Geographies of nationhood: cartography, science, and society in the Russian imperial Baltic
Geographies of Nationhood examines the meteoric rise of ethnographic mapmaking in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a form of visual and material culture that gave expression to territorialised visions of nationhood. In the Russian Empire's Baltic provinces, the development of eth...
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| Format: | Karte |
| Sprache: | English |
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Oxford
Oxford University Press
2022
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | Oxford studies in modern European history
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | Geographies of Nationhood examines the meteoric rise of ethnographic mapmaking in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a form of visual and material culture that gave expression to territorialised visions of nationhood. In the Russian Empire's Baltic provinces, the development of ethnographic cartography, as part of the broader field of statistical data visualisation, progressively became a tool that lent legitimacy and an experiential dimension to nationalist arguments, as well as a wide range of alternative spatial configurations that rendered the inhabitants of the Baltic as part of local, imperial, and global geographies. Geographies of Nationhood treads new ground by expanding the focus beyond elites to include a diverse range of mapmakers, such as local bureaucrats, commercial enterprises, clergymen, family members, teachers, and landowners. It shifts the focus from imperial learned and military institutions to examine the proliferation of mapmaking across diverse sites in the Empire, including the provincial administration, local learned societies, private homes, and schools. Understanding ethnographic maps in the social context of their production, circulation, consumption, and reception is crucial for assessing their impact as powerful shapers of popular geographical conceptions of nationhood, state-building, and border-drawing. |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 267, 28 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780192844323 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a Geographies of Nationhood examines the meteoric rise of ethnographic mapmaking in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a form of visual and material culture that gave expression to territorialised visions of nationhood. In the Russian Empire's Baltic provinces, the development of ethnographic cartography, as part of the broader field of statistical data visualisation, progressively became a tool that lent legitimacy and an experiential dimension to nationalist arguments, as well as a wide range of alternative spatial configurations that rendered the inhabitants of the Baltic as part of local, imperial, and global geographies. | |
| 520 | 3 | |a Geographies of Nationhood treads new ground by expanding the focus beyond elites to include a diverse range of mapmakers, such as local bureaucrats, commercial enterprises, clergymen, family members, teachers, and landowners. It shifts the focus from imperial learned and military institutions to examine the proliferation of mapmaking across diverse sites in the Empire, including the provincial administration, local learned societies, private homes, and schools. Understanding ethnographic maps in the social context of their production, circulation, consumption, and reception is crucial for assessing their impact as powerful shapers of popular geographical conceptions of nationhood, state-building, and border-drawing. | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents List of Illustrations, Figures, and Maps List ofPlates List of Abbreviations Notes on the Text xi xiii xv xvii 1 Introduction 1. Networks of Cartographic Influence, Patronage, and Reception 2. Map Production in the Provinces and the Rise of Cartographic Entrepreneurship 3. The Baltic Question in Cartographic Imagination 22 58 92 4. Mapping Latvians in Local and Global Perspectives 133 5. Post-War Ethnic Boundary-Mapping from Above and Below 176 Epilogue: Afterlives of Maps Bibliography Index 217 221 257
Bibliography Archives and Libraries Estonian Literary Museum Archival Library Francis Skaryna Belarusian Library and Museum Herder Institute Library, Document Collection and Archives of the Baltic Knighthoods Latvian State Historical Archive National Archives of Estonia National Historical Archives of Belarus National Library of Estonia National Library of Finland National Library of Latvia National Library of Russia Russian State Library Russian State Historical Archives Scientific Archive of the Russian Geographical Society St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Science Tartu University Library Manuscripts Collection Maps (Excluding Works Listed in Figures and Plates) Dr. Henry Lange’s Karte von Liv-, Est- und Kurland. Nach den neuesten Quellen bearbeitet von K. v. Lowis of Menar und E A. Brochkaus’ Geographisch-Artistischer Anstalt in Leipzig, 9th edn (Riga: N. Kymmel, 1914). Eesti—Statistiline Album/Estonie—Album statistique 3 vols (Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo, 1925-8). Erkert [Erekért], R. F. Etnograficheskii atlas Zapađno-Russkikh gubernii i sosednikh oblaste։ (St. Petersburg: 1863). Grewingk, Constantin. Geognostische Karte der Ostseeprovinzen Liv-, Est- und Kurland (Dorpat: Naturforscher Gesellschaft zu Dorpat, 1861). Handrack, H. Karte der Deutschen in Lettland nach Städten und Gemeinden (nach Angaben der lettischen Volkszählung 1935, überprüft durch die Deutsche Volksgruppe in Lettland) (Dorpat: Volksdeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaften, 1936). Jakobson, Carl Robert. Kooli atlas ehk maa kaardi-raamat (Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1873).
Karskii. E. F., Etnograficheskaia karta belorusskogo plemeni (s ob’ianiteľnoi zapisko։). Ser: Trudy Komissii po izucheniyu plemennogo sostava Rossii, vol. 2 (Petrograd: Tipografiia Rossiiskoi Academii Nauk, 1917). Kentmann, Woldemar Friedrich. Geograahwia kaardid. Kooliaste Geograahwia-raamatu Ulkas (Tallinn: Eestimaa Sinod, 1884). Khoziaistvenno-statisticheskii atlas Evropeiskoi Rossii, sostavlennyi pri Departamente sel’skogo khoziaistva MGI (St. Petersburg: Departament seľskogo-khoziaistva MGI 1851 ).
222 BIBLIOGRAPHY Keograhwi, ehk öppetus Ma-ilma surussestja Ma-ilma madest (Tartu: H. Laakmann, 1854). Kiepert, Heinrich. Übersichtskarte der Verbreitung der Deutschen in Europa (Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 1887). Köppen, Peter. Ethnographische Karte des St. Petersburgischen Gouvernements (St. Petersburg: Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1849). Lantkharte po Latweeschu semmes (Tehrbatä: G. A. Reyhers; Mitau: C. Schulz, 1859). Langhans, Paul. Deutscher Kolonial-Atlas (Gotha: Justus Perthes, 1897). Langhans, Paul. Sprachen und Religionen in Europa und die Grenzen zwischen west- und osteurpäischer Kultur (Gotha: Justus Perthes, 1917). Latvijas Statistikas Atlass/Atlas statistique de la Lettonie (Riga: Valsts Statistika Pārvalde, 1938). Von Maydell, Kurt. Die Bevölkerung Estlands und Lettlands dargestellt in ihrem nationalen Gefüge nach dem Stande von 1934 (Estland) und 1935 (Lettland) (Leipzig: Hirzel, 1940). Von Maydell, Kurt and G. von Bornkam, Die Verbreitung der Deutschen in Estland und Lettland auf Grund der amtlichen Volkzählungen von 1934 (Estland) und 1935 (Lettland) (Berlin: Leopold Kraatz, 1940). Meiershof, Seidlitz. Hypsometrische Karte Ehstland’s and Nord Livland’s (Dorpat: G. Schulz, 1876). Mellin, Ludwig August. Atlas von Liefland, oder von den beyden Gouvernementern u. Herzogtümern Lief- und Ehstland, und der Provinz Oesel (Riga: Johann Friedrich Hartknoch, 1798). Mirkovich, M. F. and A. F. Rittikh. Ethnograficheskaia karta slavianskikh narodnostei (St. Petersburg: Slavianskoe blagotvoritel’noe obshchestvo, 1875). Plan Sankt-Petersburga. Raspredelenie
ploshchadi goroda na odnogo zhitelia (St. Petersburg: Kartografiheskoe zavedenie A. Iľina, 1868). Rittikh, Aleksandr F. and Pompei N. Batiushkov. Atlas Narodonaseleniia ZapadnoRusskago Kraiapo Veroispovedaniiam (St. Petersburg: Tipografiia V. Bellinga 1864). Sbornyi list spetsial’noi karty Zapadnoi chasti Rossii (St. Petersburg: Voennotopograficheskoe delo, 1844). Schultz, Ernst Wilhelm Woldemar. Maa kaardi-ramat kus sees 16 Maa Kaarti (Tartu: R. Jakobi et Komp, 1859). Šiliņš, Matiss. Rīga līdz ar apvidu (Riga: Μ. Šiliņš; A. Štāla litogrāfijā, 1896). Šiliņš, Matīss. Latwijas skolu karte (Riga: Μ. Šiliņš; A. Štāla litogrāfijā, 1896). Sitska, Jaan. Archäologische Karte von Liv, Est- und Kurland (Jurjew/Dorpat: H. Laakmann, 1896). Šiliņš, Matīss. Mandžūrijas—Korejas karalauku speciālkarte (Riga: Schnakenburg, 1904). Šiliņš, Matīss. D-Mandžūrija un Koreja: Tālie Austrumi (Riga: Schnakenburg, 1904). Šiliņš, Matīss. Latvija. Etnogrāfiski pēc tautisko uzvalku un rotaslietu līdz šim ievāktiem materiāliem (Riga: Aleksandra Štāla litogrāfija, 1930). Tomasik, M. I. Nagliadnaia karta Evropeiskoi Rossii, 2nd edn (Warsaw: Aktsionernoe obshchestvo S. O. Orgeľbranda, 1903). Zuev, N. I. Podrobnyi Atlas Rossiiskoi Imperii (St. Petersburg: Tipografiia 1.1. Glazunova i Komp., 1860). Newspapers and Periodicals (Only Multiple References) Altbass kalendārs Balss Baltijas Vēstnesis
BIBLIOGRAPHY 223 Baltische Monatsschrift Das Inland Daugavas Vēstnesis Düna Zeitung Geograficheskie izvestiia Latviešu Avīzes Libauische Zeitung Lietuvēns Otchet RGO Pamiatnaia knizhki Vitebskogo gubernii Postimees Rigascher Zeitung Segodnia Vestnik IRGO Vilenska Vestnik Zapiski IRGO Zeitungfur Stadt und Land Published Primary Sources Aksakov, Ivan. Sochineniia, vol. 3 (Moscow: 1886). Aksakov, I. S. Polnoe sobrante sochinenii, vol. 6, Pribaltiiskii vopros vnutrenniia dela Rossii (Moscow: M. G. Bolchanov, 1887). Andreev, E. and K. Stepanov, Kratkii uchebnik geografii Rossii dlia nachaľnykh narodnykh uchilishch (Riga: K. G. Zikhman, 1912). Arbeiten und Ergebnisse des Ersten Deutsch-Baltischen Lehrertages am 3. und 4. August 1907 in Riga (Riga: Verlag von G. Löffler, 1907). Ausgewählte Werke aus dem Verlage von Franz Kluge in Reval (Reval: Aug. Mickwis, 1918). Ber [Baer], K. Μ. Ob etnograficheskikh isledovaniiakh voobshche i v Rossii v osobennosti’. Zapiski RGO 1-2 (1849): pp. 73-90. Bericht über eine am 22. October 1864 auf dem Gute Jensel probeweise ausgeführte Volkszählung (Dorpat: Druck Karow, 1865). Berkholz, Georg. ‘Geschichte des Wortes “baltisch”’. Baltische Monatsschrift 29 (1882), pp. 519-30. Bielenstein, August. Die lettische Sprache: nach ihren Lauten und Formen erklärend und vergleichend dargestellt (Berlin: Ferd. Dümmlers Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1863). Bielenstein, August. Handbuch der lettischen Sprache (Mitau: Fr. Lucas’ Buchhandlung, 1863). Bielenstein, August. Die Elemente der lettischen Sprache (Mitau: J. E Steffenhagen und Sohn, 1866). Bielenstein, August.
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Nationalarchiv, 2016). Dvatsatipiatiletie Kartograficheskogo zavedaniia A. Il’ina, 1859-1884 (St. Petersburg: A. Venke, 1884). Eastlake, Elizabeth. A Residence on the Shores of the Baltic. Described in a Series of Letters (London: John Murray, 1841). Erkert [Erekért], Rodrig E Vzgliad na istoriiu i etnografiiu zapadnykh gubernii Rossit (St. Petersburg: Dorn pizreniia maloletnykh bednykh, 1864). Ethnograficheskii atlas Evropeiskoi Rossii sostavlennyi Petrom Keppenom (St. Petersburg: Aľfaret, 2008). Ezavitau, Kaustus’. Belarusy й Latvii (Riga: Vydanne Belaruskaga Vydavetstva u Latvii, 1927). Francev, Vladimir Andrejevič. Korespondence Pavla Josefa Šafaříka, vol. 1, Vzájemné dopisy P. J. Šafaříka s ruskými učenci (1825-1861) (Prague: Česká Akademie Věd a Umění, 1927). Gatsinskii, Aleksandr S. Sborník v pamiať pervogo russkogo statisticheskogo s’ezda 1870 goda (Nizhnii Novgorod: Tipografiia Nizhgorodskago Gubernskago Pravleniia, 1875). Goba, Alfrēds. ‘Skolas devums latviešu sētai’. Sējējs, no. 6,1 June 1940, pp. 565-76. Gūtmanis, Jānis. Kolonistu dzīve São Paulo valsti Brazilija (Riga: L. Jakavičiaus, 1906). Von Heyking [Hanking], Alfons Baron. Statistische Studien über die ländlichen Zustände Kürlands (Mitau: Fr. Lucas, 1862). Howard, Esme. Theatre of Life: Life Seen from the Stalls, 1905-1936 (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1936). Hurt, Jakob. Über die Pleskauer Esten oder die sogenannten Setukesen (Helsingfors: Finnische Literaturgesellschaft, 1904). Jordan, Paul Eduard. Die Resultate der Volkszählung der Stadt Reval am 16. November 1871 (Reval: Kluge and Strohm, 1874).
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 225 Von Jung-Stilling, Friedrich. Beitrag zur Statistik der evangelisch-lutherisch LandvolkSchulen in Livland (Riga: A. Stahl, 1879). Von Jung-Stilling, Friedrich. Ein Beitrag zur Livländischen Agrarstatistik: aus dem Material des livl. Landraths-Collegiums (Riga: Müllersche Buchdruckerei, 1881). Von Jung-Stilling, Friedrich and Wilfried Anders. Ergebnisse der baltischen Volkszählung vom 29. December 1881. Kartographische Darstellung der Bevolkerungdichtigkeit in der Stadt Riga (Riga: Stahl’sche Buchdruckerei, 1883). Kallas, Oskar. ‘Üks surew eesti rahwa oks’. Postimees, nos. 206-23, 15 September-5 October 1895. Kallas, Oskar. Lutsi maarahvas (Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 1894). Kallas, Oskar. Kaheksakümmend Lutsi maarahva muinasjuttu (Jurjev/Tartu: Schnakenburg, 1900). Katalog der lettischen ethnographischen Ausstellung verfasst bei Gelegenheit des X. archäol ogischen Congresses in Riga 1896: aus dem Lettischen übertragen (Riga: Kainin Deutschmann, 1896). Kemps [Skoborga], E ‘Latgalijas nokutne’. Drywa, по. 30, iss. 327, 12 October 1916, pp. 1-3. Keppen, Petr. О proiskhozhdenii, iazyke i literature litovskikh narodov (St. Petersburg: Tipografiia Karla Kraiia, 1827). Keppen, Petr. Ukazatel’ к karte iuzhnogo Krymą, prinadlezhashchei к Krymskomu sborníku Petra Keppena (St. Petersburg: Imperatorskaia Academia Nauk, 1836). Keppen, Petr. О sushchnosti statistiki (St. Petersburg: Tipografiia Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, 1840). Keppen, Petr. O chiste zhitelei v Rossit, v 1838 gody (St. Petersburg: Tipografiia Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, 1840). Keppen,
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Index Note: Locators that refer to maps and other cartographic material are presented in boldface type. Key place names with different language versions are listed under each variant. Individuals are listed under their most commonly used name. Academy of Sciences 3,41,48-9,52 as audience for maps 33,42.146,149 funding for mapmaking 16,34-5,37-8, 53,56,146 research interests of 35,39,46,183 administrative borders and ethnographic mapping 42,91,142,175 aesthetics of ethnographic cartography. See map design Agnew, John (cited) 192 A. Il’in’s Cartographic Establishment (St. Petersburg) 82-4,144,152 A. Kaspari printing and lithographic firm (St. Petersburg) 84-7 Aksakov, Ivan 93 Arsen’ev, Konstantin 61 A. Stahl Printing House (Riga) 156 Atbalss kalendārs (Šiliņš) 156-60 Atlas of the Ethnological-Geography of Present and Prehistoric Latvian Lands (A. Bielenstein, 1892) 143-7,148,157 Atlas ofEurope (Desjardins, 1837) 23,27 Atlas ofFinland (1899) 156 Atlas of the Population of the West-Russian Territory According to Confession (Rittikh, 1864) 100 audiences,map 17,80,208,219 Baltic 51,105-6,150 German 107,147 Latvian 155-60 popular 17,33,80,132,147,150,155-8,161, 167,175 scholarly and scientific 33,48-9,51,91, 129,150 See also distribution and sale of maps; reading maps authorship, cartographic 15,30,88,140,144,145 Baer, Karl Ernst von 34-5,47 Bagration, Prince Petr Romanovich 58,64,66 ‘Baltic’, use of 6-8,103-4 Baltic Germans ‘Baltic Question’ and 92-3,119 in Baltic society 7-9,71,98,125,133,136,165, 181,197 complex identities of 7,114-15,118,136,139 as ethnographic cartographers
106,135-6, 140,149,163,172,174 ‘Germanness’ of 8,95,97,118,119,220 in imperial Russian society 9,34,43,96-8, 114-15,118,147 as map readers 105-6 on maps 102,220 Baltic languages, classification of 8 Baltic provinces 6-10,133,165,181-2 as borderland 10,92-93,110,119-20,121, 123-4,131 definitions of 6-8,103-4 as‘German space 107,109,122,185,220 literacy rates in 10,74,150,160,205 as ‘Polish’ space 112-17,113,185,219 Russian Empire and 93,95-9,102,104,119, 147,174 as ‘Russian’ space 102-4,106-7,108 serfdom and land use in 9-10,52,95,98,136, 168,197 ‘Baltic Question’ 93,95-9,101,102-7 geographical orientation of 111,132 and the‘German Question’ 118-24,121 and the ‘Polish Question’ 112-16,113,117 Baron, Nick (cited) 169 Belarus, territory and borders of 7,58,115,143, 178,183-5,188,191,217 Belarusian (language) 74-5,139,217-19 Belarusian People’s Republic 188,191,217-18 Belarusians (ethnolinguistic group) 64,103,182, 183,217 classification of 68n,69,72,74,76 on maps 65,102,139,162,188, plates 6, 14,15b, 16 ‘Polishness’of 112 Berkholz, Georg 7
258 INDEX Bielenstein, August 133,163 biography 137-8 collaboration with Julius Döring 139,141 family role in mapmaking 143-6,145 identity as‘Baltic German’ 139,149,174 and isogloss linguistic mapping 135, 146-7,148 study of Latvians 137-9,140,142-3,174 See also Atlas of the Ethnological-Geography of Present and Prehistoric Latvian Lands·, Latvian Dialects in the Present·, Latvian Language Area in 1884; Map of the Latvian Language Area ca. 1860 Beilenstein, Emil Louis Johann 144,148. See also Latvian Dialects in the Present Bielenstein, Martha Luise Sophie 144-6,145, plates 12,13. See also Latvian Language Area in 1884; Map of the Landscape and Geographical Borders of the Latvian Language Area, c. 1250 Bock, Waldemar von 92 Bodianskii, Osip Maksimovich 29-30,37 Borderlands of Russia, The (Samarin, 1868) 98 border regions, mapping 73,100,102,191 -2, 196,205,206,209,plates 18,20 borders, new state. See Estonian-Latvian Boundary Commission Borders of the Latvian Ethnic Group and the Latvian Language in the Present and 13th Century (A. Bielenstein, 1892) 143 Brückner, Martin (cited) 17,150 Brüggemann, Karsten (cited) 10,12,96,104 bureaucratic knowledge and mapmaking 60-4, 71,75,79-80,89-91,130 cadastral maps 43,62,196 cartographers. See mapmakers cartographic aesthetics. See map design cartographic authorship 15,30,88,140,144,145 cartographic entrepreneurship. See economics of mapmaking cartographic literacy 13,17,149-50,161,175, 180,204,215 teaching 152-55,154 cartographic print culture 60,84,149-52, 155-60,175,179-80 cartographic printing. See map printing and publication
cartographic symbols 64,142,208 cartography in the Russian Empire (general) 1, 13-14,20,23,30,32,63,180. See also ethnographic cartography; mapmaking cartouche 15,23,30,88,144,145 Case, Holly (cited) 93,122 Catholics and Catholicism ethnolinguistic classifications of 59,69,74,76, 77,114,116,175 influence of, in Baltic provinces 58,76,111 mapping 76,100,103,112,128,175 onmaps 100,103,112,127,plate8 ‘Polishness’ of 111,112,114,124 censorship of maps 32,48,151,197 censuses and ethnographic data 71-3,130 All-Russian census (1897) 73,128-9,150, 160n, 186,194 Baltic census (1881) 64,72,75,194 provincial Baltic censuses 71,73,128 Valga/Valka town census (1919) 194-5 See also ethnographic research and data Central Statistical Commission 1,61,62,73,80 choropleth mapping 109-10,113,114,116,117, 118-20,121,123-24 chromolithography 81 -2,86,87 Coen, Deborah (cited) 94,134 colonialism and ethnographic cartography 13-14,103,134,162,167,172-4 colour, use of 5,37,49,94, plates 9,10 to define areas of specific groups 22,32,42, 55,64,65,70,162,193,196, plates 2,5 to draw reader’s attention 39,103,107,109, plates 2,5 to highlight associations and similarities 103, 112,140,141,plate9 to minimize groups 102,107,108 to show boundaries and difference 112,162, 192, plates 7,8,15 to show mixed populations 43,52,70, plates 10,18 symbolic choice of 102-3,107,109,188,198, 205, plate 18 See also map design colour, as print technology. See map printing and publishing Commission for Studying the Tribal Composition of the Population of Russia (KIPS) 183 ‘counter-mapping’ 179,204-8,206,207 Czoernig, Karl
von 1,23 Danilevskii, Nikolai 92 Daston, Lorraine (cited) 2,43 data, ethnographic. See ethnographic research and data data visualization maps as 1-2,17,28,63,93-4,128,208 minimization of groups through 5,43,77, 163,199 simplification of complex ideas through 50, 147,188,208
INDEX Daugavpils (Dinaburg/Dvinsk/Dwinsk) 59,69, 181,183,185,191,217 Desjardins, Constant 23,27 Detailed Atlas of the Russian Empire (Zuev, 1860) 45-6 Detailed Map of the Russian Empire (1801-16) 28,33 Detailed Map of the Western Part of the Russian Empire (Schubert, 1826-39) 27,32 Deutschtum (‘Germanness’) 122-3 dialects, mapping 28,42,44,50-2,139-43,141, 146-7,148,163,164,174 Dinaburg (Daugavpils/Dvinsk/Dwinsk) 59,69, 181,183,185,191,217 Dinsbergs, Ernests 151,157 displaced populations 181-2,194,195 distribution and sale of maps 32,33,82,91,152, 155-7,175 Döring, Juhus 139-40,142. See also Map of the Latvian Language Area ca. 1860 Dorpat (lur’ev/Tartu) 103,128-30,151,182, plate 10 Duchy of Courland 6,12,112,114,167-8 Dvinsk (Daugavpils/Dinaburg/Dwinsk) 59,69, 181,183,185,191,217 Economic-Statistical Atlas ofEuropean Russia (Köppen, 1843) 29 economics of mapmaking 56-7,146 commercial viability of maps 33,91, 146,156-9 costs of mapmaking 84-9 institutional support for mapmaking 33-4, 38-9,46-7,91 See also map printing and publishing Edney, Matthew (cited) 13,59,70,174n empty spaces on maps 39-40,50,52,199, plates 2,5 Erekért, Roderich von 112-14,113. See also Ethnographic Atlas of the Provinces Inhabited Wholly or Partially by Poles Estland (Estliand) 7,37,46,52-3,55,91,96,150, 152,181-3,191 Estland Provincial Typography 82 Estland Statistical Committee 73,75,105,128 Estonia 91,160,182,186,187,191,196,212,214, 219-20, plate 17. See also EstonianLatvian border (1920); Estonian-Latvian Boundary Commission; Valga/Valka Estonian-Latvian border (1920) 176-8,180,183,
209,210-15,plates 17,18,19 Estonian and Latvian positions on 192-3, plate 17 259 See also Estonian-Latvian Boundary Commission; Valga/Valka Estonian-Latvian Boundary Commission 179 British Foreign Office and 195-6,210-12 counter-maps submitted to 204-8,206 petitions to 200-9,210 use of ethnographic cartography 196-99 See also Estonian-Latvian border (1920); Valga/Valka Estonian independence 178,181,184-5,195, 200,215 Estonian (language) development of written 136 on maps 141,142,162,192, plate 17 maps published in 137,150-2,180 speakers 73-5,91,128,129,132,136, 169,182 Estonian nationalism and national identity 165,175 Estonians (ethnolinguistic group) 125, 130-33,169 classification of 76,91,96,136,170 identity as 73-5,91,131,172,178 mapping 76,105 on maps 37-8,44,52,54,55,65,70,102,122, 126,129,162,193, plates 2,3,10,15b, 18 Estophiles 136 ‘ethnicity’ erasure of, on maps 76-7,114 mapmakers and 5-6,104,114,116,120,131,179 mapping 74,76,116,117,125 proxies for 42,74,76,129 and territory 22,110,182,216 ethnographers. See ethnography in the Russian Empire Ethnographic Atlas ofEuropean Russia (Köppen, 1848) 32-3,37-8,48-9,56, plate 3 Ethnographic Atlas of the Provinces Inhabited Wholly or Partially by Poles (Erekért, 1863) 112,113,114 ethnographic cartography 2,4-6 knowledge creation through 47,49,56,64,66, 68,90,147,173 models of 23,41 nationaľquestions’ and 23,93-4,100,107, 110,121,122,123 politics and 76,93-4,100,102-6,147,192 public health and 128-30 social relations of 26,30-1,54,85-9 and social inquiry 125 and visual narratives 22,94-5, 111, 140,174, 204-5,208,215 See
also ethnographic maps; intertextuality of ethnographic cartography; mapmakers
260 INDEX Ethnographic Map of the Baltic Territory (Rittikh, 1873) 102-3,112, plate 7 Ethnographic Map of the Belarusian Tribe (Karski, 1903) 139,191 Ethnographic Map ofEurope (Desjardins, 1837) 27 Ethnographic Map ofEuropean Russia (Köppen, 1851) 30,33,44,48-9,81,102, plate 2 design and format of 22,38-40,42,45,49-50 influence of 56,106 reception of 48-52 Ethnographic Map ofEuropean Russia (Rittikh, 1875) 106-7,108,plate 9 Ethnographic Map ofFinland (Köppen, 1846) 41-2,44,52,53,platel Ethnographic Map ofFinland (Russwurm) 53 Ethnographic Map of Russia (Petermann, 1878) 107,109,122 Ethnographic Map ofSt. Petersburg Province (Köppen, 1849) 43,44,186, plates 5,6 Ethnographic Map of West-Estland (Russwurm, 1855) 55 Ethnographic Map of Vitebsk Province (Sementovskii, 1872) 60,91,146,163, 166, plate 6 and mapping ‘nationahty’ 73-7 production of 84-9 ethnographic maps 4-5,22-3 as commercial products 33,91,146,156-9 as data visualization 1-2,17,28,50,63,64,76, 93-4,107,125-8,147,188 distribution and sale of 32,33,82,91,152, 155-7,175 and ideas of nationhood 156,173,219 and imagined or potential territory 51,93-4, 105,134,151,185-91,187,189,190 as ‘knowledge’ 28,37,50,94,102,150,158, 185,192 lack of access to 48-9,151,160,197 as material objects 33,150,155,163,179 and national consciousness 158,163,165,180 ‘objectivity’of 4-5,18,101,105,142 in print culture 60,84,149-52,155-60, 175,179-80 in schools 84,149,153,167,175,217-19 as specialist reference works 33,48 storytelling through 22,94-5,111,140,174, 204-5,208,215 as strategic resource 100,184 titles of 6,49,103,161 See also
audiences, map; economics of mapmaking; intertextuahty of ethnographic cartography, map design; map production and printing ethnographic maximalism in maps 109,142-3, 161-2,162,174,186,188,192 ‘ethnographic principles’ for drawing state borders 191,193,198,199,209,214 opposition to 203,205,211 ethnographic research and data availability and quality of 67,74,130,182 ethnographic expeditions as 25,40,44-5,72, 101,143,155,169-70 fieldwork and collection of 66-7,70-2, 135-6,211 interpretation and transformation of 5,17, 42-3,69-70,74,76-7,105,129 manipulation of 116,186,210 reliability of 42,67,182,194-5,200 standardization of 64,76 statistical paperwork of 68-70,173 types of 6,42,68,73,194,199 visualization of 28,50,63,64,76,93-4,107, 125-8,147,188 See also censuses and ethnographic data ethnography in the Russian Empire 35,40-1,44, 47,66-7,72,74,173 ethnolinguistic groups, mapping borders of 42,50,119,123,161,178,192,200, 205,216 relative prominence of 45-6,109 subdividing 44 extra-territorial populations on maps 118,169-72 Finnish (language), on maps 42 Finno-Ugric groups 53-4 Finno-Ugric studies 40-1,44,111 Finns (ethnolinguistic group), on maps 42,52, 156, plates 1,7 First World War and ethnographic cartography 181,182,195,214 Fujikane, Candace (cited) 161 Fuss, Pavel Nikolaevich 33,37 Galison, Peter (cited) 2,43 Gatsinskii, Aleksandr 68,79-80,88 General (Political and Physical) and Geological Map ofLatvia (Šiliņš, 1891) 162, 164,166 Geographical and Statistical Atlas of Poland (Romer, 1916) 116,117,185 geographical knowledge. See cartographic literacy ‘geographical
sketches’ 119-20 geo-body’ 11,188,191 Geographical Society. See Russian Geographical Society
INDEX German Associations and Association Schools in the Russian Baltic Provinces (Langhans, 1908), plate 11 German Colonial Atlas (Langhans, 1897) 122-3 German Colonisation in the Slavic East (Langhans, 1897), plate 11 'German Depressions in the Slavic Lands’ (Rittikh, 1885) 121 German (language) in Baltic provinces 95,123 on maps 23,120,122,162, plate 11 maps published in 35,51,101,107,123,141, 147,152,174 scholarly communication in 31,54,135 speakers 52,73,105,118-19,128,129, 135-36 and identity 73,74,118 ‘German Question’ 118-25,121 ‘Germanness’, as identity and cultural marker 118,122-3,147 Germans (ethnolinguistic group) on maps 42,43,46,52,74,102,107,108,109, 118,120,121,123, plates 3,7,10,11 and Russian Empire 92-3,102,107,135-6, 147,149,181 See also Baltic Germans;‘German Question’ ‘good’ map, what makes a 18,89,158 Govorskii, Ksenofont Antonovich 67 groups minimized or excluded from maps 5,43, 69,77,103,163,173,194,199 hand-drawn maps 44,53,145,146,205,206, 207,208, plate 3 Haslinger, Peter (cited) 51,203 ‘heartland’, idea of ethnic territorial 170 Heimat 118,139 Herder, Johann Gottfried 135 historical territory and identity 175,194. See also ‘phantom borders’ households, mapping 71,75,129,130,178, 194,196-200 Humboldt, Alexander von 22 Hurt, Jakob 170 identity historical territory and 175,194 language and 73-5,135,202 other issues of 182,185,203,205 religion and 51,74,104,114,116,124, 202,219 Il’in family. See A. Il’in’s Cartographic Establishment (St. Petersburg) Imperial Russian Geographical Society. See Russian Geographical Society 261 Imperial St. Petersburg
Academy of Sciences. See Academy of Sciences immigrant communities, mapping 125,199 ‘influence’, mapping 116,122-4,173,202 ‘inorodtsy 40,47,52,102 institutional support for mapmaking 38-9, 46-7,91,101 International Statistical Congress (1872) 1-2,73 intertextuality of ethnographic cartography 18,205 collaboration of mapmakers 27-31,140 copies and translations of maps 29,52-4,53, 107,109,151 new editions of maps 106-7,108 references to content or techniques 116,117, 162-3,180 isogloss mapping 135,144,147,148 lur’ev (Dorpat/Tartu) 103,128-30,151,182, plate 10 Jelgava (Mitau/Mitava) 103,137,143,150,151 Jews and Jewish communities ethnolinguistic classification of 51,74,199 ‘Germanness’of 74,181 mapping 76-8 on maps 43,46,51,65,70,77,102,103,114, 127,129, plates 6,7,10 Jõekalda, Kristina (cited) 122,136 Jordan, Edward (Eduard) Paul 73-4,75,126, 127,128 Kallas, Oskar 72,169-70 Karskii, Efim Fedorovich (lauchim Federavich Karski) 139,183-4,191 Kaspari, Al’vin Andreevich 84-7 Keating, Jennifer (cited) 39 Kemps, Francis (Fraņcs Kemps) 160,183 Khan, Manuil Alekseevich (Hahn) 85-8 Kiepert, Heinrich 23,122 Kivelson, Valerie (cited) 17,208 ‘knowledge’ bureaucratic, and imperial knowledge economy 60-1,68,130 mapping to create 47,49,56,64,66,68,90, 147,173 maps as tool to represent and communicate 37,50,94,102,150,158, 185,192 necessity of, to govern empire 40,52,58,100 ‘useful’and‘valuable’ 46,67,192 Köppen, Peter von (Petr Ivanovich Keppen) 23, 44,45,53,60,94,111,147, plates 1, 2,3,4,5 approach to ethnographic cartography 42
262 INDEX Köppen, Peter von (Petr Ivanovich Keppen) (cont.) biography 24-7 correspondence with Šafařík 27-31,54 identity as “Russian-German” 31,40,99 navigation of funding sources 35,38-9, 46,56-7 use of map commentaries 27,34,38,43,49,56 See also Ethnographic Atlas ofEuropean Russia; Ethnographic Map ofEuropean Russia; Ethnographic Map ofFinland; Ethnographic Map ofSt. Petersburg Province Körber, Bernhard 128-30 Kurland (Kurliand) 7,44,72,91,110,133,160, 165,181 A. Bielenstein and 139-40,143,146,149,150 map readers in 157-8,160 on maps 103,113,117,142,151,160,162,170, 172,175,185,plates 8,15 Polish influence in 111-17,113,117,185,219 Kurland Statistical Committee 63,82 Laakmann, Heinrich 180 Labbé, Morgane (cited) 61 Ladnou, laugen (Evgenii Ladnov) 191 Langhans, Paul 122-3, plate 11. See also German Colonisation in the Slavic East language areas, mapping 29,139,140-3,141, 146-7,161-3,plates 12,13.Seealso ethnolinguistic groups, mapping language borders, mapping 50-1,74,142-3, 161-2,162,plate 17 languages of map publication 29-30,35,37, 150-2,156,158,163 language, spoken. See spoken language Languages and Religions in Europe (Langhans, 1917) 123 Latgale region 69,115,158,163,183,207, 217-18,plate 16 Latgalian (language) 13,59,75,160 Latgalians (ethnolinguistic group) 69,160,169, 174,175,183, plate 6 Latvia 133-5,151,160-2,165,173,182,186,188, 189,190, plates 15a, 15b. See also Estonian-Latvian border (1920); Estonian-Latvian Boundary Commission; Valga/Valka Latvian (language) 59,135,136-9,149,211 on maps 139-43,147,148,161-3,162,164, 173-5, plates 12,13 maps published in
150-2,155,173-4,219 print culture 155-61,163,167 speakers 9,74,91,160,197,202 Latvian Dialects in the Present (A. Bielenstein and E. Bielenstein, 1892) 147,148 Latvian Ethnographic Exhibition (1896) 133-4, 137,173 Latvian independence 178,181,184-5,193,195, 200,215 Latvian Language Area in 1884 (A. Bielenstein and Μ. Bielenstein, 1892), plate 13 Latvian Literary Society 136-8,140,174 Latvian nationalism and national identity 165,175 Latvian-Russian Boundary Commission, petitions to 205,207,208 Latvians (ethnolinguistic group) 122, 125,133-5 as audience for maps 157-9 ‘colonies’ of outside the Baltics 167-72,168, 169,171 identity as 131,172-3 mapping 140,174 on maps 65,102,114,160,162,168,172-3, plates 2,3,6,7,15b, 18 as objects of study 29,46,69,103,130-2,136, 138-40,143,169,172 Le Foll, Claire (cited) 78 learned societies and map production 120, 136-7,159 legends, map 38,51,64,65,70,78,141,197 Letters from Riga (Samarin, 1848) 97 Lettish. See Latvian (language) Lettophiles 136,137,150,159 Letts. See Latvians (ethnolinguistic group) linguistic mapping 139-43,141,146-9,148 lithography 34,80-2,86,87-9. See also map printing and publishing Lithuania 7-8,58,115,174-5,178,185. See also Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth; North-Western Territory Lithuanian (language) 8,25n, 139,151,175 ‘Lithuanian-Latvian ethnic land’ in Map ofLatvia (Šiliņš, 1890) 162, plate 14 Lithuanians 29,103,175,182,183 on maps 65,70,102,112,114,120,139,141, 160,188, plates 7,8,14,15b, 16 Livland (Lifliand) 7,9,44-6,72,92,96,119, 181,197 division of, into Estonia and Latvia 176, 182,191 mapping 62,67,69,71,91
on maps 37-8,103,136-7,142,150,151,160, 162,170,175, plate 3 See also Latvia; Valga/Valka Livonians 102, 111, 118,140,141,142, plate 7
INDEX local knowledge and mapmaking 51,63,68-9, 71,179,204-8,206,207, plates 3,19 Lutherans and Lutheranism in Baltic provinces 9-10,62,95-6,103 ethnolinguistic classifications of 69,75 and ‘Germanness’ 118,124 on maps 42,103,122,127, plates 1,8 Lutskevitch, Anton 191 Manasein, Nikolai 119,160 Manteuffel, Gustaw (Gustav von Manteuffel) 115 map cartouche 15,23,30,88,144,145 map commentaries 19-20,91,102,207 Peter Köppen and 27,34,38,43,49,56 map consumption. See audiences, maps map design 22,94,111,120,142 empty spaces in 39-40,50,199, plates 2, 5 colour and. See colour, use of graphics and pictorial symbols in 142,166, 188,190,208, plate 11 hatching and patterns in 81,103,144,159, 162,191,193, plates 8,15b map frame and centre 111, 163,plate 3 orientation in 208 and usability 37-8,66,71,159 visual narratives and 22,94,111,120,142 map legends and symbols 64,142,208 map literacy. See cartographic literacy mapmakers 5-6,14,56-7,159 churchmen as ethnographers and 66,135-6, 138,143 collaboration and social networks of 27-31 individual citizens as 179,204-8 positionality of 208 provincial bureaucrats as 79-80,89-91 as querists’ 94-5,122-4,130 as storytellers 22,94-5,111,140,174,204-5, 208,215 subjectivity of 43,103,105,142 women as 144-6 mapmaking, sites of domestic 143-6,145 local 179-80,204-7 provincial 61-4,71,75,79-80,89-91 Russian Geographical Society 34-6 mapmaking as collaborative endeavor 27-31,35, 88-9,140,144,145,146 mapmaking processes base maps, use of 29,33,37-8,43,198,212 drafting and editing 38,43,65,70,144, 145, plate 4 See also ethnographic research and data; map
design; map printing and publishing 263 Map ofAsia (Šiliņš) 167-73,168,169,171, plate 16 Map ofEstonia (Estonian delegation to Paris Peace Conference) 186,187 Map ofEstonia (Laakmann, 1919) 180 Map ofEuropean Russia 153 Map ofLatvia (Šiliņš, 1890) 157-8,160-3,162, plate 14 Map ofLatvian Colonies in Vitebsk Province from General (Political and Physical) and Geological Map ofLatvia (Šiliņš, 1891) 166 Map ofLatvian Dialects from General (Political and Physical) and Geological Map of Latvia (Šiliņš, 1891) 164 Map ofLines of Communication ofLatvia (1919) 186,188,189f Map of the Baltic Territory according to Confession (Rittikh, 1873) 103,112,plate 8 Map of the Grand Duchy of Finland (Eklund, 1840) 41 Map of the Landscape and Geographical Borders of the Latvian Language Area, c. 1250 (Μ. Bielenstein) 145, plate 15a Map of the Latvian Land (Šiliņš, 1911) 162, plates 15a, 15b Map of the Latvian Language Area ca. 1860 (A. Bielenstein and Döring, 1881) 140, 141,142-3,163,164 Map of the Population ofLatvia According to Nationalities (1919) 188,190 map printing and publishing 31,54 costs of 33-4,37-39,57,84,87-88,150 engraving 29,30,34,38,77,81,83,84, 86-7,144 hand-drawn maps 145,146,205,206,207, 208, plate 3 lithography and chromolithography 34,80-2, 86,87-9 printing industry 60,81-2,84-9,144, 152,156 sites of 81-2,89-90,120,146,150-2, 156,162 See also map design; mapmaking maps. See ethnographic maps map scale and size 30,42,70,77,94,124,130, 178,198 Materialfor the Ethnography ofRussia: The Baltic Territory (Rittikh, 1873) 101-3,112, plates 7,8 maximalism in ethnographic maps
109,142-3, 161-2,162,174,186,188,192 McGranahan, Carole (cited) 110,123 migration, issues ofin mapping 51,77,128
264 INDEX Military Topographic Depot 3,27,31,43, 82,151 minority populations, mapping 77-8,102,162, 173,213,219-20, plate 15b. See also national ‘questions’ and ethnographic cartography Mitau (Mitava/Jelgava) 103,137,143,150,151 mixed marriages and ethnolinguistic identity 73,75 mixed populations, mapping challenges of 43,51-2,77 disappearance of groups during 43,199 examples of 70,102-3,108,109,113, 117,188,190,199, plates 1,4, 5,6,8, 10,15b, 18 unmixing through 193,198,214 mobile populations, mapping 77,197 multi-ethnic communities 124-5,128,130, 131,199-200 multi-ethnic empires, issues of 10,23,46,214 multi-ethnic regions 100,102,131,176,199 See also mixed populations, mapping; colour, use of multilingualism and identity 73,75,135 Nadezhin, Nikolai 47 národnosť 40,42,73 national boundaries, imagined 172,185 national consciousness and maps 158,163, 165,180 ‘nationality’ concepts of 73,120,182,196,218 as ethnographic data 6,73,194-5,200 language and religion as proxies for 6,73-6, 128,129 mapping 23,73,76,124,128,130,219 on maps 126,196,198 narodnost’ and 40,42,73 self-reporting of 73,194,201-2 territory and 178,196-7,199,203,214, 218-19 ‘triangulating’ 73-6,124,129 national ‘questions’ and ethnographic cartography 23,93-4,100,107, 110,121,122,123 nationhood and territory 2,20,51,173,175,196, 204,215 ‘native’language 50,76,116,174 non-national spatial relationships 203,205 North-Western Territory 58,91,98,100-1, 110-14,113,151,160 collecting ethnographic data in 66-9,70,76 regional atlas of (proposed) 64,66,78-80, 89-91 Ober Ost territory 181,182 onomastics 41 Orthodox and
Orthodoxy (Russian) in Baltic provinces 96,101,119 ethnolinguistic classification of 68,69,73,74, 77,100,120,122,170 on maps 42,62,100,103,127,128, plates 1,8 ‘Russianness’ of 10,58,73,96,124 Overview Map of the Spread of Germans in Europe (Kiepert, 1887) 122 Pale of Settlement 9,77,181 Pan-Germanism 29,93,118,119-20,123 Pan-Slavism 29,93,107,110,118,119-20, 122,123 Paris Peace Conference (1919) and EstonianLatvian border 185-91,187,189,190, plate 17 peasantry (Baltic) 9,71-2,98,136,138,188, 197,207 identities of 96,116,188 Petermann, August 107,109,122. See also Ethnographic Map of Russia Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen (Langhans) 123 Petronis, Vytautas (cited) 174 Pezold, August Georg Wilhelm 45,72 ‘phantom borders’ (Phantomgrenzen) 110-12,219 place names on maps 43,94,103-5,107,140, 142,150,160,161 Poles and Polish influence in Baltic provinces 100,110-12,114,115 Poles on maps 102,112,113,116,117, plates 6,7,15b Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, legacy of 110-12,115,124,185 Polish-Lithuanian Uprising (1863-64) 58, 100,110 Polish Livonia (Inflanty) 115,142 ‘Polish Question’ 111-16,113,117 population density, issues of 63,77-8,124,125, 129,167,199, plate 10 Potapov, Aleksandr Lvovich 58-9,61,64,79 print culture, cartographic 60,84,149-52, 155-60,175,179-80 printing industry (cartographic). See map printing and publishing property ownership and ethnographic cartography 194,196,199,203,204, plate 18 Provincial Statistical Committees 58,61 ֊4,73, 76,82,89-90,105,182. See also ethnographic research and data
INDEX Psianchin.Aibulat (cited) 5 Pskov province 13,44,169,170,183,186 public health and ethnographic cartography 128-30 public participation in drawing new borders 200-9,206,207, plate 19 Ramaswamy, Sumathi (cited) 153 R. Cillis lithographic firm (St. Petersburg) 87-9 readers, map 17-18,50,56 mapmakers’ assumptions about 30,161 reactions to maps 50-2,105-6,149,159 See also audiences, map; cartographic literacy refugees 181-2,194,195 religion as ethnographic data 42,51,68,73 and identity 51,74,104,114,116,124, 202,219 mapping 71,101,128 on maps 103,112,123,127,219, plate 8 as proxy for ethnicity and nationality 6, 74,76,129 research, ethnographic. See ethnographic research and data Reval (Tallinn) 73,75,126,127,128,150 reviews of maps 50-2,105-6,159 Riga map readers in 133-4,173-4 on maps 63,105,163,188 printers in 150,156,162 Riga Latvian Society 133,149,155,157, 160-1,174 Ritterschaften 7,96,139,175 Rittikh, Aleksandr Fedorovich (Alexander Friedrich Rittich) 99-100 map designs 71,102-3,107,108,112,120, 121, plates 7,8,9 methods 101,105,114,120 and nationaľquestions’ 101-7,112,114, 119-20,124 reception of maps 105-7 as Russian nationalist and Slavophile 100-5,119-20 See also Ethnographic Map of the Baltic Territory, Ethnographic Map ofEuropean Russia·, ‘German Depressions in the Slavic Lands’; Map ofReligions in the Baltic Territory Roma 51,65,70,76,77 Romer, Eugeniusz 14,115-16,117,123,185,220. See also Geographical and Statistical Atlas ofPoland Russia and Europe (Danilevskii, 1869) 92 265 Russian (language) dialects and variants of 28 and identity 74,97,100 on maps
50,101,102,140,141, plate 1 maps published in 29,30,33-5,37,38,51, 100,103,114,152,153,154,160,207 as official language 9,97,119,152 speakers 9,50,74,75,100,129,194,195 Russian Empire Baltic provinces and 10,93,95-9,102,104, 119,147,174 and governance of non-Russian borderlands 58,102,104,110-12,119, 147,165 and need for knowledge of people and territory 3-4,40,47,59,60,199 Russian culture and identity in 95,97,119,134 Russian Geographical Society ethnographic research and mapmaking and 22,44-5,49,66-67,72,100-1, 106,149 funding of 25,34,39,56-7,169-70 as social space for 35-6 mission and research interests of 35,39, 44-7,62,101 perception of, in Baltic provinces 105-6 ‘Russian-Germans’ 31,99 Russiannationalidentity 10,40,47 Russian Orthodoxy. See Orthodox and Orthodoxy (Russian) Russians (ethnolinguistic group) 47,50,99, 118,173 in Baltic provinces 101-2,103,125, 129,188 on maps 39,42,65,77,101,102,107,110,114, 126,162,168, plates 1,6,7,10,15b Russwurm, Carl Friedrich 52-4,53,55 See also Ethnographic Map ofFinland; Ethnographic Map of West-Estland Šafařík, Pavel Joseph (Pavol Jozef Šafárik) 26-31, 32,37,50,54 Samarin, Iurii Fedorovich 92,96-9,102,103, 104,119 Sámi (Lapps) on maps 42, plate 1 Schirren, Carl 92,98-9,103,106 ‘schismatics’ 68-9 schools, maps and atlases in 84,149,153,167, 175,217-19 and ideas of national belonging 163,180 and teaching cartographic literacy 151-5 Schubert, Friedrich Theodor (Fedor Fedorovich Shubert) 27,32-3 Schulten, Susan (cited) 94
266 INDEX Schunka, Alexander (cited) 19 Seegel, Steven (cited) 11,12,14 Semenov, Petr Petrovich 1 -2,22 Sementovskii, Aleksandr Maksimovich 58-9, 63-4,73,90-1 and mapping nationality 74-6 and mapping urban areas 77-8,129 and proposed Atlas ofNorth-Western Region 64-70,65,79-80 publication of his maps 80,82,84-9,146 See also Ethnographic Map of Vitebsk Province serfdom and land use in the Baltic provinces 9-10,52,95,98,136,168,197 Seto people (Pskov) 170,183 Šiliņš, Matīss 133 as ‘Latvian’ cartographer 135,152,155-6, 160-2,162,170,173-4 as map publisher 156-60,175 and mapping Latvian ‘colonies’ 167-72,168, 169,171 use of earlier ethnographic maps 163,164 See also General (Political and Physical) and Geological Map of Latvia; Map ofAsia; Map ofLatvia; Map ofLatvian Colonies in Vitebsk Province; Map ofLatvian Dialects; Map of the Latvian Land Sjögren, Anders Johan 41,45,72 Slavic languages, mapping 28-9,52 Slavic-Settled Territories (Šafařík, 1842) 29-30 Slavic World, The (Mirkovich and Rittikh, 1885) 119-20 Slavophiles 93,95-7,102,104-5,119 Slavs (Slavic peoples) 29,39,40,50,52,107,121 social cartography 124-30,126,127 social relations of ethnographic cartography 26, 30-1,54,85-9 socio-economic relations and ethnographic cartography 188,191-2,194,205,211 spatial logic of maps administrative boundaries 37,63,90-1,111 map frame and centre 11 !, 163 scale and unit of mapping 44,77,94,124, plate 18 spoken language as ethnographic data 73,194 and identity 73-5,135,202 ‘native’ 50,76,116,174 as proxy for ethnicity and nationality 74,126, 128,161 Sreznevskii, Izmail Ivanovich
30,50-1,57 St. Petersburg 25,48,80,97,119,149,165,183 and Baltic provinces 10,45,104,151 mapmakingin 31,32,52,90,125,128 printing industry in 60,81-4,85,88-9,144 St. Petersburg province 13,41,43,44,45,183, 186, plates 1,4, 5 state-budding and ethnographic cartography 178,185,188. See also Estonian-Latvian Boundary Commission statisticians and ethnographic mapmaking 23, 59,62,63,72,74,80,89 statistics and mapmaking. See ethnographic research and data Stoler, Ann Laura (cited) 110,123 storytelling through maps 22,94-5, 111, 140, 174,204-5,208,215 Swedes (ethnolinguistic group) 42, plates 1,3,7 coastal 44,45,46,52-4,55 Tallents, Stephen 195,200,211-13. See also Estonian-Latvian Boundary Commission Tallinn. See Reval (Tadinn) Tartu (Dorpat/Iur’ev) 103,128-30,151,182, plate 10 teaching mapmaking 153-5,154 territory and‘belonging’ 110,204,209,215 territory in ethnographic cartography ethnicity and 22,110,182,216 nationality and 178,196-7,199,203, 214,218-19 nationhood and 2,20,51,173,175,196, 204,215 spatial frameworks of 5,23,94,110,165,167, 172,192,214 thematic mapping 22,33,56,64,81,94,100, 147,167 topographic maps 27,48,70,94,136 as base maps for ethnographic mapmaking 29,31-3,37-8,43,plate3 toponyms 43,94,103-5,107,140,150, 160,161 Treaty of Brest Litovsk 184,217 urban communities, mapping 77,78,124-5, 129-30,188,190,196,199 usabdity of maps 30,37-8,71,159. See also map design Uvarov, Sergei 97 Valga/Valka 176,180 division of 211-15 and Estonian-Latvian Boundary Commission 193-5,196,198-200 as multi-ethnic community 198,200, plate 17 Ventsei’, Karl Karlovich (General) 32-3
INDEX vernacular cartography 150-2,156,158. See also languages of map publication vertical space, mapping 200 visualization of ethnolinguistic data. See data visualization visual language of cartography 30,196,205,208 Vitebsk (Viciebsk) 58-60,63,75,142,143 Jewish population of 76-8,129 Vitebsk province 13,59,72,110,115-16,142-3, 160,165,169-70,183,185,205 mapping 60,65,68-70,72,73-8,80 on maps 117,141,151,162,163,166, plate 6 See also Ethnographic Map of Vitebsk Province 267 Vitebsk Provincial Typography 82 Vitebsk Statistical Committee 59,67-9,75,79, 82,86-8,163 Vol’ter, Eduard (Eduard Volters) 169,183-4 Walk. See Valga/Valka western borderlands 58,110-16,113,117, 181-2 Winichakul, Thongchai (cited) 11,105 Woodworth, Bradley (cited) 12 Zāmuēls, Voldemārs 200 Zuev, N. I. 45-6 - --------- ---------- Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| author | Gibson, Catherine 1990- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1256313017 |
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| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Gibson, Catherine 1990- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
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| classification_rvk | ND 8570 NP 6002 KI 1040 RQ 20214 |
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| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 305 - Groups of people |
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| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Soziologie Geschichte Slavistik Geographie |
| discipline_str_mv | Soziologie Geschichte Slavistik Geographie |
| edition | First edition |
| era | Geschichte 1840-1920 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1840-1920 |
| format | Map |
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| geographic_facet | Baltikum Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV047909174 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:30:51Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:24:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780192844323 |
| language | English |
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| physical | xii, 267, 28 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
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| spelling | Gibson, Catherine 1990- Verfasser (DE-588)1256313017 aut Geographies of nationhood cartography, science, and society in the Russian imperial Baltic Catherine Gibson First edition Oxford Oxford University Press 2022 xii, 267, 28 ungezählte Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent sti rdacontent cri rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford studies in modern European history Geographies of Nationhood examines the meteoric rise of ethnographic mapmaking in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as a form of visual and material culture that gave expression to territorialised visions of nationhood. In the Russian Empire's Baltic provinces, the development of ethnographic cartography, as part of the broader field of statistical data visualisation, progressively became a tool that lent legitimacy and an experiential dimension to nationalist arguments, as well as a wide range of alternative spatial configurations that rendered the inhabitants of the Baltic as part of local, imperial, and global geographies. Geographies of Nationhood treads new ground by expanding the focus beyond elites to include a diverse range of mapmakers, such as local bureaucrats, commercial enterprises, clergymen, family members, teachers, and landowners. It shifts the focus from imperial learned and military institutions to examine the proliferation of mapmaking across diverse sites in the Empire, including the provincial administration, local learned societies, private homes, and schools. Understanding ethnographic maps in the social context of their production, circulation, consumption, and reception is crucial for assessing their impact as powerful shapers of popular geographical conceptions of nationhood, state-building, and border-drawing. Geschichte 1840-1920 gnd rswk-swf Nationalism / Baltic States / History Language and culture / Russia / History Kartografie (DE-588)4029823-1 gnd rswk-swf Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 gnd rswk-swf Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Ethnology / Research / Methodology Ethnology / Russia / History / 19th century Ethnology / Russia / History / 20th century Cartography / Russia / History / 19th century Cartography / Russia / History / 20th century Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 g Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 s Kartografie (DE-588)4029823-1 s Geschichte 1840-1920 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033290981&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033290981&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033290981&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Gibson, Catherine 1990- Geographies of nationhood cartography, science, and society in the Russian imperial Baltic Nationalism / Baltic States / History Language and culture / Russia / History Kartografie (DE-588)4029823-1 gnd Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4029823-1 (DE-588)4078931-7 (DE-588)4004379-4 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Geographies of nationhood cartography, science, and society in the Russian imperial Baltic |
| title_auth | Geographies of nationhood cartography, science, and society in the Russian imperial Baltic |
| title_exact_search | Geographies of nationhood cartography, science, and society in the Russian imperial Baltic |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Geographies of nationhood cartography, science, and society in the Russian imperial Baltic |
| title_full | Geographies of nationhood cartography, science, and society in the Russian imperial Baltic Catherine Gibson |
| title_fullStr | Geographies of nationhood cartography, science, and society in the Russian imperial Baltic Catherine Gibson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geographies of nationhood cartography, science, and society in the Russian imperial Baltic Catherine Gibson |
| title_short | Geographies of nationhood |
| title_sort | geographies of nationhood cartography science and society in the russian imperial baltic |
| title_sub | cartography, science, and society in the Russian imperial Baltic |
| topic | Nationalism / Baltic States / History Language and culture / Russia / History Kartografie (DE-588)4029823-1 gnd Ethnologie (DE-588)4078931-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nationalism / Baltic States / History Language and culture / Russia / History Kartografie Ethnologie Baltikum Russland |
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