Normative transformation and the War on Terrorism: the evolution of targeted killing, torture, and private military contracting
"The value of a pragmatist and relational view of normativity lies in two contributions. The first is that which escapes the 'co-constitutionalist' binary that is ontologically embedded in most existing IR theories of norms. Co-constitutionalist theories envision a world where norms a...
Gespeichert in:
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge ; New York ; Port Melbourne ; New Delhi ; Singapore
Cambridge University Press
2022
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Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Zusammenfassung: | "The value of a pragmatist and relational view of normativity lies in two contributions. The first is that which escapes the 'co-constitutionalist' binary that is ontologically embedded in most existing IR theories of norms. Co-constitutionalist theories envision a world where norms are discrete social structures that are reflexively or recursively linked to the agency of individual actors. In other words, norms shape what people do and then in turn are shaped by those doings. This approach makes a great deal of sense in considering major revisions in how states conduct themselves, such as the emergence of movements for total bans on particular kinds of weapons or for an end to institutionalised practices such as slavery. It makes less sense, however, when actors deny that a new norm has emerged, even when they have embraced new practices that would previously have been widely considered counternormative. It also makes less sense when it is unclear to scholarly observers whether a norm is being violated, whether it has disappeared entirely, or whether it has changed in referent even if not in name. For cases such as these, clarity and analytical purchase is best found in breaking 'norms' down into their component social parts"-- |
Beschreibung: | xi, 215 Seiten Illustration 24 cm |
ISBN: | 9781316515174 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Contents List of Figures and Tables page viii Preface 1 Introduction: Normative Transformation, Prohibitions, and International Politics 1.1 Introduction to the Introduction 1.2 Norm Transformation and the Puzzle of Apparent Prohibition Demise 1.3 Plan of the Book ix 1 1 5 11 2 A Theory of Normativity 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Theoretical Approaches to Norm Change in International Relations 2.3 From Norms to the Normative Configuration 2.3.1 Pragmatism and the Normativity of Action 2.3.2 From Action to the Normative Configuration 2.4 Normative Configurations in the Study of Practices, Relations, and Fields 2.5 Summary 15 15 17 24 26 30 3 Tracing Normative Transformations 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Mechanisms of Normative Transformation 3.3 The Three-Stage Approach 3.3.1 Data, Evidence, and Explanation 3.4 Summary 38 38 41 49 55 57 4 Case 1: Targeted Killing and Assassination 4.1 Introduction 4.2 De-reification: Targeted Killing and the Prohibition on Assassination 58 58 32 36 62 v
vi Contents 4.2.1 Targeted Killing and the International Prohibition on Assassination 4.2.2 Targeted Killing and the Domestic Prohibition on Assassination 4.3 Attributing Agency: Technological and Ethical Potential for Change 4.4 Tracing Transactions: The Three Mechanisms at Work 4.4.1 The Emergence of a Targeted Killing Programme 4.4.2 The Expansion and Normalisation of the Targeted Killing Programme 4.5 Summary 5 Case 2: ‘Enhanced Interrogation’ and the Prohibition on Torture 5.1 Introduction 5.2 De-reification: The Prohibition on Torture in Convention and Practice 5.2.1 Formal and Legal Prohibitions on Torture 5.2.2 Informal Practitioner Aversions to Torture 5.3 Attributing Agency: Technological and Ethical Potential for Change 5.4 Tracing Transactions: The Three Mechanisms at Work 5.4.1 The Emergence of EITs 5.4.2 The Institutionalisation and Spread of EITs 5.4.3 The End of EITs and the Re-affirmation of a Prohibition on Torture 5.5 Summary 6 Case 3: Private Military and Security Companies and the Prohibition on Mercenaries 6.1 Introduction 6.2 De-reification: The Prohibition on Mercenaries and the Rise of the Modern PMSC 6.2.1 Mercenaries and the Monopolisation of Military Force 6.2.2 Prohibitions on Mercenaries in the Modern Context 6.3 Attributing Agency: Technological and Ethical Potential for Change 6.4 Tracing Transactions: The Three Mechanisms at Work 6.4.1 PMSCs and the Emerging Market for Force 6.4.2 PMSCs and the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq 6.4.3 PMSCs and the International Normative Environment 6.5 Summary 63 65 70 74 74 78 83 86 86 89 89 90 95 98 98 107 111
118 120 120 123 123 125 127 131 131 137 146 152
Contents 7 Conclusion: Normative Transformation, International Politics, and the World beyond Counterterrorism 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Broader Lessons on Norms and the USA’s Targeted Killing, Torture, and Contractors 7.2.1 Comparing and Contrasting Case Studies: Targeted Killing and Torture 7.2.2 Comparing and Contrasting Case Studies: Targeted Killing and PMSCs 7.2.3 Comparing and Contrasting Approaches: Mine and Others 7.3 Broader Horizons of Normative Transformation and the Three Mechanisms 7.4 Normative Implications of a Pragmatist Theory of Normative Transformation 7.4.1 The Ethics of Counterterrorism and the Three Mechanisms of Normative Transformation 7.4.2 From Facts to Values in a Theory of Normative Transformation 7.5 Final Remarks References Index vii 155 155 156 157 160 162 165 172 172 176 178 181 207
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adam_txt |
Contents List of Figures and Tables page viii Preface 1 Introduction: Normative Transformation, Prohibitions, and International Politics 1.1 Introduction to the Introduction 1.2 Norm Transformation and the Puzzle of Apparent Prohibition Demise 1.3 Plan of the Book ix 1 1 5 11 2 A Theory of Normativity 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Theoretical Approaches to Norm Change in International Relations 2.3 From Norms to the Normative Configuration 2.3.1 Pragmatism and the Normativity of Action 2.3.2 From Action to the Normative Configuration 2.4 Normative Configurations in the Study of Practices, Relations, and Fields 2.5 Summary 15 15 17 24 26 30 3 Tracing Normative Transformations 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Mechanisms of Normative Transformation 3.3 The Three-Stage Approach 3.3.1 Data, Evidence, and Explanation 3.4 Summary 38 38 41 49 55 57 4 Case 1: Targeted Killing and Assassination 4.1 Introduction 4.2 De-reification: Targeted Killing and the Prohibition on Assassination 58 58 32 36 62 v
vi Contents 4.2.1 Targeted Killing and the International Prohibition on Assassination 4.2.2 Targeted Killing and the Domestic Prohibition on Assassination 4.3 Attributing Agency: Technological and Ethical Potential for Change 4.4 Tracing Transactions: The Three Mechanisms at Work 4.4.1 The Emergence of a Targeted Killing Programme 4.4.2 The Expansion and Normalisation of the Targeted Killing Programme 4.5 Summary 5 Case 2: ‘Enhanced Interrogation’ and the Prohibition on Torture 5.1 Introduction 5.2 De-reification: The Prohibition on Torture in Convention and Practice 5.2.1 Formal and Legal Prohibitions on Torture 5.2.2 Informal Practitioner Aversions to Torture 5.3 Attributing Agency: Technological and Ethical Potential for Change 5.4 Tracing Transactions: The Three Mechanisms at Work 5.4.1 The Emergence of EITs 5.4.2 The Institutionalisation and Spread of EITs 5.4.3 The End of EITs and the Re-affirmation of a Prohibition on Torture 5.5 Summary 6 Case 3: Private Military and Security Companies and the Prohibition on Mercenaries 6.1 Introduction 6.2 De-reification: The Prohibition on Mercenaries and the Rise of the Modern PMSC 6.2.1 Mercenaries and the Monopolisation of Military Force 6.2.2 Prohibitions on Mercenaries in the Modern Context 6.3 Attributing Agency: Technological and Ethical Potential for Change 6.4 Tracing Transactions: The Three Mechanisms at Work 6.4.1 PMSCs and the Emerging Market for Force 6.4.2 PMSCs and the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq 6.4.3 PMSCs and the International Normative Environment 6.5 Summary 63 65 70 74 74 78 83 86 86 89 89 90 95 98 98 107 111
118 120 120 123 123 125 127 131 131 137 146 152
Contents 7 Conclusion: Normative Transformation, International Politics, and the World beyond Counterterrorism 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Broader Lessons on Norms and the USA’s Targeted Killing, Torture, and Contractors 7.2.1 Comparing and Contrasting Case Studies: Targeted Killing and Torture 7.2.2 Comparing and Contrasting Case Studies: Targeted Killing and PMSCs 7.2.3 Comparing and Contrasting Approaches: Mine and Others 7.3 Broader Horizons of Normative Transformation and the Three Mechanisms 7.4 Normative Implications of a Pragmatist Theory of Normative Transformation 7.4.1 The Ethics of Counterterrorism and the Three Mechanisms of Normative Transformation 7.4.2 From Facts to Values in a Theory of Normative Transformation 7.5 Final Remarks References Index vii 155 155 156 157 160 162 165 172 172 176 178 181 207 |
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author | Pratt, Simon Frankel ca. 20./21. Jh |
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spelling | Pratt, Simon Frankel ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)1155753631 aut Normative transformation and the War on Terrorism the evolution of targeted killing, torture, and private military contracting Simon Frankel Pratt, University of Melbourne Cambridge ; New York ; Port Melbourne ; New Delhi ; Singapore Cambridge University Press 2022 xi, 215 Seiten Illustration 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "The value of a pragmatist and relational view of normativity lies in two contributions. The first is that which escapes the 'co-constitutionalist' binary that is ontologically embedded in most existing IR theories of norms. Co-constitutionalist theories envision a world where norms are discrete social structures that are reflexively or recursively linked to the agency of individual actors. In other words, norms shape what people do and then in turn are shaped by those doings. This approach makes a great deal of sense in considering major revisions in how states conduct themselves, such as the emergence of movements for total bans on particular kinds of weapons or for an end to institutionalised practices such as slavery. It makes less sense, however, when actors deny that a new norm has emerged, even when they have embraced new practices that would previously have been widely considered counternormative. It also makes less sense when it is unclear to scholarly observers whether a norm is being violated, whether it has disappeared entirely, or whether it has changed in referent even if not in name. For cases such as these, clarity and analytical purchase is best found in breaking 'norms' down into their component social parts"-- Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd rswk-swf Normativität (DE-588)4790832-4 gnd rswk-swf Terrorismus (DE-588)4059534-1 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf Security, International / Moral and ethical aspects War on Terrorism, 2001-2009 Normativity (Ethics) Soft law Social norms Terrorism / Prevention / Moral and ethical aspects United States / Foreign relations / 21st century United States / Military policy POLITICAL SCIENCE / International Relations / General Diplomatic relations Military policy United States 2000-2099 USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Terrorismus (DE-588)4059534-1 s Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 s Normativität (DE-588)4790832-4 s DE-604 Äquivalent Druck-Ausgabe, Paperback 978-1-00-909646-1 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-00-909232-6 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033245637&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Pratt, Simon Frankel ca. 20./21. Jh Normative transformation and the War on Terrorism the evolution of targeted killing, torture, and private military contracting Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd Normativität (DE-588)4790832-4 gnd Terrorismus (DE-588)4059534-1 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4112701-8 (DE-588)4790832-4 (DE-588)4059534-1 (DE-588)4078704-7 |
title | Normative transformation and the War on Terrorism the evolution of targeted killing, torture, and private military contracting |
title_auth | Normative transformation and the War on Terrorism the evolution of targeted killing, torture, and private military contracting |
title_exact_search | Normative transformation and the War on Terrorism the evolution of targeted killing, torture, and private military contracting |
title_exact_search_txtP | Normative transformation and the War on Terrorism the evolution of targeted killing, torture, and private military contracting |
title_full | Normative transformation and the War on Terrorism the evolution of targeted killing, torture, and private military contracting Simon Frankel Pratt, University of Melbourne |
title_fullStr | Normative transformation and the War on Terrorism the evolution of targeted killing, torture, and private military contracting Simon Frankel Pratt, University of Melbourne |
title_full_unstemmed | Normative transformation and the War on Terrorism the evolution of targeted killing, torture, and private military contracting Simon Frankel Pratt, University of Melbourne |
title_short | Normative transformation and the War on Terrorism |
title_sort | normative transformation and the war on terrorism the evolution of targeted killing torture and private military contracting |
title_sub | the evolution of targeted killing, torture, and private military contracting |
topic | Bekämpfung (DE-588)4112701-8 gnd Normativität (DE-588)4790832-4 gnd Terrorismus (DE-588)4059534-1 gnd |
topic_facet | Bekämpfung Normativität Terrorismus USA |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033245637&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT prattsimonfrankel normativetransformationandthewaronterrorismtheevolutionoftargetedkillingtortureandprivatemilitarycontracting |