Virtuality and humanity: virtual practice and its evolution from pre-history to the 21st century
This is a pioneering study of virtuality through human history: ancient-to-modern evolution and recent expansion; expression in many fields (chapters on Religion; Philosophy, Math, Physics; Literature and the Arts; Economics; Nationhood, Government and War; Communication); psychological and social r...
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| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Singapore
Springer
[2021]
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | This is a pioneering study of virtuality through human history: ancient-to-modern evolution and recent expansion; expression in many fields (chapters on Religion; Philosophy, Math, Physics; Literature and the Arts; Economics; Nationhood, Government and War; Communication); psychological and social reasons for its universality; inter-relationship with "reality." The book's thesis: virtuality was always an integral part of humanity in many areas of life, generally expanding over the ages. The reasons: 1- brain psychology; 2- virtuality's six functions escape from boredom to relieving existential dread. Other questions addressed: How will future neuroscience, biotech and "communications" affect virtuality? Can/should there be limits to human virtualizing? Prof. Sam Lehman-Wilzig (PhD, Harvard U.) is Professor Emeritus of Bar-Ilan University, Israel, where he chaired its Political Science Department and also its School of Communication. He also served as Chairman of the Israel Political Science Association |
| Beschreibung: | xxiii, 341 Seiten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789811665257 |
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| adam_text | Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1.1 The Book’s Underlying Purpose and Thesis ................................ 1.2 The Outline of the Book................................................................. 1.3 The Book’s Epistemology and Inter-disciplinary Approach .... Part I 1 1 6 8 Fundamentals of Virtuality: Definitions and Psychology 2 Defining Virtuality .............................................................................. 2.1 Introduction: Historical Etymology ............................................. 2.2 The Virtuality Definition Problématique ..................................... 2.3 The Taxonomy and Spectrom of Virtuality Meanings ................ 2.4 Discussion ...................................................................................... 13 13 16 17 28 3 Virtuality and/in theBrain ....................................................................... 3.1 Purpose of the Chapter.................................................................. 3.2 Virtuality and the Brain: A Brief PhilosophicalExcursus........... 3.3 The Brain: External and Internal Worlds ..................................... 3.4 Virtual Perception .......................................................................... 3.5 Virtual Cognition............................................................................ 3.6 Extreme Mental Virtuality ............................................................. 3.7 Conclusion
...................................................................................... 31 31 32 35 37 45 52 55 Part II 4 The History and Evolution of Virtuality in Human Society Religion and the Supernatural................................................................. 4.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 4.2 Levels of Virtuality in Different Types of Religious Systems .......................................................................................... 4.3 Origin and Functions of Religion ................................................. 4.4 Religion and Virtuality: Historical Progression? ........................ 4.5 Atheism: Anti-religion; Anti-virtuality? ...................................... 4.6 Religion Online and Online Religion........................................... 59 59 60 62 66 68 71 xvii
xviii 5 6 7 Contents Mathematics, Philosophy, Physics and Cosmology ............................ 5.1 Preface ............................................................................................ 5.2 Mathematics.................................................................................... 5.3 Natural Philosophy: Philosophical Physics in Antiquity ........... 5.4 Idealistic/Process Conceptions of Reality in the Modern “Atomistic” Era.............................................................................. 5.5 Idealism’s Resurgence in the Contemporary Era: Quantum Mechanics...................................................................... 5.6 Virtual Astrology and the Virtualization of Astronomy............. 5.7 Cosmology...................................................................................... 5.8 Conclusion and Coda: Physics and Philosophy; Physics and Mind ........................................................................................ Music, Literature and the Arts ............................................................... 6.1 Characteristics and Functions of the Artistic Endeavor.............. 6.2 The Art of Virtualizing the Arts: Biological Adaptations and Exaptations .............................................................................. 6.3 Music .............................................................................................. 6.4 Virtual Storytelling: Voice, Written and Visual Narratives—Oral Epics, Literature, Journalism, Theater, TV and
Cinema.............................................................................. 6.5 Painting, Sculpture and Other Visual Arts................................... 6.6 Conclusion: The Unreality and Increasing Virtuality of Artistic Expression..................................................................... 73 73 74 79 81 85 87 93 99 103 103 105 110 114 122 126 Economics.................................................................................................... 7.1 Introduction: The Historical Eras of Economic Activity ............ 7.2 The History of Money: Virtualization of Economic Exchange ........................................................................................ 7.3 Virtualizing Economic Organization and Property...................... 7.4 The Economics of Digital Virtuality ........................................... 7.5 Material Virtuality........................................................................... 7.6 Conclusion: Economic Theory and Economic Virtuality .......... 129 129 130 135 140 143 145 8 Community and Nationhood, Government, War ............................... 8.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 8.2 Political Society’s Development and Expansion.......................... 8.3 The Virtuality of Nationalism ....................................................... 8.4 Other Unifying (Virtual) Isms ....................................................... 8.5 The Virtualization of Government ............................................... 8.6 The Virtualization of
Warfare ....................................................... 149 149 149 152 156 161 163 9 Communication To/With/By the Masses ............................................... 9.1 Preface: Content, Modes, and Media of Communication ........... 9.2 Earliest Origins ............................................................................... 9.3 Writing and the Virtualization of Other Spheres of Life ............ 9.4 Media Virtuality: Orality/Literacy; Time/Distance...................... 169 169 169 173 176
xtx Contents 9.5 9.6 Maps: The Virtuality of Visual Print ........................................... Mass Communication in the Modem Era: The Printed Word ............................................................................................... Conclusion: The Evolution of Communication Virtuality.......... 179 Virtuality’s Expansion in the Modern Era: Meilia and Society........ 10.1 General Overview .......................................................................... 10.2 The Virtuality of Modem New Media ......................................... 10.2.1 Telegraph........................................................................ 10.2.2 Photography .................................................................. 10.2.3 Telephone ...................................................................... 10.2.4 Sound Reproduction (Music Recording) .................... 10.2.5 Cinema .......................................................................... 10.2.6 Radio .............................................................................. 10.2.7 Television ...................................................................... 10.2.8 Computer ...................................................................... 10.2.9 Internet .......................................................................... 10.3 Socio-economic Trends ................................................................ 10.3.1 Science: The New Religion ......................................... 10.3.2 Science: Discovering the Objective Virtual
World.............................................................................. 10.4 The Expansion of Virtuality in the Late Modem Era: Natural Sciences ............................................................................ 10.4.1 Science: Darwin and Evolutionary Potentialities .... 10.4.2 Science: Quantum Physics, Relativity and the Underlying Virtuality of Reality .................... 10.5 Late Modem Virtuality Expansion: Psychology and Ideational Philosophy ............................................................. 10.5.1 Social Science: Freud and the Mind’s Hidden Inner Life ...................................................................... 10.5.2 Ideational Systems......................................................... 10.6 Holistic Virtuality .......................................................................... 10.6.1 Dimensions: Math, Religion, Literature, Art, Psychology ..................................................................... 10.6.2 Post-modernism (and Its Heirs) .................................... 191 191 193 194 194 196 196 198 199 200 202 202 204 206 9.7 10 Part III 11 182 188 207 209 209 210 213 214 215 217 218 223 Virtuality and Reality: Functions and Connections Why Do We Virtualize?............................................................................ 11.1 The 6 W’s of Virtuality................................................................... 11.2 Why Virtuality? Escaping Boredom and Dreariness .................. 11.3 Why Virtuality? Efficiency ........................................................... 11.4 Why
Virtuality? Curiosity ............................................................. 11.5 Why Virtuality? Theory of Mind and Social Cohesion/Conflict ........................................................................... 11.6 Why Virtuality? Thinking Beyond Present Reality .................... 229 229 231 233 234 235 237
xx Contents 11.7 11.8 12 Why Virtuality? Resolving Existential Angst............................. Virtuality’s Multiple Benefits ....................................................... 239 240 Virtuality and Reality: Two Sides of the Same Coin........................... 12.1 Virtu(re)ality .................................................................................. 12.2 Virtuality Impinging on Reality ................................................... 12.3 Examples of Virtu(re)ality ............................................................. 12.3.1 Sex .................................................................................. 12.3.2 Live Event Video ........................................................... 12.3.3 Virtual/Physical Activity............................................... 12.3.4 Gaming the Real World................................................. 12.3.5 Artificial Intelligence Events ....................................... 12.3.6 Education ...................................................................... 12.3.7 Training Simulation....................................................... 12.3.8 Online Shopping ........................................................... 12.4 The Real Becoming Virtual ........................................................... 12.4.1 Ghost Towns................................................................... 12.4.2 Historical Sites............................................................... 12.4.3 Archeological Sites ....................................................... 12.4.4
Museums......................................................................... 12.5 Blended Life: Indistinguishable Virtuality/Reality...................... 12.6 Conclusion: The Expansion of Both Reality and Virtuality .... 243 243 247 249 250 251 252 252 253 253 254 255 255 256 256 256 257 257 259 Part IV 13 Present and Future Perfect: Where Do, and Should, We Go from Here? The Ultimate Virtual Frontier: Neuroscience, Biotech and Compunications................................................................................... 13.1 The Virtuality of the Future........................................................... 13.2 The Future Fallacy ......................................................................... 13.3 3D Holographic TV ....................................................................... 13.4 Artificial Intelligence (Micro) ....................................................... 13.4.1 Virtualities of AI ........................................................... 13.4.2 The Pre-history of AI ................................................... 13.4.3 Types of AI ..................................................................... 13.4.4 Future Computers ......................................................... 13.5 Artificial Intelligence (Macro)....................................................... 13.6 Brain-to֊Machine-to-Brain Communication................................ 13.7 Augmented Reality ......................................................................... 13.8 Invisibility and Opaque Transparency
.......................................... 13.9 Historical Memory: Micro............................................................. 13.10 Historical Memory: Macro ........................................................... 13.11 Simulated Reality ........................................................................... 13.12 Virtual Reality ................................................................................. 13.12.1 Education: Biology ....................................................... 13.12.2 Education: History......................................................... 263 263 265 266 267 267 268 268 269 272 273 275 276 277 280 281 284 285 285
Contents 13.12.3 Training.......................................................................... The Ultimate Existential Question ............................................... Virtual Immortality ........................................................................ Conclusion: Thinking About the Future ..................................... 286 286 287 289 Conclusions: ShouldThere Be Limits to Human Virtualizing?......... 14.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 14.2 Virtuality in Light of Value Mutability and Lifeworld Adaptability .................................................................................... 14.3 Limits to Virtuality: Philosophical and Methodological Issues .............................................................................................. 14.4 Virtuality: Facing the Unknown Future ....................................... 14.5 Coda: The Reality of Virtuality..................................................... 291 291 13.13 13.14 13.15 14 xxi 292 294 296 298 Appendix: A Taxonomyof Virtuality ................................................................ 301 References .............................................................................................................. 303 Index........................................................................................................................ 329
|
| adam_txt |
Contents 1 Introduction . 1.1 The Book’s Underlying Purpose and Thesis . 1.2 The Outline of the Book. 1.3 The Book’s Epistemology and Inter-disciplinary Approach . Part I 1 1 6 8 Fundamentals of Virtuality: Definitions and Psychology 2 Defining Virtuality . 2.1 Introduction: Historical Etymology . 2.2 The Virtuality Definition Problématique . 2.3 The Taxonomy and Spectrom of Virtuality Meanings . 2.4 Discussion . 13 13 16 17 28 3 Virtuality and/in theBrain . 3.1 Purpose of the Chapter. 3.2 Virtuality and the Brain: A Brief PhilosophicalExcursus. 3.3 The Brain: External and Internal Worlds . 3.4 Virtual Perception . 3.5 Virtual Cognition. 3.6 Extreme Mental Virtuality . 3.7 Conclusion
. 31 31 32 35 37 45 52 55 Part II 4 The History and Evolution of Virtuality in Human Society Religion and the Supernatural. 4.1 Introduction . 4.2 Levels of Virtuality in Different Types of Religious Systems . 4.3 Origin and Functions of Religion . 4.4 Religion and Virtuality: Historical Progression? . 4.5 Atheism: Anti-religion; Anti-virtuality? . 4.6 Religion Online and Online Religion. 59 59 60 62 66 68 71 xvii
xviii 5 6 7 Contents Mathematics, Philosophy, Physics and Cosmology . 5.1 Preface . 5.2 Mathematics. 5.3 Natural Philosophy: Philosophical Physics in Antiquity . 5.4 Idealistic/Process Conceptions of Reality in the Modern “Atomistic” Era. 5.5 Idealism’s Resurgence in the Contemporary Era: Quantum Mechanics. 5.6 Virtual Astrology and the Virtualization of Astronomy. 5.7 Cosmology. 5.8 Conclusion and Coda: Physics and Philosophy; Physics and Mind . Music, Literature and the Arts . 6.1 Characteristics and Functions of the Artistic Endeavor. 6.2 The Art of Virtualizing the Arts: Biological Adaptations and Exaptations . 6.3 Music . 6.4 Virtual Storytelling: Voice, Written and Visual Narratives—Oral Epics, Literature, Journalism, Theater, TV and
Cinema. 6.5 Painting, Sculpture and Other Visual Arts. 6.6 Conclusion: The Unreality and Increasing Virtuality of Artistic Expression. 73 73 74 79 81 85 87 93 99 103 103 105 110 114 122 126 Economics. 7.1 Introduction: The Historical Eras of Economic Activity . 7.2 The History of Money: Virtualization of Economic Exchange . 7.3 Virtualizing Economic Organization and Property. 7.4 The Economics of Digital Virtuality . 7.5 Material Virtuality. 7.6 Conclusion: Economic Theory and Economic Virtuality . 129 129 130 135 140 143 145 8 Community and Nationhood, Government, War . 8.1 Introduction . 8.2 Political Society’s Development and Expansion. 8.3 The Virtuality of Nationalism . 8.4 Other Unifying (Virtual) Isms . 8.5 The Virtualization of Government . 8.6 The Virtualization of
Warfare . 149 149 149 152 156 161 163 9 Communication To/With/By the Masses . 9.1 Preface: Content, Modes, and Media of Communication . 9.2 Earliest Origins . 9.3 Writing and the Virtualization of Other Spheres of Life . 9.4 Media Virtuality: Orality/Literacy; Time/Distance. 169 169 169 173 176
xtx Contents 9.5 9.6 Maps: The Virtuality of Visual Print . Mass Communication in the Modem Era: The Printed Word . Conclusion: The Evolution of Communication Virtuality. 179 Virtuality’s Expansion in the Modern Era: Meilia and Society. 10.1 General Overview . 10.2 The Virtuality of Modem New Media . 10.2.1 Telegraph. 10.2.2 Photography . 10.2.3 Telephone . 10.2.4 Sound Reproduction (Music Recording) . 10.2.5 Cinema . 10.2.6 Radio . 10.2.7 Television . 10.2.8 Computer . 10.2.9 Internet . 10.3 Socio-economic Trends . 10.3.1 Science: The New Religion . 10.3.2 Science: Discovering the Objective Virtual
World. 10.4 The Expansion of Virtuality in the Late Modem Era: Natural Sciences . 10.4.1 Science: Darwin and Evolutionary Potentialities . 10.4.2 Science: Quantum Physics, Relativity and the Underlying Virtuality of Reality . 10.5 Late Modem Virtuality Expansion: Psychology and Ideational Philosophy . 10.5.1 Social Science: Freud and the Mind’s Hidden Inner Life . 10.5.2 Ideational Systems. 10.6 Holistic Virtuality . 10.6.1 Dimensions: Math, Religion, Literature, Art, Psychology . 10.6.2 Post-modernism (and Its Heirs) . 191 191 193 194 194 196 196 198 199 200 202 202 204 206 9.7 10 Part III 11 182 188 207 209 209 210 213 214 215 217 218 223 Virtuality and Reality: Functions and Connections Why Do We Virtualize?. 11.1 The 6 W’s of Virtuality. 11.2 Why Virtuality? Escaping Boredom and Dreariness . 11.3 Why Virtuality? Efficiency . 11.4 Why
Virtuality? Curiosity . 11.5 Why Virtuality? Theory of Mind and Social Cohesion/Conflict . 11.6 Why Virtuality? Thinking Beyond Present Reality . 229 229 231 233 234 235 237
xx Contents 11.7 11.8 12 Why Virtuality? Resolving Existential Angst. Virtuality’s Multiple Benefits . 239 240 Virtuality and Reality: Two Sides of the Same Coin. 12.1 Virtu(re)ality . 12.2 Virtuality Impinging on Reality . 12.3 Examples of Virtu(re)ality . 12.3.1 Sex . 12.3.2 Live Event Video . 12.3.3 Virtual/Physical Activity. 12.3.4 Gaming the Real World. 12.3.5 Artificial Intelligence Events . 12.3.6 Education . 12.3.7 Training Simulation. 12.3.8 Online Shopping . 12.4 The Real Becoming Virtual . 12.4.1 Ghost Towns. 12.4.2 Historical Sites. 12.4.3 Archeological Sites . 12.4.4
Museums. 12.5 Blended Life: Indistinguishable Virtuality/Reality. 12.6 Conclusion: The Expansion of Both Reality and Virtuality . 243 243 247 249 250 251 252 252 253 253 254 255 255 256 256 256 257 257 259 Part IV 13 Present and Future Perfect: Where Do, and Should, We Go from Here? The Ultimate Virtual Frontier: Neuroscience, Biotech and Compunications. 13.1 The Virtuality of the Future. 13.2 The Future Fallacy . 13.3 3D Holographic TV . 13.4 Artificial Intelligence (Micro) . 13.4.1 Virtualities of AI . 13.4.2 The Pre-history of AI . 13.4.3 Types of AI . 13.4.4 Future Computers . 13.5 Artificial Intelligence (Macro). 13.6 Brain-to֊Machine-to-Brain Communication. 13.7 Augmented Reality . 13.8 Invisibility and Opaque Transparency
. 13.9 Historical Memory: Micro. 13.10 Historical Memory: Macro . 13.11 Simulated Reality . 13.12 Virtual Reality . 13.12.1 Education: Biology . 13.12.2 Education: History. 263 263 265 266 267 267 268 268 269 272 273 275 276 277 280 281 284 285 285
Contents 13.12.3 Training. The Ultimate Existential Question . Virtual Immortality . Conclusion: Thinking About the Future . 286 286 287 289 Conclusions: ShouldThere Be Limits to Human Virtualizing?. 14.1 Introduction . 14.2 Virtuality in Light of Value Mutability and Lifeworld Adaptability . 14.3 Limits to Virtuality: Philosophical and Methodological Issues . 14.4 Virtuality: Facing the Unknown Future . 14.5 Coda: The Reality of Virtuality. 291 291 13.13 13.14 13.15 14 xxi 292 294 296 298 Appendix: A Taxonomyof Virtuality . 301 References . 303 Index. 329 |
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| publisher | Springer |
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| spelling | Lehman-Wilzig, Sam N. 1949- Verfasser (DE-588)172570433 aut Virtuality and humanity virtual practice and its evolution from pre-history to the 21st century Sam N. Lehman-Wilzig Singapore Springer [2021] xxiii, 341 Seiten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier This is a pioneering study of virtuality through human history: ancient-to-modern evolution and recent expansion; expression in many fields (chapters on Religion; Philosophy, Math, Physics; Literature and the Arts; Economics; Nationhood, Government and War; Communication); psychological and social reasons for its universality; inter-relationship with "reality." The book's thesis: virtuality was always an integral part of humanity in many areas of life, generally expanding over the ages. The reasons: 1- brain psychology; 2- virtuality's six functions escape from boredom to relieving existential dread. Other questions addressed: How will future neuroscience, biotech and "communications" affect virtuality? Can/should there be limits to human virtualizing? Prof. Sam Lehman-Wilzig (PhD, Harvard U.) is Professor Emeritus of Bar-Ilan University, Israel, where he chaired its Political Science Department and also its School of Communication. He also served as Chairman of the Israel Political Science Association Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Virtuelle Realität (DE-588)4399931-1 gnd rswk-swf Kulturpsychologie (DE-588)4033586-0 gnd rswk-swf Virtual reality / Philosophy Human-computer interaction / Philosophy Kulturpsychologie (DE-588)4033586-0 s Virtuelle Realität (DE-588)4399931-1 s Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-981-16-6526-4 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033241341&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Lehman-Wilzig, Sam N. 1949- Virtuality and humanity virtual practice and its evolution from pre-history to the 21st century Virtuelle Realität (DE-588)4399931-1 gnd Kulturpsychologie (DE-588)4033586-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4399931-1 (DE-588)4033586-0 |
| title | Virtuality and humanity virtual practice and its evolution from pre-history to the 21st century |
| title_auth | Virtuality and humanity virtual practice and its evolution from pre-history to the 21st century |
| title_exact_search | Virtuality and humanity virtual practice and its evolution from pre-history to the 21st century |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Virtuality and humanity virtual practice and its evolution from pre-history to the 21st century |
| title_full | Virtuality and humanity virtual practice and its evolution from pre-history to the 21st century Sam N. Lehman-Wilzig |
| title_fullStr | Virtuality and humanity virtual practice and its evolution from pre-history to the 21st century Sam N. Lehman-Wilzig |
| title_full_unstemmed | Virtuality and humanity virtual practice and its evolution from pre-history to the 21st century Sam N. Lehman-Wilzig |
| title_short | Virtuality and humanity |
| title_sort | virtuality and humanity virtual practice and its evolution from pre history to the 21st century |
| title_sub | virtual practice and its evolution from pre-history to the 21st century |
| topic | Virtuelle Realität (DE-588)4399931-1 gnd Kulturpsychologie (DE-588)4033586-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Virtuelle Realität Kulturpsychologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033241341&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lehmanwilzigsamn virtualityandhumanityvirtualpracticeanditsevolutionfromprehistorytothe21stcentury |