Media and communication in the Soviet Union (1917-1953): general perspectives
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Contents 1 Soviet Communication and Soviet Society (1917-1953): Alignments and Tensions Krill Postoutenko Parti Channels 1 19 2 Visual Channels (1): Posters and Fine Art Judith Devlin 21 3 Visual Channels (2): Cityscapes Graeme Gill 37 4 Visual Channels (3): Cartography Nick Baron 49 5 Auditory Channels: Crowing Roosters and Wailing Sirens Dmitri Zakharine 95 6 Tactile Channels: Brotherly Kisses, Handshakes, and Flogging in a Bathhouse Dmitri Zakharine 121 ix
X CONTENTS Partii Media 137 7 Public Body (1): Popular Assemblies Lorenz Erren 139 8 Public Body (2): Mass Festivals Make Rolf 149 9 Public Body (3): State Celebrations and Street Festivities Sergei Kruk 165 10 Private Body: Kitchen Gossip and Bedroom Whispers Anastasiia Zaplatina 187 11 Public Print (1): Books and Periodicals Christopher Stolarski 197 12 Public Print (2): Coins and Bank Notes Kirill Postoutenko 207 13 Private Handwriting (1): Diaries Alexey Tikhomirov 243 14 Private Handwriting (2): Personal Letters Alexey Tikhomirov 255 15 Private Handwriting (3): Denunciations François-Xavier Nérard 269 16 Private/Public Handwriting: Self-reports Berthold Unfried 277 17 Electrical Signalling (1): Telegraph Larissa Zakharova 285 18 Electrical Signalling (2): Telephone Larissa Zakharova 301
CONTEXTS 19 Electrical Signalling (3): Film xi 313 Kristina Tanis 20 Electrical Signalling (4): Radio 327 Dmitri Zakharine Part III Boundaries and Flows 343 21 Boundaries (I): “Nomenklatura” Versus the Rest 345 Graeme Gill 22 Boundaries (2): “Comrades” vs. Deviants 357 Lorenz Erren 23 Top-down Verbal Messaging; Textbooks 375 Dorena Caroli 24 Bottom-up Non-verbal Messaging: Applause 389 Kirill Postoutenko 25 Top-down Extraction of Bottom-up Messages: Surveillance ., _ Olga Velikanova Index 429
This book provides a systematic account of media and communication deveiopment in Soviet society from the October Revolution to the death of Stalin. Summarizing earlier research and drawing upon previously unpublished archival materials, it covers the main aspects of public and private interaction in the Soviet Union, from public broadcast to kitchen gossip. The first part of the volume covers visual, auditory and tactile channels, such as posters, maps and monuments. The second deals with media, featuring public gatherings, personal letters, telegraph, telephone, film and radio. The concluding part surveys major boundaries and flows structuring the Soviet communicate environment. The broad scope of contributions to this volume will be of great interest to students and researchers working on the Soviet Union, and twentiethcentury media and communication more broadly.
Index a Abortion, 188,192 Adam, Paul, 217 Administration, 52, 56, 59, 59nl5, 76,109,167, 178, 256, 290, 345-348, 350-354, 360,421, 423,425 Aesop, 405 Aesopian language, 13 Agitation, 23, 25,145,166,168,169, 171,177,197,199, 200,257, 316,371 Akselrod, Pavel, 363 Aleksandrov, Grigorii, 157, 318, 319 Alexander II, Emperor of Russia, 397 All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK), 22, 23,191, 255, 290 All-Soviet Communist Party (Bolsheviks, VKP(b)), 11, 26, 168,172, 223, 246, 280, 338, 361,401,404, 423 All-Union State Political Administration (OGPU), 25, 57, 78, 80, 83, 419^24 Anti-Soviet elements, 421 Applause, 97, 389-397,400, 402^06 in face-to-face interaction, 392, 393, 395 management of, 396, 397, 403 as a messaging device, 390-396, 399-404 as a quorum-sensing device, 391 supra-additive synergy of, 391 in turn-taking, 394 See also Clapping Appointment, 187, 346, 348, 349 Aquinas, Thomas, 215 Aristode, 180, 211, 212, 214 Art, 21-33, 50, 51, 62,109, 144, 151,154,175,189,193,198, 201-204, 282, 313-316, 319-322, 352, 368, 400 © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 K. Postoutenko et al. (eds.), Media and Communication in the Soviet Union (1917-1953), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88367-6 429
430 INDEX Artists, 21, 23-26, 28-32, 50, 51, 63, 65, 65ո22, 66, 72,110,151, 152, 168, 171, 198,200, 201, 203-205 Astrakhan, 289, 334 Audibility, 337, 338 Autobiography, 263, 278, 280 Avraamov, Arsemi, 109-111 В Baird, John, 330 Barkhudarov, Stepan, 385 Barnet, Boris, 111 Basil of Caesarea, 216 Bell, Alexander G., 329 Belin, Edouard, 296, 329 Bender, Ostap, 226 Blanter, Matvei, 113 Bocheński, Joseph, 359 Body private, 2,187-194 public, 2, 139-145, 149-161,165-180 Body politics, 191 Boguchar, Voronezh region, 336 Boisguillebert, Pierre le Pesant, sieur de, 216 Bolsheviks, 2-6, 8-11, 22, 26, 37, 38, 51, 52, 59, 60, 62, 63, 68, 76-78, 142, 143,145, 149-152, 154-156,160,165,167,170, 171,174,178,180,188,191, 192,197-203, 215, 217, 218, 221-225, 227, 228, 244, 246-251, 256-260, 263-265, 270, 271, 273, 274, 278, 280, 285-290, 295, 313, 314, 316, 320, 339, 346, 348, 357-362, 364-366, 369-371, 379, 381-385, 400, 403, 406,408, 418-120,422 Bolshevism, 6,150, 272, 359-361, 371 Boltanski, Luc, 271 Bonch-Bruevich, Mikhail, 52, 54, 54n6 Bourseul, Charles, 329 Brezhnev, Leonid, 129, 159-161 Broadcasting, 11,174, 332-339, 369 Bukharin, Nikolai, 11,170, 203, 361 Bureaucratization, 251 Byvshie, 246 C Campanella, Tommaso, 217 Cartography, 49-84 Cartoons, 200, 201 Catalogues, 65n22, 420 Caucasus, 155 Celebration, see Pmzdnik Censorship, 24, 25, 32, 53, 57, 60, 78, 83, 202, 204, 302, 378, 422, 423 of maps, 53 Central Asia, 106,155 Channels of communication, 293, 423 Chervonets, 219, 222, 228 СҺК, 60, 78, 419-420, 422, 424 Chrysippus, 216 Chrysostom, John, 216, 394 Circles of amateur cultural
production, 153 City, 3, 23, 28, 30, 37, 39-46, 98, 100,102, 104,109-111, 143, 158,192,216, 221,244, 255, 291, 292, 301-307, 304n2, 309, 317, 333, 334, 338, 339, 349, 369, 370, 399,420,421 Civilized behaviour, 198 Civil War (1918-1921), 152 Clapping, 11,97, 389-397, 400,402—106
INDEX Claque, see Applause, management of Collective farm, see Kolkhoz Communal apartment, see Kommunalka Communication centralization of (see Communication, management of) low credibility, 7 management of, 10, 167, 168, 288, 309 semantic poverty, 7 Communism, 2,11, 62, 69, 218, 224, 248, 249, 252, 351 Communities distributed, 9 primordial, 106,114,127 VKP(b), 168 Community work day, 152,168 Complaints, 7, 221, 255-258, 261, 270, 274, 281, 309, 351 Complexity, 6, 9,11, 208, 212, 217, 219, 220, 305 reduction of, 6 Confessions, 8,140 Constantine, Emperor of Rome, 394 Corruption, 350, 351, 364,423 Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Union (SNK), 255, 289, 290, 377, 381, 384 Cultural revolution, 46, 50, 57, 152-154,156,172, 245 Cyprian, 2!6 Czechoslovakia, 160 D Dan, Fedor, 363 Davies, Sarah, 262 De Certeau, Michel, 244 De Forest, Lee, 329, 331 Defeatism, 421, 425 431 Deineka, Aleksandr, 157 Democracy, 6,139,172,175, 203, 285,351,417 Den’ pobedy, 159, 160 See also Victory Day Denunciations, 2, 250, 258, 269-274, 419 Deviance, 358, 372 Diaries, 2,191, 243-252, 270, 278 Diogenes of Sinope, 216 Disciplining, 418-420 Discourse, 2,11,41, 50,70,75,156, 166,179,189,227,228,244,248, 258,277,280,285, 313,314, 321, 351-354, 366, 367, 369, 372 Djilas, Milovan, 371 E Education, 39,142,174,177,180, 197,198, 201, 265, 279, 280, 314, 321,322, 358,359, 378-383, 385, 386, 419 Efimov, Boris, 200 Efremenko, Lukian, 382 Ego-documents, 243, 245-247, 249 Eisenstein, Sergei, 66, 315, 318 Ekaterinburg, 334 Ekk, Nikolai, 317 Election, 6,141, 142,145,173, 329, 347, 349, 386 Elites, 22, 28, 30,
32, 33,45, 46,129, 157,158,161,173, 227, 257, 301, 305-307, 309, 313, 336, 345, 349, 365, 377, 386 Enemies of the people, 6, 27, 59, 246 Epping-Jäger, Cornelia, 330, 331 Erofeev, Vladimir, 106 Euphemisms, see Aesopian language Evreinov, Nikolai, 176 Exhibitions, 29, 31, 32, 45, 200, 248, 318
432 INDEX Extrajudicial means, 418 Ezhov, Nikolai, 59, 60, 419 Gold-backed ruble, see Chervonets Golokhvastov, Dmitrii, 397 Gorky, Maxim, 199, 304, 338 Gosizdat, 23-25,199, 202, 376-379, 381,383 Govorov, Aleksandr, 376, 378, 381 Granovskii, Timofei, 398 Graticule, 63-65, 67, 70 Gray, Elisha, 329 ”Great Patriotic War” (1941-1945), 9, 98, 159 Great Terror, 131, 158, 193, 249, 251,262, 264, 273, 281, 357, 365-369 Great Turn, see Velikii perelem Guilt, 359, 369 Gulianiia, 67,157,165-180 F Face-to-face society, 396^100, 402 interaction in, 127, 392, 393, 395,406 Family, 10, 22, 106, 112, 122,124, 126, 127,131, 145,150,155, 158,187-193, 249, 250, 263, 264, 273, 280-282, 290, 301, 354, 368 Feedback, 6,12, 225, 390, 391, 393-395, 397, 398, 400, 401, 403, 405,406, 423,424 Feuchtwanger, Ludwig, 366 Film famine, 321 First World War, see World War I Fitzpatrick, Sheila, 188, 246, 258, 259, 265, 278, 359, 360, 380, 403 Five-Year Plan, 31, 55, 153, 154,170, 172, 245, 296 Fizkul'turnyi parad {see Sports parades) Former people, see Byvshie Foucault, Michel, 141, 211, 244, 417, 419,422 H Halfin, Igal, 244,247-249, 264, 367 Hellbeck, Jochen, 33,191, 244, 245, 247-249, 251, 278 Homo Soviéticas, 419 Hood, Robin, 217 Housing, 40-42, 44, 45, 178,192, 257, 306, 309, 349,418 Hughes, Charles, 329 Hungary, 104, 160 G Gastev, Aleksei, 110, 111 Gathering, see Miting՛; Sobrante Gel’man, Izrail’, 190 Gender roles, 188, 281-282 General plan, 4İHİ3, 61, 306 Gide, André, 366 Global, 5, 51, 62, 65, 68, 69, 78,103, 214,218,219, 222,223,252, 293, 332-333, 364, 371, 397 I Iagoda, Genrikh, 59, 420 Iakutsk, 334
Iconography, 21, 23, 28, 46, 201, 210 Icons, 8, 21, 32, 50, 50ո2,173, 210 Identity, 82,169,178, 191, 200, 213, 244, 245, 249, 251, 259, 260, 265, 278,281, 353, 358, 360, 369 social, 246
INDEX Ideology, 2, 8, 50, 51, 62-75, 172, 192,194, 224, 227, 228, 244, 248,249, 252, 265, 307, 314-316, 319, 321, 364, 366, 376, 377, 385, 386 Illiteracy, see Literacy, lack of Individualism, 249 Inequality, 121, 216, 291, 302-305, 308, 351 Inflation, 154 semantic, 7, 400,403 Informants, 419-421 Information in communication, 51, 82 incomplete, 7 in society, 6 Interaction, 2,4-9,12, 33,127,132, 139,158,174,175, 207, 209, 212, 217, 227, 266, 285, 302, 390-393, 395, 398, 400, 402, 403,406,408 Intimacy, 122, 126, 187-189, 192, 250,261 Irkutsk, 287, 288, 334 Isakovskii, Mikhail, 113 Iutkevich Sergei, 111 J 433 Khlevniuk, Oleg, 10,170,172, 256,425 Khrushchev, Nikita, 127 Khrushchev, Sergei, 149-161, 309, 371 Kilpatrick, William, 377 Kirov, Sergei, 27,107,131, 384 Kiselev, Aleksei, 362 Koestier, Arthur, 366, 393 kolkhoz, 144, 221, 227, 273, 305, 425 Kollontai, Alexandra, 189, 400 Koloskov, Georgii, 382, 383 Kommunalka, 192, 306, 309 Komsomol, 27,108,140,142,143, 153,189, 203, 272, 383 Koretskii, Viktor, 24, 70, 223 Kotkin, Stephen, 140,158,192, 244, 260, 272 Kozlova, Natal'ia, 220, 223, 258, 403 Krasnala elka, see Red Christmas Tree Krest'ianskaia¿azeta (newspaper), 201-202, 260,261 Krupenskii, Pavel, 398 Krupskaia, Nadezhda, 379 Kruzbki samodeiateVnosti, see Circles of amateur cultural production Kulaks, 246, 250, 361, 367, 370 Kuleshov, Lev, 315 Kuľturnost, 21, 198,248 Jenkins, Charles, 329 Jouhaud, Christian, 271 L К Kaganovich, Lazar, 41-43 Kalinin, Mikhail, 255, 257, 263, 339 Kautsky, Karl, 216 Kazan, 287, 289, 301, 332, 334 Kelly, Catriona, 188, 248 Kerensky, Alexander, 398,
399 Khabarovsk, 334 Khalatov, Artemii, 381 Khar’kov, 335 Leaders, 4-11, 13, 21, 22, 26-29, 32, 38, 39,41,45,46, 59, 60, 68, 103, 127-129,131,149,151, 152,157-159,179,197-199, 201,216, 221,223,226, 256-265, 270, 271, 274, 286, 289-291, 295, 297, 305, 308, 314, 348, 351, 353, 364, 368, 369, 395, 399^03, 405-408, 420,424,425 images of, 26
434 INDEX Lenin (Ulianov), Vladimir, 3, 4, 7, 28, 38, 39,41,43, 50, 52,62,69,111, 126,151,161,171,174,192, 197-200,223,224,226,228,250, 282,285,288,313, 315, 322, 332, 358, 359, 361, 362, 364, 365, 369-371,379,399-^04,408 Leningrad, see Petrograd Lenoe, Matthew, 197,199, 256, 260, 265 Lermontov, Mikhail, 205 Letters, 2,13, 80,143,144,205,208, 226,251,255-266,270-274, 285,287,290, 302,403,422,424 Letter-writing, 258, 259, 262, 265, 286 Literacy, 12, 38,174,198, 203, 259, 265, 286, 386 lack of, 26,178,198, 202, 248 Livshin, Aleksandr, 225, 261, 263, 265, 406 Locke, John, 215 Love, 187,189,191,193, 259 romantic, 188-191 Loyalty, 3, 6, 26, 27,107, 149,150, 179, 220, 225, 245, 246, 249, 259, 261, 264, 346-348, 352, 364, 366,403 Lunacharskii, Anatolii, 28, 29, 379 Lycurgus, 216 Lyons, Eugene, 41, 366 Lysenko, Trofim, 245, 384 M Maiakovskii, Vladimir, 10, 65, 65n23, 68, 200, 201 Manifestation, see Miting Maps educational, 54, 59 territorial, 53, 59, 70, 72, 73, 75 topographical, 50, 51, 53, 56, 61, 77, 79, 80 Marconi, Guglielmo, 328 Martov (Tsederbaum), Iulii, 363 Marx, Karl, 63, 209, 212, 218-221, 223, 371 Mass festivals, 149-161 Master narratives, 11, 247 May Day, 38,41,149,151,166, 167,178 Media of communication, 208 Mediatization, 11, 259, 330 Medvedev, Sergei, 177, 369 Meeting, 26,41,43,126,127, 139-144,150,151,153,159, 166-170,175,179, 220, 225, 245,256,261,273,279, 281, 347, 352, 362,400,403,406,407 at work, 8 See also Gathering; Sóbrame Metanarrative, 38, 46, 351, 352 Metro, 41—43, 45, 278 Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 111 Miting, 8,10, 49,150,151,154, 156, 165,166,170,171,174,175,
178-180, 212, 217, 257, 339, 352,419,420 Modernity, 25, 49, 50,188,189, 202, 285 Molotov, Vyacheslav, 272, 385, 401, 403 Money measure of value, 211 medium of communication, 207-214,218-228 store of value, 211, 221-223 time invariance of, 209 token of exchange, 209 tool of propaganda, 227-228 More, Thomas, 223 Morozov, Pavlik, 249, 383 Moscow, 10, 23,24, 30, 37-39, 41—43, 45,46, 50,55-57, 63, 67, 68, 74,104-107,109-112, 152,153,159,160,173, 256,
INDEX 257, 263, 278, 286-288, 291, 292, 294, 295, ЗОЇ, 303-307, 314, 317, 332-339, 380, 397, 399,403,407, 420, 421 N Nero, 394, 396 Networks, 3,10, 65,104,124, 144, 199, 257, 286-289, 291-297, 301-309, 314, 318, 330, 332-334, 337, 338, 369, 379 face-to-face, 8 New Economic Policy (NEP), 2, 9, 23, 57,143, 152,168,170, 198, 201-203,219, 291,315,361 Newspapers, 6, 54n6, 108, 110, 112, 140,141,143,144,197, 199-204, 248, 259-261, 263, 270, 272, 282, 285, 332, 339, 382,400, 424 Newspeak, 9 NKVD, see People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs Noise, 99,101,107, 330, 395 industrial, 97, 98,103,104, 109, 114 Nomenklatura, 257, 345-355, 372 Non-Bolshevik behaviour, 279, 281 Novosibirsk, 294, 334 О Obradovich, Sergei, 399 October Revolution, 215, 216, 353, 366 Officials, 2,13,24,28-32, 39,45, 56, 59,6!, 70, 77,78, 80-83, 143-145,150,151,154-157,159, 160,166,167,169,171,173, 177-179,191,193,199,202-205, 243,245-247,252, 255-257,260, 435 265,270,272,273,280,285, 293, 304, 309, 313, 316, 321, 347-355, 360, 364-368, 379, 380, 400,403,408,419,423,425 OGPU, see All-Union State Political Administration Onomatopoeia, see Tone painting Opposition, 9,11, 33, 78,141,145, 160,169, 170, 208, 288, 295, 350-352, 357, 361, 362, 364-366, 368, 381,420, 423 Oresme, Nicholas von, 215 Ostuzhev, Aleksandr, 402 Ovations, 390, 394, 397, 399-401, 403,405 standing, 4, 7,12, 401,402 P Painting, 21, 28, 29, 31, 39,41, 96, 157,159 Palace of Soviets, 42, 43 Pankratova, Anna, 384, 385 Panopticon, 9, 419 Paperno, Irina, 251 Parady fizkuľturnikov, see Sports parades Partiinosť, see Party allegiance Party allegiance,
203, 204 Patronage, 28-30, 32, 262 People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD), 54, 58-60, 72, 78, 83, 251, 257, 367, 368,404, 419, 421,423 Perception, 1, 50, 95,97,98,112,175, 177,208-210,262,265,289, 353 auditory, 97 Performative act, 8, 140 Personalisation, 39, 41 Personnel, 6, 55, 83,199, 200, 345-347 records, 346
436 INDEX Petitions, 12, 80, 245, 255-258, 261, 264 Petrograd, ЗО, 31, 83,105,110,150, 152,167,170, 287, 288, 291, 296nl, 303, 304, 317, 335, 338, 360, 362, 380,400, 421 Photography, 198, 204 Piatakov, Georgii, 60, 225 Piatnitskaia, Iuliia, 250, 251 Pimenov, Iutii, 159 Piotrovskii, Adrian, 315 Plato, 180, 214-216, 218-220, 222 Plautus, 396 Podlubnyi, Stepan, 249, 251 Podvoiskii, Nikolai, 154, 171 Pokrovskii, Mikhail, 385 Poland, 160 Politburo TsK, 26,167,172,174 Political carnival, 152,171 Political culture, 129 Polovoi vopros, see Sex question Popov, Aleksandr, 328 Portraits of leaders, 8, 10, 21, 26-28, 32,41,46,179 Postcards, 21, 23-25, 30 Posters, 1,11,13, 21-33, 38, 41, 51, 63, 65, 65n22, 67, 68, 70,192, 197, 200, 201, 203-205, 223, 262, 351, 352, 395 political, 23, 24, 63 Potresov, Aleksei, 363 Pravdu, newspaper, 26,112,144,170, 173,199-201,204, 259,270,273 Prazdnik, 41,45, 149-161, 165-180, 262, 399, 406 Print runs, 26, 27, 60 Private sphere, 158, 187, 188, 251 Privatization of history, 243 Privilege, 28, 32,110,131,187, 348-351, 354, 360 Proletariat, 62-64,190, 220, 224, 246, 349, 357-363, 370 Propaganda, 10, 24, 28, 30, 59, 63, 107, 109,141-143,151,154, 156,159,160,166-168,170, 174,193,197-201, 204, 205, 227-228, 246, 247, 258, 260, 265, 289, 302, 314, 316, 319, 332, 339, 367, 368,419,424 monumental, 28, 38 Protest, 129, 274, 364, 425 Public, 2, 3, 6, 7,10-13,26-28, 32, 33, 37,41,44, 51, 53, 54, 57, 60, 61, 79, 82,106,121-124,127, 139-145,149-161,165-180, 187-190,197-205, 207-228, 243, 249-251, 257-259, 261, 265, 270,271, 274, 277-282, 302, 305, 308, 313-317, 330,
336, 350, 352-354, 389, 390, 392, 394, 397-399,401-403, 406,408,418,425 Pudovkin, Vsevolod, 315, 318 Purge, 25, 57, 59,171, 205, 246, 270, 278-281, 349, 357,364-368 Pushkin, Alexander, 173, 205 Putin, Vladimir, 161, 408 Q Quintillian, 394 R Radek, Karl, 361 Radio broadcasting, 13, 332, 333, 336-338 communication, 327-339 receivers, 333, 337, 339 stations, 332, 334, 335, 337, 339 technology, 327, 330-332, 339 transmitters, 332
INDEX Radiofication, 333, 338, 339 Random signalling, 6 Recording, 96,102,103,105-107, 294,317 of sounds, 96,97,105-107,114, 317 Red Army, 28,29, 53, 55,68, 77, 79, 80, 82, 83,108,110,169,170, 190,199-201,205,289,420-422 Red calendar, 149,151,152,155,160 Red Christmas tree, 158 Red Square, 39,40,110,159, 288 Redundancy in communication, 7 Registration, 347,420,421 Reis, Johann, 329 Relief on maps, 53, 80, 81 Reporting, 23, 339, 385 Reports, see Svodki Repression, 2, 76,158,169, 188,193, 226, 270, 273, 297, 308, 360, 403,417,418,421,423, 425 Revolution global {see World) October (see Russian) Russian (see October revolution) world (see Global) Rituals religious, 8 Riutin, Martemian, 9, 369-372 Rodchenko, Aleksandr, 68, 201 Room, Abram, 317 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 175 Russian, 7, 22, 23, 50-52, 52n4, 58, 62, 63, 67,81,98,101,102, 104,105,109,110,113,114, 124,126-132,139,149-151, 159,161,166,168,175,188, 189,197-200, 202, 205, 223, 225, 227, 245, 246, 257, 260, 270, 272, 277, 282, 285-287, 290, 308, 328, 329, 333, 337, 339, 353, 357, 360, 377, 381, 397-399 437 Russian revolution, 7, 52, 67, 98,110, 126,149-151,159, 168,200, 225, 227, 257, 260, 287, 357, 360, 377 Rykov, Aleksandr, 170 S Saint Augustine, 394 Samokritika, 57, 269, 271, 278-281 Scale, on maps, 54, 61, 74, 80 Schafer, Raymond M., 95, 98,104, 109,330 Second World War, see World War II Secrecy, 51, 53, 57, 61, 75-84, 421-423 cartographic, 51, 76-84 Security, 25, 27, 53, 60, 69, 78, 81, 82, 84, 221,251,347, 419-421, 423 Self-criticism, see Samokritika Self-education, 174, 278, 281-282 Self-empowerment, 251 Self-
evaluation, 278, 279 Self-fashioning, 248, 249, 263 Self-reference, 208 Self-report, 3, 8, 277-282 Self-thematization, 10, 277, 280 Semantics, social, 7, 211, 212 Settings distributed (see Communities, distributed) interactional, 139-141, 391, 397, 399,400, 402 Sex question, 190 Sexuality, 189, 281, 282 Shaginian, Marietta, 143, 203 Shaw, Bernard, 366 Shits, Ivan, 270 Shliapnikov, Aleksandr, 360-362 Shorin, Aleksandr, 105-107, 296, 317 Shul’gin, Viktor, 379, 381, 382
438 INDEX Shumiatskii, Boris, 320, 321 Siegelbaum, Lewis, 255 Signals, 6, 7, 27,101,102,111,112, 115,213, 221,223, 269, 270, 273, 274, 282, 293, 335, 337, 396, 403 Sobornosť, see Togetherness Sobrante, 8,150, 151,156, 165,166, 170,174,175,180, 212, 257, 352,419, 420 Socialism, 41^46, 64,171,175, 200, 246, 260, 264, 285, 308, 321, 351, 363, 367, 371,418, 420 Socialist competition, 155, 173 Socialist realism, 22, 28, 203, 204, 247, 320 Socialist realist, 203 Socrates, 214, 215 Sound cinema, 107, 319 design, 8, 95, 97, 98, 103, 105-107,109,112,114,115 Soundscapes, 95, 98-114, 330 Soviet citizen, 8,10, 33, 61, 159,188, 193, 200, 205, 244-247, 249-252, 258-260, 263, 264, 269, 271, 272, 278, 293, 322, 337, 405, 419, 422 Soviet civilisation, 43, 244, 252, 265 Soviet Constitution of 1936, 6, 401, 403, 422 Soviet holiday, 155-157,159, 160 Soviet “new human being,” 246, 247, 418 Soviet self, 191, 243-245 Soviet shock workers, see Stakhanovites Soviet state, 5, 7, 12, 28, 29, 39, 61, 68n26, 77,107, 131,142,143, 192, 200, 222, 224, 244, 245, 256, 257, 265, 271, 316, 376, 389, 406 Soviet subjectivity, 244, 265 Soviet Union, 2, 3, 5-7,11,13, 22, 27, 41^5, 58,61,62, 70-74, 79n33, 97-99,106,107,110,111, 126-129,131,140,142,150, 153,155,156,159,160,166, 170,172,175,177,187-189, 193.197.198, 200-202,221, 222,224,225, 243,245, 271, 273,274,277,282,286, 291-297, 308, 309, 317, 318, 329, 331-339, 376, 385,402, 404,405, 418,422,423 Sovznak, 228 Spatial knowledge, 61, 76, 84 Special settlers, 421 Speech, 6, 7,41,42, 96,140, 166, 208, 209, 223, 270, 308, 319, 329, 331, 332, 352, 353, 362, 392-394,
396-398, 400, 403, 406, 407,407n2 entropy vs. information, 209 Sports parades, 159,169 Stakhanovites, 157,172, 245, 259, 278, 306, 351 Stalin (Dzhugashvili), Iosif, 3, 22, 39, 57, 104,126,141,156,169, 193.198, 220, 250, 256, 270, 302, 313, 335-339, 346, 36!, 381,399-404,424 cult of, 11,157,159,172 Stalinism, 13, 57,143-145,150, 156-158, 228, 244, 248, 322, 402,423 Stalinist society, 12, 245, 389, 390 State-building, 62, 68, 205 Street festivities, see Gulianiia Subbotnik, see Community work day Supervision, 24, 25, 30, 61, 346, 376, 400 Supplicants, 258, 259 Surveillance, 4, 7,10,174, 247, 251, 265, 293,417^425
INDEX Suvorin, Aleksei, 199 Sverdlov, Yakov, 346 Sverdlova, Klavdia, 378, 379 Spodki, 27,129,142,144, 145, 170, 171,173,177, 201,256, 278-281,288, 336,353, 424,425 Symbols revolutionary, 67, 150 tsarist, 39 System closure of, 404 of communication, 145 political, 11,13, 348, 389 social, 5,132, 208, 209, 213 T Tager, Pavel, 105, 317 Taylor, Frederick, 111 Telegraph, 3,10, 23, 224, 285-297, 303, 307, 308, 328, 330 hierarchies, 289-293, 308 Telephone, 3,10,104,192, 257, 262, 285, 286, 291, 293, 294, 297, 301-309, 319, 329, 330, 333, 336 Television, 38,129, 329, 330, 392 Territory, 52, 53, 55, 56, 61, 62, 64, 68, 70, 77, 79-81, 156,158, 205,257, 285-287, 297, 303, 304, 308, 334 Textbooks, 4, 6, 70, 202, 375-386 state control, 376, 381 Togetherness, 165,166,168, 175,180 Tolstoy, Lev, 205 Tone painting, 96 Totalitarianism, 330 Trotsky, Lev, 4, 5, 29, 62-63, 68, 69, 77,170, 308,361,365, 367-372, 400 439 Trotskyist, 11,141, 145, 271, 272, 274, 350 Trump, Donald, 396 Trust, social, 132 TsK, 26, 256 U Undercover work, 420 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), 2,3, 5-7,11,22, 27, 41-45,58,61,62, 70-74, 79n33, 97-99,106,107,110, 111, 126-129,131,140,142, 150,153,155,156,159,160, 166,170,172,175,177, 187-189,193,197,198, 200-202, 221, 222, 224, 225, 243, 245, 263, 271, 273, 274, 277, 282, 286, 289, 291-297, 308, 309, 317, 318, 322, 329, 331-339, 376, 385, 402, 404, 405,418, 422,423 V Velikii perelom, 154,155,170,172 Vergil, 394 Vertov, Dziga, 70n28, 97, 106-109, 315,317 Victory Day, 160 Vigilance, 156,171, 246, 250, 367, 368 Violence, 27, 63,155, 251, 271, 281, 330, 331,420 Visual
culture, 61, 62, 67-70, 197, 204 Visuality, 49 Voroshilov, Kliment, 29, 262-264 Vseviatskii, Boris, 385 VTsIK, 22, 23, 54,191,192, 255, 290
440 INDEX William I, King of Württemberg, 395 Wilson, Woodrow, 329 World, 5,8-Ю, 43,49, 51,62-65, 68-70,76,78,99,107,127,142, 151,158,176,187,188,198, 200,214,215,228,271,273, 274,287, 320, 332, 339, 350, 353, 358, 359, 362, 364, 367, 369 World War I, 22, 51, 52,102,104, 304n3,422 World War II, 112,113,115,127-128, 301, 304n2, 334, 338, 377 Writing, 175,189, 203, 208, 244, 245, 248, 251, 252, 257, 258,260, 265, 272, 274, 278, 280, 308, 331, 379,422 Wrongdoings, 272 Z Zamyatin, Evgeny, 187, 188 Zhdanov, Andrei, 384 Zinov’ev, Grigoril, 170, 361 Zworykin, Vladimir, 329 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München v ' |
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Contents 1 Soviet Communication and Soviet Society (1917-1953): Alignments and Tensions Krill Postoutenko Parti Channels 1 19 2 Visual Channels (1): Posters and Fine Art Judith Devlin 21 3 Visual Channels (2): Cityscapes Graeme Gill 37 4 Visual Channels (3): Cartography Nick Baron 49 5 Auditory Channels: Crowing Roosters and Wailing Sirens Dmitri Zakharine 95 6 Tactile Channels: Brotherly Kisses, Handshakes, and Flogging in a Bathhouse Dmitri Zakharine 121 ix
X CONTENTS Partii Media 137 7 Public Body (1): Popular Assemblies Lorenz Erren 139 8 Public Body (2): Mass Festivals Make Rolf 149 9 Public Body (3): State Celebrations and Street Festivities Sergei Kruk 165 10 Private Body: Kitchen Gossip and Bedroom Whispers Anastasiia Zaplatina 187 11 Public Print (1): Books and Periodicals Christopher Stolarski 197 12 Public Print (2): Coins and Bank Notes Kirill Postoutenko 207 13 Private Handwriting (1): Diaries Alexey Tikhomirov 243 14 Private Handwriting (2): Personal Letters Alexey Tikhomirov 255 15 Private Handwriting (3): Denunciations François-Xavier Nérard 269 16 Private/Public Handwriting: Self-reports Berthold Unfried 277 17 Electrical Signalling (1): Telegraph Larissa Zakharova 285 18 Electrical Signalling (2): Telephone Larissa Zakharova 301
CONTEXTS 19 Electrical Signalling (3): Film xi 313 Kristina Tanis 20 Electrical Signalling (4): Radio 327 Dmitri Zakharine Part III Boundaries and Flows 343 21 Boundaries (I): “Nomenklatura” Versus the Rest 345 Graeme Gill 22 Boundaries (2): “Comrades” vs. Deviants 357 Lorenz Erren 23 Top-down Verbal Messaging; Textbooks 375 Dorena Caroli 24 Bottom-up Non-verbal Messaging: Applause 389 Kirill Postoutenko 25 Top-down Extraction of Bottom-up Messages: Surveillance ., _ Olga Velikanova Index 429
This book provides a systematic account of media and communication deveiopment in Soviet society from the October Revolution to the death of Stalin. Summarizing earlier research and drawing upon previously unpublished archival materials, it covers the main aspects of public and private interaction in the Soviet Union, from public broadcast to kitchen gossip. The first part of the volume covers visual, auditory and tactile channels, such as posters, maps and monuments. The second deals with media, featuring public gatherings, personal letters, telegraph, telephone, film and radio. The concluding part surveys major boundaries and flows structuring the Soviet communicate environment. The broad scope of contributions to this volume will be of great interest to students and researchers working on the Soviet Union, and twentiethcentury media and communication more broadly.
Index a Abortion, 188,192 Adam, Paul, 217 Administration, 52, 56, 59, 59nl5, 76,109,167, 178, 256, 290, 345-348, 350-354, 360,421, 423,425 Aesop, 405 Aesopian language, 13 Agitation, 23, 25,145,166,168,169, 171,177,197,199, 200,257, 316,371 Akselrod, Pavel, 363 Aleksandrov, Grigorii, 157, 318, 319 Alexander II, Emperor of Russia, 397 All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK), 22, 23,191, 255, 290 All-Soviet Communist Party (Bolsheviks, VKP(b)), 11, 26, 168,172, 223, 246, 280, 338, 361,401,404, 423 All-Union State Political Administration (OGPU), 25, 57, 78, 80, 83, 419^24 Anti-Soviet elements, 421 Applause, 97, 389-397,400, 402^06 in face-to-face interaction, 392, 393, 395 management of, 396, 397, 403 as a messaging device, 390-396, 399-404 as a quorum-sensing device, 391 supra-additive synergy of, 391 in turn-taking, 394 See also Clapping Appointment, 187, 346, 348, 349 Aquinas, Thomas, 215 Aristode, 180, 211, 212, 214 Art, 21-33, 50, 51, 62,109, 144, 151,154,175,189,193,198, 201-204, 282, 313-316, 319-322, 352, 368, 400 © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022 K. Postoutenko et al. (eds.), Media and Communication in the Soviet Union (1917-1953), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88367-6 429
430 INDEX Artists, 21, 23-26, 28-32, 50, 51, 63, 65, 65ո22, 66, 72,110,151, 152, 168, 171, 198,200, 201, 203-205 Astrakhan, 289, 334 Audibility, 337, 338 Autobiography, 263, 278, 280 Avraamov, Arsemi, 109-111 В Baird, John, 330 Barkhudarov, Stepan, 385 Barnet, Boris, 111 Basil of Caesarea, 216 Bell, Alexander G., 329 Belin, Edouard, 296, 329 Bender, Ostap, 226 Blanter, Matvei, 113 Bocheński, Joseph, 359 Body private, 2,187-194 public, 2, 139-145, 149-161,165-180 Body politics, 191 Boguchar, Voronezh region, 336 Boisguillebert, Pierre le Pesant, sieur de, 216 Bolsheviks, 2-6, 8-11, 22, 26, 37, 38, 51, 52, 59, 60, 62, 63, 68, 76-78, 142, 143,145, 149-152, 154-156,160,165,167,170, 171,174,178,180,188,191, 192,197-203, 215, 217, 218, 221-225, 227, 228, 244, 246-251, 256-260, 263-265, 270, 271, 273, 274, 278, 280, 285-290, 295, 313, 314, 316, 320, 339, 346, 348, 357-362, 364-366, 369-371, 379, 381-385, 400, 403, 406,408, 418-120,422 Bolshevism, 6,150, 272, 359-361, 371 Boltanski, Luc, 271 Bonch-Bruevich, Mikhail, 52, 54, 54n6 Bourseul, Charles, 329 Brezhnev, Leonid, 129, 159-161 Broadcasting, 11,174, 332-339, 369 Bukharin, Nikolai, 11,170, 203, 361 Bureaucratization, 251 Byvshie, 246 C Campanella, Tommaso, 217 Cartography, 49-84 Cartoons, 200, 201 Catalogues, 65n22, 420 Caucasus, 155 Celebration, see Pmzdnik Censorship, 24, 25, 32, 53, 57, 60, 78, 83, 202, 204, 302, 378, 422, 423 of maps, 53 Central Asia, 106,155 Channels of communication, 293, 423 Chervonets, 219, 222, 228 СҺК, 60, 78, 419-420, 422, 424 Chrysippus, 216 Chrysostom, John, 216, 394 Circles of amateur cultural
production, 153 City, 3, 23, 28, 30, 37, 39-46, 98, 100,102, 104,109-111, 143, 158,192,216, 221,244, 255, 291, 292, 301-307, 304n2, 309, 317, 333, 334, 338, 339, 349, 369, 370, 399,420,421 Civilized behaviour, 198 Civil War (1918-1921), 152 Clapping, 11,97, 389-397, 400,402—106
INDEX Claque, see Applause, management of Collective farm, see Kolkhoz Communal apartment, see Kommunalka Communication centralization of (see Communication, management of) low credibility, 7 management of, 10, 167, 168, 288, 309 semantic poverty, 7 Communism, 2,11, 62, 69, 218, 224, 248, 249, 252, 351 Communities distributed, 9 primordial, 106,114,127 VKP(b), 168 Community work day, 152,168 Complaints, 7, 221, 255-258, 261, 270, 274, 281, 309, 351 Complexity, 6, 9,11, 208, 212, 217, 219, 220, 305 reduction of, 6 Confessions, 8,140 Constantine, Emperor of Rome, 394 Corruption, 350, 351, 364,423 Council of People’s Commissars of the Soviet Union (SNK), 255, 289, 290, 377, 381, 384 Cultural revolution, 46, 50, 57, 152-154,156,172, 245 Cyprian, 2!6 Czechoslovakia, 160 D Dan, Fedor, 363 Davies, Sarah, 262 De Certeau, Michel, 244 De Forest, Lee, 329, 331 Defeatism, 421, 425 431 Deineka, Aleksandr, 157 Democracy, 6,139,172,175, 203, 285,351,417 Den’ pobedy, 159, 160 See also Victory Day Denunciations, 2, 250, 258, 269-274, 419 Deviance, 358, 372 Diaries, 2,191, 243-252, 270, 278 Diogenes of Sinope, 216 Disciplining, 418-420 Discourse, 2,11,41, 50,70,75,156, 166,179,189,227,228,244,248, 258,277,280,285, 313,314, 321, 351-354, 366, 367, 369, 372 Djilas, Milovan, 371 E Education, 39,142,174,177,180, 197,198, 201, 265, 279, 280, 314, 321,322, 358,359, 378-383, 385, 386, 419 Efimov, Boris, 200 Efremenko, Lukian, 382 Ego-documents, 243, 245-247, 249 Eisenstein, Sergei, 66, 315, 318 Ekaterinburg, 334 Ekk, Nikolai, 317 Election, 6,141, 142,145,173, 329, 347, 349, 386 Elites, 22, 28, 30,
32, 33,45, 46,129, 157,158,161,173, 227, 257, 301, 305-307, 309, 313, 336, 345, 349, 365, 377, 386 Enemies of the people, 6, 27, 59, 246 Epping-Jäger, Cornelia, 330, 331 Erofeev, Vladimir, 106 Euphemisms, see Aesopian language Evreinov, Nikolai, 176 Exhibitions, 29, 31, 32, 45, 200, 248, 318
432 INDEX Extrajudicial means, 418 Ezhov, Nikolai, 59, 60, 419 Gold-backed ruble, see Chervonets Golokhvastov, Dmitrii, 397 Gorky, Maxim, 199, 304, 338 Gosizdat, 23-25,199, 202, 376-379, 381,383 Govorov, Aleksandr, 376, 378, 381 Granovskii, Timofei, 398 Graticule, 63-65, 67, 70 Gray, Elisha, 329 ”Great Patriotic War” (1941-1945), 9, 98, 159 Great Terror, 131, 158, 193, 249, 251,262, 264, 273, 281, 357, 365-369 Great Turn, see Velikii perelem Guilt, 359, 369 Gulianiia, 67,157,165-180 F Face-to-face society, 396^100, 402 interaction in, 127, 392, 393, 395,406 Family, 10, 22, 106, 112, 122,124, 126, 127,131, 145,150,155, 158,187-193, 249, 250, 263, 264, 273, 280-282, 290, 301, 354, 368 Feedback, 6,12, 225, 390, 391, 393-395, 397, 398, 400, 401, 403, 405,406, 423,424 Feuchtwanger, Ludwig, 366 Film famine, 321 First World War, see World War I Fitzpatrick, Sheila, 188, 246, 258, 259, 265, 278, 359, 360, 380, 403 Five-Year Plan, 31, 55, 153, 154,170, 172, 245, 296 Fizkul'turnyi parad {see Sports parades) Former people, see Byvshie Foucault, Michel, 141, 211, 244, 417, 419,422 H Halfin, Igal, 244,247-249, 264, 367 Hellbeck, Jochen, 33,191, 244, 245, 247-249, 251, 278 Homo Soviéticas, 419 Hood, Robin, 217 Housing, 40-42, 44, 45, 178,192, 257, 306, 309, 349,418 Hughes, Charles, 329 Hungary, 104, 160 G Gastev, Aleksei, 110, 111 Gathering, see Miting՛; Sobrante Gel’man, Izrail’, 190 Gender roles, 188, 281-282 General plan, 4İHİ3, 61, 306 Gide, André, 366 Global, 5, 51, 62, 65, 68, 69, 78,103, 214,218,219, 222,223,252, 293, 332-333, 364, 371, 397 I Iagoda, Genrikh, 59, 420 Iakutsk, 334
Iconography, 21, 23, 28, 46, 201, 210 Icons, 8, 21, 32, 50, 50ո2,173, 210 Identity, 82,169,178, 191, 200, 213, 244, 245, 249, 251, 259, 260, 265, 278,281, 353, 358, 360, 369 social, 246
INDEX Ideology, 2, 8, 50, 51, 62-75, 172, 192,194, 224, 227, 228, 244, 248,249, 252, 265, 307, 314-316, 319, 321, 364, 366, 376, 377, 385, 386 Illiteracy, see Literacy, lack of Individualism, 249 Inequality, 121, 216, 291, 302-305, 308, 351 Inflation, 154 semantic, 7, 400,403 Informants, 419-421 Information in communication, 51, 82 incomplete, 7 in society, 6 Interaction, 2,4-9,12, 33,127,132, 139,158,174,175, 207, 209, 212, 217, 227, 266, 285, 302, 390-393, 395, 398, 400, 402, 403,406,408 Intimacy, 122, 126, 187-189, 192, 250,261 Irkutsk, 287, 288, 334 Isakovskii, Mikhail, 113 Iutkevich Sergei, 111 J 433 Khlevniuk, Oleg, 10,170,172, 256,425 Khrushchev, Nikita, 127 Khrushchev, Sergei, 149-161, 309, 371 Kilpatrick, William, 377 Kirov, Sergei, 27,107,131, 384 Kiselev, Aleksei, 362 Koestier, Arthur, 366, 393 kolkhoz, 144, 221, 227, 273, 305, 425 Kollontai, Alexandra, 189, 400 Koloskov, Georgii, 382, 383 Kommunalka, 192, 306, 309 Komsomol, 27,108,140,142,143, 153,189, 203, 272, 383 Koretskii, Viktor, 24, 70, 223 Kotkin, Stephen, 140,158,192, 244, 260, 272 Kozlova, Natal'ia, 220, 223, 258, 403 Krasnala elka, see Red Christmas Tree Krest'ianskaia¿azeta (newspaper), 201-202, 260,261 Krupenskii, Pavel, 398 Krupskaia, Nadezhda, 379 Kruzbki samodeiateVnosti, see Circles of amateur cultural production Kulaks, 246, 250, 361, 367, 370 Kuleshov, Lev, 315 Kuľturnost, 21, 198,248 Jenkins, Charles, 329 Jouhaud, Christian, 271 L К Kaganovich, Lazar, 41-43 Kalinin, Mikhail, 255, 257, 263, 339 Kautsky, Karl, 216 Kazan, 287, 289, 301, 332, 334 Kelly, Catriona, 188, 248 Kerensky, Alexander, 398,
399 Khabarovsk, 334 Khalatov, Artemii, 381 Khar’kov, 335 Leaders, 4-11, 13, 21, 22, 26-29, 32, 38, 39,41,45,46, 59, 60, 68, 103, 127-129,131,149,151, 152,157-159,179,197-199, 201,216, 221,223,226, 256-265, 270, 271, 274, 286, 289-291, 295, 297, 305, 308, 314, 348, 351, 353, 364, 368, 369, 395, 399^03, 405-408, 420,424,425 images of, 26
434 INDEX Lenin (Ulianov), Vladimir, 3, 4, 7, 28, 38, 39,41,43, 50, 52,62,69,111, 126,151,161,171,174,192, 197-200,223,224,226,228,250, 282,285,288,313, 315, 322, 332, 358, 359, 361, 362, 364, 365, 369-371,379,399-^04,408 Leningrad, see Petrograd Lenoe, Matthew, 197,199, 256, 260, 265 Lermontov, Mikhail, 205 Letters, 2,13, 80,143,144,205,208, 226,251,255-266,270-274, 285,287,290, 302,403,422,424 Letter-writing, 258, 259, 262, 265, 286 Literacy, 12, 38,174,198, 203, 259, 265, 286, 386 lack of, 26,178,198, 202, 248 Livshin, Aleksandr, 225, 261, 263, 265, 406 Locke, John, 215 Love, 187,189,191,193, 259 romantic, 188-191 Loyalty, 3, 6, 26, 27,107, 149,150, 179, 220, 225, 245, 246, 249, 259, 261, 264, 346-348, 352, 364, 366,403 Lunacharskii, Anatolii, 28, 29, 379 Lycurgus, 216 Lyons, Eugene, 41, 366 Lysenko, Trofim, 245, 384 M Maiakovskii, Vladimir, 10, 65, 65n23, 68, 200, 201 Manifestation, see Miting Maps educational, 54, 59 territorial, 53, 59, 70, 72, 73, 75 topographical, 50, 51, 53, 56, 61, 77, 79, 80 Marconi, Guglielmo, 328 Martov (Tsederbaum), Iulii, 363 Marx, Karl, 63, 209, 212, 218-221, 223, 371 Mass festivals, 149-161 Master narratives, 11, 247 May Day, 38,41,149,151,166, 167,178 Media of communication, 208 Mediatization, 11, 259, 330 Medvedev, Sergei, 177, 369 Meeting, 26,41,43,126,127, 139-144,150,151,153,159, 166-170,175,179, 220, 225, 245,256,261,273,279, 281, 347, 352, 362,400,403,406,407 at work, 8 See also Gathering; Sóbrame Metanarrative, 38, 46, 351, 352 Metro, 41—43, 45, 278 Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 111 Miting, 8,10, 49,150,151,154, 156, 165,166,170,171,174,175,
178-180, 212, 217, 257, 339, 352,419,420 Modernity, 25, 49, 50,188,189, 202, 285 Molotov, Vyacheslav, 272, 385, 401, 403 Money measure of value, 211 medium of communication, 207-214,218-228 store of value, 211, 221-223 time invariance of, 209 token of exchange, 209 tool of propaganda, 227-228 More, Thomas, 223 Morozov, Pavlik, 249, 383 Moscow, 10, 23,24, 30, 37-39, 41—43, 45,46, 50,55-57, 63, 67, 68, 74,104-107,109-112, 152,153,159,160,173, 256,
INDEX 257, 263, 278, 286-288, 291, 292, 294, 295, ЗОЇ, 303-307, 314, 317, 332-339, 380, 397, 399,403,407, 420, 421 N Nero, 394, 396 Networks, 3,10, 65,104,124, 144, 199, 257, 286-289, 291-297, 301-309, 314, 318, 330, 332-334, 337, 338, 369, 379 face-to-face, 8 New Economic Policy (NEP), 2, 9, 23, 57,143, 152,168,170, 198, 201-203,219, 291,315,361 Newspapers, 6, 54n6, 108, 110, 112, 140,141,143,144,197, 199-204, 248, 259-261, 263, 270, 272, 282, 285, 332, 339, 382,400, 424 Newspeak, 9 NKVD, see People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs Noise, 99,101,107, 330, 395 industrial, 97, 98,103,104, 109, 114 Nomenklatura, 257, 345-355, 372 Non-Bolshevik behaviour, 279, 281 Novosibirsk, 294, 334 О Obradovich, Sergei, 399 October Revolution, 215, 216, 353, 366 Officials, 2,13,24,28-32, 39,45, 56, 59,6!, 70, 77,78, 80-83, 143-145,150,151,154-157,159, 160,166,167,169,171,173, 177-179,191,193,199,202-205, 243,245-247,252, 255-257,260, 435 265,270,272,273,280,285, 293, 304, 309, 313, 316, 321, 347-355, 360, 364-368, 379, 380, 400,403,408,419,423,425 OGPU, see All-Union State Political Administration Onomatopoeia, see Tone painting Opposition, 9,11, 33, 78,141,145, 160,169, 170, 208, 288, 295, 350-352, 357, 361, 362, 364-366, 368, 381,420, 423 Oresme, Nicholas von, 215 Ostuzhev, Aleksandr, 402 Ovations, 390, 394, 397, 399-401, 403,405 standing, 4, 7,12, 401,402 P Painting, 21, 28, 29, 31, 39,41, 96, 157,159 Palace of Soviets, 42, 43 Pankratova, Anna, 384, 385 Panopticon, 9, 419 Paperno, Irina, 251 Parady fizkuľturnikov, see Sports parades Partiinosť, see Party allegiance Party allegiance,
203, 204 Patronage, 28-30, 32, 262 People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD), 54, 58-60, 72, 78, 83, 251, 257, 367, 368,404, 419, 421,423 Perception, 1, 50, 95,97,98,112,175, 177,208-210,262,265,289, 353 auditory, 97 Performative act, 8, 140 Personalisation, 39, 41 Personnel, 6, 55, 83,199, 200, 345-347 records, 346
436 INDEX Petitions, 12, 80, 245, 255-258, 261, 264 Petrograd, ЗО, 31, 83,105,110,150, 152,167,170, 287, 288, 291, 296nl, 303, 304, 317, 335, 338, 360, 362, 380,400, 421 Photography, 198, 204 Piatakov, Georgii, 60, 225 Piatnitskaia, Iuliia, 250, 251 Pimenov, Iutii, 159 Piotrovskii, Adrian, 315 Plato, 180, 214-216, 218-220, 222 Plautus, 396 Podlubnyi, Stepan, 249, 251 Podvoiskii, Nikolai, 154, 171 Pokrovskii, Mikhail, 385 Poland, 160 Politburo TsK, 26,167,172,174 Political carnival, 152,171 Political culture, 129 Polovoi vopros, see Sex question Popov, Aleksandr, 328 Portraits of leaders, 8, 10, 21, 26-28, 32,41,46,179 Postcards, 21, 23-25, 30 Posters, 1,11,13, 21-33, 38, 41, 51, 63, 65, 65n22, 67, 68, 70,192, 197, 200, 201, 203-205, 223, 262, 351, 352, 395 political, 23, 24, 63 Potresov, Aleksei, 363 Pravdu, newspaper, 26,112,144,170, 173,199-201,204, 259,270,273 Prazdnik, 41,45, 149-161, 165-180, 262, 399, 406 Print runs, 26, 27, 60 Private sphere, 158, 187, 188, 251 Privatization of history, 243 Privilege, 28, 32,110,131,187, 348-351, 354, 360 Proletariat, 62-64,190, 220, 224, 246, 349, 357-363, 370 Propaganda, 10, 24, 28, 30, 59, 63, 107, 109,141-143,151,154, 156,159,160,166-168,170, 174,193,197-201, 204, 205, 227-228, 246, 247, 258, 260, 265, 289, 302, 314, 316, 319, 332, 339, 367, 368,419,424 monumental, 28, 38 Protest, 129, 274, 364, 425 Public, 2, 3, 6, 7,10-13,26-28, 32, 33, 37,41,44, 51, 53, 54, 57, 60, 61, 79, 82,106,121-124,127, 139-145,149-161,165-180, 187-190,197-205, 207-228, 243, 249-251, 257-259, 261, 265, 270,271, 274, 277-282, 302, 305, 308, 313-317, 330,
336, 350, 352-354, 389, 390, 392, 394, 397-399,401-403, 406,408,418,425 Pudovkin, Vsevolod, 315, 318 Purge, 25, 57, 59,171, 205, 246, 270, 278-281, 349, 357,364-368 Pushkin, Alexander, 173, 205 Putin, Vladimir, 161, 408 Q Quintillian, 394 R Radek, Karl, 361 Radio broadcasting, 13, 332, 333, 336-338 communication, 327-339 receivers, 333, 337, 339 stations, 332, 334, 335, 337, 339 technology, 327, 330-332, 339 transmitters, 332
INDEX Radiofication, 333, 338, 339 Random signalling, 6 Recording, 96,102,103,105-107, 294,317 of sounds, 96,97,105-107,114, 317 Red Army, 28,29, 53, 55,68, 77, 79, 80, 82, 83,108,110,169,170, 190,199-201,205,289,420-422 Red calendar, 149,151,152,155,160 Red Christmas tree, 158 Red Square, 39,40,110,159, 288 Redundancy in communication, 7 Registration, 347,420,421 Reis, Johann, 329 Relief on maps, 53, 80, 81 Reporting, 23, 339, 385 Reports, see Svodki Repression, 2, 76,158,169, 188,193, 226, 270, 273, 297, 308, 360, 403,417,418,421,423, 425 Revolution global {see World) October (see Russian) Russian (see October revolution) world (see Global) Rituals religious, 8 Riutin, Martemian, 9, 369-372 Rodchenko, Aleksandr, 68, 201 Room, Abram, 317 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 175 Russian, 7, 22, 23, 50-52, 52n4, 58, 62, 63, 67,81,98,101,102, 104,105,109,110,113,114, 124,126-132,139,149-151, 159,161,166,168,175,188, 189,197-200, 202, 205, 223, 225, 227, 245, 246, 257, 260, 270, 272, 277, 282, 285-287, 290, 308, 328, 329, 333, 337, 339, 353, 357, 360, 377, 381, 397-399 437 Russian revolution, 7, 52, 67, 98,110, 126,149-151,159, 168,200, 225, 227, 257, 260, 287, 357, 360, 377 Rykov, Aleksandr, 170 S Saint Augustine, 394 Samokritika, 57, 269, 271, 278-281 Scale, on maps, 54, 61, 74, 80 Schafer, Raymond M., 95, 98,104, 109,330 Second World War, see World War II Secrecy, 51, 53, 57, 61, 75-84, 421-423 cartographic, 51, 76-84 Security, 25, 27, 53, 60, 69, 78, 81, 82, 84, 221,251,347, 419-421, 423 Self-criticism, see Samokritika Self-education, 174, 278, 281-282 Self-empowerment, 251 Self-
evaluation, 278, 279 Self-fashioning, 248, 249, 263 Self-reference, 208 Self-report, 3, 8, 277-282 Self-thematization, 10, 277, 280 Semantics, social, 7, 211, 212 Settings distributed (see Communities, distributed) interactional, 139-141, 391, 397, 399,400, 402 Sex question, 190 Sexuality, 189, 281, 282 Shaginian, Marietta, 143, 203 Shaw, Bernard, 366 Shits, Ivan, 270 Shliapnikov, Aleksandr, 360-362 Shorin, Aleksandr, 105-107, 296, 317 Shul’gin, Viktor, 379, 381, 382
438 INDEX Shumiatskii, Boris, 320, 321 Siegelbaum, Lewis, 255 Signals, 6, 7, 27,101,102,111,112, 115,213, 221,223, 269, 270, 273, 274, 282, 293, 335, 337, 396, 403 Sobornosť, see Togetherness Sobrante, 8,150, 151,156, 165,166, 170,174,175,180, 212, 257, 352,419, 420 Socialism, 41^46, 64,171,175, 200, 246, 260, 264, 285, 308, 321, 351, 363, 367, 371,418, 420 Socialist competition, 155, 173 Socialist realism, 22, 28, 203, 204, 247, 320 Socialist realist, 203 Socrates, 214, 215 Sound cinema, 107, 319 design, 8, 95, 97, 98, 103, 105-107,109,112,114,115 Soundscapes, 95, 98-114, 330 Soviet citizen, 8,10, 33, 61, 159,188, 193, 200, 205, 244-247, 249-252, 258-260, 263, 264, 269, 271, 272, 278, 293, 322, 337, 405, 419, 422 Soviet civilisation, 43, 244, 252, 265 Soviet Constitution of 1936, 6, 401, 403, 422 Soviet holiday, 155-157,159, 160 Soviet “new human being,” 246, 247, 418 Soviet self, 191, 243-245 Soviet shock workers, see Stakhanovites Soviet state, 5, 7, 12, 28, 29, 39, 61, 68n26, 77,107, 131,142,143, 192, 200, 222, 224, 244, 245, 256, 257, 265, 271, 316, 376, 389, 406 Soviet subjectivity, 244, 265 Soviet Union, 2, 3, 5-7,11,13, 22, 27, 41^5, 58,61,62, 70-74, 79n33, 97-99,106,107,110,111, 126-129,131,140,142,150, 153,155,156,159,160,166, 170,172,175,177,187-189, 193.197.198, 200-202,221, 222,224,225, 243,245, 271, 273,274,277,282,286, 291-297, 308, 309, 317, 318, 329, 331-339, 376, 385,402, 404,405, 418,422,423 Sovznak, 228 Spatial knowledge, 61, 76, 84 Special settlers, 421 Speech, 6, 7,41,42, 96,140, 166, 208, 209, 223, 270, 308, 319, 329, 331, 332, 352, 353, 362, 392-394,
396-398, 400, 403, 406, 407,407n2 entropy vs. information, 209 Sports parades, 159,169 Stakhanovites, 157,172, 245, 259, 278, 306, 351 Stalin (Dzhugashvili), Iosif, 3, 22, 39, 57, 104,126,141,156,169, 193.198, 220, 250, 256, 270, 302, 313, 335-339, 346, 36!, 381,399-404,424 cult of, 11,157,159,172 Stalinism, 13, 57,143-145,150, 156-158, 228, 244, 248, 322, 402,423 Stalinist society, 12, 245, 389, 390 State-building, 62, 68, 205 Street festivities, see Gulianiia Subbotnik, see Community work day Supervision, 24, 25, 30, 61, 346, 376, 400 Supplicants, 258, 259 Surveillance, 4, 7,10,174, 247, 251, 265, 293,417^425
INDEX Suvorin, Aleksei, 199 Sverdlov, Yakov, 346 Sverdlova, Klavdia, 378, 379 Spodki, 27,129,142,144, 145, 170, 171,173,177, 201,256, 278-281,288, 336,353, 424,425 Symbols revolutionary, 67, 150 tsarist, 39 System closure of, 404 of communication, 145 political, 11,13, 348, 389 social, 5,132, 208, 209, 213 T Tager, Pavel, 105, 317 Taylor, Frederick, 111 Telegraph, 3,10, 23, 224, 285-297, 303, 307, 308, 328, 330 hierarchies, 289-293, 308 Telephone, 3,10,104,192, 257, 262, 285, 286, 291, 293, 294, 297, 301-309, 319, 329, 330, 333, 336 Television, 38,129, 329, 330, 392 Territory, 52, 53, 55, 56, 61, 62, 64, 68, 70, 77, 79-81, 156,158, 205,257, 285-287, 297, 303, 304, 308, 334 Textbooks, 4, 6, 70, 202, 375-386 state control, 376, 381 Togetherness, 165,166,168, 175,180 Tolstoy, Lev, 205 Tone painting, 96 Totalitarianism, 330 Trotsky, Lev, 4, 5, 29, 62-63, 68, 69, 77,170, 308,361,365, 367-372, 400 439 Trotskyist, 11,141, 145, 271, 272, 274, 350 Trump, Donald, 396 Trust, social, 132 TsK, 26, 256 U Undercover work, 420 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), 2,3, 5-7,11,22, 27, 41-45,58,61,62, 70-74, 79n33, 97-99,106,107,110, 111, 126-129,131,140,142, 150,153,155,156,159,160, 166,170,172,175,177, 187-189,193,197,198, 200-202, 221, 222, 224, 225, 243, 245, 263, 271, 273, 274, 277, 282, 286, 289, 291-297, 308, 309, 317, 318, 322, 329, 331-339, 376, 385, 402, 404, 405,418, 422,423 V Velikii perelom, 154,155,170,172 Vergil, 394 Vertov, Dziga, 70n28, 97, 106-109, 315,317 Victory Day, 160 Vigilance, 156,171, 246, 250, 367, 368 Violence, 27, 63,155, 251, 271, 281, 330, 331,420 Visual
culture, 61, 62, 67-70, 197, 204 Visuality, 49 Voroshilov, Kliment, 29, 262-264 Vseviatskii, Boris, 385 VTsIK, 22, 23, 54,191,192, 255, 290
440 INDEX William I, King of Württemberg, 395 Wilson, Woodrow, 329 World, 5,8-Ю, 43,49, 51,62-65, 68-70,76,78,99,107,127,142, 151,158,176,187,188,198, 200,214,215,228,271,273, 274,287, 320, 332, 339, 350, 353, 358, 359, 362, 364, 367, 369 World War I, 22, 51, 52,102,104, 304n3,422 World War II, 112,113,115,127-128, 301, 304n2, 334, 338, 377 Writing, 175,189, 203, 208, 244, 245, 248, 251, 252, 257, 258,260, 265, 272, 274, 278, 280, 308, 331, 379,422 Wrongdoings, 272 Z Zamyatin, Evgeny, 187, 188 Zhdanov, Andrei, 384 Zinov’ev, Grigoril, 170, 361 Zworykin, Vladimir, 329 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München v ' |
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any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
author2 | Postoutenko, Kirill Jurʹevič Tichomirov, Aleksej Aleksandrovič 1979- Zakharine, Dmitri 1967- |
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author_GND | (DE-588)122710959 (DE-588)1050682092 (DE-588)130431117 |
author_facet | Postoutenko, Kirill Jurʹevič Tichomirov, Aleksej Aleksandrovič 1979- Zakharine, Dmitri 1967- |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV047877315 |
classification_rvk | NQ 5055 MG 85150 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1310247451 (DE-599)BVBBV047877315 |
discipline | Politologie Geschichte |
discipline_str_mv | Politologie Geschichte |
era | Geschichte 1917-1953 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1917-1953 |
format | Book |
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indexdate | 2024-11-05T17:04:47Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9783030883669 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033259717 |
oclc_num | 1310247451 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 DE-384 DE-12 DE-20 DE-706 DE-M352 DE-11 |
owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 DE-384 DE-12 DE-20 DE-706 DE-M352 DE-11 |
physical | xxiii, 440 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |
psigel | BSB_NED_20220421 |
publishDate | 2022 |
publishDateSearch | 2022 |
publishDateSort | 2022 |
publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
record_format | marc |
spelling | Media and communication in the Soviet Union (1917-1953) general perspectives Kirill Postoutenko, Alexey Tikhomirov, Dmitri Zakharine (editors) Cham, Switzerland Palgrave Macmillan [2022] © 2022 xxiii, 440 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1917-1953 gnd rswk-swf Medien (DE-588)4169187-8 gnd rswk-swf Kommunikation (DE-588)4031883-7 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Medien (DE-588)4169187-8 s Kommunikation (DE-588)4031883-7 s Geschichte 1917-1953 z DE-604 Postoutenko, Kirill Jurʹevič (DE-588)122710959 edt Tichomirov, Aleksej Aleksandrovič 1979- (DE-588)1050682092 edt Zakharine, Dmitri 1967- (DE-588)130431117 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-030-88367-6 (DE-604)BV047887769 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033259717&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033259717&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033259717&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
spellingShingle | Media and communication in the Soviet Union (1917-1953) general perspectives Medien (DE-588)4169187-8 gnd Kommunikation (DE-588)4031883-7 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4169187-8 (DE-588)4031883-7 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
title | Media and communication in the Soviet Union (1917-1953) general perspectives |
title_auth | Media and communication in the Soviet Union (1917-1953) general perspectives |
title_exact_search | Media and communication in the Soviet Union (1917-1953) general perspectives |
title_exact_search_txtP | Media and communication in the Soviet Union (1917-1953) general perspectives |
title_full | Media and communication in the Soviet Union (1917-1953) general perspectives Kirill Postoutenko, Alexey Tikhomirov, Dmitri Zakharine (editors) |
title_fullStr | Media and communication in the Soviet Union (1917-1953) general perspectives Kirill Postoutenko, Alexey Tikhomirov, Dmitri Zakharine (editors) |
title_full_unstemmed | Media and communication in the Soviet Union (1917-1953) general perspectives Kirill Postoutenko, Alexey Tikhomirov, Dmitri Zakharine (editors) |
title_short | Media and communication in the Soviet Union (1917-1953) |
title_sort | media and communication in the soviet union 1917 1953 general perspectives |
title_sub | general perspectives |
topic | Medien (DE-588)4169187-8 gnd Kommunikation (DE-588)4031883-7 gnd |
topic_facet | Medien Kommunikation Sowjetunion Aufsatzsammlung |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033259717&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033259717&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033259717&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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