Romanians and Hungarians: historical premises
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| Beschreibung: | Original edition "Cugetarea"- P. Georgescu Delafras, 1940 |
| Beschreibung: | 143 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten (schwarz-weiß) |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Preface................................................................................... 9 Romanians and Hungarians Historical Premises................ 11 I. Hungarian Revisionism................................................... 12 II. Did Millennial Hungary Exist?.................................... 14 III. Can the Invocation of a Millennial Hungary Constitute an Argument for Revisionism?.......... 16 IV. The Origin, Character, and Penetration of the Hungarians into the Pannonian Plain Condition the Frontiers of Present-Day Hungary.................. 18 V. History, Character, and Privileged Structure of the Hungarian Apostolic Kingdom of the Middle Ages.... 22 VI. Geographical Discordances Created through the Penetration of the Hungarian Domination into the Neighboring Countries........... 29 VII. Geographical Unity of the Carpathian Region............ 31 VIII. Origin of the Romanian People: Prehistoric Civilization, Thracians and Dacians......................33 IX. The Roman-Dacian conflict............................................36 X. Thracian and Roman Succession..................................... 38 XI. The Romanization of the Dacians................................... 40
XII. Dacia in the Epoch of Migrations: The Slavs and the Formation of the Romanian People s Individuality..... 43 XIII. Primitive Slavic-Romanian Voivodates; the Beginnings of Some Autochthonous Political Organizations.46 ХГѴ. The Part Played in History by the Voivodates of Wallachia and Moldavia; Michael the Brave and the Rebuilding of the National Unity of the Carpathian Region.................................................................... 47 XV. The Romanian People and the Hungarian State in Face of the Unity of the Carpathian Regions; Ioan Corvin............................................................ 55 XVI. Penetration of Hungarian Domination into the Romanian Districts near the Tisa and in Transylvania.............................................. 60 XVII. Character and Aims of Hungarian Domination in those Regions.................................................... 62 XVIII. The Genesis of the Transylvanian Autonomous Principality; Unio Triům Nationum ; Dozsa s Rebellion, the Tripartite Code of Law, and the Mohács Disaster....................................... 70 XIX. Character of the Transylvanian Principality............... 78 XX. The Passing of Transylvania under the Domination of the Habsburgs; Tendencies and Aims of that Domination................................................. 90 XXL Internal Situations at the End of the Eighteenth Century, Joseph II, Horia s Revolution, and Supplex Libellus Valachorum ........................ 95 XXII. The Character of Romanian Patriotism and Hungarian Imperialism...................................... 107
XXIII. Conditions at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century.............................................................. ........ 109 ХХГѴ. Revolution of 1848, Consequences of Hungarian Egoism...............................................113 XXV. Hungarian Particularism Prevents the Reconstruction of Central Europe................. 118 XXVI. The Austro-Hungarian Dualism of 1867: Consequences of Forced Magyarization.................... 120 XXVII. Decomposition of the Dual Monarchy was Inevitable............................................................. 131 Maps.................................................. 133 Index...................................................................................... 139
Index A Abrud, 38 Adrianople, 81 Adriatic Sea, ЗО, 33 Aegean Sea, 33,34 Albac, 102 Alba-Iulia, 62,102 Almash, 19 Alpine, 21 America, 4,127,130 Amlaş, 49 Ancient World, 18 Andrassy, 121 Angevin, 28,68 Anglo-Saxon, 118 Apafi, Michael 1,93 Apostolic Kingdom, 14,22-24,29, 30,59,69,75,80,82,86,92 Argeș, 38 Arpad, 19,61 Arpads, 68 Asia Minor, 34 Athnamé, 86 Auersperg, 97,99 Augsburg, 21 Augustus, Octavian, 36 Aurelian, 43 Austria, 22,69,80,120 Austrian Empire, 91,104,107,115, 118,119,121,131 Austro-American, 130 Austro-Hungarian, 131 Avars, 22 В Bacica, 12 Baernreither, 131 Bakocz, Thomas, 75 Bălcescu, Nicolae, 116 Balkan Peninsula, 9,33,36, : 49,69,91,124 Ballin, Albert 130 Baltic Sea, 34 Ban of Severin, 57 Banat, 12,15,61,81,97,108 Basta, 51 Báthory, Andrew, 49 Báthory, Gabriel, 52 Báthory, Stephen, 76 Bavaria, 21,102 Bela IV, 66 Bethlen, Stephen, 12 Bihor, 61,116 Bismarck, 121,124 Bistrița, 51 Black Sea, 30 Blahi, 21 Blaj, 115 Bobâlna, 72 Bogdan of Maramureș, 68 Bohemia, 69 Bohemian, 21 Boian, A. 33 Boleslav, 24 Brașov, 52,54 Bucharest, 131 Buda, 14,15,81,85 Budapesti Hl, 121,123,125,
140 C. Sassu Bulgari, 21 Bulgarians, 19,46 Burebista, 35,36 Burgio, 71 Buteanu, 116 Buzău, 38 Byzantium, 24,57 C Caesar, 36 Caimacam, 85 Călugăreni, 49 Căpâlna, 72 Carol 1,109,129 Carpathians, ЗО, 31,33,34,38,45, 47,48,51,54,56,57,59,60,67, 109 Caucasus, 19 Celtic, 34 Cetatea de Baltă, 49 Chancellor Metternich, 104 Charlemagne, 17,24 Charles V, 14 Ciceiul, 49 Clary, Count, 97,99 Clemenceau, G., 129 Cloșca, 102 Cluj, 51, 72,104,105, 111, 129 Cojocna, 51 Conquistadores, 127 Constantinople, 43,80 Corvinus, Matthias, 49, 74 Crimea, 34 Crișan, 102 Croatia, 29,30 Croatians, 110, 111 Crusaders, 25 Crusades, 68 Csány, 115 Cumama, 67 Cumans, 67 Cunard, 130 Cyril, 46 Czernin, Ottokar, 133 D Dacia, 36,38,40-43,45,102,106 Dacians, 31,33,34-38,40,41,44, 45,47 Dalmatia, 29, ЗО Danube, 19,30,31,34,36-38,43, 45,48,52,54,55,57,59,67,68, 91 Deák, Francis, 121,125 Decebal, 35,36 Dej, 49 Deva, 102 Diet, 66,77,94,104,105, 111, 114, 115 Dionysos, 34 Dniester, 19,30,31,32,48 Dobra, 116 Domitian, 36 Don, 19 Dozsa, 71, 75,76 Dragoș, 116 Drava, 19 E Elbe, 22 Elizabeth, 121,123 Emperor Joseph. See Joseph II Eneolithic, 33 Etelkus, 19 Europe, 9,21,26,32-34,43,69,75, 80,81,86, 90,91,109,110,118, 119,123 Eutropius, 41 F Făgăraș, 49 Ferdinand I of Romania, 82 Ferdinand of Austria, 14, 80,109 Finno-Ugric languages, 19 First World War, 28,133 Fiume, 130 France, 16,21 Francis Ferdinand, 132,133
141 Romanians and Hungarians Francis Joseph, 105,118,121,124, 129 Frederick the Second, 95 French Revolution, 79 Fürstenberg, 131 G Germanism, 22 Germans, 23,66,110 Germany, 17,40,64 Getae, 34 Giurgiu, 49 Goths, 45 Great Britain, 17 Greek, 18,34 Greeks, 32,34 Gregory IX, Pope, 66 H Habordansky, 81 Habsburgs, 15,79,97,130,133 Henry 1,21 Holy See, 14,24 Homer, 34 Horia, See Ursu, Nicolae Hungarians, 1,11,18-23,61,66, 72,100,114-116,118,120-122, 129 Hungary, 10-12,14-16,18,21,24, 30,56,57,63,66,68,71,73,75, 80,81,109,110,115,127,130, 131 Huns, 19,22 Hunyadi, John, 56 I Iancu, Avram, 116 Illyricum, 41 Indo-European, 33 Ioan Corvin. See Hunyadi, John Italians, 44 Italy, 17,21,22,43 J Joseph II, 96, 97,101,104 К Karlowitz, 15 Kiev, 33 Kindergarten Act, 127 Kossuth, Louis, 16,110, 111, 114, 115,116,118,120,122,123,124 Kossuthism, 119 Kurutz, 76 L Lacy, Count, 100 Ladislas 1,62 Lasczky, Jeronim, 80 Latin language, 18,44,61,110 Layard, A., 120 Leon X, 75 Leopold 1,15 Leopold II, 104,105 Lepes, George, 71 Lithuania, 69 Lorenzo the Magnificent, 75 Louis П, 14,80 Lübeck, 120 Μ Macedonia, 9,33 Magyars, 19 Magyarization, 111, 121,123,127 Mănăștur, 72 Maramureș, ЗО, 76,108 Marca Ostica, 22 Maria Teresa, 97,99 Massaro, 71 Matthias. See Corvinus, Matthias. Maximilian, 82,123 Maximilian II, 82 Mediaș, 74 Medici, Giovani, 75 Mediterranean Sea, ЗО, 32,34 Mehmed II, 57
142 C. Sassu Memorandum, 105 Merseburg, 21 Methodius, 46 Michael the Brave, 48,49,51,52, 54,55,57,87 Micu, Ioan Inocențiu, 105 Middle Ages, 20,22,69, 70,82,83 Mihnea, Radu, 52 Mohács, 14,69, 71,75, 79,80 Moldavia, 48,51,52,54,55,57,6770, 76,88,96,99,108 Mongolians, 64,67 Moravia, 19,34 Motru, 38 Mureș, 38,62 N Naples, 69 Napoleon, 104 О Olműtz, 118 Olt, 38,49, 62 Oradea, 76,85 Orăștie, 37 Otto 1,21,22 Otto III, 24 Ottoman Empire, 15,49,69,70, 85,91 P Paleolithic Era, 33 Pannonia, 15,19-21,23,30,33,61, 63, 73,81, 91,127 Papacy, 24,26 Paribeni, Roberto, 40 pashalik, 14,80,81 Paton, A.A., 120 Pechenegs, 19,67 Persian, 35 Poland, 24,69,76 Poles, 52 Populus Verböczyanus, 79 Porolissum, 42 Porta Hungarica, 21 Porte, 15,81, 85,86,91 Prussia, 17,95,121,124 Prut, 19 R Rákóczi, Francis, 16,94 Rákóczi, Francis П, 16 Rákóczi, George II, 85 Rareș, Petru, 51 Rațiu, Ioan, 129 Red Indians, 127 Rodna, 51 Rodolphe, 123 Roman Empire, 18, 23,24,34,3638,40-45,106 Romania, 10,34,38,116,127,129, 131 Romanian Principalities, 108 Romanians, 1,11,44,45,47,51, 65,66,68,72,76,86,88,89,96, 97,100,105-107,109-111, ИЗ116, 118,127,131 Romanity, 41,44 Romanization, 40,41,45 Romans, 32,36,45,47,115 Rome, 23,24,40,93 Roth, Stephan Ludwig, 111 Russia, 19 Russians, 91,114,119,123 Ruthenians, 110 s Șaguna, Andrei 118,125 Săliștea, 49 Sarajevo, 133 Sarmizegetusa, 37 Sătmar, 116 Saxons, 64-66,72,87,88,100, 111, 115,125 Saxony, 21 Schmerling, 120 Schwarzenberg, 120 ^Sclavi, 21 Șerban, Radu, 52
143 Romanians and Hungarians Sever, Axente, 116 Sibiu, 49, 51 Sigismund of Luxemburg, 71 Slavs, 22,23,39,43-45 Slovaks, 110 Solnoc Dobâca, 51 Someș, 38,62 Spain, 17 Spaniards, 44 Stephen I, Saint 14,18,23,24,27, 60-62,114 Stephen the Great, 49,57 Suleiman 1,14,80,81 Suleiman II, 14 Swabia, 21 Sweden, 17 Sylvester II, Pope, 14,23 Szécheny, Stephen, 30,114 Szeklers, 57, 64-66,72,87 T Țara Bârsei, 33,62 Târnava Mică, 62 Târnava Mare, 49 Tartars, 19,48,65-67 Teutonic Order, 62 Thracians, 33,34,38,44 Timișoara, 57,76,81,85 Tisa, 19,30,31,34,38,60,61,6366,91,99,108,111 Tisza, Coloman, 127 Tisza, Stephen, 130 Trajan, 36,37,39-41 Transylvania, 12,14,15,29-31,37, 38,42,49,51,52,54-57,59-62, 64,65,71-76,79,82,84-86,88, 90-93,96,97,99,100,102,104, 105,108, 111, 114,115,120,125, 129 Trianon, 21 Trieste, 130 Turda, 102,129 Turks, 14,16,51,57,69,74,75,80, 81,86,91,102 u Ulpia Trajana Augusta, 41 Ungurașul, 51 Unio Triům Natronum, 71,73 United States, 4,130 Ural Mountains, 19 Ursu, Nicolae, 96,102 V Vad, 51 Venice, 69 Verböczy, Stephen, 76,78,79,81, 84,96 Vienna, 15,21,51,80,91-93,97, 100,129,131 Vințul-de-Jos, 51 Vistula, 32,34 Vladislav, 49 Voicu, 56 Volga, 19 Vurpărul, 51 W Wallachia, 33,48,49,51,52,54,55, 57,67,69,70,88,96,100,108 Wallachians, 48,49,66,115 Wesselényi, 90,114 World War I,15,91,109,123,131 z Zalmoxis, 35 Zápolya, John, 14,15,51,76,79-82 Zápolya, John Sigismund, 82 Zarand, 116
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Contents Preface. 9 Romanians and Hungarians Historical Premises. 11 I. Hungarian Revisionism. 12 II. Did "Millennial Hungary" Exist?. 14 III. Can the Invocation of a "Millennial Hungary" Constitute an Argument for Revisionism?. 16 IV. The Origin, Character, and Penetration of the Hungarians into the Pannonian Plain Condition the Frontiers of Present-Day Hungary. 18 V. History, Character, and Privileged Structure of the Hungarian Apostolic Kingdom of the Middle Ages. 22 VI. Geographical Discordances Created through the Penetration of the Hungarian Domination into the Neighboring Countries. 29 VII. Geographical Unity of the Carpathian Region. 31 VIII. Origin of the Romanian People: Prehistoric Civilization, Thracians and Dacians.33 IX. The Roman-Dacian conflict.36 X. Thracian and Roman Succession. 38 XI. The Romanization of the Dacians. 40
XII. Dacia in the Epoch of Migrations: The Slavs and the Formation of the Romanian People's Individuality. 43 XIII. Primitive Slavic-Romanian Voivodates; the Beginnings of Some Autochthonous Political Organizations.46 ХГѴ. The Part Played in History by the Voivodates of Wallachia and Moldavia; Michael the Brave and the Rebuilding of the National Unity of the Carpathian Region. 47 XV. The Romanian People and the Hungarian State in Face of the Unity of the Carpathian Regions; Ioan Corvin. 55 XVI. Penetration of Hungarian Domination into the Romanian Districts near the Tisa and in Transylvania. 60 XVII. Character and Aims of Hungarian Domination in those Regions. 62 XVIII. The Genesis of the Transylvanian Autonomous Principality; "Unio Triům Nationum"; Dozsa's Rebellion, the Tripartite Code of Law, and the Mohács Disaster. 70 XIX. Character of the Transylvanian Principality. 78 XX. The Passing of Transylvania under the Domination of the Habsburgs; Tendencies and Aims of that Domination. 90 XXL Internal Situations at the End of the Eighteenth Century, Joseph II, Horia's Revolution, and "Supplex Libellus Valachorum". 95 XXII. The Character of Romanian Patriotism and Hungarian Imperialism. 107
XXIII. Conditions at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century. . 109 ХХГѴ. Revolution of 1848, Consequences of Hungarian Egoism.113 XXV. Hungarian Particularism Prevents the Reconstruction of Central Europe. 118 XXVI. The Austro-Hungarian Dualism of 1867: Consequences of Forced Magyarization. 120 XXVII. Decomposition of the Dual Monarchy was Inevitable. 131 Maps. 133 Index. 139
Index A Abrud, 38 Adrianople, 81 Adriatic Sea, ЗО, 33 Aegean Sea, 33,34 Albac, 102 Alba-Iulia, 62,102 Almash, 19 Alpine, 21 America, 4,127,130 Amlaş, 49 Ancient World, 18 Andrassy, 121 Angevin, 28,68 Anglo-Saxon, 118 Apafi, Michael 1,93 Apostolic Kingdom, 14,22-24,29, 30,59,69,75,80,82,86,92 Argeș, 38 Arpad, 19,61 Arpads, 68 Asia Minor, 34 Athnamé, 86 Auersperg, 97,99 Augsburg, 21 Augustus, Octavian, 36 Aurelian, 43 Austria, 22,69,80,120 Austrian Empire, 91,104,107,115, 118,119,121,131 Austro-American, 130 Austro-Hungarian, 131 Avars, 22 В Bacica, 12 Baernreither, 131 Bakocz, Thomas, 75 Bălcescu, Nicolae, 116 Balkan Peninsula, 9,33,36, : 49,69,91,124 Ballin, Albert 130 Baltic Sea, 34 Ban of Severin, 57 Banat, 12,15,61,81,97,108 Basta, 51 Báthory, Andrew, 49 Báthory, Gabriel, 52 Báthory, Stephen, 76 Bavaria, 21,102 Bela IV, 66 Bethlen, Stephen, 12 Bihor, 61,116 Bismarck, 121,124 Bistrița, 51 Black Sea, 30 Blahi, 21 Blaj, 115 Bobâlna, 72 Bogdan of Maramureș, 68 Bohemia, 69 Bohemian, 21 Boian, A. 33 Boleslav, 24 Brașov, 52,54 Bucharest, 131 Buda, 14,15,81,85 Budapesti Hl, 121,123,125,
140 C. Sassu Bulgari, 21 Bulgarians, 19,46 Burebista, 35,36 Burgio, 71 Buteanu, 116 Buzău, 38 Byzantium, 24,57 C Caesar, 36 Caimacam, 85 Călugăreni, 49 Căpâlna, 72 Carol 1,109,129 Carpathians, ЗО, 31,33,34,38,45, 47,48,51,54,56,57,59,60,67, 109 Caucasus, 19 Celtic, 34 Cetatea de Baltă, 49 Chancellor Metternich, 104 Charlemagne, 17,24 Charles V, 14 Ciceiul, 49 Clary, Count, 97,99 Clemenceau, G., 129 Cloșca, 102 Cluj, 51, 72,104,105, 111, 129 Cojocna, 51 Conquistadores, 127 Constantinople, 43,80 Corvinus, Matthias, 49, 74 Crimea, 34 Crișan, 102 Croatia, 29,30 Croatians, 110, 111 Crusaders, 25 Crusades, 68 Csány, 115 Cumama, 67 Cumans, 67 Cunard, 130 Cyril, 46 Czernin, Ottokar, 133 D Dacia, 36,38,40-43,45,102,106 Dacians, 31,33,34-38,40,41,44, 45,47 Dalmatia, 29, ЗО Danube, 19,30,31,34,36-38,43, 45,48,52,54,55,57,59,67,68, 91 Deák, Francis, 121,125 Decebal, 35,36 Dej, 49 Deva, 102 Diet, 66,77,94,104,105, 111, 114, 115 Dionysos, 34 Dniester, 19,30,31,32,48 Dobra, 116 Domitian, 36 Don, 19 Dozsa, 71, 75,76 Dragoș, 116 Drava, 19 E Elbe, 22 Elizabeth, 121,123 Emperor Joseph. See Joseph II Eneolithic, 33 Etelkus, 19 Europe, 9,21,26,32-34,43,69,75, 80,81,86, 90,91,109,110,118, 119,123 Eutropius, 41 F Făgăraș, 49 Ferdinand I of Romania, 82 Ferdinand of Austria, 14, 80,109 Finno-Ugric languages, 19 First World War, 28,133 Fiume, 130 France, 16,21 Francis Ferdinand, 132,133
141 Romanians and Hungarians Francis Joseph, 105,118,121,124, 129 Frederick the Second, 95 French Revolution, 79 Fürstenberg, 131 G Germanism, 22 Germans, 23,66,110 Germany, 17,40,64 Getae, 34 Giurgiu, 49 Goths, 45 Great Britain, 17 Greek, 18,34 Greeks, 32,34 Gregory IX, Pope, 66 H Habordansky, 81 Habsburgs, 15,79,97,130,133 Henry 1,21 Holy See, 14,24 Homer, 34 Horia, See Ursu, Nicolae Hungarians, 1,11,18-23,61,66, 72,100,114-116,118,120-122, 129 Hungary, 10-12,14-16,18,21,24, 30,56,57,63,66,68,71,73,75, 80,81,109,110,115,127,130, 131 Huns, 19,22 Hunyadi, John, 56 I Iancu, Avram, 116 Illyricum, 41 Indo-European, 33 Ioan Corvin. See Hunyadi, John Italians, 44 Italy, 17,21,22,43 J Joseph II, 96, 97,101,104 К Karlowitz, 15 Kiev, 33 Kindergarten Act, 127 Kossuth, Louis, 16,110, 111, 114, 115,116,118,120,122,123,124 Kossuthism, 119 Kurutz, 76 L Lacy, Count, 100 Ladislas 1,62 Lasczky, Jeronim, 80 Latin language, 18,44,61,110 Layard, A., 120 Leon X, 75 Leopold 1,15 Leopold II, 104,105 Lepes, George, 71 Lithuania, 69 Lorenzo the Magnificent, 75 Louis П, 14,80 Lübeck, 120 Μ Macedonia, 9,33 Magyars, 19 Magyarization, 111, 121,123,127 Mănăștur, 72 Maramureș, ЗО, 76,108 Marca Ostica, 22 Maria Teresa, 97,99 Massaro, 71 Matthias. See Corvinus, Matthias. Maximilian, 82,123 Maximilian II, 82 Mediaș, 74 Medici, Giovani, 75 Mediterranean Sea, ЗО, 32,34 Mehmed II, 57
142 C. Sassu Memorandum, 105 Merseburg, 21 Methodius, 46 Michael the Brave, 48,49,51,52, 54,55,57,87 Micu, Ioan Inocențiu, 105 Middle Ages, 20,22,69, 70,82,83 Mihnea, Radu, 52 Mohács, 14,69, 71,75, 79,80 Moldavia, 48,51,52,54,55,57,6770, 76,88,96,99,108 Mongolians, 64,67 Moravia, 19,34 Motru, 38 Mureș, 38,62 N Naples, 69 Napoleon, 104 О Olműtz, 118 Olt, 38,49, 62 Oradea, 76,85 Orăștie, 37 Otto 1,21,22 Otto III, 24 Ottoman Empire, 15,49,69,70, 85,91 P Paleolithic Era, 33 Pannonia, 15,19-21,23,30,33,61, 63, 73,81, 91,127 Papacy, 24,26 Paribeni, Roberto, 40 pashalik, 14,80,81 Paton, A.A., 120 Pechenegs, 19,67 Persian, 35 Poland, 24,69,76 Poles, 52 Populus Verböczyanus, 79 Porolissum, 42 Porta Hungarica, 21 Porte, 15,81, 85,86,91 Prussia, 17,95,121,124 Prut, 19 R Rákóczi, Francis, 16,94 Rákóczi, Francis П, 16 Rákóczi, George II, 85 Rareș, Petru, 51 Rațiu, Ioan, 129 Red Indians, 127 Rodna, 51 Rodolphe, 123 Roman Empire, 18, 23,24,34,3638,40-45,106 Romania, 10,34,38,116,127,129, 131 Romanian Principalities, 108 Romanians, 1,11,44,45,47,51, 65,66,68,72,76,86,88,89,96, 97,100,105-107,109-111, ИЗ116, 118,127,131 Romanity, 41,44 Romanization, 40,41,45 Romans, 32,36,45,47,115 Rome, 23,24,40,93 Roth, Stephan Ludwig, 111 Russia, 19 Russians, 91,114,119,123 Ruthenians, 110 s Șaguna, Andrei 118,125 Săliștea, 49 Sarajevo, 133 Sarmizegetusa, 37 Sătmar, 116 Saxons, 64-66,72,87,88,100, 111, 115,125 Saxony, 21 Schmerling, 120 Schwarzenberg, 120 ^Sclavi, 21 Șerban, Radu, 52
143 Romanians and Hungarians Sever, Axente, 116 Sibiu, 49, 51 Sigismund of Luxemburg, 71 Slavs, 22,23,39,43-45 Slovaks, 110 Solnoc Dobâca, 51 Someș, 38,62 Spain, 17 Spaniards, 44 Stephen I, Saint 14,18,23,24,27, 60-62,114 Stephen the Great, 49,57 Suleiman 1,14,80,81 Suleiman II, 14 Swabia, 21 Sweden, 17 Sylvester II, Pope, 14,23 Szécheny, Stephen, 30,114 Szeklers, 57, 64-66,72,87 T Țara Bârsei, 33,62 Târnava Mică, 62 Târnava Mare, 49 Tartars, 19,48,65-67 Teutonic Order, 62 Thracians, 33,34,38,44 Timișoara, 57,76,81,85 Tisa, 19,30,31,34,38,60,61,6366,91,99,108,111 Tisza, Coloman, 127 Tisza, Stephen, 130 Trajan, 36,37,39-41 Transylvania, 12,14,15,29-31,37, 38,42,49,51,52,54-57,59-62, 64,65,71-76,79,82,84-86,88, 90-93,96,97,99,100,102,104, 105,108, 111, 114,115,120,125, 129 Trianon, 21 Trieste, 130 Turda, 102,129 Turks, 14,16,51,57,69,74,75,80, 81,86,91,102 u Ulpia Trajana Augusta, 41 Ungurașul, 51 Unio Triům Natronum, 71,73 United States, 4,130 Ural Mountains, 19 Ursu, Nicolae, 96,102 V Vad, 51 Venice, 69 Verböczy, Stephen, 76,78,79,81, 84,96 Vienna, 15,21,51,80,91-93,97, 100,129,131 Vințul-de-Jos, 51 Vistula, 32,34 Vladislav, 49 Voicu, 56 Volga, 19 Vurpărul, 51 W Wallachia, 33,48,49,51,52,54,55, 57,67,69,70,88,96,100,108 Wallachians, 48,49,66,115 Wesselényi, 90,114 World War I,15,91,109,123,131 z Zalmoxis, 35 Zápolya, John, 14,15,51,76,79-82 Zápolya, John Sigismund, 82 Zarand, 116 |
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