activists, 25, 68, 76 Perevalne, 23, 25 Plotnitsky, Igor, 161, 208, 209, camp, 74 civilian activists, 48-9 213 demonstrators, 74 Minsk Agreement, 192-5 rallies, 74 PMR. See Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic (PMR) pro-Russian activism, 47, 139 pro-Russian movement, 16, 134-5 Pochtayev, Yegor, 168 pro-Russian politicians, 155 Poland, 44 pro-Russian protesters, 68, 73-4 political consultants, 134 pro-Russian rallies, 74 “political expediency”, 38, 39 pro-Russian separatist movement, “political prisoners”, 122 106 Ponomaryov, Vyacheslav, 113-15 pro-Russian separatist protests, 5 Poroshenko, Petro, 186, 198 pro-Russian separatist rebellion, administration, 232-3 300 104
INDEX pro-Russian uprisings, 85 Pyatnashka Brigade, 183 pro-separatist movements, 81 pro-unity protesters, 75 pro-Western Maidan movement, 74 pro-Western mobs, 139—40 Pskov (region), 166 pundits, 134 Purgin, Andrei, 180 Pushilin, Denis, 116, 120, 211 Pussy Riot (trial), 90 Putin Mystique, The (Arutunyan), 14 Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, 13-14, 62-4, 116-17, 167, 187-8 aim, 195-6 allegations on, 245-6 and ceasefire, 190-5 betrayed by his patners, 44-5 Biden and, 240-1 capitulation, 201-5 Donbas project, 140 invasion withdrawal, 232-3 invasion, 250-1 Novo-Ogaryovo meeting, 28 press conference, 60-1 Russian businesses, 215-16 statement on Clinton, 43 thoughts, 246-7 US officials, 239 vacated the presidential seat, 152-3 views on Crimea, 36-8 See also Russia Rada, 71 Radik, 9 Ratnikov, Boris, 42 Republican Party of Crimea, 32-3 Rescue Corps, 46 Resolution (1973), 40 Revolution of Dignity, 18, 20 RISI. See Russian Institute of Strategic Studies (RISI) Rodina party, 95 Rodina, 152 Rogozin, Dmitry, 152 Rorschach inkblot test, 197 Rostelecom, 89, 91 Rostov (region), 4, 7, 165, 168 Rostovtsev, Ruslan, 214-15 Russia adventurism in Donbas, 137 annexation of Crimea, 6 arms to Ukrainian separatists (controversy), 264n42 capitulation, 201-5 coal producers, 213-17 coronavirus, 243-4 decentralization, 199 Donetsk Airport, battle for, 182-5 failure, 185-8 foreign policy, 143, 212 fringe issue, 34 hybrid war on Ukraine, 12-13 information warfare, 11 invasion, intelligence sources, 238-41 301
INDEX Kremlins collaboration with, 29 Russian Orthodox Church, 81-2, 83, 90, 99 military deployment, 169-70 Russian protesters, 14-15 military operation, 247-52 Russian soldiers, 26, 51, 166, 168, NATO, disagreements with, 233-8 peace plan, 172-3, 192 249-50 Russian Soviet Federated Republic, 31 Putins aim, 195-6 “Russian Spring”, 85, 136, 252 Russia’s goal, 245-6 Russian tourists, 69 Russian-Ukrainian border, Russian troops, 56, 171, 186, 191, 222-5 249-50 separatists, 172 absence from Donbas, 120 shadow invasion of Donbas, 81 deployment of, 174 troops, evidence on, 167-8 evidence on, 167-8 Ukrainian border, troops in, 232-3 US ban on export licenses to, 139 wished to join Western com munity, 41 Russia-backed separatists, 209 Russian armed forces, 167, 186 Russian border patrol, 109 Russian civil society, 80-1 invasion of Georgia, 232 military deployment, 169-70 retreated from Ukrainian bor der, 141 role of militias for, 108 separatist militias, battle with, 172 See also Ukrainian troops Russian Unity party, 55 Russian volunteers, 71 Russian Constitution, 100 Russian White House, 86 Russian Defense Ministry, 169, “Russian World”, 99 170 Russian Empire, 70 Russian Federation, 96 Russian Institute of Strategic Studies (RISI), 97-8, 100, 101 Russian law, 166, 169-70 Russians, 4-5, 8, 56, 68, 151 Russian-speakers, 35 in Ukraine, 196-9, 225 Russian-Ukrainian border, 222-5 Rutskoi, Alexander, 86 Ryazan, 110 Russian military, 56, 108-9 Russian nationalist movement, 34-5 302 Saakashvili, Mikheil, 232 NATO membership, 237-8
INDEX Sablin, Dmitry, 81-2, 156 Sevastopol, 35, 36, 62, 105 Sasha (Russian volunteer), 4, 6-8, 74268 (Russian unit), 166 252 76th Pskov Airborne Division, 166 Savur-Mohyla, 171 Shakhtarsk, 111 SBU (Ukrainian Security Service), Shchyogolev, Igor, 89 181,209 Shevkunov, Tikhon, 87-8, 91 Security Council (Ukraine), 168 Shkiryak, Zoryan, 209 Security Council (Russia), 38-9, Shoigu, Sergei Kuzhugetovich, 27, 28, 45-6, 65, 142, 241 49 Security Service (Ukraine), 168, 181,209 “self-defense forces”, 26 self-defense militia, 51, 56, 57, 65,72 separatist movement (2014), 144 separatist statelets, 145 separatists, 142, 145, 156, 159, Siberia, 42, 54,214 Silver Rain radio, 248 Simferopol, 23, 45, 47, 105 Slavic nationalists, 64 Slavyanka, 56 Slovyansk, 3, 105, 111, 113, 160, 170 167, 218 Sobyanin, Sergei, 243 South Caucasian restaurants, 34 Debaltseve, battle of, 193 South Ossetia, 30, 32, 36-7, 154, Donetsk Airport, battle for, 182-5 line of contact, 242-3 214, 238,237 Soviet 14th Guards Army, 133 Soviet Union, 5, 18, 30, 86, 142, 143, 183, 229 Moscow, 174-5, 187-8, 193, 199 “special military operation”, 25 peace plan, 172-3 Special Operations Forces, 47 pro-Russian separatists, 70, Spetsnaz (Russia), 47, 116, 143, 139, 181,212, 231-2 167 Putin blames, 191 Ukraine, 240 spin-doctors, 134 Ukraine’s recapturing from, 186 St Basil Charitable Foundation, Serbia, 35 spiritualism, 91 83 Serdyukov, Andrei, 143, 176 St Basil Fund, 88 Sergei Prokofyev International St Petersburg, 227 Airport (Donetsk), 181-2 Stalin, Joseph, 54 battle for, 183-4 Stalinism, 229 303
INDEX Stalinists, 34 Turkey, 64, 213 State Duma, 94, 95, 129 Turkic language, 54 Steinmeier Formula, 218, 220 Tymchuk, Dmytro, 209 Steinmeier, Frank-Walter, 218 Strelkov, Igor, 4, 11, 57, 83-4, 100 UEFA football championship, 181 Supreme Ataman, 64 UK. See United Kingdom (UK) “supreme council”, 118 Ukraine assassinations, 208-11 Surkov, Vladislav, 99, 151-3, 154-5, 157-8, 179, 194 border, troops in, 232-3 resignation of, 219-20 ceasefire, 190-5 Sutyagin, Igor, 168, 170 SVR, 97-8 Switzerland, 129 sympathizers, 49 Syria, 39 Sytin, Alexander, 98-9 coal, 213-15 decentralization, 196-200 FSB aggressive approach to, 142-3 Interior Troops, 15 Kremlins inaction, 201-5 Malofeyev brought Gifts of the Tagliavini, Heidi, 195 Taruta, Sergei, 118, 121, 122 Tbilisi, 238 Magi to, 81 Moscow paying, 216-17 NATOs intention, 221-2 Temirgaliev, Rustam, 54-6, 81-2 Orange Revolution, 152 “terrorist sympathizers”, 15 peace plan, 172-3, 192 Times of Troubles (1612), 6 Russia’s goal, 245-6 titushky, 178 Russia’s hybrid war on, 12-13 Tolstykh, Mikhail (Givi), 183, Russia’s invasion, intelligence 208, 210 sources, 238-41 Transnistria, 30, 133, 220 Russia’s military operation, Treaty on Friendship, 33 247-52 Russian troops, evidence on, Trilateral Contact Group, 218 Tsargrad (television channel), 85 Tskhinvali, 238 Tunisia, 39 Turchynov, Oleksandr, 71, 118, 121 304 167-8 Russian’s military, 169-70 Russian-Ukrainian border, 222-5 Ukrainian constitution, 32
INDEX Ukrainian Nazis, 8 US president and, 241-43 Ukrainian bloggers, 166 Ukrainian citizens, 110, 139, 269и15 Ukrainian fighters, 146 Ukrainian information warfare, 11 Ukrainian intelligence, 233 Ukrainian journalists, 57 officials, 239 Russia disagreements and, 2338 See also Biden, Joe Unity Day (Russia), 6 US intelligence, 233, 238 Usmanov, Alisher, 216 USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), 29, 30, 32 Ukrainian law, 197, 198, 199 Ukrainian National Guard, 14-15, 136 Ukrainian Naval Forces, 26 Ukrainian Security Service (SBU), 62, 71, 93 Ukrainian separatists, 217 Ukrainian soldiers, 26, 171, 185 Ukrainian Soviet Federated Republic, 31 Ukrainian troops, 166 battle, starting, 191 Debaltseve, battle of, 193 Donetsk Airport, battle for, 182-5 in Donetsk Airport, 191 Ukrainian ultranationalists, 61, 67 Ukrainian volunteers, 146 Ukrainian-Russian border, 171 UN Security Council, 236 Union Treaty, 31 Venediktov, Alexei, 37 Victory Day battle, 16 Virgin Mary, 90 Vneshtorgservis, 213-14, 216 Volkov, Pyotr, 75-6 Volodin, Vyacheslav, 154 volunteer fighters, 64 Vostok Battalion, 145-6 VTB, 89 Washington, 60, 139 Weak Strongman (Frye), 14 Western community, 41 Western intelligence reports, 137 Western journalists, 80 Western NGO, 104 “Western partners”, 45 Western Ukraine, 18, 19, 48 White Guard officers, 98 White House, 59-60 World War II, 5-6 United Kingdom (UK), 239 United Nations (UN), 40 United Russia party, 39, 95 Yanukovych, Viktor, 17-19, 36, 43-4, 52, 152, 214 United States (US), 39, 42, 92, Yeltsin, Boris, 30-1, 86-7, 95, 236 139, 202, 236 Yermak, Andriy, 220 305
INDEX Yugoslavia, 236 Zamana, Volodymyr, 108 Yushchenko, Viktor, 17, 152 Zatulin, Konstantin, 74, 93-4, 95, Zakharchenko, Alexander, 161, Zavosteyev, Vladimir, 168 168, 169, 173, 192, 173-6 Zavtra (newspaper), 133 4 and his battalions, 177-81 Zelensky, Volodymyr, 198, 241, 96-7, 141, 178 death, 207-8 232 Minsk Agreement, 192-5 political career, 217-22 Minsk, opposition to, 185-8 See also Ukraine on Minsk, 200-1 Zhaldak, Valery, 121 Ukrainian troops, 191 Zakharov, Sergei, 79 Zheleznyak, Sergei, 203—4 Zaldostanov, Alexander, 61-2, 63, Zhuchkovsky, Alexander, 157 66 306 Zhilin, Yevgeny, 177 Zurabov, Mikhail, 195 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München _____ /
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements Foreword ix xi PART ONE HOW A BUNCH OF GUYS STARTED A WAR . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The Enthusiasts The Little Green Men The Hybrid Warriors Friends of the Kremlin The Trigger-Man of the Russian Spring The Betrayal 3 23 51 79 103 129 PART TWO . AND HOW THE KREMLIN LOST IT 7. 8. 9. 10. The The The The Northern Wind Negotiators Curators Invasion 165 189 207 227 Notes Index 255 291 vii
INDEX Note: Page numbers followed by “; refer to notes anti-Maidan protesters, 140, 178 Abkhazia/Abkhazians, 30, 37, antisemitism, 230 154, 183, 237, 238 About Yesterday (Shoigu), 46 Anti-Terrorist Operation, 126 Afghanistan, 65, 110, 239 anti-Yanukovych protests, 177 veterans, 92 Airborne Brigade, 159 Arab Spring (2011), 39-40, 85 armed forces (Ukraine), 170-1, 182 Ajaría, 237 AK-47s, 80 armored personnel carrier (APC), Akhmetov, Rinat, 121 9 Association Agreement, 17, 43 Aksyonov, Sergei, 55, 58-9, 67, Autonomous Republic of Crimea, 105, 106-7, 26ІИІ2 Albright, Madeleine, 42 33 Avidzba, Akhra, 183-4 Alexander II (Russian Emperor), 64 Anapa airfield, 47 anti-Nazi, 115 Balkans, 98 Baltics, 238 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, 234 anti-Kremlin demonstrations Batman. See Mozgovoi, Alexei battalion tactical groups (BTGs), 167, 168, 169 (2012), 80, 153 Belarus, 32 anti-Maidan congress, 19 291
INDEX Belaventsev, Oleg, 56, 58 Chechen, 30 Belkovsky, Stanislav, 134 Chechnya, 33, 65, 110, 145 Belovezha Accords, 29, 32, 86 Chesnakov, Alexei, 204 Berdyaev, Nikolai, 244 Christ the Savior Cathedral, 90, Berkut special police, 52, 72, 146 Biden, Joe, 233, 238-9, 242 Putin and, 240-1 99 Christmas parties, 62 Chubarov, Refat, 56 Black Sea Fleet agreement, 47 Church of St Tatiana, 87 Black Sea Fleet, 24, 26, 36, 47, 96 Circassians, 54 Black Sea, 70 CIS Institute, 96, 97 Bolotnaya protests, 43, 153 “civil war”, 157 Bolotnaya Square, 41 civilian organizers, 48-9 Bolotov, Valery, 122, 161 Clinton, Bill, 233 Bolotskikh, Mikhail, 73 Clinton, Hillary, 42 Borodai, Alexander, 83, 84, 106, Committee for CIS Affairs and 112-13, 126, 134 appointed as prime minister, 131 and Surkov, 158 Boyevoye Bratstvo (“Combat Brotherhood”), 81 Brussels, 222 Budapest Memorandum (1994), 33 Relations, 95 “committee of Donetsk voters”, 119 communism, 228, 229 Congress of Peoples Deputies, 30-1, 86, 87 Congress of Russian Communities (KRO), 95 corona-virus lockdowns, 231 Buiny, 109, 110, 111 Cossack community, 65 BuK surface-to-air missile, 126, Cossacks, 26, 64-5, 110 160-1 Burkhalter, Didier, 140-1 Bush, George W., 234, 237 Crimea Platform, 222 Crimea, 6, 24, 27-8, 65, 111, 187 annexation of, 198 autonomy, 197 capitulation, 204-5, 219, 221 Catherine the Great, 31 Kremlins political transition in, 137 Central Asia, 96 problematic premises, 195-6 central Odessa, 75 Russian troops and volunteers chauvinism, 34 292 in, 67, 232
INDEX Ukraine’s place, 239-40 Girkin travelled to, 111-12 war in, 247 Moscow troops, 175 Zelensky, 220-1 Moscow peace plan, 204 Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, 31 Crimean Communist Party, 49, 59 Crimean constitution (1992), 58 Crimean Peninsula, 47, 108-9, 134-5 “Crimean project”, 86 Crimean referendum (2014), 37 Crimean separatism, 35 Russia’s shadow invasion of, 81 Russian military in, 167-8 Surkov, 219 war in, 196 Donets Basin, 18, 213 Donetsk Airport, 170, 182, 191 battle for, 184, 185-6, 210 separatists, 183 Donetsk People’s Republic Crimean Supreme Soviet, 32 (DPR), 9, 115-16,221,242, Crimean Tatars, 33, 47, 53, 55-6 250 Crimean unification, 59 as a sovereign state, 118 Crimeans, 67 change in leadership, 156 People’s Militia of inaugura Davidchenko, Anton, 70 Debaltseve, 167, 172, 183, 190, 193 transport hub, 186 Debaltseve, battle of, 193 decentralization, 123 Defense Ministry (Russia), 56 167, 168, 169, 251 tion, 175 recognized by Russia, 214 Surkov support for indepen dence, 220 Donetsk, 5-6, 72, 76, 119-20, 122 buildings, 217 conducted elections, 198 Dima (former Ukrainian rebel framework bill, 204 fighter), 4, 6, 125, 252-4 Minsk Protocol, 182 Dipservice Hall, 194 Russian forces, 251 Donbas, 6, 201, 219-21, 239-40, seizure of government buildings 245,251-3 anti-terrorist operation in, 11 separatists, 172 Avidzba, 183-4 troops, 232 businesses, 214-17 Ukraine’s control, 170 Cossacks to join self-defense Vostok seized rebel headquar ters in, 145 militias in, 65 in, 139 293
INDEX Zakharchenko, 201 planning to absorb Ukraine, 84 See also Luhansk Serbia’s protests, 236 DPR. See Donetsk Peoples Yanukovych Association Agree Republic (DPR) Druzhkivka, 5 ment with, 17 Everyday Saints (Tikhon), 87 Dugin, Alexander, 85 Dutch Joint Investigative Team, 130 “fascist” junta, 26 “fascists”, 116 fatalism, 69 eastern Moscow, 65 FBI (Federal Bureau of Eastern Ukraine, 18, 19-20, 53, 67 Investigation), 143 Federal Security Service (FSB), 4, pro-Russian uprisings in, 85 Eastern Ukrainian cities, 5 134, 142-3, 188 poor intelligence, 250-1 Eastern Ukrainians, 19, 67 federalization, 123 Egypt, 39 Federation Council, 70, 136, 156, Ekho Moskvy (radio), 248 169 Emergencies Ministry, 46 Five-Year Plan, 18 ethno-nationalism, 34 Flight MH-17, 126-7, 130, EU. See European Union (EU) 273n27 Eurasian Economic Union, 17 Euromaidan, 19 Flotskaya Street, 98 “foreign agents”, 80 Europe, 230 Foreign Ministry, 124 anti-Kremlin political agendas, 222 Foundation for Aid, 79-80 France, 44 coal exported to, 213 freelance enthusiasts, 145 diplomats in, 239 Frye, Timothy, 14 United States ignorance, 237 FSB. See Federal Security Service European republics, 96 European Union (EU), 43, 139, (FSB) Fyodorov, Yevgeny, 202 172, 195, 196, 221 Clinton on Russian member ship, 234 Gaddafi, Muammar, 39-40 members, 236 Galeotti, Mark, 13 GazAlliance, 214 Minsk Protocol, 182 Gazprombank, 89, 91 294
INDEX Geneva Agreement, 141 Gorbunova, Nina, 73 Geneva, 139 Grach, Leonid, 49 “geopolitical fantasies”, 97 “great game” politicking, 155 Georgia, 36-7, 154 Greece/Greeks, 54, 81 Abkhazian separatist, 183-4 Grozny, 30 NATO membership, 237-8 GRU (military intelligence), 106, Russian troops invasion of, 232 Georgian war (2008), 39 Gerasimov, Valery, 48 143, 188 Gubarev, Pavel, 70-1, 109, 118, 141, 158 Germany, 44 Gumilyov, Lev, 132, 244 Gifts of the Magi, 81 Gvardeiskoye airfield, 47 Girkin, Igor Vsevolodovich, 1035, 133-4, 135, 191,201,252 Hamburg, 227, 230 Borodais relationship with, 132 handguns, 24 and his forces, 170 Harley Davidson Lehman Trike, Donbas journey, 124-7 Malaysia Airlines attack, 160-1 Minsk Agreement, views on, 209-11 on Russia, 202 61, 63 Hollande, François, 192 battle of Debaltseve, 193 The Hague, 104 Hussein, Saddam, 235 Aksyonov phone conversation with, 148-50 Simferopol, amassed battalion in, 106-7 Slovyansk seizing attempts, 122-3 “Spetsnaz battalion”, 109-10 statement on Slovyansk, 159-60 Zakharchenko, clash with, 179 Givi. See Tolstykh, Mikhail (Givi) Ilovaisk, 167, 171 Ily, 165 Ilyushin-76 aircraft, 47 Informational and Analytical Directorate, 98 Institute for Commonwealth of Independent States, 93 Interior Ministry (Ukraine), 123 Iran, 234 glasnost, 229 Iraq, 235 Istanbul, 222 Glazyev, Sergei, 74, 93-5, 152, Ivan, 51-2 154, 156-7, 263n38 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 31, 133, 229 Ivanov, Sergei, 28, 36, 90-1, 153-4, 237 295
INDEX Ivanovich, Vladimir, 143 Kozak, Dmitry, 215-16, 219-20 Kramatorsk, 79, 115, 160 Joint Investigation Team, 148 “Kremlin emissary”, 106 Kremlin officialdom, 97 Kalashnikov, 4, 24, 109, 116 Kremlin policy, 95 Kalyvas, Stathis, 20 Kremlin, 11-12, 58-9, 84, 101, Karaganov, Sergei, 254 107-8, 260n2 Kashin, Oleg, 106, 111, 121 assistance to Surkov, 27 Kelin, Andrei, 186 capitulation, 201-5 KGB coup, 32 forced Yanukovych to abandon Kharitonov, Alexander, 72-3, 122 Kharkiv, 5-6, 19, 84, 122 under bombardment, 247 government buildings, seizure of, 139 Association Agreement, 17 NATO presence, 236 Novorossiya project, abandon ment of, 135 Orange Revolution, effects on, Khirurg, 62-3 152 problematic premises, 195-6 Khodakovsky, Alexander, 146, Russia’s invasion, intelligence Khazars, 54 147, 275n44 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 95 Kholmogorov, Yegor, 85, 252 Khrushchev, Nikita, 31 sources, 238-41 Russia’s military operation, 247-52 separatists, 187-8 Kirill, Patriarch, 90 Surkov’s resignation, 219-20 Klinchayev, Arsen, 72-3, 122, tried to gain control over 129-30 Klintsevich, Franz, 65-6 Kofman, Michael, 72, 233 Ukraine, 9-10 Ukrainian decentralization, 197-8 Kolesnikov, Andrei, 194 Zakharchenko, 177-81 Komsomol activists, 95 See also Russia; Ukraine Kononov, Vladimir, 161 Konstantinov, Vladimir, 49, 55-6, 59 KRO. See Congress of Russian Communities (KRO) Krylov, Konstantin, 34-5 Kortunov, Andrei, 250 Kosovo, 35, 235-6 Kuchma, Leonid, 33, 195 Kovalchuk, Yuri, 244 Kulygina, Olga, 133-4 296 Kulikovo Polye, 70, 75
INDEX Kurchenko, Sergei, 214 Kuznetsov, Anatoly, 68-9, 74 “little green men”, 10-11, 66, Kyiv government, 121 Litvinov, Boris, 123 “Kyiv junta”, 109-10, 118-19 Loiko, Sergei, 184 Kyiv, 9, 19, 67, 71, 76 London court, 89 “Anti-Terrorist Operation”, 14-15 105, 113, 135 London, 222 Lugansk People’s Republics, 182, bombarding, 247 212-13, 214, 242, 250 Crimea Platform, 222 Biden’s recognition of, 242 decentralization, 196-200 Russian government trade with, Minsk, 239 Moscow, beliefs in, 218 protests, 177 pro-Western mobs’ seizure of buildings, 139-40 Russia-backed separatists, 209-10 215-16 Surkov, 220 Luhansk, 5-6, 72-3, 76, 122, 124, 166 buildings, 217 conduct elections, 198 framework bill, 204 Russian attack, 247-52 Minsk Protocol, 182 See also Ukraine Russian forces, 251 Russian government, 216 Language laws, 74 Lebed, Alexander, 134 Lenin Square, 71 seizure of government buildings in, 139 separatists’ strategy, 170-2 Lenin, Vladimir, 246 Lukyanov, Fyodor, 196 Lessons ofByzantium: Death of an Luzhkov, Yuri, 34, 35, 96 Empire (Tikhon), 87 Libya, 39, 40 Lviv, 140 Limonov, Eduard, 34 Lyashenko, Alexander, 146-7 line of contact, 174-5, 177, 180 Lysenko, Andrei, 166 Luzhniki Stadium, 41 meeting, 224 Minsk Protocol and, 182 Maidan movement, 52 Moscow’s efforts, 185 Maidan Revolution, 17, 140 Poroshenko, 192 rebels, 186 Maidan Square, 17 Zakharchenko, 191, 201 Main Administration of Irregular Forces, 64 297
INDEX Makeyevka, 146 Minsk I, 182, 185, 210 Maksimov, Ilya, 166-7, 168 Minsk II, 179, 182 Maksimova, Lyubov, 165, 166 Minsk Package of Measures, 172, Malaysia Airlines, 161 Malofeyev, Konstantin, 81-2, 83-6, 87, 88-9, 100 links between Ivanov and, 91 189, 196, 198, 204, 221 Minsk Protocol. See Minsk Agreement Minsk, 200-1 Malyutka anti-tank missiles, 7 law, 198 “managed democracy”, 99 summiton, 192 Mariupol, 14, 170, 185-6, 249, 251 Markin, Vyacheslav, 75-6 Zakharchenko, 200-1 Mogilev, Anatoly, 82 Moldova, 132-3, 134, 154 Marshall Capital Partners, 89 Moldovan forces, 133 Matveeva, Anna, 20 Moldovan money laundering McFaul, Michael, 46 Medvedev, Dmitry, 38-9, 91, 152-3, 236 disagreement between Putin and, 41 Merkel, Angela ceasefire, talks on, 190-5 Meshkov, Yuri, 32-3 scheme, 215 Molotov cocktails, 68, 75 Mongol, 146-7 Mongolia, 124 Mordashev, Alexei, 216 Moscow State University, 87 Moscow, 3, 18, 58-9, 76, 141, 259n27 Milosevic, Slobodan, 160 assassinations, 208-11 Ministry of Defense, 66 capitulation, 201-5 Minsk Agreement I. See Minsk I ceasefire, 186-7 Minsk Agreement, 172-3, ceasefire, collapse of, 191-2 179-80, 182, 197 Clinton, 233-4 agenda, 213 coal producers, 213-17 Girkins view, 209-10 decentralization, 199-200 implement, Kyiv to, 239 distancing itself from the sepa Kremlins commitment, 203—4 requirements, 198 energy war with Kyiv, 19 signing of, 190-5, 202 NATOs intention, 221-2 Zakharchenko, 200-1 peace plan, 172-3 Zelensky, 220-1 perspective, 239—43 298 ratist idea, 147-8
INDEX Putins aim, 195-6 Night Wolves motorcycle club, referendum on Crimea’s an 61-2 NKVD officer, 229 nexation, 120-1 Russian-speakers, 197 no-fly zone, 40 September memorandum, 193 nomenklatura, 228, 229 views on separatists, 151 “non-government-controlled Zelensky, 217-19 See also Russia, Ukraine Motorola. See Pavlov, Arsen areas” (NGCAs), 198, 213, 219 non-state Russian backers, 10 Northern Caucasus, 145-6 (Motorola) Northern Kazakhstan, 34 Mozgovoi, Alexei, 208, 209 Novaya Gazeta (newspaper), 85, МТ-LB personnel carriers, 7 Munich Security Conference, 235 248 Munich, 38 Novoazovsk, 171 Novo-Ogaryovo, 28, 36 Muratov, Dmitry, 85 Novorossiya fighters, 84 mysticism, 154 Novorossiya movement, 103 Novorossiya project, 160, 180, Nagorno-Karabakh, 32 narodnoye opolcheniye (peoples 189, 208 Novorossiya, 70, 79, 108, 125, Nashi movement, 153 146, 156 Nuland, Victoria, 43-4 National Bolsheviks group Nutritek, 89 militia), 6 (Natsboly), 34, 173 National Security and Defense Obama, Barack, 59-60 Council (Ukraine), 166, 176 nationalist-leaning journalists, 134 Odessa, 59, 70, 74, 138-9 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty OMON (Russia’s notorious riot Organization), 35, 40, 196 Odesskaya Druzhina, 74, 75 police), 174 disagreements with, 233-8 Oplot organization, 177, 178 expansion, 239-40, 241 intention, 221-2 Orange Revolution, 152 US president, 241-2 New Russia. See Novorossiya NGOs (Non-Governmental Organisations), 80 Organization of Security and Co-operation (OSCE), 42, 141, 185, 223 Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), 178, 184 299
INDEX Ossetia, 145 constitutional amendment, 221 Ozerov, Viktor, 120 Putin and, 193-4 Putin wrote, 192 paratroopers Russian paratroopers, parents of, 165-6 Party of Regions, 18-19, 55, 70, 71 Party of Russian Unity and Accord (PRES), 95 Patrushev, Nikolai Platonovich, 28, 38, 42-3, 91-2, 143, 242 and Konstantinov, 49 Pavlov, Arsen (Motorola), 183, 208-9 Peoples Alternative, 70 Prague Hotel, 174 Prague Spring. See Arab Spring (2011) Pravy Sektor, 52, 66, 72, 159, 184 PRES. See Party of Russian Unity and Accord (PRES) Presidential Administration (Russian), 85, 89, 94-5, 114, 153 Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic (PMR), 133, 134 Pridnestrovie. See Transnistria Prilepin, Zakhar, 173-4 “peoples deputies”, 124 on Russian generals, 176-7 “peoples mandate”, 118 Peoples Militia (DPR), 175-6 Pristina International Airport, 236 “peoples vote”, 70 pro-Maidan perestroika, 228 activists, 25, 68, 76 Perevalne, 23, 25 Plotnitsky, Igor, 161, 208, 209, camp, 74 civilian activists, 48-9 213 demonstrators, 74 Minsk Agreement, 192-5 rallies, 74 PMR. See Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic (PMR) pro-Russian activism, 47, 139 pro-Russian movement, 16, 134-5 Pochtayev, Yegor, 168 pro-Russian politicians, 155 Poland, 44 pro-Russian protesters, 68, 73-4 political consultants, 134 pro-Russian rallies, 74 “political expediency”, 38, 39 pro-Russian separatist movement, “political prisoners”, 122 106 Ponomaryov, Vyacheslav, 113-15 pro-Russian separatist protests, 5 Poroshenko, Petro, 186, 198 pro-Russian separatist rebellion, administration, 232-3 300 104
INDEX pro-Russian uprisings, 85 Pyatnashka Brigade, 183 pro-separatist movements, 81 pro-unity protesters, 75 pro-Western Maidan movement, 74 pro-Western mobs, 139—40 Pskov (region), 166 pundits, 134 Purgin, Andrei, 180 Pushilin, Denis, 116, 120, 211 Pussy Riot (trial), 90 Putin Mystique, The (Arutunyan), 14 Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, 13-14, 62-4, 116-17, 167, 187-8 aim, 195-6 allegations on, 245-6 and ceasefire, 190-5 betrayed by his patners, 44-5 Biden and, 240-1 capitulation, 201-5 Donbas project, 140 invasion withdrawal, 232-3 invasion, 250-1 Novo-Ogaryovo meeting, 28 press conference, 60-1 Russian businesses, 215-16 statement on Clinton, 43 thoughts, 246-7 US officials, 239 vacated the presidential seat, 152-3 views on Crimea, 36-8 See also Russia Rada, 71 Radik, 9 Ratnikov, Boris, 42 Republican Party of Crimea, 32-3 Rescue Corps, 46 Resolution (1973), 40 Revolution of Dignity, 18, 20 RISI. See Russian Institute of Strategic Studies (RISI) Rodina party, 95 Rodina, 152 Rogozin, Dmitry, 152 Rorschach inkblot test, 197 Rostelecom, 89, 91 Rostov (region), 4, 7, 165, 168 Rostovtsev, Ruslan, 214-15 Russia adventurism in Donbas, 137 annexation of Crimea, 6 arms to Ukrainian separatists (controversy), 264n42 capitulation, 201-5 coal producers, 213-17 coronavirus, 243-4 decentralization, 199 Donetsk Airport, battle for, 182-5 failure, 185-8 foreign policy, 143, 212 fringe issue, 34 hybrid war on Ukraine, 12-13 information warfare, 11 invasion, intelligence sources, 238-41 301
INDEX Kremlins collaboration with, 29 Russian Orthodox Church, 81-2, 83, 90, 99 military deployment, 169-70 Russian protesters, 14-15 military operation, 247-52 Russian soldiers, 26, 51, 166, 168, NATO, disagreements with, 233-8 peace plan, 172-3, 192 249-50 Russian Soviet Federated Republic, 31 Putins aim, 195-6 “Russian Spring”, 85, 136, 252 Russia’s goal, 245-6 Russian tourists, 69 Russian-Ukrainian border, Russian troops, 56, 171, 186, 191, 222-5 249-50 separatists, 172 absence from Donbas, 120 shadow invasion of Donbas, 81 deployment of, 174 troops, evidence on, 167-8 evidence on, 167-8 Ukrainian border, troops in, 232-3 US ban on export licenses to, 139 wished to join Western com munity, 41 Russia-backed separatists, 209 Russian armed forces, 167, 186 Russian border patrol, 109 Russian civil society, 80-1 invasion of Georgia, 232 military deployment, 169-70 retreated from Ukrainian bor der, 141 role of militias for, 108 separatist militias, battle with, 172 See also Ukrainian troops Russian Unity party, 55 Russian volunteers, 71 Russian Constitution, 100 Russian White House, 86 Russian Defense Ministry, 169, “Russian World”, 99 170 Russian Empire, 70 Russian Federation, 96 Russian Institute of Strategic Studies (RISI), 97-8, 100, 101 Russian law, 166, 169-70 Russians, 4-5, 8, 56, 68, 151 Russian-speakers, 35 in Ukraine, 196-9, 225 Russian-Ukrainian border, 222-5 Rutskoi, Alexander, 86 Ryazan, 110 Russian military, 56, 108-9 Russian nationalist movement, 34-5 302 Saakashvili, Mikheil, 232 NATO membership, 237-8
INDEX Sablin, Dmitry, 81-2, 156 Sevastopol, 35, 36, 62, 105 Sasha (Russian volunteer), 4, 6-8, 74268 (Russian unit), 166 252 76th Pskov Airborne Division, 166 Savur-Mohyla, 171 Shakhtarsk, 111 SBU (Ukrainian Security Service), Shchyogolev, Igor, 89 181,209 Shevkunov, Tikhon, 87-8, 91 Security Council (Ukraine), 168 Shkiryak, Zoryan, 209 Security Council (Russia), 38-9, Shoigu, Sergei Kuzhugetovich, 27, 28, 45-6, 65, 142, 241 49 Security Service (Ukraine), 168, 181,209 “self-defense forces”, 26 self-defense militia, 51, 56, 57, 65,72 separatist movement (2014), 144 separatist statelets, 145 separatists, 142, 145, 156, 159, Siberia, 42, 54,214 Silver Rain radio, 248 Simferopol, 23, 45, 47, 105 Slavic nationalists, 64 Slavyanka, 56 Slovyansk, 3, 105, 111, 113, 160, 170 167, 218 Sobyanin, Sergei, 243 South Caucasian restaurants, 34 Debaltseve, battle of, 193 South Ossetia, 30, 32, 36-7, 154, Donetsk Airport, battle for, 182-5 line of contact, 242-3 214, 238,237 Soviet 14th Guards Army, 133 Soviet Union, 5, 18, 30, 86, 142, 143, 183, 229 Moscow, 174-5, 187-8, 193, 199 “special military operation”, 25 peace plan, 172-3 Special Operations Forces, 47 pro-Russian separatists, 70, Spetsnaz (Russia), 47, 116, 143, 139, 181,212, 231-2 167 Putin blames, 191 Ukraine, 240 spin-doctors, 134 Ukraine’s recapturing from, 186 St Basil Charitable Foundation, Serbia, 35 spiritualism, 91 83 Serdyukov, Andrei, 143, 176 St Basil Fund, 88 Sergei Prokofyev International St Petersburg, 227 Airport (Donetsk), 181-2 Stalin, Joseph, 54 battle for, 183-4 Stalinism, 229 303
INDEX Stalinists, 34 Turkey, 64, 213 State Duma, 94, 95, 129 Turkic language, 54 Steinmeier Formula, 218, 220 Tymchuk, Dmytro, 209 Steinmeier, Frank-Walter, 218 Strelkov, Igor, 4, 11, 57, 83-4, 100 UEFA football championship, 181 Supreme Ataman, 64 UK. See United Kingdom (UK) “supreme council”, 118 Ukraine assassinations, 208-11 Surkov, Vladislav, 99, 151-3, 154-5, 157-8, 179, 194 border, troops in, 232-3 resignation of, 219-20 ceasefire, 190-5 Sutyagin, Igor, 168, 170 SVR, 97-8 Switzerland, 129 sympathizers, 49 Syria, 39 Sytin, Alexander, 98-9 coal, 213-15 decentralization, 196-200 FSB aggressive approach to, 142-3 Interior Troops, 15 Kremlins inaction, 201-5 Malofeyev brought Gifts of the Tagliavini, Heidi, 195 Taruta, Sergei, 118, 121, 122 Tbilisi, 238 Magi to, 81 Moscow paying, 216-17 NATOs intention, 221-2 Temirgaliev, Rustam, 54-6, 81-2 Orange Revolution, 152 “terrorist sympathizers”, 15 peace plan, 172-3, 192 Times of Troubles (1612), 6 Russia’s goal, 245-6 titushky, 178 Russia’s hybrid war on, 12-13 Tolstykh, Mikhail (Givi), 183, Russia’s invasion, intelligence 208, 210 sources, 238-41 Transnistria, 30, 133, 220 Russia’s military operation, Treaty on Friendship, 33 247-52 Russian troops, evidence on, Trilateral Contact Group, 218 Tsargrad (television channel), 85 Tskhinvali, 238 Tunisia, 39 Turchynov, Oleksandr, 71, 118, 121 304 167-8 Russian’s military, 169-70 Russian-Ukrainian border, 222-5 Ukrainian constitution, 32
INDEX Ukrainian Nazis, 8 US president and, 241-43 Ukrainian bloggers, 166 Ukrainian citizens, 110, 139, 269и15 Ukrainian fighters, 146 Ukrainian information warfare, 11 Ukrainian intelligence, 233 Ukrainian journalists, 57 officials, 239 Russia disagreements and, 2338 See also Biden, Joe Unity Day (Russia), 6 US intelligence, 233, 238 Usmanov, Alisher, 216 USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), 29, 30, 32 Ukrainian law, 197, 198, 199 Ukrainian National Guard, 14-15, 136 Ukrainian Naval Forces, 26 Ukrainian Security Service (SBU), 62, 71, 93 Ukrainian separatists, 217 Ukrainian soldiers, 26, 171, 185 Ukrainian Soviet Federated Republic, 31 Ukrainian troops, 166 battle, starting, 191 Debaltseve, battle of, 193 Donetsk Airport, battle for, 182-5 in Donetsk Airport, 191 Ukrainian ultranationalists, 61, 67 Ukrainian volunteers, 146 Ukrainian-Russian border, 171 UN Security Council, 236 Union Treaty, 31 Venediktov, Alexei, 37 Victory Day battle, 16 Virgin Mary, 90 Vneshtorgservis, 213-14, 216 Volkov, Pyotr, 75-6 Volodin, Vyacheslav, 154 volunteer fighters, 64 Vostok Battalion, 145-6 VTB, 89 Washington, 60, 139 Weak Strongman (Frye), 14 Western community, 41 Western intelligence reports, 137 Western journalists, 80 Western NGO, 104 “Western partners”, 45 Western Ukraine, 18, 19, 48 White Guard officers, 98 White House, 59-60 World War II, 5-6 United Kingdom (UK), 239 United Nations (UN), 40 United Russia party, 39, 95 Yanukovych, Viktor, 17-19, 36, 43-4, 52, 152, 214 United States (US), 39, 42, 92, Yeltsin, Boris, 30-1, 86-7, 95, 236 139, 202, 236 Yermak, Andriy, 220 305
INDEX Yugoslavia, 236 Zamana, Volodymyr, 108 Yushchenko, Viktor, 17, 152 Zatulin, Konstantin, 74, 93-4, 95, Zakharchenko, Alexander, 161, Zavosteyev, Vladimir, 168 168, 169, 173, 192, 173-6 Zavtra (newspaper), 133 4 and his battalions, 177-81 Zelensky, Volodymyr, 198, 241, 96-7, 141, 178 death, 207-8 232 Minsk Agreement, 192-5 political career, 217-22 Minsk, opposition to, 185-8 See also Ukraine on Minsk, 200-1 Zhaldak, Valery, 121 Ukrainian troops, 191 Zakharov, Sergei, 79 Zheleznyak, Sergei, 203—4 Zaldostanov, Alexander, 61-2, 63, Zhuchkovsky, Alexander, 157 66 306 Zhilin, Yevgeny, 177 Zurabov, Mikhail, 195 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München _ / |
any_adam_object | 1 |
any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
author | Arutunyan, Anna 1980- |
author_GND | (DE-588)139555943 |
author_facet | Arutunyan, Anna 1980- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Arutunyan, Anna 1980- |
author_variant | a a aa |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV047909982 |
classification_rvk | MG 82094 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1350649804 (DE-599)BVBBV047909982 |
discipline | Politologie |
discipline_str_mv | Politologie |
era | Geschichte 2014-2022 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 2014-2022 |
format | Book |
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illustrated | Not Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-03T19:31:03Z |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:24:52Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 178738795x 9781787387959 |
language | English |
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publisher | Hurst & Company |
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spelling | Arutunyan, Anna 1980- Verfasser (DE-588)139555943 aut Hybrid warriors proxies, freelancers and Moscow's struggle for Ukraine Anna Arutunyan London Hurst & Company 2022 xvii, 306 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 2014-2022 gnd rswk-swf Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg (DE-588)106969780X gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 gnd rswk-swf Hybridkrieg (DE-588)107366371X gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg (DE-588)106969780X s Geschichte 2014-2022 z DE-604 Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Hybridkrieg (DE-588)107366371X s Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 s Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033291773&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033291773&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
spellingShingle | Arutunyan, Anna 1980- Hybrid warriors proxies, freelancers and Moscow's struggle for Ukraine Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg (DE-588)106969780X gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 gnd Hybridkrieg (DE-588)107366371X gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)106969780X (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4252093-9 (DE-588)107366371X (DE-588)4076899-5 |
title | Hybrid warriors proxies, freelancers and Moscow's struggle for Ukraine |
title_auth | Hybrid warriors proxies, freelancers and Moscow's struggle for Ukraine |
title_exact_search | Hybrid warriors proxies, freelancers and Moscow's struggle for Ukraine |
title_exact_search_txtP | Hybrid warriors proxies, freelancers and Moscow's struggle for Ukraine |
title_full | Hybrid warriors proxies, freelancers and Moscow's struggle for Ukraine Anna Arutunyan |
title_fullStr | Hybrid warriors proxies, freelancers and Moscow's struggle for Ukraine Anna Arutunyan |
title_full_unstemmed | Hybrid warriors proxies, freelancers and Moscow's struggle for Ukraine Anna Arutunyan |
title_short | Hybrid warriors |
title_sort | hybrid warriors proxies freelancers and moscow s struggle for ukraine |
title_sub | proxies, freelancers and Moscow's struggle for Ukraine |
topic | Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg (DE-588)106969780X gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Desinformation (DE-588)4252093-9 gnd Hybridkrieg (DE-588)107366371X gnd |
topic_facet | Russisch-Ukrainischer Krieg Außenpolitik Desinformation Hybridkrieg Russland |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033291773&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033291773&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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