The Russian military intervention in Syria:
"Since the demise of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia has tried to restore its lost status, prestige, and influence in the global political arena. At the same time, internal political challenges and international events--such as the Arab Spring and the colour revolutions in former Soviet republ...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Montreal ; Kingston ; London ; Chicago
McGill-Queen's University Press
[2022]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Since the demise of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia has tried to restore its lost status, prestige, and influence in the global political arena. At the same time, internal political challenges and international events--such as the Arab Spring and the colour revolutions in former Soviet republics--have threatened the security and the national interests of the country. Taking these challenges and opportunities into account, The Russian Military Intervention in Syria examines Russia's assertive foreign policy and its attempts to protect its geostrategic interests in the Middle East and former Soviet territory. Ohannes Geukjian analyzes the history of Russian military presence in the Middle East and the country's growing frustration with American and Western policy, revealing the objectives behind Russia's use of military power--namely, to maintain its regional influence in Eurasia and to enhance its status in the world. Geukjian provides a detailed examination of the Geneva and Astana peace processes, the geopolitical objectives of Turkey, Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia, and how disagreements between Russia and the United States over issues of regime change, global security, and armaments have negative implications for international conflict management. The Russian Military Intervention in Syria is an authoritative overview, based on a wide range of new and updated sources, providing a fresh interpretation and analysis of Russia's foreign policy goals and Russian diplomacy in handling the Syrian conflict."-- |
| Beschreibung: | 305 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780228008309 9780228008293 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV047873433 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20230526 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 220308s2022 b||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9780228008309 |c Paperback |9 978-0-2280-0830-9 | ||
| 020 | |a 9780228008293 |c Hardback |9 978-0-2280-0829-3 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1319625822 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV047873433 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-521 |a DE-706 |a DE-703 |a DE-12 | ||
| 084 | |a OST |q DE-12 |2 fid | ||
| 084 | |a ML 7250 |0 (DE-625)123210: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a ML 9300 |0 (DE-625)123294: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a ML 9378 |0 (DE-625)123356: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Geukjian, Ohannes |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1256392014 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The Russian military intervention in Syria |c Ohannes Geukjian |
| 264 | 1 | |a Montreal ; Kingston ; London ; Chicago |b McGill-Queen's University Press |c [2022] | |
| 300 | |a 305 Seiten | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 505 | 8 | |a Post-Soviet Foreign Policy, 1991-2000 -- Russian Foreign Policy, 2001-11 -- Prelude to Military Intervention, 2011-14 -- The Objectives of Russia's Military Intervention, 2015-17 -- Russian Diplomacy, War, and Peace Making, 2017-19 | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "Since the demise of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia has tried to restore its lost status, prestige, and influence in the global political arena. At the same time, internal political challenges and international events--such as the Arab Spring and the colour revolutions in former Soviet republics--have threatened the security and the national interests of the country. Taking these challenges and opportunities into account, The Russian Military Intervention in Syria examines Russia's assertive foreign policy and its attempts to protect its geostrategic interests in the Middle East and former Soviet territory. Ohannes Geukjian analyzes the history of Russian military presence in the Middle East and the country's growing frustration with American and Western policy, revealing the objectives behind Russia's use of military power--namely, to maintain its regional influence in Eurasia and to enhance its status in the world. Geukjian provides a detailed examination of the Geneva and Astana peace processes, the geopolitical objectives of Turkey, Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia, and how disagreements between Russia and the United States over issues of regime change, global security, and armaments have negative implications for international conflict management. The Russian Military Intervention in Syria is an authoritative overview, based on a wide range of new and updated sources, providing a fresh interpretation and analysis of Russia's foreign policy goals and Russian diplomacy in handling the Syrian conflict."-- | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1991-2019 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Bürgerkrieg in Syrien |0 (DE-588)1041651422 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Geopolitik |0 (DE-588)4156741-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Militärische Intervention |0 (DE-588)4027497-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Außenpolitik |0 (DE-588)4003846-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 7 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Naher Osten |0 (DE-588)4068878-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Syria / History / Civil War, 2011- | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / Middle East | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Middle East / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation) | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Russia (Federation) / Military policy | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Naher Osten |0 (DE-588)4068878-1 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Bürgerkrieg in Syrien |0 (DE-588)1041651422 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Militärische Intervention |0 (DE-588)4027497-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Geopolitik |0 (DE-588)4156741-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 5 | |a Außenpolitik |0 (DE-588)4003846-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 6 | |a Geschichte 1991-2019 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, PDF |z 978-0-2280-0945-0 |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, EPUB |z 978-0-2280-0946-7 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033255904&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033255904&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Literaturverzeichnis |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033255904&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Register // Gemischte Register |
| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 940 | 1 | |q BSB_NED_20220609 | |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033255904 | ||
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 355.009 |e 22/bsb |f 090512 |g 56 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 355 |e 22/bsb |f 09049 |g 471 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909 |e 22/bsb |f 090513 |g 56 |
| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 909 |e 22/bsb |f 090511 |g 471 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804183464855994368 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents Introduction: Theoretical Framework, Methodology, and Structure i Post-Soviet Foreign Policy, 1991-2000 2 3 Russian Foreign Policy, 2001-11 3 27 51 Prelude to Military Intervention, 2011-14 85 4 The Objectives of Russia’s Military Intervention, 2015-17 5 Russian Diplomacy, War, and Peace Making, 2017-19 Conclusion 131 191 227 Appendix A: Provisions Agreed Upon During the Second Inter-Syrian Consultative Meeting, Moscow, 9 April 2015 239 Appendix B: The Russian Eight-Point Plan, November 2015 Notes 243 Bibliography Index 297 285 241
Bibliography ARCHIVES Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation. 28 June 2000. ֊ 12 January 2008. - 30 November 2016. Itar-Tass News Agency (in English). FBis-sov-2000-0612,12 June 2000 - FBIS-S0V-2003-0317,17 March 2003. Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation. 22 April 2000. - 5 February 2010. - 25 December 2014. National Defense Strategy of the USA. 18 December 2017. National Security Concept of the Russian Federation. 10 January 2000. Rossiiskaya Gazeta. 26 December 1997· Foreign FBis-sov-97-364,30 Decem ber 1997. ֊ 27 May 2004. Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press 56, no. 21 (2004), 1. - “Russia and France Will not Allow Passage of War Resolution in Iraq.” FBiS-SOV-2003-0305, 5 March 2003. Russia’s Updated National Security Strategy. 1 January 2016. United Nations Security Council. Resolution 1483, s/RES/1483. Adopted by the Security Council at its 4761st meeting, 22 May 2003. - Draft Resolution 10403, s/RES/10403. Considered by the Security Coun cil at its 6227th meeting, 4 October 2011. - Draft Resolution 1053.6, s/RES/10536. Considered by the Security Coun cil at its 6711th meeting, 4 February 2012. - Draft Resolution 10714, s/RES/10714. Considered by the Security Coun cil at its 6810th meeting, 19 July 2012.
286 Bibliography - Resolution 1559, s/RES/1559. Adopted by the Security Council at its 5028th meeting, 2 September 2004. - Resolution 1737, s/RES/1737. Adopted by the Security Council at its 5612th meeting, 23 December 2006. - Resolution 1747, s/RES/1747. Adopted by the Security Council at its 5647th meeting, 24 March 2007. ֊ Resolution 1929, s/RES/1929. Adopted by the Security Council at its 6335th meeting, 9 June 2010. - Resolution 2118, s/res/2ii8. Adopted by the Security Council at its 703 8th meeting, 27 September 2013. - Resolution 2139, s/RES/2139. Adopted by the Security Council at its 7116th meeting, 22 February 2014. - Resolution 2170, s/RES/2170. Adopted by the Security Council at its 7242nd meeting, 15 August 2014. - Resolution 2178, s/RES/2178. Adopted by the Security Council at its 7271st meeting, 24 September 2014. - Resolution 2254, s/RES/2254. Adopted by the Security Council at its 7588th meeting, 18 December 2015. PRINTED SOURCES Altaqi, Samir, and Esam Aziz. “Putin’s Game Plan in the Middle East.” Middle East Briefing 130, no. 9 (June 2016): 1-2. Antonenko, Oskana. “Russia and the Deadlock Over Kosovo.” Survival 49, no. 3 (July 2007): 91-106. Baev, Pavel K. Russian Energy and Military Power, Putin’s Questfor Greatness. London and New York: Routledge, 2008. Belopolsky, Helen. Russia and the Challengers: Russian Alignment with China, Iran, and Iraq in the Unipolar Era. Houndmills and Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Bryman, Alan. Quantity and Quality in Social Research. London and New York: Routledge, 1996. Brzezinski, Zbigniew. “Putin’s Choice.” In
Global Power in the 21st Century: Strategies and Relations, edited by Alexander T.J. Lennon and Amanda Kozlouski, 175-200. Cambridge: The Center for Strategic and Interna tional Studies and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. Bull, Hedley. The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. Buzan, Barry. “Third World Regional Security in Structural Perspective.” In
Bibliography 287 The Insecurity Dilemma: National Security of Third World States,edited by Brian L. Job, 167-89. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner, 1992. Byman, Daniel. “Beyond Counterterrorism, Washington Needs a Real Middle East Policy?Foreign Affairs 94, no. 6 (November/December 2015): 11-18. Christensen, Alessandra N. The Making ofthe European Neighborhood Policy. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2011. Cimbala, Stephen J. “Russia and European Missile Defenses, Reflexive Keseri”Joint Force Quarterly 68, ist quarter (January 2013): 10-17. Clunan, Anne L. “Historical Aspirations and the Domestic Politics of Rus sia’s Pursuit of International Status.” Communist and Post-Communist Stud ies 47, nos. 3-4 (2014): 281-90. Conley, Heather A., James Mina, Ruslan Stefanov, and Martin Vladimirov. The Kremlin Playbook: Understanding Russian Influence in Central and East ern Europe. Boulder and New York: Rowman Littlefield, 2016. Corbetta, Renato, and Molly M. Melin. “Exploring the Threshold Between Conflict Management and Joining in Biased Interventions.”Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, no. 10 (November 2018): 2205-35. Daalder, Ivo H. “Responding to Russia’s Resurgence, not Quiet on the East ern Front.” Foreign Affairs 96, no. 6 (November/December 2017): 30-8. Danilovic, Vesna, and Joe Clare. “Global Power Transitions and Regional Interests.” International Interactions 33 (2007): 289-304. D’antonio, Michael. The Legacy ofBarak Obama: A Consequential President. New York: St Martin’s Press, 20x6. De Hass, Marcel. Russia’s Foreign Security Policy in the 21st Century: Putin, Medvedev and Beyond.
Abingdon: Routledge, 2011. Deyermond, Ruth. “Russia’s Trump Card? The Prospects for Russia-US Relations After the Election of Donald Trump.” Russian Analytical Digest 194 (9 December 2016): 2-4. Donaldson, Robert H., Joseph L. Nogee, and Vidya Nadkarni. The Foreign Policy ofRussia: Challenging Systems, Enduring Interests. Fifth edition. Lon don and New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2014. Dore, P.R. “The Prestige Factor in International Affairs.” International Affairs 51, no. 2 (April 1975): 190-207. Duncan, Peter S.J. “The Rebirth of Politics in Russia.” In The Road to Post Communism, Independent Political Movements in the Soviet Union ірЗу-іруі, edited by Geoffrey A. Hosking, Jonathan Aves, and Peter S.J. Duncan, 67-120. London and New York: Printer Publishers, 1992. Evangelista, Matthew. The Chechen Wars: Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union? Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2002.
288 Bibliography Forsberg, Tuomas, Regina Heller, and Reinhard Wolf. “Status Conflicts Between Russia and the West: Perceptions and Emotional Biases.” Com munist and Post-Communist Studies 47, nos. 3-4 (2014): 323-31. - “Status and Emotions.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 47, nos. 3-4 (2014): 261-8. Freedman, Robert O. Soviet Policy Toward the Middle East Since 1970. New York and London: Praeger, 1978. Freire, Maria R., and Regina Heller. “Russia’s Power Politics in Ukraine and Syria: Status-Seeking between Identity, Opportunity and Costs.” EuropeAsia Studies 70, no. 8 (2018): 1185-212. Fridman, Ofer. Russian “Hybrid Warfare”Resurgence and Politicization. Lon don: Hurst Company, 2018. Gaddy, Clifford G., and Andrew C. Kuchins. “Putin’s Plan.” In Global Power in the 21st Century: Strategies and Relations, edited by Alexander T.J. Lennon and Amanda Kozlowski, 201-16. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2008. Gerges, Fawaz A. ISIS, A History. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2016. German, Tracy. Regional Cooperation in the South Caucasus, Good Neighbours or Distant Relatives? London and New York: Ashgate, 2012. Geukjian, Ohannes.“The Objectives of Russia’s Military Intervention in Syria.” The Maghreb Review 42, no. 3 (2017): 274-306. Giles, Keir, Philip Janson, Rideric Lyne, James Nixey, James Sherr, and Andrew Wood. The Russian Challenge. London: Chatham House Report, June 2015. Gilpin, Robert. War and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Goldgeier, James Μ. Power and Purpose: US Policy Toward Russia after the Cold War.
Washington, DC: Brookings Institute Press, 20Ö3. Goodarzi, Jubin Μ. Syria and Iran: Diplomatic Alliance and Power Politics in the Middle East. London and New York: LB. Tauris, 2009. Grodeland, Ase B. “Perceptions of Civil Rights, Security and the War on Ter ror.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 48, no. 4 (December 2015): 317-35· Haass, Richard. Conflicts Unending: The United States and Regional Disputes. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990. - A World in Disarray: American Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Old Order. New York: Penguin Press, 2017. Hampson, Osler. Nurturing Peace, Why Peace Settlements Succeed or Fail. Wash ington, DC: usip Press, 1996.
Bibliography 289 Headley, James. Russia and the Balkans. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009. Hill, Fiona, and Clifford G. Gady. Mr. Putin, Operative in the Kremlin. Wash ington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2015. Holsti, Kalevi K. “National Pole Conceptions in the Study of Foreign Poli cy? International Studies Quarterly 14, no. 3 (1970): 233-309. Hunter, Shireen T. Iran Divided: The Historical Roots ofIranian Debates on Identity, Culture, and Governance in the Twenty-First Century. London and New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2014. Indyk, Martin. “Disaster in the Desert: Why Trump’s Middle East Plan Can’t Work.” Foreign Affairs 98, no. 6 (November/December 2019): 10-20. Jenkins, Brian Μ. “A Revanchist Russia Versus an Uncertain West: An Appli cation of the Situation Since the 2014 Ukrainian Crisis.” Center for the Study of Democracy, Working Paper, December 2016,1-22. Jentleson, Bruce. “Preventive Diplomacy and Ethnic Conflict: Possible, Dif ficult, Necessary? In The International Spread ofEthnic Conflict: Fear, Diffu sion, Escalation, edited by David A. Lake and Donald Rothchild, 293-316. Princeton, Nj: Princeton University Press, 1998. Jones, Stephen. Georgia, A Political History Since Independence. London and New York: LB. Tauris, 2013. Kandiyoti, Rafael. Pipelines, Flowing Oil and Crude Politics. London and New York: LB. Tauris, 2008. Karaganov, Sergei. “Russia’s Choice.” Survival 52, no. 1 (February/March 2010): 5-10. Katz, Mark N. “Elusive as Ever: The State of Iranian-Russian Cooperation.” Viewpoints. Middle East Program, Wilson Center no. 73 (March
2015): i֊3Khripunov, Igor. “Russia’s Weapon’s Trade: Domestic Competition and For eign Markets.” Problems ofPost-Communism 46, no. 2 (March 1999): 39-48. King, Charles. Ending Civil Wars. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Kolsto, Pal, and Helge Blakisroad, eds. Nation-Building and Common Values in Russia. Boulder and Oxford: Roman and Littlefield, 2004. Kolvraa, Christopher, and Jan Ifversen. “The European Neighborhood Poli cy: Geopolitics or Value Export.” In The Frontiers ofEurope: A Transatlantic Problem?, edited by Federica Bindi and Irina Angelescu, 45-68. Rome and Washington: Scuola Superiore della Pubblica Amministrazione and Brookings Institute Press, 2011. Kozhanov, Nikolay. Russia and the Syrian Conflict, Moscow’s Domestic, Region al and Strategic Interests. Berlin: Gerlach Press, 2016.
290 Bibliography Kreutz, Andrej. Russia in the Middle East, Friend or Foe? Westport and Con necticut: Praeger, 2007. Lake, David A., and Donald Rothchild. “Containing Fear: The Origins and Management of Ethnie Conflict.” In Nationalism and Ethnie Conflict, edit ed by Michael E. Brown, Owen R. Cote Jr, Sean Μ. Lynn-Jones, and Steven Miller, 97-131. Cambridge and London: The mit Press, 1996-97. Laqueur, Walter. Putinism: Russia and its Future with the West. New York: St Martin’s Press, 2015. Larson, Deborah W, Thomas V. Paul, and William C. Wohlforth. “Status and World Order.” In Status in World Politics, edited by Thomas V. Paul, Debo rah W. Larson, and William C. Wohlforth, 3-29. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Larson, Deborah W, and Alexei Shevchenko. “Managing Rising Powers: The Role of Status Concerns.” In Status in World Politics, edited by Thomas V. Paul, Deborah W Larson, and William C. Wohlforth, 33-57. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. - “Russia Says No: Power, Status, and Emotions in Foreign Policy? Commu nist and Post-Communist Studies 47, nos. 3-4 (2014): 269-79. Leenders, Reinoud, and Steven Heyderman. “Popular Mobilization in Syria: Opportunities and Threat, and the Social Networks of the Early Riser.” Mediterranean Politics 17, no. 2 (July 2012): 139-59. Leichtova, Magda. Misunderstanding Russia: Russian Foreign Policy and the West. Farnham, md: Ashgate, 2014. Levy, Jack S. War in the Modern Great Power System. Lexington: Kentucky University Press, 1983. Lister, Charles R. The Syrian Jihad, Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Evolu
tion ofan Insurgency. London: Hurst and Company, 2015. Lo, Bobo. Russia and the New World Disorder. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2015. Lukin, Vladimir. “Russia and its Interests.” In Rethinking Russia’s National Interest, edited by Stephen Sestanovich, 106-15. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1994. Lukyanov, Fyodor. “Putin’s Foreign Policy, The Quest to Restore Russia’s Rightful Place,”Foreign /flairs 95, no. 3 (May/June 2016): 30-7. Lynch, Allen C.“The Realism of Russia’s Foreign Policy? Europe Asia Studies 53, no. i (2001): 7-31. Lyne, Roderic. “Russia’s Changed Outlook on the West: From Convergence to Confrontation.” In The Russian Challenge, by Keir Giles, Philip Janson, Roderic Lyne, James Nixey, James Sherr, and Andrew Wood, 2-13. Lon don: Chatham House Report, June 2015.
Bibliography 291 Makarychev, Andrey. Russia and the Ευ in a Multipolar World: Discourses, Iden tities, Norms. Stuttgart: Ibidim-Verlag, 2014. Malcolm, Neil. “New Thinking and After: Debate in Moscow about Europe.” In Russia and Europe: an End to Confrontation, edited by Neil Malcolm, 151-81. London and New York: Printer Publishers, 1994. Malinova, Olga. “Russian Political Discourse in the 1990s: crisis of Identity and Conflicting Pluralism of Ideas.” In Identities and Politics During the Putin Presidency: The Foundations ofRussia’s Stability, edited by Philipp Casula and Jeronim Perovič, 107-24. Stuttgart: Ibidim-Verlag, 2009. Mankoff, Jeffrey. Russian Foreign Policy, the Return of Great Power Politics. Boulder and New York: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2009. McCants, William. The ISIS Apocalypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of the Islamic State. New York: St Martin’s Press, 2015. McCauley, Martin. Gorbachev. London and New York: Longman, 1998. Mearsheimer,John J. “Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West’s Fault: the Liber al Delusions that Provoked Putin.” Foreign Affairs 93, no. 5 (September/ October 2014): 77-89. Morgenthau, Hans. Politics Among Nations: The Strugglefor Power and Peace. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978. Nitoiu, Cristian. “Aspirations to Great Power Status: Russia’s Path to Assertiveness in the International Arena under Putin.” Political Studies Review 15, no. i (2017): 39-48. Nixey, James. “Russian Foreign Policy Towards the West and Western Responses.” In The Russian Challenge, by Keir Giles, Philip Janson, Rideric Lyne, James Nixey, James
Sherr, and Andrew Wood. London: Chatham House Report, June 2015. Nizameddin, Talal. Putin’s New Order in the Middle East. London: Hurst Company, 2013. Organski, A.F.K. World Politics. New York: Knopf Press, 1958. Organski, A.F.K., and J. Kuglar. The War Ledger. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1980. Ottaway, David B. “A New Chapter in the Tangled U.S.-Saudi Relationship.” Viewpoints. Middle East Program, Wilson Center no. 62 (September 2014): 1-3. Paul, Thomas V., and Mahesh Shankar. “Status Accommodation through Institutional Means: India’s Rise and the Global Order.” In Status in World Politics, edited by Thomas V. Paul, Deborah W. Larson, and William C. Wohlforth, 165-91. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Phillips, Christopher. The Battlefor Syria: International Rivalry in the New Middle East. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2016.
292 Bibliography Primakov, Yevgeny. Russia and the Arabs: Behind the Scenes in the Middle East from the Cold War to the Present. New York: Basic Books, 2009. - Russian Crossroads. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2004. Radin, Andrew. “Hybrid Warfare in the Baltics: Threats and Potential Responses.” rand Corporation, 2017.1-47. Reid, Lindsey. “Finding a Peace that Lasts: Mediator Leverage and Durable Resolution of Civil Wars.”Journal of Conflict Resolution 6,7 (October 2015): 1402-27. Renshon, Jonathan. Fightingfor Status, Hierarchy and Conflict in World Politics. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2017. Ross, Dennis. The Missing Peace, the Inside Story of the Fightfor Middle East Peace. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2004. Rumer, Eugene B. “Dangerous Drift: Russia’s Middle East Policy? Policy Paper no. 54, Washington, DC: Washington Institute of Near East Policy, 2000. Saideman, Stephen Μ. “Overlooking the Obvious: Bringing International Politics Back into Ethnic Conflict Management.” International Studies Review 4, no. 3 (Autumn 2002): 63-86. Sergi, Bruno S. “Putin’s and Russian-Led Eurasian Economic Union: A Hybrid Half-Economics and Half-Political Janus Bifrons.”Journal of Eurasian Studies 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 52-60. Sergunin, Alexander. Explaining Russian Policy Behavior. Stuttgart: IbidimVerlag 2016. Shannon, V., and P. Koweït, eds. Psychology and Constructivism in Internation al Relations. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2012. Shay, Shaul. The Axis ofEvil: Iran, Hizbullah, and the Palestinian Terror. New Brunswick and
London: Transactions Publishers, 2005. Sherr, James. Hard Diplomacy and Soft Coercion: Russia’s Influence Abroad. London: Royal Institute for International Affairs, 2013. - “A War of Narratives and Arms.” In The Russian Challenge, Keir Giles, Philip Hanson, Roderic Lyne, James Nixey, James Sherr, and Andrew Wood, 23-32. London: Chatham House Report, June 2015. Shevtsova, Lili. Russia: Lost in Transition, the Yeltsin and Putin Legacies. Wash ington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2007. Simes, Dimitry K. “Losing Russia, the Costs of Renewed Confrontation.” Foreign Affairs 86, no. 6 (November/December 2007): 36-52. Skillen, Daphne. Freedom of Speech in Russia: Politics and Mediafrom Gor bachev to Putin. Routledge: London and New York, 2017. Slocombe, Walter B. “Europe, Russia and American Missile Defense.” Sur vival 50, no. 2 (April/May 2008): 19-24.
Bibliography 2-93 Smith, Hanna. “Russia as a Great Power: Status Inconsistency and the Two Chechen Wars.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 47, nos. 3-4 (2014): 355-63. Stankevich, Sergei. “Toward a New National Idea.” In Rethinking Russia’s National Interest, edited by Stephen Sestanovich, 24-32. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1994. Stedman, Stephen J. “Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes.” International Security 22, no. 2 (Fall 1997): 5-53. Stent, Angela E. “America and Russia: Paradoxes of Partnership.” In Russia’s Engagement with the West: Transformation and Integration in the Twenty-First Century, edited by Alexander J. Motyl, Blair A. Ruble, and Lila Shevtsova, 272-92. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2005. - The Limits ofPartnership: U.S.-Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2014. Tabler, Andrew J. “Syria’s Collapse and How Washington Can Stop it,” For eign Affairs 92, no. 4 (July/August 2013): 93. Tajfel, Henri. “The Achievement of Group Differentiation.” In Differentia tion Between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology ofIntergroup Relations, edited by Henri Tajfel, 77-98. London: Academic Press, 1978. - “The Psychological Structure of Intergroup Relations.” In Differentia tion Between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology ofInter group Relations, edited by Henri Tajfel, 27-98. London: Academic Press, 1978, Trenin, Dmitri. Post-Imperium: A Story. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endow ment 2011. - “The Revival of Russian Military: How Moscow Reloaded.” Foreign
Affairs 93, no. 3 (May/June 2016): 23-9. - What Is Russia Up To in the Middle East. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2018. Tsygankov, Andrei P. “Assessing Cultural and Regime-Based Explanations of Russia’s Foreign Policy: Authoritarian at Heart and Expansionist by Habit?”Europe-Asia Studies 64, no. 4 (June 2012): 695-713. - “Contested Identity and Foreign Policy: Interpreting Russia’s Internation al Choices.” International Studies Perspectives 15 (2014): 19-35. - “The Frustrating Partnership: Honor, Status, and Emotions in Russia’s Discourses of the West.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 47, nos. 3-4 (2014): 345-54· - “Preserving Influence in a Changing World.” Problems ofPost-Communism 58, no. 2 (2011): 28-44. - “Russia and the Cis in 2011: Uncertain Economic Recovery? Asian Survey 52, no. i (January/February 2012): 42-51.
2-94 Bibliography - Russia and the Westfrom Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Rela tions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. - Russia’s Foreign Policy: Change and Continuity in National Identity. Boulder and New York: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2006. - “Russia’s International Assertiveness: What Does it Mean for the West’ Problems ofPost-Communism 55, no. 2 (March/April 2008): 38-55. - “Self and Other in International Relations Theory: Learning from Russ ian Civilizational Debates.” International Studies Review 10 (2008): 762-75. - “The Sources of Russia’s Fear of nato.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 51, no. 2 (2018): 101-11. - “Vladimir Putin’s Last Stand: The Sources of Russia’s Ukraine Policyľ Post-Soviet Affairs 31, no. 4 (2015): 279-303. - “Vladimir Putin’s Vision of Russia as a Normal Great Power.” Post-Soviet Affairs 21, no. 2 (200 5): 13 2-5 8. Turner, J., and R. Brown. “Social Status, Cognitive Alternatives, and Inter group Relations.” In Differentiation between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology ofIntergroup Relations, edited by Henri Tajfel, 201-34. London: Academic Press, 1978. Urnov, Mark. “‘Greatpowerness’ as the Key Element of Russia Self-conscious ness under Erosion.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 47 (2014): 305-22. Van Dam, Nikolas. Destroying a Nation: The Civil War in Syria. London and New York: LB. Tauris, 2017. Vladislavlev, Alexander, and Sergey A. Karaganov. “The Idea of Russia.” Inter national Affairs 3 8, no. 12 (1992): 22-40. Volgy, Thomas J., Renato Corbetta, Keith A. Grant, and Ryan G. Baird.
“Major Power Status in International Politics.” In Major Powers and the Questfor Status in International Politics: Global and Regional Perspectives, edited by Thomas J. Volgy, Renato Corbetta, Keith A. Grant, and Ryan G. Baird, 1-26. New York: Palgrave, 2011. Volgy, Thomas J., Renato Corbetta, Patrick J. Rhamey Jr, Ryan G. Baird, and Keith A. Grant. “Status Considerations in International Politics and the Rise of Regional Powers.” In Status in World Politics, edited by Thomas V. Paul, Deborah W. Larson, and William C. Wohlforth, 58-84. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Volgy, Thomas J., and Stacey Mayhall. “Status Inconsistency and Interna tional War”International Studies Quarterly 39, no. 1 (March 1995): 67-84. Walter, Barbara E “The Critical Barrier to Civil Settlement.” International Organization 51, no. 3 (Summer 1997): 335-65.
Bibliography 295 Westle, Bėdina. “Identity, Social and Political.” In International Encyclopedia ofScience, edited by Bertrand Badei, 1132-43. Thousand Oaks: sage Pub lications, 2011. “What Next for Iran and the P5+1.” Viewpoints. Middle East Program, Wil son Center no. 67 (November 2014): 1-32. Wierzbowska-Miazga, Agata. Commentary. “Russia Goes on the Offensive Ahead of the Eastern Partnership Summit in Vilnius.” Center for Eastern Studies no. 115 (30 September 2013): 1-7. Wohlforth, William C. “Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War.” World Politics 61, no. 1 (January 2009): 28-57. Yost, David S. “The Budapest Memorandum and Russia’s Intervention in Hkrzmz” International Affairs 91, no. 3 (2015): 505-38. Zartman, William I. “Conflict Resolution and Negotiation.” In The sage Handbook of Conflict Resolution, edited by Jacob Bercovitch, Victor Kremenyulk, and William I. Zartman, 322-39. London and New Delhi: sage Publications, 2009.
Index Aleppo, 88,112,128,134-6,175-6, 128,212 al-Qaeda, 47, 50, 59,93, in, 170; Taliban, 50,59. See also Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (hts); interna tional terrorism; isis; Islamic fùndamentalism; Islamic Front; Islamic State (is); Islamic terror ism; Jihadists; Nusra Front; ter rorism Assad, Bashar al-, 9,25, 58,68, 87, 90,93,101,108,180; regime, 85-6, 89,91-5,96-100,147, 151,194. See also Syrian regime Arab: diplomacy, 93, 96-7; Spring, 4, 83, 86-7,89,144; world, 7,12, 82-3,93. See also Middle East Arab-Israeli conflict, 43,45,136 Arab-Israeli peace process, 23, 34-5, 46, 50; negotiations during, 46. See also Israeli-Palestinian con flict; Madrid peace conference; Middle East Arab League, 106; peace plan, 93, 96-7 Arms control and disarmament, 28, 55, 56-7,61; ABM Treaty, 56,61, 70,174; armaments, 25,66; inf Treaty, 203,213; missile defense, 57-8,61,71,77,82,108; New start Treaty in 2010,79; sort, 51, 57,65; start II, 51,56,77. See also missile shield; nuclear arms con trol; nuclear non-proliferation; nuclear weapons Astana process, 25,177-8,180,193, 198,217 Astana talks, 178,180,184; Astana IV, 187; Astana V, 193; Astana VI, 198; Astana VII, 202; Astana VIII, 208; Astana IX, 217; Astana XI, 224. See also Astana process; Syria Atlanticists, 32,37-8,72. See also Kozyrev, Andrei; market econo my; Russia: integration with the West; Russia: liberals; West, the; Westernizers Baltic States, 66,161,216 Brahimi, Lakhdar, 102,104-5, 113, 117-9; Arab League, 94-5,106. See also international diplomacy BRics, 106,138,199 Bush, George W, 30,57,62,69,79,
298 172-4; administration, 63-4,71, 81; doctrine, 59; war on terror, 10,58-9, 83. See also United States (US) Caspian Sea, 42,55,70,73. See also oil and gas sector; oil supplies Central Asia, 36,48, 59,61; Kyrgyzs tan, 4, 51,63; Tajikistan, 36,42 Chechnya, 36,40,48, 57,106; Chechen guerrillas, 47; Chechen insurgents, 28; Chechen rebels,. 59; Chechen republic, 36; Chechen terrorists, 67; Chechen war, 37,47 China, 12,31,42-4,57 Clinton, Hilary, 83,90. See also United States (US): policy on Syria Cold War, 4,16,28,33,44,68,207, 227 Collective Security Treaty Organiza tion (csto), 59,76,79,171 color revolutions, 4,23,51,63,79, 96. See also regime change commonwealth of independent states (cis), 32,39,45,47,53,59, 66,74 conflict management/resolution, 9, 34,202,207,220; international, 4,8-9,12,25,100,105,119, 132-3,145,172,211,228; Moscow’s mediation, 107,147, 209; in Syria, 3,24, 85-6; in Ukraine, 24,149,230 Deir al-Zour, 122,148,197,234 de Mistura, Stephan, 125-7,134, 138,160,170,180,208. See also Syrian peace talks Index Donbas rebels, 12,115. See also con flict management/resolution: in Ukraine; Donestsk; Lugansk; Russia: pro-Moscow separatists Donestsk, 123 Erdogan, Recep Tayyep, 134,137, 164,175,182,204. See also Euphrates Shield Operation; Turkey Euphrates Shield Operation, 166, 183 Eurasia, 5,39,63,67,75,108, no, 115,171; civilization, 27,75; con tinent, 38. See also Eurasian Cus toms Union; Eurasian integra tion Eurasian Customs Union, 81 Eurasian Economic Union (eaeu), 75,112,123,139 Eurasian integration, 39 Eurasianists, 27,38-9, 53, 56 European eastward
expansion, 8, IU54 European Neighbourhood Policy, 73 European structures, 4,23,27,30, 44 European Union (eu), 6-7,39, 54-5,75,217; European Union Eastern Partnership (EaP), 8, 73-4,174. See also European Neighbourhood Policy EU-Russia relations, 140,174,231. See also European structures; European eastward expansion Firouznia, Jalal Mohammed, 101, 121,137,143,153,182,218 foreign policy, 3,13,22; assertive, 7,
Index 23,40,59,67,185,214; objec tives, 19,25; multi-vector, 75; Russian, 41,53,129,150. See also great power identity; Putin, Vladimir: foreign policy; Russia: special identity former Soviet republics (fsrs), 3, 19,30-1,38,40,85,143,235. See also Georgia; Kyrgyzstan; Ukraine former Soviet space (fss), 7-8,12, 39,42,56,66,76,112,151,171; “near abroad,” 4,39, 53,73,90; sphere of influence, 8,25,59,96, 112,131,145,207,227 Free Syrian Army (fsa), 89-90,92, 98, ιοί, 112,146. See also Syrian opposition Gazprom, 103 Geneva conferences: Geneva I (Geneva Communique), 85,99, 104,113,135,149; Geneva II, 113; Geneva III, 154,178; Geneva IV, 180; Geneva V, 183; Geneva VI, 188; Geneva VII, 193; Geneva VIII, 205,208. See ako Geneva peace talks; negotiated solution; Syrian peace talks; tran sitional government; UN peace talks Geneva peace talks, 138,156,178, 186,199 Georgia, 11,23, 5C 63,71-2,145. See also Georgian-Russian rela tions; Rose Revolution Georgian-Russian relations, 80 global geopolitics, 11 global influence, 19, 55,159 global order, 145,169,176,186, 299 207,226; new global order, 75, 116,123,179 global politics, 4,22,40,164 global security, 25,191,21,114 global stability, 11,44,47,179 great power identity, 64,68,96,131, 141,214 great power status, 4,19,28,46, 52, 103, no. See also Russia: foreign policy; Russia: global status; Rus sia: great power aspirations; Rus sia: great power status; Russia: national priorities; Russia: power politics in Syria; Russia: status aspirations; Russia: status-seeking strategy Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (hts), 201, 210,222 Hizbullah,
9,45,62,85,139,145, 153,223. See also resistance axis (Syria-Iran-Hizbullah) Hof, Frederic, 141,156,160,185, 197 Homs, 88,95,117,212,143,145 hts. See Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (hts) humanitarian crisis, 222 Humanitarian intervention, 45, 54. See also humanitarian crisis Idlib, 136,150,175,187,201,229. See also Syrian opposition international conflict management, 4, 8-9,12,25,119,133,145,211. See also Russia: foreign policy; Russia: objectives international diplomacy, 68,93, 134,228 international law, 10,43, 54, no, 116,174,235
Index 300 international order, 9,45, 59,132, 15 8,207,23 5 international sanctions, 23 international terrorism, 10,23,32, 36,47-8,154. See also al-Qaeda; isis; Islamic extremism; Islamic fundamentalism; Taliban; terror ism: fight against Iran, 12,25,31,35-6,43,55,68; Bushehr nuclear reactor, 35,79, 166; international sanctions, 23; nuclear deal ofJuly 2015,137, 217; nuclear program, 35,69,79, 93, no. See also international law: international sanctions; Iran-Israel escalation; nuclear non-proliferation Iran-Israel escalation, 217 isis,9,10-1,68,85, in, 117,120, 135,241 Islamic caliphate, 121,125,160, 201,203 Islamic extremism, 64,135 Islamic Front, 111,118 Islamic fundamentalism, 47 Islamic State (is), 121,125-6,135, 160,166,196,211,223 Islamic terrorism 50, 58-9 Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 87, 89, 103, no Jabhat Fatah al-Sham, 141,168,169, 170 jihadists, 210 ii, in, 117,122,154,188, Kerry, John, 108-9, 112-13, 119, 124,135,165. See also United States (US): policy on Syria Kozyrev, Andrei, 12,27,30,35-6, 40,68; and Atlanticists, 27,32, 72; and Russia’s pro-Western pol icy, 38, 77; and Westernizers, 27, 29,30,38-9,72. See ako market economy; Russia: diplomacy; Russia: economic reforms; Rus sia: economy; Russia: foreign policy; Russia: liberals; Russia: partnership with the West; strate gic partnerships; Westernizers: foreign policy Kremlin, 7,11,45, 5і, 65,92,ю8, 123; international behaviour, 24; policies, 33; Syria policy, 99 Kurdish Democratic Union Party (pyd), 102,108,126,155 Kurdish state, 101,137; expansion ism, 25; People’s Protection Units (ypg),
136,138,155,161, 167,201; Syrian Kurds, 155; ypg/pyd fighters, 102,126-7, 132,155,229. See also Euphrates Shield Operation; Kurdistan Workers Party (pkk); Peshmarga; Syrian Democratic Forces (sdf); Turkey: Ankara’s foreign policy Kurdistan Workers Party (pkk), 88, 101-2,108,165,182 Kyrgyzstan, 23, 51,63 Lavrentiyev, Alexander, 177,187, 202,208 Lavrov, Sergie, 77,108-9, 125,135, 139,156,176. See ако Astana process; Geneva peace talks; leverage; Middle East (me): Moscow’s diplomacy in; Russia: diplomacy; Russia: foreign poli cy; Syria: Russian mediation in
Index leverage, 9,24,117,177,183,189, 194,198,212 liberal order, 125 Lugansk, 123 Madrid peace conference, 45 market economy, 29,30,32,35, 53 Mediterranean naval base, 68; Tar tus, 68,92,95,136,159,169. See also Russia: military intervention Medvedev, Dmitri, 72,74, 81-2, no, 127,157,197; pan-European diplomacy, 72. See also Russia: diplomacy Middle East (me), 3,12,23-4,31, 40,65-6,82,108; conflicts, 33, 107; Moscow’s diplomacy in, 112; peace process, 23,33,34-5, 46,50,55,58. See also Russia: for eign policy missile shield, 71,73,147; in East ern Europe, 71 Moallem, Walid al-, 89,113,122, 136,224 multilateral arrangements, 27 multilateralism, 96,138,173 multipolarity, 12,44, 56,101,207, 235. See also Russia: diplomacy; Russia: global influence; Russia: great power status; Russia: Moscow’s geostrategic interests; Russia: new world order multipolar: diplomacy, 18,28, 50; international system, 20-1, 55; world, i8֊9, 28, 54, 57,64,107, 116,177; world order, 9, 54,71, 143,152,172,179 national pride, 48 nato, 32,36,45,56,61,186,194, Зої 234; eastward expansion, 18-9, 32, 53,64, 71, no, 157; enlarge ment, u-u, 23,48, 50-1, 5 5,66, 114,143; membership, 48,64,73; military intervention in Libya, 86; partnership for peace pro gram, 36; policies in Libya and Iraq, 96. See also Baltic States; US and nato missile defense plan NATO-Russia Council, 60,81,142 NATO-Russia Founding Act, 55,60, 7Ն Щ negotiated solution, 95 North Korea, 57, 59,185,195,199, 206; chemical weapons, 108,183; nuclear program, 60,199 nuclear arms control, 23,61,83, 108 nuclear non-proliferation, 70,99, 125
nuclear weapons, 57,69 Nusra, Jabhat al-, 103 Nusra Front, 103,106,126,137, 165. See also Islamic fundamen talism; Nusra, Jabhat al-; Sham, Ahrar al-; terrorism Obama, Barak, 10,19,77, 89,99, 102,107,120,176; administra tion, 82,90,133,163,180; foreign policy, 102,107,116,123,140; nuclear deal with Iran, 25,137-8, 199; reset policy, 24, 51,78-9, 84; reset relations with Russia, 77, 80-1. See abo multilateral arrangements; strategic partner ships; Syria: chemical weapons; US-Russian cooperation oil and gas sector, 53,60,67 oil supplies, 107,146
302 orange revolution, 63, 80 Peshmarga, 127,136 post-Cold War international order, 12,30-1,35 post-Soviet Russia, 7,28, 32,44,49, 104 post-Soviet status, 21. See also inter national order; post-Cold War international order power politics, 4,10,14,20,24. See ako leverage; Russia: great power aspirations; Russia: power poli tics in Syria; Russia: status seeking strategy prestige, 10-11,15,18,22,37,45, 70. See also national pride; Rus sia: global status; Russia: great power aspirations; Russia: great power status; Russia: status; Rus sia: status aspirations; Russia: status-seeking strategy; status theories Primakov, Yevgeny, 12,28,41,44-6, 50, 55,147; foreign policy, 42-3; strategy, 19. See also multipolari ty; multipolar: world proxy war, 91,129,153 Putin, Vladimir, 7,41, 52,62,70,96, 105,116,149,179; foreign policy, 25, 55,165; Middle East policy, 108, strategy, 55. See also foreign policy: assertive; foreign policy: multi-vector; Russia: civilization al identity; Russia: foreign poli cy; Russia: great power aspira tions; Russia: great power status Qatar, 9, 85,97,103,132,197; alliance with Saudi Arabia, 97; Index regional players, 24-5, 87,157; Syrian opposition in, 24, 85,93, too, 121,171. See ako Saudi Arabia Raqqa, 121,137,150,163,188,209. See ako Islamic caliphate; Islamic State (is); jihadists; terrorism: groups regime change, 5,13,23,51,82, 85-6,91,93,114,162 resistance axis (Syria-Iran-Hizbullah), 91,101,137 Revolutionary Command Council (rcc), 128 Rose Revolution, 80 Rosneft, 65,103,203 Russia: civilizational identity, 38; diplomacy, 25,27,36-7,39, 50,
86,160,182; economic capabili ties, 14,16,67; economic reforms, 30, 52; economic sanc tions, 7,12,24,28,142,163,182, 221; economy, 25,31,54,107, 145,150; energy exports, 183; energy prices, 7,26,67,142; ener gy sector, 31, 53,60,65,67; for eign policy, 3, io, 16, 53,108, 115,129,150,165; gas, 26,112; global influence, 19,159; global interests, it, 56; global order, 87, 145,15 6,169,176,207,226; glob al status, 42,162; great power aspirations, 50,114; great power status, 4,19,46,61 103, no, 157, 227; integration with the West, 31; liberals, 27; military power, 3, 24; military intervention, 103, 131,139,143,147; moderniza tion, 53; Moscow’s geostrategic
Index interests, 147,223; national inter ests, 12,72,38,42,54,107; national priorities, 48; national security interests, n, 39; new world order, 75,116,123,179; objectives, 19,25; partnership with the West, 4,7,23,27,29,31, 37,39,74; power politics in Syria, 4,22,25, 87; power politics in Ukraine, 3,5,7; pro-Moscow separatists, 123; security, 82; spe cial identity, 39,53,64,68,96, X31,214; sphere of influence, 8, 2-5-6, 59,74,145,171,177,22-7; status, 3,7,14,20, 70; status accommodation, 78,220; status aspirations, 35, 50,140; status seeking strategy, 16,22,64,99, 131,140,169,187,198; values, 7-8,24,63. See also Gazprom; Putin, Vladimir; Rosneft Russia-EU relations, 48,74 Salafi jihadi factions, 156 Saudi Arabia, 9,12,24-5,39,85, 139 Sham, Ahrar al-, 106,128,137, 146 Shoigu, Sergey, 134,152,159-60, 187. See also Russia: military power; Syria: Russian military intervention in Soviet Union, 3,28,31,105,235; reputation, 45. See also Russia strategic partnerships, 31,36,39 status theories, 14,20,64 Syria, 5,33,40,43,61-2,91; army, 34,118,124,141,145,222; chem ical weapons, 57,183; conflict, 22,87,96,141,182,208; political ՅՕՅ settlement, 180,198; political transition, 89,99,118,124,144, 155,163,181,185,205; regime change, 51,63,86,91,93, 114, 141,145,162,216; Russian medi ation in, 3,107,209; Russian military intervention in, 4,22, 103,131,139,143,147; Russian peacemaking efforts in, 25,89, 148. See also Assad, Bashar alSyrian civil war. See Syrian revolution Syrian Democratic Forces (sdf), 15 5,161,163,181,209,214,228 Syrian insurgency. See Syrian revo lution Syrian
National Coalition (snc), 92,103,113,118,128,133 Syrian National Council (snc), 92, 95,97,103, in, 118,128. See also Syrian National Coalition (SNC) Syrian opposition, 24, 85,100,133, 171; armed opposition, 93; mod erate opposition, 121,133,196 Syrian peace talks, 101,113,135, 154,156,160-1,178 Syrian refiigees, 88,102,126,239 Syrian regime, 5,9,24,61, 85,133, 176,185. See also Syria: army Syrian revolution, 5. See also proxy war; Revolutionary Command Council (rcc); Syria: conflict; Syria: regime change; Syrian opposition; Syrian refugees Taliban, 50,59 terrorism, 5,28,47,58,61,70,101, 205; counterterrorism, in, 119, 134,138,168,179,220,239; fight against, 25,116,119,13 г, i66,
304 184,205,227; groups, ιοί, іоб. See also al-Qaeda; Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (hts); international ter rorism; isis; Islamic extremism; Islamic Front; Islamic State (is); Islamic terrorism; Jabhat Fatah al-Sham; jihadists; Nusra Front; Salafi jihadi factions; Sham, Ahrar altransitional government, 99-100, 144,155,163,181,185 Trump, Donald, 164,170-2,178-9, 183,203,214,220; administra tion, 186,195,201; foreign poli cy, 217. See also terrorism: coun terterrorism; terrorism: fight against Tsygankov, Andrei, 5,18-9,27, 67, 99,112,138,152,199 Turkey: Ankara’s foreign policy, 93, 164; Erdogan’s foreign policy, 88; geopolitical objectives, 25,152, 167; objectives in Syria, 91,166, 182-3 Ukraine, 3,23-4,36, 51,144,176, 184,209; annexation of Crimea, 7,12,73,123,152,225; conflict, 24-5,162,230; Russian military intervention in, 12,64-6,73, 80, 115,123. See also color revolu tions; orange revolution; regime change; United States (US): Russian relations; US-Russia cooperation UN-Arab League envoy. See Brahimi, Lakhdar unipolar world, 71,179,207. See also international order; liberal Index order; multipolar: world order; post-Cold War international order; Russia: liberals; Russia: new world order; world order United States (US), 4,7,10-11,32, 35,43,71; dominance, 17,20-1, 23,28,68,170,211; foreign poli cy, 12,45,134; global order, 54, 169,176,179,186,207,226; mis sile shield, 71,73,147; policy on Syria, 132; regional hegemony, 34,46; Russian relations, 23, 4-5,55, 58,77,108,164,177, 179,192, 231; unilaterialism, 12, 44,5C55 peace talks, 25, 85,135,138,147,
149,154,156,188,193,224,232 US-led alliance in Syria, 40,137; coalition, 139,188 US and nato missile defense plan, 88 US-Russia cooperation, 117,192, 209 UN the West: clubs, 30-1,34; direction of foreign policy, 27,37,38-9, 41; institutions, 23,27,30,44 Westerners. See Atlanticists Westernizers, 29,30,38-9,72; for eign policy, 30-1,38-9 world order, 71,143,152,172,179 Yanukovych, Victor, 80,112,116; association agreement with the eu, 114. See also conflict management/resolution: in Ukraine; orange revolution; Rus sia: power politics in Ukraine; Russia: sphere of influence;
Index Ukraine: conflict; Ukraine: Russ ian military intervention in Yeltsin, Boris, 7,13,27-8,33-4,37, 40,43,52, бо; government, 39-40; and Kozyrev, 23,29,30, 33, 35,37, 4Գ 45 68; leadership, ՅՕՏ 33,40. See also Russia: integra tion with the West; Russia: part nership with the West Zasypkin, Alexander, 100,136, 144-5, 187, 216, 224 Bayerissbs Staatsbibliothek a Mönchen
|
| adam_txt |
Contents Introduction: Theoretical Framework, Methodology, and Structure i Post-Soviet Foreign Policy, 1991-2000 2 3 Russian Foreign Policy, 2001-11 3 27 51 Prelude to Military Intervention, 2011-14 85 4 The Objectives of Russia’s Military Intervention, 2015-17 5 Russian Diplomacy, War, and Peace Making, 2017-19 Conclusion 131 191 227 Appendix A: Provisions Agreed Upon During the Second Inter-Syrian Consultative Meeting, Moscow, 9 April 2015 239 Appendix B: The Russian Eight-Point Plan, November 2015 Notes 243 Bibliography Index 297 285 241
Bibliography ARCHIVES Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation. 28 June 2000. ֊ 12 January 2008. - 30 November 2016. Itar-Tass News Agency (in English). FBis-sov-2000-0612,12 June 2000 - FBIS-S0V-2003-0317,17 March 2003. Military Doctrine of the Russian Federation. 22 April 2000. - 5 February 2010. - 25 December 2014. National Defense Strategy of the USA. 18 December 2017. National Security Concept of the Russian Federation. 10 January 2000. Rossiiskaya Gazeta. 26 December 1997· Foreign FBis-sov-97-364,30 Decem ber 1997. ֊ 27 May 2004. Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press 56, no. 21 (2004), 1. - “Russia and France Will not Allow Passage of War Resolution in Iraq.” FBiS-SOV-2003-0305, 5 March 2003. Russia’s Updated National Security Strategy. 1 January 2016. United Nations Security Council. Resolution 1483, s/RES/1483. Adopted by the Security Council at its 4761st meeting, 22 May 2003. - Draft Resolution 10403, s/RES/10403. Considered by the Security Coun cil at its 6227th meeting, 4 October 2011. - Draft Resolution 1053.6, s/RES/10536. Considered by the Security Coun cil at its 6711th meeting, 4 February 2012. - Draft Resolution 10714, s/RES/10714. Considered by the Security Coun cil at its 6810th meeting, 19 July 2012.
286 Bibliography - Resolution 1559, s/RES/1559. Adopted by the Security Council at its 5028th meeting, 2 September 2004. - Resolution 1737, s/RES/1737. Adopted by the Security Council at its 5612th meeting, 23 December 2006. - Resolution 1747, s/RES/1747. Adopted by the Security Council at its 5647th meeting, 24 March 2007. ֊ Resolution 1929, s/RES/1929. Adopted by the Security Council at its 6335th meeting, 9 June 2010. - Resolution 2118, s/res/2ii8. Adopted by the Security Council at its 703 8th meeting, 27 September 2013. - Resolution 2139, s/RES/2139. Adopted by the Security Council at its 7116th meeting, 22 February 2014. - Resolution 2170, s/RES/2170. Adopted by the Security Council at its 7242nd meeting, 15 August 2014. - Resolution 2178, s/RES/2178. Adopted by the Security Council at its 7271st meeting, 24 September 2014. - Resolution 2254, s/RES/2254. Adopted by the Security Council at its 7588th meeting, 18 December 2015. PRINTED SOURCES Altaqi, Samir, and Esam Aziz. “Putin’s Game Plan in the Middle East.” Middle East Briefing 130, no. 9 (June 2016): 1-2. Antonenko, Oskana. “Russia and the Deadlock Over Kosovo.” Survival 49, no. 3 (July 2007): 91-106. Baev, Pavel K. Russian Energy and Military Power, Putin’s Questfor Greatness. London and New York: Routledge, 2008. Belopolsky, Helen. Russia and the Challengers: Russian Alignment with China, Iran, and Iraq in the Unipolar Era. Houndmills and Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Bryman, Alan. Quantity and Quality in Social Research. London and New York: Routledge, 1996. Brzezinski, Zbigniew. “Putin’s Choice.” In
Global Power in the 21st Century: Strategies and Relations, edited by Alexander T.J. Lennon and Amanda Kozlouski, 175-200. Cambridge: The Center for Strategic and Interna tional Studies and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. Bull, Hedley. The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. Buzan, Barry. “Third World Regional Security in Structural Perspective.” In
Bibliography 287 The Insecurity Dilemma: National Security of Third World States,edited by Brian L. Job, 167-89. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner, 1992. Byman, Daniel. “Beyond Counterterrorism, Washington Needs a Real Middle East Policy?Foreign Affairs 94, no. 6 (November/December 2015): 11-18. Christensen, Alessandra N. The Making ofthe European Neighborhood Policy. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2011. Cimbala, Stephen J. “Russia and European Missile Defenses, Reflexive Keseri”Joint Force Quarterly 68, ist quarter (January 2013): 10-17. Clunan, Anne L. “Historical Aspirations and the Domestic Politics of Rus sia’s Pursuit of International Status.” Communist and Post-Communist Stud ies 47, nos. 3-4 (2014): 281-90. Conley, Heather A., James Mina, Ruslan Stefanov, and Martin Vladimirov. The Kremlin Playbook: Understanding Russian Influence in Central and East ern Europe. Boulder and New York: Rowman Littlefield, 2016. Corbetta, Renato, and Molly M. Melin. “Exploring the Threshold Between Conflict Management and Joining in Biased Interventions.”Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, no. 10 (November 2018): 2205-35. Daalder, Ivo H. “Responding to Russia’s Resurgence, not Quiet on the East ern Front.” Foreign Affairs 96, no. 6 (November/December 2017): 30-8. Danilovic, Vesna, and Joe Clare. “Global Power Transitions and Regional Interests.” International Interactions 33 (2007): 289-304. D’antonio, Michael. The Legacy ofBarak Obama: A Consequential President. New York: St Martin’s Press, 20x6. De Hass, Marcel. Russia’s Foreign Security Policy in the 21st Century: Putin, Medvedev and Beyond.
Abingdon: Routledge, 2011. Deyermond, Ruth. “Russia’s Trump Card? The Prospects for Russia-US Relations After the Election of Donald Trump.” Russian Analytical Digest 194 (9 December 2016): 2-4. Donaldson, Robert H., Joseph L. Nogee, and Vidya Nadkarni. The Foreign Policy ofRussia: Challenging Systems, Enduring Interests. Fifth edition. Lon don and New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2014. Dore, P.R. “The Prestige Factor in International Affairs.” International Affairs 51, no. 2 (April 1975): 190-207. Duncan, Peter S.J. “The Rebirth of Politics in Russia.” In The Road to Post Communism, Independent Political Movements in the Soviet Union ірЗу-іруі, edited by Geoffrey A. Hosking, Jonathan Aves, and Peter S.J. Duncan, 67-120. London and New York: Printer Publishers, 1992. Evangelista, Matthew. The Chechen Wars: Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union? Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 2002.
288 Bibliography Forsberg, Tuomas, Regina Heller, and Reinhard Wolf. “Status Conflicts Between Russia and the West: Perceptions and Emotional Biases.” Com munist and Post-Communist Studies 47, nos. 3-4 (2014): 323-31. - “Status and Emotions.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 47, nos. 3-4 (2014): 261-8. Freedman, Robert O. Soviet Policy Toward the Middle East Since 1970. New York and London: Praeger, 1978. Freire, Maria R., and Regina Heller. “Russia’s Power Politics in Ukraine and Syria: Status-Seeking between Identity, Opportunity and Costs.” EuropeAsia Studies 70, no. 8 (2018): 1185-212. Fridman, Ofer. Russian “Hybrid Warfare”Resurgence and Politicization. Lon don: Hurst Company, 2018. Gaddy, Clifford G., and Andrew C. Kuchins. “Putin’s Plan.” In Global Power in the 21st Century: Strategies and Relations, edited by Alexander T.J. Lennon and Amanda Kozlowski, 201-16. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2008. Gerges, Fawaz A. ISIS, A History. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2016. German, Tracy. Regional Cooperation in the South Caucasus, Good Neighbours or Distant Relatives? London and New York: Ashgate, 2012. Geukjian, Ohannes.“The Objectives of Russia’s Military Intervention in Syria.” The Maghreb Review 42, no. 3 (2017): 274-306. Giles, Keir, Philip Janson, Rideric Lyne, James Nixey, James Sherr, and Andrew Wood. The Russian Challenge. London: Chatham House Report, June 2015. Gilpin, Robert. War and Change in World Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Goldgeier, James Μ. Power and Purpose: US Policy Toward Russia after the Cold War.
Washington, DC: Brookings Institute Press, 20Ö3. Goodarzi, Jubin Μ. Syria and Iran: Diplomatic Alliance and Power Politics in the Middle East. London and New York: LB. Tauris, 2009. Grodeland, Ase B. “Perceptions of Civil Rights, Security and the War on Ter ror.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 48, no. 4 (December 2015): 317-35· Haass, Richard. Conflicts Unending: The United States and Regional Disputes. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990. - A World in Disarray: American Foreign Policy and the Crisis of the Old Order. New York: Penguin Press, 2017. Hampson, Osler. Nurturing Peace, Why Peace Settlements Succeed or Fail. Wash ington, DC: usip Press, 1996.
Bibliography 289 Headley, James. Russia and the Balkans. New York: Columbia University Press, 2009. Hill, Fiona, and Clifford G. Gady. Mr. Putin, Operative in the Kremlin. Wash ington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2015. Holsti, Kalevi K. “National Pole Conceptions in the Study of Foreign Poli cy? International Studies Quarterly 14, no. 3 (1970): 233-309. Hunter, Shireen T. Iran Divided: The Historical Roots ofIranian Debates on Identity, Culture, and Governance in the Twenty-First Century. London and New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2014. Indyk, Martin. “Disaster in the Desert: Why Trump’s Middle East Plan Can’t Work.” Foreign Affairs 98, no. 6 (November/December 2019): 10-20. Jenkins, Brian Μ. “A Revanchist Russia Versus an Uncertain West: An Appli cation of the Situation Since the 2014 Ukrainian Crisis.” Center for the Study of Democracy, Working Paper, December 2016,1-22. Jentleson, Bruce. “Preventive Diplomacy and Ethnic Conflict: Possible, Dif ficult, Necessary? In The International Spread ofEthnic Conflict: Fear, Diffu sion, Escalation, edited by David A. Lake and Donald Rothchild, 293-316. Princeton, Nj: Princeton University Press, 1998. Jones, Stephen. Georgia, A Political History Since Independence. London and New York: LB. Tauris, 2013. Kandiyoti, Rafael. Pipelines, Flowing Oil and Crude Politics. London and New York: LB. Tauris, 2008. Karaganov, Sergei. “Russia’s Choice.” Survival 52, no. 1 (February/March 2010): 5-10. Katz, Mark N. “Elusive as Ever: The State of Iranian-Russian Cooperation.” Viewpoints. Middle East Program, Wilson Center no. 73 (March
2015): i֊3Khripunov, Igor. “Russia’s Weapon’s Trade: Domestic Competition and For eign Markets.” Problems ofPost-Communism 46, no. 2 (March 1999): 39-48. King, Charles. Ending Civil Wars. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Kolsto, Pal, and Helge Blakisroad, eds. Nation-Building and Common Values in Russia. Boulder and Oxford: Roman and Littlefield, 2004. Kolvraa, Christopher, and Jan Ifversen. “The European Neighborhood Poli cy: Geopolitics or Value Export.” In The Frontiers ofEurope: A Transatlantic Problem?, edited by Federica Bindi and Irina Angelescu, 45-68. Rome and Washington: Scuola Superiore della Pubblica Amministrazione and Brookings Institute Press, 2011. Kozhanov, Nikolay. Russia and the Syrian Conflict, Moscow’s Domestic, Region al and Strategic Interests. Berlin: Gerlach Press, 2016.
290 Bibliography Kreutz, Andrej. Russia in the Middle East, Friend or Foe? Westport and Con necticut: Praeger, 2007. Lake, David A., and Donald Rothchild. “Containing Fear: The Origins and Management of Ethnie Conflict.” In Nationalism and Ethnie Conflict, edit ed by Michael E. Brown, Owen R. Cote Jr, Sean Μ. Lynn-Jones, and Steven Miller, 97-131. Cambridge and London: The mit Press, 1996-97. Laqueur, Walter. Putinism: Russia and its Future with the West. New York: St Martin’s Press, 2015. Larson, Deborah W, Thomas V. Paul, and William C. Wohlforth. “Status and World Order.” In Status in World Politics, edited by Thomas V. Paul, Debo rah W. Larson, and William C. Wohlforth, 3-29. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Larson, Deborah W, and Alexei Shevchenko. “Managing Rising Powers: The Role of Status Concerns.” In Status in World Politics, edited by Thomas V. Paul, Deborah W Larson, and William C. Wohlforth, 33-57. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. - “Russia Says No: Power, Status, and Emotions in Foreign Policy? Commu nist and Post-Communist Studies 47, nos. 3-4 (2014): 269-79. Leenders, Reinoud, and Steven Heyderman. “Popular Mobilization in Syria: Opportunities and Threat, and the Social Networks of the Early Riser.” Mediterranean Politics 17, no. 2 (July 2012): 139-59. Leichtova, Magda. Misunderstanding Russia: Russian Foreign Policy and the West. Farnham, md: Ashgate, 2014. Levy, Jack S. War in the Modern Great Power System. Lexington: Kentucky University Press, 1983. Lister, Charles R. The Syrian Jihad, Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Evolu
tion ofan Insurgency. London: Hurst and Company, 2015. Lo, Bobo. Russia and the New World Disorder. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2015. Lukin, Vladimir. “Russia and its Interests.” In Rethinking Russia’s National Interest, edited by Stephen Sestanovich, 106-15. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1994. Lukyanov, Fyodor. “Putin’s Foreign Policy, The Quest to Restore Russia’s Rightful Place,”Foreign /flairs 95, no. 3 (May/June 2016): 30-7. Lynch, Allen C.“The Realism of Russia’s Foreign Policy? Europe Asia Studies 53, no. i (2001): 7-31. Lyne, Roderic. “Russia’s Changed Outlook on the West: From Convergence to Confrontation.” In The Russian Challenge, by Keir Giles, Philip Janson, Roderic Lyne, James Nixey, James Sherr, and Andrew Wood, 2-13. Lon don: Chatham House Report, June 2015.
Bibliography 291 Makarychev, Andrey. Russia and the Ευ in a Multipolar World: Discourses, Iden tities, Norms. Stuttgart: Ibidim-Verlag, 2014. Malcolm, Neil. “New Thinking and After: Debate in Moscow about Europe.” In Russia and Europe: an End to Confrontation, edited by Neil Malcolm, 151-81. London and New York: Printer Publishers, 1994. Malinova, Olga. “Russian Political Discourse in the 1990s: crisis of Identity and Conflicting Pluralism of Ideas.” In Identities and Politics During the Putin Presidency: The Foundations ofRussia’s Stability, edited by Philipp Casula and Jeronim Perovič, 107-24. Stuttgart: Ibidim-Verlag, 2009. Mankoff, Jeffrey. Russian Foreign Policy, the Return of Great Power Politics. Boulder and New York: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2009. McCants, William. The ISIS Apocalypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of the Islamic State. New York: St Martin’s Press, 2015. McCauley, Martin. Gorbachev. London and New York: Longman, 1998. Mearsheimer,John J. “Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West’s Fault: the Liber al Delusions that Provoked Putin.” Foreign Affairs 93, no. 5 (September/ October 2014): 77-89. Morgenthau, Hans. Politics Among Nations: The Strugglefor Power and Peace. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978. Nitoiu, Cristian. “Aspirations to Great Power Status: Russia’s Path to Assertiveness in the International Arena under Putin.” Political Studies Review 15, no. i (2017): 39-48. Nixey, James. “Russian Foreign Policy Towards the West and Western Responses.” In The Russian Challenge, by Keir Giles, Philip Janson, Rideric Lyne, James Nixey, James
Sherr, and Andrew Wood. London: Chatham House Report, June 2015. Nizameddin, Talal. Putin’s New Order in the Middle East. London: Hurst Company, 2013. Organski, A.F.K. World Politics. New York: Knopf Press, 1958. Organski, A.F.K., and J. Kuglar. The War Ledger. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1980. Ottaway, David B. “A New Chapter in the Tangled U.S.-Saudi Relationship.” Viewpoints. Middle East Program, Wilson Center no. 62 (September 2014): 1-3. Paul, Thomas V., and Mahesh Shankar. “Status Accommodation through Institutional Means: India’s Rise and the Global Order.” In Status in World Politics, edited by Thomas V. Paul, Deborah W. Larson, and William C. Wohlforth, 165-91. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Phillips, Christopher. The Battlefor Syria: International Rivalry in the New Middle East. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2016.
292 Bibliography Primakov, Yevgeny. Russia and the Arabs: Behind the Scenes in the Middle East from the Cold War to the Present. New York: Basic Books, 2009. - Russian Crossroads. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2004. Radin, Andrew. “Hybrid Warfare in the Baltics: Threats and Potential Responses.” rand Corporation, 2017.1-47. Reid, Lindsey. “Finding a Peace that Lasts: Mediator Leverage and Durable Resolution of Civil Wars.”Journal of Conflict Resolution 6,7 (October 2015): 1402-27. Renshon, Jonathan. Fightingfor Status, Hierarchy and Conflict in World Politics. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2017. Ross, Dennis. The Missing Peace, the Inside Story of the Fightfor Middle East Peace. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2004. Rumer, Eugene B. “Dangerous Drift: Russia’s Middle East Policy? Policy Paper no. 54, Washington, DC: Washington Institute of Near East Policy, 2000. Saideman, Stephen Μ. “Overlooking the Obvious: Bringing International Politics Back into Ethnic Conflict Management.” International Studies Review 4, no. 3 (Autumn 2002): 63-86. Sergi, Bruno S. “Putin’s and Russian-Led Eurasian Economic Union: A Hybrid Half-Economics and Half-Political Janus Bifrons.”Journal of Eurasian Studies 9, no. 1 (January 2018): 52-60. Sergunin, Alexander. Explaining Russian Policy Behavior. Stuttgart: IbidimVerlag 2016. Shannon, V., and P. Koweït, eds. Psychology and Constructivism in Internation al Relations. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2012. Shay, Shaul. The Axis ofEvil: Iran, Hizbullah, and the Palestinian Terror. New Brunswick and
London: Transactions Publishers, 2005. Sherr, James. Hard Diplomacy and Soft Coercion: Russia’s Influence Abroad. London: Royal Institute for International Affairs, 2013. - “A War of Narratives and Arms.” In The Russian Challenge, Keir Giles, Philip Hanson, Roderic Lyne, James Nixey, James Sherr, and Andrew Wood, 23-32. London: Chatham House Report, June 2015. Shevtsova, Lili. Russia: Lost in Transition, the Yeltsin and Putin Legacies. Wash ington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2007. Simes, Dimitry K. “Losing Russia, the Costs of Renewed Confrontation.” Foreign Affairs 86, no. 6 (November/December 2007): 36-52. Skillen, Daphne. Freedom of Speech in Russia: Politics and Mediafrom Gor bachev to Putin. Routledge: London and New York, 2017. Slocombe, Walter B. “Europe, Russia and American Missile Defense.” Sur vival 50, no. 2 (April/May 2008): 19-24.
Bibliography 2-93 Smith, Hanna. “Russia as a Great Power: Status Inconsistency and the Two Chechen Wars.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 47, nos. 3-4 (2014): 355-63. Stankevich, Sergei. “Toward a New National Idea.” In Rethinking Russia’s National Interest, edited by Stephen Sestanovich, 24-32. Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1994. Stedman, Stephen J. “Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes.” International Security 22, no. 2 (Fall 1997): 5-53. Stent, Angela E. “America and Russia: Paradoxes of Partnership.” In Russia’s Engagement with the West: Transformation and Integration in the Twenty-First Century, edited by Alexander J. Motyl, Blair A. Ruble, and Lila Shevtsova, 272-92. New York: M.E. Sharpe, 2005. - The Limits ofPartnership: U.S.-Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2014. Tabler, Andrew J. “Syria’s Collapse and How Washington Can Stop it,” For eign Affairs 92, no. 4 (July/August 2013): 93. Tajfel, Henri. “The Achievement of Group Differentiation.” In Differentia tion Between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology ofIntergroup Relations, edited by Henri Tajfel, 77-98. London: Academic Press, 1978. - “The Psychological Structure of Intergroup Relations.” In Differentia tion Between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology ofInter group Relations, edited by Henri Tajfel, 27-98. London: Academic Press, 1978, Trenin, Dmitri. Post-Imperium: A Story. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endow ment 2011. - “The Revival of Russian Military: How Moscow Reloaded.” Foreign
Affairs 93, no. 3 (May/June 2016): 23-9. - What Is Russia Up To in the Middle East. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2018. Tsygankov, Andrei P. “Assessing Cultural and Regime-Based Explanations of Russia’s Foreign Policy: Authoritarian at Heart and Expansionist by Habit?”Europe-Asia Studies 64, no. 4 (June 2012): 695-713. - “Contested Identity and Foreign Policy: Interpreting Russia’s Internation al Choices.” International Studies Perspectives 15 (2014): 19-35. - “The Frustrating Partnership: Honor, Status, and Emotions in Russia’s Discourses of the West.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 47, nos. 3-4 (2014): 345-54· - “Preserving Influence in a Changing World.” Problems ofPost-Communism 58, no. 2 (2011): 28-44. - “Russia and the Cis in 2011: Uncertain Economic Recovery? Asian Survey 52, no. i (January/February 2012): 42-51.
2-94 Bibliography - Russia and the Westfrom Alexander to Putin: Honor in International Rela tions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. - Russia’s Foreign Policy: Change and Continuity in National Identity. Boulder and New York: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2006. - “Russia’s International Assertiveness: What Does it Mean for the West’ Problems ofPost-Communism 55, no. 2 (March/April 2008): 38-55. - “Self and Other in International Relations Theory: Learning from Russ ian Civilizational Debates.” International Studies Review 10 (2008): 762-75. - “The Sources of Russia’s Fear of nato.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 51, no. 2 (2018): 101-11. - “Vladimir Putin’s Last Stand: The Sources of Russia’s Ukraine Policyľ Post-Soviet Affairs 31, no. 4 (2015): 279-303. - “Vladimir Putin’s Vision of Russia as a Normal Great Power.” Post-Soviet Affairs 21, no. 2 (200 5): 13 2-5 8. Turner, J., and R. Brown. “Social Status, Cognitive Alternatives, and Inter group Relations.” In Differentiation between Social Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology ofIntergroup Relations, edited by Henri Tajfel, 201-34. London: Academic Press, 1978. Urnov, Mark. “‘Greatpowerness’ as the Key Element of Russia Self-conscious ness under Erosion.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 47 (2014): 305-22. Van Dam, Nikolas. Destroying a Nation: The Civil War in Syria. London and New York: LB. Tauris, 2017. Vladislavlev, Alexander, and Sergey A. Karaganov. “The Idea of Russia.” Inter national Affairs 3 8, no. 12 (1992): 22-40. Volgy, Thomas J., Renato Corbetta, Keith A. Grant, and Ryan G. Baird.
“Major Power Status in International Politics.” In Major Powers and the Questfor Status in International Politics: Global and Regional Perspectives, edited by Thomas J. Volgy, Renato Corbetta, Keith A. Grant, and Ryan G. Baird, 1-26. New York: Palgrave, 2011. Volgy, Thomas J., Renato Corbetta, Patrick J. Rhamey Jr, Ryan G. Baird, and Keith A. Grant. “Status Considerations in International Politics and the Rise of Regional Powers.” In Status in World Politics, edited by Thomas V. Paul, Deborah W. Larson, and William C. Wohlforth, 58-84. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. Volgy, Thomas J., and Stacey Mayhall. “Status Inconsistency and Interna tional War”International Studies Quarterly 39, no. 1 (March 1995): 67-84. Walter, Barbara E “The Critical Barrier to Civil Settlement.” International Organization 51, no. 3 (Summer 1997): 335-65.
Bibliography 295 Westle, Bėdina. “Identity, Social and Political.” In International Encyclopedia ofScience, edited by Bertrand Badei, 1132-43. Thousand Oaks: sage Pub lications, 2011. “What Next for Iran and the P5+1.” Viewpoints. Middle East Program, Wil son Center no. 67 (November 2014): 1-32. Wierzbowska-Miazga, Agata. Commentary. “Russia Goes on the Offensive Ahead of the Eastern Partnership Summit in Vilnius.” Center for Eastern Studies no. 115 (30 September 2013): 1-7. Wohlforth, William C. “Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War.” World Politics 61, no. 1 (January 2009): 28-57. Yost, David S. “The Budapest Memorandum and Russia’s Intervention in Hkrzmz” International Affairs 91, no. 3 (2015): 505-38. Zartman, William I. “Conflict Resolution and Negotiation.” In The sage Handbook of Conflict Resolution, edited by Jacob Bercovitch, Victor Kremenyulk, and William I. Zartman, 322-39. London and New Delhi: sage Publications, 2009.
Index Aleppo, 88,112,128,134-6,175-6, 128,212 al-Qaeda, 47, 50, 59,93, in, 170; Taliban, 50,59. See also Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (hts); interna tional terrorism; isis; Islamic fùndamentalism; Islamic Front; Islamic State (is); Islamic terror ism; Jihadists; Nusra Front; ter rorism Assad, Bashar al-, 9,25, 58,68, 87, 90,93,101,108,180; regime, 85-6, 89,91-5,96-100,147, 151,194. See also Syrian regime Arab: diplomacy, 93, 96-7; Spring, 4, 83, 86-7,89,144; world, 7,12, 82-3,93. See also Middle East Arab-Israeli conflict, 43,45,136 Arab-Israeli peace process, 23, 34-5, 46, 50; negotiations during, 46. See also Israeli-Palestinian con flict; Madrid peace conference; Middle East Arab League, 106; peace plan, 93, 96-7 Arms control and disarmament, 28, 55, 56-7,61; ABM Treaty, 56,61, 70,174; armaments, 25,66; inf Treaty, 203,213; missile defense, 57-8,61,71,77,82,108; New start Treaty in 2010,79; sort, 51, 57,65; start II, 51,56,77. See also missile shield; nuclear arms con trol; nuclear non-proliferation; nuclear weapons Astana process, 25,177-8,180,193, 198,217 Astana talks, 178,180,184; Astana IV, 187; Astana V, 193; Astana VI, 198; Astana VII, 202; Astana VIII, 208; Astana IX, 217; Astana XI, 224. See also Astana process; Syria Atlanticists, 32,37-8,72. See also Kozyrev, Andrei; market econo my; Russia: integration with the West; Russia: liberals; West, the; Westernizers Baltic States, 66,161,216 Brahimi, Lakhdar, 102,104-5, 113, 117-9; Arab League, 94-5,106. See also international diplomacy BRics, 106,138,199 Bush, George W, 30,57,62,69,79,
298 172-4; administration, 63-4,71, 81; doctrine, 59; war on terror, 10,58-9, 83. See also United States (US) Caspian Sea, 42,55,70,73. See also oil and gas sector; oil supplies Central Asia, 36,48, 59,61; Kyrgyzs tan, 4, 51,63; Tajikistan, 36,42 Chechnya, 36,40,48, 57,106; Chechen guerrillas, 47; Chechen insurgents, 28; Chechen rebels,. 59; Chechen republic, 36; Chechen terrorists, 67; Chechen war, 37,47 China, 12,31,42-4,57 Clinton, Hilary, 83,90. See also United States (US): policy on Syria Cold War, 4,16,28,33,44,68,207, 227 Collective Security Treaty Organiza tion (csto), 59,76,79,171 color revolutions, 4,23,51,63,79, 96. See also regime change commonwealth of independent states (cis), 32,39,45,47,53,59, 66,74 conflict management/resolution, 9, 34,202,207,220; international, 4,8-9,12,25,100,105,119, 132-3,145,172,211,228; Moscow’s mediation, 107,147, 209; in Syria, 3,24, 85-6; in Ukraine, 24,149,230 Deir al-Zour, 122,148,197,234 de Mistura, Stephan, 125-7,134, 138,160,170,180,208. See also Syrian peace talks Index Donbas rebels, 12,115. See also con flict management/resolution: in Ukraine; Donestsk; Lugansk; Russia: pro-Moscow separatists Donestsk, 123 Erdogan, Recep Tayyep, 134,137, 164,175,182,204. See also Euphrates Shield Operation; Turkey Euphrates Shield Operation, 166, 183 Eurasia, 5,39,63,67,75,108, no, 115,171; civilization, 27,75; con tinent, 38. See also Eurasian Cus toms Union; Eurasian integra tion Eurasian Customs Union, 81 Eurasian Economic Union (eaeu), 75,112,123,139 Eurasian integration, 39 Eurasianists, 27,38-9, 53, 56 European eastward
expansion, 8, IU54 European Neighbourhood Policy, 73 European structures, 4,23,27,30, 44 European Union (eu), 6-7,39, 54-5,75,217; European Union Eastern Partnership (EaP), 8, 73-4,174. See also European Neighbourhood Policy EU-Russia relations, 140,174,231. See also European structures; European eastward expansion Firouznia, Jalal Mohammed, 101, 121,137,143,153,182,218 foreign policy, 3,13,22; assertive, 7,
Index 23,40,59,67,185,214; objec tives, 19,25; multi-vector, 75; Russian, 41,53,129,150. See also great power identity; Putin, Vladimir: foreign policy; Russia: special identity former Soviet republics (fsrs), 3, 19,30-1,38,40,85,143,235. See also Georgia; Kyrgyzstan; Ukraine former Soviet space (fss), 7-8,12, 39,42,56,66,76,112,151,171; “near abroad,” 4,39, 53,73,90; sphere of influence, 8,25,59,96, 112,131,145,207,227 Free Syrian Army (fsa), 89-90,92, 98, ιοί, 112,146. See also Syrian opposition Gazprom, 103 Geneva conferences: Geneva I (Geneva Communique), 85,99, 104,113,135,149; Geneva II, 113; Geneva III, 154,178; Geneva IV, 180; Geneva V, 183; Geneva VI, 188; Geneva VII, 193; Geneva VIII, 205,208. See ako Geneva peace talks; negotiated solution; Syrian peace talks; tran sitional government; UN peace talks Geneva peace talks, 138,156,178, 186,199 Georgia, 11,23, 5C 63,71-2,145. See also Georgian-Russian rela tions; Rose Revolution Georgian-Russian relations, 80 global geopolitics, 11 global influence, 19, 55,159 global order, 145,169,176,186, 299 207,226; new global order, 75, 116,123,179 global politics, 4,22,40,164 global security, 25,191,21,114 global stability, 11,44,47,179 great power identity, 64,68,96,131, 141,214 great power status, 4,19,28,46, 52, 103, no. See also Russia: foreign policy; Russia: global status; Rus sia: great power aspirations; Rus sia: great power status; Russia: national priorities; Russia: power politics in Syria; Russia: status aspirations; Russia: status-seeking strategy Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (hts), 201, 210,222 Hizbullah,
9,45,62,85,139,145, 153,223. See also resistance axis (Syria-Iran-Hizbullah) Hof, Frederic, 141,156,160,185, 197 Homs, 88,95,117,212,143,145 hts. See Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (hts) humanitarian crisis, 222 Humanitarian intervention, 45, 54. See also humanitarian crisis Idlib, 136,150,175,187,201,229. See also Syrian opposition international conflict management, 4, 8-9,12,25,119,133,145,211. See also Russia: foreign policy; Russia: objectives international diplomacy, 68,93, 134,228 international law, 10,43, 54, no, 116,174,235
Index 300 international order, 9,45, 59,132, 15 8,207,23 5 international sanctions, 23 international terrorism, 10,23,32, 36,47-8,154. See also al-Qaeda; isis; Islamic extremism; Islamic fundamentalism; Taliban; terror ism: fight against Iran, 12,25,31,35-6,43,55,68; Bushehr nuclear reactor, 35,79, 166; international sanctions, 23; nuclear deal ofJuly 2015,137, 217; nuclear program, 35,69,79, 93, no. See also international law: international sanctions; Iran-Israel escalation; nuclear non-proliferation Iran-Israel escalation, 217 isis,9,10-1,68,85, in, 117,120, 135,241 Islamic caliphate, 121,125,160, 201,203 Islamic extremism, 64,135 Islamic Front, 111,118 Islamic fundamentalism, 47 Islamic State (is), 121,125-6,135, 160,166,196,211,223 Islamic terrorism 50, 58-9 Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 87, 89, 103, no Jabhat Fatah al-Sham, 141,168,169, 170 jihadists, 210 ii, in, 117,122,154,188, Kerry, John, 108-9, 112-13, 119, 124,135,165. See also United States (US): policy on Syria Kozyrev, Andrei, 12,27,30,35-6, 40,68; and Atlanticists, 27,32, 72; and Russia’s pro-Western pol icy, 38, 77; and Westernizers, 27, 29,30,38-9,72. See ako market economy; Russia: diplomacy; Russia: economic reforms; Rus sia: economy; Russia: foreign policy; Russia: liberals; Russia: partnership with the West; strate gic partnerships; Westernizers: foreign policy Kremlin, 7,11,45, 5і, 65,92,ю8, 123; international behaviour, 24; policies, 33; Syria policy, 99 Kurdish Democratic Union Party (pyd), 102,108,126,155 Kurdish state, 101,137; expansion ism, 25; People’s Protection Units (ypg),
136,138,155,161, 167,201; Syrian Kurds, 155; ypg/pyd fighters, 102,126-7, 132,155,229. See also Euphrates Shield Operation; Kurdistan Workers Party (pkk); Peshmarga; Syrian Democratic Forces (sdf); Turkey: Ankara’s foreign policy Kurdistan Workers Party (pkk), 88, 101-2,108,165,182 Kyrgyzstan, 23, 51,63 Lavrentiyev, Alexander, 177,187, 202,208 Lavrov, Sergie, 77,108-9, 125,135, 139,156,176. See ако Astana process; Geneva peace talks; leverage; Middle East (me): Moscow’s diplomacy in; Russia: diplomacy; Russia: foreign poli cy; Syria: Russian mediation in
Index leverage, 9,24,117,177,183,189, 194,198,212 liberal order, 125 Lugansk, 123 Madrid peace conference, 45 market economy, 29,30,32,35, 53 Mediterranean naval base, 68; Tar tus, 68,92,95,136,159,169. See also Russia: military intervention Medvedev, Dmitri, 72,74, 81-2, no, 127,157,197; pan-European diplomacy, 72. See also Russia: diplomacy Middle East (me), 3,12,23-4,31, 40,65-6,82,108; conflicts, 33, 107; Moscow’s diplomacy in, 112; peace process, 23,33,34-5, 46,50,55,58. See also Russia: for eign policy missile shield, 71,73,147; in East ern Europe, 71 Moallem, Walid al-, 89,113,122, 136,224 multilateral arrangements, 27 multilateralism, 96,138,173 multipolarity, 12,44, 56,101,207, 235. See also Russia: diplomacy; Russia: global influence; Russia: great power status; Russia: Moscow’s geostrategic interests; Russia: new world order multipolar: diplomacy, 18,28, 50; international system, 20-1, 55; world, i8֊9, 28, 54, 57,64,107, 116,177; world order, 9, 54,71, 143,152,172,179 national pride, 48 nato, 32,36,45,56,61,186,194, Зої 234; eastward expansion, 18-9, 32, 53,64, 71, no, 157; enlarge ment, u-u, 23,48, 50-1, 5 5,66, 114,143; membership, 48,64,73; military intervention in Libya, 86; partnership for peace pro gram, 36; policies in Libya and Iraq, 96. See also Baltic States; US and nato missile defense plan NATO-Russia Council, 60,81,142 NATO-Russia Founding Act, 55,60, 7Ն Щ negotiated solution, 95 North Korea, 57, 59,185,195,199, 206; chemical weapons, 108,183; nuclear program, 60,199 nuclear arms control, 23,61,83, 108 nuclear non-proliferation, 70,99, 125
nuclear weapons, 57,69 Nusra, Jabhat al-, 103 Nusra Front, 103,106,126,137, 165. See also Islamic fundamen talism; Nusra, Jabhat al-; Sham, Ahrar al-; terrorism Obama, Barak, 10,19,77, 89,99, 102,107,120,176; administra tion, 82,90,133,163,180; foreign policy, 102,107,116,123,140; nuclear deal with Iran, 25,137-8, 199; reset policy, 24, 51,78-9, 84; reset relations with Russia, 77, 80-1. See abo multilateral arrangements; strategic partner ships; Syria: chemical weapons; US-Russian cooperation oil and gas sector, 53,60,67 oil supplies, 107,146
302 orange revolution, 63, 80 Peshmarga, 127,136 post-Cold War international order, 12,30-1,35 post-Soviet Russia, 7,28, 32,44,49, 104 post-Soviet status, 21. See also inter national order; post-Cold War international order power politics, 4,10,14,20,24. See ako leverage; Russia: great power aspirations; Russia: power poli tics in Syria; Russia: status seeking strategy prestige, 10-11,15,18,22,37,45, 70. See also national pride; Rus sia: global status; Russia: great power aspirations; Russia: great power status; Russia: status; Rus sia: status aspirations; Russia: status-seeking strategy; status theories Primakov, Yevgeny, 12,28,41,44-6, 50, 55,147; foreign policy, 42-3; strategy, 19. See also multipolari ty; multipolar: world proxy war, 91,129,153 Putin, Vladimir, 7,41, 52,62,70,96, 105,116,149,179; foreign policy, 25, 55,165; Middle East policy, 108, strategy, 55. See also foreign policy: assertive; foreign policy: multi-vector; Russia: civilization al identity; Russia: foreign poli cy; Russia: great power aspira tions; Russia: great power status Qatar, 9, 85,97,103,132,197; alliance with Saudi Arabia, 97; Index regional players, 24-5, 87,157; Syrian opposition in, 24, 85,93, too, 121,171. See ako Saudi Arabia Raqqa, 121,137,150,163,188,209. See ako Islamic caliphate; Islamic State (is); jihadists; terrorism: groups regime change, 5,13,23,51,82, 85-6,91,93,114,162 resistance axis (Syria-Iran-Hizbullah), 91,101,137 Revolutionary Command Council (rcc), 128 Rose Revolution, 80 Rosneft, 65,103,203 Russia: civilizational identity, 38; diplomacy, 25,27,36-7,39, 50,
86,160,182; economic capabili ties, 14,16,67; economic reforms, 30, 52; economic sanc tions, 7,12,24,28,142,163,182, 221; economy, 25,31,54,107, 145,150; energy exports, 183; energy prices, 7,26,67,142; ener gy sector, 31, 53,60,65,67; for eign policy, 3, io, 16, 53,108, 115,129,150,165; gas, 26,112; global influence, 19,159; global interests, it, 56; global order, 87, 145,15 6,169,176,207,226; glob al status, 42,162; great power aspirations, 50,114; great power status, 4,19,46,61 103, no, 157, 227; integration with the West, 31; liberals, 27; military power, 3, 24; military intervention, 103, 131,139,143,147; moderniza tion, 53; Moscow’s geostrategic
Index interests, 147,223; national inter ests, 12,72,38,42,54,107; national priorities, 48; national security interests, n, 39; new world order, 75,116,123,179; objectives, 19,25; partnership with the West, 4,7,23,27,29,31, 37,39,74; power politics in Syria, 4,22,25, 87; power politics in Ukraine, 3,5,7; pro-Moscow separatists, 123; security, 82; spe cial identity, 39,53,64,68,96, X31,214; sphere of influence, 8, 2-5-6, 59,74,145,171,177,22-7; status, 3,7,14,20, 70; status accommodation, 78,220; status aspirations, 35, 50,140; status seeking strategy, 16,22,64,99, 131,140,169,187,198; values, 7-8,24,63. See also Gazprom; Putin, Vladimir; Rosneft Russia-EU relations, 48,74 Salafi jihadi factions, 156 Saudi Arabia, 9,12,24-5,39,85, 139 Sham, Ahrar al-, 106,128,137, 146 Shoigu, Sergey, 134,152,159-60, 187. See also Russia: military power; Syria: Russian military intervention in Soviet Union, 3,28,31,105,235; reputation, 45. See also Russia strategic partnerships, 31,36,39 status theories, 14,20,64 Syria, 5,33,40,43,61-2,91; army, 34,118,124,141,145,222; chem ical weapons, 57,183; conflict, 22,87,96,141,182,208; political ՅՕՅ settlement, 180,198; political transition, 89,99,118,124,144, 155,163,181,185,205; regime change, 51,63,86,91,93, 114, 141,145,162,216; Russian medi ation in, 3,107,209; Russian military intervention in, 4,22, 103,131,139,143,147; Russian peacemaking efforts in, 25,89, 148. See also Assad, Bashar alSyrian civil war. See Syrian revolution Syrian Democratic Forces (sdf), 15 5,161,163,181,209,214,228 Syrian insurgency. See Syrian revo lution Syrian
National Coalition (snc), 92,103,113,118,128,133 Syrian National Council (snc), 92, 95,97,103, in, 118,128. See also Syrian National Coalition (SNC) Syrian opposition, 24, 85,100,133, 171; armed opposition, 93; mod erate opposition, 121,133,196 Syrian peace talks, 101,113,135, 154,156,160-1,178 Syrian refiigees, 88,102,126,239 Syrian regime, 5,9,24,61, 85,133, 176,185. See also Syria: army Syrian revolution, 5. See also proxy war; Revolutionary Command Council (rcc); Syria: conflict; Syria: regime change; Syrian opposition; Syrian refugees Taliban, 50,59 terrorism, 5,28,47,58,61,70,101, 205; counterterrorism, in, 119, 134,138,168,179,220,239; fight against, 25,116,119,13 г, i66,
304 184,205,227; groups, ιοί, іоб. See also al-Qaeda; Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (hts); international ter rorism; isis; Islamic extremism; Islamic Front; Islamic State (is); Islamic terrorism; Jabhat Fatah al-Sham; jihadists; Nusra Front; Salafi jihadi factions; Sham, Ahrar altransitional government, 99-100, 144,155,163,181,185 Trump, Donald, 164,170-2,178-9, 183,203,214,220; administra tion, 186,195,201; foreign poli cy, 217. See also terrorism: coun terterrorism; terrorism: fight against Tsygankov, Andrei, 5,18-9,27, 67, 99,112,138,152,199 Turkey: Ankara’s foreign policy, 93, 164; Erdogan’s foreign policy, 88; geopolitical objectives, 25,152, 167; objectives in Syria, 91,166, 182-3 Ukraine, 3,23-4,36, 51,144,176, 184,209; annexation of Crimea, 7,12,73,123,152,225; conflict, 24-5,162,230; Russian military intervention in, 12,64-6,73, 80, 115,123. See also color revolu tions; orange revolution; regime change; United States (US): Russian relations; US-Russia cooperation UN-Arab League envoy. See Brahimi, Lakhdar unipolar world, 71,179,207. See also international order; liberal Index order; multipolar: world order; post-Cold War international order; Russia: liberals; Russia: new world order; world order United States (US), 4,7,10-11,32, 35,43,71; dominance, 17,20-1, 23,28,68,170,211; foreign poli cy, 12,45,134; global order, 54, 169,176,179,186,207,226; mis sile shield, 71,73,147; policy on Syria, 132; regional hegemony, 34,46; Russian relations, 23, 4-5,55, 58,77,108,164,177, 179,192, 231; unilaterialism, 12, 44,5C55 peace talks, 25, 85,135,138,147,
149,154,156,188,193,224,232 US-led alliance in Syria, 40,137; coalition, 139,188 US and nato missile defense plan, 88 US-Russia cooperation, 117,192, 209 UN the West: clubs, 30-1,34; direction of foreign policy, 27,37,38-9, 41; institutions, 23,27,30,44 Westerners. See Atlanticists Westernizers, 29,30,38-9,72; for eign policy, 30-1,38-9 world order, 71,143,152,172,179 Yanukovych, Victor, 80,112,116; association agreement with the eu, 114. See also conflict management/resolution: in Ukraine; orange revolution; Rus sia: power politics in Ukraine; Russia: sphere of influence;
Index Ukraine: conflict; Ukraine: Russ ian military intervention in Yeltsin, Boris, 7,13,27-8,33-4,37, 40,43,52, бо; government, 39-40; and Kozyrev, 23,29,30, 33, 35,37, 4Գ 45 68; leadership, ՅՕՏ 33,40. See also Russia: integra tion with the West; Russia: part nership with the West Zasypkin, Alexander, 100,136, 144-5, 187, 216, 224 Bayerissbs Staatsbibliothek a Mönchen |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Geukjian, Ohannes |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1256392014 |
| author_facet | Geukjian, Ohannes |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Geukjian, Ohannes |
| author_variant | o g og |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047873433 |
| classification_rvk | ML 7250 ML 9300 ML 9378 |
| contents | Post-Soviet Foreign Policy, 1991-2000 -- Russian Foreign Policy, 2001-11 -- Prelude to Military Intervention, 2011-14 -- The Objectives of Russia's Military Intervention, 2015-17 -- Russian Diplomacy, War, and Peace Making, 2017-19 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1319625822 (DE-599)BVBBV047873433 |
| discipline | Politologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie |
| era | Geschichte 1991-2019 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1991-2019 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>05210nam a2200709 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV047873433</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230526 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">220308s2022 b||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780228008309</subfield><subfield code="c">Paperback</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-2280-0830-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780228008293</subfield><subfield code="c">Hardback</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-2280-0829-3</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1319625822</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV047873433</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-521</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-706</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ML 7250</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)123210:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ML 9300</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)123294:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ML 9378</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)123356:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Geukjian, Ohannes</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1256392014</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">The Russian military intervention in Syria</subfield><subfield code="c">Ohannes Geukjian</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Montreal ; Kingston ; London ; Chicago</subfield><subfield code="b">McGill-Queen's University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">[2022]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">305 Seiten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Post-Soviet Foreign Policy, 1991-2000 -- Russian Foreign Policy, 2001-11 -- Prelude to Military Intervention, 2011-14 -- The Objectives of Russia's Military Intervention, 2015-17 -- Russian Diplomacy, War, and Peace Making, 2017-19</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Since the demise of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia has tried to restore its lost status, prestige, and influence in the global political arena. At the same time, internal political challenges and international events--such as the Arab Spring and the colour revolutions in former Soviet republics--have threatened the security and the national interests of the country. Taking these challenges and opportunities into account, The Russian Military Intervention in Syria examines Russia's assertive foreign policy and its attempts to protect its geostrategic interests in the Middle East and former Soviet territory. Ohannes Geukjian analyzes the history of Russian military presence in the Middle East and the country's growing frustration with American and Western policy, revealing the objectives behind Russia's use of military power--namely, to maintain its regional influence in Eurasia and to enhance its status in the world. Geukjian provides a detailed examination of the Geneva and Astana peace processes, the geopolitical objectives of Turkey, Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia, and how disagreements between Russia and the United States over issues of regime change, global security, and armaments have negative implications for international conflict management. The Russian Military Intervention in Syria is an authoritative overview, based on a wide range of new and updated sources, providing a fresh interpretation and analysis of Russia's foreign policy goals and Russian diplomacy in handling the Syrian conflict."--</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1991-2019</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Bürgerkrieg in Syrien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1041651422</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geopolitik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4156741-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Militärische Intervention</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4027497-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Außenpolitik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4003846-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Naher Osten</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4068878-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Syria / History / Civil War, 2011-</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / Middle East</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Middle East / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Russia (Federation) / Military policy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Naher Osten</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4068878-1</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Bürgerkrieg in Syrien</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1041651422</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Militärische Intervention</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4027497-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geopolitik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4156741-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="5"><subfield code="a">Außenpolitik</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4003846-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="6"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1991-2019</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe, PDF</subfield><subfield code="z">978-0-2280-0945-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe, EPUB</subfield><subfield code="z">978-0-2280-0946-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033255904&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033255904&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Literaturverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033255904&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Register // Gemischte Register</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">BSB_NED_20220609</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033255904</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">355.009</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">090512</subfield><subfield code="g">56</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">355</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">09049</subfield><subfield code="g">471</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">090513</subfield><subfield code="g">56</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">909</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">090511</subfield><subfield code="g">471</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland Naher Osten |
| id | DE-604.BV047873433 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:20:28Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:23:52Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780228008309 9780228008293 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033255904 |
| oclc_num | 1319625822 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-521 DE-706 DE-703 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-521 DE-706 DE-703 DE-12 |
| physical | 305 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220609 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | McGill-Queen's University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Geukjian, Ohannes Verfasser (DE-588)1256392014 aut The Russian military intervention in Syria Ohannes Geukjian Montreal ; Kingston ; London ; Chicago McGill-Queen's University Press [2022] 305 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Post-Soviet Foreign Policy, 1991-2000 -- Russian Foreign Policy, 2001-11 -- Prelude to Military Intervention, 2011-14 -- The Objectives of Russia's Military Intervention, 2015-17 -- Russian Diplomacy, War, and Peace Making, 2017-19 "Since the demise of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia has tried to restore its lost status, prestige, and influence in the global political arena. At the same time, internal political challenges and international events--such as the Arab Spring and the colour revolutions in former Soviet republics--have threatened the security and the national interests of the country. Taking these challenges and opportunities into account, The Russian Military Intervention in Syria examines Russia's assertive foreign policy and its attempts to protect its geostrategic interests in the Middle East and former Soviet territory. Ohannes Geukjian analyzes the history of Russian military presence in the Middle East and the country's growing frustration with American and Western policy, revealing the objectives behind Russia's use of military power--namely, to maintain its regional influence in Eurasia and to enhance its status in the world. Geukjian provides a detailed examination of the Geneva and Astana peace processes, the geopolitical objectives of Turkey, Iran, Israel, and Saudi Arabia, and how disagreements between Russia and the United States over issues of regime change, global security, and armaments have negative implications for international conflict management. The Russian Military Intervention in Syria is an authoritative overview, based on a wide range of new and updated sources, providing a fresh interpretation and analysis of Russia's foreign policy goals and Russian diplomacy in handling the Syrian conflict."-- Geschichte 1991-2019 gnd rswk-swf Bürgerkrieg in Syrien (DE-588)1041651422 gnd rswk-swf Geopolitik (DE-588)4156741-9 gnd rswk-swf Militärische Intervention (DE-588)4027497-4 gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 gnd rswk-swf Syria / History / Civil War, 2011- Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / Middle East Middle East / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations Russia (Federation) / Military policy Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 g Bürgerkrieg in Syrien (DE-588)1041651422 s Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Militärische Intervention (DE-588)4027497-4 s Geopolitik (DE-588)4156741-9 s Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Geschichte 1991-2019 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-0-2280-0945-0 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-0-2280-0946-7 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033255904&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033255904&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033255904&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Geukjian, Ohannes The Russian military intervention in Syria Post-Soviet Foreign Policy, 1991-2000 -- Russian Foreign Policy, 2001-11 -- Prelude to Military Intervention, 2011-14 -- The Objectives of Russia's Military Intervention, 2015-17 -- Russian Diplomacy, War, and Peace Making, 2017-19 Bürgerkrieg in Syrien (DE-588)1041651422 gnd Geopolitik (DE-588)4156741-9 gnd Militärische Intervention (DE-588)4027497-4 gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)1041651422 (DE-588)4156741-9 (DE-588)4027497-4 (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4068878-1 |
| title | The Russian military intervention in Syria |
| title_auth | The Russian military intervention in Syria |
| title_exact_search | The Russian military intervention in Syria |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Russian military intervention in Syria |
| title_full | The Russian military intervention in Syria Ohannes Geukjian |
| title_fullStr | The Russian military intervention in Syria Ohannes Geukjian |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Russian military intervention in Syria Ohannes Geukjian |
| title_short | The Russian military intervention in Syria |
| title_sort | the russian military intervention in syria |
| topic | Bürgerkrieg in Syrien (DE-588)1041651422 gnd Geopolitik (DE-588)4156741-9 gnd Militärische Intervention (DE-588)4027497-4 gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bürgerkrieg in Syrien Geopolitik Militärische Intervention Außenpolitik Russland Naher Osten |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033255904&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033255904&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033255904&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT geukjianohannes therussianmilitaryinterventioninsyria |