The war of nerves: inside the Cold War mind
"More than any other conflict, the Cold War was fought on the battlefield of the human mind. Nearly thirty years since the collapse of the Soviet Union, its legacy still endures: not only in our politics, but in our own thoughts and fears. Drawing on a vast array of untapped archives and unseen...
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Profile Books
2021
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "More than any other conflict, the Cold War was fought on the battlefield of the human mind. Nearly thirty years since the collapse of the Soviet Union, its legacy still endures: not only in our politics, but in our own thoughts and fears. Drawing on a vast array of untapped archives and unseen sources, Martin Sixsmith vividly recreates the tensions and paranoia of the Cold War, framing it for the first time from a psychological perspective. Revisiting towering personalities like Khrushchev, Kennedy and Nixon, as well as the lives of the unknown millions who were caught up in the conflict, this is a gripping account of fear itself - one which is more resonant than ever today"--Publisher's description |
| Beschreibung: | Welcome collection |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 577 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9781781259122 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Preface 1. Individual or Collective - Two National Psyches 2. Two Nations; Two Missions 3. Kissing Stalin s Bum 4. Yalta and the Psychology of Betrayal 5. Potsdam and Paranoia 6. Stalin the Neurotic 7. The Long Telegrams 8. Threats and Mind Readers 9. War by Inadvertence 10. Trouble among Socialist Friends 11. Stalin’s Ghost - Memory, Fear and the Monster from the Grave 12. A Psychological Vacuum 13. The Secret Speech and the Psychology of the Crowd 14. Psychological Warfare 15. McCarthyism and Witch-Hunts 16. Brainwashing 17. Sputnik and the Psychology of Fear 18. The Kitchen: Competing Utopias 19. Bricks in the Wall 20. The Space Race 21. Brinkmanship 22. Duck and Cover 23. Disinformation 24. Double Agents, Double Dealing, Doublethink 25. Inventing the Enemy in Books and Film ix i 7 13 26 44 56 66 86 102 118 135 147 161 171 186 201 216 232 248 266 288 307 332 351 369
շ 6. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Art, Posters and Jokes Music Religion Falling Dominoes They Took Away Your Mind ֊ Control through Silence The Psychology of the Front Line The Madman and Détente Reagan’s Epiphany The Wall Torn Down The Evil Empire is No More The Misuses of Memory Notes and Selected Bibliography Illustration Credits Index 387 403 422 436 450 466 482 495 515 526 540 555 556 558
INDEX Page references in italics indicate images. A Able Archer, NATO Operation 498-9 Abramov, Anatoly 222 accountability, individual 148, 466-81 Acheson, Dean 95, 96,128,176,338 Acuii, Roy: Advice to Joe 406 Adelman, Kenneth 502 Adorno, Theodor: The Authoritarian Personality 167,168-9; ‘Freudian Theory and the Pattern of Fascist Propaganda’ 167-8 Afghanistan 549; Soviet invasion and occupation of (1979-89) Յ42, 420, 494 African Americans 205,334,346 AIDS 322,333,345,346-7,347η Aksyonov, Vasily 416 Albania 130-1 Aleksandrov, Grigori 382,383 Alexander I, Tsar of Russia 232-3 Alexander III, Tsar of Russia 118 Allen, Philip 319-20 Allen, Richard 495 Al-Qaeda 549 Altunin, General Alexander 318 American Army Pictorial Center 340 American Exhibition, Moscow (July 1959) 236-47,238 American Psychiatric Association 209; Diagnosticând Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-Щ 441; ‘Psychosocial Impact of Nuclear Advances’ (1982) 500 Ames, Aldrich 355 Anders, Günther 321; Burning Conscience 470-1, 472 Andropov, Yuri 477, 497 An Open Letter to the Party: Marxism Against Stalinism’ (Kuroń/Modzelewski) 442-Յ Antonov-Ovseyenko, Anton 59-60, 61 Antonov-Ovseyenko, Vladimir 59-60 Apollo programme 274-5, 280-1, 286-7 Aragon, Louis 387 Arbatov, Georgy 11-12,236,485-6,494, 551—2tt Árbenz, Jacobo 337-8 Arkhipov, Vasily 475, 476 Armia Krajowa (AK) 46-7 arms race/military spending xii, 84-5,169, 244, 290, 291,312,319, 398, 409, 432, 484, 496-502, 509, 512,515, 530-1,553 art. See individual art, artist and artwork name Atamanenko, Igor 126 Atomic Energy Commission 98,466 Atomic Weapons
Research Establishment, Aldermaston, march to (1958) 325 Attlee, Clement 52,77, 94,95 authoritarian personality 167-9 В Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan 267, 269 Baker, James 525,533 Ball, George 448-9 Barbie, Klaus 367 Barker, W 248-9 Barnes, Trevor 131 Barrett, Edward 375 Bassis, Henri 387 Bauman, Zygmunt 212-13 Bay of Pigs (1961) 255, 256, 269-70, 269-70n, 439 BBC xii, xiii, 126,131,145, i66n, 308,322-4, 325, 360-1, 414, 447,465, 48m, 505,538, 547Ո,552Ո Beaverbrook, Lord 22-3,359 Becker, Howard 197 Becker, Jurek 457 Behaviorism 207-8
Index behavioural psychology x, 373 Bekhterev, Vladimir 63 Belarus xi, 529 belief perseverance 150 Belkin, Aron 532 Belyayev, Pavel 285 Bentham, Jeremy 459 Berezhkov Valentin 20-1, 56 Beria, Levrenti 136,138,139,151,162-3,162η Berkner, Dr Lloyd 230 Berle, Adolf 338 Berlin 15, X04; airlift m, 114-17,250; Battle of (1945) 33, 92, 233; Berlin Wall see Berlin Wall; blockade (1948-9) 105,109-12,116, 121; British Foreign Office report, ‘Survey of Present Situation in Germany (24 April 1946) outlines post-war situation in 106-7; Cuban missile crisis and 299-300; culture, divided Berlin as subject for 264; Deutsche Mark introduced in 109; Khrushchev and 250-1,252-4, 256,257, 257η, 258, 259-ćo, շ6ւ, 292, 299-300; Ostmark introduced in 109; propaganda battle over 112-17,112; Second World War and 15,33, 44, 51, 92,106-7, 233; stand-off/ Soviet and American tanks come face to face in (1961) 261-2,262, 288-9; War of Nerves begins in 104-5,106-7,108, 109-10 Berlin, Irving: ‘The Freedom Train 186, i86n Berlin, Isaiah 428 Berlin Wall 250, 253-4, 257-65,259,260,26}, 461-2; brain hemispheres and 264-5, 264-5Ո; Checkpoint Charlie 260-1, 263-4; fall of 515,524-5,537,545; construction of, Operation Rose 258-9,259, 260-1, 420, 439; ‘Mauer im Kopf (‘wall in the mind ) 263; Mauerkrankheit or wall disease 262-3; psychology of 262-5 ‘Bert the Turtle (song) 307,308,308,310 Bessmertnykh, Alexander 512 Bevin, Ernest 77-8, 80,107-8,128 B-59 (Soviet Foxtrot-class nuclear submarine) 475-6 Biermann, Wolf 460 Bion, Wilfred 314, 317 Birt, Raymond: ‘Personality and Foreign Policy: The Case of Stalin’ 64-5
Biscuit (small plastic receptacle containing a set of nuclear codes) 467, 467η Bishop, Tony 503-4 559 Bittman, Ladislav 335-7,339 Blair, Bruce 467 Blake, George 362,365 Blunt, Anthony 363 Bochmann, Major Peter 263-4 Boghardt, Thomas 347,347η Bohlen, Charles E. 49,50, 66 Bolshakov Georgi 261 Bolsheviks 6,7,10,16,19,33, 48, 50,59, 78, 109, no, 137,163,166,169,191,192, 266,356, 370,382,397, 405,425,426, 492-3,509,518 Bonaparte, Napoleon 62-3, 232, 404, 414 Bondy, Curt Werner 417, 418 Borchardt, Karl-Heinz 465 Borman, Frank 280-1, 287 Boston Symphony Orchestra 374 Bowden, Herbert 323 Boyce, Christopher 360 Boyer, Dominic 545-6 Boym, Svedana 550-1 brain hemispheres 264-5,264-5Ո brainwashing 201-15 Brandt, Ernst-Michael 265 Brandt, Willy 486-7 Braun, Wernher von 229 Brecht, Bertolt: The Measures Taken 366-7 Brexit 451 Brezhnev, Leonid xii, 44, 238,238, 242η, 394, 4X6, 443, 446, 448, 478, 479, 485, 4*8, 493֊4, 496, 502, 506-7, 516-18, 534, 547 Brimelow, T. 248-9 brinkmanship in, 250, 288-306 British Communist Party 330, 363 British Medical Association (BMA): The Medical Effects of Nuclear War 329-30 Brodie, Bernard 289,378 Brodkey, Harold 195 Bronfenbrenner, Urie 296 Brooke, Sir Alan 93 Brown, Archie 503 Brubeck, Dave 421 Brzeziński, Zbigniew 477-8 B-29 bomber in, 129, 466 Budraitskis, Ilya 9 buffer states 98,100,121 Bukovsky, Vladimir 518 Bulganin, Nikolai 151,169,184, 221 Bulgaria 28, 95,100,130-1, 272, 443, 446, 446η Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 289, 324 Bullock, Alan 60; Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives 62-3 Bundy, McGeorge 298,500
560 The War of Nerves Burgess, Guy 35,360-1, 362, 363 Bush, George H. W 496, 522-3, 524-5, 526, 533-4, 535, 537, 542֊3 Buder, Rab 249 Byrnes, James 67, 74, 80,105; Speech of Hope՛ 105,172-3 C Cadogan, Alexander 15-16, 24, 41,362,363, 3634 Cairncross, John 363 Cambodia 494 Cambridge spies 35, 360-3 Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) 325-6,329-30 Camus, Albert 376-7; The Plague 377 Cancellation, Operation 156 Candy Bombers or Raisin Bombers 116 Caputo, Philip 438-9,440 Carey, George 365 Carroll, Jim 328 Carter, Jimmy 467η, 478,495 cartoons, political 393-8,395 Castle Bravo nuclear test, Bikini Atoll (1954), US 319-20 Castro, Fidel 269η, 270, 297,298,305, зоб, 307 catastrophisation 437 Catholic Church 195,431, 432 CBS 225,261,346 C-Company: The Battle Hymn of Lt. Calley’ 407 Central Intelligence Group, US 171 Chaadayey Pyotr 5,168 Chamberlain, Neville 18 Chambers, J. M. 314 Charney, David L. 356, 359 Chechnya 538, 549 Cheget (nuclear briefcase-based command and control system) 467 Chernenko, Konstantin 505 Chernyaev, Anatoly 512, 521, 523, 524, 526, 530 Cheyenne Mountain Complex, Colorado, US 477-8 Chicago Boys 535-6 China 125, 2Г0П, 474, 487, 553; brainwashing and 202-6; Brezhnev and 488; Chou En-Lai visits Moscow (1952) 132; Kissinger in (1971) 488; Korean War and 128, 202-6; Nixon visits (1972) 488-9; People s Republic of China, establishment of (1 October 1949) 125,189-90; Stalin and 125-7,128,131-3, 488 Chou En-Lai Г32, 488 Christian Conscience and Weapons of Mass Destruction, The (1950) (commission of the Federal Council of Churches) 431-2 Christopher, Warren 537
Chukovsky, Kornei: Tarakanishche’ (‘The Giant Cockroach ) 144-5 Churchill, Winston 81; atomic bomb, creation of and 51,52-3, 93; bipolar disorder 22-3; Bolsheviks, hatred of 18-19; Clark Kerr s sketch of 27,27; disinformation and 106; Eisenhower and 155, 369-70; Fulton speech (‘The Sinews of Peace’) (1946) 48η, 82, 96-8, 428, 516, 541-2, 543, У4з; Hess affair and 16, 46; iron curtain’ term and 48, 48η; Khrushchev and 369-70; general election (1945) and 51, 52, 95, 96; mental fragility, alcohol abuse and medication, background of 22-3, 26-7; Moscow visit (1942) 18-25, -22, 26, 34; Moscow visit (1944) 28-9,34, 52; On the Beach, reaction to 369-70; Operation Unthinkable and 92-4; Potsdam Conference (1945) and 16, 51-3; Roosevelt and 19, 28, 29,30,34-9,36,50; schema thinking and 93-4; Stalin and 16-17,18-25, 22, 26, 27-32,34-6,36,37,38, 39,39, 40, 40Ո, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47-8, 50, 51, 52, 56, 65, 92, 93-4,134; Teheran Conference (1943) and 26-7, 28,29-32,56; Truman and 47-8,51, 74, 92, 96, 97; Wolff meeting and 43; Yalta Conference (1945) and 16-17, 21η, 25, 33-42, j6, 40Ո, 43, 48,50, 92, 94 CIA 8, 43f 494, 496, 544, 552; American expressionism and 391-2; Bay of Pigs and 256, 270; Berlin Wall and 262; black budget 375; brainwashing and 211-15; Congress for Cultural Freedom and 373; culture/arts and371-6,390, 391-2; Doctor Zhivago and 371-3; Doolittle Report ( Report on the Covert Activities of the Central Intelligence Agency’) 178-9,333; double agents and 354,355-6,357,358, 360,361; germ weapons development 346; Guatemala and 337-8; Hungarian Uprising and 181-4,185; independent
thinkers in 131; Khrushchev, psychological profile of 252, 255, 257, 299, 302; Khrushchev visit to US (1959) and 126; ‘kitchen debate’ and 238-40; Korean War and 130-1; Latin America, disinformation in 337-8, 339, 342,345, 346, 347; origins
Sói Index of iţi; Project Jigsaw and 131; Project МК-ULTRA mind control programme 213-15; Psychological Operations (PSYOP) 172,174,178-9,181-5, 213-15,339-41, 498; Psychological Strategy Board (PSB) 152, 153,156, 172, 428-9; Radio Free Europe (RFE) and 181-4,185; Reagan’s Soviet jokes and 398-9, 400; rock and roll and 417; Soviet atomic bomb programme and 128-9; space race and 221, 227-8; Stalin’s death and 152-3; Vietnam War and 442 Cichocka, Aleksandra 346 civil defence 307-31,308,309,316,320,321 civil rights movement 334, 408 Clapper, James 552 Clark, Tom 186,187-8 Clarke, Arthur C. 219 classical music 410-15,412. See aho individual artist and recording name Clawson, Ken 490-1 Clay, General Lucius 106,108-9, 260-1 Clement, Peter 399 Cliburn, Lavan ‘Van’ 413-14 Clinton, Bill 467η, 538, 538n, 541, 544 code languages 464 Cognitive Perspectives on Foreign Policy’ (Tetlock/McGuire) 303 Colby, William 214 Cold War (1946-91): defining political concept of the time, established as 177; origins of 13-55; term ix-xn. War of Nerves, origins of 104-5,106, no. See also individual event, leader and nation name collapse thesis 210 Comecon (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) 100,181 Cominform 122 Communist Party of the United States 189, 383-4 conceptual conservatism 150,151 confirmation bias x, 66, 72, 80,128, 250, 303 Congress for Cultural Freedom 373 Congress of People’s Deputies 521 Congress of Russian Neurologists and Psychologists 63 containment (US policy of limiting and countering Soviet threat) 70-1, 82, 83-5, 86,154,171, 178, 296, 550 Council on Foreign Relations 230
Council of Foreign Ministers 108,116 Counter Subversion Committee, UK 328 Cradock, Sir Percy 353, 367 Crimea, Russian annexation of (2014) 146, 345, 55° crowds, psychology of 167-9 Crutchfield, Richard 292 Cuba: Bay of Pigs (1961) 255, 256, 269-70, 269-70Ո, 439; Cuban missile crisis (1962) 201,289-306,307,356, 409, 475,478 Cultural and Scientific Congress for World Peace (1949) 411-13,412 cultural exchanges, East-West 235-47,238 Czechoslovak Communist Party 443,445, 449 D Daix, Pierre 387 Dalton, Hugh 18 dancing 216, 418-20 Danilevich, General Andrian 479 Danube, Operation 444-6,445,446, 448 Davies, John Paton 125 DDD (debility, dependency and dread), conditions of 206-7, 460 Decembrists 233, 414 DEFA (GDR state movie studio) 385,386 DEFCON 2 298, 476 Defense Department, US 205, 209, 290; Psychological Operations Divisions (PSYOP) 339-41, 498 Defense Personnel Security Research Center (PERSEREC) 354-5 de Gaulle, General 252, 253, 259 democratic centralism 2 Democratic Party, US 218, 288, 482 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) (North Korea) 127, 202 détente 154,155,157-8,169, 246, 250, 487, 493-4, 495 Deutsche Mark 109 Diddley, Bo: ‘Mr. Khrushchev’ 406 Diesing, Paul 295 disinformation 54, 69,106, 332-50,333,340 ‘disruptive-stress hypothesis 303 Dixon, Sir Pierson 184 Djilas, Milovan 29,56,122-3 ‘Do the Russians Want War? (song) 405-6 Dobrynin, Anatoly 299, 485, 487, 488, 489, 492, 507 Doganis, Sally 325 domino theory 98-9, 437-9 Dondero, George 391 Donetsk People’s Republic 551 Donlan, Charles 277
ļ62 The War of Nerves Doolittle Report ( Report on the Covert Activities of the Central Intelligence Agency) 178,333 Doomsday Clock 324 Dostoevsky, Fyodor 145; Demons 345, 345η double agents 353-68,359 Douglas, Karen 346 Drabkin, Yakov 116 Dresden, firebombing of (1945) 42-3 Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (film) xii, З77—8,379,383 Dubček, Alexander 443-4, 449 Dubinsky, Rostislav 411, 411И duck and cover xii, 307-9,308,309,325,377 Dulles, Allen 43, 44, no, 133,182-3, 211-12, 213, 270,344-5,373 Dulles, John Foster 154-5,157-8,183, 228, 288, 293,337, 338; Why We Will Soon Miss the Cold War 544 Dulles Plan 344-5 Dun, Bishop Angus 431 Duranty, Waiter 17, 57 Dylan, Bob 409,409И Dyson, Freeman 290 Open Skies arrangement and 170; presidential election (1952) 154,177,431; Project Slammer and 354-6; psychological warfare and 177,183,192; space race and 217-18, 221, 227-8,230-1,274; Stalin’s death and 155-7; State of the Union address (1958) 231; Zhukov and 169,170 Elizabeth II, Queen 124, 272, 358 Encounter 375-6 enemy complex 58 enemy deprivation syndrome 551-2 enforced forgetting 449-50 Enola Gay 470 Epictetus 218, 263 Erikson, Erik 192-5, 418; Childhood and Society 194-5 Escalona, Sibylle 327 Estonia 520 European Union (EU) 451,537 Executive Order 9835, US 188 Explorer i satellite 229 F ‘face , linguistic psychology concept of 40-1 Facts about Fallout (public information film) 317 E East German Socialist Unity Party (SED): ‘Ten Commandments of Socialist Morality 418 Eatherly, Claude 466, 470-2 Ecker, Ullrich 345,346-7 Eden, Anthony 18,31,
41, 46, 90, 92,158,184, 249, 292 Eden, Clarissa 292 Ehrenburg, Ilya 234, 241 Eichmann, Adolf 147, 470 Einstein, Albert 289, 289η Eisenhower, Dwight D. 288, 313; act tough, domestic pressure on to 155, 169-70; Chance for Peace speech 157; Christianity and 431; Churchill and 155, 369-70; Doctor Zhivago and 373; domino theory and 437-8; East-West cultural exchanges and 235, 247; Geneva summit (1955) and 169-70; Guatemala and 338; Khrushchev visit to US (1959) and 247, 250-1; Korean War and 484; Massive Retaliation doctrine 290; McCarthy and 200; military-industrial complex, warns against 256; morality of Cold War, on 366; nuclear weapons and 133; fallout shelters ix, 308,319,409 Färber, I. E. 206-7, 208 Faslane, HMS Neptune base 468 FBI 188,189,196,338-9,380, 384, 408 Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA): Civil Defense Implications of the Psychological Impact and Morale Effect of Attacks on the People of the United States 312-13,314 Federal Council of Churches 428, 431 Fedorenko, Nikolai 126 Feshbach, Seymour 326 film xii, 16, 44,102-3,10J, 123,123n, 133, 142,178,183,199, 201-2, 209, 264,322-4, 351.377-86, 420,495,510,545. See aho individualfihn and filmmaker name Fischer, Benjamin 498 Fischhoff, Baruch 88-9; ‘Hindsight * foresight’ 88, 89 Fitzpatrick, Sheila 245-6 Florovsky, Georges: ‘The Study of the Past’ 88, 89 Floyd, David 362 Foglesong, David 9-10 football, nuclear 467, 510 Ford Foundation 374
Index Ford, Gerald 214 Foreign Affairs 82, 500-1 Foreign Office, British 15, 24, 27η, 28, зі, 75-6, 77, юб-8, по, 153-4, 248, 282,363, 368,503 Forman, Miloš 454 Forrestal, James ιοο-ι Frank, Jerome D. 474-5 Frankfurt School 167 Free Europe Press 182,183 Freedom Train 186-7,187 French Communist Party 387 French Revolution (1789) 5-6 Freud, Sigmund x, 209, 314, 378, 423, 547; crowds, on psychology of 167-8; Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego 148; Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious 399-400, 401; Knox and 423-4; locked behaviour that militates against change, describes 501 Friedan, Betty: The Feminine Mystique 211 Friedman, Milton 535 Fröhlich, Paul 417-18 front line, psychology of 466-81 Fuchs, Jürgen 460, 460η Fulbright, Senator J. William 200 Fulbrook, Mary 457 Furman, Dmitry 516-17,518, 522, 532 G Gagarin, Yuri 269, 270-4,270,271, 276, 278, 279, 280, 281-2, 283, 285-6, 401; Road to the Cosmos 281 Galich, Alexander: ‘Night Watch’ 145 game theory non, 293-4, 295 Garment, Leonard 485 Gates, Robert 478, 544 Gates, Thomas 228 Gati, Charles 183 Gauck, Joachim 457 Gazzaniga, Michael 264-5 Gee, Ethel 364 Geisel, Theodor S. (Dr Seuss) 113 Geissler, Erhard 115 Gelb, Leslie 439, 497 Geneva Conference (1932) 289, 289η German Democratic Republic (GDR) 108, 109,127,127; Berlin airlift and 112-15; Berlin Wall collapse and 515, 524-5, 537, 545; Berlin Wall construction and 250-1, 257,258-9,259, 260,260, 261, 262-4; Brandt and 486-7; film in 385, J63 386,545; Ostalgia in 545-6; perestroika and 523-4,523η; Programme for the Accelerated Construction of Socialism 159;
Republikflucht (desertion of the Republic) 159, 250-1, 258-9, 2Ć0-1, 262-4; Stalin’s death and 159-ćo, 160,179; Stasi and atmosphere of paranoia in 258, 353, 402, 450, 456-7, 458-65,546-7,546η; Soviet Union dissolution and 545-6; unofficial collaborators’ (IMs) in 457; youth identity in 417,418,420 German Foreign Office 114 Germany 104; Berlin see Berlin; Federal Republic of Germany, formation of 116-17; GDR see German Democratic Republic (GDR); German unification, Stalin’s aim of 108,109; German-Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement (January 1941) 37; Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (August 1939) 16, 29,37, 67,114; partitioned 104-5; propaganda battle over Ш-16,112; reunification (1990) 545; Second World War and see Second World War; ‘Speech of Hope’ and 105; war-guilt (Vergangenheitsbelastung - the burden of the past) 545-6; war reparations 42, 55, 105-6 gestalt 89 Gilels, Emil 411, 413 Ginsberg, Allen 441 Girke, Dr Jochen 459 Gittinger, John 214, 215 glasnost 81, 245,348,520,532И Glazer, Tom 406-7 Glenn, John 274 Glinka, Mikhail: A Life [Laid Down]for the Tsar 404-5 Glover, Edward 311 Glushko, Valentin 226 Goldstein, Lyle 551 Goldstücken Eduard 448, 449 Goldwater, Barry 494 Golovanov, Yaroslav 226 Gomułka, Władysław 180 Good Bye Lenin! (film) 545 Gorbachev, Mikhail 145, 547; background 506; Berlin Wall and 515-16, 524-5; Bush and 522-3, 524-5, 526, 542-3; character, author’s impression of 506; conspiracy theories name as covert agent of West 345; coup (1991) and 145, 526-8; Fulton, Missouri speech (1992) 541-3,743; general
564 The War of Nerves secretary of СРЅЦ appointed (1985) 505-6, 516; glasnost and 81, 245, 520, 532η; INF Treaty, signs (1987) 512-13; Khrushchev s secret speech (1956) and 166; London visit (1984) 502-7,503η, yo4; Nobel Peace Prize 524-5Ո; perestroika and 367, 516-25, 523η, 524-5W, 52б֊7; Putin and 548, 549; Reagan and/US summit meetings 398-9, 421, 432-3, 505-6, 507-14, 507n, 510, 515-16; resignation 529-32, 533; United Nations, appearance at General Assembly (1988) 516; Yeltsin and 527-32 Gorbachev, Raisa 503,513η, 522,525,530 Gordievsky, Oleg 497-8 Gorky, Maxim 63, 415 Gottlieb, Sidney 214 Gouk, Arkady 330 Gower, Rear Admiral John 468-9,554 Great Soviet Encyclopaedia 421 Grechko, Georgy 223 Grechko, Marshal Andrei 476, 479 Greece 28, 52η, 98, 99,123 Greene, Graham 376 Greene, Hugh 323 Gribkov, Anatoly 261 Gromyko, Andrei 33, 87,132, 428,487,507 Grossman, Vasily 168 Grotewohl, Otto 109 Group for the Defence of Human Rights in the USSR 518 groupthink 314 GRU (Soviet foreign military intelligence) 261,356,357,360, 497 G7537 Guatemala 337-8 Guerrasio, John 301-2 Guevara, Che 270, 270n Guillory, Sean; A Genealogy of American Russophobia’ 9 H Hachinski, Vladimir 64 Haggard, Merle: Okie from Muskogee’ 407 Halbstarken (‘rocker’ or beatnik ) riots 417 Haldeman, Bob 484, 492 Halper, Stefan 496-7 Hanhardt, Eva 328 Hanke, Helmut 385 Harlow, Harry 206-7, 208, 459 Harrinaan, Averell 21—2, 22, 252—3, 254 Harvard Project on the Soviet System 349-50, 400-1 Havel, Vaclav 454η, 543 Hawkins, Private David 202-3, 204-6 Hayden, Sterling 383-4 Hayter, William 31, 79-8Γ, no, 164,341
Hayward, Max 374 Heinrich, Gitta 263 Hering, Major Harold 480,481 Herr К (man who helped over fifty people escape East Berlin) 462 Herrmann, Katharina 546 Hersh, Seymour 214-15 Hess, Rudolf 16, 46 Hibbert, Sir Reginald 368 Hillenkoetter, Roscoe H. 129 hindsight: foresight and 88-9; Kahneman s system one thinking’ and 91 Hines, Barry 324 Hiroshima, Japan, atomic bombing of (August 1945) 54-5, 98,289,315,322,324, 326-7,376-7,422-5,466,469-72 Hitler, Adolf 18,19, 28, 29,37,51,55, 62, 67, 76, 97,101,103,105,114,121,148, 448, 535; Mein Kampf76,77 Ho Chi Minh 439,484 Hofstadter, Richard 197-8 Hohenschönhausen prison, Berlin 459-60, 460Ո Hollywood 178,183,199,379-80, 381, 383-5, 420, 495 Holocaust 147, 476 Holsti, Ole 304 Home Office, UK 3x9-20,322,329-30 homosexuality 191,198, 202, 210-11, 363, 363n Honecker, Erich 420,515,523,523η, 545 Hoover, J. Edgar 188,189,338-9,384 Hopkins, Harry 31 Horney, Karen 57; Neurosu and Human Growth 58 Houghton, Harry 364-5 House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) 189,199, 200, 208-9, 379~8o, 383, 384, 408 Howard, J. A. 329 Huitt, Corporal Janet 472 HUMINT (human intelligence) 352 humour/jokes 390,395-402,397n, 402 Humphrey Hubert 236-7 Hungary 28,100,124,131,160,179, 204, 204η, 272, 290, 431, 443, 446, 446η, 537; Revolution in (1956) 179,180-5,290, 437,523 Hunter, Edward 203, 208-9; Brain-Washing in Red China 203-4, 212-13
Index Hunter, John 317-18 Hurd, Douglas 330 Husák, Gustav 455 Hutschnecker, Dr Arnold 490 I Ignatenko, Vitaly 534-5 individual, accountability of 148, 466-81 inakomyslie (‘different thinking’/ independence of thought ) 150,476 Infektion, Operation 332,333,346-7,347η INF Treaty (December 1987) 512 In God We Trust’ (United States adopts as official national motto, 1956) 431 Institute for US and Canadian Studies (ISKRAN) 485-6 Institute of Medicine, US 327 intelligence gathering/ spies 351-68 Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) 218-19, 2-27, 274, 275, 479, 501-2 internally warring personalities 461 International Congress of Aviation and Space Medicine, Prague (1966) 277-8 International Geophysical Year (1GY) 217, 230 International Monetary Fund 537 Inter-regional Group of Deputies, Soviet 521 Iron Curtain’ 48, 48n, 96-7, 516 Irvin, John Alan 356 Isktisstvo 392 Ivan the Terrible 2 Izvestiya 157, 271 J Jackson, Charles Douglas (C. D.) 157,177-8, 182 Jackson, Mick 324 James, William 452 Jameson, Donald 391, 392 Janis, Irving 314-15, 316 Japan 38,53,54-5. 98,101, 289,315,319.322. 324, 326-7,373, 376-7. 422-5, 439-40. 466, 469-72, 498 jazz 414-16, 421. See also individual artist and recording name Jefferson, Thomas 5-6 Jervis, Robert 95-6, 499; Perception and Misperception in International Politics 499 Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee 137 Jewish Doctors’ Ploť (1953) 63,137-8,151 565 Jo-Jo La Colombe ( UncleJoe the Dove’) (poster) 394, 395,395 John Paul II, Pope 433-5,433, 543 John XXIII, Pope: ‘Pacem in Terris 432 Johnson, Lyndon 218, 228, 275, 440, 442, 482-3 Johnson, Tom
530 Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC), UK311, 353,367-8 Jupiter missiles, US stationed in Turkey 302, 306 К Kahneman, Daniel 88,292,321-2,324,436, 544; Thinking, Fast and Slow 91, 92 Kalugin, Major General Oleg 245,365, 497 Kamanin, Nikolai 279-80, 283 Kapuściński, Ryszard 462-3; The Soccer War 456 Karamzin, Nikolai 168 Karasın, Grigory 14 Kassil, Lev 419 Kay, Ella 417 Keats, John: The Crack in the Picture Window 211 Keen, Sam 394-5 Keep America Committee 192,193,193 Kengir camp, Kazakhstan 163 Kennan, George 11, 50,133-4, 500; Long Telegram 66-72, 69,75,76-7, 82; psychological warfare, on 69-71, 75, 76-7,173-4,175; religious faith in Russia, on persistence of 10, 425-6; The Nuclear Delusion 501; The Sources of Soviet Conduct ( X’) 82-5, 86, 541 Kennedy, John F. 10, 237η, 251-2, 290, 406; assassination 287; Bay of Pigs and 256, 269-70, 269-70Ո, 439; Berlin Wall and 259, 260, 261, 262, 439; Cuban missile crisis and 297-306,301η, 475η, 478-9; Khrushchev and 251-7,254, 257η, 287, 299, зоіп; Mutually Assured Destruction and 290-1, 29m, 324; Nixon and 237η; presidential election (i960) and 268; Smirnovsky’s psychological profile of 255-6; space race and 266, 268-9, 270, 271-2, 274, 275, 275л, 286-7; Vienna Conference (1961) 251-7, 214, 2.57η, 2.8τ, 299, 439; Vietnam War and 437-9, 440 Kennedy, Robert 255, 261, 442, 478-9 Kent, Bruce 330 Kerensky, Alexander 6
ļ66 The War of Nerves Kerr, Archibald Clark 19-20, 21,22,24, 26-7, 27, 27η, 46, 76, 90 Khariton, Yuli 55 Khasbulatov, Ruslan 536 Khrushchev, Nikita: arts and 370-1,372, 380-1,390-1, 413-14; Bay of Pigs and 270; Berlin Blockade, on 109; Berlin Wall and 250, 253-4, 257-8, 259-60, 261; ‘catch up with and overtake the United States’, identifies USSR mission to 8,234,246-7; childhood 163; ‘conviction decisions 293, 299-300; Churchill and 369; Cuban missile crisis (October 1962) and 291-3, 297-300, 30m, 301-6; cultural exchanges, East-West and 235-47; Gagarin and 269, 270-4,270, 271, 281; Gomułka and 181; housing drive 244-5, 244η; Hungarian Revolution and 182,184,185, 437,523; hypersensitivity 237; Kennedy and 251-7,254, 287,299,30m; kitchen debate (1959) xii, 237-42,238, 244,245,348; London visit (1956) 248-9, 252; Mao visit to Moscow (1949) and 125, 125η; military-industrial complex, views as controlling western decision-making 151,256; Nixon meets (1959) 236-44,238, 484; nuclear weapons strategy 291, 292-3; ‘Open Skies’ arrangement, reaction to 170,170η; ousted from power 485; past, unconscious influence of in decision making 292-3; psychological profile of, CIA’s 252, 255, 257, 299,302; ‘secret speech’ denouncing Stalin’s crimes ( On the Cult of Personality and its Consequences’) (1956) 142,161-2,163,164-9, i66n, 170,179, 180-1, 249, 380, 506; seven-year plan (1958) 244; space race and 220-2, 223, 226-7, 229, 230, 266, 268, 270, 271, 281-3, 286; Stalin forces to dance the Ukrainian gopak 136; Stalin s fear of US, on 75,152; Stalin’s loneliness, on 46; Stalin’s succession
and 151,162-9; Suez and 184; Thaw 142, 234, 245, 443, 506, 523; underdog mentality 299-300; US Peace Corps and 438; US visit (1959) 126, 246-7, 249-51, 252; Vienna Conference (1961) 251-7, 214, 287, 299 Khrushchev, Rada 151, 249-50 Khrushchev, Sergei 223, 227, 286, 299-300 Kievan Rus 3, յո Kim Il-Sung 127,128 Kinnock, Neil 504 Kissinger, Henry 2in, 72,303, 483, 484-5, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492 ‘Kitchen Debate (1959) xii, 237-42,238, 244, 245,348 Kleemann, Christoph 402 Klíma, Ivan; Love and Garbage 464 Knox, Monsignor Ronald: ‘God and the Atom 422-5, 427,466 Koch, Hagen 258 Koestier, Arthur 112-13 Koffka, Kurt 89 Kolb, Major Eugene 367 Kolmanovsky, Eduard 405-6 Komarov, Vladimir 285-6 Komsomol 196,276,415,464 Korean War (1950-3) 86,127-8,130,132,133, 151,176,177,326,349,389, 420,430,437, 460, 484; US POWs, brainwashing and 201-10, 210Я kormlenie (‘feeding’) system 2 Korolev, Natalia 227 Korolev, Sergei 220,221, 222-3,222, 226-7, 230,266, 267, 269,284,284η, 285 Kosovo 538 Kotkin, Stephen 464 Kovalev, Sergey 448 Kozlov, Alexei 242, 415 Krasilnikov, Major General Rem 342 Krätschell, Werner 515 Krauthammer, Charles 4, 543 Krech, David 292 Krokodil 397 Kronenwetter, Ralph 196 Kruk, Captain Mikhail 41-2 Kuboyama, Aikichi 319 Kubrick, Stanley xii, 377-8,379 Kukryniksy, The 393 Kundera, Milan 449; ‘The Tragedy of Central Europe’ 443 Kuomintang 132 Kurchatον, Igor 54 Kurochkin, Sergei: ‘Bring back Stalin!’ 146 Kuroń, Jacek 442-Յ Kuter, General Laurence 35 Kutuzov, Roman 536-7 Kuznetsov, Dr Oleg 277-8 L Laika (space dog) 266-8,267, 282 Laing, Hana 449 Laird, Melvin 484 Laos 494
Larionov, General Valentin 318-19 Lasky, Melvin 375-6
Index Lasswell, Harold: Psychopathology and Politics 174-5 Launius, Dr Roger 274-5,279 Lauristin, Marju 520 Lavender Scare 191,363η Leahy, Admiral William 171 Le Bon, Gustave: The Psychology of Crowds 167 le Carré, John (David Cornwell) 108,352, 353; The Spy Who Came infrom the Cold 366 Le Duc Tho 489-90 Lees-Milne, Alvilde 369-70 Lees-Milne, James 369-70 Legend of the White Cowl, The (mystical prophetic text) 10 Lehrer, Tom: ‘We Will All Go Together When We Go’ 410 LeMay, General Curtis 227, 302-3,378 Leningrad Affair 138 ‘Lenin Is Always With Us (song) 403 Lenin, Vladimir xi, 6,10,11,17,17η, I9, 52, 75, 80,120,137,139,158,164,173,179,192,385, 393, 400, 403, 442, 446, 448, 463, 513, 516, 534,545 Leonov, Alexei 284-5, 284η, 285η Leonov, General Nikolai 493-4 Lermontov, Mikhail 25 Les Lettres Françaises 387 Letters without Signatures (radio programme) 465 Levesley, Senior Aircraftwoman Janet 473 Levitan, Yuri 139 Life magazine 315 Liiton, Robert 326, 327, 471, 472η Ligeti, György 262 Likert, Rensis 326 Likert Scale 326 Lilienthal, David 466 Litfin, Günter 260 Little Richard 216 Lloyd, Selwyn 311 Lodge Jr, Henry Cabot 209 Loeffler, Marion 523 Long Telegram, Kennan 66-72, 69, 75, 76-7, 82,178 Lord, Winston 483 loss aversion 436-7 Lovell, Professor Richard 23 Löwenthal, Leo: The Authoritarian Personality 167,168-9 Loyalty Order, US 188 Lozgachev, Pavel 138-9 S67 LSD 214 Lublin, Poland 38-9 Lubyanka Prison, Moscow 47,121,360 Lunghi, Hugh 24-5,35, 52 Lyne, Rod 505-6 Lyubimov, Colonel Mikhail 353 M Maaz, Hans-Joachim 456,461-2 Maclean, Donald 35,362, 363 Macmillan, Harold 16,
248,249, 256η, 259, 259«, շ8շ, 4II ‘madman theory’ 21η, 484-5, 554 Magomayev, Muslim: Atomny Vek’ ( The Atomic Age ) 410 Maisky, Ivan 36-8 Major, John 530 Malenkov, Georgy 138-9,151,152-3, 154,155, 162,164,169 Malevich, Kazimir 392 managed democracy 2 Manchurian Candidate, The (film) 201-2,204 Manhattan Project 324 Mao Zedong 125-6,127,127,128,132,189,190, 203, 297, 488 Mansky, Vitaly 540,540η Marley, Greg 319 Marris, Peter 150 Marshall Plan 82, 99-100,121, 375 Marx, Karl 120,139,173,328, 439, 463; Communist Manifèsto 547 Marxism и, 37, 52, 68, 69, 73, 75, 76, 8о, 125, 164, 255, 373, 381, 442, 448, 5°5, 507, 5і6 mass hysteria 140,192-200,193,490 mass psychology 167,314 Mastný, Vojtech 353 Materna, Ingo 115 Matlock, Jack 508,522,525 ‘Mauer im Kopf ( wall in the mind’) 263 Mauerkrankheit (wall disease) 262-3 Maury, John 371 Mayakovsky, Vladimir 393 Mayer, Dr William E. 210 McCarthyism xii, 39,155,176-7,189,190-200, 201, 255,334,350,379, 439, 552 McCarthy, Joseph 155,176-7,190-200, 201, 334, 379, 439, 552; McCarthyism: The Fight for America 192 McNamara, Robert 303,304, 306, 440, 441, 442, 500 Mearsheimer, John 544 Meerloo, Joost 206
į68 The War of Nerves Meeting on the Elbe (Vstrecha na Elbe) (fílm) юг-з, 382-3 MH17 345 Mielke, Erich 456, 459 MI5 364 Mikhalkov, Nikita 345 Mikoyan, Anastas 136,137-8, 298,303 Milgram, Stanley: ‘Behavioral Study of Obedience 147-50,447 military-industrial complex, US 151,256, 351,430 Miller, Arthur 246,411,413; The Crucible 198-200 Milley, General Mark 554 Milosz, Czeslaw: The Captive Mind 452-4 MI6 354.357, Յ58, 362-Յ, 365 Mister Twister (Soviet cartoon character) 397 Modern Woman: The Lost Sex (Lundberg and Farnham) 211 Modzelewski, Karel 442-3 Moiseyev, Igor 245Ո, 419-20 Mokrinski, Mikhail 469-70 Moller, Anita 263 Moloney, Dr J. C. 209-10 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (August 1939) 16, 29, 37, 67, Π4 Molotov, Vyacheslav 15,16, 24,54,75, 80, 87, 88, 92, 95,109-10,114,136,137-8,138η, ui, іб2, ւ6շո,164 Momism 210-11 Mongols յո, 5, ι68, 493 Moran, Lord 22,23 Morozov, Pavlik 196 Morris, Edmund 508-9 Morrison, Herbert 362 Morris-Young, Amy 308, 309-10 Moscow, Napoleon captures (1812) 232, 414 Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals (MPA) 380,383 motivated irrationality phenomena’ 179-80 Müller-Hegemann, Dietfried 262-3 Munich Security Conference (2007) 549-50 Murray, Don 472 Murrow, Edward R. 225 Museum of Modern Art, New York 391-2 music 403-21. See aho individual artist and recording name Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) 290-1,291, 29m, 324,501 My Perestroika (documentary). 452 Myasnikov, Dr Alexander 64 myths/myth-making, psychology of 118-34, u9,127 N Nabokov, Nicolas 412,413 Nagasaki, Japan, atomic bombing of (August 1945) 98,
289,315,324,326,422-Յ, 425, 466,469-70 Nagy, Imre 180,181 Naiden, Vladimir 116 narcissism 57, 62-3,126,167,168 NASA 2Ć6,274-5,277,278-9, 280 Nasser, Gamal 183,184 National Aeronautics and Space Council, US 230, 266 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) 408 National Security Council, US no-11,129, 156,173,182,205, 231, 235,266,303,478,485, 508; Memorandum of Discussion at a Special Meeting of the National Security Council on Tuesday, March 311953 133; NSC-68 ( United States Objectives and Programs for National Security’) (1950) 84-5,129-30,131,175-6,178,375; NSC 5814/1 (directive establishing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 2,66 National Student Association (NSA), US 375 Neff, Ondřej 447-8 Neptune, Operation 336-7 Neuendorf, Ulrike 462 Neues Deutschland 160 neurosis 56-65, 211 Nevsky, Alexander 145 Newsweek 202, 228 New York Times 17,17η, 57, ոշ-із, i6i, 214, 228, 268,295,328,338,375,384,387,477 Nguyen Duy 441 Niebuhr, Reinhold 427 Nikolai, Metropolitan 426-7, 429-3° 9/11549 Nitze, Paul 129-30,176 Nixon, Richard 182, 237n, 280; China visit (1972) 488-9, 490; détente and 487, 493-4; Dobrynin and 487-8, 489, 492; Hungarian Revolution and 184; impeachment 482; Khrushchev meeting/ kitchen debate’ (1959) xii, 236-44,238,484; Kissinger and 483, 484-5, 492; madman theory’ and 21 n, 484-5, 554; Moscow visit (1972) 489, 490; neurotic symptoms 490-1; presidential
Index election (i960) and 268; presidential election (1968) and 482-3; presidential election (1972) and 489-90; psychoanalysis 490-1; resigns from presidency 86, 491-2; sanity/psychology of, nuclear power of US and 480, 481, 482-94; self-analysis 490-1; Soviet Spartan toughness, empathy for 493; Vietnam War and 482-3, 484-5, 487-8, 489-90 Nobel Prize non, 226-7, 293,372, 524n Normanbrook, Lord 323 North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) 477 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 154,169,180,181, 343, 394, 417, 522, 525, 537-8, 550; formation of 116-17; Operation Able Archer 498-9 nostalgia, Cold War xiii, 541, 542,442, 544-8, 550-1, 550n Novikov; Nikolai: long telegram 72-5,178 Nowa Sztuka ( New Art’) 389-90 NSC-68 (роИсу paper), ‘United States Objectives and Programs for National Security’ (1950) 84-5,129-30,131,175-6, 178, 375 nuclear weapons: accountability, individual and 466-81; atomic bomb, creation of Soviet 100-1,117,129,153, 249; atomic bomb, creation of US 51, 52-5, 93, 98, 100-1; B-59 (Soviet Foxtrot-class nuclear submarine) 475-6; Biscuit (small plastic receptacle containing a set of nuclear codes) 467; brinkmanship and see brinkmanship; Brzeziński and front line of 477-8; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and 289, 324; bunkers 308, 311, 315, 319, 467, 473; Castle Bravo test, Bikini Atoll (1954), US 319-20; Cheget nuclear briefcase-based command and control system, USSR 467; Cheyenne Mountain Complex, Colorado 477-8; Chinese press Stalin to use atomic bomb on US 132; civil defence and see civil defence; Cuban missile crisis and see Cuban missile
crisis; deterrence doctrine 158, 288, 289-90, 294, 295, 296, 376, 495, 501, 511; Doomsday Clock 324; duck and cover xii, 307-9,308,309, 325, 377; Eisenhower raises question of atomic bomb use in Korean war (1953) 133; Facts about Fallout (public information film) 317; football, nuclear 467,510; front line 466-81; Hiroshima 569 and Nagasaki bombings see Hiroshima and Nagasaki; human factor, importance of the 476-9; inakomyslie ( different thinking’ or independence of thought ) and 476; Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) 218-19, 227, 274, 275, 479, 501-2; ‘letter of last resort’, British 467-8, 468η; ‘madman theory and 21n, 484-5, 554; Massive Retaliation doctrine 290; Mokrinski test drops 469, 469η; Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) 290-1, 291, 324,501; peace movement 312,324-31,334; Personnel Reliability Program (PRP) 479; Polaris 467-9, 473; Promethean Gap and 321; psychological effects of threat of nuclear war 307-31; public calm, authorities’ mendacity in efforts to maintain 314-15; Reagan’s arms spending and 496-502; religious leaders and 422-5, 427, 466; sanity of leaders and 21η, ą8o, 481, 482-94, 554; Serpukhov-15 missile alert centre detects missiles heading for USSR (1983) 477; Stimson suggests sharing US atomic bomb secrets with Russians 100-1; Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) (‘Star Wars’) 501-2, 510-11; television and threat of 321-5; Truman considers all-out war (January 1952) 132-3; Trump and 553-4; You and the Atomic Bomb 313-14 nudge theory 373,373η О Obama, Barack 3 obedience, psychological levers of 147-50 Observer 323-4 obsessive compulsive
disorder (OCD) 501 O’Donnell, Kenneth 252 Office of Civil Defense, US 317 Office of Research and Evaluation (ORE), US 129 Okudzhava, Bulat: ‘The Black Cat’ 144,144η Oldfield, Maurice 357-8 Olson, Eric 215 Olson, Frank 214-15 Olson, Nils 215 ‘only obeying orders’, defence of (Befehl ist Befehl) 147, 470 ‘Open Skies arrangement 170 operative psychology 458-9 Oppenheimer, J. Robert 466 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) 538
m The War of Nerves Orlov, Vadim 475 Orthodox Church, Russian 10,120,143,271, 423, 425-7, 429, 430-1 Orwell, George ix-xn, 188; Nineteen EightyFour 464 Osgood, Kenneth 174-5 OSS (Office of Strategic Services) 43,203, 383 Ostalgie 545-6 Ostpolitik 486-7 Ota, Yoko 471 P Paix et Liberté 394 Paramount Pictures 186,384 paranoia: East German atmosphere of 456, 457,459,462,463; nuclear weapons and 308,329,331; Stalin s 30, 46,52,54,58, 61-2, 63,64, 65, 94,124,136,137,151,170,171; US fear of communism and 176,188,189,193, 197-9, 201, 218, 378, 379, 383, 442, 482, 489, 490, 492 Paris: Battle of (1814) 232; Peace Conference (1946) 95 Paris Review 374 Parker, Sir Michael 473 past, unconscious influence of in decision making 292-3 Pasternak, Boris 370, 371-3, 513; Doctor Zhivago 371-3,374 Pasternak, Yevgeny 370,372 Pavlov, Andrei 520 Pavlovian response 207, 212, 307 Pavlov, Vladimir 20 Peace Corps, US 438, 441 peak-end rule 544 Pearl Harbor attack (1941) 15, 229 Pechatnov, Vladimir 15,34-5, 81-2 Pechini, Patrizia: Philosophy of SelfDeception 179-80 Pelosi, Nancy 554 Pendergast, Tom Boss’ 91-2 Penkovsky, Oleg 356-60, 379,365, 419 Pentagon, US 106,178,332,333, 439 Pepsi-Cola 242, 242η perceived external locus of control 410 personality, cult of 14,57-8,118-24, Ա9, 133-4,138-46,161,164-9,170,180,387 personal psychology, policy-making and reliance on 16-25, 22, 26-8,27 Personnel Reliability Program (PRP) 479 Peters, Uwe 462 Peterson, Frederick 313 Petrov, Lt Col. Stanislav 477 Peurifoy, John 338 Philby, Kim 360, 361,363, 365 Philippines 174,174 Picasso, Pablo 376,387-9,388n, 394 Pick,
Daniel 211 Pieck, Wilhelm 109 Pinay, Antoine 250 PINCHER (Pentagon Joint Outline War Plan, 1946) 106 Pipes, Richard 495 Pithart, Petr 444, 449 Pletnev, Dmitry 63 Plyushch, Leonid 518 Poland xi, 37,93-4, 95,105; An Open Letter to the Party: Marxism Against Stalinism’ (Kuroń and Modzelewski) 442-3; brainwashing in 213; Gagarin visits 401; German-Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement (January 1941) and 37; Gomułka comes to power 179,180,181, 184; Marshall Plan and 99-100; MolotovRibbentrop Pact and 114; NATO and 537; Prague Spring and 443; religion in 431, 433-5,434,543; Solidarity (Solidarność) 431, 433-5, 519-20,522-3; Stalin remarks on difficulty of introducing communism into 121; Stalin orders arrest of Armia Krajowa (AK) leaders 46-7; Truman and 87; Yalta Conference and 38-40,40η, 48, 92,105 Polaris 467-8, 473 Popiełuszko, Father Jerzy 431, 433 Popov, Gavriil 521,534 Popovich, Pavel 226 Pospelov, Pyotr 163,164 posters, political 393-7,393 Post-Traumatic Embitterment Disorder (PTED) 548-9 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 441, 462, 548 Potsdam Conference (July 1945) 16, 50-5, 52η, 67, 90-1, 95, Ю5 Powell, Charles 367-8,503, 503И Powers, Gary 261 Prague Spring (1968) xi, 414, 443-50,443,446, 455, 488 Pravda 63, 97,157, 223,224, 247, 281,286,305, 332, 405, 415, 419, 444-5, 448, 480-m preconception, policy-making and 8, 66, 72, 80, 82, 95-6, m, 131,352-3, 430, 504, 511
Index Presley, Elvis 416, 420 Primakov, Yevgeny 347 Prisoner of War (film) 209 Project Jigsaw 131 Project Slammer 354-6 Promethean Gap 321 Pronina, Natalya 541 propaganda: arts and see individual art, artist and artwork name; Berlin, post war propaganda battle over influence in II2-Í7,112; black 156,335-6,338,342, 344; brainwashing see brainwashing; disinformation see disinformation; etymology 335; Germany, post-war and 112-15,112; ‘non-white populations and Soviet 334; psychological warfare see psychological warfare; religion and 427, 430; Soviet Post War Outlook 67-8; Soviet wartime 30; space race and 219, 220, 224, 227, 228, 230, 231, 283-4, 2.86; Stalin’s cult of personality and see Stalin; Stalin’s death and US 156-60 ‘protest’ music 409-10. See abo individual artist and recording name Psychological Strategy Board (PSB), US 152, 153,156,172, 428-9 psychological warfare 69,104,114,129,151, 153,157,160,171-85,174.192, ЗІЗ, 334, ՅՅ8, 339-40,340,342,375, 393-4, 399, 417· See abo individmi type/area of psychological warfare Psychological Warfare School, Fort Bragg 334 psychopathic qualities 61-2 Pushkin, Alexander 145, 276, 392 Putin, Vladimir xiii, 2, 4,118,145,283η, 345, 351, 352, 538, 539, 540-1, 540Ո, 547-51, 547η, ՏՔ. 552-4, 552Ո R Rabinowitch, Eugene 324 Radio Free Europe (RFE) 178,181-3 Radishchev, Alexander 168 Ramparts 375-6 Rancour-Laferriere, Daniel 56-7, 65 RAND Corporation 314, 378 Rataizick, Siegfried 460 rational choice, decision-making and 94 Reagan, Ronald xiii, 10,384, 420, 432-3, 495-515,525; arms spending 496-502; backchannel of negotiation opened with
the Kremlin 502; Bush replaces 522; Cold War strategy 495-502; evil empire’, denounces ՏՈ Soviet Union as an (1983) 476-7, 498-9; FBI collaborator 384; film career 209, 380; Gorbachev and/ summit meetings with 398-9,400, 421, 432-3,505,507-14, yio, 526; INF Treaty, signs (1987) 512-13; jokes at Moscow summit (1988) 398-9, 400; Mutually Assured Destruction, dislikes idea of 501; obsessive compulsive disorder and 501; Operation Able Archer and 498-9; presidential campaign (1980) 495; presidential campaign (1984) 499-500; religion and 432-3,501; Soviet fear of America, problems grasping concept of 497, 498, 499; Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)/‘Star Wars and 501-2, 510-11; ‘Tear down this wall! demand 515; Thatcher and 502-3, 505, 511, 511-12П; US joint chiefs of staff, first briefing by 496 realpolitik 57,487 Red Army 15, 20,33, 40, 43, 44, 51, 92, 93, 98, 102,103,105, in, 121,163,176, 233,319, 403, 404-5, 414. See abo individmi battle and commander name Red Scare 191,198, 439. See abo McCarthyism Reed, Dean 420 Reed, Prescott: Russia, Russia (Lay that Missile Down)’ 406-7 religion 10-11,11, 271,370, 389, 406, 422-35, 434, 466 Republic of Korea 127 Republican Party, US 154,158,177,190, 218, 268,376, 391, 406, 483, 553-4 Reuter, Ernst in-12 Revue um Mitternacht (film) 386 Roberts, Geoffrey 87 Roberts, Sir Frank 49-50, 76-7, 78,116-17, 257-8 Robertson, 2nd Lieutenant William 102,103, 103, n7 Robeson, Paul 407-9, 408n Robison, Carson: ‘I’m No Communist’ 406 rock and roll music 416-20. See abo individual artist and recording mme Rockefeller, Nelson 391-2, 483 Romania xi,
28, 95,100,131,180 Ronald, Sir Nigel 77 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 10, 49, 51, 74,195; accommodation policy 50, 55, 86, 88; Churchill and 19, 28, 29,30, 34-9,36, 50; death 48-9, 52, 87, 89; Pearl Harbor, reaction to 15; posthumous reputation 48-50; religious revival in Soviet Union,
572 The War of Nerves hopes for io, 425; Stalin and 16-17, 28, 29, ЗО, 31-2,34-9,36, 43, 49-50, 50n, 56, 65; Teheran Conference (1943) and 29, 30, 31-2, 56; Wolff meeting and 43; Yalta Conference (1945) and 16-17,31,34-9,36, 43, 48, 49-50, 50n, 56 Rosenthal, Arkady 126 Rose, Operation (construction of Berlin Wall) 258-9,2J9, 260-1 Rostropovich, Mstislav 411, 414 Rozanov; Vasily 48« R-7 rocket 218-19, 269 Ruff, Dr George 277-8 Rusk, Dean 303-4 Russayev, Venyamin 285-6 Russell, Bertrand 293, 325-6, 472 Russia: authoritarian rule, acceptance of within 2, 3-4, 5, 6,14,168, 539; Civil War (1918-20) 16,18,19, 60,356; Constituent Assembly, dissolution of (1917) 6; Crimea annexation (2014) 146,345, 550; Decembrists 233, 414; democratic centralism 2; démocratisation process, reversal of (2000-10) 539; February Revolution (1917) 6,168; karmienie ( feeding ) system 2; managed democracy 2; Mongol occupations 5,168, 493; Moscow, Napoleon captures (1812) 232; national psyche 2-6; October Revolution (1917) 6, 48n, 191, 281, 371; Paris, Battle of (1814) 232; Putin and see Putin, Vladimir; revolt of deputies (1993) 536-7,536; shock therapy, post-Soviet economic 535-6; Soviet national anthem revived in 540; Stalin, nostalgia for within modern 542,142; western insensitivity towards, claims of 14-15, 533-4; western support for post-Soviet, lack of 537-8; Yeltsin and Gorbachev widely reviled modern 538 Russophobia 8-9, 552 RYaN, Operation 497 Ryzhkov, Nikolai 526 S Sakharov, Andrei 466, 521 Salguero, Carlos 327 Salisbury, Lord 158-9 sanity, presidential 21η, 480, 481, 482-94, 554 Sargent, Sir
Harold Orme Garton 75-6 Saunders, Frances Stonor 373,392 Savitsky, Captain Valentin 475-6 Schabowski, Günter 523-4 Schelling, Thomas: The Strategy of Conflict non, 288-9, 293-4, 295, 484 schema theory 89, 91, 93-4, 95 Schlesinger, Arthur 50,173, 439 Schneider, Peter 464; The WallJumper 264 Schneider, William 498 Schröder, Karin 385 Schumann, Konrad 262 Schwäble, Colonel Frank 206-8 ֊ Scott-Heron, Gil: Whitey on the Moon 274, 406η Scowcroft, Brent 537 Second World War (1939-45) ix, 7-8, 9,13, 14,15,16,44, 45,53,55, 66,92,104,120-1, 145,147,189,233, 239, 278, 283, 289,317,319, 344, 380,383,388, 403, 404, 426, 433,535; Allies attempt to reach separate peace with Germans, Soviet suspicions over 16, 43, 44-5, 46; atomic bomb created during 51, 52-5; atomic bomb, use of see Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Berlin, Battle of (1945) 92,233; Blitz 311; Churchill wartime visits to Moscow 18-25,22, 26, 28-9, 34, 52; Dresden firebombing (1945) 42-3; Elbe River, meeting of Soviet and American troops on (April 1945) Γ02-4,103,382-3; German war-guilt (Vergangenheitsbehistung - the burden of the past) 545-6; German war reparations 42, 55,105-6; German invasion of Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa) (1941) 19, 29,37, 479, 492-3; Holocaust 147, 476; leader conferences during see Teheran Conference; Potsdam Conference and Yalta Conference; Leningrad siege (1941-4) 405; MolotovRibbentrop Pact (1939) 16, 29,37, 67,114; Nuremberg war trials (1945-6) 147; ‘only obeying orders defence (Befehl ist Befehl) 147,470; outbreak of 55; Pearl Harbor attack (1941) 15, 229; post-war years, hopes for peace and
cooperation in 102-17,103; second front, Stalin dwells on Western Allies’ failure to open when USSR had been in danger of defeat 15, 20; suffering endured by Soviets in, Stalin’s belief that West should recognise 15; VE (Victory in Europe) Day 47 Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), British 357, 362 Secret Mission (film) 16 Ségur, Comte de 232 self-censorship 454
Index Semichastny, Vladimir 234 Senate Aeronautical and Space Sciences Committee, US 274 Serbia 538 Sergeev, Rostislav 34, 42-3 Service, John 190 Service, Robert: The End of the Cold War, 1985-199113-Ї4 Seventeen Moments of Spring (film) 44-5,45, 344 Shabarov, Yevgeny 267 Sharansky, Natan 504, 543 Sheehan, Neil 440 Shelest, Petr 445 Shevardnadze, Eduard 345 Shield and the Sword, The (film) 351 Shlapentokh, Vladimir 401, 40m, 457-8 Shmelev, Boris 447 shock therapy 535-6 Short, Philip 126 Shostakovich, Dmitri 142-3, 244, 382-3, 405; Antiformalisticheskiy Rayok 407; Cheryomushki 244; Cultural and Scientific Congress for World Peace, New York, attends (1949) 411-13,412; Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District 405; Leningrad Symphony 410-11; Seventh Symphony 405 show trials 124,137-8 Shultz, George 421, 499 Shute, Nevil: On the Beach 369-70,376, 377 Sidey, Hugh 254-5 SIGINT (Signals Intelligence) 352 silence, control and 450-65 Silvashko, Lieutenant Alexander 102-3,103, 117 Šimečka, Milan: The Restoration of Order: The Normalization of Czechoslovakia 449-50, 455 Simon, Herbert 94 Simonov, Konstantin: The Living and the Dead 104; The Smoke of the Fatherland 104; ‘Wait for Me 233 Simonov, Vladimir 521 Skinner, B. E 207-8 ‘sluggish schizophrenia 517-18 Smirnoff, Yakov 397, 397η Smirnovsky, Mikhail 255, 256 Snezhnevsky, Andrei 517 Snyder, Glenn 295 Sobell, Vlad 450-2, 454-5 ‘society of niches ÇNischengesellschaft’) 461 sociopathy 61-2,135 573 Solidarity (Solidarność) 431,433-5,519-20, 522-3 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr 163, 525η Sorensen, Ted 478 Souers, Rear Admiral Sidney 171 Soviet
Citizen: Daily Life in a Totalitarian Society, The (Harvard) 349-50 Soviet Communist Party 153,165,169, 242, 528,534-5; Central Committee 162,163, 169, 223,271,343,381,417,526; Central Committee Department of Propaganda and Agitation (Agitprop) 343,381-2; Cominform and 122; dissolution of (1991) 538,541; Party Congress, Nineteenth (1952) 137-8; Party Congress, Twentieth (1956) 142,161-2,163,164-9,166η, 170,179, 180-1, 249, 380, 506; Presidium 151,152, 162η, 221, 297, 298, 301Ո Soviet Peace Committee 429-30 Soviet Union (USSR): arts in see individual art, artist and artwork name; atomic bomb, reaction to US creation of 53-4, 98; atomic bomb, development of too, 117, 129,153 see aho nuclear weapons; Berlin and see Berlin; buffer states 98,100,121; Churchill visits see Churchill, Winston; civil defence 307-31,308,309,316,320,321; conceptual conservatism in 151; coup in (1991) 145, 527-8, 52711, 537, 538; Cuban missile crisis (October 1962) and see Cuban missile crisis; cultural exchanges, East-West and 232-47,238; détente and 493-4, 495; dissolution of (1991) ix, xiixiii, 14,145, 526-39,336; double agents 351-68,359; glasnost 81, 245,348, 520, 532η; housing shortages in 244-5, 244η; Korean War and see Korean War; leaders of see individual leader name; member states, relationship between see individual state name; military spending/arms race and xii, 84-5,169, 244, 290, 291, 312,319, 398, 409, 432, 484, 496-502, 509, 512,515,530-1, 553; national psyche 1-6; Nixon visits see Nixon, Richard; nuclear weapons and see nuclear weapons; perestroika 103, 452, 514, 516-25, 526, 527, 528
see aho Gorbachev, Mikhail; psychological warfare and see psychological warfare and individual type/ area of psychological warfare; religion in 425-35,435; Second World War and see Second World War; space race and see space race; summits with US see individual
574 The War of Nerves leader and summit location name; wartime leader conferences and see Teheran Conference; Potsdam Conference and Yalta Conference Soviet Women’s Organization 283 Soviet Writers’ Union 370 Soyuz crafts 285-6 space race 216-32, an, 221,229, 266-87, 267, 270,271,273· See also individual astronaut and spacecraft name Special Operations Division, Fort Detrick, US 346 Spender, Stephen 37Ć Speransky, Mikhail 168 Sperry, Roger 264-5, 264-5Ո Spokesmen, The: Dawn of Correction’ 407 Sputnik xi, 216-31,222,223η, 22ļ, շ66,2б7 Sputnik-շ 266-8,267 Stalin, Joseph 8; appearance 56,118; Armia Krajowa (AK), orders arrest of leaders 46-7; arts and 370,380-1,387-8,405,407; atomic bomb, informed of US creation of 53-4, 98,100-1; autopsy 64; belief perseverance/conceptual conservatism and 150-1; Berlin blockade/airlift and 109, no, 116,121, 250; childhood 59-60, China and 125-7, 128, іЗі-З, 488; Churchill and 16-17,18-25,22,26,27-32, 61; 34-6,36,37,38,39,39,40, 40Ո, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47-8, 50, 51, 52, 56, 65, 92, 93-4, 97-8,134 see abo Churchill, Winston; Cold War, views West as responsible for 14; criticism, ‘violent reaction’ to 63; cult of personality’ 14,57-8, 118-24, «9, 133-4,135,138-46, ići, 165-9, 170,180,387; death 64, 79,135,138-42, 150-9, 387; Decembrism, fears new 233; de-Stalinisation within Soviet Union after death, process of 135-70; Jewish Doctors’ Plot (1953) and 63-4,136-8,151; enemy complex’ 58; foreign leaders/ foreigners, inherent distrust of 29,32-3, 52, 60,151; Fulton speech, reaction to Churchill s 97-8; funeral 140-1; German unification, announces aim
of 108, 109; heart attack (1945) 136; Hess affair, suspicions concerning 16, 46; images of, population bombarded with 118-19, 119; Khrushchev and see Khrushchev, Nikita; Korean War and 127-8; Kratkaia Biografiin (official biography) 58,59; Leningrad Affair and Г38; loneliness 135-6; manipulation of others 17-25; memory loss 136-7; Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (August 1939) and 16,114; movies, love of 380-1; neurotic personality 56-65; Nineteenth Party Congress (1952) and 137-8; Novikov’s ‘long telegram’ and 75; obedience, psychological levers of and 147-50; paranoia 46,52,54, 58, 61-2, 63, 64, 65, 94,124,136,137,151,170; Picasso’s portrait of 387-8; Poland, on introducing communism tato 121; psychological flaws, roots of 59-60; psychological health, foreign policy and 64-5; psychological isolation 46; psychopathic qualities 61-3; Putin and 118,145, 553; religion and 426-8; mausoleum, removed from (1961) 142; retribution against those who questioned the infallibility of the Soviet state 124-5; secondary narcissism 62-3; Second World War, belief that West should recognise suffering endured by Soviets in 15; Second World War, dwells on Western Allies failure to open second front when USSR was in danger of defeat 15, 20; Second World War, suspicions over Allies attempt to reach separate peace with Germans in 16,43, 44-5, 46; ‘secret speech’, Khrushchev denounces crimes in ( On the Cult of Personality and its Consequences’) (1956) 142,161-2, 163,164-9,166n, 170,179,180-1, 249,380, 506; satellite states, relations with see individual state name; seventieth birthday celebrations
119,127,127; Shostakovich and 142-3, 405, 407; shown up’, fear of being 63; ‘socialism in one country’ policy 7; sociopathy 61-2,135; statues dismantled 142; succession in Soviet leadership after death 151,162-9; temper 61; Truman and 91-2; US invasion, fear of 75,152; wartime leader conferences and see Teheran Conference; Potsdam Conference and Yalta Conference; Yeltsin years, becomes icon of protest against capitalism of 145; Yudina and 142-3; Yugoslavia, Stalin myth and 122-4,124η Stalin, Svetlana 24,32,139 Stallworthy, Sir John 329-30 Stanford University 118 St Antony’s College, Oxford 374 Starling and the Lyre, The (film) 351
Index Stasi 258,402, 450, 456-7,458-65; ffles released 546-7,546η; Main Directorate for Reconnaissance (HVA) 353; StasiVafolgten-Syndrom (Stasi Persecution Syndrome) 462 State Department, US 57, 67, 96,114,125, 156,157,175,176,190,199, 219, 243, 487, 525; Nazi-Soviet Relations 1939-1941 114; Statement of Policy of East-West Exchanges 235-6 State Emergency Committee, Soviet 528 state speak 463-4 Statili bezpečnost (StB) (Czechoslovakia’s state security service) 335-7, 450 Steimle, Uwe 545 Stern, Sol 375 Stevenson, Adlai 288, 483 stilyagi (Soviet youth counterculture) 415 Stimson, Henry L. 53,53η, ioo Straight Flush (weather reconnaissance plane) 470 Strategic Air Command, US 298, 476 Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) ( Star Wars’) 501-2, 510-11 Strath Report, The (1954) 310-12 Stravinsky, Igor 412 Study Group on Survival Training, US military 206-7 Suez Crisis (1956) 183-4,2-92·, 304 Sunday Times 98 Supreme Soviet 152, 249 Survey magazine 374 ‘Survival Under Atomic Attack , US Government Booklet 316-17,316 Susanin, Ivan 404, 405 Sutton, Robbie 346 T Taiwan 202, 210И TASS 196, 295, 398, 445-6 Tchaikovsky Piano Competition (1958) 413-14 Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich 404, 410, 413-14 Tedder, Lord 21 Teheran Conference (1943) 26-7, 28,29,52, 56 Teller, Edward 229-30 Tereshkova, Valentina 283-4, 283n Thatcher, Margaret 367,502-5,304, 507, 511, 5Ո-12Ո, 520-1, 526 Third International Exhibition of Satire in the Fight for Peace’, Moscow (1977) 394 575 ‘Thirty Years of Moscow Art’, Manezh Gallery (1962) 390-1 This Is the Nonsense One Drawsfrom a Poisoned Well (1977 poster) 394
Thompson, Llewellyn (‘Tommy’) 236, 304-5 Tibbets, Colonel Paul 470, 472 Tikhonov, Vyacheslav 44, 45,45 Time magazine 40,152, 229, 254, 288,512η Tito, Josep Broz 122,123-4,124η, 125, ι84 Titov, Gherman 276,280, 285 Tocqueville, Aleris de 1,124-5,159.15 9ո, 443,520 Tran Cong Than 441 Trend, Sir Burke 323 Troyanovsky, Oleg 155-6, 293, 297 Truman, Harry xiii, 172; all-out war, considers in diary entry (January 1952) 132-3; atomic bomb creation and 51,52-5, 93,100-1; Berlin blockade (1948-9) and in; Campaign of Truth’ 176; Churchill and 47-8, 51, 74, 92, 96, 97; CIA origins and 171; ‘containment’ policy 70-1, 82, 83-5; death 86; decision making processes / indecisiveness 55η, 86-92,173,177; domino theory and 98-9; freedom train and 186-7; ‘Harry Truman’ (Chicago) 86; Hiroshima/ Nagasaki bombings and 466-7; Kerman Long Telegram and 82; Korean War and 152-3,177; ‘Loyalty Order’ and 188; Molotov encounter (April 1945) 87-8; Novikov ‘long telegram’ and 74, 75; Operation Cancellation and 156; Potsdam Conference (1945) and 50-1, 53-4, 90-1; presidential election (1952) 176-7; psychological warfare and 156, 172,173,176,188; religious faith, on role of in Cold War 428; Roosevelt’s policy of accommodation, reverses 55; Stalin and 55, 91-2,134, 156; tough-talking decisiveness, creates bluff of 87-8, 90, 133, 155; Truman Doctrine 55, 55η, 70-i, 86, 98-9, 202; US Presidency, assumption of (1945) 48, 74, 89-90 Trump, Donald 8,553-4 Tucker, Robert 57,58-9, 60, 61, 65,161,167 Turkey 98,302,305,306 Tuskegee Study 346 Tversky, Amos 292, 321-2, 324 Tynan, Kenneth 323-4
X76 The War of Nerves UK 15-16; Berim blockade and 109-11; British Medical Association (BMA) The Medical Effects of Nuclear War report 329-30; conceptual conservatism in i5i;double agents and 35,357, 360-6; Foreign Office see Foreign Office, British; Gagarin visits 281-3; general election (1945) 51,52, 95, 96; Gorbachev visits (1984) 502-5, 503И, 504,504, 506, 507; Khrushchev visits (1956) 248-9, 252; ‘letter of last resort 467-8, 468η; peace movement in 325-6,328-31; psychological warfare, Soviet intelligence officials view British as unrivalled experts in 342-3; Second World War and see Second World War; secret service failure to foresee the end of communism 367-8; Stalin’s death/speculation on post-Stalin era and 153-5,158-9; Strath Report (1954) 310-12; Suez Crisis and 183-4, 292,304; wartime leader conferences and see Teheran Conference; Potsdam Conference and Yalta Conference. See aho individual prime minister name Ukraine 146,163, 345, 349, 526, 529,537, 551, 552 Ulbricht, Walter 127,125,250, 251,257, 260, 420 unconscious influencing 373 Underwater Detection Establishment (UDE), Portland 364 United Fruit Company (UFCO) 337-8 United Nations (UN) 38, 48, 99,127-8,127η, i8i, 183,184, 209, 228-9, 287, 291,394, 428, 438, 516, 538 United States Information Agency (USLA) 219, 219η Unthinkable, Operation 92-4 USA: arts in see individual art, artist and artwork name; atomic bomb, creation of 51, 52-5, 93, 98,100-1; atomic bomb, use of see Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Berlin and see Berlin; China and see China; civil defence 307-31,308,309,316, 320,321; conceptual conservatism
in 151; containment policy 70-1, 82, 83-5, 86,154,171,178, 296, 550; Cuba and see Cuba; cultural exchanges, East-West and 232-47,238; domino theory and 98-9, 437-9; Germany and see Germany; Khrushchev visits (1959) Γ26, 246-7, 249-5i, 252; Khrushchev s secret speech, publication of in 161; Korean War and see Korean War; Loyalty Order 188; ‘madman theory / presidential sanity and 2in, 2in, 480,481,482-94,554; Marshall Plan 82, 99-100,121,375; McCarthyism/ fear of communism within 155,176-7, 186-200,187, İ93, 201, 334, 379, 439, 552; military-industrial complex 151, 256, 351, 430; military spending/arms race and xii, 84-5,169, 244, 290, 291, 312,398, 409, 432, 484, 496-502,509,512,530-1,553; national psyche 1-6; NSC-68 policy paper ‘United States Objectives and Programs for National Security’ (1950) 84-5,129-30, 131,175-6,178,375; presidential election (1952) 158,176, 431; presidential election (i960) 251, 268,441; presidential election (1968) 482-3; presidential election (1972) 489-90; presidential election (1980) 495; presidential election (1984) 499-500; presidential election (1992) 537; presidential election (2016) 554; presidents see individual president name; psychological warfare and see psychological warfare and individual type/area of psychological warfare; religion and 10,11-12,11,422-5, 431-2; Second World War and see Second World War; space race and see space race; Stalin’s death, reaction to within 152-9; summits with USSR see individual summit, location and leader name; Truman Doctrine and 55, 55n, 70-1, 86, 98-9, 202; ‘victory’ in Cold War 533-4; wartime
leader conferences and see Teheran Conference; Potsdam Conference and Yalta Conference US Air Force (USAF) in, 227,302-3, 326, 378, 479; Doctrine 479-80 US Army: Ballistic Missile Agency 229; Biological Warfare Laboratories 213; Education and Information Division 113 ‘useful idiots’ 17,17И USSR. See Soviet Union (USSR) U-շ spy plane 251, 298, 475 V Vaculík, Ludvík: ‘Two Thousand Words’ 443-4, 445 Vandenberg, Arthur 98 Vanguard satellite, US 228-9,229, 231, 286 Vasiliev, Sergei 224
Index 577 Vienna Conference (1961) 251-7,234,256n, 287, 299, 439 Vietnam War (1955-75) 407,410, 437,438-42, 445, 447, 480, 482-3, 484֊5, 487-8, 489-90, 494 Vinogradov, Dr Vladimir 13Ć-7,138 Vogeler, Robert 204 Voice of Liberation 338 Voinovich, Vladimir 371 Volkogonov, Dmitry 123 Volkov, Solomon 142-3 Vorobyov; Eduard 447 Vostok spacecraft 226, 269, 272-3, 284 Vu Van Vinh 440 Vyshinsky, Andrei 99 Wilson, Woodrow 439 Winthrop, John 10 Wisner, Frank 183 Wolf, Christa 544,545,546-7,551; City of Angeh or, The Overcoat of Dr. Freud 547 Wolfe, Tom 216, 226, 278 Wolf, Markus 353, 355, 361-2, 366-7 Wolff, SS General Karl 43, 44 Wolter, Peter 460-1 World Congress of Partisans for Peace W Wałęsa, Lech 433-4, 519-20 Wallace, Mike 202-3,206 Wallstein, Hans-Joachim 385, 386 War Game, The (docudrama) 322-4 Warner, C. F. A.: ‘The Soviet Campaign Against this Country and Our Response to iť 77 War of Nerves: origins of, Berlin 104-5,106, no Warsaw Pact 180, 443,445,443,552,553 Warsaw University 442-3 Waterlow, Jon 400 Watkins, Peter 322 Webb, James 275 Wedge, Bryant 252 Welch, Joseph 200 Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of 351, Y Yakovlev; Alexander 245, 530 Yalta Conference (February, 1945) 16-17, 21η, 25, Зі, 33-43,3 í, 39, 4°n, 46, 48-50, 52, 53, 55, 67, 87, 92, 94, 95,105,145, 524 Yanayev, Gennadi Ivanovich 527 Yashchenko, Viktor 348 Yefimov, Boris: Satire in the Fightfor Peace 393 Yeltsin, Boris xiii, 145, 521, 527, 528-30, 531-2, 554 Wells, H. G. 17—18 Westad, Odd Arne 8 West, Louis Jolyon 206-7, 208 Whetstone, Tony 468 Whitman, Walt 9, 383 Whitney, Joel: Finks: How the CIA Tricked
the World’s Best Writers 374 Wild, Mercedes 115-16 Wills, Garry 483 Wilson, Sir Charles 23 (1949) 388, 408 World Peace Council 330, 429-30 Wu Herdan 205 Wylie, Philip: Generation of Vipers 210-11 Wynne, Greville 357,358 533, 535, 536-7, 538, 538n, 543, 549 Yerofeyev, Vladimir no Yevtushenko, Yevgeny 140-2, 405-ć, 410, 513; The Heirs of Stalin’ 141-2 You and the Atomic Bomb 313-14 Young Pioneers 149,149 Yudina, Maria 143-4 Yugoslavia 28, 29,122-4,123η, 124η, 383-4 Yurchak, Alexei 463, 464 Z Zagnivayushchii Zapad (‘decaying, rotting West’) 343 Zamoshkin, Alexander 392 Zhukov, General Georgy 54,162,163,169, 170,170Ո Zinoviev, Alexander 140 Zubok, Vladislav 318, 507η Zygar, Mikhail 553 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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Contents Preface 1. Individual or Collective - Two National Psyches 2. Two Nations; Two Missions 3. Kissing Stalin's Bum 4. Yalta and the Psychology of Betrayal 5. Potsdam and Paranoia 6. Stalin the Neurotic 7. The Long Telegrams 8. Threats and Mind Readers 9. War by Inadvertence 10. Trouble among Socialist Friends 11. Stalin’s Ghost - Memory, Fear and the Monster from the Grave 12. A Psychological Vacuum 13. The Secret Speech and the Psychology of the Crowd 14. Psychological Warfare 15. McCarthyism and Witch-Hunts 16. Brainwashing 17. Sputnik and the Psychology of Fear 18. The Kitchen: Competing Utopias 19. Bricks in the Wall 20. The Space Race 21. Brinkmanship 22. Duck and Cover 23. Disinformation 24. Double Agents, Double Dealing, Doublethink 25. Inventing the Enemy in Books and Film ix i 7 13 26 44 56 66 86 102 118 135 147 161 171 186 201 216 232 248 266 288 307 332 351 369
շ 6. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. Art, Posters and Jokes Music Religion Falling Dominoes They Took Away Your Mind ֊ Control through Silence The Psychology of the Front Line The Madman and Détente Reagan’s Epiphany The Wall Torn Down The Evil Empire is No More The Misuses of Memory Notes and Selected Bibliography Illustration Credits Index 387 403 422 436 450 466 482 495 515 526 540 555 556 558
INDEX Page references in italics indicate images. A Able Archer, NATO Operation 498-9 Abramov, Anatoly 222 accountability, individual 148, 466-81 Acheson, Dean 95, 96,128,176,338 Acuii, Roy: Advice to Joe' 406 Adelman, Kenneth 502 Adorno, Theodor: The Authoritarian Personality 167,168-9; ‘Freudian Theory and the Pattern of Fascist Propaganda’ 167-8 Afghanistan 549; Soviet invasion and occupation of (1979-89) Յ42, 420, 494 African Americans 205,334,346 AIDS 322,333,345,346-7,347η Aksyonov, Vasily 416 Albania 130-1 Aleksandrov, Grigori 382,383 Alexander I, Tsar of Russia 232-3 Alexander III, Tsar of Russia 118 Allen, Philip 319-20 Allen, Richard 495 Al-Qaeda 549 Altunin, General Alexander 318 American Army Pictorial Center 340 American Exhibition, Moscow (July 1959) 236-47,238 American Psychiatric Association 209; Diagnosticând Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-Щ 441; ‘Psychosocial Impact of Nuclear Advances’ (1982) 500 Ames, Aldrich 355 Anders, Günther 321; Burning Conscience 470-1, 472 Andropov, Yuri 477, 497 An Open Letter to the Party: Marxism Against Stalinism’ (Kuroń/Modzelewski) 442-Յ Antonov-Ovseyenko, Anton 59-60, 61 Antonov-Ovseyenko, Vladimir 59-60 Apollo programme 274-5, 280-1, 286-7 Aragon, Louis 387 Arbatov, Georgy 11-12,236,485-6,494, 551—2tt Árbenz, Jacobo 337-8 Arkhipov, Vasily 475, 476 Armia Krajowa (AK) 46-7 arms race/military spending xii, 84-5,169, 244, 290, 291,312,319, 398, 409, 432, 484, 496-502, 509, 512,515, 530-1,553 art. See individual art, artist and artwork name Atamanenko, Igor 126 Atomic Energy Commission 98,466 Atomic Weapons
Research Establishment, Aldermaston, march to (1958) 325 Attlee, Clement 52,77, 94,95 authoritarian personality 167-9 В Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan 267, 269 Baker, James 525,533 Ball, George 448-9 Barbie, Klaus 367 Barker, W 248-9 Barnes, Trevor 131 Barrett, Edward 375 Bassis, Henri 387 Bauman, Zygmunt 212-13 Bay of Pigs (1961) 255, 256, 269-70, 269-70n, 439 BBC xii, xiii, 126,131,145, i66n, 308,322-4, 325, 360-1, 414, 447,465, 48m, 505,538, 547Ո,552Ո Beaverbrook, Lord 22-3,359 Becker, Howard 197 Becker, Jurek 457 Behaviorism 207-8
Index behavioural psychology x, 373 Bekhterev, Vladimir 63 Belarus xi, 529 belief perseverance 150 Belkin, Aron 532 Belyayev, Pavel 285 Bentham, Jeremy 459 Berezhkov Valentin 20-1, 56 Beria, Levrenti 136,138,139,151,162-3,162η Berkner, Dr Lloyd 230 Berle, Adolf 338 Berlin 15, X04; airlift m, 114-17,250; Battle of (1945) 33, 92, 233; Berlin Wall see Berlin Wall; blockade (1948-9) 105,109-12,116, 121; British Foreign Office report, ‘Survey of Present Situation in Germany" (24 April 1946) outlines post-war situation in 106-7; Cuban missile crisis and 299-300; culture, divided Berlin as subject for 264; Deutsche Mark introduced in 109; Khrushchev and 250-1,252-4, 256,257, 257η, 258, 259-ćo, շ6ւ, 292, 299-300; Ostmark introduced in 109; propaganda battle over 112-17,112; Second World War and 15,33, 44, 51, 92,106-7, 233; stand-off/ Soviet and American tanks come face to face in (1961) 261-2,262, 288-9; War of Nerves begins in 104-5,106-7,108, 109-10 Berlin, Irving: ‘The Freedom Train' 186, i86n Berlin, Isaiah 428 Berlin Wall 250, 253-4, 257-65,259,260,26}, 461-2; brain hemispheres and 264-5, 264-5Ո; Checkpoint Charlie 260-1, 263-4; fall of 515,524-5,537,545; construction of, Operation Rose 258-9,259, 260-1, 420, 439; ‘Mauer im Kopf (‘wall in the mind") 263; Mauerkrankheit or wall disease 262-3; psychology of 262-5 ‘Bert the Turtle' (song) 307,308,308,310 Bessmertnykh, Alexander 512 Bevin, Ernest 77-8, 80,107-8,128 B-59 (Soviet Foxtrot-class nuclear submarine) 475-6 Biermann, Wolf 460 Bion, Wilfred 314, 317 Birt, Raymond: ‘Personality and Foreign Policy: The Case of Stalin’ 64-5
Biscuit (small plastic receptacle containing a set of nuclear codes) 467, 467η Bishop, Tony 503-4 559 Bittman, Ladislav 335-7,339 Blair, Bruce 467 Blake, George 362,365 Blunt, Anthony 363 Bochmann, Major Peter 263-4 Boghardt, Thomas 347,347η Bohlen, Charles E. 49,50, 66 Bolshakov Georgi 261 Bolsheviks 6,7,10,16,19,33, 48, 50,59, 78, 109, no, 137,163,166,169,191,192, 266,356, 370,382,397, 405,425,426, 492-3,509,518 Bonaparte, Napoleon 62-3, 232, 404, 414 Bondy, Curt Werner 417, 418 Borchardt, Karl-Heinz 465 Borman, Frank 280-1, 287 Boston Symphony Orchestra 374 Bowden, Herbert 323 Boyce, Christopher 360 Boyer, Dominic 545-6 Boym, Svedana 550-1 brain hemispheres 264-5,264-5Ո brainwashing 201-15 Brandt, Ernst-Michael 265 Brandt, Willy 486-7 Braun, Wernher von 229 Brecht, Bertolt: The Measures Taken 366-7 Brexit 451 Brezhnev, Leonid xii, 44, 238,238, 242η, 394, 4X6, 443, 446, 448, 478, 479, 485, 4*8, 493֊4, 496, 502, 506-7, 516-18, 534, 547 Brimelow, T. 248-9 brinkmanship in, 250, 288-306 British Communist Party 330, 363 British Medical Association (BMA): 'The Medical Effects of Nuclear War 329-30 Brodie, Bernard 289,378 Brodkey, Harold 195 Bronfenbrenner, Urie 296 Brooke, Sir Alan 93 Brown, Archie 503 Brubeck, Dave 421 Brzeziński, Zbigniew 477-8 B-29 bomber in, 129, 466 Budraitskis, Ilya 9 buffer states 98,100,121 Bukovsky, Vladimir 518 Bulganin, Nikolai 151,169,184, 221 Bulgaria 28, 95,100,130-1, 272, 443, 446, 446η Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 289, 324 Bullock, Alan 60; Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives 62-3 Bundy, McGeorge 298,500
560 The War of Nerves Burgess, Guy 35,360-1, 362, 363 Bush, George H. W 496, 522-3, 524-5, 526, 533-4, 535, 537, 542֊3 Buder, Rab 249 Byrnes, James 67, 74, 80,105; 'Speech of Hope՛ 105,172-3 C Cadogan, Alexander 15-16, 24, 41,362,363, 3634 Cairncross, John 363 Cambodia 494 Cambridge spies 35, 360-3 Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) 325-6,329-30 Camus, Albert 376-7; The Plague 377 Cancellation, Operation 156 Candy Bombers or Raisin Bombers 116 Caputo, Philip 438-9,440 Carey, George 365 Carroll, Jim 328 Carter, Jimmy 467η, 478,495 cartoons, political 393-8,395 Castle Bravo nuclear test, Bikini Atoll (1954), US 319-20 Castro, Fidel 269η, 270, 297,298,305, зоб, 307 catastrophisation 437 Catholic Church 195,431, 432 CBS 225,261,346 C-Company: 'The Battle Hymn of Lt. Calley’ 407 Central Intelligence Group, US 171 Chaadayey Pyotr 5,168 Chamberlain, Neville 18 Chambers, J. M. 314 Charney, David L. 356, 359 Chechnya 538, 549 Cheget (nuclear briefcase-based command and control system) 467 Chernenko, Konstantin 505 Chernyaev, Anatoly 512, 521, 523, 524, 526, 530 Cheyenne Mountain Complex, Colorado, US 477-8 Chicago Boys 535-6 China 125, 2Г0П, 474, 487, 553; brainwashing and 202-6; Brezhnev and 488; Chou En-Lai visits Moscow (1952) 132; Kissinger in (1971) 488; Korean War and 128, 202-6; Nixon visits (1972) 488-9; People's Republic of China, establishment of (1 October 1949) 125,189-90; Stalin and 125-7,128,131-3, 488 Chou En-Lai Г32, 488 'Christian Conscience and Weapons of Mass Destruction, The' (1950) (commission of the Federal Council of Churches) 431-2 Christopher, Warren 537
Chukovsky, Kornei: 'Tarakanishche’ (‘The Giant Cockroach') 144-5 Churchill, Winston 81; atomic bomb, creation of and 51,52-3, 93; bipolar disorder 22-3; Bolsheviks, hatred of 18-19; Clark Kerr's sketch of 27,27; disinformation and 106; Eisenhower and 155, 369-70; Fulton speech (‘The Sinews of Peace’) (1946) 48η, 82, 96-8, 428, 516, 541-2, 543, У4з; Hess affair and 16, 46; 'iron curtain’ term and 48, 48η; Khrushchev and 369-70; general election (1945) and 51, 52, 95, 96; mental fragility, alcohol abuse and medication, background of 22-3, 26-7; Moscow visit (1942) 18-25, -22, 26, 34; Moscow visit (1944) 28-9,34, 52; On the Beach, reaction to 369-70; Operation Unthinkable and 92-4; Potsdam Conference (1945) and 16, 51-3; Roosevelt and 19, 28, 29,30,34-9,36,50; schema thinking and 93-4; Stalin and 16-17,18-25, 22, 26, 27-32,34-6,36,37,38, 39,39, 40, 40Ո, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47-8, 50, 51, 52, 56, 65, 92, 93-4,134; Teheran Conference (1943) and 26-7, 28,29-32,56; Truman and 47-8,51, 74, 92, 96, 97; Wolff meeting and 43; Yalta Conference (1945) and 16-17, 21η, 25, 33-42, j6, 40Ո, 43, 48,50, 92, 94 CIA 8, 43f 494, 496, 544, 552; American expressionism and 391-2; Bay of Pigs and 256, 270; Berlin Wall and 262; black budget 375; brainwashing and 211-15; Congress for Cultural Freedom and 373; culture/arts and371-6,390, 391-2; Doctor Zhivago and 371-3; Doolittle Report ('Report on the Covert Activities of the Central Intelligence Agency’) 178-9,333; double agents and 354,355-6,357,358, 360,361; germ weapons development 346; Guatemala and 337-8; Hungarian Uprising and 181-4,185; independent
thinkers in 131; Khrushchev, psychological profile of 252, 255, 257, 299, 302; Khrushchev visit to US (1959) and 126; ‘kitchen debate’ and 238-40; Korean War and 130-1; Latin America, disinformation in 337-8, 339, 342,345, 346, 347; origins
Sói Index of iţi; Project Jigsaw and 131; Project МК-ULTRA mind control programme 213-15; Psychological Operations (PSYOP) 172,174,178-9,181-5, 213-15,339-41, 498; Psychological Strategy Board (PSB) 152, 153,156, 172, 428-9; Radio Free Europe (RFE) and 181-4,185; Reagan’s Soviet jokes and 398-9, 400; rock and roll and 417; Soviet atomic bomb programme and 128-9; space race and 221, 227-8; Stalin’s death and 152-3; Vietnam War and 442 Cichocka, Aleksandra 346 civil defence 307-31,308,309,316,320,321 civil rights movement 334, 408 Clapper, James 552 Clark, Tom 186,187-8 Clarke, Arthur C. 219 classical music 410-15,412. See aho individual artist and recording name Clawson, Ken 490-1 Clay, General Lucius 106,108-9, 260-1 Clement, Peter 399 Cliburn, Lavan ‘Van’ 413-14 Clinton, Bill 467η, 538, 538n, 541, 544 code languages 464 'Cognitive Perspectives on Foreign Policy’ (Tetlock/McGuire) 303 Colby, William 214 Cold War (1946-91): defining political concept of the time, established as 177; origins of 13-55; term ix-xn. War of Nerves, origins of 104-5,106, no. See also individual event, leader and nation name collapse thesis 210 Comecon (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance) 100,181 Cominform 122 Communist Party of the United States 189, 383-4 conceptual conservatism 150,151 confirmation bias x, 66, 72, 80,128, 250, 303 Congress for Cultural Freedom 373 Congress of People’s Deputies 521 Congress of Russian Neurologists and Psychologists 63 containment (US policy of limiting and countering Soviet threat) 70-1, 82, 83-5, 86,154,171, 178, 296, 550 Council on Foreign Relations 230
Council of Foreign Ministers 108,116 Counter Subversion Committee, UK 328 Cradock, Sir Percy 353, 367 Crimea, Russian annexation of (2014) 146, 345, 55° crowds, psychology of 167-9 Crutchfield, Richard 292 Cuba: Bay of Pigs (1961) 255, 256, 269-70, 269-70Ո, 439; Cuban missile crisis (1962) 201,289-306,307,356, 409, 475,478 Cultural and Scientific Congress for World Peace (1949) 411-13,412 cultural exchanges, East-West 235-47,238 Czechoslovak Communist Party 443,445, 449 D Daix, Pierre 387 Dalton, Hugh 18 dancing 216, 418-20 Danilevich, General Andrian 479 Danube, Operation 444-6,445,446, 448 Davies, John Paton 125 DDD (debility, dependency and dread), conditions of 206-7, 460 Decembrists 233, 414 DEFA (GDR state movie studio) 385,386 DEFCON 2 298, 476 Defense Department, US 205, 209, 290; Psychological Operations Divisions (PSYOP) 339-41, 498 Defense Personnel Security Research Center (PERSEREC) 354-5 de Gaulle, General 252, 253, 259 democratic centralism 2 Democratic Party, US 218, 288, 482 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) (North Korea) 127, 202 détente 154,155,157-8,169, 246, 250, 487, 493-4, 495 Deutsche Mark 109 Diddley, Bo: ‘Mr. Khrushchev’ 406 Diesing, Paul 295 disinformation 54, 69,106, 332-50,333,340 ‘disruptive-stress' hypothesis 303 Dixon, Sir Pierson 184 Djilas, Milovan 29,56,122-3 ‘Do the Russians Want War?' (song) 405-6 Dobrynin, Anatoly 299, 485, 487, 488, 489, 492, 507 Doganis, Sally 325 domino theory 98-9, 437-9 Dondero, George 391 Donetsk People’s Republic 551 Donlan, Charles 277
ļ62 The War of Nerves Doolittle Report ('Report on the Covert Activities of the Central Intelligence Agency) 178,333 Doomsday Clock 324 Dostoevsky, Fyodor 145; Demons 345, 345η double agents 353-68,359 Douglas, Karen 346 Drabkin, Yakov 116 Dresden, firebombing of (1945) 42-3 Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (film) xii, З77—8,379,383 Dubček, Alexander 443-4, 449 Dubinsky, Rostislav 411, 411И duck and cover xii, 307-9,308,309,325,377 Dulles, Allen 43, 44, no, 133,182-3, 211-12, 213, 270,344-5,373 Dulles, John Foster 154-5,157-8,183, 228, 288, 293,337, 338; 'Why We Will Soon Miss the Cold War 544 Dulles Plan 344-5 Dun, Bishop Angus 431 Duranty, Waiter 17, 57 Dylan, Bob 409,409И Dyson, Freeman 290 Open Skies' arrangement and 170; presidential election (1952) 154,177,431; Project Slammer and 354-6; psychological warfare and 177,183,192; space race and 217-18, 221, 227-8,230-1,274; Stalin’s death and 155-7; State of the Union address (1958) 231; Zhukov and 169,170 Elizabeth II, Queen 124, 272, 358 Encounter 375-6 enemy complex 58 enemy deprivation syndrome 551-2 enforced forgetting 449-50 Enola Gay 470 Epictetus 218, 263 Erikson, Erik 192-5, 418; Childhood and Society 194-5 Escalona, Sibylle 327 Estonia 520 European Union (EU) 451,537 Executive Order 9835, US 188 Explorer i satellite 229 F ‘face', linguistic psychology concept of 40-1 Facts about Fallout (public information film) 317 E East German Socialist Unity Party (SED): ‘Ten Commandments of Socialist Morality' 418 Eatherly, Claude 466, 470-2 Ecker, Ullrich 345,346-7 Eden, Anthony 18,31,
41, 46, 90, 92,158,184, 249, 292 Eden, Clarissa 292 Ehrenburg, Ilya 234, 241 Eichmann, Adolf 147, 470 Einstein, Albert 289, 289η Eisenhower, Dwight D. 288, 313; act tough, domestic pressure on to 155, 169-70; 'Chance for Peace' speech 157; Christianity and 431; Churchill and 155, 369-70; Doctor Zhivago and 373; domino theory and 437-8; East-West cultural exchanges and 235, 247; Geneva summit (1955) and 169-70; Guatemala and 338; Khrushchev visit to US (1959) and 247, 250-1; Korean War and 484; Massive Retaliation doctrine 290; McCarthy and 200; military-industrial complex, warns against 256; morality of Cold War, on 366; nuclear weapons and 133; fallout shelters ix, 308,319,409 Färber, I. E. 206-7, 208 Faslane, HMS Neptune base 468 FBI 188,189,196,338-9,380, 384, 408 Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA): 'Civil Defense Implications of the Psychological Impact and Morale Effect of Attacks on the People of the United States' 312-13,314 Federal Council of Churches 428, 431 Fedorenko, Nikolai 126 Feshbach, Seymour 326 film xii, 16, 44,102-3,10J, 123,123n, 133, 142,178,183,199, 201-2, 209, 264,322-4, 351.377-86, 420,495,510,545. See aho individualfihn and filmmaker name Fischer, Benjamin 498 Fischhoff, Baruch 88-9; ‘Hindsight * foresight’ 88, 89 Fitzpatrick, Sheila 245-6 Florovsky, Georges: ‘The Study of the Past’ 88, 89 Floyd, David 362 Foglesong, David 9-10 football, nuclear 467, 510 Ford Foundation 374
Index Ford, Gerald 214 Foreign Affairs 82, 500-1 Foreign Office, British 15, 24, 27η, 28, зі, 75-6, 77, юб-8, по, 153-4, 248, 282,363, 368,503 Forman, Miloš 454 Forrestal, James ιοο-ι Frank, Jerome D. 474-5 Frankfurt School 167 Free Europe Press 182,183 Freedom Train 186-7,187 French Communist Party 387 French Revolution (1789) 5-6 Freud, Sigmund x, 209, 314, 378, 423, 547; crowds, on psychology of 167-8; Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego 148; Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious 399-400, 401; Knox and 423-4; locked behaviour that militates against change, describes 501 Friedan, Betty: The Feminine Mystique 211 Friedman, Milton 535 Fröhlich, Paul 417-18 front line, psychology of 466-81 Fuchs, Jürgen 460, 460η Fulbright, Senator J. William 200 Fulbrook, Mary 457 Furman, Dmitry 516-17,518, 522, 532 G Gagarin, Yuri 269, 270-4,270,271, 276, 278, 279, 280, 281-2, 283, 285-6, 401; Road to the Cosmos 281 Galich, Alexander: ‘Night Watch’ 145 game theory non, 293-4, 295 Garment, Leonard 485 Gates, Robert 478, 544 Gates, Thomas 228 Gati, Charles 183 Gauck, Joachim 457 Gazzaniga, Michael 264-5 Gee, Ethel 364 Geisel, Theodor S. (Dr Seuss) 113 Geissler, Erhard 115 Gelb, Leslie 439, 497 Geneva Conference (1932) 289, 289η German Democratic Republic (GDR) 108, 109,127,127; Berlin airlift and 112-15; Berlin Wall collapse and 515, 524-5, 537, 545; Berlin Wall construction and 250-1, 257,258-9,259, 260,260, 261, 262-4; Brandt and 486-7; film in 385, J63 386,545; Ostalgia in 545-6; perestroika and 523-4,523η; Programme for the Accelerated Construction of Socialism 159;
Republikflucht (desertion of the Republic) 159, 250-1, 258-9, 2Ć0-1, 262-4; Stalin’s death and 159-ćo, 160,179; Stasi and atmosphere of paranoia in 258, 353, 402, 450, 456-7, 458-65,546-7,546η; Soviet Union dissolution and 545-6; 'unofficial collaborators’ (IMs) in 457; youth identity in 417,418,420 German Foreign Office 114 Germany 104; Berlin see Berlin; Federal Republic of Germany, formation of 116-17; GDR see German Democratic Republic (GDR); German unification, Stalin’s aim of 108,109; German-Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement (January 1941) 37; Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (August 1939) 16, 29,37, 67,114; partitioned 104-5; propaganda battle over Ш-16,112; reunification (1990) 545; Second World War and see Second World War; ‘Speech of Hope’ and 105; war-guilt (Vergangenheitsbelastung - the burden of the past) 545-6; war reparations 42, 55, 105-6 gestalt 89 Gilels, Emil 411, 413 Ginsberg, Allen 441 Girke, Dr Jochen 459 Gittinger, John 214, 215 glasnost 81, 245,348,520,532И Glazer, Tom 406-7 Glenn, John 274 Glinka, Mikhail: A Life [Laid Down]for the Tsar 404-5 Glover, Edward 311 Glushko, Valentin 226 Goldstein, Lyle 551 Goldstücken Eduard 448, 449 Goldwater, Barry 494 Golovanov, Yaroslav 226 Gomułka, Władysław 180 Good Bye Lenin! (film) 545 Gorbachev, Mikhail 145, 547; background 506; Berlin Wall and 515-16, 524-5; Bush and 522-3, 524-5, 526, 542-3; character, author’s impression of 506; conspiracy theories name as covert agent of West 345; coup (1991) and 145, 526-8; Fulton, Missouri speech (1992) 541-3,743; general
564 The War of Nerves secretary of СРЅЦ appointed (1985) 505-6, 516; glasnost and 81, 245, 520, 532η; INF Treaty, signs (1987) 512-13; Khrushchev's secret speech (1956) and 166; London visit (1984) 502-7,503η, yo4; Nobel Peace Prize 524-5Ո; perestroika and 367, 516-25, 523η, 524-5W, 52б֊7; Putin and 548, 549; Reagan and/US summit meetings 398-9, 421, 432-3, 505-6, 507-14, 507n, 510, 515-16; resignation 529-32, 533; United Nations, appearance at General Assembly (1988) 516; Yeltsin and 527-32 Gorbachev, Raisa 503,513η, 522,525,530 Gordievsky, Oleg 497-8 Gorky, Maxim 63, 415 Gottlieb, Sidney 214 Gouk, Arkady 330 Gower, Rear Admiral John 468-9,554 Great Soviet Encyclopaedia 421 Grechko, Georgy 223 Grechko, Marshal Andrei 476, 479 Greece 28, 52η, 98, 99,123 Greene, Graham 376 Greene, Hugh 323 Gribkov, Anatoly 261 Gromyko, Andrei 33, 87,132, 428,487,507 Grossman, Vasily 168 Grotewohl, Otto 109 Group for the Defence of Human Rights in the USSR 518 groupthink 314 GRU (Soviet foreign military intelligence) 261,356,357,360, 497 G7537 Guatemala 337-8 Guerrasio, John 301-2 Guevara, Che 270, 270n Guillory, Sean; 'A Genealogy of American Russophobia’ 9 H Hachinski, Vladimir 64 Haggard, Merle: 'Okie from Muskogee’ 407 Halbstarken (‘rocker’ or 'beatnik') riots 417 Haldeman, Bob 484, 492 Halper, Stefan 496-7 Hanhardt, Eva 328 Hanke, Helmut 385 Harlow, Harry 206-7, 208, 459 Harrinaan, Averell 21—2, 22, 252—3, 254 Harvard Project on the Soviet System 349-50, 400-1 Havel, Vaclav 454η, 543 Hawkins, Private David 202-3, 204-6 Hayden, Sterling 383-4 Hayter, William 31, 79-8Γ, no, 164,341
Hayward, Max 374 Heinrich, Gitta 263 Hering, Major Harold 480,481 Herr К (man who helped over fifty people escape East Berlin) 462 Herrmann, Katharina 546 Hersh, Seymour 214-15 Hess, Rudolf 16, 46 Hibbert, Sir Reginald 368 Hillenkoetter, Roscoe H. 129 hindsight: foresight and 88-9; Kahneman's 'system one thinking’ and 91 Hines, Barry 324 Hiroshima, Japan, atomic bombing of (August 1945) 54-5, 98,289,315,322,324, 326-7,376-7,422-5,466,469-72 Hitler, Adolf 18,19, 28, 29,37,51,55, 62, 67, 76, 97,101,103,105,114,121,148, 448, 535; Mein Kampf76,77 Ho Chi Minh 439,484 Hofstadter, Richard 197-8 Hohenschönhausen prison, Berlin 459-60, 460Ո Hollywood 178,183,199,379-80, 381, 383-5, 420, 495 Holocaust 147, 476 Holsti, Ole 304 Home Office, UK 3x9-20,322,329-30 homosexuality 191,198, 202, 210-11, 363, 363n Honecker, Erich 420,515,523,523η, 545 Hoover, J. Edgar 188,189,338-9,384 Hopkins, Harry 31 Horney, Karen 57; Neurosu and Human Growth 58 Houghton, Harry 364-5 House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) 189,199, 200, 208-9, 379~8o, 383, 384, 408 Howard, J. A. 329 Huitt, Corporal Janet 472 HUMINT (human intelligence) 352 humour/jokes 390,395-402,397n, 402 Humphrey Hubert 236-7 Hungary 28,100,124,131,160,179, 204, 204η, 272, 290, 431, 443, 446, 446η, 537; Revolution in (1956) 179,180-5,290, 437,523 Hunter, Edward 203, 208-9; Brain-Washing in Red China 203-4, 212-13
Index Hunter, John 317-18 Hurd, Douglas 330 Husák, Gustav 455 Hutschnecker, Dr Arnold 490 I Ignatenko, Vitaly 534-5 individual, accountability of 148, 466-81 inakomyslie (‘different thinking’/'independence of thought') 150,476 Infektion, Operation 332,333,346-7,347η INF Treaty (December 1987) 512 'In God We Trust’ (United States adopts as official national motto, 1956) 431 Institute for US and Canadian Studies (ISKRAN) 485-6 Institute of Medicine, US 327 intelligence gathering/ spies 351-68 Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) 218-19, 2-27, 274, 275, 479, 501-2 internally warring personalities 461 International Congress of Aviation and Space Medicine, Prague (1966) 277-8 International Geophysical Year (1GY) 217, 230 International Monetary Fund 537 Inter-regional Group of Deputies, Soviet 521 'Iron Curtain’ 48, 48n, 96-7, 516 Irvin, John Alan 356 Isktisstvo 392 Ivan the Terrible 2 Izvestiya 157, 271 J Jackson, Charles Douglas (C. D.) 157,177-8, 182 Jackson, Mick 324 James, William 452 Jameson, Donald 391, 392 Janis, Irving 314-15, 316 Japan 38,53,54-5. 98,101, 289,315,319.322. 324, 326-7,373, 376-7. 422-5, 439-40. 466, 469-72, 498 jazz 414-16, 421. See also individual artist and recording name Jefferson, Thomas 5-6 Jervis, Robert 95-6, 499; Perception and Misperception in International Politics 499 Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee 137 'Jewish Doctors’ Ploť (1953) 63,137-8,151 565 Jo-Jo La Colombe ('UncleJoe the Dove’) (poster) 394, 395,395 John Paul II, Pope 433-5,433, 543 John XXIII, Pope: ‘Pacem in Terris' 432 Johnson, Lyndon 218, 228, 275, 440, 442, 482-3 Johnson, Tom
530 Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC), UK311, 353,367-8 Jupiter missiles, US stationed in Turkey 302, 306 К Kahneman, Daniel 88,292,321-2,324,436, 544; Thinking, Fast and Slow 91, 92 Kalugin, Major General Oleg 245,365, 497 Kamanin, Nikolai 279-80, 283 Kapuściński, Ryszard 462-3; The Soccer War 456 Karamzin, Nikolai 168 Karasın, Grigory 14 Kassil, Lev 419 Kay, Ella 417 Keats, John: The Crack in the Picture Window 211 Keen, Sam 394-5 Keep America Committee 192,193,193 Kengir camp, Kazakhstan 163 Kennan, George 11, 50,133-4, 500; Long Telegram 66-72, 69,75,76-7, 82; psychological warfare, on 69-71, 75, 76-7,173-4,175; religious faith in Russia, on persistence of 10, 425-6; The Nuclear Delusion 501; 'The Sources of Soviet Conduct' ('X’) 82-5, 86, 541 Kennedy, John F. 10, 237η, 251-2, 290, 406; assassination 287; Bay of Pigs and 256, 269-70, 269-70Ո, 439; Berlin Wall and 259, 260, 261, 262, 439; Cuban missile crisis and 297-306,301η, 475η, 478-9; Khrushchev and 251-7,254, 257η, 287, 299, зоіп; Mutually Assured Destruction and 290-1, 29m, 324; Nixon and 237η; presidential election (i960) and 268; Smirnovsky’s psychological profile of 255-6; space race and 266, 268-9, 270, 271-2, 274, 275, 275л, 286-7; Vienna Conference (1961) 251-7, 214, 2.57η, 2.8τ, 299, 439; Vietnam War and 437-9, 440 Kennedy, Robert 255, 261, 442, 478-9 Kent, Bruce 330 Kerensky, Alexander 6
ļ66 The War of Nerves Kerr, Archibald Clark 19-20, 21,22,24, 26-7, 27, 27η, 46, 76, 90 Khariton, Yuli 55 Khasbulatov, Ruslan 536 Khrushchev, Nikita: arts and 370-1,372, 380-1,390-1, 413-14; Bay of Pigs and 270; Berlin Blockade, on 109; Berlin Wall and 250, 253-4, 257-8, 259-60, 261; ‘catch up with and overtake the United States’, identifies USSR mission to 8,234,246-7; childhood 163; ‘conviction decisions' 293, 299-300; Churchill and 369; Cuban missile crisis (October 1962) and 291-3, 297-300, 30m, 301-6; cultural exchanges, East-West and 235-47; Gagarin and 269, 270-4,270, 271, 281; Gomułka and 181; housing drive 244-5, 244η; Hungarian Revolution and 182,184,185, 437,523; hypersensitivity 237; Kennedy and 251-7,254, 287,299,30m; 'kitchen debate' (1959) xii, 237-42,238, 244,245,348; London visit (1956) 248-9, 252; Mao visit to Moscow (1949) and 125, 125η; military-industrial complex, views as controlling western decision-making 151,256; Nixon meets (1959) 236-44,238, 484; nuclear weapons strategy 291, 292-3; ‘Open Skies’ arrangement, reaction to 170,170η; ousted from power 485; past, unconscious influence of in decision making 292-3; psychological profile of, CIA’s 252, 255, 257, 299,302; ‘secret speech’ denouncing Stalin’s crimes ('On the Cult of Personality and its Consequences’) (1956) 142,161-2,163,164-9, i66n, 170,179, 180-1, 249, 380, 506; seven-year plan (1958) 244; space race and 220-2, 223, 226-7, 229, 230, 266, 268, 270, 271, 281-3, 286; Stalin forces to dance the Ukrainian gopak 136; Stalin's fear of US, on 75,152; Stalin’s loneliness, on 46; Stalin’s succession
and 151,162-9; Suez and 184; Thaw 142, 234, 245, 443, 506, 523; underdog mentality 299-300; US Peace Corps and 438; US visit (1959) 126, 246-7, 249-51, 252; Vienna Conference (1961) 251-7, 214, 287, 299 Khrushchev, Rada 151, 249-50 Khrushchev, Sergei 223, 227, 286, 299-300 Kievan Rus 3, յո Kim Il-Sung 127,128 Kinnock, Neil 504 Kissinger, Henry 2in, 72,303, 483, 484-5, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492 ‘Kitchen Debate' (1959) xii, 237-42,238, 244, 245,348 Kleemann, Christoph 402 Klíma, Ivan; Love and Garbage 464 Knox, Monsignor Ronald: ‘God and the Atom' 422-5, 427,466 Koch, Hagen 258 Koestier, Arthur 112-13 Koffka, Kurt 89 Kolb, Major Eugene 367 Kolmanovsky, Eduard 405-6 Komarov, Vladimir 285-6 Komsomol 196,276,415,464 Korean War (1950-3) 86,127-8,130,132,133, 151,176,177,326,349,389, 420,430,437, 460, 484; US POWs, brainwashing and 201-10, 210Я kormlenie (‘feeding’) system 2 Korolev, Natalia 227 Korolev, Sergei 220,221, 222-3,222, 226-7, 230,266, 267, 269,284,284η, 285 Kosovo 538 Kotkin, Stephen 464 Kovalev, Sergey 448 Kozlov, Alexei 242, 415 Krasilnikov, Major General Rem 342 Krätschell, Werner 515 Krauthammer, Charles 4, 543 Krech, David 292 Krokodil 397 Kronenwetter, Ralph 196 Kruk, Captain Mikhail 41-2 Kuboyama, Aikichi 319 Kubrick, Stanley xii, 377-8,379 Kukryniksy, The 393 Kundera, Milan 449; ‘The Tragedy of Central Europe’ 443 Kuomintang 132 Kurchatον, Igor 54 Kurochkin, Sergei: ‘Bring back Stalin!’ 146 Kuroń, Jacek 442-Յ Kuter, General Laurence 35 Kutuzov, Roman 536-7 Kuznetsov, Dr Oleg 277-8 L Laika (space dog) 266-8,267, 282 Laing, Hana 449 Laird, Melvin 484 Laos 494
Larionov, General Valentin 318-19 Lasky, Melvin 375-6
Index Lasswell, Harold: Psychopathology and Politics 174-5 Launius, Dr Roger 274-5,279 Lauristin, Marju 520 Lavender Scare 191,363η Leahy, Admiral William 171 Le Bon, Gustave: The Psychology of Crowds 167 le Carré, John (David Cornwell) 108,352, 353; The Spy Who Came infrom the Cold 366 Le Duc Tho 489-90 Lees-Milne, Alvilde 369-70 Lees-Milne, James 369-70 Legend of the White Cowl, The (mystical prophetic text) 10 Lehrer, Tom: ‘We Will All Go Together When We Go’ 410 LeMay, General Curtis 227, 302-3,378 Leningrad Affair 138 ‘Lenin Is Always With Us' (song) 403 Lenin, Vladimir xi, 6,10,11,17,17η, I9, 52, 75, 80,120,137,139,158,164,173,179,192,385, 393, 400, 403, 442, 446, 448, 463, 513, 516, 534,545 Leonov, Alexei 284-5, 284η, 285η Leonov, General Nikolai 493-4 Lermontov, Mikhail 25 Les Lettres Françaises 387 Letters without Signatures (radio programme) 465 Levesley, Senior Aircraftwoman Janet 473 Levitan, Yuri 139 Life magazine 315 Liiton, Robert 326, 327, 471, 472η Ligeti, György 262 Likert, Rensis 326 Likert Scale 326 Lilienthal, David 466 Litfin, Günter 260 Little Richard 216 Lloyd, Selwyn 311 Lodge Jr, Henry Cabot 209 Loeffler, Marion 523 Long Telegram, Kennan 66-72, 69, 75, 76-7, 82,178 Lord, Winston 483 loss aversion 436-7 Lovell, Professor Richard 23 Löwenthal, Leo: The Authoritarian Personality 167,168-9 Loyalty Order, US 188 Lozgachev, Pavel 138-9 S67 LSD 214 Lublin, Poland 38-9 Lubyanka Prison, Moscow 47,121,360 Lunghi, Hugh 24-5,35, 52 Lyne, Rod 505-6 Lyubimov, Colonel Mikhail 353 M Maaz, Hans-Joachim 456,461-2 Maclean, Donald 35,362, 363 Macmillan, Harold 16,
248,249, 256η, 259, 259«, շ8շ, 4II ‘madman theory’ 21η, 484-5, 554 Magomayev, Muslim: 'Atomny Vek’ ('The Atomic Age') 410 Maisky, Ivan 36-8 Major, John 530 Malenkov, Georgy 138-9,151,152-3, 154,155, 162,164,169 Malevich, Kazimir 392 managed democracy 2 Manchurian Candidate, The (film) 201-2,204 Manhattan Project 324 Mao Zedong 125-6,127,127,128,132,189,190, 203, 297, 488 Mansky, Vitaly 540,540η Marley, Greg 319 Marris, Peter 150 Marshall Plan 82, 99-100,121, 375 Marx, Karl 120,139,173,328, 439, 463; Communist Manifèsto 547 Marxism и, 37, 52, 68, 69, 73, 75, 76, 8о, 125, 164, 255, 373, 381, 442, 448, 5°5, 507, 5і6 mass hysteria 140,192-200,193,490 mass psychology 167,314 Mastný, Vojtech 353 Materna, Ingo 115 Matlock, Jack 508,522,525 ‘Mauer im Kopf ('wall in the mind’) 263 Mauerkrankheit (wall disease) 262-3 Maury, John 371 Mayakovsky, Vladimir 393 Mayer, Dr William E. 210 McCarthyism xii, 39,155,176-7,189,190-200, 201, 255,334,350,379, 439, 552 McCarthy, Joseph 155,176-7,190-200, 201, 334, 379, 439, 552; McCarthyism: The Fight for America 192 McNamara, Robert 303,304, 306, 440, 441, 442, 500 Mearsheimer, John 544 Meerloo, Joost 206
į68 The War of Nerves Meeting on the Elbe (Vstrecha na Elbe) (fílm) юг-з, 382-3 MH17 345 Mielke, Erich 456, 459 MI5 364 Mikhalkov, Nikita 345 Mikoyan, Anastas 136,137-8, 298,303 Milgram, Stanley: ‘Behavioral Study of Obedience' 147-50,447 military-industrial complex, US 151,256, 351,430 Miller, Arthur 246,411,413; The Crucible 198-200 Milley, General Mark 554 Milosz, Czeslaw: The Captive Mind 452-4 MI6 354.357, Յ58, 362-Յ, 365 Mister Twister (Soviet cartoon character) 397 Modern Woman: The Lost Sex (Lundberg and Farnham) 211 Modzelewski, Karel 442-3 Moiseyev, Igor 245Ո, 419-20 Mokrinski, Mikhail 469-70 Moller, Anita 263 Moloney, Dr J. C. 209-10 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (August 1939) 16, 29, 37, 67, Π4 Molotov, Vyacheslav 15,16, 24,54,75, 80, 87, 88, 92, 95,109-10,114,136,137-8,138η, ui, іб2, ւ6շո,164 Momism 210-11 Mongols յո, 5, ι68, 493 Moran, Lord 22,23 Morozov, Pavlik 196 Morris, Edmund 508-9 Morrison, Herbert 362 Morris-Young, Amy 308, 309-10 Moscow, Napoleon captures (1812) 232, 414 Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals (MPA) 380,383 'motivated irrationality phenomena’ 179-80 Müller-Hegemann, Dietfried 262-3 Munich Security Conference (2007) 549-50 Murray, Don 472 Murrow, Edward R. 225 Museum of Modern Art, New York 391-2 music 403-21. See aho individual artist and recording name Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) 290-1,291, 29m, 324,501 My Perestroika (documentary). 452 Myasnikov, Dr Alexander 64 myths/myth-making, psychology of 118-34, u9,127 N Nabokov, Nicolas 412,413 Nagasaki, Japan, atomic bombing of (August 1945) 98,
289,315,324,326,422-Յ, 425, 466,469-70 Nagy, Imre 180,181 Naiden, Vladimir 116 narcissism 57, 62-3,126,167,168 NASA 2Ć6,274-5,277,278-9, 280 Nasser, Gamal 183,184 National Aeronautics and Space Council, US 230, 266 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) 408 National Security Council, US no-11,129, 156,173,182,205, 231, 235,266,303,478,485, 508; Memorandum of Discussion at a Special Meeting of the National Security Council on Tuesday, March 311953 133; NSC-68 ('United States Objectives and Programs for National Security’) (1950) 84-5,129-30,131,175-6,178,375; NSC 5814/1 (directive establishing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 2,66 National Student Association (NSA), US 375 Neff, Ondřej 447-8 Neptune, Operation 336-7 Neuendorf, Ulrike 462 Neues Deutschland 160 neurosis 56-65, 211 Nevsky, Alexander 145 Newsweek 202, 228 New York Times 17,17η, 57, ոշ-із, i6i, 214, 228, 268,295,328,338,375,384,387,477 Nguyen Duy 441 Niebuhr, Reinhold 427 Nikolai, Metropolitan 426-7, 429-3° 9/11549 Nitze, Paul 129-30,176 Nixon, Richard 182, 237n, 280; China visit (1972) 488-9, 490; détente and 487, 493-4; Dobrynin and 487-8, 489, 492; Hungarian Revolution and 184; impeachment 482; Khrushchev meeting/ 'kitchen debate’ (1959) xii, 236-44,238,484; Kissinger and 483, 484-5, 492; 'madman theory’ and 21 n, 484-5, 554; Moscow visit (1972) 489, 490; neurotic symptoms 490-1; presidential
Index election (i960) and 268; presidential election (1968) and 482-3; presidential election (1972) and 489-90; psychoanalysis 490-1; resigns from presidency 86, 491-2; sanity/psychology of, nuclear power of US and 480, 481, 482-94; self-analysis 490-1; Soviet 'Spartan' toughness, empathy for 493; Vietnam War and 482-3, 484-5, 487-8, 489-90 Nobel Prize non, 226-7, 293,372, 524n Normanbrook, Lord 323 North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) 477 North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) 154,169,180,181, 343, 394, 417, 522, 525, 537-8, 550; formation of 116-17; Operation Able Archer 498-9 nostalgia, Cold War xiii, 541, 542,442, 544-8, 550-1, 550n Novikov; Nikolai: 'long telegram' 72-5,178 Nowa Sztuka ('New Art’) 389-90 NSC-68 (роИсу paper), ‘United States Objectives and Programs for National Security’ (1950) 84-5,129-30,131,175-6, 178, 375 nuclear weapons: accountability, individual and 466-81; atomic bomb, creation of Soviet 100-1,117,129,153, 249; atomic bomb, creation of US 51, 52-5, 93, 98, 100-1; B-59 (Soviet Foxtrot-class nuclear submarine) 475-6; Biscuit (small plastic receptacle containing a set of nuclear codes) 467; brinkmanship and see brinkmanship; Brzeziński and front line of 477-8; Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists and 289, 324; bunkers 308, 311, 315, 319, 467, 473; Castle Bravo test, Bikini Atoll (1954), US 319-20; Cheget nuclear briefcase-based command and control system, USSR 467; Cheyenne Mountain Complex, Colorado 477-8; Chinese press Stalin to use atomic bomb on US 132; civil defence and see civil defence; Cuban missile crisis and see Cuban missile
crisis; deterrence doctrine 158, 288, 289-90, 294, 295, 296, 376, 495, 501, 511; Doomsday Clock 324; duck and cover xii, 307-9,308,309, 325, 377; Eisenhower raises question of atomic bomb use in Korean war (1953) 133; Facts about Fallout (public information film) 317; football, nuclear 467,510; front line 466-81; Hiroshima 569 and Nagasaki bombings see Hiroshima and Nagasaki; human factor, importance of the 476-9; inakomyslie ('different thinking’ or 'independence of thought') and 476; Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) 218-19, 227, 274, 275, 479, 501-2; ‘letter of last resort’, British 467-8, 468η; ‘madman theory' and 21n, 484-5, 554; Massive Retaliation doctrine 290; Mokrinski test drops 469, 469η; Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) 290-1, 291, 324,501; peace movement 312,324-31,334; Personnel Reliability Program (PRP) 479; Polaris 467-9, 473; Promethean Gap and 321; psychological effects of threat of nuclear war 307-31; public calm, authorities’ mendacity in efforts to maintain 314-15; Reagan’s arms spending and 496-502; religious leaders and 422-5, 427, 466; sanity of leaders and 21η, ą8o, 481, 482-94, 554; Serpukhov-15 missile alert centre detects missiles heading for USSR (1983) 477; Stimson suggests sharing US atomic bomb secrets with Russians 100-1; Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) (‘Star Wars’) 501-2, 510-11; television and threat of 321-5; Truman considers all-out war (January 1952) 132-3; Trump and 553-4; You and the Atomic Bomb 313-14 nudge theory 373,373η О Obama, Barack 3 obedience, psychological levers of 147-50 Observer 323-4 obsessive compulsive
disorder (OCD) 501 O’Donnell, Kenneth 252 Office of Civil Defense, US 317 Office of Research and Evaluation (ORE), US 129 Okudzhava, Bulat: ‘The Black Cat’ 144,144η Oldfield, Maurice 357-8 Olson, Eric 215 Olson, Frank 214-15 Olson, Nils 215 ‘only obeying orders’, defence of (Befehl ist Befehl) 147, 470 ‘Open Skies' arrangement 170 operative psychology 458-9 Oppenheimer, J. Robert 466 Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) 538
m The War of Nerves Orlov, Vadim 475 Orthodox Church, Russian 10,120,143,271, 423, 425-7, 429, 430-1 Orwell, George ix-xn, 188; Nineteen EightyFour 464 Osgood, Kenneth 174-5 OSS (Office of Strategic Services) 43,203, 383 Ostalgie 545-6 Ostpolitik 486-7 Ota, Yoko 471 P Paix et Liberté 394 Paramount Pictures 186,384 paranoia: East German atmosphere of 456, 457,459,462,463; nuclear weapons and 308,329,331; Stalin's 30, 46,52,54,58, 61-2, 63,64, 65, 94,124,136,137,151,170,171; US fear of communism and 176,188,189,193, 197-9, 201, 218, 378, 379, 383, 442, 482, 489, 490, 492 Paris: Battle of (1814) 232; Peace Conference (1946) 95 Paris Review 374 Parker, Sir Michael 473 past, unconscious influence of in decision making 292-3 Pasternak, Boris 370, 371-3, 513; Doctor Zhivago 371-3,374 Pasternak, Yevgeny 370,372 Pavlov, Andrei 520 Pavlovian response 207, 212, 307 Pavlov, Vladimir 20 Peace Corps, US 438, 441 peak-end rule 544 Pearl Harbor attack (1941) 15, 229 Pechatnov, Vladimir 15,34-5, 81-2 Pechini, Patrizia: 'Philosophy of SelfDeception 179-80 Pelosi, Nancy 554 Pendergast, Tom 'Boss’ 91-2 Penkovsky, Oleg 356-60, 379,365, 419 Pentagon, US 106,178,332,333, 439 Pepsi-Cola 242, 242η 'perceived external locus of control' 410 personality, cult of 14,57-8,118-24, Ա9, 133-4,138-46,161,164-9,170,180,387 personal psychology, policy-making and reliance on 16-25, 22, 26-8,27 Personnel Reliability Program (PRP) 479 Peters, Uwe 462 Peterson, Frederick 313 Petrov, Lt Col. Stanislav 477 Peurifoy, John 338 Philby, Kim 360, 361,363, 365 Philippines 174,174 Picasso, Pablo 376,387-9,388n, 394 Pick,
Daniel 211 Pieck, Wilhelm 109 Pinay, Antoine 250 PINCHER (Pentagon Joint Outline War Plan, 1946) 106 Pipes, Richard 495 Pithart, Petr 444, 449 Pletnev, Dmitry 63 Plyushch, Leonid 518 Poland xi, 37,93-4, 95,105; An Open Letter to the Party: Marxism Against Stalinism’ (Kuroń and Modzelewski) 442-3; brainwashing in 213; Gagarin visits 401; German-Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement (January 1941) and 37; Gomułka comes to power 179,180,181, 184; Marshall Plan and 99-100; MolotovRibbentrop Pact and 114; NATO and 537; Prague Spring and 443; religion in 431, 433-5,434,543; Solidarity (Solidarność) 431, 433-5, 519-20,522-3; Stalin remarks on difficulty of introducing communism into 121; Stalin orders arrest of Armia Krajowa (AK) leaders 46-7; Truman and 87; Yalta Conference and 38-40,40η, 48, 92,105 Polaris 467-8, 473 Popiełuszko, Father Jerzy 431, 433 Popov, Gavriil 521,534 Popovich, Pavel 226 Pospelov, Pyotr 163,164 posters, political 393-7,393 Post-Traumatic Embitterment Disorder (PTED) 548-9 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 441, 462, 548 Potsdam Conference (July 1945) 16, 50-5, 52η, 67, 90-1, 95, Ю5 Powell, Charles 367-8,503, 503И Powers, Gary 261 Prague Spring (1968) xi, 414, 443-50,443,446, 455, 488 Pravda 63, 97,157, 223,224, 247, 281,286,305, 332, 405, 415, 419, 444-5, 448, 480-m preconception, policy-making and 8, 66, 72, 80, 82, 95-6, m, 131,352-3, 430, 504, 511
Index Presley, Elvis 416, 420 Primakov, Yevgeny 347 Prisoner of War (film) 209 Project Jigsaw 131 Project Slammer 354-6 Promethean Gap 321 Pronina, Natalya 541 propaganda: arts and see individual art, artist and artwork name; Berlin, post war propaganda battle over influence in II2-Í7,112; black 156,335-6,338,342, 344; brainwashing see brainwashing; disinformation see disinformation; etymology 335; Germany, post-war and 112-15,112; ‘non-white' populations and Soviet 334; psychological warfare see psychological warfare; religion and 427, 430; Soviet Post War Outlook 67-8; Soviet wartime 30; space race and 219, 220, 224, 227, 228, 230, 231, 283-4, 2.86; Stalin’s cult of personality and see Stalin; Stalin’s death and US 156-60 ‘protest’ music 409-10. See abo individual artist and recording name Psychological Strategy Board (PSB), US 152, 153,156,172, 428-9 psychological warfare 69,104,114,129,151, 153,157,160,171-85,174.192, ЗІЗ, 334, ՅՅ8, 339-40,340,342,375, 393-4, 399, 417· See abo individmi type/area of psychological warfare Psychological Warfare School, Fort Bragg 334 psychopathic qualities 61-2 Pushkin, Alexander 145, 276, 392 Putin, Vladimir xiii, 2, 4,118,145,283η, 345, 351, 352, 538, 539, 540-1, 540Ո, 547-51, 547η, ՏՔ. 552-4, 552Ո R Rabinowitch, Eugene 324 Radio Free Europe (RFE) 178,181-3 Radishchev, Alexander 168 Ramparts 375-6 Rancour-Laferriere, Daniel 56-7, 65 RAND Corporation 314, 378 Rataizick, Siegfried 460 rational choice, decision-making and 94 Reagan, Ronald xiii, 10,384, 420, 432-3, 495-515,525; arms spending 496-502; backchannel of negotiation opened with
the Kremlin 502; Bush replaces 522; Cold War strategy 495-502; 'evil empire’, denounces ՏՈ Soviet Union as an (1983) 476-7, 498-9; FBI collaborator 384; film career 209, 380; Gorbachev and/ summit meetings with 398-9,400, 421, 432-3,505,507-14, yio, 526; INF Treaty, signs (1987) 512-13; jokes at Moscow summit (1988) 398-9, 400; Mutually Assured Destruction, dislikes idea of 501; obsessive compulsive disorder and 501; Operation Able Archer and 498-9; presidential campaign (1980) 495; presidential campaign (1984) 499-500; religion and 432-3,501; Soviet fear of America, problems grasping concept of 497, 498, 499; Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)/‘Star Wars' and 501-2, 510-11; ‘Tear down this wall!' demand 515; Thatcher and 502-3, 505, 511, 511-12П; US joint chiefs of staff, first briefing by 496 realpolitik 57,487 Red Army 15, 20,33, 40, 43, 44, 51, 92, 93, 98, 102,103,105, in, 121,163,176, 233,319, 403, 404-5, 414. See abo individmi battle and commander name Red Scare 191,198, 439. See abo McCarthyism Reed, Dean 420 Reed, Prescott: 'Russia, Russia (Lay that Missile Down)’ 406-7 religion 10-11,11, 271,370, 389, 406, 422-35, 434, 466 Republic of Korea 127 Republican Party, US 154,158,177,190, 218, 268,376, 391, 406, 483, 553-4 Reuter, Ernst in-12 Revue um Mitternacht (film) 386 Roberts, Geoffrey 87 Roberts, Sir Frank 49-50, 76-7, 78,116-17, 257-8 Robertson, 2nd Lieutenant William 102,103, 103, n7 Robeson, Paul 407-9, 408n Robison, Carson: ‘I’m No Communist’ 406 rock and roll music 416-20. See abo individual artist and recording mme Rockefeller, Nelson 391-2, 483 Romania xi,
28, 95,100,131,180 Ronald, Sir Nigel 77 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 10, 49, 51, 74,195; accommodation policy 50, 55, 86, 88; Churchill and 19, 28, 29,30, 34-9,36, 50; death 48-9, 52, 87, 89; Pearl Harbor, reaction to 15; posthumous reputation 48-50; religious revival in Soviet Union,
572 The War of Nerves hopes for io, 425; Stalin and 16-17, 28, 29, ЗО, 31-2,34-9,36, 43, 49-50, 50n, 56, 65; Teheran Conference (1943) and 29, 30, 31-2, 56; Wolff meeting and 43; Yalta Conference (1945) and 16-17,31,34-9,36, 43, 48, 49-50, 50n, 56 Rosenthal, Arkady 126 Rose, Operation (construction of Berlin Wall) 258-9,2J9, 260-1 Rostropovich, Mstislav 411, 414 Rozanov; Vasily 48« R-7 rocket 218-19, 269 Ruff, Dr George 277-8 Rusk, Dean 303-4 Russayev, Venyamin 285-6 Russell, Bertrand 293, 325-6, 472 Russia: authoritarian rule, acceptance of within 2, 3-4, 5, 6,14,168, 539; Civil War (1918-20) 16,18,19, 60,356; Constituent Assembly, dissolution of (1917) 6; Crimea annexation (2014) 146,345, 550; Decembrists 233, 414; democratic centralism 2; démocratisation process, reversal of (2000-10) 539; February Revolution (1917) 6,168; karmienie ('feeding') system 2; managed democracy 2; Mongol occupations 5,168, 493; Moscow, Napoleon captures (1812) 232; national psyche 2-6; October Revolution (1917) 6, 48n, 191, 281, 371; Paris, Battle of (1814) 232; Putin and see Putin, Vladimir; revolt of deputies (1993) 536-7,536; shock therapy, post-Soviet economic 535-6; Soviet national anthem revived in 540; Stalin, nostalgia for within modern 542,142; western insensitivity towards, claims of 14-15, 533-4; western support for post-Soviet, lack of 537-8; Yeltsin and Gorbachev widely reviled modern 538 Russophobia 8-9, 552 RYaN, Operation 497 Ryzhkov, Nikolai 526 S Sakharov, Andrei 466, 521 Salguero, Carlos 327 Salisbury, Lord 158-9 sanity, presidential 21η, 480, 481, 482-94, 554 Sargent, Sir
Harold Orme Garton 75-6 Saunders, Frances Stonor 373,392 Savitsky, Captain Valentin 475-6 Schabowski, Günter 523-4 Schelling, Thomas: The Strategy of Conflict non, 288-9, 293-4, 295, 484 schema theory 89, 91, 93-4, 95 Schlesinger, Arthur 50,173, 439 Schneider, Peter 464; The WallJumper 264 Schneider, William 498 Schröder, Karin 385 Schumann, Konrad 262 Schwäble, Colonel Frank 206-8 ֊ Scott-Heron, Gil: 'Whitey on the Moon' 274, 406η Scowcroft, Brent 537 Second World War (1939-45) ix, 7-8, 9,13, 14,15,16,44, 45,53,55, 66,92,104,120-1, 145,147,189,233, 239, 278, 283, 289,317,319, 344, 380,383,388, 403, 404, 426, 433,535; Allies attempt to reach separate peace with Germans, Soviet suspicions over 16, 43, 44-5, 46; atomic bomb created during 51, 52-5; atomic bomb, use of see Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Berlin, Battle of (1945) 92,233; Blitz 311; Churchill wartime visits to Moscow 18-25,22, 26, 28-9, 34, 52; Dresden firebombing (1945) 42-3; Elbe River, meeting of Soviet and American troops on (April 1945) Γ02-4,103,382-3; German war-guilt (Vergangenheitsbehistung - the burden of the past) 545-6; German war reparations 42, 55,105-6; German invasion of Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa) (1941) 19, 29,37, 479, 492-3; Holocaust 147, 476; leader conferences during see Teheran Conference; Potsdam Conference and Yalta Conference; Leningrad siege (1941-4) 405; MolotovRibbentrop Pact (1939) 16, 29,37, 67,114; Nuremberg war trials (1945-6) 147; ‘only obeying orders' defence (Befehl ist Befehl) 147,470; outbreak of 55; Pearl Harbor attack (1941) 15, 229; post-war years, hopes for peace and
cooperation in 102-17,103; second front, Stalin dwells on Western Allies’ failure to open when USSR had been in danger of defeat 15, 20; suffering endured by Soviets in, Stalin’s belief that West should recognise 15; VE (Victory in Europe) Day 47 Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), British 357, 362 Secret Mission (film) 16 Ségur, Comte de 232 self-censorship 454
Index Semichastny, Vladimir 234 Senate Aeronautical and Space Sciences Committee, US 274 Serbia 538 Sergeev, Rostislav 34, 42-3 Service, John 190 Service, Robert: The End of the Cold War, 1985-199113-Ї4 Seventeen Moments of Spring (film) 44-5,45, 344 Shabarov, Yevgeny 267 Sharansky, Natan 504, 543 Sheehan, Neil 440 Shelest, Petr 445 Shevardnadze, Eduard 345 Shield and the Sword, The (film) 351 Shlapentokh, Vladimir 401, 40m, 457-8 Shmelev, Boris 447 shock therapy 535-6 Short, Philip 126 Shostakovich, Dmitri 142-3, 244, 382-3, 405; Antiformalisticheskiy Rayok 407; Cheryomushki 244; Cultural and Scientific Congress for World Peace, New York, attends (1949) 411-13,412; Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District 405; Leningrad Symphony 410-11; Seventh Symphony 405 show trials 124,137-8 Shultz, George 421, 499 Shute, Nevil: On the Beach 369-70,376, 377 Sidey, Hugh 254-5 SIGINT (Signals Intelligence) 352 silence, control and 450-65 Silvashko, Lieutenant Alexander 102-3,103, 117 Šimečka, Milan: The Restoration of Order: The Normalization of Czechoslovakia 449-50, 455 Simon, Herbert 94 Simonov, Konstantin: The Living and the Dead 104; The Smoke of the Fatherland 104; ‘Wait for Me' 233 Simonov, Vladimir 521 Skinner, B. E 207-8 ‘sluggish schizophrenia' 517-18 Smirnoff, Yakov 397, 397η Smirnovsky, Mikhail 255, 256 Snezhnevsky, Andrei 517 Snyder, Glenn 295 Sobell, Vlad 450-2, 454-5 ‘society of niches' ÇNischengesellschaft’) 461 sociopathy 61-2,135 573 Solidarity (Solidarność) 431,433-5,519-20, 522-3 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr 163, 525η Sorensen, Ted 478 Souers, Rear Admiral Sidney 171 Soviet
Citizen: Daily Life in a Totalitarian Society, The (Harvard) 349-50 Soviet Communist Party 153,165,169, 242, 528,534-5; Central Committee 162,163, 169, 223,271,343,381,417,526; Central Committee Department of Propaganda and Agitation (Agitprop) 343,381-2; Cominform and 122; dissolution of (1991) 538,541; Party Congress, Nineteenth (1952) 137-8; Party Congress, Twentieth (1956) 142,161-2,163,164-9,166η, 170,179, 180-1, 249, 380, 506; Presidium 151,152, 162η, 221, 297, 298, 301Ո Soviet Peace Committee 429-30 Soviet Union (USSR): arts in see individual art, artist and artwork name; atomic bomb, reaction to US creation of 53-4, 98; atomic bomb, development of too, 117, 129,153 see aho nuclear weapons; Berlin and see Berlin; buffer states 98,100,121; Churchill visits see Churchill, Winston; civil defence 307-31,308,309,316,320,321; conceptual conservatism in 151; coup in (1991) 145, 527-8, 52711, 537, 538; Cuban missile crisis (October 1962) and see Cuban missile crisis; cultural exchanges, East-West and 232-47,238; détente and 493-4, 495; dissolution of (1991) ix, xiixiii, 14,145, 526-39,336; double agents 351-68,359; glasnost 81, 245,348, 520, 532η; housing shortages in 244-5, 244η; Korean War and see Korean War; leaders of see individual leader name; member states, relationship between see individual state name; military spending/arms race and xii, 84-5,169, 244, 290, 291, 312,319, 398, 409, 432, 484, 496-502, 509, 512,515,530-1, 553; national psyche 1-6; Nixon visits see Nixon, Richard; nuclear weapons and see nuclear weapons; perestroika 103, 452, 514, 516-25, 526, 527, 528
see aho Gorbachev, Mikhail; psychological warfare and see psychological warfare and individual type/ area of psychological warfare; religion in 425-35,435; Second World War and see Second World War; space race and see space race; summits with US see individual
574 The War of Nerves leader and summit location name; wartime leader conferences and see Teheran Conference; Potsdam Conference and Yalta Conference Soviet Women’s Organization 283 Soviet Writers’ Union 370 Soyuz crafts 285-6 space race 216-32, an, 221,229, 266-87, 267, 270,271,273· See also individual astronaut and spacecraft name Special Operations Division, Fort Detrick, US 346 Spender, Stephen 37Ć Speransky, Mikhail 168 Sperry, Roger 264-5, 264-5Ո Spokesmen, The: 'Dawn of Correction’ 407 Sputnik xi, 216-31,222,223η, 22ļ, շ66,2б7 Sputnik-շ 266-8,267 Stalin, Joseph 8; appearance 56,118; Armia Krajowa (AK), orders arrest of leaders 46-7; arts and 370,380-1,387-8,405,407; atomic bomb, informed of US creation of 53-4, 98,100-1; autopsy 64; belief perseverance/conceptual conservatism and 150-1; Berlin blockade/airlift and 109, no, 116,121, 250; childhood 59-60, China and 125-7, 128, іЗі-З, 488; Churchill and 16-17,18-25,22,26,27-32, 61; 34-6,36,37,38,39,39,40, 40Ո, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47-8, 50, 51, 52, 56, 65, 92, 93-4, 97-8,134 see abo Churchill, Winston; Cold War, views West as responsible for 14; criticism, ‘violent reaction’ to 63; 'cult of personality’ 14,57-8, 118-24, «9, 133-4,135,138-46, ići, 165-9, 170,180,387; death 64, 79,135,138-42, 150-9, 387; Decembrism, fears new 233; de-Stalinisation within Soviet Union after death, process of 135-70; Jewish Doctors’ Plot (1953) and 63-4,136-8,151; 'enemy complex’ 58; foreign leaders/ foreigners, inherent distrust of 29,32-3, 52, 60,151; Fulton speech, reaction to Churchill's 97-8; funeral 140-1; German unification, announces aim
of 108, 109; heart attack (1945) 136; Hess affair, suspicions concerning 16, 46; images of, population bombarded with 118-19, 119; Khrushchev and see Khrushchev, Nikita; Korean War and 127-8; Kratkaia Biografiin (official biography) 58,59; Leningrad Affair and Г38; loneliness 135-6; manipulation of others 17-25; memory loss 136-7; Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (August 1939) and 16,114; movies, love of 380-1; neurotic personality 56-65; Nineteenth Party Congress (1952) and 137-8; Novikov’s ‘long telegram’ and 75; obedience, psychological levers of and 147-50; paranoia 46,52,54, 58, 61-2, 63, 64, 65, 94,124,136,137,151,170; Picasso’s portrait of 387-8; Poland, on introducing communism tato 121; psychological flaws, roots of 59-60; psychological health, foreign policy and 64-5; psychological isolation 46; psychopathic qualities 61-3; Putin and 118,145, 553; religion and 426-8; mausoleum, removed from (1961) 142; retribution against those who questioned the infallibility of the Soviet state 124-5; secondary narcissism 62-3; Second World War, belief that West should recognise suffering endured by Soviets in 15; Second World War, dwells on Western Allies' failure to open second front when USSR was in danger of defeat 15, 20; Second World War, suspicions over Allies attempt to reach separate peace with Germans in 16,43, 44-5, 46; ‘secret speech’, Khrushchev denounces crimes in ('On the Cult of Personality and its Consequences’) (1956) 142,161-2, 163,164-9,166n, 170,179,180-1, 249,380, 506; satellite states, relations with see individual state name; seventieth birthday celebrations
119,127,127; Shostakovich and 142-3, 405, 407; 'shown up’, fear of being 63; ‘socialism in one country’ policy 7; sociopathy 61-2,135; statues dismantled 142; succession in Soviet leadership after death 151,162-9; temper 61; Truman and 91-2; US invasion, fear of 75,152; wartime leader conferences and see Teheran Conference; Potsdam Conference and Yalta Conference; Yeltsin years, becomes icon of protest against capitalism of 145; Yudina and 142-3; Yugoslavia, Stalin myth and 122-4,124η Stalin, Svetlana 24,32,139 Stallworthy, Sir John 329-30 Stanford University 118 St Antony’s College, Oxford 374 Starling and the Lyre, The (film) 351
Index Stasi 258,402, 450, 456-7,458-65; ffles released 546-7,546η; Main Directorate for Reconnaissance (HVA) 353; StasiVafolgten-Syndrom (Stasi Persecution Syndrome) 462 State Department, US 57, 67, 96,114,125, 156,157,175,176,190,199, 219, 243, 487, 525; Nazi-Soviet Relations 1939-1941 114; Statement of Policy of East-West Exchanges 235-6 State Emergency Committee, Soviet 528 'state speak' 463-4 Statili bezpečnost (StB) (Czechoslovakia’s state security service) 335-7, 450 Steimle, Uwe 545 Stern, Sol 375 Stevenson, Adlai 288, 483 stilyagi (Soviet youth counterculture) 415 Stimson, Henry L. 53,53η, ioo Straight Flush (weather reconnaissance plane) 470 Strategic Air Command, US 298, 476 Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) ('Star Wars’) 501-2, 510-11 Strath Report, The (1954) 310-12 Stravinsky, Igor 412 Study Group on Survival Training, US military 206-7 Suez Crisis (1956) 183-4,2-92·, 304 Sunday Times 98 Supreme Soviet 152, 249 Survey magazine 374 ‘Survival Under Atomic Attack', US Government Booklet 316-17,316 Susanin, Ivan 404, 405 Sutton, Robbie 346 T Taiwan 202, 210И TASS 196, 295, 398, 445-6 Tchaikovsky Piano Competition (1958) 413-14 Tchaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich 404, 410, 413-14 Tedder, Lord 21 Teheran Conference (1943) 26-7, 28,29,52, 56 Teller, Edward 229-30 Tereshkova, Valentina 283-4, 283n Thatcher, Margaret 367,502-5,304, 507, 511, 5Ո-12Ո, 520-1, 526 'Third International Exhibition of Satire in the Fight for Peace’, Moscow (1977) 394 575 ‘Thirty Years of Moscow Art’, Manezh Gallery (1962) 390-1 This Is the Nonsense One Drawsfrom a Poisoned Well (1977 poster) 394
Thompson, Llewellyn (‘Tommy’) 236, 304-5 Tibbets, Colonel Paul 470, 472 Tikhonov, Vyacheslav 44, 45,45 Time magazine 40,152, 229, 254, 288,512η Tito, Josep Broz 122,123-4,124η, 125, ι84 Titov, Gherman 276,280, 285 Tocqueville, Aleris de 1,124-5,159.15 9ո, 443,520 Tran Cong Than 441 Trend, Sir Burke 323 Troyanovsky, Oleg 155-6, 293, 297 Truman, Harry xiii, 172; all-out war, considers in diary entry (January 1952) 132-3; atomic bomb creation and 51,52-5, 93,100-1; Berlin blockade (1948-9) and in; 'Campaign of Truth’ 176; Churchill and 47-8, 51, 74, 92, 96, 97; CIA origins and 171; ‘containment’ policy 70-1, 82, 83-5; death 86; decision making processes / indecisiveness 55η, 86-92,173,177; domino theory and 98-9; freedom train and 186-7; ‘Harry Truman’ (Chicago) 86; Hiroshima/ Nagasaki bombings and 466-7; Kerman Long Telegram and 82; Korean War and 152-3,177; ‘Loyalty Order’ and 188; Molotov encounter (April 1945) 87-8; Novikov ‘long telegram’ and 74, 75; Operation Cancellation and 156; Potsdam Conference (1945) and 50-1, 53-4, 90-1; presidential election (1952) 176-7; psychological warfare and 156, 172,173,176,188; religious faith, on role of in Cold War 428; Roosevelt’s policy of accommodation, reverses 55; Stalin and 55, 91-2,134, 156; tough-talking decisiveness, creates bluff of 87-8, 90, 133, 155; Truman Doctrine 55, 55η, 70-i, 86, 98-9, 202; US Presidency, assumption of (1945) 48, 74, 89-90 Trump, Donald 8,553-4 Tucker, Robert 57,58-9, 60, 61, 65,161,167 Turkey 98,302,305,306 Tuskegee Study 346 Tversky, Amos 292, 321-2, 324 Tynan, Kenneth 323-4
X76 The War of Nerves UK 15-16; Berim blockade and 109-11; British Medical Association (BMA) 'The Medical Effects of Nuclear War' report 329-30; conceptual conservatism in i5i;double agents and 35,357, 360-6; Foreign Office see Foreign Office, British; Gagarin visits 281-3; general election (1945) 51,52, 95, 96; Gorbachev visits (1984) 502-5, 503И, 504,504, 506, 507; Khrushchev visits (1956) 248-9, 252; ‘letter of last resort' 467-8, 468η; peace movement in 325-6,328-31; psychological warfare, Soviet intelligence officials view British as unrivalled experts in 342-3; Second World War and see Second World War; secret service failure to foresee the end of communism 367-8; Stalin’s death/speculation on post-Stalin era and 153-5,158-9; Strath Report (1954) 310-12; Suez Crisis and 183-4, 292,304; wartime leader conferences and see Teheran Conference; Potsdam Conference and Yalta Conference. See aho individual prime minister name Ukraine 146,163, 345, 349, 526, 529,537, 551, 552 Ulbricht, Walter 127,125,250, 251,257, 260, 420 unconscious influencing 373 Underwater Detection Establishment (UDE), Portland 364 United Fruit Company (UFCO) 337-8 United Nations (UN) 38, 48, 99,127-8,127η, i8i, 183,184, 209, 228-9, 287, 291,394, 428, 438, 516, 538 United States Information Agency (USLA) 219, 219η Unthinkable, Operation 92-4 USA: arts in see individual art, artist and artwork name; atomic bomb, creation of 51, 52-5, 93, 98,100-1; atomic bomb, use of see Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Berlin and see Berlin; China and see China; civil defence 307-31,308,309,316, 320,321; conceptual conservatism
in 151; containment policy 70-1, 82, 83-5, 86,154,171,178, 296, 550; Cuba and see Cuba; cultural exchanges, East-West and 232-47,238; domino theory and 98-9, 437-9; Germany and see Germany; Khrushchev visits (1959) Γ26, 246-7, 249-5i, 252; Khrushchev's secret speech, publication of in 161; Korean War and see Korean War; Loyalty Order 188; ‘madman theory' / presidential sanity and 2in, 2in, 480,481,482-94,554; Marshall Plan 82, 99-100,121,375; McCarthyism/ fear of communism within 155,176-7, 186-200,187, İ93, 201, 334, 379, 439, 552; military-industrial complex 151, 256, 351, 430; military spending/arms race and xii, 84-5,169, 244, 290, 291, 312,398, 409, 432, 484, 496-502,509,512,530-1,553; national psyche 1-6; NSC-68 policy paper ‘United States Objectives and Programs for National Security’ (1950) 84-5,129-30, 131,175-6,178,375; presidential election (1952) 158,176, 431; presidential election (i960) 251, 268,441; presidential election (1968) 482-3; presidential election (1972) 489-90; presidential election (1980) 495; presidential election (1984) 499-500; presidential election (1992) 537; presidential election (2016) 554; presidents see individual president name; psychological warfare and see psychological warfare and individual type/area of psychological warfare; religion and 10,11-12,11,422-5, 431-2; Second World War and see Second World War; space race and see space race; Stalin’s death, reaction to within 152-9; summits with USSR see individual summit, location and leader name; Truman Doctrine and 55, 55n, 70-1, 86, 98-9, 202; ‘victory’ in Cold War 533-4; wartime
leader conferences and see Teheran Conference; Potsdam Conference and Yalta Conference US Air Force (USAF) in, 227,302-3, 326, 378, 479; Doctrine 479-80 US Army: Ballistic Missile Agency 229; Biological Warfare Laboratories 213; Education and Information Division 113 ‘useful idiots’ 17,17И USSR. See Soviet Union (USSR) U-շ spy plane 251, 298, 475 V Vaculík, Ludvík: ‘Two Thousand Words’ 443-4, 445 Vandenberg, Arthur 98 Vanguard satellite, US 228-9,229, 231, 286 Vasiliev, Sergei 224
Index 577 Vienna Conference (1961) 251-7,234,256n, 287, 299, 439 Vietnam War (1955-75) 407,410, 437,438-42, 445, 447, 480, 482-3, 484֊5, 487-8, 489-90, 494 Vinogradov, Dr Vladimir 13Ć-7,138 Vogeler, Robert 204 Voice of Liberation 338 Voinovich, Vladimir 371 Volkogonov, Dmitry 123 Volkov, Solomon 142-3 Vorobyov; Eduard 447 Vostok spacecraft 226, 269, 272-3, 284 Vu Van Vinh 440 Vyshinsky, Andrei 99 Wilson, Woodrow 439 Winthrop, John 10 Wisner, Frank 183 Wolf, Christa 544,545,546-7,551; City of Angeh or, The Overcoat of Dr. Freud 547 Wolfe, Tom 216, 226, 278 Wolf, Markus 353, 355, 361-2, 366-7 Wolff, SS General Karl 43, 44 Wolter, Peter 460-1 World Congress of Partisans for Peace W Wałęsa, Lech 433-4, 519-20 Wallace, Mike 202-3,206 Wallstein, Hans-Joachim 385, 386 War Game, The (docudrama) 322-4 Warner, C. F. A.: ‘The Soviet Campaign Against this Country and Our Response to iť 77 War of Nerves: origins of, Berlin 104-5,106, no Warsaw Pact 180, 443,445,443,552,553 Warsaw University 442-3 Waterlow, Jon 400 Watkins, Peter 322 Webb, James 275 Wedge, Bryant 252 Welch, Joseph 200 Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, Duke of 351, Y Yakovlev; Alexander 245, 530 Yalta Conference (February, 1945) 16-17, 21η, 25, Зі, 33-43,3 í, 39, 4°n, 46, 48-50, 52, 53, 55, 67, 87, 92, 94, 95,105,145, 524 Yanayev, Gennadi Ivanovich 527 Yashchenko, Viktor 348 Yefimov, Boris: Satire in the Fightfor Peace 393 Yeltsin, Boris xiii, 145, 521, 527, 528-30, 531-2, 554 Wells, H. G. 17—18 Westad, Odd Arne 8 West, Louis Jolyon 206-7, 208 Whetstone, Tony 468 Whitman, Walt 9, 383 Whitney, Joel: Finks: How the CIA Tricked
the World’s Best Writers 374 Wild, Mercedes 115-16 Wills, Garry 483 Wilson, Sir Charles 23 (1949) 388, 408 World Peace Council 330, 429-30 Wu Herdan 205 Wylie, Philip: Generation of Vipers 210-11 Wynne, Greville 357,358 533, 535, 536-7, 538, 538n, 543, 549 Yerofeyev, Vladimir no Yevtushenko, Yevgeny 140-2, 405-ć, 410, 513; 'The Heirs of Stalin’ 141-2 You and the Atomic Bomb 313-14 Young Pioneers 149,149 Yudina, Maria 143-4 Yugoslavia 28, 29,122-4,123η, 124η, 383-4 Yurchak, Alexei 463, 464 Z Zagnivayushchii Zapad (‘decaying, rotting West’) 343 Zamoshkin, Alexander 392 Zhukov, General Georgy 54,162,163,169, 170,170Ո Zinoviev, Alexander 140 Zubok, Vladislav 318, 507η Zygar, Mikhail 553 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| geographic_facet | USA Sowjetunion |
| id | DE-604.BV047881644 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:23:01Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:24:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781781259122 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033263965 |
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| physical | xiii, 577 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220419 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Profile Books |
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| spelling | Sixsmith, Martin Verfasser (DE-588)1047810476 aut The war of nerves inside the Cold War mind Martin Sixsmith, with Daniel Sixsmith London Profile Books 2021 xiii, 577 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Welcome collection "More than any other conflict, the Cold War was fought on the battlefield of the human mind. Nearly thirty years since the collapse of the Soviet Union, its legacy still endures: not only in our politics, but in our own thoughts and fears. Drawing on a vast array of untapped archives and unseen sources, Martin Sixsmith vividly recreates the tensions and paranoia of the Cold War, framing it for the first time from a psychological perspective. Revisiting towering personalities like Khrushchev, Kennedy and Nixon, as well as the lives of the unknown millions who were caught up in the conflict, this is a gripping account of fear itself - one which is more resonant than ever today"--Publisher's description Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd rswk-swf Psychologische Kriegführung (DE-588)4047710-1 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Cold War Cold War / Psychological aspects Cold War / Political aspects War / Psychological aspects USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 s Psychologische Kriegführung (DE-588)4047710-1 s Geschichte z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033263965&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033263965&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Sixsmith, Martin The war of nerves inside the Cold War mind Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd Psychologische Kriegführung (DE-588)4047710-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4075770-5 (DE-588)4047710-1 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | The war of nerves inside the Cold War mind |
| title_auth | The war of nerves inside the Cold War mind |
| title_exact_search | The war of nerves inside the Cold War mind |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The war of nerves inside the Cold War mind |
| title_full | The war of nerves inside the Cold War mind Martin Sixsmith, with Daniel Sixsmith |
| title_fullStr | The war of nerves inside the Cold War mind Martin Sixsmith, with Daniel Sixsmith |
| title_full_unstemmed | The war of nerves inside the Cold War mind Martin Sixsmith, with Daniel Sixsmith |
| title_short | The war of nerves |
| title_sort | the war of nerves inside the cold war mind |
| title_sub | inside the Cold War mind |
| topic | Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd Psychologische Kriegführung (DE-588)4047710-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ost-West-Konflikt Psychologische Kriegführung USA Sowjetunion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033263965&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033263965&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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