Blasfemija genocida: sa posebnim osvrtom na presude o genocidu u Srebrenici
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| adam_text | SADRŽAJ 1. PREDGOVOR........................................................................................ 7 2. UVOD..................................................................................................... 11 3. METODOLOŠKI PRISTUP................................................................ 15 4. GENOCID.............................................................................................. 4.1. Poj am genocida................................................................................ 4.2. Istorijai nastanka.................................................... 19 19 23 5. ASPEKTI SPORENJA I PREBACIVANJA ZA UČINJENI GENOCID................................................................... 29 5.1. Tvrdnje о postojanju ili osporavanju genocida pre njegove pojave u međunarodnom i nacionalnom pravu............................................................................... 30 5.2. Tvrdnje о postojanju ili osporavanju genocida nakon pojave u međunarodnom ili nacionalnom pravu................................................ 32 5.2.1. Osporavanje ukoliko о konkretnom delu nije doneta presuda nadležnog suda..................................................................... 32 5.2.2. Osporavanje ukoliko je u konkretnom slučaju doneta presuda nadležnog nacionalnog suda.............................................................. 33 5.2.3. Osporavanje ukoliko je u konkretnom slučaju doneta presuda nadležnog međunarodnog suda........................................ 34 6. GENOCID U
SREBRENICI................................................................. 6.1. Presuda Međunarodnog suda pravde............................................. 6.2. Presude Tribunala u Hagu............................................................... 6.2.1. Presude Tribunala u Hagu za Srebrenicu.............. 37 37 42 42 7. DRUGE PRESUDE ZA GENOCID...................................................... 69 8. OSPORAVANJE GENOCIDA KAO POSEBNOG KRIVIČNOG DELA........................................................ 73 8.1. Uopšte.............................................................................................. 8.2. Problem mešovitih ciljeva i namera............................................... 8.3. Vremenske, personalne i druge manifestacije genocidne namere................................................................................... 73 83 8.4. Vreme trajanja Konvencije о genocidu........................................... 89 86
6 Slobodan P. Stojanovič: Blasfemija genocida 9. GENOCID NAD JUGOSLOVENIMA................................................ 91 10. ZAKLJUČNE NAPOMENE................................................................. 95 PRILOZI Prilog 1. Konvencija o genocidu................................................................................. 103 Prilog 2. Izdvojeno suprotno i izdvojeno saglasno mišljenje sudije Prisce Matimba Nyambe............................................................................... 108 Prilog 3. Izdvojeno i delimitino suprotno mišljenje Jean Claude Antonettija.......... 148 LITERATURA............................................................................................... 153 BLASPHEMY OF GENOCIDE.................................................................... 159 BELEŠKA O PISCU....................................................................................... 162
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154 Slobodan P. Stojanovič: Blasfemija genocida Corwin, Ph, /2011/: Foreword to The Srebrenica Massacre - Evidence, Context, Poli tics, ed. E. Herman, Creative Commons Attribution Cryer, H, Friman, H, Robinson, D. /2010/: An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure, Cambridge University Press. Dojčinović, P./2017: Warfrenzy.Exploring the violence ofpropaganda, Princeton Uni versity. Drost, P. /1959/: Genocide, United Nation legislation on unternational criminal law, Leiden. Earl, H. /1997/: Interview with Ferenz 24.4.1977. Fronza, E. /2006/: The Punishment of Negationism: the difficult dialogue between Law and Memory in Vermont Law Review vol.30:609 Gellerman,L,R./2018/ Prosecution mass murderers at Nuremberg Trial: between geno cide and crimes against humanity, Emory university. Halilovič, S 119971: Lukava strategija, Sarajevo. Hararı, Y. /2018/: Lessons for the 21th Century, London. Hayden, R. /2013/: From Yugoslavia to the Western Balkan - studies of European Dis union 1991 -2011, Leiden-Boston. Higgins, W. /2012/: The Nuremberg Legacy in the New Milenia in Genocide Per spectives - Essays on Holocaust and Genocide, ed. C.Tatz, Australian Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. Hobson, J. /2019/: Three theoretical Approaches to Lemkin’s Defnition of Genocide, in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal voi. 13/2019. Ignjatovič, A. /1996/: Genocid u međunarodnom i nacionalnom krivičnom pravu, Beograd. Jokić, A. /2004: Genocidalism, The Journal of Ethics 8, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Jones, A /2020/: Chomsky and Genocide, in
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Literatura 155 Maddox, K./2015/: Liberating Mankind from such an Odious Scourge: The Geno cide Convention and the Continued Failure to Prevent or Halt Genocide in the Twenty-First Century u Genocide Studies and Prevention, An Internatonal Jour nal, Voi 9.1/2015. Magnusson, К. /2013/: Pojam genocida u pravu i nauci: jaz koji se širi, časopis Cri men br. 1/2013. Maiches, В, /2017/: Speaking of Genocide: Double binds and political discourse, in Genocide Studies and Prevention, An International Journal, Voi 11.2/2017. Meier, C. /2001/: Washington College of Law, Human Rights Brief, Voi 9, Issue 1. Mennecke, M. /2012/: The Crime of Genocide and International Law in The Ho locaust and Others Genocides, Amsterdam. Mustafie, L/2013/: Intervju, Slobodna Bosna 20 februara 2013, Sarajevo. Niče, F.:/1979/: О koristi i šteti istorije za život, II izdanje, Grafos, Beograd. Odelio, M., Lubiński, P, eds /2020/: The Concept of Genocide in International Crimi nal Law -Developments after Lemkin, New York. Paust, J, Bassiouni, Ch, Scharf, M, Gurule, J, Sadat, L, Žagaris, В, Williams, Sh. /2000/: International Criminal Law, cases and materials. Pavlovič D. /2019/: Bitka za Srebrenicu - rat za civiizaciju, Banja Luka. Power, S. /2007/: A problem from Hell, America and the age of Genocide, Interview with Benjamin Ferenz, New York. Robinson, G. /2006/: Crimes against Humanity - The struggle for Global Justice, London. Robinson, N./1949/: The Genocide Convention, Its origins and interpretations, New York. Rooper, J./2011: The Numbers Game u The Srebrenica Massacre - Evidence, Context,
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156 Slobodan P. Stojanovič: Blasfemija genocida Siegelberg, M. /2013/: Unofficial Men, Efficient Civil Servants in Raphael Lemkin in the History of International Law, Journal of Genocide Research. Southwack, K. /2005/: Srebrenica as Genocide? The Krstić Decision and the Langua ge of the unspeakable, 8 Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal. Stiller, A. /2019/: The mass murder of the European Jews and the concept of „Geno cide” in the Nuremberg Trials: Reassesing Raphael Lemkins Impact, in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal. Stojanovič, S. /2017/: Državni sudovi - perspektive, Crimen br. 2/2017, Beograd. Stojanovič S. /2005/: Odnos Međunarodnog suda pravde i ad hoc Tribunala u Hagu u kontekstu događaja na teritoriji bivše SFRJ, referat na Kopaoniku, Pravni život br. 12/2005. Stojanovič, S. /2010/: Perspektive i nasleđe Tribunala u Hagu, Pravni život, IV, Beo grad. Stojanovič, S. /2008/: Suđenje Miloševim nije bilo fer, Beograd. Stojanovič, Z. /2008/: Međunarodno krivično pravo, VI izdanje, Beograd. Stromland, A. and Facing History and Ourselves Staff, eds. /2007/: Totally Unofficial: Raphael Lemkin and the Convention of Genocide, Massachussets, Baltimore. Szamuely, G./2011/: The Misuse of Witness Evidence at The Hague u The Srebrenica Massacre - Evidence, Context, Politics, ed. E.Herman, Creating Commons Attri bution. Skulić, M./2020/: Međunarodno krivično pravo, Beograd. Tadič, Lj. /1966/: Politikološki leksikon, Beograd. Verdeja, E. /2019/: Critical Genocide Studies and Mass Atrocity Prevention in Geno cide Studies and Prevention: An
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Literatura 157 Biblija Deklaracija UN o pravima čoveka, 1949. Elementi zločina Međunarodnog krivičnog suda usvojeni na Skupštini država člani ca, 2002. Evropska konvencija о ljudskim pravima, 1950. EU Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA, 28 November 2008. Evropski sud za ljudska prava: slučajevi Perinçek v Switzerland, Drélingas v Lithuania, Vasiliauskas ν Lithuania. Konvencija UN o sprečavanju i kažnjavanju zločina genocida, 1948. Krivični zakonik Bosne i Hercegovine, 2002. Krivični zakonik Republike Srpske, 2005. Krivični zakonik Srbije, 2005. Krivični zakonik SFR Jugoslavije, 1977. Manning D. /2000/: Istraga о Srebrenici - Rezime sudsko-medicinskog dokaznog mate rijala - stratišta i masovne grobnice, dokument MKTJ. Međunarodni pakt о građanskim i političkim pravima, 1977. Međunarodni sud pravde, savetodavno mišljenje u slučaju Primena Konvencije о sp rečavanju i kažnjavanju zločina genocida, 1951. Međunarodni sud pravde, slučaj Nottebohm, 1955. Međunarodni sud pravde, slučaj Bosna i Hercegovina protiv SR Jugoslavije, presuda 2007. Odluka Saveznog ustavnog suda Nemačke od 12 decembra 2000. о socijalnom genocidu. Pravilnik о postupku i dokazima Međunarodnog tribunala za bivšu Jugoslaviju. Povelja Ujedinjenih nacija. Rezolucija UN о zločinu genocida, 1946. Rimski statut - Statut Međunarodnog krivičnog suda. Salem Trials 1692-1693. Slučajevi pred Međunarodnim tribunalom za bivšu Jugoslaviju: Stakić, Jelisić, Krstić, R. Delič, Obrenovič, Blagojević, Orić, Kvočka et al, Popovič et al, Erdemović, Delalić et al, Miloševič, Karadžič, Mladić, Krajišnik, Plavšić, Brđanin i
Talić, Župljanin, Tolimir. Slučajevi pred Međunarodnim tribunalom za Ruandu: Akayesu /predmet ICTR-964), Kambanda (predmet ICTR-97-23S), Serushago, Musema, Rutaganda, Renzaho, Ndindabahizi, Niyitegeka. Slučaj Ajhman, Jerusalim, 1962. Statut Međunarodnog suda pravde. Statut Međunarodnog tribunala za bivšu Jugoslaviju. Suđenja B.Heraku, S.Damjanoviću i M.Trbiću pred sudovima u BiH. Suđenja u slučajevima Jorgić, Džajić, Kušljić, Sokolović i Cvjetković pred sudovima Nemačke i Austrije. Suđenje N. Čaušeskuu u Rumuniji, 1989. Suđenje pukovniku Mengistuu u Etiopiji, presuda od 2007. Suđenje u Ekvatorijalnoj Gvineji, 1979. United States Code, Chapter 50A, Section A7,1091 Genocide.
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Slobodan Stojanovič, PhD BLASPHEMY OF GENOCIDE - With particular retrospection of genocide judgements related to Srebrenica ֊ Summary The reason for this work is the increasing debate on issues of genocide, first of all in our region and then in the world. Unfortunately, those discu ssions are almost always among perfectly incompetent people. As a rule, use and misuse of the term genocide could be found among politicians and qua si-politicians, but among laymen in general as well. Moreover, lawyers who are not actively engaged in this narrowly specialized issue are not far from that. And, just as the deficiencies of the geocentric system were resolved by burning people, similarly sometimes it seems today with regard to the defi nition of genocide. For many people the term genocide is sacrosanct with no possibility for any change. That is why the most adequate term for our topic in this book is the blasphemy of genocide. What more, blasphemy as the crime against the God or other deity almost vanished whilst blasphemy of genocide is appearing as a crime so it could be compared. However, the issue of genocide is a purely legal construction that finally arose not before 1948. More precisely it aroused not before the beginning of 1951 when the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was ratified by the certain number of the states. That me ans that primarily legal definition of genocide is in question and the establis hed facts stay for the history. Exceptionally, the facts were touched only in the context of the legal definition of genocide
critic. Massive crimes throughout history often contained some elements of genocide that are occasionally not considered as a crime even, but serious lawyer may talk about genocide only after 1948. And this only under the con dition that, in an otherwise extremely complex legal proceedings that must be fair, by establishing of material elements of genocide, and even more mental elements that relate to genocidai intent that is imbued with motives, these two basic elements are brought into cause and effect. However, while serious legal analyst have made extensive criticisms of this legally hardly sustainable construction since its adoption and during the procedure of adoption of the Genocide Convention, mass criticism with the suggestion of the unsustainability of such concept of this latest crime co mes only with the establishing of the international Tribunals for the former
160 Slobodan P. Stojanovič: Blasfemija genocida Yugoslavia and for Rwanda who had a large number of indictments before them, as well as contactions for genocide. Unfortunately those who oppose the critics of genocide are even louder and dangerous even. The paper discusses the possibilities of expressing these criticisms at va rious moments. Those moments are before establishment of this crime, and right after that in terms of regulation and practice in trials about genocide. At the end there is estimation of sustainability of the whole construction embodied in Convention on Genocide from 1948. It is really paradoxical that Genocide Convention to the very palpable extent is the obstacle to administration of the justice to the most heinous cri mes. From the many points of views it helps the accused for mass murders and prolongs trials of such people. In the very clear and proved cases of mass murders where only conviction and sentence were left, trial for genocide just begins. Major problem is not murders and culpability but notion of the various groups in the objective and/or subjective considerations in countless disputable variations, predominantly outside legal point of view. It is, even more with as certaining the genocide intent as some kind of „meta” mens rea through also the most controversial and disputable so called „circumstantial evidence.” But genocidai intent as such is not punishable; it could only be involved in obligations of the states to prevent genocide. In fact, there are obstacles to convict the most obvious crimes due to a lot of additional essential
elements of the crime that are undefined, murky, controversial, fluid, different in time and scope, unreachable and in any case outside legal issues. The better solution is just clear and easy reachable essen tial elements of the crime, at the first place mass murders, the rest is matter of meting out a sentence. Various facts in connection to genocide could be seen as facts that are pointing at harsher sentence as the aggravating factors. At the most, such considerations lead to the very firm conclusion that almost each war and war crime is genocide. All of the four protected groups were protected by the Genocide Convention, no matter how evil they are. It seems that even ISIS is protected group by the Convention. All of the other groups in the various societies are not protected which obviously tends to specific discrimination. It only remains to the dominus litis of the trials to choose what is to be charged and tried and what is not to be tried. The defects of such definition of genocide are reflected in defective trials and judgements. In this book the Srebrenica case is particularly stressed as the example with the relative abundance of arguments. On the other side, there is the only one group protected by the Genocide Convention that was almost totally destroyed during the war in the former Yugoslavia near the end of the previous century. And nobody even noticed that, including Tribunal in The Hague after decades of the work. That group is Yugoslavs who were not only national group but also the group with expre ssed ethnical and mentality roots.
Summary 161 As many scholars cited in the book said, the each word of the Conventi on is disputable and has its own question marks. Finally, one of the most disturbing facts is ascription of genocide to the whole nations labeling them as genocidai nation and its organizational forms, including states, as genocidai stuff. The results of applying of Genocide Con vention in the territory of the former Yugoslavia are the least individual criminal responsibility what should be, and much more collective respon sibility of the nations and the states as insurmountable obstacle to peaceful coexistence. Such responsibility should be left in the middle Ages. But, in the specific case of Srebrenica it seems to no avail. Many of the egregious flaws of the Genocide Convention are still unno ticed. With this work we tried to point at some.
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SADRŽAJ 1. PREDGOVOR. 7 2. UVOD. 11 3. METODOLOŠKI PRISTUP. 15 4. GENOCID. 4.1. Poj am genocida. 4.2. Istorijai nastanka. 19 19 23 5. ASPEKTI SPORENJA I PREBACIVANJA ZA UČINJENI GENOCID. 29 5.1. Tvrdnje о postojanju ili osporavanju genocida pre njegove pojave u međunarodnom i nacionalnom pravu. 30 5.2. Tvrdnje о postojanju ili osporavanju genocida nakon pojave u međunarodnom ili nacionalnom pravu. 32 5.2.1. Osporavanje ukoliko о konkretnom delu nije doneta presuda nadležnog suda. 32 5.2.2. Osporavanje ukoliko je u konkretnom slučaju doneta presuda nadležnog nacionalnog suda. 33 5.2.3. Osporavanje ukoliko je u konkretnom slučaju doneta presuda nadležnog međunarodnog suda. 34 6. GENOCID U
SREBRENICI. 6.1. Presuda Međunarodnog suda pravde. 6.2. Presude Tribunala u Hagu. 6.2.1. Presude Tribunala u Hagu za Srebrenicu. 37 37 42 42 7. DRUGE PRESUDE ZA GENOCID. 69 8. OSPORAVANJE GENOCIDA KAO POSEBNOG KRIVIČNOG DELA. 73 8.1. Uopšte. 8.2. Problem mešovitih ciljeva i namera. 8.3. Vremenske, personalne i druge manifestacije genocidne namere. 73 83 8.4. Vreme trajanja Konvencije о genocidu. 89 86
6 Slobodan P. Stojanovič: Blasfemija genocida 9. GENOCID NAD JUGOSLOVENIMA. 91 10. ZAKLJUČNE NAPOMENE. 95 PRILOZI Prilog 1. Konvencija o genocidu. 103 Prilog 2. Izdvojeno suprotno i izdvojeno saglasno mišljenje sudije Prisce Matimba Nyambe. 108 Prilog 3. Izdvojeno i delimitino suprotno mišljenje Jean Claude Antonettija. 148 LITERATURA. 153 BLASPHEMY OF GENOCIDE. 159 BELEŠKA O PISCU. 162
LITERATURA Ambos, К. /2002/: Sellected issues Regarding the „Core Crimes” in International Crminlal Law, International Criminal law: Quo vadis?, Siracusa, Italy. Ambos, К. /2009/: What does „intent to destroy” in genocide mean? in International Review of Red Cross, Voi 91 number 876/2009. Artucio, A. /1979/: The Trial ofMacias in Equatorial Guinea: the Story of Dictatorship, Geneva. Aschworth, A. 119991: Principles of Criminal Law, Oxford University Press. Avramov, S. /1992/: Genocid и Jugoslaviji и svetlosti međunarodnog prava, Beograd. Babic, M. /2011/: Međunarodno krivično pravo, Banja Luka. Bachman, ƒ. /2013/: The Genocide Convention and the Politics ofgenocide non-preven tion, Northwestern University, Boston, 2013. Bachman, J. /2020/: Cases Studied in Genocide Studies and Prevenbtion and Journal of Genocide Research and Implications for the Field of Genocide Studies in Ge nocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Vol.14.1/2020. Bantekas, I, Nash, S. /2003/: International Criminal Law, London-Sydney-Portland. Başak, E. /2019/: Law ofDenial, published on line 23 January 2019, Springer Nature B.V Bassiouni, Ch. /2004/: International Criminal Justice in the Age of Globalization in: International Criminal Law: Quo Vadis? Siracusa, Italy. Bettwy, D. /2011/: The Genocide Convention and Unprotected Groups: Is the Scope of Protection Expanding under Customary internatonal Law? Notre Dame Jour nal of International and Comparative Law, ѴЫ.2, Issue 1, Indiana. Bienczyk-Missaca, A./2020/: Raphael Lemkin’s legacy in International law in The Concept of Genocide in
International Criminal Law - Developments after Lemkin, M.Odello, P.Lubinski, eds, New York. Black’s Law Dictionary, eight edition /2004/. Thomson ֊ West, USA. Blagojević, M. /2017/: Pravosudna neistina, Banja Luka. Boot, M. /2002/: Genocide, Crimes Against Humanity, War Crimes: Nullum Crimen sine Lege and the Subject Matter Jurisdiction of International Criminal Law, Antwerpen-Oxford-New York. Boyle, F. 119961: Genocide, proceedings at International Court of Justice concerning Bosnia v Serbia on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide, Ma ssachussets. Cane, P, Conaghan.E.,editors /2008/ The New Oxford Companion of Law, Oxford University Press. Cassese, A. /2003/: International Criminal Law, Oxford University Press. Charny, I. /1991/: Genocide, a critical bibliographic review, New York-London. Chomsky, N./2010/: Foreword to the Politics of Genocide by E. Herman, and D. Peter son, New York. Ciric, J: /2015/: Genocidna namera, Crimen br. 1/2015, Beograd
154 Slobodan P. Stojanovič: Blasfemija genocida Corwin, Ph, /2011/: Foreword to The Srebrenica Massacre - Evidence, Context, Poli tics, ed. E. Herman, Creative Commons Attribution Cryer, H, Friman, H, Robinson, D. /2010/: An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure, Cambridge University Press. Dojčinović, P./2017: Warfrenzy.Exploring the violence ofpropaganda, Princeton Uni versity. Drost, P. /1959/: Genocide, United Nation legislation on unternational criminal law, Leiden. Earl, H. /1997/: Interview with Ferenz 24.4.1977. Fronza, E. /2006/: The Punishment of Negationism: the difficult dialogue between Law and Memory in Vermont Law Review vol.30:609 Gellerman,L,R./2018/ Prosecution mass murderers at Nuremberg Trial: between geno cide and crimes against humanity, Emory university. Halilovič, S 119971: Lukava strategija, Sarajevo. Hararı, Y. /2018/: Lessons for the 21th Century, London. Hayden, R. /2013/: From Yugoslavia to the Western Balkan - studies of European Dis union 1991 -2011, Leiden-Boston. Higgins, W. /2012/: The Nuremberg Legacy in the New Milenia in Genocide Per spectives - Essays on Holocaust and Genocide, ed. C.Tatz, Australian Institute for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. Hobson, J. /2019/: Three theoretical Approaches to Lemkin’s Defnition of Genocide, in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal voi. 13/2019. Ignjatovič, A. /1996/: Genocid u međunarodnom i nacionalnom krivičnom pravu, Beograd. Jokić, A. /2004: Genocidalism, The Journal of Ethics 8, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Jones, A /2020/: Chomsky and Genocide, in
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An In ternational Journal, voi. 14/2020. Karazsia, Z./2018/: An Unfulfilled Promise: The Genocide and the Obligation of Pre vention, Journal of Strategic Security Vol 11/4/, Berkley Electronic Press. Karganović, S./2019/: Haski Tribunal і Srebrenica u Haški Tribunal, Srebrenica i po bačaj pravde (četiri eseja), Unwritten History, Chicago. Kelzen, H. /1951/: Opšta teorija prava i države, Beograd. Kittichaisaree, K. /2001/: International Criminal Law, Oxford University Press. Klajn, L. /1991/: Genocid i kazna (1941-1945), Novi Sad. Kreča, M. /2013/: Genocidna namera kao conditio sina qua non zločina genocida par napomena о pristupu Međunarodnog suda pravde u sporu BiH i Srbije oko primene Konvencije о genocidu, Udruženje za međunarodno krivično pravo, zbir ka referata, Tara. Luterstain, N. /2017/: Judicial Interpretation of the Convention for Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; What Rules apply when determining State and Individual Responsibility, Groningen Journal of International Law, ѴЫ 5(2). Lawyers Comittee for Human Rights /1997/: Prosecuting Genocide in Rwanda - The ICTR and National Trials, NY, Washington. Lemkin, R. /1944/: Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, laws of Occupation: Analysis of Go vernment: Proposakfor Redress, Washington. Lingaas, C. /2020/: Conceptualization the National Group for the Crime of Genocide: is Law Able to Account for Identity Fault Lines? Nationalities Papers.
Literatura 155 Maddox, K./2015/: Liberating Mankind from such an Odious Scourge: The Geno cide Convention and the Continued Failure to Prevent or Halt Genocide in the Twenty-First Century u Genocide Studies and Prevention, An Internatonal Jour nal, Voi 9.1/2015. Magnusson, К. /2013/: Pojam genocida u pravu i nauci: jaz koji se širi, časopis Cri men br. 1/2013. Maiches, В, /2017/: Speaking of Genocide: Double binds and political discourse, in Genocide Studies and Prevention, An International Journal, Voi 11.2/2017. Meier, C. /2001/: Washington College of Law, Human Rights Brief, Voi 9, Issue 1. Mennecke, M. /2012/: The Crime of Genocide and International Law in The Ho locaust and Others Genocides, Amsterdam. Mustafie, L/2013/: Intervju, Slobodna Bosna 20 februara 2013, Sarajevo. Niče, F.:/1979/: О koristi i šteti istorije za život, II izdanje, Grafos, Beograd. Odelio, M., Lubiński, P, eds /2020/: The Concept of Genocide in International Crimi nal Law -Developments after Lemkin, New York. Paust, J, Bassiouni, Ch, Scharf, M, Gurule, J, Sadat, L, Žagaris, В, Williams, Sh. /2000/: International Criminal Law, cases and materials. Pavlovič D. /2019/: Bitka za Srebrenicu - rat za civiizaciju, Banja Luka. Power, S. /2007/: A problem from Hell, America and the age of Genocide, Interview with Benjamin Ferenz, New York. Robinson, G. /2006/: Crimes against Humanity - The struggle for Global Justice, London. Robinson, N./1949/: The Genocide Convention, Its origins and interpretations, New York. Rooper, J./2011: The Numbers Game u The Srebrenica Massacre - Evidence, Context,
Politics, E. Herman, ed, Creatting Commons Attribution. Rosenthal, A.M. /1988/: On my Mind: A man called Lemkin, The New York Times. Sandoz, I, Swinarski, Ch, Zimmerman, B, editors /1987/: Commentary on the Additi onal Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, Inter national Comitee of Red Cross, Geneva. Sands, Ph. /2017/: East West Street On the Origins of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity, London. Sassoli, M, Bouvier, A: /1999/: How does Law Protect in War, International Comitee of the Red Cross, Geneva. Shaw, M. /2017/: International Law, Eight Edition, Cambridge University Press. Schauwcker, L, /2018/: „You Could See Rage”: Visual testimony in Post-Genocide Gu atemala, u Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal, Issue 12.2. Schabas, W. /2002/: Genocide in International Law, Oxford University Press. Schabas, W. /2006/: Genocide, Crimes against Humanity and Darfur, the Commision inquiry’s Findings on Genocide, 27 Cardozo law review. Schabas, W. /2002/: Was genocide commited in Bosnia and Herzegovina? First Judgments of The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Fordham International Law Journal. Schabas, W. /2004/: An Introduction to International Criminal Court, Cambridge Uni versity Press. Schwartzenberger, G. /1951/: Power Politics: A Study of International Society. Sheck, R. /2019/: Raphael Lemkins Derivation of Genocide from his Analyses of NaziOccupied Europe in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal.
156 Slobodan P. Stojanovič: Blasfemija genocida Siegelberg, M. /2013/: Unofficial Men, Efficient Civil Servants in Raphael Lemkin in the History of International Law, Journal of Genocide Research. Southwack, K. /2005/: Srebrenica as Genocide? The Krstić Decision and the Langua ge of the unspeakable, 8 Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal. Stiller, A. /2019/: The mass murder of the European Jews and the concept of „Geno cide” in the Nuremberg Trials: Reassesing Raphael Lemkins Impact, in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal. Stojanovič, S. /2017/: Državni sudovi - perspektive, Crimen br. 2/2017, Beograd. Stojanovič S. /2005/: Odnos Međunarodnog suda pravde i ad hoc Tribunala u Hagu u kontekstu događaja na teritoriji bivše SFRJ, referat na Kopaoniku, Pravni život br. 12/2005. Stojanovič, S. /2010/: Perspektive i nasleđe Tribunala u Hagu, Pravni život, IV, Beo grad. Stojanovič, S. /2008/: Suđenje Miloševim nije bilo fer, Beograd. Stojanovič, Z. /2008/: Međunarodno krivično pravo, VI izdanje, Beograd. Stromland, A. and Facing History and Ourselves Staff, eds. /2007/: Totally Unofficial: Raphael Lemkin and the Convention of Genocide, Massachussets, Baltimore. Szamuely, G./2011/: The Misuse of Witness Evidence at The Hague u The Srebrenica Massacre - Evidence, Context, Politics, ed. E.Herman, Creating Commons Attri bution. Skulić, M./2020/: Međunarodno krivično pravo, Beograd. Tadič, Lj. /1966/: Politikološki leksikon, Beograd. Verdeja, E. /2019/: Critical Genocide Studies and Mass Atrocity Prevention in Geno cide Studies and Prevention: An
International Journal. Wald, P. /2007/: Genocide and Crime Against Humanity, in Washington univerisity global studies, Law review. Wald, P. /2002/: Note From the Field: Dealing with Witnesses in War Crime Trials, Lessons from the Yugoslav Tribunal, Yale Human Rights and Development Law, 5Yale. Weiss-Wendt, A. /2019/: When the End Justified the means: Raphael Lemkin and the Shaping of a Popular Discourse of Genocide in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal. Whigham, K. /2017/: Remembering to Prevent: The Preventive Capacity of Public Memory in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal voi 11.2. Zahar, A, Sluiter, G. /2008/: International Criminal Law, Oxford University Press. Zečevič, M. /2001/: Zbirka dokumenata sa suđenja Ravnogorskom pokretu 10.06.1946 -15.07.1946, Beograd. Džons, Dž, Pauls, S. /2005/: Međunarodna krivična praksa, Beograd. OSTALI IZVORI Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro, pred Međunarodnim sudom pravde, Međunarodni sud pravde, 1993.
Literatura 157 Biblija Deklaracija UN o pravima čoveka, 1949. Elementi zločina Međunarodnog krivičnog suda usvojeni na Skupštini država člani ca, 2002. Evropska konvencija о ljudskim pravima, 1950. EU Council Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA, 28 November 2008. Evropski sud za ljudska prava: slučajevi Perinçek v Switzerland, Drélingas v Lithuania, Vasiliauskas ν Lithuania. Konvencija UN o sprečavanju i kažnjavanju zločina genocida, 1948. Krivični zakonik Bosne i Hercegovine, 2002. Krivični zakonik Republike Srpske, 2005. Krivični zakonik Srbije, 2005. Krivični zakonik SFR Jugoslavije, 1977. Manning D. /2000/: Istraga о Srebrenici - Rezime sudsko-medicinskog dokaznog mate rijala - stratišta i masovne grobnice, dokument MKTJ. Međunarodni pakt о građanskim i političkim pravima, 1977. Međunarodni sud pravde, savetodavno mišljenje u slučaju Primena Konvencije о sp rečavanju i kažnjavanju zločina genocida, 1951. Međunarodni sud pravde, slučaj Nottebohm, 1955. Međunarodni sud pravde, slučaj Bosna i Hercegovina protiv SR Jugoslavije, presuda 2007. Odluka Saveznog ustavnog suda Nemačke od 12 decembra 2000. о socijalnom genocidu. Pravilnik о postupku i dokazima Međunarodnog tribunala za bivšu Jugoslaviju. Povelja Ujedinjenih nacija. Rezolucija UN о zločinu genocida, 1946. Rimski statut - Statut Međunarodnog krivičnog suda. Salem Trials 1692-1693. Slučajevi pred Međunarodnim tribunalom za bivšu Jugoslaviju: Stakić, Jelisić, Krstić, R. Delič, Obrenovič, Blagojević, Orić, Kvočka et al, Popovič et al, Erdemović, Delalić et al, Miloševič, Karadžič, Mladić, Krajišnik, Plavšić, Brđanin i
Talić, Župljanin, Tolimir. Slučajevi pred Međunarodnim tribunalom za Ruandu: Akayesu /predmet ICTR-964), Kambanda (predmet ICTR-97-23S), Serushago, Musema, Rutaganda, Renzaho, Ndindabahizi, Niyitegeka. Slučaj Ajhman, Jerusalim, 1962. Statut Međunarodnog suda pravde. Statut Međunarodnog tribunala za bivšu Jugoslaviju. Suđenja B.Heraku, S.Damjanoviću i M.Trbiću pred sudovima u BiH. Suđenja u slučajevima Jorgić, Džajić, Kušljić, Sokolović i Cvjetković pred sudovima Nemačke i Austrije. Suđenje N. Čaušeskuu u Rumuniji, 1989. Suđenje pukovniku Mengistuu u Etiopiji, presuda od 2007. Suđenje u Ekvatorijalnoj Gvineji, 1979. United States Code, Chapter 50A, Section A7,1091 Genocide.
158 Slobodan P. Stojanovič: Blasfemija genocida Ustav SAD iz 1789. Vojni tribunal u Nirnbergu,1946: Statut, optužnica, presuda glavnim zločincima. Vojni tribunal u Nirnbergu, slučaj United States v Ohlendorfer et al.(Einsatzgrupen). Vojni tribunal u Nirnbergu, slučaj United States v Altstoetter et al (Justice case).
Slobodan Stojanovič, PhD BLASPHEMY OF GENOCIDE - With particular retrospection of genocide judgements related to Srebrenica ֊ Summary The reason for this work is the increasing debate on issues of genocide, first of all in our region and then in the world. Unfortunately, those discu ssions are almost always among perfectly incompetent people. As a rule, use and misuse of the term genocide could be found among politicians and qua si-politicians, but among laymen in general as well. Moreover, lawyers who are not actively engaged in this narrowly specialized issue are not far from that. And, just as the deficiencies of the geocentric system were resolved by burning people, similarly sometimes it seems today with regard to the defi nition of genocide. For many people the term genocide is sacrosanct with no possibility for any change. That is why the most adequate term for our topic in this book is the blasphemy of genocide. What more, blasphemy as the crime against the God or other deity almost vanished whilst blasphemy of genocide is appearing as a crime so it could be compared. However, the issue of genocide is a purely legal construction that finally arose not before 1948. More precisely it aroused not before the beginning of 1951 when the UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was ratified by the certain number of the states. That me ans that primarily legal definition of genocide is in question and the establis hed facts stay for the history. Exceptionally, the facts were touched only in the context of the legal definition of genocide
critic. Massive crimes throughout history often contained some elements of genocide that are occasionally not considered as a crime even, but serious lawyer may talk about genocide only after 1948. And this only under the con dition that, in an otherwise extremely complex legal proceedings that must be fair, by establishing of material elements of genocide, and even more mental elements that relate to genocidai intent that is imbued with motives, these two basic elements are brought into cause and effect. However, while serious legal analyst have made extensive criticisms of this legally hardly sustainable construction since its adoption and during the procedure of adoption of the Genocide Convention, mass criticism with the suggestion of the unsustainability of such concept of this latest crime co mes only with the establishing of the international Tribunals for the former
160 Slobodan P. Stojanovič: Blasfemija genocida Yugoslavia and for Rwanda who had a large number of indictments before them, as well as contactions for genocide. Unfortunately those who oppose the critics of genocide are even louder and dangerous even. The paper discusses the possibilities of expressing these criticisms at va rious moments. Those moments are before establishment of this crime, and right after that in terms of regulation and practice in trials about genocide. At the end there is estimation of sustainability of the whole construction embodied in Convention on Genocide from 1948. It is really paradoxical that Genocide Convention to the very palpable extent is the obstacle to administration of the justice to the most heinous cri mes. From the many points of views it helps the accused for mass murders and prolongs trials of such people. In the very clear and proved cases of mass murders where only conviction and sentence were left, trial for genocide just begins. Major problem is not murders and culpability but notion of the various groups in the objective and/or subjective considerations in countless disputable variations, predominantly outside legal point of view. It is, even more with as certaining the genocide intent as some kind of „meta” mens rea through also the most controversial and disputable so called „circumstantial evidence.” But genocidai intent as such is not punishable; it could only be involved in obligations of the states to prevent genocide. In fact, there are obstacles to convict the most obvious crimes due to a lot of additional essential
elements of the crime that are undefined, murky, controversial, fluid, different in time and scope, unreachable and in any case outside legal issues. The better solution is just clear and easy reachable essen tial elements of the crime, at the first place mass murders, the rest is matter of meting out a sentence. Various facts in connection to genocide could be seen as facts that are pointing at harsher sentence as the aggravating factors. At the most, such considerations lead to the very firm conclusion that almost each war and war crime is genocide. All of the four protected groups were protected by the Genocide Convention, no matter how evil they are. It seems that even ISIS is protected group by the Convention. All of the other groups in the various societies are not protected which obviously tends to specific discrimination. It only remains to the dominus litis of the trials to choose what is to be charged and tried and what is not to be tried. The defects of such definition of genocide are reflected in defective trials and judgements. In this book the Srebrenica case is particularly stressed as the example with the relative abundance of arguments. On the other side, there is the only one group protected by the Genocide Convention that was almost totally destroyed during the war in the former Yugoslavia near the end of the previous century. And nobody even noticed that, including Tribunal in The Hague after decades of the work. That group is Yugoslavs who were not only national group but also the group with expre ssed ethnical and mentality roots.
Summary 161 As many scholars cited in the book said, the each word of the Conventi on is disputable and has its own question marks. Finally, one of the most disturbing facts is ascription of genocide to the whole nations labeling them as genocidai nation and its organizational forms, including states, as genocidai stuff. The results of applying of Genocide Con vention in the territory of the former Yugoslavia are the least individual criminal responsibility what should be, and much more collective respon sibility of the nations and the states as insurmountable obstacle to peaceful coexistence. Such responsibility should be left in the middle Ages. But, in the specific case of Srebrenica it seems to no avail. Many of the egregious flaws of the Genocide Convention are still unno ticed. With this work we tried to point at some. |
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| id | DE-604.BV047842368 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T19:12:27Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:22:51Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788660473716 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033225399 |
| oclc_num | 1298743110 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 161 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220217 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Dosije studio |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Stojanović, Slobodan P., 1950- Verfasser aut Blasfemija genocida sa posebnim osvrtom na presude o genocidu u Srebrenici Slobodan P. Stojanović Blasphemy of genocide Beograd Dosije studio 2021. 161 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Tiraž 300. - Literaturverzeichnis Seite 153-158 Englische Zusammenfassung: Blasphemy of genocide Kriegsverbrechen (DE-588)4033151-9 gnd rswk-swf Völkermord (DE-588)4063690-2 gnd rswk-swf Massaker von Srebrenica (DE-588)4462420-7 gnd rswk-swf Gotteslästerung (DE-588)4157953-7 gnd rswk-swf Massaker von Srebrenica (DE-588)4462420-7 s Völkermord (DE-588)4063690-2 s Kriegsverbrechen (DE-588)4033151-9 s Gotteslästerung (DE-588)4157953-7 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033225399&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033225399&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033225399&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Stojanović, Slobodan P., 1950- Blasfemija genocida sa posebnim osvrtom na presude o genocidu u Srebrenici Kriegsverbrechen (DE-588)4033151-9 gnd Völkermord (DE-588)4063690-2 gnd Massaker von Srebrenica (DE-588)4462420-7 gnd Gotteslästerung (DE-588)4157953-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4033151-9 (DE-588)4063690-2 (DE-588)4462420-7 (DE-588)4157953-7 |
| title | Blasfemija genocida sa posebnim osvrtom na presude o genocidu u Srebrenici |
| title_alt | Blasphemy of genocide |
| title_auth | Blasfemija genocida sa posebnim osvrtom na presude o genocidu u Srebrenici |
| title_exact_search | Blasfemija genocida sa posebnim osvrtom na presude o genocidu u Srebrenici |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Blasfemija genocida sa posebnim osvrtom na presude o genocidu u Srebrenici |
| title_full | Blasfemija genocida sa posebnim osvrtom na presude o genocidu u Srebrenici Slobodan P. Stojanović |
| title_fullStr | Blasfemija genocida sa posebnim osvrtom na presude o genocidu u Srebrenici Slobodan P. Stojanović |
| title_full_unstemmed | Blasfemija genocida sa posebnim osvrtom na presude o genocidu u Srebrenici Slobodan P. Stojanović |
| title_short | Blasfemija genocida |
| title_sort | blasfemija genocida sa posebnim osvrtom na presude o genocidu u srebrenici |
| title_sub | sa posebnim osvrtom na presude o genocidu u Srebrenici |
| topic | Kriegsverbrechen (DE-588)4033151-9 gnd Völkermord (DE-588)4063690-2 gnd Massaker von Srebrenica (DE-588)4462420-7 gnd Gotteslästerung (DE-588)4157953-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kriegsverbrechen Völkermord Massaker von Srebrenica Gotteslästerung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033225399&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033225399&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033225399&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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