The workers' opposition in the Russian communist party: documents, 1919-30
"The Russian Workers' Opposition in 1919-21 advocated trade union management of the Soviet economy and worker dominance of the Russian Communist Party's leading bodies. The Workers' Opposition in the Russian Communist Party: Documents, 1919-30 comprises articles, speeches, theses...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Leiden ; Boston
Brill
[2021]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Historical materialism book series
volume 236 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "The Russian Workers' Opposition in 1919-21 advocated trade union management of the Soviet economy and worker dominance of the Russian Communist Party's leading bodies. The Workers' Opposition in the Russian Communist Party: Documents, 1919-30 comprises articles, speeches, theses, memoranda, protocols, resolutions, letters, diary entries, and other documents pertaining to the activity of the Workers' Opposition group during its existence and of its individual former members after the group dissolved and until its key members ceased their participation in dissenting political activities by 1930. Most of the documents in the collection have never before been published in English and many have not been published in Russian. It will appeal to those who study Marxism, trade unions, and Soviet history." |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 944 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9789004248502 |
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Contents Acknowledgements xi Explanatory Notes xii Abbreviations and Acronyms Introduction xv і і Background to the Trade Union Debate, March 1919-Autumn 1920: The Workers’ Opposition in Formation 11 1 Economic section of RCP(b) programme, point 5, adopted at the Eighth Congress of the Rcp(b), March 1919 29 2 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Specialists’ 29 3 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Wages and Labour Productivity’ 33 4 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Production and Productivity’ 36 5 A.G. Shliapnikov,‘Industrial Productivity’ 38 ' 6 A.G. Shliapnikov’s report to a meeting of the All-Russian Metalworkers’ Union (vsrm) central committee, the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions (VTsSPS), and other union personnel, Autumn 1919 41 7 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Tasks of the Russian Proletariat’s Economic Organisations’ 43 8 A.M. Kollontai’s diary notes, January-February 1920 46 9 Speeches by Iu.Kh. Lutovinov and A.S. Kiselev at the Ninth Congress of the Rcp(b), March-April 1920 49 10 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Relations between the Russian Communist Party, the Soviets, and Production Unions’ 59 11 Speeches by Iu.Kh. Lutovinov, S.P. Medvedev, I.I. Kutuzov, and A.M. Kollontai at the Ninth Conference of the Rcp(b), September 1920 63 12 Iu.Kh. Lutovinov’s proposals to the Ninth Conference of the RCP(b), September 1920 73 13 N. Kopylov, ‘That Which Needs to be Destroyed: “Higher-ups” and “Rank-and-File”’ 74 14 A.M. Kollontai’s diary notes, circa October 1920 78 15 Theses presented to some party cells and to the central committee of the All-Russian Metalworkers’ Union in the autumn of 1920 78 16 Iu.Kh. Lutovinov, Letter to
Ukrainian Comrades, 23 October 1920 82 17 Remarks by I.N. Perepechko, Antonov, and G.E. Zinoviev at the Fifth
CONTENTS 18 19 20 Conference of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine (cp(b)u), 17-22 November 1920, Kharkov 84 Letter from G.E. Zinoviev to I.N. Perepechko, 26 November 1920, with excerpts from Perepechko’s letter to Zinoviev 93 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Tasks of Workers’ Unions’ 95 Circular of the All-Russian Union of Metalworkers Communist Faction Bureau about organising party cells in the provinces, Moscow, 16 December 1920 109 The Trade Union Discussion, December 1920-March 1921: The Workers’ Opposition as a Fully-Formed Legal Faction 112 1 A.G. Shliapnikov’s speech at the Eighth Congress of Soviets, Moscow, 30 December 1920 128 2 Theses of the Workers’ Opposition: Tasks of Trade Unions 137 3 Iu.Kh. Lutovinov, Report to the All-Russian Trade Union Council (VTsSPS) on the work of the November-December 1920 trade union commission 147 4 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Economic Organisation and Unions’ Tasks: For Discussion’ 154 5 A.M. Kollontai, ‘Time to Analyse’ 157 6 A.M. Kollontai’s corrections to the Theses on Party Building 160 7 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Our Intraparty Disagreements’ 161 8 A.G. Shliapnikov’s speeches to the Communist Faction of the Second All-Russian Congress of Mineworkers 165 9 N. Kopylov, ‘Mistake or Urgent Task?’ 172 I о N.M. Tikhonravov, Supplement to the Theses of the Workers’ Opposition about the Tasks of Trade Unions 176 II Polosatov’s and Kuznetsov’s speeches at the Fourth cp(b)u Conference of Donetsk gubernia, 16-18 February 1921 180 12 Documents from Samara about the debates over party building, culture, and the tasks of trade unions, February 1921 186 13
[A.D.] Sirotin, ‘Theses for the Report about Party Building’, Eighth Samara Gubernia RC p(b) Conference, January 1921 191 14 ÍU.K. Milonov, ‘Theses: the Content of our Cultural Work’, Eighth Samara Gubernia Rcp(b) Conference 198 15 Iu.K. Milonov, ‘Trade Unions and their Role in the Economic life of the Country: Theses of a Report to the Eighth Samara Gubernia Conference of the RCP(b)’ 201 16 Speeches, Resolutions, Materials, and Declarations Relating to the Workers' Opposition at the Tenth Party Congress, March 1921 206
CONTENTS 17 VII Iu.K. Milonov, ‘Assembly of Former Underground Party Members during the Tenth Party Congress’ 289 3 From the Ban on Factions through the Eleventh Party Congress, 1921-2: Former Worker Oppositionists Respond to the New Economic Policy and to Repression Against Them 292 1 A.M. Kollontai’s diary entries, March-April 1921 333 2 Appeals of the Worker-Peasant Socialist Party led by Vasily Paniushkin, early 1921 337 3 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘To the Fourth Congress of the All-Russian Metalworkers’ Union (vsrm)’ 343 4 A.G. Shliapnikov, Our Economic Policy and Practice’ 345 5 Speeches protesting against party appointment of Metalworkers’ Union leaders; protocols of the rcp cc’s commission, the bureau of the communist faction, and the communist faction of the congress; and other materials relating to the Fourth Congress of the Metalworkers’ Union in May 1921 351 6 A.M. Kollontai’s speech to the Third Comintern Congress, 5 June 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1921 375 A.M. Kollontai’s diary entries, July-August 1921 379 Letter from A.G. Shliapnikov to S.P. Medvedev, 28 June 1921 382 Letter from A.G. Shliapnikov and S.P. Medvedev to the Politburo and VTsSPS, July 1921, protesting VSNKh decrees 383 Letter from [A.G. Shliapnikov] to comrade [N.S] Mamchenko, 6 July 1921 388 Letter from F.A. Mitin to S.P. Medvedev, summer 1921 389 Letter from A.G. Shliapnikov to F.A. Mitin 394 Protocol and resolution from a meeting of Rcp(b) members who had belonged to the Workers’ Opposition, 8 July 1921 396 Resolution offered by Aleksei Sovetov to the delegates’ assembly of the Bauman district
Rcp(b) organisation, 29 July 1921 416 Letter received by Ukrainian comrades in 1921 from a former member of the Workers’ Opposition, perhaps Ivan Perepechko 417 Letter from Levit of the Kommunistische Arbeiter-Partei Deutschlands (kapd) to AG. Shliapnikov, 30 August 1921, and Shliapnikov’s signed response, 31 August 1921 419 Excerpts from speeches at the All-Russian Union of Metalworkers central committee plenum, 17-21 October 1921 421 Iu.Kh. Lutovinov’s speech to the Eleventh Party Conference, 19-22 December 1921, and related party documents 432
VIII ig 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 CONTENTS Undated minutes from a meeting of the Workers’ Opposition or the 22 436 A.G. Shliapnikov’s letter to the Politburo about the Genoa conference, February 1922 438 Protocol of a 10 February 1922 meeting of a group of 25 delegates to the Fifth All-Russian Congress of Metalworkers and other minutes from meetings of those who would sign the Letter of the 22 439 Letter of the 22 to the Comintern, signed by Shliapnikov, Kollontai, et al. 460 Comparison of those signing the Letter of the 22 and the theses of the Workers’ Opposition 462 Selected Speeches at the Meeting of the Rcp(b) Faction of the Fifth Congress of the Metalworkers’ Union, 2-7 March 1922 464 Letter from Z.L. Shadurskaia to the Politburo, 8 March 1922 489 Letter from S.P. Medvedev to the Orgburo, 9 March 1922 490 A.G. Shliapnikov’s correspondence regarding the 22, March 1922 492 Party Central Control Commission (ccc) questioning of the 22, 17 March 1922 500 Letter from V.L. Paniushkin in support of Shliapnikov and Medvedev, on the eve of the Eleventh Party Congress 516 N. Kopylov,‘For a United Party’ 516 Eleventh Congress of the rc p(b), March-April 1922, Published Speeches at Open Sessions, Unpublished Speeches at 2 April 1922 Closed Session, Published Resolution and other Materials Relating to the Former Workers’ Opposition 521 A.M. Kollontai’s diary entries on the appeal of the 22 and on the Eleventh Party Congress 6x8 Letter from A.M. Kollontai to the Comintern Executive Committee, copying the Politburo 622 Letter from A.M. Kollontai to the editorial
board of the ‘Communist Worker Newspaper’ of Germany, requesting that it cease publication of her brochure, Rabochaia Oppozitsiia, 22 September 1921 623 Iu.K. Milonov, On the Way to a Worker Encyclopedia: Instead of a Preface’ 623
CONTENTS IX 4 Fonner Worker Oppositionists in the Debates of the ne p Era and During the First Five-Year Plan, 1922-30 642 1 Letter from S.P. Medvedev in Berlin to A.G. Shliapnikov in Moscow, 26 September 1922 670 2 Iu.Kh. Lutovinov’s Speech at the Twelfth Rcp(b) Congress, 17-25 April 675 S.P. Medvedev’s Notes from 6 December 1923, Possibly from a Private Talk Given in Moscow by a German Communist 678 N.A. Kubiak’s speech to the Thirteenth Party Conference, 17 January 1924 679 A.G. Shliapnikov, Our Differences’, Pravda, 18 January 1924 681 Resolution Proposed by A.G. Shliapnikov and Others from the Former Workers' Opposition, [January] 1924 697 A.G. Shliapnikov’s Speeches at the Second Khamovniki District Party Conference, Moscow, 7-10 January 1924 698 S.P. Medvedev, ‘Letter to a Baku Comrade’, 1924 722 Letter from S.P. Medvedev in Moscow to A.G. Shliapnikov in France, 27 December 1924, and A.G. Shliapnikov’s Answering Letter, Dated 7 January 1925, written in Paris 738 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Features of the Current Moment: About Results of the Fourteenth Party Conference’, with S.P. Medvedev’s Suggested Changes, May 1925 749 A.M. Kollontai’s Diary Notes, February 1926 and November [1927] 761 Letter from I.I. Nikolaenko, Kiev [to A.G. Shliapnikov and S.P. Medvedev], circa 1926 763 Letter from A.G. Shliapnikov, Moscow, to [I.I. Nikolaenko], 12 May 1926 765 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘About a Demonstrative Attack and the Rightist Danger in the Party’ 768 Letter from A.G. Shliapnikov and S.P. Medvedev to the ccc Presidium and the Politburo of the cc ѵкр(Ь), 17 September 1926 783 Letters
from A.G. Shliapnikov and S.P. Medvedev to the Politburo, cc, and ccc VKp(b), October 1926 784 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Letter to the Editor’ 799 Undated Letter from Unknown Person (Perhaps Marira Trifonova), to Which Shliapnikov Replied in a 19 July 1927 Letter 802 Letter from Aleksandr [Shliapnikov] to Unknown Person, 19 July 1927 805 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Lessons of Intraparty Struggle’ 809 1923 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
x CONTENTS 21 22 23 24 25 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘For Industrialisation and For Socialism’ 816 A.G. Shliapnikov,‘Letter to the Editor’ 819 A.G. Shliapnikov’s Letter to the Bureau of the Omsk District (Okrug) Party Committee, 4 April 1930 820 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘A Big Mistake by a Small Group in Omsk’, 28 February 1930: Excerpts 821 Letter from A.G. Shliapnikov and S.P. Medvedev to the ccc, 28 April 1930, with a Copy to the Politburo 821 Biographical Glossary Bibliography 898 Index 912 825
Bibliography Newspapers and Journals Bolshevik Izvestiia Izvestiia TsKRKP(b) Luch Metallist Pravda Archives Hoover Institution Library Archives, Stanford University, California. Archives of the Soviet Communist Party and Soviet State: Microfilm Collection, Russian State Archives of Social and Political History (Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sotsialnopoliticheskoi istorii - rgaspi). State Archive of the Russian Federation {Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv RossUskoi Federatsii ֊ garf) fond 130 fond 382 fond 5451 Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom) Commissariat of Labour (Narkomtrud) Bureau of the Communist Faction of the All-Russian Council of Trade Unions fond 5469 Central Committee of the All-Russian Union of Metalworkers Central Archive of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation ( Tsentralnyi arkhiv Federalnoi Sluzhby Bezopasnosti RossiiskoiFederatsii - TsA fsb) Кз37!8 d. 499061, Moscow Group of the "Workers’ Opposition’ (56 vols.) vols. 3-4, investigatory materials on A.G. Shliapnikov voi. 5, investigatory materials on S.P. Medvedev voi. 12, material evidence on A.G. Shliapnikov voi. 13, material evidence on S.P. Medvedev voi. 14, material evidence on I.I. Nikolaenko, Shliapnikov, Medvedev, and others vols. 36-43, materials confiscated from S.P. Medvedev Russian State Archive of Social-Political History (Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sotsialno-politicheskoi istorii - rgaspi)
BIBLIOGRAPHY 899 fond շ Lenin (Ulianov) Vladimir Ilich, 1870-1924 fond 5 fond 17 Secretariat of V.I. Lenin, 1917-24 Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1898, 1903-91 fond 44 Ninth Conference of the Russian Communist Party, 1920 fond 47 fond 48 fond 76 fond 82 fond 95 Eleventh Conference of the Russian Communist Party, 1921 Eleventh Congress of the Russian Communist Party, 1922 Dzerzhinsky, Feliks Edmundovich, 1877-1926 Molotov, Viacheslav Mikhailovich, 1890-1986 Communist Faction of the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions, fond 99 1918-24 Communist Faction of the Central Committee of the All-Russian Metal workers’ Union, 1918-25 fond 134 fond 304 Kollontai, Aleksandra Mikhailovna, 1872-1952 Shliapnikov, Aleksandr Gavriilovich, 1885-1937 fond 589 fond 593 Commission of Party Control, 1934-52; Committee of Party Control (kpk), 1952-91 opis 3, delo 9102 Medvedev, Sergei Pavlovich opis 3, delo 9103 Shliapnikov, Aleksandr Gavriilovich Twenty-Third Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, 1966 fond 671 Ezhov, Nikolai Ivanovich, 1895-1938 Central Archive of Social Movements of the City of Moscow ( Tsentralnyi arkhiv obshchestvennykh dvizhenii goroda Moskvy - TsAODM) fond 3 Moscow Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (Bol fond 63 sheviks), 1917-29 Bauman District Committee of the All-Union Communist Party, city of fond 88 Moscow Frunzensky (fmr. Khamovnichesky) District Committee of the All-Union fond 267 Communist Party, city of Moscow Primary ѵкр(Ь) organisation, Moscow State Hydroelectric Station, Kirov raion
Central State Security Archive of Ukraine (Galuzevy Derzhavny arkhiv Sluzhbi Bezpeki Ukraini - gđa sbu). fond 13 Investigative materials on cases delo 1078 Investigative materials on the case of the counterrevolutionary organisation ‘Workers’ Opposition’ in Ukraine, Kiev, 1937 Central State Archive of Public Organisations of Ukraine ( Tsentralnyi derzhavnyі arkhiv hromadskykh obiednan Ukrainy - TsDAHO)
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910 BIBLIOGRAPHY Smith, Stephen A. 1983, Red Petrograd: Revolution in the Factories, igiy-igiS, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sochor, Zenovia A. 1988, Revolution and Culture: The Bogdanov-Lenin Controversy, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Sorenson, Jay 1969, The Life and Death of Soviet Trade Unionism: ւցղ-ւցշ8, New York: Atherton Press. Thatcher, Ian D. 2003, Trotsky, London/NY: Routledge. Thatcher, Ian D. 2007, ‘The First Histories of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, 1904-6’, The Slavonic and East European Review, voi. 85, no. 4:724-52. Thompson, John M. 1981, Revolutionary Russia, 1917, NY: Scribner. Thorpe, Wayne 1989, 'The Workers Themselves’: Revolutionary Syndicalism and Interna tional Labour, ւցրց-ւցշց, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic. Tostorff, Reiner 2016, The Red International of Labour Unions (rilu), ідго-ідзу, trans lated by Ben Fowkes, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. Tsakunov, S.V. 1994, V labirinte doktríny: iz opýta razrabotki ekonomicheskogo kursa strany v ідго-е gody, Moscow: Rossiia Molodaia. Tucker, Robert C. 1990, Stalin in Power: The Revolution from Above, ւցշՏ֊ւցդւ, NY: W.W. Norton Co. Turton, Katy 2007, Forgotten Lives: The Role ofLenin’s Sisters in the Russian Revolution, і8б4֊ідду, NY: Paigrave Macmillan. Viola, Lynne 1996, Peasant Rebek Under Stalin: Collectivisation and the Culture ofPeas ant Resistance, London/NY: Oxford University Press. Viola, Lynne 2007, The Unknown Gulag: The Lost World of Stalin’s Special Settlements, London/NY: Oxford University Press. Wachtel, Andrew 1998, Petrushka: Sources and
Contexts, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. Wade, Rex 1984, Red Guards and Workers’ Militias in the Russian Revolution, Stanford: Stanford University Press. Wade, Rex 2000, The Russian Revolution, igiy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Weissman, Benjamin M. 1974, Herbert Hoover and Famine Relief to Soviet Russia, 1921ідгЗ, Hoover Institution Press. Werth, Nicholas 2007, Cannibal Island: Death in a Siberian Gulag, translated by Steven Rendali, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. White, James D. 2018, Red Hamlet: The Life and Ideas ofAlexander Bogdanov, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. Wildman, Allan 1967, The Making of a Workers’ Revolution: Russian Social Democracy, і8ді-ідоз, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Zenkovich, Nikolai 2002, Samye zakrytye liūdi: entsiklopediia biografii, Moscow: OlmaPress. Zguta, Russell 1978, Russian Minstrek:A Hktory of the Skomorokhi, University of Penn sylvania Press.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 911 Zhuravlev, Sergei 2000, Maleńkie liudi і bokkaia istoriia: inostrantsy Moskovskoga Elektrozavodavsovetskom obshchestve ig2o-i930֊khgg., Moscow: rosspen. Unpublished Works Memorial Society Index, Moscow, Russia. Rakov, T.N. 2012, ‘Rabochaia oppozitsiia v RKP(b)’, diplomnaia rabota, Iaroslavsky gosudarstvennyi universitet. Sandu, Tatićuia Anatolevna 2006, 'Rabochaia oppozitsiia’ v RKP(b) (1919-1923), kandidatskaia dissertatsiia, Tiumensky gosudarstvennyi universitet. Spencer, Scott Sherwood 1981, ‘A Political Biography of Alexander Shliapnikov’, M. Litt, thesis, Oxford University.
Index This index includes entries for people, institutions, places, and subjects discussed in the main text of the book. From the biographical glossary, only key entry names are indexed. If a person assumed a different name by which they were better known, the assumed name is indexed and the birth name is inserted in brackets. Brackets also envelop first names and patronymics or ini tials of which I am unsure. Parentheses are used for abbreviations and acronyms of institutions, shortened forms of personal names, and information identifying individuals whose first names are not known. 1905 Revolution 12,271,517,761 1917 Revolution 1-2, u-14,34,37,48,50,52, 96,122-3,129,159, 207, 323,444-5.475. 477,480, 490, 517, 567, 606, 620, 679, 751. 763. 780 February (March) 96,422,759,769 July 782,793 October (November) 14,32,36,50, 52,89, 98, no, 160,181,226,244,280, 338-40, 343, 345, 422, 717, 727, 771, 781, 799-801, 809, 811, 815 Achinsk 668 Africa 757 Aglt-Rosta 54 Agranov, Iakov 662 agrarian 94,713 agriculture 40,45, 62,79-80,125,143,155, 175,193-4, 23Յ. 255,269,280,292,2945,342,346-50,408,427,525,530-1, 625,642,652,665,690,696,704-5, 713,715-16,718,727-30,739-40,742-3, 752-5,760,767,770-2,810,817-19 agricultural bank 755 agricultural cooperatives 767 agricultural machines and tools 40,125, 145,342,718,817 development of agriculture 255,690, 704-5,727-8,752,754-5,770,818-19 market-gardening 45 tractors 255 see also collectivisation, Commissariat of Agriculture Aleksandrov (city) 176,464 Alekseev, M.G. 283-4,474 All-Russian Central Trade Union Council (VTsSPS)
18-22,25,27,33,37,41-3,45, 50-1,56,58, 60, 66,118-19,120 1շ8,132, 13б, 142,147-53,157,163,169, U9, 222, 253,258,263-4,296-300,304-5, 31314, 322, 324, 360-1, 369, 373-4, 383-4, 396,398-9, 422-3,425-6, 431, 43б, 451, 467, 479-Տօ, 674, 777 communist faction 18,21,50-1,56,119, 147-53,369,373-4,422,431 gubernia trade-union council(s) 183, 296-7,396,415,423,425,456, 473 All-Russian Council of National Economy (VSNKh) 3,11,15-17,19,25, 28,45,1034,106-7,130-2,135-6,142,146,148,151, 155,157,159,179,256,258,261,29-6, 306,308,311-14,341,370-1,383, 385-7, 389,394-5,398,422,463,529, 587, 662, 765,771 Electric Department ( Glavelektro ) 313, 427-9, 467,479 glavk(i) 15,45,51,120,131,135,146,171, 17Յ, 175,179,257,261,355,415,426, 435՜ 6, 447, 456,472, 525 Metals Department (Glavmetall) 173, 313-14,425-9,451,467,527,529 Mining Council 146 Textiles Committee (Glavtekstil) 261 sovnarkhoz(es) 19,45-6,110,148,151, 179, 254,259,392, 456,479 American Relief Administration (ara) 293 American workers 313-14,429-30,473, 732 Amsterdam 777,779,783 International of Trade Unions 783 anarchism, anarchists 3-4,54, 64,89,124, 127,190,206,208-10,235,271-2,275, 289,318,324,338,533,566, 599, 601, 610,627, 631 anarcho-syndicalism 4-6,127,206, 267,
913 INDEX 284-5,409, 500, 507, 518, 603, 612, 617, 684, 813 anarcho-syndicalist deviation 127,206, 267,284-5,4°9 603, 612 see ako syndicalism Andreev, Andrei Andreevich 22,25-7,116, 118-19,147-8,152-4,261,266,321,425, 441,475.479.550.580, 825 animals 34,39,196, 402,633,665 cattle 45,80,718,740,818 dogs of capital 445 goats 76,538 horses 172,238,406, 718, 754,818 scapegoat 51,136,329,538,660,668,780 sheep 76,417,538,694 swine (figurative) 259,261,401,404,409 wolf in sheep’s clothing 694 antiparty 54,311-12, ЗЗ2,530,556. 570,59°, 594,596-8, 601-2,606,608,653,657, 667-8,787 Antipov, Nikolai Kirillovich 440,825-6 Antonov, [Isaif Pavlovich?] 84-5, 88, 90, 93-4,283-4,621,826 Antonov-Ovseenko, Vladimir Aleksandrovich 332,562,590-З, 680,826 Anzhero-Sudzhensk 661 appointmentism 73, 82,158,160,203,211, 230,281,313,323,423,426,647 arbitrary, arbitrariness 293,324,411,452 Armand, Inessa 48 army 11,14,17,22,44,47, 64, 88,101,123,191, 208,228,230,330,349,488-9,491,522, 494,522, 530, 565-6, 569, 575, 577, 622, 624, 627-8, 635, 643, 673, 698 First Army 575 French army 330,537 labour armies 17,19,25,47,524 Makhno’s army 64, 67 Red Army 14, 23,44,88,123,208,228, 230,488,491,494,565,569-70,616, 622, 673,698 Red Army Militaiy Academy 698 Seventh Army 575 tsarist army 566 artel(s) 349,714 Artem [Sergeev, Fedor Andreevich] 22, 25,118,222, 251,297,299-300, 582-3, 827 Artemevsky 803 artisan(s) 4,59,552 see ako handicrafts(men) Arutiuniants, S. 146,271,463,827 Asia 667,775 Central Asia 667 Astrakhan 29,575,577 automobile(s) 40,70,102,150-2,172,266, 335,380,405 Autoworkers’ Union 35 Avanesov, Varlam
Aleksandrovich [Suren Karpovich Martirosian] 212,256,827 avant-garde 127,181-3 aviation factories 146 Aviation Industry Board 462 Avilov-Glebov, Nikolai see Glebov-Avilov, Nikolai Azerbaijan 652-4,723,770 Azerbaijani Cheka 652 Azerbaijani Oil 723 Azerbaijani Party Control Commission 653-4 Communist Party of Azerbaijan (Bolshev iks) 770 Babkin, I.P. 457,460,542, 827-8 Bakhmut 391,440 Baklnsky rabochy 653 Baku 651-4,656-7,661, 669,722-6, 768, 770,781, 785-6,789-92,794-8 Baku opposition 651-4, 656-7, 661, 669, 768,770,781,786,789-92,795-6, 798 Letter to a Baku Comrade 651-4,656, 722-37,768,770,785-6,788,792,794՜ 5,797-8 Balandin 466-8 Baltic Sea Fleet (Baltflot) 123,336,741 banks, banking 12, 98,292,527,551, 642, 705, 755 Bannyi District 70 Baranov 449՜5օ, 457 Barchuk, Valerian 283-4,651,654,792, 828 Barsky 351,356,359,828 barter 308,346,348-50,456,752 Barulin, I. 146, 319,396,460,463,828 Bashkir 674 Bauman District 112,115-16,311, 313,416, 450.498.556.585 Bauman oppositionist group 313.416.498.556.585 112,115-16,311,
INDEX 914 bedniak, bednota see peasant(s), poor Bekrenev, V. 319,462-3,605 Belenky, Grigory Iakovlevich 67,828 Beloborodov, Aleksandr Grigorevich 22,66, շս, 828-9 Belov, A. 583 Berlin 329,402-3,432,589, 670-4 Black Hundred(s) 6 Bloc U5֊i6,180,445,652, 655,657,746-7, 751,778,784,787,797,799,806-9 Bogdanov, Aleksandr 9, И4,197,201,623, 633-4,637,644, 646 Bogdanov, Petr 436,513 Boguslavsky, Mikhail Solomonovich 829 factory owners 13,266,425,447-8, 746 functionary-bourgeois 223,226,276 grand(e) 268,567,747,759 industrial and commercial 628 intelligentsia 159,193,199,626-8, 630-1, 634,636,640 kulak 387,729,772 merchant 525 new 572,716 petty 4,55,81,84,86,91,124,128,160, 174,176,178,181,185,188,190,192-4,197, 199,204,208-10,213-15,220,223,226, 680, 229,234-5,238-40,242-3,247,261, 267-8,272,276-7,280,289,309, յո, Bolshevik(s) ı-з, 5, 9,11-15,29,52,65,84, 86,97,103,118,120,122-3,129,134, 340, 344,347,376-7,385-7, 389, 397, 401,405-6, 408-и, 413,415,418, 423, 160,293-4,307,309,323,327, ՅՅՕ, 405,407,419,480,655-6,679,6857,689,695,490,498,511,518,545,586, 600,620,679,683,685-7, 689,695, 700,702,712,720,766,771-2,7789.786-7,789-91,793-4,796-800, 816 anti-Bolshevik 2,4,189 Bolshevik party journal 655-7,751,768, 774.786-7,789-91,793-4,796-9,807 Leninist-Bolsheviks 771 Old Bolshevik u8,244,331,333-4,490, 645,663, 679, 685,688,699,709,743, 802 see also Communist Party (Russian/ Soviet); Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine; Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party Borisov, Pavel Semenovich 145,319,396, 407,448,459,461,463, 502,505,508, 543, 605, 829 Bondin, M. 462-3, 828 bourgeois(ie)
62,70,84,91,97-8,102,104, 436,442-Յ, 453,456-7, 517, 535, 560, 598-9, 601, 606, 611, 614, 616,626-7, 659,673,688,708,711,717,719,7267, 729-30, 732-3, 736, 740, 747, 750-2, 757, 759-60, 762, 765-7, 773-4, 776, 778-80, 782, 795, 798, 802, 804, 810, 813-14 revolution 625-6 world 181,199,278,612,678,723,733,756, 815 see abo capital boycott 494,565-6,603,615,622 Briansk 134,151,308,351,354,356,423,4501,458,479,498-9,504,507-8,515,524, 542,585,587,605, 714 Bruno, Genrikh Ivanovich 10,145,303,319, 328,355,363,368, 373, 431,439, 448֊ 9,457,459,461-2, 505, 543,563, 604-5, 652, 737, 743, 830 Brykov, [N.D.?] 351, 354, 364, 368, 373, 421, 423,431, 479,483, 744, 830 Bubnov, Andrei Sergeevich 67-9,222, 830-1 Budniak, F.D. Ո9,368,373,421,424,428, 139,158,170,173,177,181,192,194,199200, 204, 2Ո, 220,229,243,268,276-7, 437,444,459, 831 Budnik, [Savva Mikhailovich?] 396,424, 280,292,295,314,319,325,338-40, 347-8, 376, 387, 416,436,441-3,447, 460,518, 540,552, 572, 601, 605, 6247, 630-1, 633-4, 636, 640, 648, 673, 678, 723,726,729, 733, 756,761, 780, 796, 798, 802, 812-3, 815 encyclopedia 626 831 Bukhanov, Aleksei Alekseevich 305,354, 372-3,421,465,479,831 Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich 4,16-17,19-23, 25-26,56-8, J18--21,124-6,128,136-7, 147,157,174,203,224-5,229,234-45, 248-50,259,262-5,268,275,288,302-
915 INDEX 5.309. ЗЗД. 324-5. 329. Յ58, 361-2, 364, 375,380-1, 434, 443, 555, 589, 608, 642, 650, 653-6, 658-61, 665, 722, 751-2, 762,768,799-800, 831-2 Bulgaria 320,327,496,614,731 Bulgarian Communist Party 731 Bulkin-Semenov, Fedor Afanasevich 440-1, 832 bureaucracy, bureaucrat(s) 3,11,15-16,18, 28-30,32,38,42,45,48,53,62,74-6, 78-9, 93-5,97,104,106-10,117,122,124, 126,130-2,135,140-1,150,156,159,1634,166-8,170,173,175,179,189,192,199, 202-3,205,216-18,221,223,227,231, 241,244,246-7,253-6,260,265,269, 272,277,319, 376, 408, 418,435, 445, 461, 474,477,493, 520, 530, 558,588, 611, 614, 625, 649, 683-4, 697, 701, 755, 762,767, 782, 815 Burovtsev, M.V. 283-4 Cachin, Marcel 320,487,550,569-70,603, 611,613, 616-17, 620,622 notebook 487,550,570,616,622 Capital 634 capital(ism/ist) 13,17,30-1,34-5,38-40, 59, 96-8,106,120,133,155,165,191,194, 200,204,252,260,276,294,309,311, 322,325,342,346,349-50,375-6,378, 380,393,408,427,430,434-9,4423,445-7, 457,468-72, 474,47б֊8,481, 494-5, 513, 525-6, 528, 535, 551, 553-4, 598, би, 625-6, 630,636,652,661, 667, 686,704-5,715-17,726-8,730,740,746, 750-2,753,755-9,761,771-5,777֊9, 783, 817, 819 circulating 427, 446, 494-9,513, 525, 705, 717 entrepreneurial 434 international/foreign/world 79,81, 97,102-3,194,255,267,278,318,340, 349,376, 402, 425, 428, 435, 437-9, 442,444,477, 488,526, 535, 551, 655, 730, 740, 753, 756,773, 775, 8n, 816, 819 state 339,408,422,434,444,628,630-1, 689, 752, 774, 778 see also bourgeois, industry, and state cap italism Caspian Sea 29,575,651 Caucasus 29,450,575,654,666 North Caucasus 666 Transcaucasus 654 Cavaignac,
Louis-Eugène 779,832 Central Board of Artillery Factories 120, 374,396 Central Union of Consumer Cooperatives (Tsentrosoiuz) 435,504,751 Cheka (All-Russian Extraordinary Commis sion for Combatting Counterrevolution and Sabotage) 123,299,307,310,315, 326-7,440,486,491,494,498,518,564, 567,582-5,614-15,644,646,652 see also GPU, NKVD, OGPU, police Chelyshev, Mikhail Ivanovich 125,147,244, 319,396-7,400,406,408-9,446,449, 459,462-3,514-15,563, 604-5,613, 643-4, 652, 663,669,737,744,832֊ 3 Chemists’ Trade Union 254,722,764 Chernov, Viktor 518,588 Chemov-Grechnev, Andrei Semenovich 115, 146,303,352-Յ, 363,368,373,421,4256,431,459,463,833 children 46, 81,393,470, 665 as a metaphor 95,175 labour 757 China Communist and Nationalist Parties 658 Great Wall of 753 Chubar, Vlas Iakovlevich 302,304,351-7, 361,365,368,373,765,833-4 Chugurin, Ivan 738,834 civil war 1-3,13-15,17-19,22-3,28-9,60, 65, 77, 79,100,112-13,121,125,147,181, 185, 208,225-7,277,292-3, 295, 299, 325, 333, 518,661, 663, 751 a new ciidl war 695,736, 742,786,789, 791, 794 Caspian-Caucasian Front 29,575 Eastern Front 299 Western Front 14 see ako Revolutionary Military Council (rvs) class 6,91,94,96-7,99,138,140,158-9,171, 177-9,183,199,217-18,221,226-9,233, 243,245,267,276,278-9,282,296,329, 418, 506, 524,597, 624-6, 629-34, 702,
916 class {cont.) 711,719,724,742,752,757,760֊ 1,774, 807,817 bourgeois 626 capitalist 346 contradictions 814 creativity 279 discipline 241 enemies 59,661 essence 84,91-2,216,752 exploiter 59 feudal lord-exploiters 625 forces 711,724,761,810 hostility 139 instinct 48,157,177 interests 140,199,629, 688 line 90-1,159,171,221,226, 814 managerial class 18 nature 418 new 375,624 non-existent 329,524 opponent 630 peace 96,774 peasant 244-5,296 prejudice 385 proletariat as a 94,178,633, 638, 676, 733-4 renewal 92 ruling 198,227,624-6, 630 self-consciousness 629-30 spirit 160,220,282 stratification 81 struggle 97,339,442,629, 633,759, 767, 774,810,814 task 158 unity 280,506 war 5,60,667,774,814 will 91,179,216 working 3-4,6,17-18,37,43,47,5960, 62-3,80-1, 84, 87-90,92-3,96,98, 102,114,125,127,131,134,140,157-8,165, 176-7,181-4,192,197,199-200,204-5. 213-15,217-18,221, 223,226-9,235-6, 238,242,244-5,247-8,259-60,263, 269,276,278-9,317,330,332,344,3479,37б֊7, 385, 395, 397-8, 400, 402-3, 405, 408, 416,434, 437-8, 442,4447, 470, 476-8, 481, 519,523-5, 531-4, 536-7, 541-2, 546-8,572-3,577, 586-7, 597-8, 603-4, 607, 612, 616, 623, 626- INDEX 8, 630,632,634,668,674,678,683,685, 690-1,696,713,715,726-7,729-36, 749-50, 755-7,759, 761, 763, 765, 773, 778, 781, 786-7, 792-3,796, 798-9, 802, 811, 819 see ako bourgeois(ie), capital, encyc lopedia, estate(s), peasant(s), worker(s) clergy see religion club, discussion 260,289,442,448,522,588, 641 coal(mining) 12,39,181,313,347,393, 661, 714-15,725,771,8n, 816 see ako fuel collective farm(s) (kolkhoz) 668-9, 718-19, 754,818 collectivisation
10,659,665-8, 818-9 Commissariat of Agriculture (Narkomzem) 155,295,742-3 Commissariat of Enlightenment (Narkompros) 40, 63,73,651 Commissariat of Finance (Narkomfin) 481, 529,531,550-3 Commissariat of Food Supply (Narkomprod) 53, 63,155,209-10,222,481,532 Commissariat of Foreign Affairs (Narkomindel) 745-6,763 Commissariat of Foreign Trade 155 Commissariat of Health (Narkomzdrav) 552 Commissariat of Internal Affairs see n kvd Commissariat of Labour (Narkomtrud) 1112,38,299,324,471,481,801 Commissariat (or Committee) of the Military (Narkomvoen) 45, 63,552 Commissariat of Post and Telegraph (Narkompochtel) 551 Commissariat of Trade (Narkomtorg) 661, 765 Commissariat of Trade and Industry 801 Commissariat of Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection (Rabkrin) 53,75,218, 647, 705,765 Commissariat for Transportation and Com munications (nkps) 155,513,552-4,714, 771 Commission for State Control 218 Commission on Improving Workers’ Living Conditions 127
917 INDEX Commission on the History of the October Revolution and of the RKP(b) (Istpart) 643 Committee of Soviet Youth (Komsomol) 463 commodity, commodities 443, 673,753-4, 772 see aho producers, commodities communism 26, 60,76,78,107,109,116,142, 158-60,174-5,194 20I) 223) 228, 230, 244, 25Յ. 265, 276. 282, 318,364, 376-8, 387, 419,443, 447, 541, 589, 611, 628, 713, 732, 762, 777 building 53,60,77,108,122,154,164,205, 223,229,234,279 international 612 military 628,754, 817 peasant 401 primitive 631 school of 142,174-5,239,255,265 scientific 200,632 War 14,18,112,121,292, 642 Communist International, ‘fourth’ 310,420, 486-7,495-6,539,545,564,582-5,596, 603, 615,710 Communist International, Second 445,458, 630,776,784,786,789, 791, 793-4,796, 798 Communist International, Third (Comin tern) 226-7,237, 267,276,279,318-20, 322-30,333,375,382,402,405,420, 458-67,484,487,491-505,508-12, 514-19,530,542-9,562-8,587-8,593, 596-9,602-7,610-13, 623,645, 723, 733, 740, 756, 758, 775-6, 779, 784-9, 791-5, 798 commission 320,325,327,484-5,565, 568-9,580,594, 603 conference 319,489,545,565,573,602֊ 3,610-11 congress 278,308-Ц, 319,375-380,396, 419,570 Executive Committee (Ecci/Ispolkom) 8,315,318-19,458-60,543,562,56871,598, 602-3,611-13, 615-6, 620, 622 plenum 604,612 tactics and methods 731,781,785,788, 794-5,798 Communist Party of Azerbaijan (Bolsheviks) 770 Azerbaijani Party Control Commission 653-4 Communist Labour International 327 Communist Party of China 658 Communist Party of France 747-8 cells 747 Communist Party of Germany (kpd) 309, 648,670,680 Communist Party (Russian or
Soviet) 1,5, 7-8,14-15,17,26,51,59-60,80,91-2, 109,117,120,123,127,130,168,180-5, 192,194,208,215,226-7,229,233-4, 238-9,242,251,276,278,280-1,307, 309,314,317-20,324, ՅՅՕ, 338, 375, 381, 408, 419, 426, 429, 446-7,466, 471, 504-5, 559,573, 593, 600,604, 606-7, 612, 628, 652, 680-1, 692, 709, 711, 803 Central Committee (cc) 2,16-17,1926,49֊54,58,61-9,72-3,77, 82-9, 92,95,101,111-13,116-18,123-4,1269,132,135-6,147-50,153-4,160,163, 165,170,180,183-4,186-90, 206-7, 209-23, 230-2, 234-5, 237-40, 243-4, 247-9, 261, 266-70, 272-5, 280, 28891, 295, 297-306, 310-14, 316-17,319, 321, 323, 325-8,332,334-8, 351, 353, 35б֊74, 383-4,388-90, 394, 396-404, 408-9, 411-13, 415,417-21,426, 424-5, 432-4, 437,440-1,443, 445, 447, 449, 451-4,457,459, 466-7,474, 476, 479֊ 80, 484-500, 502-4, 507-12, 514-16, 518, 522-5, 530,532, 534-9, 542-5, 548, 555-7,561-5,567-8,570,573-5,577~ 8, 580-7, 589, 591, 593-603, 606-11, 613-16, 618-19, 621, 644-5, 647-8, 657, 659, 665-7, 671-3, 675-80, 682-91, 693, 696-7, 699-710, 712-13, 717-21, 724-6, 728-9, 736, 745, 748, 750, 763-6, 76870,773-4,776-8,780-99,801-2,804, 806, 811-17,819-22 Central Control Commission (ccc) (This entry also comprises its presidium and secretariat.) 118,147,207,212,218, 222,274,299,310,327-8,351,366-7, 388,413,454,484,499-503, 507-10,515, 537, 539, 541, 543-7, 561, 565, 568, 572, 576-7, 579, 598, 601, 604, 613, 615, 644,
918 INDEX Central Control Commission (ccc) {cont.) 648,651-4,657,660-4,6668,690-1,697,701,723,770,773,783-98, 809,820-3 Central Purge Commission 127,312,595, 602,770 communist faction(s) 18-19,21՜2,26- party control commission(s) 93,118,197, 329,401,547,549,562-3,576,579,595, 598,643,646,650,653-4 party court(s) 26,77,116-17,196, 310, 323,547,697 party discipline 42,101,127,183, 211, 241, 275,278,293,309-13,315,319,321,324, 7, 43, 50-1, 56, 61,109,111,113-15, Ո7, 119,137,147,163,165,174,265,288, 296, 298-305,308,313,320-1,351,426-7, 434,440,461,464,474,480,482,581, 601, 604,612-14,699,751 General Secretary 647 Moscow party committee and organisa tion 19,115-16, u8, 311-12,316,410, 326,331,333,360,375,380,465,502֊ 3, 543-4, 546, 556,567,57б֊7, 587, 591, 595,597, 601, 607-9, 652, 672, 674, 815 party press 109,161,324-5,531, 535, 594, 657,659,667,682,741,810-12, 820 party programme 3,15-16,21,28-9, 61֊ 2,100, no, n6, n8,126,139,166, 204,213, 522.556.578.580.613.617.751 Orgburo 16,22,50,54-5,82,132-3,136, 186-7,258,306,321,326,335,396,490- party purge Ո7,125,127-8,136, 216, 220, 229,245,306,313,382,396,400, 408, 1,580,585,602,608-9,702 party building, construction 42,74-5, 160,182-4,186,188,190-1,206,224-5, 233-4,241-2,244,250,267-8,275-7, 282,286,288,290,407,522,533,535, 555,571,586,589, 683,686,698-9,703, 712.721.751 party cell(s) 16,19,78, 60,78,102,108-11, 115,164-5,192,198,231-2,238,2401,247,249,257,259-60,266,279-80, 282,307,310-12,325,337,392,399,401, 406-10,440,449-50, 485, 494, 507,512, 531, 533,548,561, 564-5,581-2, 585, 600, 646, 648, 651, 687, 691-2, 697-8, 702-3,
724, 784, 788, 814 party committee(s) (City party com mittees are abbreviated as gorkoms, district committees are raikoms, sub district committees are podraikoms, and gubernia committees are gubkoms.) 3,8,16,21,24,58,68-70,72-3, 348 441,449-51,488, 493, 498, 505-6, 512, 517, 557-9, 595, 599, 615, 650, 667-9, 674, 694,720, 814 party purge commission(s) 128, 312,328, 488 party reregistration 193, 231,245, 280, 408,475 party secretary 467,521,822 party spirit (partiinost) 251 party unity 16,123-4,126-7,206, 224, 250,267-70,272,275,278, 283, 285, 289-90,301,305-6,327-9,332, 336, 395,413,417, 446,453, 497, 502-3,510, 562-3, 565, 578, 580, 585, 598-9, 591, 598-9, 603, 607, 610, 612, 676, 683, 693, 699, 721, 736, 787-8, 812 party verification 595,599,668 party verification commissions 493, 507,595,599 Politburo 16,18,24,50,52, 93,294-8, 300-6,308,312-14,319-26,333, 345, 356,358֊6o, 366-7,371-2,374, 383, 75,77,82-3,114-16,118,150,160,183, 186-90,197-8,210,216-17, շշշ, 234, 238-9,243,260,268,281,286-7,298, 394, 396-9,411-13,423-4,431, 438, 440, 452-Յ, 459, 489-90, 503, 513-14, 522, 526,529-30, 533, 543,568-9, 580,582- 307,311-13,321,326, ՅՅ8,390-3,397, 400-1,404,410,417,457,463-4,467, 485,488,491-3,503,505,507-8,512, 515,522,543,556,561,567,583,600, 602-3,608,610,614,646,649,654,672, 764-5,820-1 3,585,587-8, 602-3, 609-10, 613, 622, Party Control Commission (pcc) 654 645, 647, 653, 655-7, 663, 676-7, 680, 685, 696, 700, 702-4, 706, 717, 739, 744֊ 6, 763, 768, 77o, 774, 781, 783-4, 786-7, 790-1,793-8, 821-3 Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (RSDRP/b/) 2,52
919 INDEX Secretariat їв, 22-4,306,326,432,490, 493,577,603,610,702,765,770,786, 789 Siberian party bureau (Sibbiuro) 326, 661 VKP(b) 763,769-70, 774,783-7,791-2, 795-9,801,820 Women’s Department of the cc RCp(b) (Zhenotdel) 49,122,335-7,379,381, 487 see abo Bolsheviks, Mensheviks Communist Party (Russian or Soviet) con gresses and conferences Eighth All-Russian Party Conference (December 1919) 17 Eighth All-Russian Party Congress (March 1919) 3,15-17,21,28-9,42,53-5,99, 110-11,138,178-9,220,223,226,237-8, 245,247,251,256,558,575 Eighth Moscow gubernia party confer ence (March 1922) 523-4 Eighth Samara gubernia party conference (February 1921) 186-8,190-206 Ekaterinburg gubernia party conference 287 Eleventh All-Russian Party Conference (December 1921) 432-6, 619 Eleventh All-Russian Party Congress (March 1922) 10,289,292,304,308, 315,317,324,329-ՅՅ, 364,367,407,442, 446,448-9,451,457-8,475,493,516, 521-618, 620-1, 686-7, 7°°, 72°-i, 782, 805, 813 Eniseisk gubernia party conference 650 Fifteenth All-Union Party Conference (October-Novemberi926) 797 Fifteenth All-Union Party Congress (December 1927) 659,763,776,816 Fifteenth Samara city party conference (February 1921) 186-90 Fifth RSDRP Conference (Paris, January 1909) 181 Fourteenth All-Union Party Conference (May 1925) 650,749-61,776-7 Fourteenth All-Union Party Congress (December 1925) 651,761-3,766,771, 778,781,785,812 Fourth Donetsk gubernia party confer ence (February 1921) 180-6 Fourth RSDRP Congress (Stockholm, April 1906) 88,332,586 Ivanovo-Voznesensk gubernia party con ference 114 Krasnodar oblast party
conference 114 Moscow gubernia party conference (November 1920) Ո5,162,248 Moscow gubernia party conference(s) 120,124,681 Ninth All-Russian Party Conference (September 1920) 23,63-73,78, 82-3, 87,118,161-2,220-1,228,231,234,237, 246-7,268,273,279,548 Ninth All-Russian Party Congress (March-April 1920) 19-24,49-63, 135,151,165,179-80,223,257 Perm gubernia party conference (June 1921) 608 Petrograd gubernia party conference 688 Riazan uezd party conference 114 Second RSDRP Congress (1903) 52 Second Khamovniki district (Moscow) party conference (January 1924) 649, 698-722,724,788 Seventh Moscow gubernia party confer ence (October 1921) 556 Seventh All-Russian Party Congress (March 1918) 575 Sixteenth All-Union Party Congress (1929) 668 Sixth Moscow Gubernia Party Conference (February 1921) 5,236 Tenth All-Russian Party Conference (May 1921) 294-5,347-8, 398 Tenth All-Russian Party Congress (March 1921) 7-8,10,22,27-8,73,85,110-112, иб-19, m, 123-8,130,136-7,173,187, 189, 201, 206-93,303-4,3°6“7,309-12, ЭИ, 317, 327-9, ЗЗ1, 333-6, 338, 347֊ 8, 352, 358, 361, 364-7, З71, 374,380, 388, 391,393, 395-7,4oo, 404-9,411-13, 416-18, 420,436,441,450, 452-З, 456, 484,486, 492, 496-8, 500, 502-4, 50910, 512, 514-17, 519-22, 533, 535-6, 538, 541, 548-9,555-9, 5б2֊3, 565-6, 568, 572-З, 576, 578-82, 586-7, 589, 594-5, 597,599,601,603-4,607,610, 612-13, 617, 619-20,623,680, 683-6,688,690,
920 Tenth АП-Russian Party Congress (March 1921) {cont. ) 693-5,697-701,712, 719-21,736, 810-11 Third RSDRP Congress (London, 1905) 332,484,586 Third Tula gubernia party conference 217 Thirteenth All-Union Party Conference (January 1924) 127,649-50, 679-81 Twelfth Party Congress (April 1923) 644-5,647.675-7,685,696,718 Communist Party of Ukraine 19,82-95,ԱՅ՜ 14,417-19,440-1,498,512, 600,650 Fifth AU-Ukrainian Party Conference (November 1920) 84-95, u3 8i Communist Workers’ Party of Germany (kapd) 309-10,326-7,419-20.496,539. 545.623 concessions or leasing 85, 293-6,3η, 313, 322, 340, 348-50, 376, з86,440,446-7, 451, 469,477, 523, 551, 588, би, 652, 723, 730,740, 751, 773-5, 783, 792 conscious(ness) 7,41,43, 60,76,100,102, 107-8,140-2,160,195-6,198-200,2289,240-1,262,269,277-9,376,436-7, 500,509,518,535,544,599,604,606, 612, 617,627-30,640,683,695,728, 731-З, 735, 757-8, 779, 815 conservative 177,179-80,204,689-90,752, 756 Constituent Assembly 2,189,260,518 Constitutional Democrat Party (Kadets) 518,589 construction workers 34 consumer(s), consumerism 79,144-5,154, 202,292,341,344,346,350,650,652, 660 690,726, 817 cooperatives 45,96,295,345,348-9,386֊ 7,395,415,440,456, 601,732,751,754, 767,772-3,776, 802 corporatist 6 Cossack 218,666 Council for State Defence 97,152,714 Council of Labour and Defence (aka Council of Worker-Peasant Defence) (sto) 31314,395,400,429-30, 542,714-15 Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom) 150-1,214,400,531,554,716,799,801 Little Sovnarkom 150,152-3,299 INDEX counterrevolution(ary)(ies) 6,10-n, 1314,17,50-1,59,122-4,139,177,181,212,
227,239,256,261,279,343,345,408, 430,503,512,518,520,599, 611,646, 653, 668-9,674,703, 758-9,770,780-1, 820 countryside 34,44,47,51,71,79,81,84-5, 87-90,145,208,223,339-40,342-3, 346,349,386,395,442,445,532, 650, 660,716, 718-19, 728-30, 742-3, 750-1, 754-6,767,771-2,780,800, 810, 817 couriers 211, 382, 487, 494-5, 539, 582 court(s) 67,73,77,83, 88,133,210, 212,217, 222, 314,322, 334, 337, 434,451, 468, 497, 525, 538, 663, 744 appeal 318,320 appeal, Comintern as highest 273,323, З27,503-4,510,541,546, 603, 610,613 comradely 26,77,116-17,133,196,310, 547,697 disciplinary 134 judge(s) 81,322,490 martial 337 working class, of the 577 crafts see artisans, handicrafts Crimea 464 crime, criminal 30,35,50,193,196, 210,293, 313,326,328,330,333, 342,378,384, 398,466,501-2,515,517,537,542,545֊ 8,570,579,581,586,645-6,656, 666, 670,699,704,707-8,720,734, 744,782, 804 banditry 269,668,744 blackmail 707 bribeiy 192,514 speculation 192,292,340,346,378,385, 434-6, 457,495,533, 552 theft 171,192, 384, 449 crisis 179,219 economic 1,22,79,100,104,167,177,182, 220,256,296,344,383,450,554, 686, 696,705,766 France 746 Germany 402 party 79, 84,90-2, U7,124-5,137,184, 186,213,215-16,220,225-33,245-8, 268-9,276-8,450, 649, 686,809-10 scissors 642,704-5, 717 soviet 84,90,92,117,137,184
921 INDEX trade union 85,103-4,117,137,139,172, 179,181,184,264,425 world 438,756 culture 25,36,186,192,198-200,541,554, 558-9, 629,631-4,640, 644,744 labour, of 13 educational work 77,253,415,456 inheritance of the bourgeoisie 62 level 20,56 political 659 see also Proletarian Culture (Proletkult) currency see money Czechoslovakia 319-20,526-7,575,614,617 Declaration of the 46 647-8, 679,700 Declaration of the 83 (or 84) 658,806-7 defencism 620 Demidov, V.P. 10 democracy 8,23, 87,189,242-4,255,257, 262,303.319.409.418,683-4,688-90, 693-95,699-702,719-21,736, 807, 81516 bourgeois 736,780 démocratisation 314,636-7 party 112,121,223, 647-8,660,682-4, 689-90, 694-5, 697-8,710, 712, 719-20, 807,820 political 779-80 producer 202-3 proletarian 16,106,177-8,297-8,366-7 revolutionary 96 social 757-8,776,784,787-8 worker 124,141,184,202-3,228,231,233, 247-8,255,262,269-70,273,279,281, 408,457,461,500,510,549,559,5723, 617, 656,659, 682, 684,689-94, 697, 699-702,708,711, 718-20,736-7,767, 782,807, 815-16, 819 democratic centralism 16, 80,187,214,217, 224-5,249, 289-90, 808 Democratic Centralist(s) 6,16-17,112-13, 120,125,214,217, 222,224, 644,647-9, 660,675,685,808-9 Deulenkov 460,479,483 dictatorship 33, 60-1,88,174,177-9, 193, t95 251, 270, 272,442-3, 474, 477, 572՜3, 679, 727 economic 36,38,178 one-party 310 party’s 1,123,194,251,325 political 678 proletarian or of the proletariat 1,5,43, 60-1,84,88,91,97,100,165,174,176-80, 193-5,203, 251, 253,269-70, 272, 345, 347, 387, 397, 416, 448, 474, 477, 54, 518, 535, 572, 611, 626, 679, 716,722, 727, 729 working class’s 98,349,442-Յ, 573
Dietzgen, Peter Joseph 634,834 disease 14,260,665 illness (physical) 72,122,325, 646 sickness insurance 642 dissent(ers) 23-4,112-13,121,126-7,27°, 309,312,315,318-19, ՅՅ2-Յ, 498,646, 650, 664, 683,781 ‘Dizzy with Success’ 665 Donbas (also Donetsk) 2,66,88,106,113, 167,180-1,207,217,301,331,347,351, 390-4,396,421,424,437,440, 450,464, 466-7,479,498,504-6,511-12,527, 540,564,580,592,598,600-1,660,714 Douamenez 748 Drozhzhin, I.V. 721,834 Dybenko, Pavel 337 Dybets 421,428,430 Dzerzhinsky, Feliks Edmundovich 22,25-6, 118, 250,299,331,569,574,584, 644-6, 706-7,714,834 economic (selected) 20,200, 629,632, 634, 640,642 bodies 18-19,79-80,97,104,109-11,1402,156,167-8,172,175-6,179,256,345-6, 348,376, 395,414-15,421,426-9,455-6, 480-1,530-1, 727 councils 16,19,103,110,179,415,456, 600, 714 plan(ning) see planning policy 3,105,112,140,176-7,345-8,384, 397,416-18,421,433,435,441-2,457, 472-Յ, 476,524,532-3,574, 600, 677, 696, 703-9,718,721-2,724-7,729-30, 735-6,766,772-4 ruin 30,37-8,43-4,139-40,182,269,375 see abo New Economic Policy economising 39,53,447,781 economists 97,707,717-18,741,757 economy 1-4,7-9, Ц-15,29,31,44-5, 60-2, 80,96-9,103-4,106-8,120,130-3,135,
922 INDEX economy {cont. ) 137-8,140-2,144,155-9, 166-8,179-85,194,253-6,265-6,272, 292,296,341,476-7,488,631,716,724, 755, 767,77I1 814 industrial 79,106-7,349՜5օ, 755 mixed 8,292,296 peasant 295,525, 728-30,752,754 political 634,637,713 socialist 44,105,295 state 61,437,468-71,481,727, 730 economy building 31,44,46,79-80,103-4, 107,109-10,130-1,139-40,164,167,174, 183-4,227,238,241,254,272,279,341, 344. Յ46,382,684, 714 education 7,25,40,53,61,77,174-5,205, 239-40,252-3,277.325.415.456, 627, 723,742,749,759 communist 142,223,229-30,236 higher 265, 643,673,737 labour 230,232 Main Political Education Committee (Glavpolitprosvet) 197 see also school(s), student(s), universities Eikhe, Robert 662 Ekaterinburg 115,234,286-7,315,400,440 Ekaterinodar see Krasnodar Ekaterinoslav 2,114,464,479,567 Ekonomicheskaia zhizn 256,384,405,714, 716 Ekoso 714 election(s) 3,14-15,27,83,117,123,141,155, 160,187-8,1go, 231,248,257,274-5,281, 288-9,298-9,300,304,307-8,312-13, 323.334-5,338-9,361,372, Յ91-2,406, 423, 431,441,448,461, 480, 494,498, 505,512, 531,5бі-2, 565,569, 574,577, 594, 603, 605-6, 615, 622, 649, 721, 747, 755, 780, 814-15 electricity 105,144 Elizarova-Ulianova, Anna 605 emotion(s) 27,57, 64,121,124,136,152,208, 242.247.297.303.323.334-5,364,3801,386,390,418-19,442,512,518,578, 588,601,618,668,708,710,720,735, 736-7,739,766,782, 805 Enakievo 391-2 encyclopedia(s) 9,200,623-41 bourgeois 626 class 625-6,629,632 feudal 625 French 626,631-2 proletarian 200 socialist 628 workers’ 9,623-41 Engels, Friedrich 5,121-2,251-2,447, 632, 634,752 engineer(s) see professions England,
English 438-9,496,526,545,614, 714-15,733,741,768,776 see ako Great Britain Eniseisk 650 Enlightenment 63,625,651 see ako Commissariat of Enlightenment enterprise (entrepreneurial initiative) 47, 80,104,106-8,140-1,143,156,217,233, 25Յ, 265, 270, 277, 279, 295, 461, 574, 697 enterprises (business) 12-13,15,31,34,3640,44-6,48,56,96-9,103,105,107, 109,131-2,138,142-5,155,168,170,203, 240,257-8,265,280,282,292-6,322, 341-2, 344-6, 349-50, 375-6, 384, 386֊ 7, 398, 416,422-Յ, 428, 430-1, 434, 439-41,444, 457, 468-70, 474,477-8, 481,491, 493, би, 524, 551, 553-4, 630, 649, 696, 705, 715, 718, 751,755, 778 mixed 471,525,554 state 322,445, 469-70,480, 552, 674, 729 management 31,46,56,103,107,135, 140-1,143,157,168,240,257-8,398, 663 Epshtein 83 Erevan 646 estate(s), social 5g, 625,6go, 719 see ako gentry, peasants, townspeople, religion Estonia 403,565,575,582,738 Europe(an) 5,14,19,31,40,103,314,438, 444, 51Յ, 652, 72Յ, 727-8, 731-Յ, 740, 743, 75б֊6і, 775, 777, 811 Central Europe(an) 731 Western Europe(an) 5,19,40,78, 97, 319,444,447-8, 470,477, 652, 723, 7314, 749,752-Յ, 756-7,760-1, 775, 785, 788 European workers 314,652,723,731,757-8, 775,785,788 Evdokimov 180,360
923 INDEX exile 42,52.55,86-7,89,92,118,313,330, 492,537,566,572,646,659,663,667, 669 Ezerskaya, Fanny see Jezierska [Ezerskaia], Fanny Fabb 460 faction] s) 26, 95,111,119,147,300-4,31314,319-23,325-7,335, Յ51-Յ, 355-8, 360-75,382,391-5,411-13,441,4637,477-83,485-7,495-6,509,519-21, 571-3, 577-9, 642, 671, 708, 793 factionalism 2,7,52,112,118,128,250,2901,297,303,310-12,316-17,324-8,331, 351,361-2,366,372,374,388,394,412, 417,452,498,506,509,535,556,559, 563-4,568,570-2,574,578-80,585, 590-1,594-5,597՜8,599՜6օօ, 606-7, біо, 613,645-6, 653-5, 663-6,668, 685, 693-5,697,699-700, 703,708-10,720֊ 1,784-8,790,792-Յ, 795-7,798, 821-2 factory, factories 4-5,11-12,14-15,20-1,27, ЗО, 33-5, 38,40, 44-5, 70, 79, 88-9,96, 98,100,103,105,107-8,131-2,134-5, 142-5,168-70,173,185,195-6,198, 208, 211-12, 227,230, 236, 239-40,248, 25660, 263-6, 271-2, 280-1, 296, 298, 310, 316, 337, Յ42,344-6, 350,384, 386-7, Յ91, 393, 398,402, 404, 415, 425-7,445, 447, 449, 455-6, 473,493՜4, 507, 513, 525֊9, 531, 547, 551, 556,558, 560, 5845, 606, 616, 631, 633, 639, 646-7, 660, 67Յ, 687, 702, 707-8, 712, 714, 724,735, 737, 747-8, 771, 812, 817 artilleries 115,120-1,145,258,374,396 assembly 4,125,164 automobile 40 aviation 146 blast furnaces 344,718 boards 12,416 cable 396 club 260 councils 97,258 Briansk 134,507,705,714 Dneprovsky 527 Donetsko-Iurevsky 527 Electrical Station (Enterprise) of 1886 (Moscow Hydroelectrical Station) 216,257,311,581,702 foreign 529 French 747-8 German 528,704-5 grain 755 housing 70 Iuzovsky 527 Kovrovsk 115 Kulebaksky 527 Kyshtymsky 422 Lugansky 527 machinebuilding
146,463,714,771 management 45,56,96,98,105,131, 133-4,172,258,345,414,423,455-6, 512 metals or metalworking 210,326,467, 472,771 Metron 648 Motovilikhinsky 422,606 Nadezhdinsky 313,422,429,431,527 New Etna 134 owners see bourgeois Putilov 705,714 Radio Morse 577 Red Army occupation 616 Russko-Belgiisky 527 Saldinsky 527 scythe 714 Sormovo 115,146,463,527 Spirit 236 State Moscow Metallurgical Factory (Gomomez) 396 steam engine building 434 Swedish 528,704-5 Taganrogsky 527 textile 717 worker committee(s) 3-4, u-12,35,968,103-5,131-2,135-6,140,156,168-9, 172,175,257-60,266,307,341,390, 392-3,414-15, 423, 454-5,475, 507, 564, 600, 606, 652, 678, 732 ZhAKO 396 see ako State Association of MachineBuilding Factories (Gomza) factory workers 35,88,145,164,210,271, 298, 316, 342, 386, 702, 724, 747 famine 14,293-4,377,526,532,598,642, 659,760 commodities or goods 36,772,811,816 hunger 13,38,80,449, 665,728
924 INDEX malnutrition 293,393 starvation 36,195,293,377,590,659 farm(s), farming 45, 80,146,405,665,690, 718,728,752,754-5,760,764,771-2, 775,810,817-19 American tenant 732 cattle-raising 45 communal 145,342 dairy 196 labourers (batraks) 754 market-gardening 45 mechanised 350 poultry 45 state (sovkhozes) 295 see also collective farm(s), peasant(s) Farm and Forest Workers’ Union 146 fascism 648,678,747-8, 803 Fedorov, Grigory Fedorovich 302,305,351, 356-7,359,363,368-9,371-Յ, 383,4214, 428-9, 431, 835 Fedurin, P. 146,463 feudalism 199, 624-6,631-2,756, 761 Figatner, Iury Petrovich [Iakov Isaakovich] 738, 745, 835 finance 25,31,58,145,155,194,350,438-9, 530,532,550-2,554,678,689 self-financing 427 see ako Commissariat of Finance Finland, Finnish, Finns 67,123,731, 739 Fischer, Ruth 309 five-year plan(s) see planning Fokin [Vasily Ivanovich] 311,391-2,483,581, 835 Foma 586, 645,743,854 food 4,22,33,35, 38-9,44-5,81,144,147, 154,168,193-4,201,209,220,300-1, 345-7,349-50,384-6,393,395,429, 457,470, 513, 530,532, 642, 705, 715-16, 764, 767,774, 810, 817-19 processing 15 requisitioning 14,112,120-1,123,292-3,346, 424, 817 shortages 22,33,39,79,123,472,660 see ako Commissariat of Food Supplies Food Processing Workers and Employees Union 35 foreign affairs 648, 658 foreign(ers) 121,123,139,194,206,212,292, 294,309,313,315,323,349, Յ76,379, 404,430,432, 435, 437-8, 442, 473, 477, 488,513-14, 527,529,551,565, 582, 586, 593, 598, 613, 616, 646, 648, 652, 655, 658, 660,704-5, 713, 723,730, 746-7, 753, 757,773, 775, 808, 820 foreign workers 593,757 freedom 163,377,446,524,549,566
criticism and discussion 68,71-2,78, 101,243,281-2,500,510,549, 617, 649, 653, 692 press 123,315,601 speech 315,601 trade 375 France, French 4,6,31,199,319-20,330, 381, 438-9,458,487,492,537,546,565, 568, 570,613,617-18,624-6,631-2, 731, 738, 745-9, 752,757, 779 French Socialist Party 748 French workers 746-7 Friis, Jacob 603,611, 613,617,620, 835-6 Frolov, K. (Fokin) 311,391-2,483, 581, 835 Frumkin 256 Frunze, Mikhail 299-300,522,534, 536, 698 fuel 22,30-1,35,37-9,43-5,79, 97,123,140, 154-5,167,210,220, 256,341, 345, 347, 438,477,575,714-15,725 firewood 193 see ako coal, oil Gagiy 820 Genoa Conference 438-9,447-8,523, 588, 592 gentry (nobility) 45,443-4, 572, 689 see ako estate(s) Georgia(n) 647 German(y) 13-14,31,39,65,85,103,174,309, 319-20,327,337,396,402,422,430, 439· 443, 445, 447, 49°, 495՜6, 526, 528, 539, 6o2, 613, 615, 617, 623, 645-6, 648, 661, 670-1, 678-80, 703-5, 731, 733, 749, 760, 803 German People’s Party (dvp) 678 German workers 402,447,678 glavki see All-Russian Council of National Economy (VSNKh) Glebov-Avilov, Nikolai Pavlovich 153-4, 507-8,741, 836 GOELRO see State Commission for Electri fication of Russia
925 INDEX gold 88,438-9.444, 473, 513, 525, 527-9, 551, 553-4, 558, 615, 625, 705, 707,713, 716-17, 732, 736, 779, 796, 798, 811 black gold (oil) 88 see also money Goldberg, [ ] 437,440,445, 836 Goldstein (Goldshtein) 326,495-6 Goltsman, Abram 18,26,119,130,133,148, 261 Gomel 413,538,580 Gomza see State Association of MachineBuilding Factories (Gomza) goods 34-7,112,135,144-5,300-1, 342,346, 348,350,386,393, 395, 422, 441, 444, 477,494, 554, 642, 705, 74-14, 717, 750, 767, 811, 816 consumer 79,144-5,202,341,346,350 intervention 714,717 Gorbachev, A. 119,146,463 Gorky, Maxim 554 Gorsky, Z.P. 283,285 Gosplan see State Committee for Planning government see All-Russian Council of National Economy, commissariats, Council of People’s Commissars, Provi sional Government, state committees GPU (State Political Administration and Con solidated State Political Administration) 491-2,644,652,710, 741 see ako Cheka, nkvd, ogpu, police grain 45,121,292,397,661,718,755, 818 requisitions 112,120,123,293 Great Britain, British 320,381,527,658 see ako England Grozny 726 Guchkov, Aleksandr Ivanovich 338 guilds 29, 60,126,687 Gurevich, Aleksandr Iosifovich 28, ng, 121, 305,352,368-9, 372-Յ, 466,472,475-6, 478, 836 Gusev 22,224 Gutin 508 Hamburg 648 handicrafts(men) 79,145,191,260-1,292, 344-5,348-9,389,398, 625,707-8, 713-14,717,779, 817 see ako artisans Haywood, William ‘Bill’ 314,430 Hempel [Appel], Jan 381 heterodox(y) 333,461,474,493,498,500, 503-5,590,617,701,721,807,813-15 higher-ups 1,49,70,74-8,120,157-8,161, 164,173,175,188-9,219,226,228,231, 234,277-8,399,424,461,509-10, 514֊ 15,
520,546,572,617, 627, 682,697, 712, 744 see ako rank-and-file holiday(s) 70,324,370-2,394,655,665-7 sanatorium 579,820 hospital(s) 259,669 Hotel Lux 539,584 housing 4, 70-1,144-5,195, 342, 392, 749 Iakhontov 563 Iakovlev 83,555 Iakovleva, Varvara Nikolaevna 26,209,237, 248-9,837 Iakutka 55 Ialunin, I. 146,463 Ian 91 Ianson, Nikolai Mikhailovich 305,321-2, 352,368-9,371-3,421,423,426,428, 431,464-6,479,657,790,792,794-7, 837-8 Iaroslavl 14,576 Iaroslavsky, Emelian 6,22,118,222,224,226, 233,331,433,590,653-4,663, 665-9, 693-4,700,708,790-800,802,806, 822 ideology 2,7,14, 81,97,114,140,160,165,177, 182,191-2,194-200,220,261,266,282, 290,307, 324,331,333,338,376,393, 422,442,509,518-19,525,536,562, 564, 578,601,626-7, 629-34,636, 643, 659, 663, 670-2,684,693,695,742,751,7612,769, 777, 779, 784, 799, 804-5, 807-8, 814, 820, 822 Ignatev 355,368,373,421,460,838 Ignatov, Efim Nikitovich 112,115,125,206, 225,244,249-50,273,275,283-4, 288, 388,559,645,838 imperialism 68,79, 81,100,158,191,276-7, 626,678,753,761 industrialism 13,261,263 industry 2,11-13,15-16,23-5,29, ՅՅ-8,43- 6,56,97-9,105-8,113,115,122,130-3, 138,141,166,217,254,292-5,344, 384,
INDEX 926 industry (cont.) 447,477-8,625, 660, 662, 696, 713-15,717-19, 753, 755-7 coal 181,714,811 concentration of 647,708 concession(s), leasing 293-6,3u, 313, 348-50, 376, 386, 430, 447, 451, 469, 477, 523, 588, 652, 723, 730, 740, 754, 773-5, 792 cottage 79,261,346 electrical 133,428,479 evacuation of 37 heavy 146,308,374,382,463,493, 6489,652,659,704-5,713,726,770-1,783, 8n, 816, 819 industrialisation 7,10,294, 642,650, 652,659-61, 664-5, 667,762,771,811, 816-19 large-scale 255,292,346,350,386-7, 397-8, 477, 495, 525, 679, 687,704-8, 712-13,718,721,729,740,755-6,770-1, 773-5,778-9,811 light 714,816 machinebuilding 706,757 management of 43, 59,103,108,130-1, 142,179,387,428 metalworking 33,134,173,210,253,328, 343-4,358,363,395,422,424,427~9, 470-3,477,480-2, 580, 707, 714, 8n mining 4,170-1,295,313,347,349,438, 704,714,756, 811 nationalisation of 12-13,37,292-4,296, 443· 476,679, 753 one-man vs. collegial management 18- 21, 49, 58,131,168, 257 oil 651,726 private 444 processing 15,39,79,295,704,707,713, 726,756 small-scale 261,296,347,398,401,405, 408,704,713 state industry 324 444,468-9,477,494, 535,691,696,704,725-9,740,752,756, 770, 772, 775, 810-11 textiles 35,398 see ako artisans, capital, enterprise, fact ory, handicrafts initiative 7,18,22,31-2,37,47-8, 62, 80, 87, 94-5,98,104-6, n8,122,125,135,140, 143,156,158,163,168,175,193,198,213, 217.221.223.226.228.235.241.247-8, 259,270,277,279,281,295,336,349, 377, Յ90, 395,404,453, 458,461, 500, 548-9,572,574, 617, 650, 658, 688, 691, 697, 699, 709, 712,782, 811 collective 196 Eikhe’s 662 individual 196 intraparty
688 Lenin’s 289,321 Mitin’s 307 Shliapnikov’s and Medvedev’s 563 self-activity 48,75,80,106,122, 2412.2478,277,279,344,4 762 intellectual 2,5-6,32,36,54,287,325, 649 intelligentshchma 218,234 intelligentsia, intelligenty 2,5,7,15-18,59, 76,92,97,122,159,19Յ, 213,216-18,234, 287,330,332,336,409,515,523,560, 572,626-8, 630-1, 638, 643, 660 service 688,708 Internationale 29 internationalism, internationalist 490,779, 800-1 International Women’s Secretariat 570 international 451,612 interrogation 10,327-8,399,501, 563,566, 581,602,604, 646,661-4,669, 737, 744 Ionov, A.M. 283-4 Istpart see Commission on the History of the October Revolution and of the RKP(b) Italian Socialist Party Italy, Italian 380 319-20,380,449,614, 618,670, 731, 747-8 Iurenev [Krotovsky], Konstantin Kon stantinovich 52,838-9 Iushkov 287 Ivanov [unknown] 368,373,483,604-5 Ivanov, I. 319,461-2,839 Ivanov, I.A. 224,283 Ivanov, M. 463 Ivanov, M.N. 10 Ivanov, N. (Moscow) 146,355 Ivanov, Vasily (Kharkov) 362,364,839 Ivanov, V.I. 556 Ivanovo-Voznesensk Ո4,217,558 Izhevsk 14,115,355,479
927 INDEX IzvestUa 36,161,301,594,650,763 Izvorin 146,464 jail see prison Japan 438-9 Jaurès, Jean 747,839 Jewish 2,7,631 anti-Semitism 7 Jezierska [alternatively Ezerskaia], Fanny 670,839 July threat 782,786,789,791,793-4 Khi 593-4 Kirgiz 507,674 Kirov, Sergei Mironovich 331,669 Kiselev, Aleksei Semenovich 1,19-20,49, 52-5,120,127,146,206,237,244,2745,283,285,289,299,322,397,463,466, 478-9,531,550,599, 643 Klinov, [Iakov Ilich] 368,373,421-2,428, 430,479, 843 Knorin, Vilgelm Georgievich 701 Kobyzev (conspiratorial name Kolosov) 723-4,845 Kaganovich, Lazar Moiseevich 331,650, 663-5,765 Kalinin, Mikhail Ivanovich 16,22,25,47-8, 68,118, 688,744,766,840 Kainin, Ans Ernestovich 512,840 Kamenev [Rozenfeld], Lev Borisovich 20, 22,25,27,50-1,118,120,149,166-7,267, 339,433-6, 447,489, 523“4, 621, 642, 644, 646-7, 689, 699-710, 712-22,769, 800, 840-1 chair duties 207,215,222,224,239,251, 267,550 United Opposition 10,650-1, 653,6557,762-3,810 Kaplan, Fanny Efimovna [Feiga Faivelovna Roitblat] 841 Kariakin, I.I. [alternatively Koriakin] 119, 134,145,353, 462, 842 Kashirka 380 Kassior (or Kasior), Stanislav Vikentevich 83,85,89,113,130 Kazakh(s) 659 Kazan 575 Kerensky, Aleksandr Fedorovich 34,675, 786,789,791,794 Kerenshchina 34 Kerran [Kehrhahn], Ferdinand Lewis 381, 842 Khamovniki 649 Khamovniki district party conference 698-722,724,788 Kharitonenko [ ] 356,479,842 Kharkov 2,84-6, из, 302,351,354,358,362, 364-5,434,440-2, 450, 464,479, 588, 592, 669, 765 Khitrov 146,464 Kiev 9,114,464,498, 650, 669, 763, 765,767 Kolárov, Vasil 320,484,488,569, 603,611, 613-14, 617-18,843-4
Kolchuginsk 661 Kolesnikov, Boris Leonidovich 441,460, 844 kolkhoz see collectivisation Kollontai [née Domontovich], Aleksandra Mikhailovna 63, U9,206,222,324,490, 514-16,519,521,550,562-4,651, 844- 5 appeal of the 22 to the Comintern Execut ive 315,318-20,325,328,460,462-3, 484,488-9,494, 509-n, 544-9, 5б5~73, 597, 600-7, 610-11, 613-20, 622 author of Rabochaia oppozltsua 2,8, 121-4,213,218,243,596-7,601, 623 diary 46-9,78,121,333-7,379-81,61821,643,761-3 Eleventh Party Congress 329-33,544-9, 589-90,592-4,598,620-1 illness 72,122 intraparty criticism 72,78,243,336-7 Kronstadt 124,219,242-3,334-7,518 Leningrad Opposition 761-3 Third Comintern Congress, July 1921 309,311,375-81,596,599 United Opposition 659,763 Workers’ Group 645-6 Workers’ Opposition mentor and advoc ate 2,18-19,24,121-4,126,157-60, 218-21,241-4,333-7,517 Kolomna 88,354,465,479 Kolosov, [D.M.?] 723-4,845 see aho Kobyzev Komgosor see State Construction Commit tee Kondrakov 206,287 Kopp 403-4,408-9
928 Kopylov, Nikolai Vasilevich INDEX 74-8,146, 172-5.319.410,461,463,516-20.545, 845 Korshun 515 Korshunov, S.I. 285 Korzinov, G[rigory?] N. 283,285,521,559, 845 Kosior (also Kossior), Stanislav Kuzbas (Kuzbass, Kuznetsk[y] basin) 313֊ 14,429,431,473 Kuznetsov, Nikolai 93-4,180,184,319,3312,392.457,460-2,502,504, 566, 586-7, 593-4,598,604-6,645,849-50 Kviring, Emmanuil Ionnovich 391-2, 850 Ky 36-7 326,534, 539. 547 Kossior, Vladimir (?) ցշ Kotliakov, Ivan Efimovich 146,463,562,846 Kozlov 507 Kozlovsky, B.N. 285 Krasin, Leonid Borisovich 402,588,740,743 Krasnodar 113-15 Krebs, N.R. 670, 846 Kreibich, Karl 319-20,569,603, 611,614, 617-18, 620, 846 Krestinsky, Nikolai Nikolaevich 16,20,22, 25-6,37.50-3. 85,118,136,186,207, 209-11,216, 222,335,661, 847 Krivov, Timofei Stepanovich 285,327-8, 496-7,500-2,510,663-4,822,847-8 Krol, Samuil Iakovlevich 153,848 Kronstadt 6-7,112,123-6, 208,219,235, 242-4.247.290,334-7.518, 601, 698-9, 712 Krupin 355,848 Krupskaia, Nadezhda Konstantinovna 647 Krylov, N.S. 662 Krzhizhanovsky, Gleb Maksimilianovich 311.534 Kuban 69,215,575 Kubiak [also Kubiako, Kubiaka], Nikolai Afanasevich 146,294,332,345,459,464, 521. 549. 555. 562, 577-8, 580, 586-7, 589, 621, 679-81, 848 Kubyshkin, Iakov 145,458,460,462,849 Kubyshkin-Maltsev 479,849 Kuibyshev, Valerian Vladimirovich 428,479, 651, 657,766,781, 790,792,794 kulak(s) see peasant(s) Kursk 146,464,575 Kurzhner, [BA] 602,609,849 Kutuzov [Zakharov], Ivan Ivanovich 1,1920,24, 63, 69-71,115,128,146,206,25g, 263,294, 335, 345, 396-8,404, 408-9, 449, 457-8, 460, 464, 521, 555-6,559, 578, 587, 599, 643, 849
labour 16,26,29,31,34-5,37-40,44-6,71, 108-9, '30,135, М3,167,196, 254, 271, 341, 344, 347, 350, 386, 392, 434, 443-4, 469, 471,481,488, 524, 575, 633-4, 636- 7, 639-40, 692,715, 729, 754-5, 809, 817 armies 17,19,25,47,524 children’s 757 Code (1922) 324 collectivist 199-200, 632-4,636-7, 640 communist 232 conscription 22 culture 13 desertion 192 discipline u, 38,45,133 division 31,40,107,142, 758 education 230,232,239,265 enthusiasm 198,811 exchange(s) 45,324 federations 746 forced 14,130,236, 665 foreign 746 government in England 733,776 hard 89,465 hired 754-5 human 811 intellectual 5,626 law 481 leader(s) 314 machine 811 manual 5,49,125,239,280-1,326, 560 militarised 18 organisation 108-9,130,135,143,434, 640 piece work 13,34-6,38-9,132 productivity 12-13,33-9,81,132,144,170, 201,346-7,470, 817 protection 43,55-6,58, 81,108,434, 673 Registry (Registrud) 583 sweatshop 36
929 INDEX unions 109,344 unrest 660 unskilled 560 women’s 757 see also Commissariat of Labour, factor ies, Norwegian Labour Party, Platform of Labour Industrialism, productivity, unions, United General Confedera tion of Labour, wage(s), wage rate(s), women, workers labourers 29,60-1,77,80-1,97,127,131,139, 141,143-4.155-6,164,166,174-5,178, 185,192,194,208,219-20,230, 270,279, 339, 348, 531-2, 612, 627-8, 633-4, 639, 752,754, 817 labouring proletarian psychology 125, 230 Lagunov, I. 146,463 land 45,143,145, 228, 279,293,344,350,376, 439, 709, 713, 717, 754, 817-18 arable 80,754,756, 818 captain(s) 401 husbandry 81,154 lord 59 owners 443-4,572,746 Latvia, Latvian(s) 134, 739 Larin 530,534, 554,677,707 Lass-Kozlova, Polina 644 laugh(ter) 54,78, 88,153,214-15,224,236, 244-5,252,255,260,310,337,380,409, 486,522,571,584, 588,674, 703,706-7, 739 Lavrentev, Pavel Fedorovich 28, ni, 119,421, 429,431,458, 850 law(s) 58,322,340,469,626,629, 634,640, 772 illegal 67,105,116,129-30,207,248,341, 399,402,404,563,575-6,595, 600, 605,662,664,678, 685,700,719,721, 747,784,788,821 labour 481 lawmaking 471 lawyer(s) 401,567 legal 98,112,129,144, 318,375,401,403, 509,558, 662,664, 807 legalisation 755 legalist(s) 517 legality 304,333, 814 proletarian 634 Soviet 29, 99,138,166 see abo court(s) Lazzari, Constantino 380,850 Leather Workers’ Union 11,153,478 Lebed, Dmitry Zakharovich 331,562,567-8, 574,576,579-81,850-1 Lebedev 396,410, 570 Left Communists 11,50 Left Opposition 649,660 Left Socialist Revolutionaries (Left srs) 84, 223,226,229,277,280,489, 517-20, 800-1 Lenin, Vladimir Ilich (also
V.I., Ilich, Vladimir Ilich) 9,12,19,22-5,27,47,50,54, 68, 85, 89,150,159,172,205-10,212-14, 216, 219-20,222,245-6,255, 261,267-70, 273-5, 286,297, 299, 315, 382, 420, 543, 557, 587, 602, 606, 608-9, 642, 649-50, 686-7, 706, 709, 713, 715, 734-5,762, 775, 789, 799, 801, 807, 851 advertising in Pravda 594 Comintern 318-20,375,380-1,586, 740 Eleventh Party Congress 324-5,329-31, 333,521, 524֊5,530,562, 782 Kronstadt 219 Last Testament 646-7,651,656,661 Leninism, Leninist 258,555,735,738, 771, 792,795, 797-9, 818 Leninist-Bolsheviks 771 Leninist Bolshevik Party 799 levy 649-50,735 machine guns 275,289,521-2 New Economic Policy 294-5,376-7, 398,470,524-5,529-31,534, 655,751-2, 773-4, 778-9 one-man management 18,47 Platform of the Ten 1,7,24-5,27, 64,113, 115-19,174,188,262,555 reprisals 49,293,308,310-11,321,382, 395,397,400,425,522-3,530, 699, 702 tax-in-kind 267,292,295,397,774, 778 Workers’ Opposition 2,4-5,16,18-19,21, 24,78, 85,123-8,133,160,165-7,16970,207-8,242,250-2,254,258,265, 271,289-91, 301-2,305-6,334-7,521-2, 585,680,769 see also Institute of Marxism-Leninism, Leningrad
930 INDEX Leningrad 651,669,741-2,761-2,766,771, 781,799,812 see ako Petrograd, St. Petersburg Leningrad Opposition 651,761-2,781,812 Lepse, Ivan Ivanovich И9,305,321-3,36873,421,428,431,468,475,479-80,529, 851 Letter of the 22 318-23,325-9. ՅՅ1-Յ, 392, 439,45б, 460-4,466,475,489-92, 499-500,503,509,530,547-50,559, 561-3, 586, 588,591-2, 602-4, 606-7, 610-18, 622, 693, 813 Letter to a Baku Comrade 651-2,722-37, 785-98 Levit 419-20,852 liberal(s), liberalism Maksimov 662-4,666-8 Maksimovsky 233,244-5,249 Mamchenko, Nikolai S. 388-9,854 manager(s) 3,18,26,87,135,141,220,240, 257-8,324,355,391,398,420,445,512, 643,763 management 1-4,9,18,20-1,25-6,29-31, 43, 45-8, 54,56, 61-3, 66, 73-4, 79-80, 82,84,87,90-1,98-9,102-5,107-8, no, 118,120,122,125,130-5,138,140-4,1558,164,166,168,170-6,179,192-3, [95, 202,204-5,214,220,240,253-8,260, 266,271-2,277,292,316-17,324, 339, 341,345,348,384-5,350,384,390-1, 404,409,414, 423,427, 443-6, 455-6, 1, 64-5, по, 332,589, 592,621, 678,689-90 Litvin-Sedoi, Zinovy Ia. 328,330-1,501,508, 514,536-7,539-40,562,607 Litvinov, Maksim 746 Liul (or Liuli), Adolf Petrovich 354,852 Lobanov, Mikhail Ivanovich 284,303,319, 353,363,368,373,441-2,449,459-62, 478-9,498,576,647-8,669,743-4, 852-Յ Lomonosov 513-14 London 332,586,760 Loriot, Fernand 380, 853 Losev, S. 146,463 Lozovsky, Solomon Abramovich [Dridzo] 26-7,147,149,239,381 Lugansk 241,391,527,592 Lunacharsky, Anatoly Vasilevich [Anatoly Aleksandrovich Antonov] 88,224,490 Lutovinov, Iury Khrisanfovich 1,19-24,267,47,49-52, 55-9, 6з֊7,73, 82-3, 90, 113, U9-20,147-54, 309, 396-7,402-4, 409,432-6, 487,
643-6, 675-7, 853 MacDonald, Ramsay 776, 853-4 Machajski, Jan Wacław see Makhaevism Macmanus 320, 603, 611,614 mail see postal service Makh, I. 7 Makhaevism 5,54,64,76,91,133,137,234-5, Z39-40,252,271,396,488,589 Makhaevshchina 76,233-4,236,241, 252,400,701,791 Makhno, Nestor Ivanovich 64,67,89,95 469-70,477,480, 530-1,558, 643-4, 674, 692,740, 763 collegial 18,20 micro 414 one-man 13,18-21,49,58,131,168,257, 409 worker 15-16,141,143-4,157,175 Manevich, D.M. 283,285 Mann, Tom 314,430,854 Manuilsky, Dmitry Zakharevich 316,332, 450,530,536,562,591,621, 645,802, 806,854 Maksimov, Nikolai 662-4, 666-9 Maksimovsky 233,244-5,249 market 292,435,439,469,525,625,642,718, 771 black 403 European 438 foreign 746 free 469,525,706, 727 gardening 45,344 handicrafts 707 internal 395,746 international 728 metals 526 open 642 peasant 704,717,726,770 prices 292,470 private 478 speculative 533 world 727-8 Martov, Iulius 518 Marx, Karl 121-2,252,447,524,632,634, 757
931 INDEX Marxism, Marxist 3-5,7,15,54, 76,90,127, 137,183,193,196,200,230,246,251-2, 298, 329,419. 437-8, 472. 47б, 492 560, 629-30,632, 634-5, 637,668,675-6, 682,685,703,713,718-19,733,757,760, 771,805, 818 anti-Marxist 322 Marxism-Leninism 287 non-Marxist 20,127,476 Marx-Engels Institute (after 1931 the MarxEngels-Lenin Institute) 121,287 Maslennikov, [Sergei I.?] 10,351,450,479, 855 Maslov 428 Matrozov 466 medical 579 medical doctor 579, 820 hospital(s) 259,669 see abo disease medicine 175,235,238,517 Medvedev, Aleksandr Nikolaevich 308,319, 461-2,507-8,605,670,855 Medvedev [-Stebalin], Sergei Pavlovich 1, 9-10,19-20, 24, 26,47. 63, 67-9,119, 124,127,145,152, 206, 223-4, 233-7, 239, 244, 261-3, 267-70, 274-5,286-8, 293-4, 295,303-u, 315,317-19,322-Յ, 325-6, 328-35,345,352, 359-60, 363, 365-9, Յ71, 373-4,379, 381-94, 421-2, 428-9,431, 443, 448-52, 458,461-2, 468-76, 478-83, 486,490-2, 501-4, 515-17, 521, 530-5, 537,539-44, 549֊50, 562-7, 569, 572-8, 581, 586-94, 596֊ 600, 602-7, 618, 620, 643-5, 650-9, 661-74, 678-9, 681, 722-50, 763, 76873, 775-87, 785-98, 801-2, 807, 812, 819-23, 855-6 Meleshchenko, A.I. 283,286 Melnichansky 434 Menshevik(s), Menshevism 4,12,14,52,55, 85,94-5,97, ИЗ, 130,251,259,271,295, 309,322,324, ՅՅ0-1, 337-40,381,407, 436, 443,445,471,474,476,480, 51718,537,545, 567, 579,589, 592, 598, 605, 6u, 653, 655-7, 676, 678-80, 688, 700, 704, 717, 720,758, 766, 772,777-8, 781, 784,788-9, 800 see abo Bolshevik(s) Meshchersky, Aleksei Pavlovich Metallist 38 metals 15,32-3,97,108,134,140,173,210, 25Յ, 313, 326, 328, 341, 343-5, 347, 422, 424-9, 470-3,477,480,
526, 529, 532, 644, 658-9, 663,704, 707, 714, 756-7, 811, 816 metalworker(s) 1-2,6,28,33,46,110-11,113, 120,146,153,170,173,210,255,301-2, 313,315,331,343-5,356-7,361-2,390֊ 2, 422, 425-6,440-1, 448, 462-3, 473, 478, 480-2, 486-7, 524-5, 533, 560, 566, 576-8, 600, 604, 651, 670-1, 722, 746,748, 758,801, 811-13 nonparty metalworkers 4,120,365 Metalworkers’ Union, All-Russian 2,11,13, 17-19,22,27-9,35-6,38, no-її, 113,119, 134,210,253-4,264,293,296,301-6, 308,313-16,320-4,343-5,351-74,382, 388, 395-400,409,411-12, 418-31, 434, 436, 439, 444,446,448, 451-Յ, 458-9, 462-83, 486, 490-1,497-8,505, 512, 517, 524, 530,538-40, 574-8, 580-3, 600-1,604, 612-13, 615, 643, 671, 699, 714, 799 Aleksandrov section 464 Armavir section 115 Briansk section 351,354,356, 423-4, 498 central committee (This entry comprises also the following central committee bodies: communist faction, bureau, presidium, and secretariat.) 27-8, 36,41,78,109-11,119,134,145,172-3, 253-4,287,301-5,313,320-3,351-74, 391,400,412,415,417,421-31,437,446, 451-2,455-6,464-82,490,507,517, 529, 540, 574֊6, 580, 595 Crimea section 464 Donbas (Donetsk) section 421,440,464, 466,479,498,505 Ekaterinoslav section 464,479 Enakievo section 391-2 First All-Russian Congress of the Metal workers’ Union 474,476-7 Fifth All-Russian Congress of the Metal workers’ Union (March 1922) 314-15, 320-4,364,439,448,458-9,46491,512,540,577-8,581, 601, 604,612, 422,856-7 615
932 INDEX Fourth АД-Russian Congress of the Metal workers’ Union (May 1921) 301-5, 308,313,321-2,343-5,351-74.382,388, 390.394-5. 397-400,409,411-13,416, 419, 424-5, 427, 434, 452-Յ, 456, 467, 472, 475,478, 481-2,486, 497-8, 505, 517, 538-9,574,582-3, 699 Izhevsk section 355 Kharkov section 113,302,354,358,362, Зб4֊5,440,464,479 Kiev section 498 Moscow section 146,302,355-8,396, 421,441,448,463-4,479,585 Nikolaev section 464,479,498 Nizhny Novgorod section 302,354,356, 358,404,464,466,498 Orenburg-Turgaisk section 115 Petrograd section 13,34,254,302,305, 323, Յ51,354, 357-60, 363,464,466, 498, 801 Siberia section 421 Southern Bureau (Iuzhbiuro) 421,424 Tula section 302,358,464,466 Uralsk section 114-15 Urals section 302,356,358,422,440, 466,479 Vyksa section 464 Zamoskvoretsky section 3Ո-12 Metalworkers’ Unions, International Federa tion of 345 Miasnikov, Gavriil (or Gavril) Ilich 8,309, 315-17,319,325,331,392,437,440, 442-3,445-6,458-9,461-2,488,498, 521,541,566,582-3,588,596,601֊ 3,606,608-10,615,643-6, 693,802, 857 Mikhailov (Donbas) 390-1 Mikhailov, Mikhail Flegontovich 10,146, 368,373,431,460,462,651,737, 857-8 Mikhailov, Vasily Mikhailovich 587, 602, 608-9, 858 Mikoian, Anastas Ivanovich 224, 594, 763 Mikov, M. 146,460,463 military 13-14,17,23-4,29,37,41,45,54, 67, 74, 79, 93.101-2,106,109,125,137, 139, Hi, 144,153,177,185,189,191, 201- 2, 226,235, 241,277, 297,300, 336, 342, 385, 402, 439, 476, 545, 552,557, 575, 598, 606, 622, 628, 680, 687, 701-2, 756, 764-5,767 academy 698,719 commissar(s) 68,70 commissariat 45,63,552 communism 628,754,764-5,817 defence
152,191,337,540,714,725-6,803 heavy infantry 759-60 industry 96,146,402,422,427,462,478 machine guns 263,274-5,289,291,333, 522, 747 militarisation 3,18,22-4,46-7,117,139, 189,226 militarism 14,17-18,330,439,756 sailor(s) 112,123,208,235,334-6 soldier(s) 92,96,98,112,191,208,230, ՅՅՕ, 491, 494, 747, 801 see also Commissariat of the Military, Council for State Defence, Council of Labour and Defence, labour armies, Red Army, Revolutionary Military Council militia, Kiev 765,767 Miliukov, Pavel Nikolaevich 338, 518, 858 Miliutin 22,151,521,525,715 Millerand, Alexandre 748,858 mill(s) 71,74,79,89, 96,260,264,341, 707-8 rumour 653 Milonov, Iury Konstantinovich 9,114,198֊ 206,213-18,289-91,514,623-41, 643, 858-9 Mineralnye Vody 382 mine(s) 44,143,168,280,393,551,660-2, 707,714 miner(s), mineworker(s) 39,88,165,170, 264, 347,662, 811 Mineworkers, All-Russian Union of 19, 22, 116-17,146,264,297,299,301,420,4634,512, 673 Congress of the Mineworkers’ Union 116-17 Second All-Russian Congress of Mineworkers 165-72,264 mining 4,170-1,295,313,347,349,438,704, 714,725,756,811 Central Board of the Coalmining Industry (TsPKP) 181 see ako АД-Russian Council of the Eco nomy (VSNKh)
933 INDEX Mironov, A. 146,463 Mitin, Flor Anisimovich 303,306-8,319, 328, ззг-2,351,356-7,363, 368, 373, 389-96,421,423,426,429,437,440-1, 450,460-1,463,479,511-12,545,564, 566-8,576,578,585-7,593-4, 59б, 598, 6oo֊i, 604-6,835,860 Molotov [Skriabin], Viacheslav Mikhailovich 22,56,301-2,304-5,335,359,368-74, 420,432-3,534,539,574,585,591, 602, 608,644, 655-6, 665,766,786,789,792, 795,797, 860-1 monarchy, monarchist 315,524,566,601, 625-6,759 Monatte, Pierre 748, 861 money 45-6,402-3,430,513,525, 532,5512,554, 663, 779 British pounds sterling 527-8 Canadian dollars 527 currency 37,212,444,526-7,532-3, 673 Czechoslovakian crowns 526-7 dollars 430,526 gold currency 445 gold kopecks 553 gold rubles 513,525,527-9,551,553-4, 705,707,713, 716-17, 811 goods or commodity (tovarnyi) ruble 673 hard currency 673 kopecks 434-5,526-7,551-Յ, 707 paper ruble 34 prewar mble 715 reform 750 Reichsmarks 526-7 ruble 386,405,526-9,532,551-4,673 Soviet ruble 552 Swedish crown(s) 526 Monmousseau, Gaston 749,861-2 Morshchiner 432 Moscow see Bauman district, Communist Party (Russian or Soviet), Communist Party Congresses and Conferences, Khamovniki, union(s), union con gresses and conferences, workers Moscow City Council of Trade Unions 20, 128,154 Moscow Hydroelectrical Station (moges) 216,257,311, 581 Muir and Mirrielees Department Store 57 Müller, Richard 670,862 Murom 388-9 muzhik 47,51,64,444,446,523,525,713, 715,740 Myasnikov, Gavril Ilich see Miasnikov, Gavriil nationalisation of industry see industry nationalism, nationalist(s) 658,746,756 Nationalist Party of China 658 nationality question,
nationalities policy 6, 224,647 network(s) 190,201,295,316,642,660, 814 New Economic Policy (nep) 8,121,292-7, 309,313-17,322,333,375-6,380,383, 390, 413, 416,418-19, 433-5, 437, 441, 444-5, 450,454, 468, 472,476-8, 493՜ 5, 523-4, 530, 535, 552, 584,587, 600, 611, 642-3, 645-7, 649, 651-2, 653, 655, 659, 661, 663, 667, 669, 671, 684, 692, 698-9, 704, 714-15, 723, 726-8, 750-1, 813 see also Communist Party congresses and conferences, industry, Left Opposi tion, Right Opposition, Shakhty Trial, syndicates, taxation, trusts, United Opposition newspaper(s) 54, 73, 95, U5,151,153 173, 227, 337, 398,405,432, 442-Յ, 447,460, 506, 516, 545, 548, 555, 588-9, 592, 620, 653, 667, 706, 714, 738, 748, 776, 780, 799, 802, 821 see also Aglt-Rosta, Baklnsky rabochy, Ekonomlcheskaiazhizn, Izvestua, The New York Times, Pravda, Rabochy put, Rul, Uralsky rabochy New Opposition 658,784,787, 806-8, 813 see also Leningrad Opposition, United Opposition New York Times, The 656 Niederkirchner, Michael 670-2, 674, 862 Nikolaenko, Ivan Ignatevich 10,283,285, 441,650, 652, 663,737,763, 765, 862-3 Nikolaev (city) 316,440-1,445,448,450, 464, 479, 484, 498, 506, 512, 542, 600 Nikolaeva, Klavdiia Ivanova 762, 863 Nikolsky 478-9
934 INDEX Nizhny Novgorod 2,18, 93,113,115,133-4, 302, 351. 354. 358, 464.479. 514-15, 750 Nizhegorod 354,356,401,404,466,474, 498-9,543,585 Nizhny Novgorod provincial trade-union council 115 NKVD (Commissariat of Internal Affairs) 10,388,459,648, 663,669,681,737, 802 nobility, noble(s) 401,519,626, 689 Nogin, Viktor Pavlovich 22,25,131-2,151, 172,534 nonparty 26,38,76,120,134,139,166,174, 230-3,246-7,254,266,269,281-2, 339-40, 351, 365, 399,436, 485,499, 507, 512-13, 559-60, 564, 585, 590-1, 596, 600-2,606, 617, 687,697, 712, 759, 770, 800 norms and norm-setting 34-5,38-40,74, 130,132,134-5,196-7,200,526,781 Norway, Norwegian 49,613,732,761,776, 785,788 Norwegian Labour Party 785,788 Noske, Gustav 803,863-4 Novorossiisk Artillery Regiment, 62nd 491 Nudolin 491-2 Obolensky, Valerian see Osinsky, Nikolai Odessa 89,113,268,275,379,669 OGPU (Consolidated State Political Adminis tration) 491-2,644-6,653,659,661-4, 666-8 see ako Cheka, gpu, nkvd, police oil 12,651,723,725-6 see ako fuel Omsk 113,326,661-70,820-3 opposition see Democratic Centralist(s), Left Opposition, Leningrad Opposi tion, New Opposition, Right Opposi tion, September Opposition, United Opposition, Workers’ Group, Workers’ Truth, Workers’ Opposition opportunism, opportunist 103,152,157, 246,345,419, 678-9, 752,784, 789,805, 820 Ordzhonikidze, Grigory ‘Sergo’ 647,657-8, 662,666,796-7, 864 Orenburg 575 Orgburo see Communist Party (Russian or Soviet) Orlov, Kirill Nikitich 146,368,373,421,4278,462,644,864-5 orthodox(y) 5,361,517,687 Osinsky, Nikolai [Obolensky, Valerian Valeri anovich]
11,16,213,215,217,222,295, 488, 547, 594, 700-1, 704,707, 713-14, 717, 721-2, 865 Ózol, KA panic 328,501,515 37,106,212,330,348,521-3,530,537- 8 Paniushkin, Vasily Lukich 293,306-7,33743,388,390,400-1,408,516,542,577, 604,693,866 Paris 490, 646,738, 745-9 Paris Commune 692 Parov [ ] 356,368,483,866 patronage 62,170,197,338 Pavlov, A. 180,197,303,319,354,362-3,368, 373,421,431, 449,451,458,460, 462-3, 479, 866 peasant(s) 4-5,18,47, 59-61,64,80-1,845,89,98,102, U4,123,125,129-30,159, 163,174,182,185,192-4,198,202-4,2Ц, 213-15,220,226,228,230,237,242, 244-5,247,252,269,275-6,279,292֊ 6,308-9,315,317,330,333,338,342-4, 346-7,376-8,384-6,398,401,405-7, 442,445, 495, 518,523-5, 530-1, 548, 572, 626-8, 635, 638, 642-3, 650, 652, 656, 661-2, 665, 668, 673, 679, 687-8, 690, 702, 704, 708,710-11, 713, 715-19, 725-31, 739-40, 750-5,759-64, 770-2, 786, 792, 800-1, 803-4, 810, 812, 81618 army 64 batrak 223,754 bedniak, bednota (poor peasants) 1,47, 59,81,84,86,223, 611,709,718,743,754, 771-5,779,817-19 committees of poor 86 communism 401 consumerism 650,652 dekulakisation 666 German parties 678 kulak(s) (wealthy peasants) 93,340, 387,656,659,665,668,690,716,71819,727,729,743,754,764,771-2,781-2, 817,819
935 INDEX muzhik (male peasant) 47,51, 64,444, 446,523 525.713.715.740 rebellion(s), uprising(s) 112,123-4,269, 668,699 seredniak (middle peasants) 47,59,81, 93,342,611,727,743,755, 771-2, 810, 818-19 union(s) 5,271-2,315,317,446,488 villages 88-9,143,744,767 worker-peasant inspection 53,75,218, 647.705 see abo agriculture, collectivisation, estate(s), Worker-Peasant Socialist Party Pekar 718,866 People’s Commissariats see Commissariats Perepechko, Ivan Nikolaevich 84-7,90-5, из, 117-18,123-4,149,206, 216-18,283, 285,288,293,306-7,390,394,396-7, 403֊5 411, 417-19. 451.866-7 Perm 18,315,440,466-8,479,514,583. 602, 608-9 Petersburg Committee see Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party Petrograd 1-2,7,13-15,34,38,65, иг, Ա7-18, 123,152,235,241,244,249.254,302-5, 334-5, 337,351, 354, 356-60, 363, 422, 464,466,479,489, 492, 562, 575,592-З, 602, 609,673,688,7И, 714,742,762, 801 see abo Leningrad, St. Petersburg Petroplavsky 89 Petrov 289,449,483 Petrovka street 57 Petrovsky, Grigory Ivanovich 22,25, 88,3312, 433, 537, 562, 574, 587, 867 Petrushka 557 petty bourgeois see bourgeois Piatakov, Georgy [Yury] Leonidovich 26, 180-4,515,725 Piatnitsky, Iosif Aronovich [Tarshis, Iosif Oriolovich] 67,867-8 Pigilev 491 Piter, Pitertsy see Petrograd, St Petersburg Pivon, Ivan Ignatevich 650,802,805 see abo Trifonova planning (economic) 44,105,131,136,154-5, 167, 29З, 449, 677, 714 five-year plan 642,660,818 see also State Committee for Planning Platform of Labour Industrialism group 13 see abo industrialism plenipotentiaries 135,160,203, շս, 230,235, 281,455, 542 Pleshkov, V.
119,145,319,462,868 Plokhotnikov 351,868 Pokrovsky, Mikhail Nikolaevich 492 Poland, Poles, Polish 23,54,80,388,515, 739, 757 police 9,625,646,652,660 gendarme(s) 589 informant 310 political 491-2,643-4 secret 10,327,646,668 transport 662 see abo Cheka, gpu, nkvd, ogpu Politburo see Communist Party Polosatov, A. 180-4,319,328,390,396,406, 421,449,460-2,467-8,478,500-1, 604-5,868 Popov 250 Populists, Russian 86,89,161,752 postal service, mail 207,382,666,716,723, 808,822 telegram 186-7,261,326,398,563,574 telegraph 17,54,102,207,241,551,716 telephone-telegram 581 see also Commissariat of Post and Tele graph, Russian Telegraph Agency Prasolov, [Aleksei Grigorevich?] 451,478, 868 Pravda 17,89,119,122,137-9, H7,156-7,159, 172,187,251,256,288,324,328,470,491, 495, 499,50З, 506, 5U, 516-19, 5304, 538, 543-4, 548,562,582, 594, 620, 655-9, 665, 683,703, 713,722, 724, 736, 742, 763, 768-72, 776,778, 780, 7834, 786-8, 796-9,791,794, 796-8, 803, 807-8, 819-20 Pravdin, Aleksandr [Iosif] Grigorevich 319, 396,405,437-8,446-8,457,459,461-2, 487,516, 543, 614, 644, 652, 737,743-5, 868-9 Preobrazhensky, Evgeny Alekseevich 226,64, u8,224,443,550,647,679,681, 683-4, 686-7,689,700-1, 704,707,712, 717,721,725,869 price(s) 34-7,292,346,435,470,526-9,553, 642,705,716-18,750,762,764,767,818
936 INDEX Primerov [ ] 392, 869 printer(s) 124,440 prison(s), prisoners 118,133,313,321,342, 388,398,400,403, 514,646, 661,663, 666-7,669, 701,744 jail 153-4, би, 667 producer( s) 39,56,59,105,107,127,131-2, 140,142,144,169, 202-3,205,251-2, 260-1,271-2, 296,350,387 all-Russian congress of 3-6,143,156,158, 254,261,272 commodities producers 5,59,139,169, 252,271 production 3-5,13, 20,28-9,39-40,44-5. 56,105-8,140-2,165,168-9,172-9,1915,201-5,212,251-6,315-17,348,375442-5,471,704,707,773-4 management of 45,173-4,192,202,31617,444,446,480 managing 115,117,139,143,156,172,205 new system of 279, 377 old capitalist system of 375-6 organisation of 31,40,105,134,175-6, 203,253 prewar 756 seizure of 173,425,445,457 productivity 4,12-13,16-41,45-6,80-1,105, 108,132,135,140,144,155,168-70,174, 201,296,300-1,324, 341,344,346-7, 384,386,438,449,469-70,472,527,817 profession(s), professional(s) 34,61,143, 297,341,344,478,519,566 chemist(s) 254,722,764 engineer(s) 3,38,107,173,182,258,266, 323,422,431, 447, 479, 529, 661 journalist(s) 518,615,673 lawyer(s) 401,567 medical doctor(s) 579,820 professor(s) 762 scientist(s) 62,132, 635,639 teacher(s) 175,673 Profintem (Red Trade Union International) 434, 672, 734, 777, 784-9, 791, 793-4, 796, 798 Prokopenko, M.I. 10 Prokopenko, O.Kh. 10 proletarian see encyclopedia, Proletarian Culture, science, universities semi 4,87,223,279, 688,729,752,779-80 Proletarian Culture (Proletkult) 206, 623-41 cultural cells 635 Proletarskaia revohutsiia 801 prosecutor 537,579,583,702 prosecutorial 320,620 9,114,186- province(s) 17-18,24,40,45,50,53, 58,63,
65-6,69,72-3,75,77,80,82-3,87, 109,111,114,131-2,142-3,155,171,207, 210-11,213-15,219,221-3,234,23840,258,264,266-8,272,295,306,326, 352,360-3,365,371,388-9,393, 396-9, 404-7,410,412,414,416,421-5,428,431, 439-42,446-7,449,451-2, 454-6, 467, 478-9, 481, 501, 504-7, 535, 540, 548, 555,557,559,561,564,566,571, 576, 578,580,585,588,595, 601, 614,675-6, 685,800,804,808 provincial 58,66, П4-15,150,156,240,264, 306,390,413,450,535,600, 806 Provisional Government 1, u, 769 provisions see food Pudalov 529 purge(s) see Communist Party (Russian or Soviet) Pykhtin 206,287 Rabkrin see Commissariat of Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection Rabochaia oppozlts'ua by Alexandra Kollontai 8,121,213,219, 623 Rabochaia oppozitsiia by Emelian Iaroslavsky 799 Rabochaia oppozitsiia: materiały i dokumenty, edited by M. Zorky 799 Radek [Sobelson], Karl Bemgardovich 6, 19-20,22-3,25,123,239,273,309,319֊ 20,324,329,375,380-1,490, 545,617, 619-20,680,719, 870 radio 207,577,582 Rafail [Farbman, Rafail Borisovich] 6,218, 237,250-1,681,870 railway workers 22,101,133,515,706 Railway Workers’Union 101,133 see also Tsektran Rakovsky, Khristian Georgievich [Stanchev, Kriestiu Georgiev] 22,26,83,85-7, из, 267,490,701,870-1 rank-and-file 23,6g, 74-8, U2, Ա5,157,159,
937 INDEX 161,164,188,197, 211, 216,219, 223, 226, 228, 234-6, 240-1, 247-8,265, 273, 2789, 282, 310, 324, 399, 498, 541, 545,582, 603, 624, 656, 683, 691-2, 697, 712 see also higher-ups Ravdel 491 raw materials 30-1, 35,37-8,43-5,75,79, 97,130,140,154-S 168, 341, 345. 347, 349-50, 398,438, 472, 477, 715, 810, 818-19 Razuvaevs 393 Red Army 14, 23,44, 88,123,208,228,230, 488,491,494,565,569-70, 616,622, 673,698 strikebreakers 570,616, 622 Reformation 625,632 Reichenbach, Bernhard 623 Registrad 583-5 religion 164,418,476,625, 631-2, 636 anti-religious propaganda 6 clergy 626 high priests 625, 631-2, 639 missionaries 687 priests 687,709 sectarian 687 Renaissance 632 repression 9, 68,123, 270,292, 308,310,395, 398,400-2,418,441,461, 615, 676,680 reprisal(s) 116,293,306-8,310, 389,413,507, 656,782,806,815 Revel (Tallinn) 403, 564-5,615, 738 Revolutionary Military Council (Revvoensovet or rvs) 29,47, 575 revolution from above 643,659-60 Riazan 113-14 Riazanov [Goldendakh], David Borisovich 12-13, 15,2°, 46,55-6,12°, r66,204,216, 218-19,222,224, 239-41, 251,255,257, 261,264,274,298-300,324,360,399, 536, 539, 562, 594, 693, 719, 871-2 Riga 134 Right Opposition 659 Rivkin, R.G. 283,285 Roland-Holst, Henriette 381,872 Romanov court 102 Rosmer, Alfred 748, 872 Rosta see Russian Telegraph Agency Rostov 65-7,564 Rostov-on-Don 440,450, 564,669 Rozental, Iakov Ivanovich 119,305,354,368, 372-3,421-2,426,428, 872 Rubakin, Nikolai 637,872-3 Rudniansky, Andreas [Endre Rudnyánszky] 77б 873 Rudzutak, Ian E. 22,25-7,118,167,433,475, 487,614,616,873-4 Rukhimovich, Moisei Lvovich 392,874 Ruí 588-9
Rumynov 486-7,495-6 Rusch, Oskar 671,874-5 Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (rsdrp) see Bolsheviks, Communist Party (Russian or Soviet), Men shevik^) Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (rsfsr) 5,54,155,328,403, 607 Russian Telegraph Agency (Rosta) 54,190 Rutgers, Sebald Justius 429-30, 875 Rybak, D[mitry] I[vanovich] 206, 239,284, 286,405, 875-6 Rychkov, S. 146,463 Rykov, Aleksei Ivanovich 22, 25-7,46-7,55, 148,151-2,542, 656, 659,704,762,766, 774, 781, 799, 875-6 Rykunov, Mikhail 120 Ryskin-Rysko, [Iakov Aleksandrovich?] 426,876 sabotage 58,62,65,97-8,153-4,170,190, 249,556,590,655, 661,801 Sadoul, Jacques 334,876 Safarov, Georgy 224,487,498,619 Safronov 152,483 sailors see military St. Petersburg 12,65,498 Piter 38, 67,132,198,207-8,210,219,351, 464,479, 537-8,705,741,762,801 see also Leningrad, Petrograd salaries 431,533,683,692 see also wages Samara 2,9,18,113-14,186-206,213-15,250, 332,514,590,623-41 samodeiatelnost see initiative from below Sapozhnikov, Grigory Lvovich 285,669, 876 Sapronov, Timofei Vladimirovich 16,64,69, 217, 679-80,698-701,703-4,707-10, 712,720-1,876-7
938 Saturday workdays, voluntary (subbotniks) 163-4,232 Savichev 564,567,579,587,596 Scheidemann, Philipp Heinrich 445-6,672, 877 school(s) 40,46,53,61,159,174-5,227,252, 259-60,265,342,560, 687,702,735 party school 635,638 schools of communism 142,174-5,255, 265 see ako education, student(s), universities science, scientist(s) 62,132,141,194,197, 200,341,624,629-30,634-40 proletarian 623-4,628,630-1,634-5, 639-40 Second Communist International see Com munist International Sedoi see Litvin-Sedoi self-activity see initiative from below Semashko, Nikolai Aleksandrovich 490 Semkov, Semen Moiseevich [Kogan, Samuil Moiseevich] 363,422,426,428,431,478, 877-8 September Opposition 725,737 Serebrennikov, Aleksandr A. 10 Serebriakov, Leonid Petrovich 22,25-6, n8, 614, 744, 878 Sergeev, F.A see Artem Sergeev, N.K. 284-5,305,369,372-Յ, 421, 423,426,878 Serge, Victor 27, 650 Shadurskaia, Zoia Leonidovna 318-19,4623,489-90,610,878-9 Shakhty Trial 660-1 see ako trials Shats 355,879 Shatskin 237 Shipillo 355-6 Shkiriatov, Matvei Fedorovich 559,792,822, 879 Shliapnikov, Aleksandr Gavrilovich 1-5,7, 9-12,15-24,26-49,52,57,59-63,90, 95-109, Ш-12,115-37,145,147-9,152, 154-8,161-72,176,190,202,204-14, 216-17,222,224-5,251-60,263-4,2703,275,284-5,287-8,293-313,3i5֊27, 329-37, 343-59,361-3, 366-94, 396400,403-5,407-11, 413,416-17,419-22, 427-31, 438-9, 441-3,446-8, 451-4, INDEX 458-66,473,475-81,483-9, 492-500, 502, 512, 516-18,521-32, 536-41, 54950,555,562-70, 573,576-89, 591-608, 6n-i8,620,643-6, 648-59,661-70, 681-724,736-823,879-80 Shmidt, Vasily Vladimirovich
302,304,3517,361,365-7,399,440,880-1 shock work 77, 80,106,155,202 Shokhanov, G.V. 319,441,461-2,483, 604-5, 881 show trial(s) see trial(s) Shtanko, A.M. 284-5 Shumsky 89 Shutskever, Fanya 644 Siberia 14,326,330,421,537,661-9 Trans-Siberian Railway 14 Sirotin, AD. 191,284-5 Sivert, V. 146,463 Skliznev, Pavel Andreevich 28,111,119,145, 154,322, Յ51-2,356,396,407,410,421, 424,431,440-1,462,464-6,478-9, 881 Skvortsov [Stepanov], Ivan Ivanovich 2078,881-2 slavery 17,437,519 Smidovich, S.N. 328,501-2,513,559, 605 Smilga, IvarTenisovich 22,211,220, 2245,23Յ, 235,240,244-9,436, 803, 882 Smirnov, Aleksandr 645 Smirnov, I.N. 22,592,686,725 Social Democratic Party of Germany (spd) 445, 447֊8 social engineering 640 socialism 13,123,333,340,343,427, 636, 642, 650, 670, 713, 726,752-3, 757-9, 762, 778-9, 791,794, 816-19 building 32,175,180,215, 344,525, 636, 642, 753, 778, 803,817 departure from 295 in one country 650-1,656,662,753 in the countryside 81 state 48 transition to 12,117,295,333,752 Socialist Academy 201,638-9 Socialist Party of France 748 Socialist Revolutionary Party (srs) 4,55, 94,97,120,123,130,223,251,259, 295, 307,310, Յ22, ՅՅ8,340,388,436,471,
939 INDEX 518,653,675-6,688,690,713,717,752. 771-2 Borotbist 84,86,89 Right SRS 14,84,86,8oo֊-i Socialist Revolutionary Maximalists 89, 190,800-1 see also Left Socialist Revolutionaries Society of Factory (and Plant) Owners 34, 447 Sokolniki u6,248 Sokolnikov [Brilliant], Grigory Iakovlevich [Girsh Iankelevich] 26,550-1,882-3 soldier(s) see military Solianka 150-1 Solovev 119,353,514,718-20, 883 Solts, Aron Aleksandrovich 207,212,328, 500,502,504-5,508-9, 511-12,514-15, 522, 536, 538-41,543-4, 549-50,576, 579, 585, 587, 602, 608-9, 654,770,790, 883-4 Sormovo 14,115,133,146,463 Sosnovsky, Lev Semenovich 213,216,218, 884 Sotsialistíchesky vestnik 778,781 Souvarine, Boris 319-20 Sovetov, Aleksei 416, 884 soviet(s) (This entry refers to soviets as coun cils and bodies of government, not to the Soviet state and society more broadly.) 1,5-6,9,11,14,16-17,20-1,24,30,413,50,57, 59-62, 65-6, 73-8, 80-4, 87, 90-4, 96-g, 106,114-15,117,121,123,127, 131,137-8,144,159-60,166,172,177-9, 182-6,190,192-4,196, 207-8, 211, 21418,220,223, 226, 231, 238, 242-5,256, 269-70, 272,276-8, 281-2,290, 3067, 314-17, 326,334, ՅՅ8-40, 342,347, 385,413-М, 427,443, 445-6,453-4, 499-500,535, 560, 572, 595, 599, 601, 606, 614, 617, 643, 652, 673, 678-9, 687, 702,732,744,761, 767, 770, 780, 800-1, 807 All-Russian Soviet of Workers’ and Sol diers’ Deputies 801 Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) 42,45,53-4,60-2,66,83,153,155,163, 179, Յ96,531,575,580,800-1 Congress of Soviets of Peasant Deputies 800-1 Eighth Congress of Soviets (December 1920) 117,128-37,148,288,575,714 Moscow Soviet 339-40,342,354,441,
552,565,569,603,605,615,622 Ninth Congress of Soviets (December 1921) 530-2 Peasant Soviet 801 Second Congress of Soviets 800-1 Seventh Congress of Soviets (December 1919) 575 Third Congress of Soviets 751 soviet building 75,139,208,223,340, 407-8,522 Soviet power 13,29-31,35,37,39-41,49,56, 70-1,84,90-2,97,100,106,123,138,152, 160,166,184,216,218,228,280-1, 33940,347-8, 384,387, 402, 416,437, 440, 457,471-2,476, 481,523,567,589, 605, 665,668,728,762,765,773, 800-1 Soviet Union (ussr) 8,294,491,644,646-7, 659-61,667,669,678, 682,744,751 sovkhoz see farm(s) Sovnarkom see Council of People’s Com missars specialist(s) 15,21,29-33,37,48,54,62, 656,69,71,73,75,82,106-7,117,120,130, 140-1,159,171-3,194,232,295,341,376, 393, 442,447,457, 660, 676, 757, 808 spets(es) 54,71,74-5, 81,173,194,196, 336,405,441,474,479 SRs see Socialist Revolutionary Party Stalin [Djugashvili], IosifVissarionovich 7, 10,16,22,25,27, u8,127,149,224,294, 299-300,326,331,335-6,609, 642-7, 650-3,655-62,665-8,670,722,7513,756,762-3,766,769,777,781,792, 795-7 Stalinism, Stalinist ю, 14, 660,762, 804 Stankov 508 state, the 1,11-12,15-16,17-19,25-6,28,59, 74, 95,97,132,159,164,172,175-8,185, 195,198,204,252-3,256,292,295,297, 322, 324, 347,349,378, 384,422,443, 446-7, 468-71, 478, 533-5, 538,540, 622,625-6,661, 674, 678, 714, 787-9 state capitalism see capital(ism) State Association of Machine-Building Factories (Gomza) 146,354,426-7,5289
INDEX 940 State Bank 551 State Commission for Electrification of Rus sia (goelro) 311 State Committee for Planning (Gosplan) 311,424-5.647. 696,714 State Construction Committee (Komgosor) 145 Moscow (Moskomgosor) 339 State Control Committee (Goskontrol) 63 State Institute of Dentistry 490 Stavropol 233 stenographer(s) xiv, 66,67,328,432,487, 569.575 stenographic report (selected) xiii-xiv, 63, 151,204,217,222, 266,432-3,464,484, 487. 521.562.577-8,605, 698,713,724, 736,788, 812 Stepanov 211,257,368,372-3,421,885 Stinnes, Hugo 678 sto see Council of Labour and Defence Stockholm 332,586 Stolbov 354 Stomoniakov 588 Storozhenko, A. 146,463 strike(s) 11,14-15, 88, 98,123,227,278,317, 322, 324-5,393,440,445,449,470-2, 474, 476-7, 493, 495, 524,533, 537,565, 570,616,642, 645,662,674, 688,735, 748,768 breaking 488-9,494,565,570,616 force 71 iund(s) 317,322,434,445,470 Italian 449 protest 537 Strokin, V. 146,463 Strumilin, Stanislav Gustavovich 38 student(s) 164,332,586, 638-9,644,702,799 Stukov 521-2 subbotnik(s) see Saturday workdays, volun tary Sulimov, Daniil G. Egorovich 353, 885 Sweden, Swedish 473,488,526,528,615, 704-5 Switzerland 617 syndicalism, syndicalist(s) 3-6,12,15,48, 52,54, из, ii6,123,125,127,129-30,133, 136-7,158,165-7, 172, 204, 2°6, 208-9, 213-14,233, 235-6, 241,250, 252-3, 256, 261, 267, 272-5, 284-5, 287, 289, 318, 334, 393, 409, 461,500, 503, 507, 518, 599, 603, 610, 612, 617, 672, 674, 684, 746, 811, 813 see abo anarcho-syndicalism syndicate(s) 767 Nonferrous Metals Syndicate 663 see abo trust(s) Tarasov, Georgy Fedorovich (Moscow) 322, З51,
355-6,359,361,373,396,410,421, 423, 431, 449,460, 465, 474, 479, 483, 885-6 Tarasov, Vladimir E. (Omsk) 10, 821, 886 Tarasova, K.M. 10 Tarygin ид, 305,368-9, 372-3, 421, 428, 474, 479, 886 Tashkin, A.M. 305,319,322,351,356,364, 368-70,372-3,421-2, 459, 462-3, 466, 541,886 Tatar 674 Tauride Palace 489 tax(es) 267,293,378,397,553,580, 642, 652, 715-16, 719, 730, 750, 763-4, 767, 774, 778 tax-in-kind 121,267,292-3, 295,336,346, 348, 397, 553, 614, 774, 778 Taylorism (Frederick W. Taylor) 13,191 technology 36,40,62,155,191,200, 202,469, 629,632,634 telegram see postal service telegraph see postal service telephone 264,540,563,574,581,587, 619, 763 Tenth Party Congress see Communist Party congresses and conferences Terracini, Umberto 319-20,603, 611, 614, 617-18,620,886 terror 7,423-4,660,669,684 textile(s) 4,15,32,35,347,398, 625, 717 textileworkers n, 35,146,254,261, յո, 420, 436,464,478,582 Textileworkers’ Union 11,19,146, 396, 420,464 Moscow Textileworkers’ Union 19 theatres 144,195,484,554 Bolshoi 554,584 Maksim Gorky studio 554 Malyi 554 Moscow Artistic 554
941 INDEX Thermidor 803 Third Communist International see Com munist International, Third Tikhonravov, Nikolai Mikhailovich 176-80, 264,284-5,886 Tokchak 579 Tolokontsev, Aleksandr Fedorovich 1,19, 115,119-20,145,154,303,319,328,355, 363-4, 368, 373-4, 437, 444-5, 447,459, 462-3, 479, 512-13,529, 545, 563, 604, 643-4, 887 Tomsky [Efremov], Mikhail Pavlovich 1823,25-7,46,56-7,78,99,118-19,128-9, 136,147,149,151-4,165,171-2,188,204, 207,222,233,251,259,261-4,275,296300,321-2,324, 360,399,466-7,474-5, 479-80, 486-7, 521, 524, 550, 579,594, 645,656, 659, 744,749,887-8 see ako All-Russian Central Trade Union Council, Right Opposition towns 30,47, 66, 72, 208,223,339-40,347, 392,424, 709,718,727-30,780, 810,817 towns and countryside 34,208,223, 339-40,755 townspeople 385 trade unions see unions transport 4,12,14,18,22-3,34,36-7,43,45, 62-3,98,101,106,133,143,147,151,202, 292,346-7,349,402,429,513,527-8, 53°, 552,662,687,702,706-7,714,716, 743, 771 automobile(s) 40,70,102,150-2,172, 266,335,380,405 locomotives 40,191,328, 444,473,488, 495,513,526-9,553,614-15, 704,706, 7!3-i4, 771 railroads, railway(s) 13-14,17,22,37,50, 101,133,165,236,280,328,345,347,385, 393,503, 507,515, 526-7, 532-Յ, 551-Յ, 575, 662, 706, 715-16, 725, 771 steam engine(s) 434 steam ship(s) 385 train cars 133,135, 473, 552-Յ, 7H, 771 trains 47,102,145,342,402 tram(s) 144-5, Յ42,385,551 water 22-3,101,133 transport workers 34,101,133 Trans-Siberian Railway 14 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 14,438 Tretiakov [ ] 391-2,888 trial(s) 133,209,310-12,330,485,490,494, 522,530,537,539,576,581, 585-7,6601, 669,701-3,720
Trifonova, Mania 650,658,802-5 see ako Pivon triumvirate 642, 645-7,649 Trotsky [Bronshtein], Lev Davidovich 54, 70,72, 82,136-7,266,275,375,451,467, 490, 534, 582-4,619, 644, 661, 706, 7623, 800, 888-9 bureaucracy 255-7,695-6,710 cc 22-6,112,118,335-6,543,614,616, 696,701 Comintern 309,319-20,380-1,543-5, 603,610, 613-14,616,619 Kronstadt 335 Left Opposition 647-51,679-80,695-7, 701-3,709-10,738,741-Յ Lenin’s ‘testament’ and succession 646- 7,649 militarisation of industry 17-19,22-4, 46-7, иг, И7,130-4,524 Polish war 228 Politburo 16,50-2 Stalin 336, 651,655-6 Trade union debate 1,18,24-8,11315,117-21,129,148,152,157-8,165-7, 169-73,180-1,183,201-6,251-2,258-9, 261-2,264-5,296-7,299,555,699 United Opposition 10,642,651, 655-7, 659, 763, 803, 806,808-10 Trotskyism, Trotskyist 148,183,258,397, 555,642,648-9,660-4, 685, 695,701, 738,784,803, 808,810, 820-1 Trud newspaper 714 trust(s) 15,31,132,295,350,433-6,438,471, 473, 525, 764 Southern Metallurgical Trust (Iugostal) 479 Ukrainian Tobacco Trust 650, 763 see also State Association of MachineBuilding Factories (Gomzy), syndic ate^) Tsaritsyn (Stalingrad, Volgograd) 488,493, 614 Tsektran 22-3,26,101,110,133,148-50,16572,263,297,300,399 Tsentrobalt 336
942 INDEX Tsiurupa, Aleksandr Dmitrievich 210,222, 889-90 Tsyperovich, Grigory 27 Tula 14,18,115,120,217,222,302,351,358, 391.464, 466, 479. 721 Tuntul 2o6,24g, 286 Turkestan 44, 78,189,299,487 typewriters 150-1,153,266,737 Ufa 575 Uglanov, Nikolai A. 302,304,351,353-7,361, 365.498,890 Ukraine, Ukrainian 7,52, 64,66-7,82-95, 113-14,215,316,417-19,423,428,4401,498,512,589,592,600,650,659,669, 744,763-6, 800-2 see abo Communist Party of Ukraine Ulianova, Mania Ilinichna 654,790 unemployment 322,402,430-1,444,470, 547,642, 647,663,687,690,709,725, 727-8,746-7,756,764,810 union congresses and conferences All-Russian congresses of trade unions 90,108 All-Ukraine Congress of Trade Unions 441 Fifth All-Russian Conference of Trade Unions 2,26, 92, Ш, 147-8,150-1,162 Fifth All-Russian Congress of Trade Uni ons (September 1922) 324,408,424 First All-Russian Trade Union Congress (January 1918) 12,56, 99-100,138, 178-9 Fourth All-Russian Congress of Trade Uni ons (May 1921) 296-302,369,371, 388, 397-9, 411-12, 417, 423-4, 434,452, 486,497, 582 Kharkov gubernia congress of trade uni ons (1921) 441 Second All-Russian Congress of Trade Unions (February 1919) 99-100,138, 178-9 Third Congress of Trade Unions (April 1920) 22,99-100,135,138,299 see abo Metalworkers’ Union, Miners’ Union unions cell(s) 132,141,144,156,165,168,173,175, 192, 266, 341 International Council of Trade Unions (Mezhsovprof) 264 production unions 28-9,43-5, 51, 56, 59-63,80,95, 97,105,107-8, no, 130, 136,140-1,143,156,158,258,272,296-8, 341,415,424,436,456,673 profession-based unions 129,142,155, 297 trade union
movement 33,51-2,55,58, 60-1,95-100,103,108-9, in, 128-9,132, 136-7,147i 151,165-6,171-2,183-4, 201, 205,209,253,259,265,272,299,324, 352, 360, 407-9,412-13, 434,436, 454, 461, 473-4, 478,500, 590, 617, 643, 6713, 746,748,758-9,765, 778, 784, 787, 789 trade union commission 26-7,147-54 trade unionism 129-30,204,777 see abo All-Russian Council of Trade Unions, Amsterdam International of Trade Unions, factory, industry labour, peasant unions, Shliapnikov, strikes, Tomsky, unions by trade or profession United Front 20,296,314-15,318-19, 329, 438,443, 445-6,458, 460-1, 493, 516, 536,542,555,557-9,614,618-19, 658, 777,793 United General Confederation of Labour 749 United Opposition 10,651,656-9, 664, 784 universities 635,638,201 proletarian 9,190,201,638 worker 638-9 Unshlikht 584 unskilled worker(s) 34, 44, 758 uprising 14,123,192,209,403,440, 495, 575, 648,717,764,799,803 Cossack 666 Kronstadt 6,123-4,334-5, 698-9 Left sr 223,226,229,277,280 peasant 123,668,699 worker 325 Urals 2,18, us, 207,287,302,315,351, 353, 356,358,364,388,397,422,425, 430, 440,442, 445,450,466,479, 541, 549, 718 Central Urals 479 Uralsk И4,353 Urabky rabochy И5
INDEX Urquhart, John Leslie 775,890-1 United States of America 31,39-40,255, 29Յ, 313-14.429-31,438-9,451,473, 477,728,732,753,756 utopia(n) 314,430-1,692,728,73°, 739,778 Vainberg [Veinberg], Gavriil Davydovich 119,891 vanguard 103,165,208,217-18,227,229,235, 251,279,522,524,535-6,599,607,623, 627,629,635,759,779 'vanguard of a non-existent class’ 329, 524 Vardin [also Vardin-Mgeladze], Illarion 550 Vasilev, Antony Efimovich (References to Vasilev on the page numbers enclosed in brackets do not have a first initial. I am judging from the context that they seem to refer to A.E. Vasilev.) 146, [305], 354-5, [361,368,373,421,460], 463, 891-2 Vasilev, S.P. 311-12,581 Vasilevsky 577 Veprintsev, Nikolai Aleksandrovich 428, 892 verkhi і nizy see higher-ups and rank-andfile Vichinsky, Mikhail A. 10,663-4 Vladimir (city and/or gubernia) 113,388,714 Vladimirov [Mednichikhin], Mikhail Petro vich 28,111,119,134,145,303,305,313, 320-2,351,363-4,368-73,421,425, 428-9, 431, 436-7, 443,446-7,457-8, 462,465-6, 644, 892-3 emotional outburst 364 Volga 293 Vorobev, [Mikhail Aleksandrovich?] 421, 423, 427,431, 440,472, 479, 893 Voronin, V. 146,463 Voroshilov, Klim Efremovich 224,433,586, 766,893-4 Votkinsk 14 VSNKh see All-Russian Economic Council VTsIK see soviet(s), Central Executive Committee VTsSPS see All-Russian Central Trade Union Council Vyksa 353,464,479, 5И 943 wage rates 25, 33-9,51-2,105,130,135,144, 168,170,200,300,343-5,417,426,478, 762 agreement 12-13,20,33՜5,37,51՜2,55՜ 6, 58,105, 415, 451,456 commissions 417-18 committees 4 policy 34,37-8,81,132,135,168-9,174, 344, 398,445
wages 4,11,13,33-д, 43,46,51-2,97,105, 130,132,144, 266, 350,403-4 427, 434, 447,449,452,468, 470, 478,482, 485, 493, 524, 526, 531-Յ, 552, 642, 647, 673, 692,715, 746, 753, 755, 757-8, 764, 781, 811 piece work 13,34-6,38-9,132 see abo salaries War Communism see communism water-transport workers 22,101,133 Water-Transport Workers’ Union see Tsektran weapon (metaphor) 75,194,197,339, 529,611,630,652, 656,734,740,758, 769 Western Europe see Europe White armies, forces 6,14,17,41,112,225, 228,271,276, 279,487,518,543, би, 66ı, 663,704 white-collar employee(s) 4-5,30,33,132, 172, շս, 418,432,763 clerk 77,196,211,650,673 office worker 30,33,132,193,211 see also bureaucrat(s), engineer(s), spe cialises) women 6,51,238,245,326,337,379,470, 519,586,644 International Women’s Day 619 International Women’s Secretariat 570 women workers 6,220,337,449,514, 748, 757 Women’s Department of the cc of the Rcp(b) and cpsu (Zhenotdel) 49, 122,335-7,379,381,487 see abo Elizarova, Ezerskaia, Fischer, Goldstein, Kollontai, Krupskaia, stenographer(s), Shadurskaia, Trifonova, Ulianova, Zemliachka, Zetkin Woodworkers’ Union 153 worker aristocracy 757-8
944 INDEX yellow ticket 698 youth 51,237, 644,649,720,742,799, 810 see abo children, students workerisation 2,42,63, 69,124,127,136,160, 197,216,243,269,616 workerist 6,113,307, 644-5 worker-peasant alliance 656, 661 worker-peasant inspection see Com missariat of Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection Worker-Peasant Socialist Party 112,307, 337-43. 388 see also Paniushkin workers (selected topics) control 12-13,96,210,422 oppositionism 668 unrest 14-15,114,120,122,124,158,219, 334,533, 660 workerisation 2,42, 63, 69,124,127,136, 160,197-8,216,243, 269-70,616 workerist (ouvriériste) 6,113,307,644-5 see also American, artel(s), artisan(s), class, craft(s), European, factory, foreign, French, German, industry, international, labour, profession(s), proletarian, union(s), unemployment, unskilled, white-collar employee(s), women, workers by trade and pro fession, Workers’ Group, Workers’ Opposition, Workers’ Truth Workers’ Group of the Russian Communist Party 8-9,331,392,643-6,693-4,700 see abo Miasnikov Workers’ Opposition (selected topics) cell 653 legal factionalism 112-37,180-6,206-75, 333-6 origins and development 11-29,67-72, 76,85,90-in, 147-54 overview 1-Ю resolutions 276-83 theses 137-47,160 see abo Kollontai, Kopylov, Kutuzov, Lenin, Medvedev, Milonov, Mitin, New Economic Policy, Paniushkin, Perepechko Rabochala oppozitsiia, Samara, Shliapnikov Workers’ Truth 9, 643-5,675,693-4 World War i 6,13-14, 65,292,331,678 World War π 646 wrecking see sabotage Zaburdaev, A 146,464 Zalutsky, Petr Antonovich 22,206,287,400, 440,586, 608,645,658,894-5 Zamoskvoretsky district
74,248,311-12,504 Zarzhevsky, G.P. 284-5 Zatonsky Vladimir Petrovich 224,766, 895 Zavialova 233 Zelensky, Isaak Abramovich 405,524,560, 577,585, 896 Zemliachka, Rozaliia 312,504 Zetkin, Clara 320,569,603-4,611-13, 61718,896 Zheltov, I.I. 354,479, 896-7 Zhenotdel see Communist Party (Russian or Soviet) Zhilin 319,460,462-3,483 Ziese, Max 670-2,674,897 Zimmerwald Left 545 Zinoviev [Radomyslsky], Grigory Evseevich [Ovsei-Gersh Aronovich] 22-7,64-9, 82, 84-5, 90-5,99-100,117-18,128-9, 157,167,171-5,188,201-5, 208, 2i6, 221, 234-5,257,266-8,275,308,331,334-5, 363,382,395,399-400,404-5,407-8, 433,483-6,488-90,498,550,555,557՜ 8,560,575,578֊9,588,644-6,650-1, 665,703,711-12,721,739,741-3,751,756, 761-3,768, 800,897 attacks on the Workers’ Opposition 4֊ 5, 85,9Յ-5, ИЗ, 172,244,251-5,262,271, 302 Comintern leader 48,267,318-20,484, 568,586,603-4,610, 612-14,616,61921 Leningrad Opposition 761-3 on the party’s role 16-17,19,23,66, 68֊ 9,72,90, 571,586,675-7,743 trade union commission 25-7,149-50 triumvir 642,646, 650 United Opposition 10, 651, 653,655-7, 659,763, 803,806,808,810 Znamenka 47 Zorin 508 Zubov, S.E. 283-4 •Mfteblbllot?«·* (IfeBCh·* |
| adam_txt |
Contents Acknowledgements xi Explanatory Notes xii Abbreviations and Acronyms Introduction xv і і Background to the Trade Union Debate, March 1919-Autumn 1920: The Workers’ Opposition in Formation 11 1 Economic section of RCP(b) programme, point 5, adopted at the Eighth Congress of the Rcp(b), March 1919 29 2 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Specialists’ 29 3 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Wages and Labour Productivity’ 33 4 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Production and Productivity’ 36 5 A.G. Shliapnikov,‘Industrial Productivity’ 38 ' 6 A.G. Shliapnikov’s report to a meeting of the All-Russian Metalworkers’ Union (vsrm) central committee, the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions (VTsSPS), and other union personnel, Autumn 1919 41 7 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Tasks of the Russian Proletariat’s Economic Organisations’ 43 8 A.M. Kollontai’s diary notes, January-February 1920 46 9 Speeches by Iu.Kh. Lutovinov and A.S. Kiselev at the Ninth Congress of the Rcp(b), March-April 1920 49 10 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Relations between the Russian Communist Party, the Soviets, and Production Unions’ 59 11 Speeches by Iu.Kh. Lutovinov, S.P. Medvedev, I.I. Kutuzov, and A.M. Kollontai at the Ninth Conference of the Rcp(b), September 1920 63 12 Iu.Kh. Lutovinov’s proposals to the Ninth Conference of the RCP(b), September 1920 73 13 N. Kopylov, ‘That Which Needs to be Destroyed: “Higher-ups” and “Rank-and-File”’ 74 14 A.M. Kollontai’s diary notes, circa October 1920 78 15 Theses presented to some party cells and to the central committee of the All-Russian Metalworkers’ Union in the autumn of 1920 78 16 Iu.Kh. Lutovinov, Letter to
Ukrainian Comrades, 23 October 1920 82 17 Remarks by I.N. Perepechko, Antonov, and G.E. Zinoviev at the Fifth
CONTENTS 18 19 20 Conference of the Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine (cp(b)u), 17-22 November 1920, Kharkov 84 Letter from G.E. Zinoviev to I.N. Perepechko, 26 November 1920, with excerpts from Perepechko’s letter to Zinoviev 93 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Tasks of Workers’ Unions’ 95 Circular of the All-Russian Union of Metalworkers Communist Faction Bureau about organising party cells in the provinces, Moscow, 16 December 1920 109 The Trade Union Discussion, December 1920-March 1921: The Workers’ Opposition as a Fully-Formed Legal Faction 112 1 A.G. Shliapnikov’s speech at the Eighth Congress of Soviets, Moscow, 30 December 1920 128 2 Theses of the Workers’ Opposition: Tasks of Trade Unions 137 3 Iu.Kh. Lutovinov, Report to the All-Russian Trade Union Council (VTsSPS) on the work of the November-December 1920 trade union commission 147 4 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Economic Organisation and Unions’ Tasks: For Discussion’ 154 5 A.M. Kollontai, ‘Time to Analyse’ 157 6 A.M. Kollontai’s corrections to the Theses on Party Building 160 7 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Our Intraparty Disagreements’ 161 8 A.G. Shliapnikov’s speeches to the Communist Faction of the Second All-Russian Congress of Mineworkers 165 9 N. Kopylov, ‘Mistake or Urgent Task?’ 172 I о N.M. Tikhonravov, Supplement to the Theses of the Workers’ Opposition about the Tasks of Trade Unions 176 II Polosatov’s and Kuznetsov’s speeches at the Fourth cp(b)u Conference of Donetsk gubernia, 16-18 February 1921 180 12 Documents from Samara about the debates over party building, culture, and the tasks of trade unions, February 1921 186 13
[A.D.] Sirotin, ‘Theses for the Report about Party Building’, Eighth Samara Gubernia RC p(b) Conference, January 1921 191 14 ÍU.K. Milonov, ‘Theses: the Content of our Cultural Work’, Eighth Samara Gubernia Rcp(b) Conference 198 15 Iu.K. Milonov, ‘Trade Unions and their Role in the Economic life of the Country: Theses of a Report to the Eighth Samara Gubernia Conference of the RCP(b)’ 201 16 Speeches, Resolutions, Materials, and Declarations Relating to the Workers' Opposition at the Tenth Party Congress, March 1921 206
CONTENTS 17 VII Iu.K. Milonov, ‘Assembly of Former Underground Party Members during the Tenth Party Congress’ 289 3 From the Ban on Factions through the Eleventh Party Congress, 1921-2: Former Worker Oppositionists Respond to the New Economic Policy and to Repression Against Them 292 1 A.M. Kollontai’s diary entries, March-April 1921 333 2 Appeals of the Worker-Peasant Socialist Party led by Vasily Paniushkin, early 1921 337 3 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘To the Fourth Congress of the All-Russian Metalworkers’ Union (vsrm)’ 343 4 A.G. Shliapnikov, Our Economic Policy and Practice’ 345 5 Speeches protesting against party appointment of Metalworkers’ Union leaders; protocols of the rcp cc’s commission, the bureau of the communist faction, and the communist faction of the congress; and other materials relating to the Fourth Congress of the Metalworkers’ Union in May 1921 351 6 A.M. Kollontai’s speech to the Third Comintern Congress, 5 June 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1921 375 A.M. Kollontai’s diary entries, July-August 1921 379 Letter from A.G. Shliapnikov to S.P. Medvedev, 28 June 1921 382 Letter from A.G. Shliapnikov and S.P. Medvedev to the Politburo and VTsSPS, July 1921, protesting VSNKh decrees 383 Letter from [A.G. Shliapnikov] to comrade [N.S] Mamchenko, 6 July 1921 388 Letter from F.A. Mitin to S.P. Medvedev, summer 1921 389 Letter from A.G. Shliapnikov to F.A. Mitin 394 Protocol and resolution from a meeting of Rcp(b) members who had belonged to the Workers’ Opposition, 8 July 1921 396 Resolution offered by Aleksei Sovetov to the delegates’ assembly of the Bauman district
Rcp(b) organisation, 29 July 1921 416 Letter received by Ukrainian comrades in 1921 from a former member of the Workers’ Opposition, perhaps Ivan Perepechko 417 Letter from Levit of the Kommunistische Arbeiter-Partei Deutschlands (kapd) to AG. Shliapnikov, 30 August 1921, and Shliapnikov’s signed response, 31 August 1921 419 Excerpts from speeches at the All-Russian Union of Metalworkers central committee plenum, 17-21 October 1921 421 Iu.Kh. Lutovinov’s speech to the Eleventh Party Conference, 19-22 December 1921, and related party documents 432
VIII ig 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 CONTENTS Undated minutes from a meeting of the Workers’ Opposition or the 22 436 A.G. Shliapnikov’s letter to the Politburo about the Genoa conference, February 1922 438 Protocol of a 10 February 1922 meeting of a group of 25 delegates to the Fifth All-Russian Congress of Metalworkers and other minutes from meetings of those who would sign the Letter of the 22 439 Letter of the 22 to the Comintern, signed by Shliapnikov, Kollontai, et al. 460 Comparison of those signing the Letter of the 22 and the theses of the Workers’ Opposition 462 Selected Speeches at the Meeting of the Rcp(b) Faction of the Fifth Congress of the Metalworkers’ Union, 2-7 March 1922 464 Letter from Z.L. Shadurskaia to the Politburo, 8 March 1922 489 Letter from S.P. Medvedev to the Orgburo, 9 March 1922 490 A.G. Shliapnikov’s correspondence regarding the 22, March 1922 492 Party Central Control Commission (ccc) questioning of the 22, 17 March 1922 500 Letter from V.L. Paniushkin in support of Shliapnikov and Medvedev, on the eve of the Eleventh Party Congress 516 N. Kopylov,‘For a United Party’ 516 Eleventh Congress of the rc p(b), March-April 1922, Published Speeches at Open Sessions, Unpublished Speeches at 2 April 1922 Closed Session, Published Resolution and other Materials Relating to the Former Workers’ Opposition 521 A.M. Kollontai’s diary entries on the appeal of the 22 and on the Eleventh Party Congress 6x8 Letter from A.M. Kollontai to the Comintern Executive Committee, copying the Politburo 622 Letter from A.M. Kollontai to the editorial
board of the ‘Communist Worker Newspaper’ of Germany, requesting that it cease publication of her brochure, Rabochaia Oppozitsiia, 22 September 1921 623 Iu.K. Milonov, On the Way to a Worker Encyclopedia: Instead of a Preface’ 623
CONTENTS IX 4 Fonner Worker Oppositionists in the Debates of the ne p Era and During the First Five-Year Plan, 1922-30 642 1 Letter from S.P. Medvedev in Berlin to A.G. Shliapnikov in Moscow, 26 September 1922 670 2 Iu.Kh. Lutovinov’s Speech at the Twelfth Rcp(b) Congress, 17-25 April 675 S.P. Medvedev’s Notes from 6 December 1923, Possibly from a Private Talk Given in Moscow by a German Communist 678 N.A. Kubiak’s speech to the Thirteenth Party Conference, 17 January 1924 679 A.G. Shliapnikov, Our Differences’, Pravda, 18 January 1924 681 Resolution Proposed by A.G. Shliapnikov and Others from the Former Workers' Opposition, [January] 1924 697 A.G. Shliapnikov’s Speeches at the Second Khamovniki District Party Conference, Moscow, 7-10 January 1924 698 S.P. Medvedev, ‘Letter to a Baku Comrade’, 1924 722 Letter from S.P. Medvedev in Moscow to A.G. Shliapnikov in France, 27 December 1924, and A.G. Shliapnikov’s Answering Letter, Dated 7 January 1925, written in Paris 738 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Features of the Current Moment: About Results of the Fourteenth Party Conference’, with S.P. Medvedev’s Suggested Changes, May 1925 749 A.M. Kollontai’s Diary Notes, February 1926 and November [1927] 761 Letter from I.I. Nikolaenko, Kiev [to A.G. Shliapnikov and S.P. Medvedev], circa 1926 763 Letter from A.G. Shliapnikov, Moscow, to [I.I. Nikolaenko], 12 May 1926 765 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘About a Demonstrative Attack and the Rightist Danger in the Party’ 768 Letter from A.G. Shliapnikov and S.P. Medvedev to the ccc Presidium and the Politburo of the cc ѵкр(Ь), 17 September 1926 783 Letters
from A.G. Shliapnikov and S.P. Medvedev to the Politburo, cc, and ccc VKp(b), October 1926 784 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Letter to the Editor’ 799 Undated Letter from Unknown Person (Perhaps Marira Trifonova), to Which Shliapnikov Replied in a 19 July 1927 Letter 802 Letter from Aleksandr [Shliapnikov] to Unknown Person, 19 July 1927 805 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘Lessons of Intraparty Struggle’ 809 1923 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
x CONTENTS 21 22 23 24 25 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘For Industrialisation and For Socialism’ 816 A.G. Shliapnikov,‘Letter to the Editor’ 819 A.G. Shliapnikov’s Letter to the Bureau of the Omsk District (Okrug) Party Committee, 4 April 1930 820 A.G. Shliapnikov, ‘A Big Mistake by a Small Group in Omsk’, 28 February 1930: Excerpts 821 Letter from A.G. Shliapnikov and S.P. Medvedev to the ccc, 28 April 1930, with a Copy to the Politburo 821 Biographical Glossary Bibliography 898 Index 912 825
Bibliography Newspapers and Journals Bolshevik Izvestiia Izvestiia TsKRKP(b) Luch Metallist Pravda Archives Hoover Institution Library Archives, Stanford University, California. Archives of the Soviet Communist Party and Soviet State: Microfilm Collection, Russian State Archives of Social and Political History (Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sotsialnopoliticheskoi istorii - rgaspi). State Archive of the Russian Federation {Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv RossUskoi Federatsii ֊ garf) fond 130 fond 382 fond 5451 Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom) Commissariat of Labour (Narkomtrud) Bureau of the Communist Faction of the All-Russian Council of Trade Unions fond 5469 Central Committee of the All-Russian Union of Metalworkers Central Archive of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation ( Tsentralnyi arkhiv Federalnoi Sluzhby Bezopasnosti RossiiskoiFederatsii - TsA fsb) Кз37!8 d. 499061, Moscow Group of the "Workers’ Opposition’ (56 vols.) vols. 3-4, investigatory materials on A.G. Shliapnikov voi. 5, investigatory materials on S.P. Medvedev voi. 12, material evidence on A.G. Shliapnikov voi. 13, material evidence on S.P. Medvedev voi. 14, material evidence on I.I. Nikolaenko, Shliapnikov, Medvedev, and others vols. 36-43, materials confiscated from S.P. Medvedev Russian State Archive of Social-Political History (Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv sotsialno-politicheskoi istorii - rgaspi)
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Index This index includes entries for people, institutions, places, and subjects discussed in the main text of the book. From the biographical glossary, only key entry names are indexed. If a person assumed a different name by which they were better known, the assumed name is indexed and the birth name is inserted in brackets. Brackets also envelop first names and patronymics or ini tials of which I am unsure. Parentheses are used for abbreviations and acronyms of institutions, shortened forms of personal names, and information identifying individuals whose first names are not known. 1905 Revolution 12,271,517,761 1917 Revolution 1-2, u-14,34,37,48,50,52, 96,122-3,129,159, 207, 323,444-5.475. 477,480, 490, 517, 567, 606, 620, 679, 751. 763. 780 February (March) 96,422,759,769 July 782,793 October (November) 14,32,36,50, 52,89, 98, no, 160,181,226,244,280, 338-40, 343, 345, 422, 717, 727, 771, 781, 799-801, 809, 811, 815 Achinsk 668 Africa 757 Aglt-Rosta 54 Agranov, Iakov 662 agrarian 94,713 agriculture 40,45, 62,79-80,125,143,155, 175,193-4, 23Յ. 255,269,280,292,2945,342,346-50,408,427,525,530-1, 625,642,652,665,690,696,704-5, 713,715-16,718,727-30,739-40,742-3, 752-5,760,767,770-2,810,817-19 agricultural bank 755 agricultural cooperatives 767 agricultural machines and tools 40,125, 145,342,718,817 development of agriculture 255,690, 704-5,727-8,752,754-5,770,818-19 market-gardening 45 tractors 255 see also collectivisation, Commissariat of Agriculture Aleksandrov (city) 176,464 Alekseev, M.G. 283-4,474 All-Russian Central Trade Union Council (VTsSPS)
18-22,25,27,33,37,41-3,45, 50-1,56,58, 60, 66,118-19,120 1շ8,132, 13б, 142,147-53,157,163,169, U9, 222, 253,258,263-4,296-300,304-5, 31314, 322, 324, 360-1, 369, 373-4, 383-4, 396,398-9, 422-3,425-6, 431, 43б, 451, 467, 479-Տօ, 674, 777 communist faction 18,21,50-1,56,119, 147-53,369,373-4,422,431 gubernia trade-union council(s) 183, 296-7,396,415,423,425,456, 473 All-Russian Council of National Economy (VSNKh) 3,11,15-17,19,25, 28,45,1034,106-7,130-2,135-6,142,146,148,151, 155,157,159,179,256,258,261,29-6, 306,308,311-14,341,370-1,383, 385-7, 389,394-5,398,422,463,529, 587, 662, 765,771 Electric Department ( Glavelektro ) 313, 427-9, 467,479 glavk(i) 15,45,51,120,131,135,146,171, 17Յ, 175,179,257,261,355,415,426, 435՜ 6, 447, 456,472, 525 Metals Department (Glavmetall) 173, 313-14,425-9,451,467,527,529 Mining Council 146 Textiles Committee (Glavtekstil) 261 sovnarkhoz(es) 19,45-6,110,148,151, 179, 254,259,392, 456,479 American Relief Administration (ara) 293 American workers 313-14,429-30,473, 732 Amsterdam 777,779,783 International of Trade Unions 783 anarchism, anarchists 3-4,54, 64,89,124, 127,190,206,208-10,235,271-2,275, 289,318,324,338,533,566, 599, 601, 610,627, 631 anarcho-syndicalism 4-6,127,206, 267,
913 INDEX 284-5,409, 500, 507, 518, 603, 612, 617, 684, 813 anarcho-syndicalist deviation 127,206, 267,284-5,4°9 603, 612 see ako syndicalism Andreev, Andrei Andreevich 22,25-7,116, 118-19,147-8,152-4,261,266,321,425, 441,475.479.550.580, 825 animals 34,39,196, 402,633,665 cattle 45,80,718,740,818 dogs of capital 445 goats 76,538 horses 172,238,406, 718, 754,818 scapegoat 51,136,329,538,660,668,780 sheep 76,417,538,694 swine (figurative) 259,261,401,404,409 wolf in sheep’s clothing 694 antiparty 54,311-12, ЗЗ2,530,556. 570,59°, 594,596-8, 601-2,606,608,653,657, 667-8,787 Antipov, Nikolai Kirillovich 440,825-6 Antonov, [Isaif Pavlovich?] 84-5, 88, 90, 93-4,283-4,621,826 Antonov-Ovseenko, Vladimir Aleksandrovich 332,562,590-З, 680,826 Anzhero-Sudzhensk 661 appointmentism 73, 82,158,160,203,211, 230,281,313,323,423,426,647 arbitrary, arbitrariness 293,324,411,452 Armand, Inessa 48 army 11,14,17,22,44,47, 64, 88,101,123,191, 208,228,230,330,349,488-9,491,522, 494,522, 530, 565-6, 569, 575, 577, 622, 624, 627-8, 635, 643, 673, 698 First Army 575 French army 330,537 labour armies 17,19,25,47,524 Makhno’s army 64, 67 Red Army 14, 23,44,88,123,208,228, 230,488,491,494,565,569-70,616, 622, 673,698 Red Army Militaiy Academy 698 Seventh Army 575 tsarist army 566 artel(s) 349,714 Artem [Sergeev, Fedor Andreevich] 22, 25,118,222, 251,297,299-300, 582-3, 827 Artemevsky 803 artisan(s) 4,59,552 see ako handicrafts(men) Arutiuniants, S. 146,271,463,827 Asia 667,775 Central Asia 667 Astrakhan 29,575,577 automobile(s) 40,70,102,150-2,172,266, 335,380,405 Autoworkers’ Union 35 Avanesov, Varlam
Aleksandrovich [Suren Karpovich Martirosian] 212,256,827 avant-garde 127,181-3 aviation factories 146 Aviation Industry Board 462 Avilov-Glebov, Nikolai see Glebov-Avilov, Nikolai Azerbaijan 652-4,723,770 Azerbaijani Cheka 652 Azerbaijani Oil 723 Azerbaijani Party Control Commission 653-4 Communist Party of Azerbaijan (Bolshev iks) 770 Babkin, I.P. 457,460,542, 827-8 Bakhmut 391,440 Baklnsky rabochy 653 Baku 651-4,656-7,661, 669,722-6, 768, 770,781, 785-6,789-92,794-8 Baku opposition 651-4, 656-7, 661, 669, 768,770,781,786,789-92,795-6, 798 Letter to a Baku Comrade 651-4,656, 722-37,768,770,785-6,788,792,794՜ 5,797-8 Balandin 466-8 Baltic Sea Fleet (Baltflot) 123,336,741 banks, banking 12, 98,292,527,551, 642, 705, 755 Bannyi District 70 Baranov 449՜5օ, 457 Barchuk, Valerian 283-4,651,654,792, 828 Barsky 351,356,359,828 barter 308,346,348-50,456,752 Barulin, I. 146, 319,396,460,463,828 Bashkir 674 Bauman District 112,115-16,311, 313,416, 450.498.556.585 Bauman oppositionist group 313.416.498.556.585 112,115-16,311,
INDEX 914 bedniak, bednota see peasant(s), poor Bekrenev, V. 319,462-3,605 Belenky, Grigory Iakovlevich 67,828 Beloborodov, Aleksandr Grigorevich 22,66, շս, 828-9 Belov, A. 583 Berlin 329,402-3,432,589, 670-4 Black Hundred(s) 6 Bloc U5֊i6,180,445,652, 655,657,746-7, 751,778,784,787,797,799,806-9 Bogdanov, Aleksandr 9, И4,197,201,623, 633-4,637,644, 646 Bogdanov, Petr 436,513 Boguslavsky, Mikhail Solomonovich 829 factory owners 13,266,425,447-8, 746 functionary-bourgeois 223,226,276 grand(e) 268,567,747,759 industrial and commercial 628 intelligentsia 159,193,199,626-8, 630-1, 634,636,640 kulak 387,729,772 merchant 525 new 572,716 petty 4,55,81,84,86,91,124,128,160, 174,176,178,181,185,188,190,192-4,197, 199,204,208-10,213-15,220,223,226, 680, 229,234-5,238-40,242-3,247,261, 267-8,272,276-7,280,289,309, յո, Bolshevik(s) ı-з, 5, 9,11-15,29,52,65,84, 86,97,103,118,120,122-3,129,134, 340, 344,347,376-7,385-7, 389, 397, 401,405-6, 408-и, 413,415,418, 423, 160,293-4,307,309,323,327, ՅՅՕ, 405,407,419,480,655-6,679,6857,689,695,490,498,511,518,545,586, 600,620,679,683,685-7, 689,695, 700,702,712,720,766,771-2,7789.786-7,789-91,793-4,796-800, 816 anti-Bolshevik 2,4,189 Bolshevik party journal 655-7,751,768, 774.786-7,789-91,793-4,796-9,807 Leninist-Bolsheviks 771 Old Bolshevik u8,244,331,333-4,490, 645,663, 679, 685,688,699,709,743, 802 see also Communist Party (Russian/ Soviet); Communist Party (Bolshevik) of Ukraine; Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party Borisov, Pavel Semenovich 145,319,396, 407,448,459,461,463, 502,505,508, 543, 605, 829 Bondin, M. 462-3, 828 bourgeois(ie)
62,70,84,91,97-8,102,104, 436,442-Յ, 453,456-7, 517, 535, 560, 598-9, 601, 606, 611, 614, 616,626-7, 659,673,688,708,711,717,719,7267, 729-30, 732-3, 736, 740, 747, 750-2, 757, 759-60, 762, 765-7, 773-4, 776, 778-80, 782, 795, 798, 802, 804, 810, 813-14 revolution 625-6 world 181,199,278,612,678,723,733,756, 815 see abo capital boycott 494,565-6,603,615,622 Briansk 134,151,308,351,354,356,423,4501,458,479,498-9,504,507-8,515,524, 542,585,587,605, 714 Bruno, Genrikh Ivanovich 10,145,303,319, 328,355,363,368, 373, 431,439, 448֊ 9,457,459,461-2, 505, 543,563, 604-5, 652, 737, 743, 830 Brykov, [N.D.?] 351, 354, 364, 368, 373, 421, 423,431, 479,483, 744, 830 Bubnov, Andrei Sergeevich 67-9,222, 830-1 Budniak, F.D. Ո9,368,373,421,424,428, 139,158,170,173,177,181,192,194,199200, 204, 2Ո, 220,229,243,268,276-7, 437,444,459, 831 Budnik, [Savva Mikhailovich?] 396,424, 280,292,295,314,319,325,338-40, 347-8, 376, 387, 416,436,441-3,447, 460,518, 540,552, 572, 601, 605, 6247, 630-1, 633-4, 636, 640, 648, 673, 678, 723,726,729, 733, 756,761, 780, 796, 798, 802, 812-3, 815 encyclopedia 626 831 Bukhanov, Aleksei Alekseevich 305,354, 372-3,421,465,479,831 Bukharin, Nikolai Ivanovich 4,16-17,19-23, 25-26,56-8, J18--21,124-6,128,136-7, 147,157,174,203,224-5,229,234-45, 248-50,259,262-5,268,275,288,302-
915 INDEX 5.309. ЗЗД. 324-5. 329. Յ58, 361-2, 364, 375,380-1, 434, 443, 555, 589, 608, 642, 650, 653-6, 658-61, 665, 722, 751-2, 762,768,799-800, 831-2 Bulgaria 320,327,496,614,731 Bulgarian Communist Party 731 Bulkin-Semenov, Fedor Afanasevich 440-1, 832 bureaucracy, bureaucrat(s) 3,11,15-16,18, 28-30,32,38,42,45,48,53,62,74-6, 78-9, 93-5,97,104,106-10,117,122,124, 126,130-2,135,140-1,150,156,159,1634,166-8,170,173,175,179,189,192,199, 202-3,205,216-18,221,223,227,231, 241,244,246-7,253-6,260,265,269, 272,277,319, 376, 408, 418,435, 445, 461, 474,477,493, 520, 530, 558,588, 611, 614, 625, 649, 683-4, 697, 701, 755, 762,767, 782, 815 Burovtsev, M.V. 283-4 Cachin, Marcel 320,487,550,569-70,603, 611,613, 616-17, 620,622 notebook 487,550,570,616,622 Capital 634 capital(ism/ist) 13,17,30-1,34-5,38-40, 59, 96-8,106,120,133,155,165,191,194, 200,204,252,260,276,294,309,311, 322,325,342,346,349-50,375-6,378, 380,393,408,427,430,434-9,4423,445-7, 457,468-72, 474,47б֊8,481, 494-5, 513, 525-6, 528, 535, 551, 553-4, 598, би, 625-6, 630,636,652,661, 667, 686,704-5,715-17,726-8,730,740,746, 750-2,753,755-9,761,771-5,777֊9, 783, 817, 819 circulating 427, 446, 494-9,513, 525, 705, 717 entrepreneurial 434 international/foreign/world 79,81, 97,102-3,194,255,267,278,318,340, 349,376, 402, 425, 428, 435, 437-9, 442,444,477, 488,526, 535, 551, 655, 730, 740, 753, 756,773, 775, 8n, 816, 819 state 339,408,422,434,444,628,630-1, 689, 752, 774, 778 see also bourgeois, industry, and state cap italism Caspian Sea 29,575,651 Caucasus 29,450,575,654,666 North Caucasus 666 Transcaucasus 654 Cavaignac,
Louis-Eugène 779,832 Central Board of Artillery Factories 120, 374,396 Central Union of Consumer Cooperatives (Tsentrosoiuz) 435,504,751 Cheka (All-Russian Extraordinary Commis sion for Combatting Counterrevolution and Sabotage) 123,299,307,310,315, 326-7,440,486,491,494,498,518,564, 567,582-5,614-15,644,646,652 see also GPU, NKVD, OGPU, police Chelyshev, Mikhail Ivanovich 125,147,244, 319,396-7,400,406,408-9,446,449, 459,462-3,514-15,563, 604-5,613, 643-4, 652, 663,669,737,744,832֊ 3 Chemists’ Trade Union 254,722,764 Chernov, Viktor 518,588 Chemov-Grechnev, Andrei Semenovich 115, 146,303,352-Յ, 363,368,373,421,4256,431,459,463,833 children 46, 81,393,470, 665 as a metaphor 95,175 labour 757 China Communist and Nationalist Parties 658 Great Wall of 753 Chubar, Vlas Iakovlevich 302,304,351-7, 361,365,368,373,765,833-4 Chugurin, Ivan 738,834 civil war 1-3,13-15,17-19,22-3,28-9,60, 65, 77, 79,100,112-13,121,125,147,181, 185, 208,225-7,277,292-3, 295, 299, 325, 333, 518,661, 663, 751 a new ciidl war 695,736, 742,786,789, 791, 794 Caspian-Caucasian Front 29,575 Eastern Front 299 Western Front 14 see ako Revolutionary Military Council (rvs) class 6,91,94,96-7,99,138,140,158-9,171, 177-9,183,199,217-18,221,226-9,233, 243,245,267,276,278-9,282,296,329, 418, 506, 524,597, 624-6, 629-34, 702,
916 class {cont.) 711,719,724,742,752,757,760֊ 1,774, 807,817 bourgeois 626 capitalist 346 contradictions 814 creativity 279 discipline 241 enemies 59,661 essence 84,91-2,216,752 exploiter 59 feudal lord-exploiters 625 forces 711,724,761,810 hostility 139 instinct 48,157,177 interests 140,199,629, 688 line 90-1,159,171,221,226, 814 managerial class 18 nature 418 new 375,624 non-existent 329,524 opponent 630 peace 96,774 peasant 244-5,296 prejudice 385 proletariat as a 94,178,633, 638, 676, 733-4 renewal 92 ruling 198,227,624-6, 630 self-consciousness 629-30 spirit 160,220,282 stratification 81 struggle 97,339,442,629, 633,759, 767, 774,810,814 task 158 unity 280,506 war 5,60,667,774,814 will 91,179,216 working 3-4,6,17-18,37,43,47,5960, 62-3,80-1, 84, 87-90,92-3,96,98, 102,114,125,127,131,134,140,157-8,165, 176-7,181-4,192,197,199-200,204-5. 213-15,217-18,221, 223,226-9,235-6, 238,242,244-5,247-8,259-60,263, 269,276,278-9,317,330,332,344,3479,37б֊7, 385, 395, 397-8, 400, 402-3, 405, 408, 416,434, 437-8, 442,4447, 470, 476-8, 481, 519,523-5, 531-4, 536-7, 541-2, 546-8,572-3,577, 586-7, 597-8, 603-4, 607, 612, 616, 623, 626- INDEX 8, 630,632,634,668,674,678,683,685, 690-1,696,713,715,726-7,729-36, 749-50, 755-7,759, 761, 763, 765, 773, 778, 781, 786-7, 792-3,796, 798-9, 802, 811, 819 see ako bourgeois(ie), capital, encyc lopedia, estate(s), peasant(s), worker(s) clergy see religion club, discussion 260,289,442,448,522,588, 641 coal(mining) 12,39,181,313,347,393, 661, 714-15,725,771,8n, 816 see ako fuel collective farm(s) (kolkhoz) 668-9, 718-19, 754,818 collectivisation
10,659,665-8, 818-9 Commissariat of Agriculture (Narkomzem) 155,295,742-3 Commissariat of Enlightenment (Narkompros) 40, 63,73,651 Commissariat of Finance (Narkomfin) 481, 529,531,550-3 Commissariat of Food Supply (Narkomprod) 53, 63,155,209-10,222,481,532 Commissariat of Foreign Affairs (Narkomindel) 745-6,763 Commissariat of Foreign Trade 155 Commissariat of Health (Narkomzdrav) 552 Commissariat of Internal Affairs see n kvd Commissariat of Labour (Narkomtrud) 1112,38,299,324,471,481,801 Commissariat (or Committee) of the Military (Narkomvoen) 45, 63,552 Commissariat of Post and Telegraph (Narkompochtel) 551 Commissariat of Trade (Narkomtorg) 661, 765 Commissariat of Trade and Industry 801 Commissariat of Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection (Rabkrin) 53,75,218, 647, 705,765 Commissariat for Transportation and Com munications (nkps) 155,513,552-4,714, 771 Commission for State Control 218 Commission on Improving Workers’ Living Conditions 127
917 INDEX Commission on the History of the October Revolution and of the RKP(b) (Istpart) 643 Committee of Soviet Youth (Komsomol) 463 commodity, commodities 443, 673,753-4, 772 see aho producers, commodities communism 26, 60,76,78,107,109,116,142, 158-60,174-5,194 20I) 223) 228, 230, 244, 25Յ. 265, 276. 282, 318,364, 376-8, 387, 419,443, 447, 541, 589, 611, 628, 713, 732, 762, 777 building 53,60,77,108,122,154,164,205, 223,229,234,279 international 612 military 628,754, 817 peasant 401 primitive 631 school of 142,174-5,239,255,265 scientific 200,632 War 14,18,112,121,292, 642 Communist International, ‘fourth’ 310,420, 486-7,495-6,539,545,564,582-5,596, 603, 615,710 Communist International, Second 445,458, 630,776,784,786,789, 791, 793-4,796, 798 Communist International, Third (Comin tern) 226-7,237, 267,276,279,318-20, 322-30,333,375,382,402,405,420, 458-67,484,487,491-505,508-12, 514-19,530,542-9,562-8,587-8,593, 596-9,602-7,610-13, 623,645, 723, 733, 740, 756, 758, 775-6, 779, 784-9, 791-5, 798 commission 320,325,327,484-5,565, 568-9,580,594, 603 conference 319,489,545,565,573,602֊ 3,610-11 congress 278,308-Ц, 319,375-380,396, 419,570 Executive Committee (Ecci/Ispolkom) 8,315,318-19,458-60,543,562,56871,598, 602-3,611-13, 615-6, 620, 622 plenum 604,612 tactics and methods 731,781,785,788, 794-5,798 Communist Party of Azerbaijan (Bolsheviks) 770 Azerbaijani Party Control Commission 653-4 Communist Labour International 327 Communist Party of China 658 Communist Party of France 747-8 cells 747 Communist Party of Germany (kpd) 309, 648,670,680 Communist Party (Russian or
Soviet) 1,5, 7-8,14-15,17,26,51,59-60,80,91-2, 109,117,120,123,127,130,168,180-5, 192,194,208,215,226-7,229,233-4, 238-9,242,251,276,278,280-1,307, 309,314,317-20,324, ՅՅՕ, 338, 375, 381, 408, 419, 426, 429, 446-7,466, 471, 504-5, 559,573, 593, 600,604, 606-7, 612, 628, 652, 680-1, 692, 709, 711, 803 Central Committee (cc) 2,16-17,1926,49֊54,58,61-9,72-3,77, 82-9, 92,95,101,111-13,116-18,123-4,1269,132,135-6,147-50,153-4,160,163, 165,170,180,183-4,186-90, 206-7, 209-23, 230-2, 234-5, 237-40, 243-4, 247-9, 261, 266-70, 272-5, 280, 28891, 295, 297-306, 310-14, 316-17,319, 321, 323, 325-8,332,334-8, 351, 353, 35б֊74, 383-4,388-90, 394, 396-404, 408-9, 411-13, 415,417-21,426, 424-5, 432-4, 437,440-1,443, 445, 447, 449, 451-4,457,459, 466-7,474, 476, 479֊ 80, 484-500, 502-4, 507-12, 514-16, 518, 522-5, 530,532, 534-9, 542-5, 548, 555-7,561-5,567-8,570,573-5,577~ 8, 580-7, 589, 591, 593-603, 606-11, 613-16, 618-19, 621, 644-5, 647-8, 657, 659, 665-7, 671-3, 675-80, 682-91, 693, 696-7, 699-710, 712-13, 717-21, 724-6, 728-9, 736, 745, 748, 750, 763-6, 76870,773-4,776-8,780-99,801-2,804, 806, 811-17,819-22 Central Control Commission (ccc) (This entry also comprises its presidium and secretariat.) 118,147,207,212,218, 222,274,299,310,327-8,351,366-7, 388,413,454,484,499-503, 507-10,515, 537, 539, 541, 543-7, 561, 565, 568, 572, 576-7, 579, 598, 601, 604, 613, 615, 644,
918 INDEX Central Control Commission (ccc) {cont.) 648,651-4,657,660-4,6668,690-1,697,701,723,770,773,783-98, 809,820-3 Central Purge Commission 127,312,595, 602,770 communist faction(s) 18-19,21՜2,26- party control commission(s) 93,118,197, 329,401,547,549,562-3,576,579,595, 598,643,646,650,653-4 party court(s) 26,77,116-17,196, 310, 323,547,697 party discipline 42,101,127,183, 211, 241, 275,278,293,309-13,315,319,321,324, 7, 43, 50-1, 56, 61,109,111,113-15, Ո7, 119,137,147,163,165,174,265,288, 296, 298-305,308,313,320-1,351,426-7, 434,440,461,464,474,480,482,581, 601, 604,612-14,699,751 General Secretary 647 Moscow party committee and organisa tion 19,115-16, u8, 311-12,316,410, 326,331,333,360,375,380,465,502֊ 3, 543-4, 546, 556,567,57б֊7, 587, 591, 595,597, 601, 607-9, 652, 672, 674, 815 party press 109,161,324-5,531, 535, 594, 657,659,667,682,741,810-12, 820 party programme 3,15-16,21,28-9, 61֊ 2,100, no, n6, n8,126,139,166, 204,213, 522.556.578.580.613.617.751 Orgburo 16,22,50,54-5,82,132-3,136, 186-7,258,306,321,326,335,396,490- party purge Ո7,125,127-8,136, 216, 220, 229,245,306,313,382,396,400, 408, 1,580,585,602,608-9,702 party building, construction 42,74-5, 160,182-4,186,188,190-1,206,224-5, 233-4,241-2,244,250,267-8,275-7, 282,286,288,290,407,522,533,535, 555,571,586,589, 683,686,698-9,703, 712.721.751 party cell(s) 16,19,78, 60,78,102,108-11, 115,164-5,192,198,231-2,238,2401,247,249,257,259-60,266,279-80, 282,307,310-12,325,337,392,399,401, 406-10,440,449-50, 485, 494, 507,512, 531, 533,548,561, 564-5,581-2, 585, 600, 646, 648, 651, 687, 691-2, 697-8, 702-3,
724, 784, 788, 814 party committee(s) (City party com mittees are abbreviated as gorkoms, district committees are raikoms, sub district committees are podraikoms, and gubernia committees are gubkoms.) 3,8,16,21,24,58,68-70,72-3, 348 441,449-51,488, 493, 498, 505-6, 512, 517, 557-9, 595, 599, 615, 650, 667-9, 674, 694,720, 814 party purge commission(s) 128, 312,328, 488 party reregistration 193, 231,245, 280, 408,475 party secretary 467,521,822 party spirit (partiinost) 251 party unity 16,123-4,126-7,206, 224, 250,267-70,272,275,278, 283, 285, 289-90,301,305-6,327-9,332, 336, 395,413,417, 446,453, 497, 502-3,510, 562-3, 565, 578, 580, 585, 598-9, 591, 598-9, 603, 607, 610, 612, 676, 683, 693, 699, 721, 736, 787-8, 812 party verification 595,599,668 party verification commissions 493, 507,595,599 Politburo 16,18,24,50,52, 93,294-8, 300-6,308,312-14,319-26,333, 345, 356,358֊6o, 366-7,371-2,374, 383, 75,77,82-3,114-16,118,150,160,183, 186-90,197-8,210,216-17, շշշ, 234, 238-9,243,260,268,281,286-7,298, 394, 396-9,411-13,423-4,431, 438, 440, 452-Յ, 459, 489-90, 503, 513-14, 522, 526,529-30, 533, 543,568-9, 580,582- 307,311-13,321,326, ՅՅ8,390-3,397, 400-1,404,410,417,457,463-4,467, 485,488,491-3,503,505,507-8,512, 515,522,543,556,561,567,583,600, 602-3,608,610,614,646,649,654,672, 764-5,820-1 3,585,587-8, 602-3, 609-10, 613, 622, Party Control Commission (pcc) 654 645, 647, 653, 655-7, 663, 676-7, 680, 685, 696, 700, 702-4, 706, 717, 739, 744֊ 6, 763, 768, 77o, 774, 781, 783-4, 786-7, 790-1,793-8, 821-3 Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (RSDRP/b/) 2,52
919 INDEX Secretariat їв, 22-4,306,326,432,490, 493,577,603,610,702,765,770,786, 789 Siberian party bureau (Sibbiuro) 326, 661 VKP(b) 763,769-70, 774,783-7,791-2, 795-9,801,820 Women’s Department of the cc RCp(b) (Zhenotdel) 49,122,335-7,379,381, 487 see abo Bolsheviks, Mensheviks Communist Party (Russian or Soviet) con gresses and conferences Eighth All-Russian Party Conference (December 1919) 17 Eighth All-Russian Party Congress (March 1919) 3,15-17,21,28-9,42,53-5,99, 110-11,138,178-9,220,223,226,237-8, 245,247,251,256,558,575 Eighth Moscow gubernia party confer ence (March 1922) 523-4 Eighth Samara gubernia party conference (February 1921) 186-8,190-206 Ekaterinburg gubernia party conference 287 Eleventh All-Russian Party Conference (December 1921) 432-6, 619 Eleventh All-Russian Party Congress (March 1922) 10,289,292,304,308, 315,317,324,329-ՅՅ, 364,367,407,442, 446,448-9,451,457-8,475,493,516, 521-618, 620-1, 686-7, 7°°, 72°-i, 782, 805, 813 Eniseisk gubernia party conference 650 Fifteenth All-Union Party Conference (October-Novemberi926) 797 Fifteenth All-Union Party Congress (December 1927) 659,763,776,816 Fifteenth Samara city party conference (February 1921) 186-90 Fifth RSDRP Conference (Paris, January 1909) 181 Fourteenth All-Union Party Conference (May 1925) 650,749-61,776-7 Fourteenth All-Union Party Congress (December 1925) 651,761-3,766,771, 778,781,785,812 Fourth Donetsk gubernia party confer ence (February 1921) 180-6 Fourth RSDRP Congress (Stockholm, April 1906) 88,332,586 Ivanovo-Voznesensk gubernia party con ference 114 Krasnodar oblast party
conference 114 Moscow gubernia party conference (November 1920) Ո5,162,248 Moscow gubernia party conference(s) 120,124,681 Ninth All-Russian Party Conference (September 1920) 23,63-73,78, 82-3, 87,118,161-2,220-1,228,231,234,237, 246-7,268,273,279,548 Ninth All-Russian Party Congress (March-April 1920) 19-24,49-63, 135,151,165,179-80,223,257 Perm gubernia party conference (June 1921) 608 Petrograd gubernia party conference 688 Riazan uezd party conference 114 Second RSDRP Congress (1903) 52 Second Khamovniki district (Moscow) party conference (January 1924) 649, 698-722,724,788 Seventh Moscow gubernia party confer ence (October 1921) 556 Seventh All-Russian Party Congress (March 1918) 575 Sixteenth All-Union Party Congress (1929) 668 Sixth Moscow Gubernia Party Conference (February 1921) 5,236 Tenth All-Russian Party Conference (May 1921) 294-5,347-8, 398 Tenth All-Russian Party Congress (March 1921) 7-8,10,22,27-8,73,85,110-112, иб-19, m, 123-8,130,136-7,173,187, 189, 201, 206-93,303-4,3°6“7,309-12, ЭИ, 317, 327-9, ЗЗ1, 333-6, 338, 347֊ 8, 352, 358, 361, 364-7, З71, 374,380, 388, 391,393, 395-7,4oo, 404-9,411-13, 416-18, 420,436,441,450, 452-З, 456, 484,486, 492, 496-8, 500, 502-4, 50910, 512, 514-17, 519-22, 533, 535-6, 538, 541, 548-9,555-9, 5б2֊3, 565-6, 568, 572-З, 576, 578-82, 586-7, 589, 594-5, 597,599,601,603-4,607,610, 612-13, 617, 619-20,623,680, 683-6,688,690,
920 Tenth АП-Russian Party Congress (March 1921) {cont. ) 693-5,697-701,712, 719-21,736, 810-11 Third RSDRP Congress (London, 1905) 332,484,586 Third Tula gubernia party conference 217 Thirteenth All-Union Party Conference (January 1924) 127,649-50, 679-81 Twelfth Party Congress (April 1923) 644-5,647.675-7,685,696,718 Communist Party of Ukraine 19,82-95,ԱՅ՜ 14,417-19,440-1,498,512, 600,650 Fifth AU-Ukrainian Party Conference (November 1920) 84-95, u3 8i Communist Workers’ Party of Germany (kapd) 309-10,326-7,419-20.496,539. 545.623 concessions or leasing 85, 293-6,3η, 313, 322, 340, 348-50, 376, з86,440,446-7, 451, 469,477, 523, 551, 588, би, 652, 723, 730,740, 751, 773-5, 783, 792 conscious(ness) 7,41,43, 60,76,100,102, 107-8,140-2,160,195-6,198-200,2289,240-1,262,269,277-9,376,436-7, 500,509,518,535,544,599,604,606, 612, 617,627-30,640,683,695,728, 731-З, 735, 757-8, 779, 815 conservative 177,179-80,204,689-90,752, 756 Constituent Assembly 2,189,260,518 Constitutional Democrat Party (Kadets) 518,589 construction workers 34 consumer(s), consumerism 79,144-5,154, 202,292,341,344,346,350,650,652, 660 690,726, 817 cooperatives 45,96,295,345,348-9,386֊ 7,395,415,440,456, 601,732,751,754, 767,772-3,776, 802 corporatist 6 Cossack 218,666 Council for State Defence 97,152,714 Council of Labour and Defence (aka Council of Worker-Peasant Defence) (sto) 31314,395,400,429-30, 542,714-15 Council of People’s Commissars (Sovnarkom) 150-1,214,400,531,554,716,799,801 Little Sovnarkom 150,152-3,299 INDEX counterrevolution(ary)(ies) 6,10-n, 1314,17,50-1,59,122-4,139,177,181,212,
227,239,256,261,279,343,345,408, 430,503,512,518,520,599, 611,646, 653, 668-9,674,703, 758-9,770,780-1, 820 countryside 34,44,47,51,71,79,81,84-5, 87-90,145,208,223,339-40,342-3, 346,349,386,395,442,445,532, 650, 660,716, 718-19, 728-30, 742-3, 750-1, 754-6,767,771-2,780,800, 810, 817 couriers 211, 382, 487, 494-5, 539, 582 court(s) 67,73,77,83, 88,133,210, 212,217, 222, 314,322, 334, 337, 434,451, 468, 497, 525, 538, 663, 744 appeal 318,320 appeal, Comintern as highest 273,323, З27,503-4,510,541,546, 603, 610,613 comradely 26,77,116-17,133,196,310, 547,697 disciplinary 134 judge(s) 81,322,490 martial 337 working class, of the 577 crafts see artisans, handicrafts Crimea 464 crime, criminal 30,35,50,193,196, 210,293, 313,326,328,330,333, 342,378,384, 398,466,501-2,515,517,537,542,545֊ 8,570,579,581,586,645-6,656, 666, 670,699,704,707-8,720,734, 744,782, 804 banditry 269,668,744 blackmail 707 bribeiy 192,514 speculation 192,292,340,346,378,385, 434-6, 457,495,533, 552 theft 171,192, 384, 449 crisis 179,219 economic 1,22,79,100,104,167,177,182, 220,256,296,344,383,450,554, 686, 696,705,766 France 746 Germany 402 party 79, 84,90-2, U7,124-5,137,184, 186,213,215-16,220,225-33,245-8, 268-9,276-8,450, 649, 686,809-10 scissors 642,704-5, 717 soviet 84,90,92,117,137,184
921 INDEX trade union 85,103-4,117,137,139,172, 179,181,184,264,425 world 438,756 culture 25,36,186,192,198-200,541,554, 558-9, 629,631-4,640, 644,744 labour, of 13 educational work 77,253,415,456 inheritance of the bourgeoisie 62 level 20,56 political 659 see also Proletarian Culture (Proletkult) currency see money Czechoslovakia 319-20,526-7,575,614,617 Declaration of the 46 647-8, 679,700 Declaration of the 83 (or 84) 658,806-7 defencism 620 Demidov, V.P. 10 democracy 8,23, 87,189,242-4,255,257, 262,303.319.409.418,683-4,688-90, 693-95,699-702,719-21,736, 807, 81516 bourgeois 736,780 démocratisation 314,636-7 party 112,121,223, 647-8,660,682-4, 689-90, 694-5, 697-8,710, 712, 719-20, 807,820 political 779-80 producer 202-3 proletarian 16,106,177-8,297-8,366-7 revolutionary 96 social 757-8,776,784,787-8 worker 124,141,184,202-3,228,231,233, 247-8,255,262,269-70,273,279,281, 408,457,461,500,510,549,559,5723, 617, 656,659, 682, 684,689-94, 697, 699-702,708,711, 718-20,736-7,767, 782,807, 815-16, 819 democratic centralism 16, 80,187,214,217, 224-5,249, 289-90, 808 Democratic Centralist(s) 6,16-17,112-13, 120,125,214,217, 222,224, 644,647-9, 660,675,685,808-9 Deulenkov 460,479,483 dictatorship 33, 60-1,88,174,177-9, 193, t95 251, 270, 272,442-3, 474, 477, 572՜3, 679, 727 economic 36,38,178 one-party 310 party’s 1,123,194,251,325 political 678 proletarian or of the proletariat 1,5,43, 60-1,84,88,91,97,100,165,174,176-80, 193-5,203, 251, 253,269-70, 272, 345, 347, 387, 397, 416, 448, 474, 477, 54, 518, 535, 572, 611, 626, 679, 716,722, 727, 729 working class’s 98,349,442-Յ, 573
Dietzgen, Peter Joseph 634,834 disease 14,260,665 illness (physical) 72,122,325, 646 sickness insurance 642 dissent(ers) 23-4,112-13,121,126-7,27°, 309,312,315,318-19, ՅՅ2-Յ, 498,646, 650, 664, 683,781 ‘Dizzy with Success’ 665 Donbas (also Donetsk) 2,66,88,106,113, 167,180-1,207,217,301,331,347,351, 390-4,396,421,424,437,440, 450,464, 466-7,479,498,504-6,511-12,527, 540,564,580,592,598,600-1,660,714 Douamenez 748 Drozhzhin, I.V. 721,834 Dybenko, Pavel 337 Dybets 421,428,430 Dzerzhinsky, Feliks Edmundovich 22,25-6, 118, 250,299,331,569,574,584, 644-6, 706-7,714,834 economic (selected) 20,200, 629,632, 634, 640,642 bodies 18-19,79-80,97,104,109-11,1402,156,167-8,172,175-6,179,256,345-6, 348,376, 395,414-15,421,426-9,455-6, 480-1,530-1, 727 councils 16,19,103,110,179,415,456, 600, 714 plan(ning) see planning policy 3,105,112,140,176-7,345-8,384, 397,416-18,421,433,435,441-2,457, 472-Յ, 476,524,532-3,574, 600, 677, 696, 703-9,718,721-2,724-7,729-30, 735-6,766,772-4 ruin 30,37-8,43-4,139-40,182,269,375 see abo New Economic Policy economising 39,53,447,781 economists 97,707,717-18,741,757 economy 1-4,7-9, Ц-15,29,31,44-5, 60-2, 80,96-9,103-4,106-8,120,130-3,135,
922 INDEX economy {cont. ) 137-8,140-2,144,155-9, 166-8,179-85,194,253-6,265-6,272, 292,296,341,476-7,488,631,716,724, 755, 767,77I1 814 industrial 79,106-7,349՜5օ, 755 mixed 8,292,296 peasant 295,525, 728-30,752,754 political 634,637,713 socialist 44,105,295 state 61,437,468-71,481,727, 730 economy building 31,44,46,79-80,103-4, 107,109-10,130-1,139-40,164,167,174, 183-4,227,238,241,254,272,279,341, 344. Յ46,382,684, 714 education 7,25,40,53,61,77,174-5,205, 239-40,252-3,277.325.415.456, 627, 723,742,749,759 communist 142,223,229-30,236 higher 265, 643,673,737 labour 230,232 Main Political Education Committee (Glavpolitprosvet) 197 see also school(s), student(s), universities Eikhe, Robert 662 Ekaterinburg 115,234,286-7,315,400,440 Ekaterinodar see Krasnodar Ekaterinoslav 2,114,464,479,567 Ekonomicheskaia zhizn 256,384,405,714, 716 Ekoso 714 election(s) 3,14-15,27,83,117,123,141,155, 160,187-8,1go, 231,248,257,274-5,281, 288-9,298-9,300,304,307-8,312-13, 323.334-5,338-9,361,372, Յ91-2,406, 423, 431,441,448,461, 480, 494,498, 505,512, 531,5бі-2, 565,569, 574,577, 594, 603, 605-6, 615, 622, 649, 721, 747, 755, 780, 814-15 electricity 105,144 Elizarova-Ulianova, Anna 605 emotion(s) 27,57, 64,121,124,136,152,208, 242.247.297.303.323.334-5,364,3801,386,390,418-19,442,512,518,578, 588,601,618,668,708,710,720,735, 736-7,739,766,782, 805 Enakievo 391-2 encyclopedia(s) 9,200,623-41 bourgeois 626 class 625-6,629,632 feudal 625 French 626,631-2 proletarian 200 socialist 628 workers’ 9,623-41 Engels, Friedrich 5,121-2,251-2,447, 632, 634,752 engineer(s) see professions England,
English 438-9,496,526,545,614, 714-15,733,741,768,776 see ako Great Britain Eniseisk 650 Enlightenment 63,625,651 see ako Commissariat of Enlightenment enterprise (entrepreneurial initiative) 47, 80,104,106-8,140-1,143,156,217,233, 25Յ, 265, 270, 277, 279, 295, 461, 574, 697 enterprises (business) 12-13,15,31,34,3640,44-6,48,56,96-9,103,105,107, 109,131-2,138,142-5,155,168,170,203, 240,257-8,265,280,282,292-6,322, 341-2, 344-6, 349-50, 375-6, 384, 386֊ 7, 398, 416,422-Յ, 428, 430-1, 434, 439-41,444, 457, 468-70, 474,477-8, 481,491, 493, би, 524, 551, 553-4, 630, 649, 696, 705, 715, 718, 751,755, 778 mixed 471,525,554 state 322,445, 469-70,480, 552, 674, 729 management 31,46,56,103,107,135, 140-1,143,157,168,240,257-8,398, 663 Epshtein 83 Erevan 646 estate(s), social 5g, 625,6go, 719 see ako gentry, peasants, townspeople, religion Estonia 403,565,575,582,738 Europe(an) 5,14,19,31,40,103,314,438, 444, 51Յ, 652, 72Յ, 727-8, 731-Յ, 740, 743, 75б֊6і, 775, 777, 811 Central Europe(an) 731 Western Europe(an) 5,19,40,78, 97, 319,444,447-8, 470,477, 652, 723, 7314, 749,752-Յ, 756-7,760-1, 775, 785, 788 European workers 314,652,723,731,757-8, 775,785,788 Evdokimov 180,360
923 INDEX exile 42,52.55,86-7,89,92,118,313,330, 492,537,566,572,646,659,663,667, 669 Ezerskaya, Fanny see Jezierska [Ezerskaia], Fanny Fabb 460 faction] s) 26, 95,111,119,147,300-4,31314,319-23,325-7,335, Յ51-Յ, 355-8, 360-75,382,391-5,411-13,441,4637,477-83,485-7,495-6,509,519-21, 571-3, 577-9, 642, 671, 708, 793 factionalism 2,7,52,112,118,128,250,2901,297,303,310-12,316-17,324-8,331, 351,361-2,366,372,374,388,394,412, 417,452,498,506,509,535,556,559, 563-4,568,570-2,574,578-80,585, 590-1,594-5,597՜8,599՜6օօ, 606-7, біо, 613,645-6, 653-5, 663-6,668, 685, 693-5,697,699-700, 703,708-10,720֊ 1,784-8,790,792-Յ, 795-7,798, 821-2 factory, factories 4-5,11-12,14-15,20-1,27, ЗО, 33-5, 38,40, 44-5, 70, 79, 88-9,96, 98,100,103,105,107-8,131-2,134-5, 142-5,168-70,173,185,195-6,198, 208, 211-12, 227,230, 236, 239-40,248, 25660, 263-6, 271-2, 280-1, 296, 298, 310, 316, 337, Յ42,344-6, 350,384, 386-7, Յ91, 393, 398,402, 404, 415, 425-7,445, 447, 449, 455-6, 473,493՜4, 507, 513, 525֊9, 531, 547, 551, 556,558, 560, 5845, 606, 616, 631, 633, 639, 646-7, 660, 67Յ, 687, 702, 707-8, 712, 714, 724,735, 737, 747-8, 771, 812, 817 artilleries 115,120-1,145,258,374,396 assembly 4,125,164 automobile 40 aviation 146 blast furnaces 344,718 boards 12,416 cable 396 club 260 councils 97,258 Briansk 134,507,705,714 Dneprovsky 527 Donetsko-Iurevsky 527 Electrical Station (Enterprise) of 1886 (Moscow Hydroelectrical Station) 216,257,311,581,702 foreign 529 French 747-8 German 528,704-5 grain 755 housing 70 Iuzovsky 527 Kovrovsk 115 Kulebaksky 527 Kyshtymsky 422 Lugansky 527 machinebuilding
146,463,714,771 management 45,56,96,98,105,131, 133-4,172,258,345,414,423,455-6, 512 metals or metalworking 210,326,467, 472,771 Metron 648 Motovilikhinsky 422,606 Nadezhdinsky 313,422,429,431,527 New Etna 134 owners see bourgeois Putilov 705,714 Radio Morse 577 Red Army occupation 616 Russko-Belgiisky 527 Saldinsky 527 scythe 714 Sormovo 115,146,463,527 Spirit 236 State Moscow Metallurgical Factory (Gomomez) 396 steam engine building 434 Swedish 528,704-5 Taganrogsky 527 textile 717 worker committee(s) 3-4, u-12,35,968,103-5,131-2,135-6,140,156,168-9, 172,175,257-60,266,307,341,390, 392-3,414-15, 423, 454-5,475, 507, 564, 600, 606, 652, 678, 732 ZhAKO 396 see ako State Association of MachineBuilding Factories (Gomza) factory workers 35,88,145,164,210,271, 298, 316, 342, 386, 702, 724, 747 famine 14,293-4,377,526,532,598,642, 659,760 commodities or goods 36,772,811,816 hunger 13,38,80,449, 665,728
924 INDEX malnutrition 293,393 starvation 36,195,293,377,590,659 farm(s), farming 45, 80,146,405,665,690, 718,728,752,754-5,760,764,771-2, 775,810,817-19 American tenant 732 cattle-raising 45 communal 145,342 dairy 196 labourers (batraks) 754 market-gardening 45 mechanised 350 poultry 45 state (sovkhozes) 295 see also collective farm(s), peasant(s) Farm and Forest Workers’ Union 146 fascism 648,678,747-8, 803 Fedorov, Grigory Fedorovich 302,305,351, 356-7,359,363,368-9,371-Յ, 383,4214, 428-9, 431, 835 Fedurin, P. 146,463 feudalism 199, 624-6,631-2,756, 761 Figatner, Iury Petrovich [Iakov Isaakovich] 738, 745, 835 finance 25,31,58,145,155,194,350,438-9, 530,532,550-2,554,678,689 self-financing 427 see ako Commissariat of Finance Finland, Finnish, Finns 67,123,731, 739 Fischer, Ruth 309 five-year plan(s) see planning Fokin [Vasily Ivanovich] 311,391-2,483,581, 835 Foma 586, 645,743,854 food 4,22,33,35, 38-9,44-5,81,144,147, 154,168,193-4,201,209,220,300-1, 345-7,349-50,384-6,393,395,429, 457,470, 513, 530,532, 642, 705, 715-16, 764, 767,774, 810, 817-19 processing 15 requisitioning 14,112,120-1,123,292-3,346, 424, 817 shortages 22,33,39,79,123,472,660 see ako Commissariat of Food Supplies Food Processing Workers and Employees Union 35 foreign affairs 648, 658 foreign(ers) 121,123,139,194,206,212,292, 294,309,313,315,323,349, Յ76,379, 404,430,432, 435, 437-8, 442, 473, 477, 488,513-14, 527,529,551,565, 582, 586, 593, 598, 613, 616, 646, 648, 652, 655, 658, 660,704-5, 713, 723,730, 746-7, 753, 757,773, 775, 808, 820 foreign workers 593,757 freedom 163,377,446,524,549,566
criticism and discussion 68,71-2,78, 101,243,281-2,500,510,549, 617, 649, 653, 692 press 123,315,601 speech 315,601 trade 375 France, French 4,6,31,199,319-20,330, 381, 438-9,458,487,492,537,546,565, 568, 570,613,617-18,624-6,631-2, 731, 738, 745-9, 752,757, 779 French Socialist Party 748 French workers 746-7 Friis, Jacob 603,611, 613,617,620, 835-6 Frolov, K. (Fokin) 311,391-2,483, 581, 835 Frumkin 256 Frunze, Mikhail 299-300,522,534, 536, 698 fuel 22,30-1,35,37-9,43-5,79, 97,123,140, 154-5,167,210,220, 256,341, 345, 347, 438,477,575,714-15,725 firewood 193 see ako coal, oil Gagiy 820 Genoa Conference 438-9,447-8,523, 588, 592 gentry (nobility) 45,443-4, 572, 689 see ako estate(s) Georgia(n) 647 German(y) 13-14,31,39,65,85,103,174,309, 319-20,327,337,396,402,422,430, 439· 443, 445, 447, 49°, 495՜6, 526, 528, 539, 6o2, 613, 615, 617, 623, 645-6, 648, 661, 670-1, 678-80, 703-5, 731, 733, 749, 760, 803 German People’s Party (dvp) 678 German workers 402,447,678 glavki see All-Russian Council of National Economy (VSNKh) Glebov-Avilov, Nikolai Pavlovich 153-4, 507-8,741, 836 GOELRO see State Commission for Electri fication of Russia
925 INDEX gold 88,438-9.444, 473, 513, 525, 527-9, 551, 553-4, 558, 615, 625, 705, 707,713, 716-17, 732, 736, 779, 796, 798, 811 black gold (oil) 88 see also money Goldberg, [ ] 437,440,445, 836 Goldstein (Goldshtein) 326,495-6 Goltsman, Abram 18,26,119,130,133,148, 261 Gomel 413,538,580 Gomza see State Association of MachineBuilding Factories (Gomza) goods 34-7,112,135,144-5,300-1, 342,346, 348,350,386,393, 395, 422, 441, 444, 477,494, 554, 642, 705, 74-14, 717, 750, 767, 811, 816 consumer 79,144-5,202,341,346,350 intervention 714,717 Gorbachev, A. 119,146,463 Gorky, Maxim 554 Gorsky, Z.P. 283,285 Gosplan see State Committee for Planning government see All-Russian Council of National Economy, commissariats, Council of People’s Commissars, Provi sional Government, state committees GPU (State Political Administration and Con solidated State Political Administration) 491-2,644,652,710, 741 see ako Cheka, nkvd, ogpu, police grain 45,121,292,397,661,718,755, 818 requisitions 112,120,123,293 Great Britain, British 320,381,527,658 see ako England Grozny 726 Guchkov, Aleksandr Ivanovich 338 guilds 29, 60,126,687 Gurevich, Aleksandr Iosifovich 28, ng, 121, 305,352,368-9, 372-Յ, 466,472,475-6, 478, 836 Gusev 22,224 Gutin 508 Hamburg 648 handicrafts(men) 79,145,191,260-1,292, 344-5,348-9,389,398, 625,707-8, 713-14,717,779, 817 see ako artisans Haywood, William ‘Bill’ 314,430 Hempel [Appel], Jan 381 heterodox(y) 333,461,474,493,498,500, 503-5,590,617,701,721,807,813-15 higher-ups 1,49,70,74-8,120,157-8,161, 164,173,175,188-9,219,226,228,231, 234,277-8,399,424,461,509-10, 514֊ 15,
520,546,572,617, 627, 682,697, 712, 744 see ako rank-and-file holiday(s) 70,324,370-2,394,655,665-7 sanatorium 579,820 hospital(s) 259,669 Hotel Lux 539,584 housing 4, 70-1,144-5,195, 342, 392, 749 Iakhontov 563 Iakovlev 83,555 Iakovleva, Varvara Nikolaevna 26,209,237, 248-9,837 Iakutka 55 Ialunin, I. 146,463 Ian 91 Ianson, Nikolai Mikhailovich 305,321-2, 352,368-9,371-3,421,423,426,428, 431,464-6,479,657,790,792,794-7, 837-8 Iaroslavl 14,576 Iaroslavsky, Emelian 6,22,118,222,224,226, 233,331,433,590,653-4,663, 665-9, 693-4,700,708,790-800,802,806, 822 ideology 2,7,14, 81,97,114,140,160,165,177, 182,191-2,194-200,220,261,266,282, 290,307, 324,331,333,338,376,393, 422,442,509,518-19,525,536,562, 564, 578,601,626-7, 629-34,636, 643, 659, 663, 670-2,684,693,695,742,751,7612,769, 777, 779, 784, 799, 804-5, 807-8, 814, 820, 822 Ignatev 355,368,373,421,460,838 Ignatov, Efim Nikitovich 112,115,125,206, 225,244,249-50,273,275,283-4, 288, 388,559,645,838 imperialism 68,79, 81,100,158,191,276-7, 626,678,753,761 industrialism 13,261,263 industry 2,11-13,15-16,23-5,29, ՅՅ-8,43- 6,56,97-9,105-8,113,115,122,130-3, 138,141,166,217,254,292-5,344, 384,
INDEX 926 industry (cont.) 447,477-8,625, 660, 662, 696, 713-15,717-19, 753, 755-7 coal 181,714,811 concentration of 647,708 concession(s), leasing 293-6,3u, 313, 348-50, 376, 386, 430, 447, 451, 469, 477, 523, 588, 652, 723, 730, 740, 754, 773-5, 792 cottage 79,261,346 electrical 133,428,479 evacuation of 37 heavy 146,308,374,382,463,493, 6489,652,659,704-5,713,726,770-1,783, 8n, 816, 819 industrialisation 7,10,294, 642,650, 652,659-61, 664-5, 667,762,771,811, 816-19 large-scale 255,292,346,350,386-7, 397-8, 477, 495, 525, 679, 687,704-8, 712-13,718,721,729,740,755-6,770-1, 773-5,778-9,811 light 714,816 machinebuilding 706,757 management of 43, 59,103,108,130-1, 142,179,387,428 metalworking 33,134,173,210,253,328, 343-4,358,363,395,422,424,427~9, 470-3,477,480-2, 580, 707, 714, 8n mining 4,170-1,295,313,347,349,438, 704,714,756, 811 nationalisation of 12-13,37,292-4,296, 443· 476,679, 753 one-man vs. collegial management 18- 21, 49, 58,131,168, 257 oil 651,726 private 444 processing 15,39,79,295,704,707,713, 726,756 small-scale 261,296,347,398,401,405, 408,704,713 state industry 324 444,468-9,477,494, 535,691,696,704,725-9,740,752,756, 770, 772, 775, 810-11 textiles 35,398 see ako artisans, capital, enterprise, fact ory, handicrafts initiative 7,18,22,31-2,37,47-8, 62, 80, 87, 94-5,98,104-6, n8,122,125,135,140, 143,156,158,163,168,175,193,198,213, 217.221.223.226.228.235.241.247-8, 259,270,277,279,281,295,336,349, 377, Յ90, 395,404,453, 458,461, 500, 548-9,572,574, 617, 650, 658, 688, 691, 697, 699, 709, 712,782, 811 collective 196 Eikhe’s 662 individual 196 intraparty
688 Lenin’s 289,321 Mitin’s 307 Shliapnikov’s and Medvedev’s 563 self-activity 48,75,80,106,122, 2412.2478,277,279,344,4 762 intellectual 2,5-6,32,36,54,287,325, 649 intelligentshchma 218,234 intelligentsia, intelligenty 2,5,7,15-18,59, 76,92,97,122,159,19Յ, 213,216-18,234, 287,330,332,336,409,515,523,560, 572,626-8, 630-1, 638, 643, 660 service 688,708 Internationale 29 internationalism, internationalist 490,779, 800-1 International Women’s Secretariat 570 international 451,612 interrogation 10,327-8,399,501, 563,566, 581,602,604, 646,661-4,669, 737, 744 Ionov, A.M. 283-4 Istpart see Commission on the History of the October Revolution and of the RKP(b) Italian Socialist Party Italy, Italian 380 319-20,380,449,614, 618,670, 731, 747-8 Iurenev [Krotovsky], Konstantin Kon stantinovich 52,838-9 Iushkov 287 Ivanov [unknown] 368,373,483,604-5 Ivanov, I. 319,461-2,839 Ivanov, I.A. 224,283 Ivanov, M. 463 Ivanov, M.N. 10 Ivanov, N. (Moscow) 146,355 Ivanov, Vasily (Kharkov) 362,364,839 Ivanov, V.I. 556 Ivanovo-Voznesensk Ո4,217,558 Izhevsk 14,115,355,479
927 INDEX IzvestUa 36,161,301,594,650,763 Izvorin 146,464 jail see prison Japan 438-9 Jaurès, Jean 747,839 Jewish 2,7,631 anti-Semitism 7 Jezierska [alternatively Ezerskaia], Fanny 670,839 July threat 782,786,789,791,793-4 Khi 593-4 Kirgiz 507,674 Kirov, Sergei Mironovich 331,669 Kiselev, Aleksei Semenovich 1,19-20,49, 52-5,120,127,146,206,237,244,2745,283,285,289,299,322,397,463,466, 478-9,531,550,599, 643 Klinov, [Iakov Ilich] 368,373,421-2,428, 430,479, 843 Knorin, Vilgelm Georgievich 701 Kobyzev (conspiratorial name Kolosov) 723-4,845 Kaganovich, Lazar Moiseevich 331,650, 663-5,765 Kalinin, Mikhail Ivanovich 16,22,25,47-8, 68,118, 688,744,766,840 Kainin, Ans Ernestovich 512,840 Kamenev [Rozenfeld], Lev Borisovich 20, 22,25,27,50-1,118,120,149,166-7,267, 339,433-6, 447,489, 523“4, 621, 642, 644, 646-7, 689, 699-710, 712-22,769, 800, 840-1 chair duties 207,215,222,224,239,251, 267,550 United Opposition 10,650-1, 653,6557,762-3,810 Kaplan, Fanny Efimovna [Feiga Faivelovna Roitblat] 841 Kariakin, I.I. [alternatively Koriakin] 119, 134,145,353, 462, 842 Kashirka 380 Kassior (or Kasior), Stanislav Vikentevich 83,85,89,113,130 Kazakh(s) 659 Kazan 575 Kerensky, Aleksandr Fedorovich 34,675, 786,789,791,794 Kerenshchina 34 Kerran [Kehrhahn], Ferdinand Lewis 381, 842 Khamovniki 649 Khamovniki district party conference 698-722,724,788 Kharitonenko [ ] 356,479,842 Kharkov 2,84-6, из, 302,351,354,358,362, 364-5,434,440-2, 450, 464,479, 588, 592, 669, 765 Khitrov 146,464 Kiev 9,114,464,498, 650, 669, 763, 765,767 Kolárov, Vasil 320,484,488,569, 603,611, 613-14, 617-18,843-4
Kolchuginsk 661 Kolesnikov, Boris Leonidovich 441,460, 844 kolkhoz see collectivisation Kollontai [née Domontovich], Aleksandra Mikhailovna 63, U9,206,222,324,490, 514-16,519,521,550,562-4,651, 844- 5 appeal of the 22 to the Comintern Execut ive 315,318-20,325,328,460,462-3, 484,488-9,494, 509-n, 544-9, 5б5~73, 597, 600-7, 610-11, 613-20, 622 author of Rabochaia oppozltsua 2,8, 121-4,213,218,243,596-7,601, 623 diary 46-9,78,121,333-7,379-81,61821,643,761-3 Eleventh Party Congress 329-33,544-9, 589-90,592-4,598,620-1 illness 72,122 intraparty criticism 72,78,243,336-7 Kronstadt 124,219,242-3,334-7,518 Leningrad Opposition 761-3 Third Comintern Congress, July 1921 309,311,375-81,596,599 United Opposition 659,763 Workers’ Group 645-6 Workers’ Opposition mentor and advoc ate 2,18-19,24,121-4,126,157-60, 218-21,241-4,333-7,517 Kolomna 88,354,465,479 Kolosov, [D.M.?] 723-4,845 see aho Kobyzev Komgosor see State Construction Commit tee Kondrakov 206,287 Kopp 403-4,408-9
928 Kopylov, Nikolai Vasilevich INDEX 74-8,146, 172-5.319.410,461,463,516-20.545, 845 Korshun 515 Korshunov, S.I. 285 Korzinov, G[rigory?] N. 283,285,521,559, 845 Kosior (also Kossior), Stanislav Kuzbas (Kuzbass, Kuznetsk[y] basin) 313֊ 14,429,431,473 Kuznetsov, Nikolai 93-4,180,184,319,3312,392.457,460-2,502,504, 566, 586-7, 593-4,598,604-6,645,849-50 Kviring, Emmanuil Ionnovich 391-2, 850 Ky 36-7 326,534, 539. 547 Kossior, Vladimir (?) ցշ Kotliakov, Ivan Efimovich 146,463,562,846 Kozlov 507 Kozlovsky, B.N. 285 Krasin, Leonid Borisovich 402,588,740,743 Krasnodar 113-15 Krebs, N.R. 670, 846 Kreibich, Karl 319-20,569,603, 611,614, 617-18, 620, 846 Krestinsky, Nikolai Nikolaevich 16,20,22, 25-6,37.50-3. 85,118,136,186,207, 209-11,216, 222,335,661, 847 Krivov, Timofei Stepanovich 285,327-8, 496-7,500-2,510,663-4,822,847-8 Krol, Samuil Iakovlevich 153,848 Kronstadt 6-7,112,123-6, 208,219,235, 242-4.247.290,334-7.518, 601, 698-9, 712 Krupin 355,848 Krupskaia, Nadezhda Konstantinovna 647 Krylov, N.S. 662 Krzhizhanovsky, Gleb Maksimilianovich 311.534 Kuban 69,215,575 Kubiak [also Kubiako, Kubiaka], Nikolai Afanasevich 146,294,332,345,459,464, 521. 549. 555. 562, 577-8, 580, 586-7, 589, 621, 679-81, 848 Kubyshkin, Iakov 145,458,460,462,849 Kubyshkin-Maltsev 479,849 Kuibyshev, Valerian Vladimirovich 428,479, 651, 657,766,781, 790,792,794 kulak(s) see peasant(s) Kursk 146,464,575 Kurzhner, [BA] 602,609,849 Kutuzov [Zakharov], Ivan Ivanovich 1,1920,24, 63, 69-71,115,128,146,206,25g, 263,294, 335, 345, 396-8,404, 408-9, 449, 457-8, 460, 464, 521, 555-6,559, 578, 587, 599, 643, 849
labour 16,26,29,31,34-5,37-40,44-6,71, 108-9, '30,135, М3,167,196, 254, 271, 341, 344, 347, 350, 386, 392, 434, 443-4, 469, 471,481,488, 524, 575, 633-4, 636- 7, 639-40, 692,715, 729, 754-5, 809, 817 armies 17,19,25,47,524 children’s 757 Code (1922) 324 collectivist 199-200, 632-4,636-7, 640 communist 232 conscription 22 culture 13 desertion 192 discipline u, 38,45,133 division 31,40,107,142, 758 education 230,232,239,265 enthusiasm 198,811 exchange(s) 45,324 federations 746 forced 14,130,236, 665 foreign 746 government in England 733,776 hard 89,465 hired 754-5 human 811 intellectual 5,626 law 481 leader(s) 314 machine 811 manual 5,49,125,239,280-1,326, 560 militarised 18 organisation 108-9,130,135,143,434, 640 piece work 13,34-6,38-9,132 productivity 12-13,33-9,81,132,144,170, 201,346-7,470, 817 protection 43,55-6,58, 81,108,434, 673 Registry (Registrud) 583 sweatshop 36
929 INDEX unions 109,344 unrest 660 unskilled 560 women’s 757 see also Commissariat of Labour, factor ies, Norwegian Labour Party, Platform of Labour Industrialism, productivity, unions, United General Confedera tion of Labour, wage(s), wage rate(s), women, workers labourers 29,60-1,77,80-1,97,127,131,139, 141,143-4.155-6,164,166,174-5,178, 185,192,194,208,219-20,230, 270,279, 339, 348, 531-2, 612, 627-8, 633-4, 639, 752,754, 817 labouring proletarian psychology 125, 230 Lagunov, I. 146,463 land 45,143,145, 228, 279,293,344,350,376, 439, 709, 713, 717, 754, 817-18 arable 80,754,756, 818 captain(s) 401 husbandry 81,154 lord 59 owners 443-4,572,746 Latvia, Latvian(s) 134, 739 Larin 530,534, 554,677,707 Lass-Kozlova, Polina 644 laugh(ter) 54,78, 88,153,214-15,224,236, 244-5,252,255,260,310,337,380,409, 486,522,571,584, 588,674, 703,706-7, 739 Lavrentev, Pavel Fedorovich 28, ni, 119,421, 429,431,458, 850 law(s) 58,322,340,469,626,629, 634,640, 772 illegal 67,105,116,129-30,207,248,341, 399,402,404,563,575-6,595, 600, 605,662,664,678, 685,700,719,721, 747,784,788,821 labour 481 lawmaking 471 lawyer(s) 401,567 legal 98,112,129,144, 318,375,401,403, 509,558, 662,664, 807 legalisation 755 legalist(s) 517 legality 304,333, 814 proletarian 634 Soviet 29, 99,138,166 see abo court(s) Lazzari, Constantino 380,850 Leather Workers’ Union 11,153,478 Lebed, Dmitry Zakharovich 331,562,567-8, 574,576,579-81,850-1 Lebedev 396,410, 570 Left Communists 11,50 Left Opposition 649,660 Left Socialist Revolutionaries (Left srs) 84, 223,226,229,277,280,489, 517-20, 800-1 Lenin, Vladimir Ilich (also
V.I., Ilich, Vladimir Ilich) 9,12,19,22-5,27,47,50,54, 68, 85, 89,150,159,172,205-10,212-14, 216, 219-20,222,245-6,255, 261,267-70, 273-5, 286,297, 299, 315, 382, 420, 543, 557, 587, 602, 606, 608-9, 642, 649-50, 686-7, 706, 709, 713, 715, 734-5,762, 775, 789, 799, 801, 807, 851 advertising in Pravda 594 Comintern 318-20,375,380-1,586, 740 Eleventh Party Congress 324-5,329-31, 333,521, 524֊5,530,562, 782 Kronstadt 219 Last Testament 646-7,651,656,661 Leninism, Leninist 258,555,735,738, 771, 792,795, 797-9, 818 Leninist-Bolsheviks 771 Leninist Bolshevik Party 799 levy 649-50,735 machine guns 275,289,521-2 New Economic Policy 294-5,376-7, 398,470,524-5,529-31,534, 655,751-2, 773-4, 778-9 one-man management 18,47 Platform of the Ten 1,7,24-5,27, 64,113, 115-19,174,188,262,555 reprisals 49,293,308,310-11,321,382, 395,397,400,425,522-3,530, 699, 702 tax-in-kind 267,292,295,397,774, 778 Workers’ Opposition 2,4-5,16,18-19,21, 24,78, 85,123-8,133,160,165-7,16970,207-8,242,250-2,254,258,265, 271,289-91, 301-2,305-6,334-7,521-2, 585,680,769 see also Institute of Marxism-Leninism, Leningrad
930 INDEX Leningrad 651,669,741-2,761-2,766,771, 781,799,812 see ako Petrograd, St. Petersburg Leningrad Opposition 651,761-2,781,812 Lepse, Ivan Ivanovich И9,305,321-3,36873,421,428,431,468,475,479-80,529, 851 Letter of the 22 318-23,325-9. ՅՅ1-Յ, 392, 439,45б, 460-4,466,475,489-92, 499-500,503,509,530,547-50,559, 561-3, 586, 588,591-2, 602-4, 606-7, 610-18, 622, 693, 813 Letter to a Baku Comrade 651-2,722-37, 785-98 Levit 419-20,852 liberal(s), liberalism Maksimov 662-4,666-8 Maksimovsky 233,244-5,249 Mamchenko, Nikolai S. 388-9,854 manager(s) 3,18,26,87,135,141,220,240, 257-8,324,355,391,398,420,445,512, 643,763 management 1-4,9,18,20-1,25-6,29-31, 43, 45-8, 54,56, 61-3, 66, 73-4, 79-80, 82,84,87,90-1,98-9,102-5,107-8, no, 118,120,122,125,130-5,138,140-4,1558,164,166,168,170-6,179,192-3, [95, 202,204-5,214,220,240,253-8,260, 266,271-2,277,292,316-17,324, 339, 341,345,348,384-5,350,384,390-1, 404,409,414, 423,427, 443-6, 455-6, 1, 64-5, по, 332,589, 592,621, 678,689-90 Litvin-Sedoi, Zinovy Ia. 328,330-1,501,508, 514,536-7,539-40,562,607 Litvinov, Maksim 746 Liul (or Liuli), Adolf Petrovich 354,852 Lobanov, Mikhail Ivanovich 284,303,319, 353,363,368,373,441-2,449,459-62, 478-9,498,576,647-8,669,743-4, 852-Յ Lomonosov 513-14 London 332,586,760 Loriot, Fernand 380, 853 Losev, S. 146,463 Lozovsky, Solomon Abramovich [Dridzo] 26-7,147,149,239,381 Lugansk 241,391,527,592 Lunacharsky, Anatoly Vasilevich [Anatoly Aleksandrovich Antonov] 88,224,490 Lutovinov, Iury Khrisanfovich 1,19-24,267,47,49-52, 55-9, 6з֊7,73, 82-3, 90, 113, U9-20,147-54, 309, 396-7,402-4, 409,432-6, 487,
643-6, 675-7, 853 MacDonald, Ramsay 776, 853-4 Machajski, Jan Wacław see Makhaevism Macmanus 320, 603, 611,614 mail see postal service Makh, I. 7 Makhaevism 5,54,64,76,91,133,137,234-5, Z39-40,252,271,396,488,589 Makhaevshchina 76,233-4,236,241, 252,400,701,791 Makhno, Nestor Ivanovich 64,67,89,95 469-70,477,480, 530-1,558, 643-4, 674, 692,740, 763 collegial 18,20 micro 414 one-man 13,18-21,49,58,131,168,257, 409 worker 15-16,141,143-4,157,175 Manevich, D.M. 283,285 Mann, Tom 314,430,854 Manuilsky, Dmitry Zakharevich 316,332, 450,530,536,562,591,621, 645,802, 806,854 Maksimov, Nikolai 662-4, 666-9 Maksimovsky 233,244-5,249 market 292,435,439,469,525,625,642,718, 771 black 403 European 438 foreign 746 free 469,525,706, 727 gardening 45,344 handicrafts 707 internal 395,746 international 728 metals 526 open 642 peasant 704,717,726,770 prices 292,470 private 478 speculative 533 world 727-8 Martov, Iulius 518 Marx, Karl 121-2,252,447,524,632,634, 757
931 INDEX Marxism, Marxist 3-5,7,15,54, 76,90,127, 137,183,193,196,200,230,246,251-2, 298, 329,419. 437-8, 472. 47б, 492 560, 629-30,632, 634-5, 637,668,675-6, 682,685,703,713,718-19,733,757,760, 771,805, 818 anti-Marxist 322 Marxism-Leninism 287 non-Marxist 20,127,476 Marx-Engels Institute (after 1931 the MarxEngels-Lenin Institute) 121,287 Maslennikov, [Sergei I.?] 10,351,450,479, 855 Maslov 428 Matrozov 466 medical 579 medical doctor 579, 820 hospital(s) 259,669 see abo disease medicine 175,235,238,517 Medvedev, Aleksandr Nikolaevich 308,319, 461-2,507-8,605,670,855 Medvedev [-Stebalin], Sergei Pavlovich 1, 9-10,19-20, 24, 26,47. 63, 67-9,119, 124,127,145,152, 206, 223-4, 233-7, 239, 244, 261-3, 267-70, 274-5,286-8, 293-4, 295,303-u, 315,317-19,322-Յ, 325-6, 328-35,345,352, 359-60, 363, 365-9, Յ71, 373-4,379, 381-94, 421-2, 428-9,431, 443, 448-52, 458,461-2, 468-76, 478-83, 486,490-2, 501-4, 515-17, 521, 530-5, 537,539-44, 549֊50, 562-7, 569, 572-8, 581, 586-94, 596֊ 600, 602-7, 618, 620, 643-5, 650-9, 661-74, 678-9, 681, 722-50, 763, 76873, 775-87, 785-98, 801-2, 807, 812, 819-23, 855-6 Meleshchenko, A.I. 283,286 Melnichansky 434 Menshevik(s), Menshevism 4,12,14,52,55, 85,94-5,97, ИЗ, 130,251,259,271,295, 309,322,324, ՅՅ0-1, 337-40,381,407, 436, 443,445,471,474,476,480, 51718,537,545, 567, 579,589, 592, 598, 605, 6u, 653, 655-7, 676, 678-80, 688, 700, 704, 717, 720,758, 766, 772,777-8, 781, 784,788-9, 800 see abo Bolshevik(s) Meshchersky, Aleksei Pavlovich Metallist 38 metals 15,32-3,97,108,134,140,173,210, 25Յ, 313, 326, 328, 341, 343-5, 347, 422, 424-9, 470-3,477,480,
526, 529, 532, 644, 658-9, 663,704, 707, 714, 756-7, 811, 816 metalworker(s) 1-2,6,28,33,46,110-11,113, 120,146,153,170,173,210,255,301-2, 313,315,331,343-5,356-7,361-2,390֊ 2, 422, 425-6,440-1, 448, 462-3, 473, 478, 480-2, 486-7, 524-5, 533, 560, 566, 576-8, 600, 604, 651, 670-1, 722, 746,748, 758,801, 811-13 nonparty metalworkers 4,120,365 Metalworkers’ Union, All-Russian 2,11,13, 17-19,22,27-9,35-6,38, no-її, 113,119, 134,210,253-4,264,293,296,301-6, 308,313-16,320-4,343-5,351-74,382, 388, 395-400,409,411-12, 418-31, 434, 436, 439, 444,446,448, 451-Յ, 458-9, 462-83, 486, 490-1,497-8,505, 512, 517, 524, 530,538-40, 574-8, 580-3, 600-1,604, 612-13, 615, 643, 671, 699, 714, 799 Aleksandrov section 464 Armavir section 115 Briansk section 351,354,356, 423-4, 498 central committee (This entry comprises also the following central committee bodies: communist faction, bureau, presidium, and secretariat.) 27-8, 36,41,78,109-11,119,134,145,172-3, 253-4,287,301-5,313,320-3,351-74, 391,400,412,415,417,421-31,437,446, 451-2,455-6,464-82,490,507,517, 529, 540, 574֊6, 580, 595 Crimea section 464 Donbas (Donetsk) section 421,440,464, 466,479,498,505 Ekaterinoslav section 464,479 Enakievo section 391-2 First All-Russian Congress of the Metal workers’ Union 474,476-7 Fifth All-Russian Congress of the Metal workers’ Union (March 1922) 314-15, 320-4,364,439,448,458-9,46491,512,540,577-8,581, 601, 604,612, 422,856-7 615
932 INDEX Fourth АД-Russian Congress of the Metal workers’ Union (May 1921) 301-5, 308,313,321-2,343-5,351-74.382,388, 390.394-5. 397-400,409,411-13,416, 419, 424-5, 427, 434, 452-Յ, 456, 467, 472, 475,478, 481-2,486, 497-8, 505, 517, 538-9,574,582-3, 699 Izhevsk section 355 Kharkov section 113,302,354,358,362, Зб4֊5,440,464,479 Kiev section 498 Moscow section 146,302,355-8,396, 421,441,448,463-4,479,585 Nikolaev section 464,479,498 Nizhny Novgorod section 302,354,356, 358,404,464,466,498 Orenburg-Turgaisk section 115 Petrograd section 13,34,254,302,305, 323, Յ51,354, 357-60, 363,464,466, 498, 801 Siberia section 421 Southern Bureau (Iuzhbiuro) 421,424 Tula section 302,358,464,466 Uralsk section 114-15 Urals section 302,356,358,422,440, 466,479 Vyksa section 464 Zamoskvoretsky section 3Ո-12 Metalworkers’ Unions, International Federa tion of 345 Miasnikov, Gavriil (or Gavril) Ilich 8,309, 315-17,319,325,331,392,437,440, 442-3,445-6,458-9,461-2,488,498, 521,541,566,582-3,588,596,601֊ 3,606,608-10,615,643-6, 693,802, 857 Mikhailov (Donbas) 390-1 Mikhailov, Mikhail Flegontovich 10,146, 368,373,431,460,462,651,737, 857-8 Mikhailov, Vasily Mikhailovich 587, 602, 608-9, 858 Mikoian, Anastas Ivanovich 224, 594, 763 Mikov, M. 146,460,463 military 13-14,17,23-4,29,37,41,45,54, 67, 74, 79, 93.101-2,106,109,125,137, 139, Hi, 144,153,177,185,189,191, 201- 2, 226,235, 241,277, 297,300, 336, 342, 385, 402, 439, 476, 545, 552,557, 575, 598, 606, 622, 628, 680, 687, 701-2, 756, 764-5,767 academy 698,719 commissar(s) 68,70 commissariat 45,63,552 communism 628,754,764-5,817 defence
152,191,337,540,714,725-6,803 heavy infantry 759-60 industry 96,146,402,422,427,462,478 machine guns 263,274-5,289,291,333, 522, 747 militarisation 3,18,22-4,46-7,117,139, 189,226 militarism 14,17-18,330,439,756 sailor(s) 112,123,208,235,334-6 soldier(s) 92,96,98,112,191,208,230, ՅՅՕ, 491, 494, 747, 801 see also Commissariat of the Military, Council for State Defence, Council of Labour and Defence, labour armies, Red Army, Revolutionary Military Council militia, Kiev 765,767 Miliukov, Pavel Nikolaevich 338, 518, 858 Miliutin 22,151,521,525,715 Millerand, Alexandre 748,858 mill(s) 71,74,79,89, 96,260,264,341, 707-8 rumour 653 Milonov, Iury Konstantinovich 9,114,198֊ 206,213-18,289-91,514,623-41, 643, 858-9 Mineralnye Vody 382 mine(s) 44,143,168,280,393,551,660-2, 707,714 miner(s), mineworker(s) 39,88,165,170, 264, 347,662, 811 Mineworkers, All-Russian Union of 19, 22, 116-17,146,264,297,299,301,420,4634,512, 673 Congress of the Mineworkers’ Union 116-17 Second All-Russian Congress of Mineworkers 165-72,264 mining 4,170-1,295,313,347,349,438,704, 714,725,756,811 Central Board of the Coalmining Industry (TsPKP) 181 see ako АД-Russian Council of the Eco nomy (VSNKh)
933 INDEX Mironov, A. 146,463 Mitin, Flor Anisimovich 303,306-8,319, 328, ззг-2,351,356-7,363, 368, 373, 389-96,421,423,426,429,437,440-1, 450,460-1,463,479,511-12,545,564, 566-8,576,578,585-7,593-4, 59б, 598, 6oo֊i, 604-6,835,860 Molotov [Skriabin], Viacheslav Mikhailovich 22,56,301-2,304-5,335,359,368-74, 420,432-3,534,539,574,585,591, 602, 608,644, 655-6, 665,766,786,789,792, 795,797, 860-1 monarchy, monarchist 315,524,566,601, 625-6,759 Monatte, Pierre 748, 861 money 45-6,402-3,430,513,525, 532,5512,554, 663, 779 British pounds sterling 527-8 Canadian dollars 527 currency 37,212,444,526-7,532-3, 673 Czechoslovakian crowns 526-7 dollars 430,526 gold currency 445 gold kopecks 553 gold rubles 513,525,527-9,551,553-4, 705,707,713, 716-17, 811 goods or commodity (tovarnyi) ruble 673 hard currency 673 kopecks 434-5,526-7,551-Յ, 707 paper ruble 34 prewar mble 715 reform 750 Reichsmarks 526-7 ruble 386,405,526-9,532,551-4,673 Soviet ruble 552 Swedish crown(s) 526 Monmousseau, Gaston 749,861-2 Morshchiner 432 Moscow see Bauman district, Communist Party (Russian or Soviet), Communist Party Congresses and Conferences, Khamovniki, union(s), union con gresses and conferences, workers Moscow City Council of Trade Unions 20, 128,154 Moscow Hydroelectrical Station (moges) 216,257,311, 581 Muir and Mirrielees Department Store 57 Müller, Richard 670,862 Murom 388-9 muzhik 47,51,64,444,446,523,525,713, 715,740 Myasnikov, Gavril Ilich see Miasnikov, Gavriil nationalisation of industry see industry nationalism, nationalist(s) 658,746,756 Nationalist Party of China 658 nationality question,
nationalities policy 6, 224,647 network(s) 190,201,295,316,642,660, 814 New Economic Policy (nep) 8,121,292-7, 309,313-17,322,333,375-6,380,383, 390, 413, 416,418-19, 433-5, 437, 441, 444-5, 450,454, 468, 472,476-8, 493՜ 5, 523-4, 530, 535, 552, 584,587, 600, 611, 642-3, 645-7, 649, 651-2, 653, 655, 659, 661, 663, 667, 669, 671, 684, 692, 698-9, 704, 714-15, 723, 726-8, 750-1, 813 see also Communist Party congresses and conferences, industry, Left Opposi tion, Right Opposition, Shakhty Trial, syndicates, taxation, trusts, United Opposition newspaper(s) 54, 73, 95, U5,151,153 173, 227, 337, 398,405,432, 442-Յ, 447,460, 506, 516, 545, 548, 555, 588-9, 592, 620, 653, 667, 706, 714, 738, 748, 776, 780, 799, 802, 821 see also Aglt-Rosta, Baklnsky rabochy, Ekonomlcheskaiazhizn, Izvestua, The New York Times, Pravda, Rabochy put, Rul, Uralsky rabochy New Opposition 658,784,787, 806-8, 813 see also Leningrad Opposition, United Opposition New York Times, The 656 Niederkirchner, Michael 670-2, 674, 862 Nikolaenko, Ivan Ignatevich 10,283,285, 441,650, 652, 663,737,763, 765, 862-3 Nikolaev (city) 316,440-1,445,448,450, 464, 479, 484, 498, 506, 512, 542, 600 Nikolaeva, Klavdiia Ivanova 762, 863 Nikolsky 478-9
934 INDEX Nizhny Novgorod 2,18, 93,113,115,133-4, 302, 351. 354. 358, 464.479. 514-15, 750 Nizhegorod 354,356,401,404,466,474, 498-9,543,585 Nizhny Novgorod provincial trade-union council 115 NKVD (Commissariat of Internal Affairs) 10,388,459,648, 663,669,681,737, 802 nobility, noble(s) 401,519,626, 689 Nogin, Viktor Pavlovich 22,25,131-2,151, 172,534 nonparty 26,38,76,120,134,139,166,174, 230-3,246-7,254,266,269,281-2, 339-40, 351, 365, 399,436, 485,499, 507, 512-13, 559-60, 564, 585, 590-1, 596, 600-2,606, 617, 687,697, 712, 759, 770, 800 norms and norm-setting 34-5,38-40,74, 130,132,134-5,196-7,200,526,781 Norway, Norwegian 49,613,732,761,776, 785,788 Norwegian Labour Party 785,788 Noske, Gustav 803,863-4 Novorossiisk Artillery Regiment, 62nd 491 Nudolin 491-2 Obolensky, Valerian see Osinsky, Nikolai Odessa 89,113,268,275,379,669 OGPU (Consolidated State Political Adminis tration) 491-2,644-6,653,659,661-4, 666-8 see ako Cheka, gpu, nkvd, police oil 12,651,723,725-6 see ako fuel Omsk 113,326,661-70,820-3 opposition see Democratic Centralist(s), Left Opposition, Leningrad Opposi tion, New Opposition, Right Opposi tion, September Opposition, United Opposition, Workers’ Group, Workers’ Truth, Workers’ Opposition opportunism, opportunist 103,152,157, 246,345,419, 678-9, 752,784, 789,805, 820 Ordzhonikidze, Grigory ‘Sergo’ 647,657-8, 662,666,796-7, 864 Orenburg 575 Orgburo see Communist Party (Russian or Soviet) Orlov, Kirill Nikitich 146,368,373,421,4278,462,644,864-5 orthodox(y) 5,361,517,687 Osinsky, Nikolai [Obolensky, Valerian Valeri anovich]
11,16,213,215,217,222,295, 488, 547, 594, 700-1, 704,707, 713-14, 717, 721-2, 865 Ózol, KA panic 328,501,515 37,106,212,330,348,521-3,530,537- 8 Paniushkin, Vasily Lukich 293,306-7,33743,388,390,400-1,408,516,542,577, 604,693,866 Paris 490, 646,738, 745-9 Paris Commune 692 Parov [ ] 356,368,483,866 patronage 62,170,197,338 Pavlov, A. 180,197,303,319,354,362-3,368, 373,421,431, 449,451,458,460, 462-3, 479, 866 peasant(s) 4-5,18,47, 59-61,64,80-1,845,89,98,102, U4,123,125,129-30,159, 163,174,182,185,192-4,198,202-4,2Ц, 213-15,220,226,228,230,237,242, 244-5,247,252,269,275-6,279,292֊ 6,308-9,315,317,330,333,338,342-4, 346-7,376-8,384-6,398,401,405-7, 442,445, 495, 518,523-5, 530-1, 548, 572, 626-8, 635, 638, 642-3, 650, 652, 656, 661-2, 665, 668, 673, 679, 687-8, 690, 702, 704, 708,710-11, 713, 715-19, 725-31, 739-40, 750-5,759-64, 770-2, 786, 792, 800-1, 803-4, 810, 812, 81618 army 64 batrak 223,754 bedniak, bednota (poor peasants) 1,47, 59,81,84,86,223, 611,709,718,743,754, 771-5,779,817-19 committees of poor 86 communism 401 consumerism 650,652 dekulakisation 666 German parties 678 kulak(s) (wealthy peasants) 93,340, 387,656,659,665,668,690,716,71819,727,729,743,754,764,771-2,781-2, 817,819
935 INDEX muzhik (male peasant) 47,51, 64,444, 446,523 525.713.715.740 rebellion(s), uprising(s) 112,123-4,269, 668,699 seredniak (middle peasants) 47,59,81, 93,342,611,727,743,755, 771-2, 810, 818-19 union(s) 5,271-2,315,317,446,488 villages 88-9,143,744,767 worker-peasant inspection 53,75,218, 647.705 see abo agriculture, collectivisation, estate(s), Worker-Peasant Socialist Party Pekar 718,866 People’s Commissariats see Commissariats Perepechko, Ivan Nikolaevich 84-7,90-5, из, 117-18,123-4,149,206, 216-18,283, 285,288,293,306-7,390,394,396-7, 403֊5 411, 417-19. 451.866-7 Perm 18,315,440,466-8,479,514,583. 602, 608-9 Petersburg Committee see Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party Petrograd 1-2,7,13-15,34,38,65, иг, Ա7-18, 123,152,235,241,244,249.254,302-5, 334-5, 337,351, 354, 356-60, 363, 422, 464,466,479,489, 492, 562, 575,592-З, 602, 609,673,688,7И, 714,742,762, 801 see abo Leningrad, St. Petersburg Petroplavsky 89 Petrov 289,449,483 Petrovka street 57 Petrovsky, Grigory Ivanovich 22,25, 88,3312, 433, 537, 562, 574, 587, 867 Petrushka 557 petty bourgeois see bourgeois Piatakov, Georgy [Yury] Leonidovich 26, 180-4,515,725 Piatnitsky, Iosif Aronovich [Tarshis, Iosif Oriolovich] 67,867-8 Pigilev 491 Piter, Pitertsy see Petrograd, St Petersburg Pivon, Ivan Ignatevich 650,802,805 see abo Trifonova planning (economic) 44,105,131,136,154-5, 167, 29З, 449, 677, 714 five-year plan 642,660,818 see also State Committee for Planning Platform of Labour Industrialism group 13 see abo industrialism plenipotentiaries 135,160,203, շս, 230,235, 281,455, 542 Pleshkov, V.
119,145,319,462,868 Plokhotnikov 351,868 Pokrovsky, Mikhail Nikolaevich 492 Poland, Poles, Polish 23,54,80,388,515, 739, 757 police 9,625,646,652,660 gendarme(s) 589 informant 310 political 491-2,643-4 secret 10,327,646,668 transport 662 see abo Cheka, gpu, nkvd, ogpu Politburo see Communist Party Polosatov, A. 180-4,319,328,390,396,406, 421,449,460-2,467-8,478,500-1, 604-5,868 Popov 250 Populists, Russian 86,89,161,752 postal service, mail 207,382,666,716,723, 808,822 telegram 186-7,261,326,398,563,574 telegraph 17,54,102,207,241,551,716 telephone-telegram 581 see also Commissariat of Post and Tele graph, Russian Telegraph Agency Prasolov, [Aleksei Grigorevich?] 451,478, 868 Pravda 17,89,119,122,137-9, H7,156-7,159, 172,187,251,256,288,324,328,470,491, 495, 499,50З, 506, 5U, 516-19, 5304, 538, 543-4, 548,562,582, 594, 620, 655-9, 665, 683,703, 713,722, 724, 736, 742, 763, 768-72, 776,778, 780, 7834, 786-8, 796-9,791,794, 796-8, 803, 807-8, 819-20 Pravdin, Aleksandr [Iosif] Grigorevich 319, 396,405,437-8,446-8,457,459,461-2, 487,516, 543, 614, 644, 652, 737,743-5, 868-9 Preobrazhensky, Evgeny Alekseevich 226,64, u8,224,443,550,647,679,681, 683-4, 686-7,689,700-1, 704,707,712, 717,721,725,869 price(s) 34-7,292,346,435,470,526-9,553, 642,705,716-18,750,762,764,767,818
936 INDEX Primerov [ ] 392, 869 printer(s) 124,440 prison(s), prisoners 118,133,313,321,342, 388,398,400,403, 514,646, 661,663, 666-7,669, 701,744 jail 153-4, би, 667 producer( s) 39,56,59,105,107,127,131-2, 140,142,144,169, 202-3,205,251-2, 260-1,271-2, 296,350,387 all-Russian congress of 3-6,143,156,158, 254,261,272 commodities producers 5,59,139,169, 252,271 production 3-5,13, 20,28-9,39-40,44-5. 56,105-8,140-2,165,168-9,172-9,1915,201-5,212,251-6,315-17,348,375442-5,471,704,707,773-4 management of 45,173-4,192,202,31617,444,446,480 managing 115,117,139,143,156,172,205 new system of 279, 377 old capitalist system of 375-6 organisation of 31,40,105,134,175-6, 203,253 prewar 756 seizure of 173,425,445,457 productivity 4,12-13,16-41,45-6,80-1,105, 108,132,135,140,144,155,168-70,174, 201,296,300-1,324, 341,344,346-7, 384,386,438,449,469-70,472,527,817 profession(s), professional(s) 34,61,143, 297,341,344,478,519,566 chemist(s) 254,722,764 engineer(s) 3,38,107,173,182,258,266, 323,422,431, 447, 479, 529, 661 journalist(s) 518,615,673 lawyer(s) 401,567 medical doctor(s) 579,820 professor(s) 762 scientist(s) 62,132, 635,639 teacher(s) 175,673 Profintem (Red Trade Union International) 434, 672, 734, 777, 784-9, 791, 793-4, 796, 798 Prokopenko, M.I. 10 Prokopenko, O.Kh. 10 proletarian see encyclopedia, Proletarian Culture, science, universities semi 4,87,223,279, 688,729,752,779-80 Proletarian Culture (Proletkult) 206, 623-41 cultural cells 635 Proletarskaia revohutsiia 801 prosecutor 537,579,583,702 prosecutorial 320,620 9,114,186- province(s) 17-18,24,40,45,50,53, 58,63,
65-6,69,72-3,75,77,80,82-3,87, 109,111,114,131-2,142-3,155,171,207, 210-11,213-15,219,221-3,234,23840,258,264,266-8,272,295,306,326, 352,360-3,365,371,388-9,393, 396-9, 404-7,410,412,414,416,421-5,428,431, 439-42,446-7,449,451-2, 454-6, 467, 478-9, 481, 501, 504-7, 535, 540, 548, 555,557,559,561,564,566,571, 576, 578,580,585,588,595, 601, 614,675-6, 685,800,804,808 provincial 58,66, П4-15,150,156,240,264, 306,390,413,450,535,600, 806 Provisional Government 1, u, 769 provisions see food Pudalov 529 purge(s) see Communist Party (Russian or Soviet) Pykhtin 206,287 Rabkrin see Commissariat of Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection Rabochaia oppozlts'ua by Alexandra Kollontai 8,121,213,219, 623 Rabochaia oppozitsiia by Emelian Iaroslavsky 799 Rabochaia oppozitsiia: materiały i dokumenty, edited by M. Zorky 799 Radek [Sobelson], Karl Bemgardovich 6, 19-20,22-3,25,123,239,273,309,319֊ 20,324,329,375,380-1,490, 545,617, 619-20,680,719, 870 radio 207,577,582 Rafail [Farbman, Rafail Borisovich] 6,218, 237,250-1,681,870 railway workers 22,101,133,515,706 Railway Workers’Union 101,133 see also Tsektran Rakovsky, Khristian Georgievich [Stanchev, Kriestiu Georgiev] 22,26,83,85-7, из, 267,490,701,870-1 rank-and-file 23,6g, 74-8, U2, Ա5,157,159,
937 INDEX 161,164,188,197, 211, 216,219, 223, 226, 228, 234-6, 240-1, 247-8,265, 273, 2789, 282, 310, 324, 399, 498, 541, 545,582, 603, 624, 656, 683, 691-2, 697, 712 see also higher-ups Ravdel 491 raw materials 30-1, 35,37-8,43-5,75,79, 97,130,140,154-S 168, 341, 345. 347, 349-50, 398,438, 472, 477, 715, 810, 818-19 Razuvaevs 393 Red Army 14, 23,44, 88,123,208,228,230, 488,491,494,565,569-70, 616,622, 673,698 strikebreakers 570,616, 622 Reformation 625,632 Reichenbach, Bernhard 623 Registrad 583-5 religion 164,418,476,625, 631-2, 636 anti-religious propaganda 6 clergy 626 high priests 625, 631-2, 639 missionaries 687 priests 687,709 sectarian 687 Renaissance 632 repression 9, 68,123, 270,292, 308,310,395, 398,400-2,418,441,461, 615, 676,680 reprisal(s) 116,293,306-8,310, 389,413,507, 656,782,806,815 Revel (Tallinn) 403, 564-5,615, 738 Revolutionary Military Council (Revvoensovet or rvs) 29,47, 575 revolution from above 643,659-60 Riazan 113-14 Riazanov [Goldendakh], David Borisovich 12-13, 15,2°, 46,55-6,12°, r66,204,216, 218-19,222,224, 239-41, 251,255,257, 261,264,274,298-300,324,360,399, 536, 539, 562, 594, 693, 719, 871-2 Riga 134 Right Opposition 659 Rivkin, R.G. 283,285 Roland-Holst, Henriette 381,872 Romanov court 102 Rosmer, Alfred 748, 872 Rosta see Russian Telegraph Agency Rostov 65-7,564 Rostov-on-Don 440,450, 564,669 Rozental, Iakov Ivanovich 119,305,354,368, 372-3,421-2,426,428, 872 Rubakin, Nikolai 637,872-3 Rudniansky, Andreas [Endre Rudnyánszky] 77б 873 Rudzutak, Ian E. 22,25-7,118,167,433,475, 487,614,616,873-4 Rukhimovich, Moisei Lvovich 392,874 Ruí 588-9
Rumynov 486-7,495-6 Rusch, Oskar 671,874-5 Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party (rsdrp) see Bolsheviks, Communist Party (Russian or Soviet), Men shevik^) Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (rsfsr) 5,54,155,328,403, 607 Russian Telegraph Agency (Rosta) 54,190 Rutgers, Sebald Justius 429-30, 875 Rybak, D[mitry] I[vanovich] 206, 239,284, 286,405, 875-6 Rychkov, S. 146,463 Rykov, Aleksei Ivanovich 22, 25-7,46-7,55, 148,151-2,542, 656, 659,704,762,766, 774, 781, 799, 875-6 Rykunov, Mikhail 120 Ryskin-Rysko, [Iakov Aleksandrovich?] 426,876 sabotage 58,62,65,97-8,153-4,170,190, 249,556,590,655, 661,801 Sadoul, Jacques 334,876 Safarov, Georgy 224,487,498,619 Safronov 152,483 sailors see military St. Petersburg 12,65,498 Piter 38, 67,132,198,207-8,210,219,351, 464,479, 537-8,705,741,762,801 see also Leningrad, Petrograd salaries 431,533,683,692 see also wages Samara 2,9,18,113-14,186-206,213-15,250, 332,514,590,623-41 samodeiatelnost see initiative from below Sapozhnikov, Grigory Lvovich 285,669, 876 Sapronov, Timofei Vladimirovich 16,64,69, 217, 679-80,698-701,703-4,707-10, 712,720-1,876-7
938 Saturday workdays, voluntary (subbotniks) 163-4,232 Savichev 564,567,579,587,596 Scheidemann, Philipp Heinrich 445-6,672, 877 school(s) 40,46,53,61,159,174-5,227,252, 259-60,265,342,560, 687,702,735 party school 635,638 schools of communism 142,174-5,255, 265 see ako education, student(s), universities science, scientist(s) 62,132,141,194,197, 200,341,624,629-30,634-40 proletarian 623-4,628,630-1,634-5, 639-40 Second Communist International see Com munist International Sedoi see Litvin-Sedoi self-activity see initiative from below Semashko, Nikolai Aleksandrovich 490 Semkov, Semen Moiseevich [Kogan, Samuil Moiseevich] 363,422,426,428,431,478, 877-8 September Opposition 725,737 Serebrennikov, Aleksandr A. 10 Serebriakov, Leonid Petrovich 22,25-6, n8, 614, 744, 878 Sergeev, F.A see Artem Sergeev, N.K. 284-5,305,369,372-Յ, 421, 423,426,878 Serge, Victor 27, 650 Shadurskaia, Zoia Leonidovna 318-19,4623,489-90,610,878-9 Shakhty Trial 660-1 see ako trials Shats 355,879 Shatskin 237 Shipillo 355-6 Shkiriatov, Matvei Fedorovich 559,792,822, 879 Shliapnikov, Aleksandr Gavrilovich 1-5,7, 9-12,15-24,26-49,52,57,59-63,90, 95-109, Ш-12,115-37,145,147-9,152, 154-8,161-72,176,190,202,204-14, 216-17,222,224-5,251-60,263-4,2703,275,284-5,287-8,293-313,3i5֊27, 329-37, 343-59,361-3, 366-94, 396400,403-5,407-11, 413,416-17,419-22, 427-31, 438-9, 441-3,446-8, 451-4, INDEX 458-66,473,475-81,483-9, 492-500, 502, 512, 516-18,521-32, 536-41, 54950,555,562-70, 573,576-89, 591-608, 6n-i8,620,643-6, 648-59,661-70, 681-724,736-823,879-80 Shmidt, Vasily Vladimirovich
302,304,3517,361,365-7,399,440,880-1 shock work 77, 80,106,155,202 Shokhanov, G.V. 319,441,461-2,483, 604-5, 881 show trial(s) see trial(s) Shtanko, A.M. 284-5 Shumsky 89 Shutskever, Fanya 644 Siberia 14,326,330,421,537,661-9 Trans-Siberian Railway 14 Sirotin, AD. 191,284-5 Sivert, V. 146,463 Skliznev, Pavel Andreevich 28,111,119,145, 154,322, Յ51-2,356,396,407,410,421, 424,431,440-1,462,464-6,478-9, 881 Skvortsov [Stepanov], Ivan Ivanovich 2078,881-2 slavery 17,437,519 Smidovich, S.N. 328,501-2,513,559, 605 Smilga, IvarTenisovich 22,211,220, 2245,23Յ, 235,240,244-9,436, 803, 882 Smirnov, Aleksandr 645 Smirnov, I.N. 22,592,686,725 Social Democratic Party of Germany (spd) 445, 447֊8 social engineering 640 socialism 13,123,333,340,343,427, 636, 642, 650, 670, 713, 726,752-3, 757-9, 762, 778-9, 791,794, 816-19 building 32,175,180,215, 344,525, 636, 642, 753, 778, 803,817 departure from 295 in one country 650-1,656,662,753 in the countryside 81 state 48 transition to 12,117,295,333,752 Socialist Academy 201,638-9 Socialist Party of France 748 Socialist Revolutionary Party (srs) 4,55, 94,97,120,123,130,223,251,259, 295, 307,310, Յ22, ՅՅ8,340,388,436,471,
939 INDEX 518,653,675-6,688,690,713,717,752. 771-2 Borotbist 84,86,89 Right SRS 14,84,86,8oo֊-i Socialist Revolutionary Maximalists 89, 190,800-1 see also Left Socialist Revolutionaries Society of Factory (and Plant) Owners 34, 447 Sokolniki u6,248 Sokolnikov [Brilliant], Grigory Iakovlevich [Girsh Iankelevich] 26,550-1,882-3 soldier(s) see military Solianka 150-1 Solovev 119,353,514,718-20, 883 Solts, Aron Aleksandrovich 207,212,328, 500,502,504-5,508-9, 511-12,514-15, 522, 536, 538-41,543-4, 549-50,576, 579, 585, 587, 602, 608-9, 654,770,790, 883-4 Sormovo 14,115,133,146,463 Sosnovsky, Lev Semenovich 213,216,218, 884 Sotsialistíchesky vestnik 778,781 Souvarine, Boris 319-20 Sovetov, Aleksei 416, 884 soviet(s) (This entry refers to soviets as coun cils and bodies of government, not to the Soviet state and society more broadly.) 1,5-6,9,11,14,16-17,20-1,24,30,413,50,57, 59-62, 65-6, 73-8, 80-4, 87, 90-4, 96-g, 106,114-15,117,121,123,127, 131,137-8,144,159-60,166,172,177-9, 182-6,190,192-4,196, 207-8, 211, 21418,220,223, 226, 231, 238, 242-5,256, 269-70, 272,276-8, 281-2,290, 3067, 314-17, 326,334, ՅՅ8-40, 342,347, 385,413-М, 427,443, 445-6,453-4, 499-500,535, 560, 572, 595, 599, 601, 606, 614, 617, 643, 652, 673, 678-9, 687, 702,732,744,761, 767, 770, 780, 800-1, 807 All-Russian Soviet of Workers’ and Sol diers’ Deputies 801 Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) 42,45,53-4,60-2,66,83,153,155,163, 179, Յ96,531,575,580,800-1 Congress of Soviets of Peasant Deputies 800-1 Eighth Congress of Soviets (December 1920) 117,128-37,148,288,575,714 Moscow Soviet 339-40,342,354,441,
552,565,569,603,605,615,622 Ninth Congress of Soviets (December 1921) 530-2 Peasant Soviet 801 Second Congress of Soviets 800-1 Seventh Congress of Soviets (December 1919) 575 Third Congress of Soviets 751 soviet building 75,139,208,223,340, 407-8,522 Soviet power 13,29-31,35,37,39-41,49,56, 70-1,84,90-2,97,100,106,123,138,152, 160,166,184,216,218,228,280-1, 33940,347-8, 384,387, 402, 416,437, 440, 457,471-2,476, 481,523,567,589, 605, 665,668,728,762,765,773, 800-1 Soviet Union (ussr) 8,294,491,644,646-7, 659-61,667,669,678, 682,744,751 sovkhoz see farm(s) Sovnarkom see Council of People’s Com missars specialist(s) 15,21,29-33,37,48,54,62, 656,69,71,73,75,82,106-7,117,120,130, 140-1,159,171-3,194,232,295,341,376, 393, 442,447,457, 660, 676, 757, 808 spets(es) 54,71,74-5, 81,173,194,196, 336,405,441,474,479 SRs see Socialist Revolutionary Party Stalin [Djugashvili], IosifVissarionovich 7, 10,16,22,25,27, u8,127,149,224,294, 299-300,326,331,335-6,609, 642-7, 650-3,655-62,665-8,670,722,7513,756,762-3,766,769,777,781,792, 795-7 Stalinism, Stalinist ю, 14, 660,762, 804 Stankov 508 state, the 1,11-12,15-16,17-19,25-6,28,59, 74, 95,97,132,159,164,172,175-8,185, 195,198,204,252-3,256,292,295,297, 322, 324, 347,349,378, 384,422,443, 446-7, 468-71, 478, 533-5, 538,540, 622,625-6,661, 674, 678, 714, 787-9 state capitalism see capital(ism) State Association of Machine-Building Factories (Gomza) 146,354,426-7,5289
INDEX 940 State Bank 551 State Commission for Electrification of Rus sia (goelro) 311 State Committee for Planning (Gosplan) 311,424-5.647. 696,714 State Construction Committee (Komgosor) 145 Moscow (Moskomgosor) 339 State Control Committee (Goskontrol) 63 State Institute of Dentistry 490 Stavropol 233 stenographer(s) xiv, 66,67,328,432,487, 569.575 stenographic report (selected) xiii-xiv, 63, 151,204,217,222, 266,432-3,464,484, 487. 521.562.577-8,605, 698,713,724, 736,788, 812 Stepanov 211,257,368,372-3,421,885 Stinnes, Hugo 678 sto see Council of Labour and Defence Stockholm 332,586 Stolbov 354 Stomoniakov 588 Storozhenko, A. 146,463 strike(s) 11,14-15, 88, 98,123,227,278,317, 322, 324-5,393,440,445,449,470-2, 474, 476-7, 493, 495, 524,533, 537,565, 570,616,642, 645,662,674, 688,735, 748,768 breaking 488-9,494,565,570,616 force 71 iund(s) 317,322,434,445,470 Italian 449 protest 537 Strokin, V. 146,463 Strumilin, Stanislav Gustavovich 38 student(s) 164,332,586, 638-9,644,702,799 Stukov 521-2 subbotnik(s) see Saturday workdays, volun tary Sulimov, Daniil G. Egorovich 353, 885 Sweden, Swedish 473,488,526,528,615, 704-5 Switzerland 617 syndicalism, syndicalist(s) 3-6,12,15,48, 52,54, из, ii6,123,125,127,129-30,133, 136-7,158,165-7, 172, 204, 2°6, 208-9, 213-14,233, 235-6, 241,250, 252-3, 256, 261, 267, 272-5, 284-5, 287, 289, 318, 334, 393, 409, 461,500, 503, 507, 518, 599, 603, 610, 612, 617, 672, 674, 684, 746, 811, 813 see abo anarcho-syndicalism syndicate(s) 767 Nonferrous Metals Syndicate 663 see abo trust(s) Tarasov, Georgy Fedorovich (Moscow) 322, З51,
355-6,359,361,373,396,410,421, 423, 431, 449,460, 465, 474, 479, 483, 885-6 Tarasov, Vladimir E. (Omsk) 10, 821, 886 Tarasova, K.M. 10 Tarygin ид, 305,368-9, 372-3, 421, 428, 474, 479, 886 Tashkin, A.M. 305,319,322,351,356,364, 368-70,372-3,421-2, 459, 462-3, 466, 541,886 Tatar 674 Tauride Palace 489 tax(es) 267,293,378,397,553,580, 642, 652, 715-16, 719, 730, 750, 763-4, 767, 774, 778 tax-in-kind 121,267,292-3, 295,336,346, 348, 397, 553, 614, 774, 778 Taylorism (Frederick W. Taylor) 13,191 technology 36,40,62,155,191,200, 202,469, 629,632,634 telegram see postal service telegraph see postal service telephone 264,540,563,574,581,587, 619, 763 Tenth Party Congress see Communist Party congresses and conferences Terracini, Umberto 319-20,603, 611, 614, 617-18,620,886 terror 7,423-4,660,669,684 textile(s) 4,15,32,35,347,398, 625, 717 textileworkers n, 35,146,254,261, յո, 420, 436,464,478,582 Textileworkers’ Union 11,19,146, 396, 420,464 Moscow Textileworkers’ Union 19 theatres 144,195,484,554 Bolshoi 554,584 Maksim Gorky studio 554 Malyi 554 Moscow Artistic 554
941 INDEX Thermidor 803 Third Communist International see Com munist International, Third Tikhonravov, Nikolai Mikhailovich 176-80, 264,284-5,886 Tokchak 579 Tolokontsev, Aleksandr Fedorovich 1,19, 115,119-20,145,154,303,319,328,355, 363-4, 368, 373-4, 437, 444-5, 447,459, 462-3, 479, 512-13,529, 545, 563, 604, 643-4, 887 Tomsky [Efremov], Mikhail Pavlovich 1823,25-7,46,56-7,78,99,118-19,128-9, 136,147,149,151-4,165,171-2,188,204, 207,222,233,251,259,261-4,275,296300,321-2,324, 360,399,466-7,474-5, 479-80, 486-7, 521, 524, 550, 579,594, 645,656, 659, 744,749,887-8 see ako All-Russian Central Trade Union Council, Right Opposition towns 30,47, 66, 72, 208,223,339-40,347, 392,424, 709,718,727-30,780, 810,817 towns and countryside 34,208,223, 339-40,755 townspeople 385 trade unions see unions transport 4,12,14,18,22-3,34,36-7,43,45, 62-3,98,101,106,133,143,147,151,202, 292,346-7,349,402,429,513,527-8, 53°, 552,662,687,702,706-7,714,716, 743, 771 automobile(s) 40,70,102,150-2,172, 266,335,380,405 locomotives 40,191,328, 444,473,488, 495,513,526-9,553,614-15, 704,706, 7!3-i4, 771 railroads, railway(s) 13-14,17,22,37,50, 101,133,165,236,280,328,345,347,385, 393,503, 507,515, 526-7, 532-Յ, 551-Յ, 575, 662, 706, 715-16, 725, 771 steam engine(s) 434 steam ship(s) 385 train cars 133,135, 473, 552-Յ, 7H, 771 trains 47,102,145,342,402 tram(s) 144-5, Յ42,385,551 water 22-3,101,133 transport workers 34,101,133 Trans-Siberian Railway 14 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 14,438 Tretiakov [ ] 391-2,888 trial(s) 133,209,310-12,330,485,490,494, 522,530,537,539,576,581, 585-7,6601, 669,701-3,720
Trifonova, Mania 650,658,802-5 see ako Pivon triumvirate 642, 645-7,649 Trotsky [Bronshtein], Lev Davidovich 54, 70,72, 82,136-7,266,275,375,451,467, 490, 534, 582-4,619, 644, 661, 706, 7623, 800, 888-9 bureaucracy 255-7,695-6,710 cc 22-6,112,118,335-6,543,614,616, 696,701 Comintern 309,319-20,380-1,543-5, 603,610, 613-14,616,619 Kronstadt 335 Left Opposition 647-51,679-80,695-7, 701-3,709-10,738,741-Յ Lenin’s ‘testament’ and succession 646- 7,649 militarisation of industry 17-19,22-4, 46-7, иг, И7,130-4,524 Polish war 228 Politburo 16,50-2 Stalin 336, 651,655-6 Trade union debate 1,18,24-8,11315,117-21,129,148,152,157-8,165-7, 169-73,180-1,183,201-6,251-2,258-9, 261-2,264-5,296-7,299,555,699 United Opposition 10,642,651, 655-7, 659, 763, 803, 806,808-10 Trotskyism, Trotskyist 148,183,258,397, 555,642,648-9,660-4, 685, 695,701, 738,784,803, 808,810, 820-1 Trud newspaper 714 trust(s) 15,31,132,295,350,433-6,438,471, 473, 525, 764 Southern Metallurgical Trust (Iugostal) 479 Ukrainian Tobacco Trust 650, 763 see also State Association of MachineBuilding Factories (Gomzy), syndic ate^) Tsaritsyn (Stalingrad, Volgograd) 488,493, 614 Tsektran 22-3,26,101,110,133,148-50,16572,263,297,300,399 Tsentrobalt 336
942 INDEX Tsiurupa, Aleksandr Dmitrievich 210,222, 889-90 Tsyperovich, Grigory 27 Tula 14,18,115,120,217,222,302,351,358, 391.464, 466, 479. 721 Tuntul 2o6,24g, 286 Turkestan 44, 78,189,299,487 typewriters 150-1,153,266,737 Ufa 575 Uglanov, Nikolai A. 302,304,351,353-7,361, 365.498,890 Ukraine, Ukrainian 7,52, 64,66-7,82-95, 113-14,215,316,417-19,423,428,4401,498,512,589,592,600,650,659,669, 744,763-6, 800-2 see abo Communist Party of Ukraine Ulianova, Mania Ilinichna 654,790 unemployment 322,402,430-1,444,470, 547,642, 647,663,687,690,709,725, 727-8,746-7,756,764,810 union congresses and conferences All-Russian congresses of trade unions 90,108 All-Ukraine Congress of Trade Unions 441 Fifth All-Russian Conference of Trade Unions 2,26, 92, Ш, 147-8,150-1,162 Fifth All-Russian Congress of Trade Uni ons (September 1922) 324,408,424 First All-Russian Trade Union Congress (January 1918) 12,56, 99-100,138, 178-9 Fourth All-Russian Congress of Trade Uni ons (May 1921) 296-302,369,371, 388, 397-9, 411-12, 417, 423-4, 434,452, 486,497, 582 Kharkov gubernia congress of trade uni ons (1921) 441 Second All-Russian Congress of Trade Unions (February 1919) 99-100,138, 178-9 Third Congress of Trade Unions (April 1920) 22,99-100,135,138,299 see abo Metalworkers’ Union, Miners’ Union unions cell(s) 132,141,144,156,165,168,173,175, 192, 266, 341 International Council of Trade Unions (Mezhsovprof) 264 production unions 28-9,43-5, 51, 56, 59-63,80,95, 97,105,107-8, no, 130, 136,140-1,143,156,158,258,272,296-8, 341,415,424,436,456,673 profession-based unions 129,142,155, 297 trade union
movement 33,51-2,55,58, 60-1,95-100,103,108-9, in, 128-9,132, 136-7,147i 151,165-6,171-2,183-4, 201, 205,209,253,259,265,272,299,324, 352, 360, 407-9,412-13, 434,436, 454, 461, 473-4, 478,500, 590, 617, 643, 6713, 746,748,758-9,765, 778, 784, 787, 789 trade union commission 26-7,147-54 trade unionism 129-30,204,777 see abo All-Russian Council of Trade Unions, Amsterdam International of Trade Unions, factory, industry labour, peasant unions, Shliapnikov, strikes, Tomsky, unions by trade or profession United Front 20,296,314-15,318-19, 329, 438,443, 445-6,458, 460-1, 493, 516, 536,542,555,557-9,614,618-19, 658, 777,793 United General Confederation of Labour 749 United Opposition 10,651,656-9, 664, 784 universities 635,638,201 proletarian 9,190,201,638 worker 638-9 Unshlikht 584 unskilled worker(s) 34, 44, 758 uprising 14,123,192,209,403,440, 495, 575, 648,717,764,799,803 Cossack 666 Kronstadt 6,123-4,334-5, 698-9 Left sr 223,226,229,277,280 peasant 123,668,699 worker 325 Urals 2,18, us, 207,287,302,315,351, 353, 356,358,364,388,397,422,425, 430, 440,442, 445,450,466,479, 541, 549, 718 Central Urals 479 Uralsk И4,353 Urabky rabochy И5
INDEX Urquhart, John Leslie 775,890-1 United States of America 31,39-40,255, 29Յ, 313-14.429-31,438-9,451,473, 477,728,732,753,756 utopia(n) 314,430-1,692,728,73°, 739,778 Vainberg [Veinberg], Gavriil Davydovich 119,891 vanguard 103,165,208,217-18,227,229,235, 251,279,522,524,535-6,599,607,623, 627,629,635,759,779 'vanguard of a non-existent class’ 329, 524 Vardin [also Vardin-Mgeladze], Illarion 550 Vasilev, Antony Efimovich (References to Vasilev on the page numbers enclosed in brackets do not have a first initial. I am judging from the context that they seem to refer to A.E. Vasilev.) 146, [305], 354-5, [361,368,373,421,460], 463, 891-2 Vasilev, S.P. 311-12,581 Vasilevsky 577 Veprintsev, Nikolai Aleksandrovich 428, 892 verkhi і nizy see higher-ups and rank-andfile Vichinsky, Mikhail A. 10,663-4 Vladimir (city and/or gubernia) 113,388,714 Vladimirov [Mednichikhin], Mikhail Petro vich 28,111,119,134,145,303,305,313, 320-2,351,363-4,368-73,421,425, 428-9, 431, 436-7, 443,446-7,457-8, 462,465-6, 644, 892-3 emotional outburst 364 Volga 293 Vorobev, [Mikhail Aleksandrovich?] 421, 423, 427,431, 440,472, 479, 893 Voronin, V. 146,463 Voroshilov, Klim Efremovich 224,433,586, 766,893-4 Votkinsk 14 VSNKh see All-Russian Economic Council VTsIK see soviet(s), Central Executive Committee VTsSPS see All-Russian Central Trade Union Council Vyksa 353,464,479, 5И 943 wage rates 25, 33-9,51-2,105,130,135,144, 168,170,200,300,343-5,417,426,478, 762 agreement 12-13,20,33՜5,37,51՜2,55՜ 6, 58,105, 415, 451,456 commissions 417-18 committees 4 policy 34,37-8,81,132,135,168-9,174, 344, 398,445
wages 4,11,13,33-д, 43,46,51-2,97,105, 130,132,144, 266, 350,403-4 427, 434, 447,449,452,468, 470, 478,482, 485, 493, 524, 526, 531-Յ, 552, 642, 647, 673, 692,715, 746, 753, 755, 757-8, 764, 781, 811 piece work 13,34-6,38-9,132 see abo salaries War Communism see communism water-transport workers 22,101,133 Water-Transport Workers’ Union see Tsektran weapon (metaphor) 75,194,197,339, 529,611,630,652, 656,734,740,758, 769 Western Europe see Europe White armies, forces 6,14,17,41,112,225, 228,271,276, 279,487,518,543, би, 66ı, 663,704 white-collar employee(s) 4-5,30,33,132, 172, շս, 418,432,763 clerk 77,196,211,650,673 office worker 30,33,132,193,211 see also bureaucrat(s), engineer(s), spe cialises) women 6,51,238,245,326,337,379,470, 519,586,644 International Women’s Day 619 International Women’s Secretariat 570 women workers 6,220,337,449,514, 748, 757 Women’s Department of the cc of the Rcp(b) and cpsu (Zhenotdel) 49, 122,335-7,379,381,487 see abo Elizarova, Ezerskaia, Fischer, Goldstein, Kollontai, Krupskaia, stenographer(s), Shadurskaia, Trifonova, Ulianova, Zemliachka, Zetkin Woodworkers’ Union 153 worker aristocracy 757-8
944 INDEX yellow ticket 698 youth 51,237, 644,649,720,742,799, 810 see abo children, students workerisation 2,42,63, 69,124,127,136,160, 197,216,243,269,616 workerist 6,113,307, 644-5 worker-peasant alliance 656, 661 worker-peasant inspection see Com missariat of Workers’ and Peasants’ Inspection Worker-Peasant Socialist Party 112,307, 337-43. 388 see also Paniushkin workers (selected topics) control 12-13,96,210,422 oppositionism 668 unrest 14-15,114,120,122,124,158,219, 334,533, 660 workerisation 2,42, 63, 69,124,127,136, 160,197-8,216,243, 269-70,616 workerist (ouvriériste) 6,113,307,644-5 see also American, artel(s), artisan(s), class, craft(s), European, factory, foreign, French, German, industry, international, labour, profession(s), proletarian, union(s), unemployment, unskilled, white-collar employee(s), women, workers by trade and pro fession, Workers’ Group, Workers’ Opposition, Workers’ Truth Workers’ Group of the Russian Communist Party 8-9,331,392,643-6,693-4,700 see abo Miasnikov Workers’ Opposition (selected topics) cell 653 legal factionalism 112-37,180-6,206-75, 333-6 origins and development 11-29,67-72, 76,85,90-in, 147-54 overview 1-Ю resolutions 276-83 theses 137-47,160 see abo Kollontai, Kopylov, Kutuzov, Lenin, Medvedev, Milonov, Mitin, New Economic Policy, Paniushkin, Perepechko Rabochala oppozitsiia, Samara, Shliapnikov Workers’ Truth 9, 643-5,675,693-4 World War i 6,13-14, 65,292,331,678 World War π 646 wrecking see sabotage Zaburdaev, A 146,464 Zalutsky, Petr Antonovich 22,206,287,400, 440,586, 608,645,658,894-5 Zamoskvoretsky district
74,248,311-12,504 Zarzhevsky, G.P. 284-5 Zatonsky Vladimir Petrovich 224,766, 895 Zavialova 233 Zelensky, Isaak Abramovich 405,524,560, 577,585, 896 Zemliachka, Rozaliia 312,504 Zetkin, Clara 320,569,603-4,611-13, 61718,896 Zheltov, I.I. 354,479, 896-7 Zhenotdel see Communist Party (Russian or Soviet) Zhilin 319,460,462-3,483 Ziese, Max 670-2,674,897 Zimmerwald Left 545 Zinoviev [Radomyslsky], Grigory Evseevich [Ovsei-Gersh Aronovich] 22-7,64-9, 82, 84-5, 90-5,99-100,117-18,128-9, 157,167,171-5,188,201-5, 208, 2i6, 221, 234-5,257,266-8,275,308,331,334-5, 363,382,395,399-400,404-5,407-8, 433,483-6,488-90,498,550,555,557՜ 8,560,575,578֊9,588,644-6,650-1, 665,703,711-12,721,739,741-3,751,756, 761-3,768, 800,897 attacks on the Workers’ Opposition 4֊ 5, 85,9Յ-5, ИЗ, 172,244,251-5,262,271, 302 Comintern leader 48,267,318-20,484, 568,586,603-4,610, 612-14,616,61921 Leningrad Opposition 761-3 on the party’s role 16-17,19,23,66, 68֊ 9,72,90, 571,586,675-7,743 trade union commission 25-7,149-50 triumvir 642,646, 650 United Opposition 10, 651, 653,655-7, 659,763, 803,806,808,810 Znamenka 47 Zorin 508 Zubov, S.E. 283-4 •Mfteblbllot?«·* (IfeBCh·* |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| author2 | Allen, Barbara C. 1967- Allen, Barbara C. 1967- |
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| author_facet | Allen, Barbara C. 1967- Allen, Barbara C. 1967- |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1269497671 (DE-599)KXP177067828X |
| dewey-full | 331.0947 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 331 - Labor economics |
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| dewey-sort | 3331.0947 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| era | Geschichte 1919-1930 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1919-1930 |
| format | Book |
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Allen</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Leiden ; Boston</subfield><subfield code="b">Brill</subfield><subfield code="c">[2021]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">© 2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XVI, 944 Seiten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Historical materialism book series</subfield><subfield code="v">volume 236</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references and index</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"The Russian Workers' Opposition in 1919-21 advocated trade union management of the Soviet economy and worker dominance of the Russian Communist Party's leading bodies. The Workers' Opposition in the Russian Communist Party: Documents, 1919-30 comprises articles, speeches, theses, memoranda, protocols, resolutions, letters, diary entries, and other documents pertaining to the activity of the Workers' Opposition group during its existence and of its individual former members after the group dissolved and until its key members ceased their participation in dissenting political activities by 1930. Most of the documents in the collection have never before been published in English and many have not been published in Russian. 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| genre | (DE-588)4135952-5 Quelle gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Quelle |
| id | DE-604.BV047908360 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:30:39Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T05:35:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789004248502 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033290181 |
| oclc_num | 1269497671 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | XVI, 944 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220506 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Brill |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Historical materialism book series |
| series2 | Historical materialism book series |
| spelling | The workers' opposition in the Russian communist party documents, 1919-30 edited and translated by Barbara C. Allen Leiden ; Boston Brill [2021] © 2021 XVI, 944 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Historical materialism book series volume 236 Includes bibliographical references and index "The Russian Workers' Opposition in 1919-21 advocated trade union management of the Soviet economy and worker dominance of the Russian Communist Party's leading bodies. The Workers' Opposition in the Russian Communist Party: Documents, 1919-30 comprises articles, speeches, theses, memoranda, protocols, resolutions, letters, diary entries, and other documents pertaining to the activity of the Workers' Opposition group during its existence and of its individual former members after the group dissolved and until its key members ceased their participation in dissenting political activities by 1930. Most of the documents in the collection have never before been published in English and many have not been published in Russian. It will appeal to those who study Marxism, trade unions, and Soviet history." Vsesojuznaja Kommunističeskaja Partija (Bolʹševikov) (DE-588)2052151-0 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1919-1930 gnd rswk-swf Gewerkschaftspolitik (DE-588)4020889-8 gnd rswk-swf Labor unions / Soviet Union / History / 20th century Soviet Union / Politics and government / 1917-1936 Syndicats / URSS / Histoire / 20e siècle URSS / Politique et gouvernement / 1917-1936 Labor unions Politics and government Soviet Union Kommunistische Partei Gewerkschaftspolitik Arbeiterbewegung Wirtschaftspolitik Wirtschaftsplanung Wirtschaftsgeschichte Politische Geschichte Russland Sowjetunion 1900-1999 History (DE-588)4135952-5 Quelle gnd-content Vsesojuznaja Kommunističeskaja Partija (Bolʹševikov) (DE-588)2052151-0 b Gewerkschaftspolitik (DE-588)4020889-8 s Geschichte 1919-1930 z DE-604 Allen, Barbara C. 1967- (DE-588)1069850039 edt trl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-90-04-24851-9 Historical materialism book series volume 236 (DE-604)BV019343535 236 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033290181&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033290181&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033290181&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | The workers' opposition in the Russian communist party documents, 1919-30 Historical materialism book series Vsesojuznaja Kommunističeskaja Partija (Bolʹševikov) (DE-588)2052151-0 gnd Gewerkschaftspolitik (DE-588)4020889-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)2052151-0 (DE-588)4020889-8 (DE-588)4135952-5 |
| title | The workers' opposition in the Russian communist party documents, 1919-30 |
| title_auth | The workers' opposition in the Russian communist party documents, 1919-30 |
| title_exact_search | The workers' opposition in the Russian communist party documents, 1919-30 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The workers' opposition in the Russian communist party documents, 1919-30 |
| title_full | The workers' opposition in the Russian communist party documents, 1919-30 edited and translated by Barbara C. Allen |
| title_fullStr | The workers' opposition in the Russian communist party documents, 1919-30 edited and translated by Barbara C. Allen |
| title_full_unstemmed | The workers' opposition in the Russian communist party documents, 1919-30 edited and translated by Barbara C. Allen |
| title_short | The workers' opposition in the Russian communist party |
| title_sort | the workers opposition in the russian communist party documents 1919 30 |
| title_sub | documents, 1919-30 |
| topic | Vsesojuznaja Kommunističeskaja Partija (Bolʹševikov) (DE-588)2052151-0 gnd Gewerkschaftspolitik (DE-588)4020889-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Vsesojuznaja Kommunističeskaja Partija (Bolʹševikov) Gewerkschaftspolitik Quelle |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033290181&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033290181&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033290181&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV019343535 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT allenbarbarac theworkersoppositionintherussiancommunistpartydocuments191930 |