An urban future for Sápmi?: indigenous urbanization in the Nordic states and Russia
"Presenting the political and cultural processes that occur within the indigenous Sámi people of North Europe as they undergo urbanization, this book examines how they have retained their sense of history and culture in this new setting. The book presents data and analysis on subjects such as i...
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| Sprache: | English |
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New York ; Oxford
Berghahn
2022
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| Schriftenreihe: | Studies in the Circumpolar North
Volume 4 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Presenting the political and cultural processes that occur within the indigenous Sámi people of North Europe as they undergo urbanization, this book examines how they have retained their sense of history and culture in this new setting. The book presents data and analysis on subjects such as indigenous urbanization history, urban indigenous identity issues, urban indigenous youth, and the governance of urban "spaces" for indigenous culture and community. The book is written by a team of researchers, mostly Sámi, from all the countries covered in the book"-- |
| Beschreibung: | "Written as part of the research project NUORGÁV--An Urban Future for Sápmi"--Preface |
| Beschreibung: | xvi, 281 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781800732643 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Indigenousness and Urbanization / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold -- The Sámi and Sápmi: The People and the Land / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie and Anna Andersen -- Cities in Sápmi, Sámi in the Cities: Indigenous Urbanization in the Nordic Countries and Russia / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie and Anna Andersen -- Young City Sámi in Norway and Sweden: Making Space for Urban Indigenous Identities / Astri Dankertsen -- Urban Indigenous Organizing and Institution-Building in Norway and Russia: By and For Whom? / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Anna Andersen, and Astri Dankertsen -- Sámi Urbanization in the Global Currents of Indigenous Urbanization / Chris Andersen -- An Urban Future for Sápmi? / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "Presenting the political and cultural processes that occur within the indigenous Sámi people of North Europe as they undergo urbanization, this book examines how they have retained their sense of history and culture in this new setting. The book presents data and analysis on subjects such as indigenous urbanization history, urban indigenous identity issues, urban indigenous youth, and the governance of urban "spaces" for indigenous culture and community. The book is written by a team of researchers, mostly Sámi, from all the countries covered in the book"-- | |
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| adam_text | Contents ճետ W List of Illustrations vii Preface xii Astri Dankertsen Introduction. Indigenousness and Urbanization Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold 1 Chapter 1. The Sámi and Sápmi: The People and the Land Mikkel Berg-Nordlie and Anna Andersen 30 Chapter 2. Cities in Sápmi, Sámi in the Cities: Indigenous Urbanization in the Nordic Countries and Russia Mikkel Berg-Nordlie and Anna Andersen 54 Chapter 3. Young City Sámi in Norway and Sweden: Making Space for Urban Indigenous Identities Astri Dankertsen 107 Chapter 4. Urban Indigenous Organizing and Institution-Building in Norway and Russia: By and For Whom? Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Anna Andersen, and Astri Dankertsen 147 Chapter 5. Sámi Urbanization in the Global Currents of Indigenous Urbanization Chris Andersen 219
vi I Contents Conclusion. An Urban Future for Sápmi? Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold 245 Appendix A. Toponyms in Sámi Languages and Other Languages 260 Appendix B. Cyrillic-Latin Transliteration System 264 Index 267
Index ¿a 1жг 6 February. See Sámi: National Day A Aanaar, 40-1, 56, 73, 261. See also Inari Aanar, 40-1, 56, 73, 261. See also Inari Åäqel-Saemiej Gïelh (ÅSG), 168,183 Aarsæther, Nils, 76 activism, 114, 227 Afanasijeva, Nina, 190 Africa, 228 Áhkanjárga, 62, 65, 75,152, 262. See also Narvik Åhrén, Christina, xiv, 6-7, 21, 40, 105,109,176 Akkala Sámi, 40-2,142,189, 260 Ákšovuotna, 138,143, 262. See also Øksfjord Albuquerque, 239 Aleksandrovsk, 84 Alta, be, 36-7, 42, 62, 67, 75-6, 79-80, 91, 93,107,119,120-22, 124.134.137-39,143,151,152, 160-67, 171,174,176-78,198, 260. See also Alta Alta, be, 36-7, 42, 62, 67, 75-6, 79, 80, 91,93, 107, 119-22, 124, 134.137- 39,143,151-52, 160-67, 171,174, 176-78,198, 260. See also Alta Alta Battallion, 75 Alta Dam Conflict (1968-82), 36-7, 160-62,164 Alttá Sámi Searvi. See NSR: Alta chapter Süda, 137,177,198. See also Alta; Alta; Samt Language Center: in Alta Älvdalen, 47 Alymov, Vasilij, 61, 87,189 Amalgamation, the, 88,189. See also collectivization, forced America, 34 Central, 4 Latin, 222, 228 North, 4, 78, 219 South, 4, 237 American Anglo-American, 24 Canadian-American, ix, 134 Indian Centers, 236 Indigenous, ix, 4,134 Native American, 22, 238 Anár, 40-41, 56, 73, 261. See also Inari Andersen, Anna, 208, 227 Andersen, Chris, 111 Andreassen, Christian, 158 anti-Sámism, 10,149,151-53,174, 180, 251. See also assmilation; Norwegianization policy; racism
268 I Index Apatity-Kirovsk, 42, 86,189,193-94, 203 Arctic, the, 1, 86, 228 Circle, 248 Council, 39 Indigenous Center, 179 University of Norway, 21-2, 46, 65-7, 92,138, 166, 205, 258 Arkhangelsk, 84 Ársjogk, 86, 263. See also Varzino Asia, 1, 4,152, 228 assimilation, ix, 4, 8, 34-6, 45, 57-8, 61, 74-5, 85, 88, 108, 110-12, 117-19, 123,135,160,161, 174,176, 206, 250, 252. See also anti-Sámism; discrimination; Norwegianization policy; racism AKS, 90,190-95, 198, 200-2, 204 Aubert, Vilhelm, 57-8, 78, 94 Australia, 1, 3, 24, 234, 237, 239 chapter 5 Australian Aboriginal, 4, 9, 234, 236 authenticity, 11,13,108,111-12, 118, 141,147, 219-20, 231-33, 235, 252 autonomy, 43, 87,188, 193, 196 Ávjovárri, 79, 250, 260 Noereh, 171 Aweel, 73, 260. See also Awil; Â’wel; Ivalo Â’wel, 73, 260. See also Awel; Awil; Ivalo Awil, 73, 260. See also Aweel; Â’wel; Ivalo Axelsson, Per, 5 Aymara, 233 В Bådåddjo, 42, 65, 76, 79, 91, 93, 107, 125,126, 134-35,139-41, 162-63,167,168,174,181, 260. See also Bodø; Buwda Bájddár, 140,182, 260. See also Beiarn Barents Euro-Arctic Cooperation, 22, 39 Beiam, 140,182, 260. See also Bájddár Bergen, 63,114,160,170, 207, 260. See also Birggon Berg-Nordlie, Mikkel, 110, 224, chapter 3 Bahbha, Homi, 115 big-tent, 148,156,162,193, 225. See also pan-tribal Bihtám, 71, 260. See also Piteå Birggon, 63,114,160,170, 207, 260. See also Bergen Boden, 71, 260. See also Suttes Bodø, 42, 65, 76, 79, 91, 93,107, 125-26, 134-35,139-41, 162-63, 167,168,174,181, 260. See also Bådåddjo; Buwda Bolivia, 233, 237, 239 Bolshevik, 87. See also Russian Revolution: of 1917; Soviet Union
Brisbane, 234 British Empire, 84, 226, 239 Broderstad, Ann Ragnhild, 77-8 Buwda, 42, 65, 76, 79, 91, 93,107, 125-26, 134-35,139-41,162, 163,167-68,174,181, 260. See also Bådåddjo; Bodø Burning of Finnmark, 75. See also evacuation, forced; scorched earth tactics borders, creation of between Denmark(-Norway) and Sweden in 1751, 34 between Finland and the Soviet Union in 1947, 86 between Norway and the Russian Empire in 1826, 33 between Sweden and the Russian Empire (with Finland) in 1809, 72 C Čáhčesuolu, 63, 67, 80,158, 263. See also Vadsø California, 234 Canada, 3, 22, 24, 78, 225, 227-30, 234, 236-37, 239 Čepes Sám’, 19,3 Chatterjee, Partha, 220
Index I 269 Chicago, 239 Chile, 237, 238, 239 Christianization, 33, 44, 64, 83. See also churches; missionary activity; monasteries; witch trials churches, x, 33, 66-7, 86,170,179 City-Sámit, 82 coastal Sámi, 41, 65, 74,109,118, 128,137-38,165,178 collectivization, forced, 87,189,192. See also Amalgamation, the; relocation, forced colonial, 7-11,14,17, 33-4,110,112, 115, 117-20,135-36, 174-75, 220-25, 228, 238 colonialism, 5, 8, 9,14, 33,110, 119-21,174-75, 222, 224. See also settler colonialism colonization, xv, 1, 2, 4, 7-9,11, 30-3, 65, 84, 85,108,110,118, 174 Committee of the North (USSR), 189 Conservative Party (Norway), 180, 181 cooperation agreements (municipalSámediggi), 135,164,173,174, 181 Coordination Council (Russia), 199200. See also Northern Peoples’ Center Copenhagen, 172,183 Corrigan, Phillip, 225 deCosta, Ravi, 6 Council of Representatives of the Native, Small-Numbered Peoples under the Government of Murmansk Region (Russia), 38, 200, 202. See also Northern Peoples’ Center; Sámediggi: movement for a Russian Crimean War, 84 critical race theory, 231, 236 culture and complexity, xiii, 108-9,114, 117,119,133-35,150 and creativity, xv, 114,141-42 and hierarchies, 13, 89,109,112 čuoldin, x, 185. See also duodji D Dálwadis, 71, 80, 261. See also Jåhkåmåhkke; Jokkmokk Dankertsen, Astri, 121 Davis, Megan, 228 Dawi Nuorra, 163,166, 204 Dearna, 263. See also Deämná; Tämaby Deämná, 263. See also Dearna; Tärnaby definitions of Indigenousness. See under Indigenousness demography, 1, 3, 5, 20, 24, 45, 54, 59, 76-7, 85, 90, 189, 191, 202, 204, 221, 225-28, 246, 248, 253
Indigenous, 221, 225, 227-28 of the Sami, methodological issues, 55-61 statistical invisibility, 85, 88 Denmark(-Norway), 33, 47, 63, 67, 69, 83 Dennison, Jean, 175-76 Denver, 239 Detroit, 239 Dielddanuorri, 263. See also Tjeldsund discourse, xii, 7,11,16,110-11,114, 116, 118, 141, 172, 174, 180, 220-21, 229, 232-33 discrimination, ix, 4,11,13,18-9, 30-1, 34-5, 57, 74, 111, 121, 123, 130, 151-52, 154, 226, 253-54. See also anti-Sámism; assimilation; racism domestic diaspora, 79, 81,115,125, 160,171 Duoddara Ráfe, 182 duodji, 128,156,165,172,179,181, 193. See also čuoldin; gákti Duortmis, 42, 71, 72, 73. See also Tornio E Eanodat, 56, 260. See also Enontekiö Ecuador, 237, 239 EDL, 180, 207. See also anti-Sámism; assimilation; discrimination; passing; policing; racism
270 I Index education, 3,18, 62-4, 66, 67, 69, 72-5, 78, 85, 89, 90,108, 110, 114,115,135,142,148, 152, 159,187-90,198, 201, 224, 228, 230 in Sámi. See Sámi school services Eidheim, Harald, 113 Enontekiö, 56, 260. See also Eanodat ethics, 2, 9,15,18-9, 40 ethnicity, 1, 2, 5-6,10,15,17, 24, 31-4, 36, 39, 44-5, 47, 55-7, 60-1, 74-5, 87, 89-90,113,11517, 119-21,136,143,151-53, 156,161,180,192-93, 196-97, 199, 206-7, 222, 228, 237, 246, 250-56 eugenic policies, 8 Eurasia, 228 Europe, vii, 8-10,12-3, 23, 31-3, 35, 42, 45, 47,150, 182, 219, 257 evacuation, forced, 75. See also the Burning of Finnmark; relocation, forced; scorched earth tactics Evenášši, 260. See also Evenes Evenes, 260. See also Evenášši F Facebook, 132,154,163,167-69, 235 Faepmie, 260. See also Fatmomakke Fálesnuorri, 23, 261. See also Kvalsund (district) Fatmomakke, 260. See also Faepmie festivals, ix, xi, 123,126,134,138, 140,183,197, 257 farming, 117, 224 Fiľman Sámi, 142 Finland, vii, viii, xiv, 2, 31, 33-5, 37, 39-44, 46, 47, 56, 58-60, 62, 71, 72, 75-7, 81-4, 86, 90-3,109, 116-17,131,141,187-88, 206, 230, 250-51, 256, 260 Finmárku, 23, 31, 57, 63-8, 72, 75-6, 113,119,121-3, 126, 137, 205, 250, 260. See also Finnmark Finn meaning Finnish, 31, 47, 55. See also Kvens meaning Sámi, 47, 55 Finnmark, viii, xii, 23, 31, 57, 63-8, 72, 75, 76,113,119,121-23, 126,137-205, 250, 260. See also Finmárku Coast, 113,136 East, 157 Inner, 67,126,138, 205 West, 137 Finmárku, viii, xii, 23, 31, 57, 63-8, 72, 75-6,113,119,121-3,126, 137-205, 250, 260. See also Finnmark Finnmark University College, 67,160 Finnmork, 31, 43 First
Nations, 239 fishing, 36, 88,116-18,122,136,224, 247 Fjellstrøm, Anna-Maria, 81 Fokstad, Per, 158,161 Friendship Centres, 236 G Gáivuotna, 88,109,134,138,173, 177, 261. See also Kåfjord Gáisi, 178,198, 250 giellaguovddáš. See Sámi Language Center: in Tromsø gákti, ix, xi, 74,123-24,128,138-9, 143,151,165,186. See also duodji Gällivare, 42, 71, 80, 81, 91, 260. See also Váhtjer generation, 10, 21, 35, 60, 74-5, 92, 109,119,123,129,137,147, 149,151,153,156, 234, 246 genocide, 9 George, Pamela, 236 Germanic, 32 Giemajávri, 73. See also Kemijärvi Giepma, 73, 261. See also Kemi Gihttel, 56, 261. See also Kittilä Giron, ix, 42, 65, 70, 72, 78, 80, 81, 91,124. See also Kiruna Gjerpe, Kajsa Kemi, xv, 111-112 GOBU, the. See Northern Peoples’ Center governance, 2, 6,11-13, 22-3, 34, 36-8,147,150,161,168,
Index I 271 173-74,177-78,184,194,196, 198-99, 201, 220, 246 Indigenous, 2,12,173-74,177, 184, 247 Grand Duchy of Finland, 72 Great Plains, 78 Guevteli Saemieh. See NSR: Røros area chapter Gullestad, Marianne, 127 Guovdageaidnu, xii, 17, 67, 79,109, 138,160,171,173,194, 205, 250, 261. See also Kautokeino H handicrafts. See duodji Háhpárándi, 42, 71. See dso Haparanda Hall, Stuart, 13,114,142, 231, 232, 239 Hámmárfeasta, 42, 67, 73, 79, 80, 91, 138, 261. See also Hammerfest Hammerfest, 42, 67, 73, 79-91,138, 261, chapter 1 Hansen, Lars Ivar, 55 Haparanda, 42, 71 harassment, 180 Härnösand, 70, 261. See also ffiernesaande Harstad, 62, 66, 261. See also Hárstták Hárstták, 62, 66,261. See also Harstad Helsinki, 42, 77, 82, 91. See also Helsset Helsset, 42, 77, 82, 91. See also Helsinki Herzen University, 89,188, 190 ffiernesaande, 70, 261. See also Härnösand Hom, Philipp, 222 Hovland, Axüd, 109 Hudson, Christine, 252 hunting, ix, 118,122,133,136, 247 hypermobility, 108, 115, 124-27, 141, 234-35, 237, 241, 249 immigration, 47, 66-7, 85, 201, 206 Inari, 40, 41, 56, 73, 261 Inari Sámi, 40-1, 73, 260 Indigeneity, 2, 5,11,13, 111, 141, 147, 220-25, 228-29, 231, 233- 35, 238-39, 246 Indigenous identity, 8,107,111-14,125,141, 234-35, 238 invisibility, 11, 85,122,164,173, 250-52 livelihoods, vii, 3, 38, 40, 43, 89, 189, 192, 247, 249 policy, 8, 34, 87, 111, 148,174, 188-89, 236 politics, 38 recognition of the Sámi as, 39-40 rights, 7, 37, 222, 246. See also ILO; United Nations: Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) ruralization, 111, 116,188-89,194 space, 7,18,
21,148-50,154-56, 157, 162,172-75,192,195,198, 203-4, 236, 237, 253-4. See also Urban Indigenous: space toponyms. See toponyms Indigenousness, 1, 3, 5-9,11,13, 30, 111, 116,147,155,179 objective criteria for, xiii, 7. See also Sámediggi: Electoral Registry subjective criteria for, xiii, 6. See also Sámediggi: Electoral Registry industrialization, 36, 63, 65, 67, 69-73, 85-7, 93,189, 230 insider and outsider perspectives, 15-6 Iron Age, 32 Iron Curtain, 190 Islamophobia, 152 Ivalo, 73, 260. See also Aweel; Awil; Â’wel Ižma Komi. See Komi I ILO 169, 5, 39 immigrants, 55,174,180-81,192, 195,206 J Jåhkåmåhkke, 71, 80, 261. See also Dálwadis; Jokkmokk
272 I Index Jakovleva, Roza, 190 Jämtland, 41, 70-2, 81, 261. See also Ji emhte Jïemhte, 41, 70, 71, 72, 81, 261. See also Jämtland Jokanga, 86, 261 Jokkmokk, 71, 80, 261. See also Dálwadis; Jåhkåmåhkke Jona, 88,193, 261 Joņņ syjjt. See Jona Jowkui. See Jokanga К Kåfjord, ix, 88,109,134,138,173, 177, 261. See also Gáivuotna Kandalakša, 83, 85-6, 261. See also Kánntlúht Kánntlúht, 83, 85-6, 261. See also Kandalakša Kárášjohka, 67, 79,160,171,194, 205, 261. See also Karasjok Karasjok, 67, 79,160,171,194, 205, 261. See also Kárášjohka Karelia, 84 Kathmandu, 4 Kautokeino, xii, 17, 67, 79,109,138, 160,171,173,194, 205, 250, 261. See also Guovdageaidnu Kern’, 84 Kemi, 73, 261. See also Giepma Kemijärvi, 73,261. See also Giemajávri Kemi Sámi, 40-1, 260 Kildin Sámi, 21, 40, 42,189, 260 kindergarten. See Sámi: kindergarten Kirana, ix, 42, 65, 70, 72, 78, 80-1, 91,124, 261. See also Giron Kittilä, 56, 261. See also Gihttel Khvorostukhina, Anastasija, 190 KMNS. See small-numbered peoples of the North Kola Fjord, 83, 261. See also Kúlľvúnn’ Komi. See Komi Lappish District, 84 Peninsula, 31, 83, 89,187-88, 190,195,197, 261. See also Kuèllnegknjoarrk; Murmansk: Region, a province of Russia River, 83, 261. See also Kúlľjógk Sámi Association. See AKS Town, 83-6 Kolkhoz, 87 Komi, 39, 84, 89,188,196-97 Konstantinov, Yulian, 86,197 Kovdor, 43, 86, 88,193 Kramvig, Britt, 109,118-19,121 Krasne syjjt, 88. See also Krasnoščeľye Krasnoščeľye, 88. See also Krasne syjjt Kuèllnegknjoarrk, Peninsula, 31, 83, 89,187-88,190,195,197, 261. See also Kola: Peninsula Sám’ Sobbar, 38,187,191, 200. See also
Sámediggi: movement for a Russian Kuellnegkvúnn, 83, 261. See also Kola: Fjord Kúlľjógk, 83, 261. See also Kola: River Kúlľvúnn’ 83, 261. See also Kola: Fjord Kukutai, Tahu, 135, 225 Kuokkanen, Rauna, 13,17,110,112, 251-52 Kuusamo, 47 Kvalsund (district), 23, 261. See also Fálesnuorri Kvalsund (hamlet), 261. See also Ráhkkerávju Kvænangen, 139,143,158, 261. See also Návuotna Kvens, x, 47, 67,121,142,164-67, 197. See also Finn the Kven immigration, 47, 67, 206 as contemporary ethnic group, 121, 142,164-65,167, 206 L Labor Movement, 187, 207 Party, 161-62,166,171,187, 207 Lade, x, xiv, 18, 42, 63-6, 70, 76, 79, 91, 93,107,121,132, 150,154, 158-9,160,162-63,167-70, 182-83, 206, 248, 263. See also Nidaros; Tråante; Trondheim Ladoga, 31
Index I 273 Láhppi, xii, 23,139,143, 262. See also Loppa Lakselvbukt, 178-79,181, 261. See also Moskaluokta language area. See Sámi: Language Administrative Areas language center. See Sami Language Center Länsman, Anne, 82 Larsen, Anders, 74,158,161 Lapland contemporary landscape of Sweden, 31, 71-3,129 Govemorate (Laplandskaja gubernija), 85 historical province of Sweden, 31, 43, 71-3 Region, province in Finland, 31, 41, 43, 56, 71-3, 75 University, xiii, 81 War, 75. See also World War II Lapp, 31, 34, 58, 60, 83-4,153,158 Codicille, 33 “Lapp shall be Lapp” policy, 34 Lappish Central Association, 158 Laula Renberg, Elsa, x, 158-59,169 Lávželuokta, 67, 262. See also Rypefjord Leem, Knud, 65 Levanger, 64, 261. See also Lievenge Lievenge, 64, 261. See also Levanger Lindgren, Anna-Riitta, 81 Lofoten, viii, 65, 68, 262. See also Lofuohtta; Vähki Lofuohtta, viii, 65, 68, 262. See also Lofoten; Vähki Loparaskaja, 197 Loppa, xii, 23,139,143, 262. See also Láhppi Lopskaja Zemlja, 84. See also Kola: Peninsula; Russian Sápmi Los Angeles, 239 Left Party, 180, 207 Leningrad. See St. Petersburg LGBTQ+, ix, 124,131,137. See also queering sápmi; Sámi: pride flag Liksjoe, 71, 262. See also Likssjuo; Lycksele Likssjuo, 71, 262. See also Liksjoe; Lycksele Loppa, xii, 139, chapter З Lovozero, xi, 43, 86, 88-90,188-89, 191.193-94,197-98, 200, 204. See also Lujaw’r Lujaw’r, xi, 43, 86, 88-90,188-89, 191.193-4,197-98, 200, 204. See also Lovozero Luleå, 42, 71, 76, 81, 91, 93, 262. See also Luleju Luleå University of Technology, 71 Luleju, 42, 71, 76, 81, 91, 93, 262. See also Luleå Lule Sámi,
40-2, 58, 64-5, 93,131, 135,139-40,167-68,182, 260 Lund, Svein, 152 Lycksele, 71, 262. See also Liksjoe; Likssjuo M Måahvie, 65, 262. See also Mo і Rana Maajehjaevrie, 158, 262. See also Majavatn Majavatn, 158, 262. See also Maajehjaevrie Málmmavárre, 71, 262. See also Malmberget Malmberget, 71, 262. See also Málmmavárre Manndalen, ix, 134, 262. See also Olmmáivággi Maori, 14,135, 224-25, 227, 237 Mapuche, 240 Marae, 237 marginalization, 1, 5,15-8, 84, 109-10,119,135,137,154. See also assimilation; discrimination; racism master race, 10, 34. See also racism Máttá-Váijjat, 80. See also Sør-Varanger McClintock, Anne, 112 methodology, 2, 9,14-20, 35, 55, 80, 107-8, 227 Middle Ages, viii, 31-3, 61, 65, 68, 91,179 Mii, 82
274 I Index military, vii, 43, 61, 66-7, 71, 85-6, 179,188, 223 Milwaukee, 239 mining, 36, 64-5, 67, 69, 71-2, 86, 91,189 Minneapolis, 239 missionary activity. See Christianization Mo і Rana, 65, 262. See also Måahvie monasteries, 83 Mončegorsk, 42, 86, 89,189,192-94, 198-99, 203, 262. See also Mončetuntur Mončetuntur, 42, 86, 89,189, 192-94,198-99, 203, 262. See also Mončegorsk Moreton-Robinson, Meen, 9 Mortenson, Daniel, 158 Moscow, 87,189 Mosjøen, x, 65,159. See also Mussere Moskaluokta, 178-79,181, 261. See also Lakselvbukt Moskavuotna, ix, 123,178, 263. See also Ullsfjord; Vuovlevuotna Mozolevskaja, Anastasija, 190 multiculturalism, 4, 64,109,113-14, 116,150,165 multilocal, 125, 249 multilingualism, 254 Murman Coast, 83-5 Colonist District, 84 Lánn’. See also Murmansk: City Romanov-na-Murmane, 85 Murmansk Arctic State University, 85 City, 24, 64, 42, 85-7, 89, 91,153֊ 54,189-95,197, 198, 203-5, 248, 262 Region, a province of Russia, 38, 41, 43, 86, 87, 90, 94, 190-2, 195,196,199-200, 202-4 Regional Museum of Local Folklore, 198 Muscowy. See Russian: Tsardom Mussere, x, 65,159. See also Mosjøen N Napoleonic Wars, 63 Narvik, 62, 65, 75,152, 262. See also Áhkanjárga Nazi Germany, 75, 226 national cultural autonomy (NCA), 192-95, 198,199, 203-4 Cultural Center, xi, 194,198, 200 nationalism, 34,110 nation state, 220, 223 native hubs, 234, 237 Návuotna, 139,143,158, 261. See also Kvænangen Nenets, 289 Nepal, 4 Nesseby, 177, 262. See also Unjárga Newar, 4 New Zealand, 3, 24,135, 224-25, 237, 239 NGOs, 12, 37-9, 82,139,147-50, 155-69,170-1,177-81, 183,184,191-95,197,199, 201,
202, 248, 255. See also partisanization; politicization; specialization NIBR Institute for Urban and Regional Research, xiii Niekui, Karl, 56 Nidaros, x, xiv, 18, 42, 63-6, 70, 76, 79, 91, 93,107,121,132,150, 154,158-59,160,162-63,16770,182,183, 206, 248, 263. See also Lade; Tråante; Trondheim nodality, 66,168-69,172,183,185, 198,204-5 Noereh, ix, 120, 124,139-41,143, 166,171, 184, 204 Novgorod Republic, 66-7, 83 Nordic Sámi Council. See Sámi: Council Nordic Sámi policy, 37 Nordic Sápmi. See Sápmi Nord-Trøndelag, 76, 93, 206, 207. See also Trøndelag Nord University, xiii, 64-5, 93,135, 139,168 Norrbotten, 71-2, 81
Index I 275 North Calotte Conventions, 190 Calotte People (party), 165-66 Norway, 63, 66, 75, 78,160,166, 197 Sámi, 16, 34, 37, 40-2, 64-5, 745, 126,139, 142, 182, 260 Northern Peoples’ Center (“the GOBU”), 195-200, 203-4 Norris, Mary Jane, 4 Northern Europe, vii, viii, 10, 23, 31-2, 35, 42, 45, 47,150, 257 Norwegianization policy, 34,117, 121.123.137.140, 206. See also assimilation Norwegian Research Council, xiii, 16-7, 93 Norwegians, 11, 32, 55, 66,112,121, 131,151-52,162,175, 206 Norwegian Sámi Council, 57, 93 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 64 Norse, 64-5 NSR, 130,160-73,177-78,181,183, 191,198, 201-2, 207 Alta chapter (Alttá Sámi Searvi), 160,164-66,171,177, 198 Berge chapter, 170 Bodø chapter, 167 Deatnu chapter, 160 Guovdageaidnu chapter, 160 Haugalandet chapter, 171 Kárášjohka chapter, 160 Lake Mjøsa area chapter, 171 Lakselvbukt chapter, 178-79 Møre and Romsdal chapter, 171 Oslo chapter (Oslo Sámi Searvi), 160,170-73,183 Porsáijgu chapter, 160 Røros area chapter (Guevteli saemieh), 169 Salten chapter (Sálto sámesiebbre), 139.140, 167-68, 207 Tromsø chapter, 160,166-67,178, 181 Trøndelag and Hedmark chapter, 168-69 Trondheim area chapter, 169 NUORGÁV project, xiii, xiv, 2, 8,14, 16-7, 21, 143,149-50, 207 Nyseth, Torill, 124,125, 180, 249 О obščina, 192-94,197,199-200 Ofelaččat. See Sámi: Pathfinders Ohcejohka, 56, 263. See also Utsjoki Øksfjord, 138,143, 262. See also Ákšovuotna Olenegorsk, 86,197, 262. See also Púdze vårr’ Olmmáivággi, ix, 134, 262. See also Manndalen Olsen, Kjell, 113,121, 250 Onega, 31 OOSMO, Public Organization of the
Sámi in Murmansk Region, 90, 191-95,198-201, 204 openly Sámi. See visible: Sáminess Örnsköldsvik, 70, 262. See also Onestare Orrestaare, 70, 262. See also Örnsköldsvik Orthodox, 83 Osage, 175 Oslo, 91,107,120,121,124-25, 130-31, 133, 135, 139-41, 143, 158-60,162-63,167,170-72, 174,183-87,195,198, 201-2, 204, 204, 207, 257, 262. See also Oslove Metropolitan University, xiii Sámi House. See Sámi House: in Oslo Sámi Searvi. See NSR: Oslo chapter Oslove, 91,107,120,121,124-25, 130-31,133, 135, 139-41, 143, 158-60,162-63,167, 170-72, 174,183-87,195,198, 201-2, 204, 204, 207, 257, 262. See also Oslo Noereh, ix, 124,140,171,184 Östersund, 42, 70, 72,158, 262. See also Staare Ostrovnoj, 86. See also Jokanga; Varzino
276 I Index Oulu, 42, 82, 91 Sámit, 82 out-of-placeness, xv, 11, 111, 113, 118,122,125,141,147,151, 231-33, 236, 238, 249 P Pacific, the, 228 Paieo-European languages, 32 pan-Sámi, 46,113,116 pan-tribal, 156. See also big-tent partisanization, 12,147-50,155-57, 160-64,166,192, 203-4, 206, 254 passing, 10, 74,151,153,164,174, 236. See also policing; visible: Sáminess paternalism, 34,153 Peäccam, 43, 83, 86, 262. See also Pečenga Pečenga. See also Peäccam Pedersen, Paul, 78, 80,124,180, 249 Pedersen, Steinar, 148,162 perestroika, 35,190 Peters, Evelyn, 24, 78, 111, 229 Pettersen, Torunn, 80, 248 Petrograd. See St. Petersburg Piteå, 71, 260. See also Bihtám Pite Sámi, 40-2, 65, 93,139,168, 182, 260 Plaassje, 64,158,168-69,183, 262. See also Røros Places of Traditional Inhabitance and Traditional Economic Activities, 44 policing, 164. See also discrimination; passing; racism; visible: Sáminess politicization, 11,148,150,155-57, 160-61,164,179, 192,193, 203, 206, 254 Pomor population, 189 trade, 63 Ponoj District, 84 Porsanger, 160,173,177, 262. See also Porsággu Porsanger, Anders, 64 Porsáqgu, 160,173,177, 262. See also Porsanger post-colonial, 220 post-Soviet, 85, 87,190, 207 private business, 12,148,155,173 Program for Sámi Research, xiii Progress Party, 180 Púdze várr’, 86,197, 262. See also Olenegorsk Push-pull effect, 3-5, 83, 90, 111, 224, 229, 230, 237 Q Quechua, 233 queer, 131,137. See also LGBTQ+; queering Sápmi queering Sápmi, 131. See also LGBTQ+; queer R racialization, 2,10-11,153, 236 racism, 2, 4, 9-11,13,19, 24, 34, 35, 55, 74,120-21,130,151-53, 174, 236, 251-52
“scientific,” race biology research, 9-10, 34-45. See also social Darwinism Ráhkkeráyju, 261. See also Kvalsund (hamlet) “railway belt,” 86,188,194,197. See also Kola: Peninsula Red Party (Norway), 207 Red Power movement, 237 Reiersen, Jan Einar, 73 reindeer herding, 34, 43, 56, 64, 84, 88, 93-4, 109, 111-12,116-19, 122,126,131,136-39,142,143, 158,192, 206, 207, 220, 231, 247, 254 relocation, forced, 75, 88,116,134, 189. See also the Amalgamation, the; Burning of Finnmark Renberg, Elsa Laula. See Laula Renberg, Elsa representation, xiii, 12,17,18, 31, 35, 37, 38, 43, 56, 59-60, 70, 92, 157,161-62, 168, 170, 171,
Index I 277 176-79,181-82,184-85, 187, 191-92,196,198-200, 202-3, 207, 232, 245, 250, 255. See also NGOs; Sámediggi resistance, 7, 8,10-1, 75,118,174, 176, 236, 238 returnees to Indigenousness, 7, 75. See also revitalization Revda, 86,192,194 revitalization, 34-5, 41, 44, 75,109, 116,137,139, 173, 190, 202, 248, 256 Roawenjárga, 42, 73, 82, 91, 251, 262. See also Rovaniemi Romsa, viii-x, 42, 55, 57, 63, 66-8, 76, 78-80, 85, 91, 93,107, 12324,126,128,131-32,139, 140, 158, 160,162-63,166-68,171, 174,178-82,194,198, 250-52, 263. See also Tromsø Romssa Sámi Searvi. See NSR: Tromsø chapter Røros, 64,158,168-69,183, 262. See also Plaassje Rovaniemi, 42, 73, 82, 91, 251, 262. See also Roawenárga Runášši, 66, 263. See also Trendenes rurality, 7,11, 55, 111, 112,117-18, 141,147,189, 232, 246, 252. See also Indigenous: ruralization; rural-urban balance or conflict ruralization. See Indigenous: ruralization rural-urban balance or conflict, 160, 176, 190, 199, 205, 246-50 Russian Empire, 72-3, 84,187 Revolution of 1917, 34, 72, 85, 188, 199 Sámi Parliament. See Sámediggi: movement for a Russian Tsardom, 83-4 Russians, 32, 36, 39,153 russkie (ethnic Russians), 36 Rypefjord, 67, 262. See also Lávželuokta S Saba, Isak, 158,161 Saemien Sijjie Tråante (renamed Tråanten Saemien Dåehkie in 2021), 169, 183 Studeenth Oslovisnie, 171 Studeenth Tråantesne, 8,18,16970 Saghe, Jo, 248 Sáhráhkká, 191 Salto bihtesamiid searvi, 168 Salto sámesiebrre. See NSR: Salten chapter Sám’ Núraš, 193,194,198, 204, 208 sobbar, 38,187,191, 200 Sámediggi, 18, 33, 37, 44, 47, 56, 58-60, 67, 70-3, 78-81, 90, 93,
116,135,137-38,157,161-65, 168.171.173-74, 178-79, 18185,191, 193,198-200, 203-4, 206-7, 249-50, 255 electoral constituencies, 41, 43, 44, 47, 79, 178, 196, 207, 250 Electoral Registry, 37, 56, 58-60, 78, 80, 90, 92,116,180,181, 207, 250 in Finland, 37, 73, 78, 90, 92-3,116 movement for a Russian, 38, 60, 187,191-93,198, 200-1, 203-4 in Norway, 18, 37, 44, 47, 58, 67, 81, 93,135,157,161-65,168, 171.173- 74,178-79,181-85, 198, 203, 206-7, 249-50, 255 in Sweden, 37, 60, 70, 72, 81 Sámi Council, 56-7, 93,195 Culture Club, 268 culture house, ix, 69,150,172, 177, 179,182-84,194,196-98, 203, 236. See also Sámi House Domicile, viii, 43-4, 56, 58, 73, 81-2,116 flag, ix, 124 Fund for Heritage and Development, 193
278 I Index Fund of Nature, 193 homeland. See Sápmi. See also Sámi: Domicile kindergarten, ix, 120,133,135, 137,139,149, 154,163,165, 168, 177, 184, 206-7, 253 Language Administrative Areas, viii, 47, 59, 72, 77,173,180 melancholia, 175 National Day, 128,132-33,155, 172,197 parents’ networks, 23,149,163, 166-69,171-72,178,181, 204, 207 Parlameanta (Sámi Delegation), 37, 60,92 parliaments. See Sámediggi Pathfinders, viii, 170 People’s Party (SáB), 171,183 pride flag, ix, 124 Reindeer Herders’ Association of Norway (NBR/NRL), 158 religion, 9, 33,108 school services, 122,126-29, 139-40,149,163,172,184, 207 Searvi (Oslo), 159-60. See also NSR Social Democratic Forum (Oslo), 171,183 Studeanttaid Searvi Romssas, 132, 166.179 Studeanttasearvi Dawi-Norggas, 166.174.179 spaces, 12,18,129,143,149-50, 154-56,162,164,167-69,175, 183, 193, 203-4, 248, 253-56 “-speakers” and “non-speakers,” 41, 58,100,122, 126,130, 138, 140, 164-65, 177-78, 247, 253-54 subgroups, 16, 41,137,168,172 toponyms. See toponyms University of Applied Sciences, x, 17, 67,170,173 youth organizing. See Áyjovám: Noereh; Dawi Nuorra; Noereh; Oslove: Noereh; Sám’: Núraš Sámi House, 172-73, 251 in Alta. See Alttá: Süda in Bodø. See Sámi Language Center: in Bodø inspired by House of Greenland, 172,183 in Oslo, 9-10,140,142,172, 183-85, 195,198, 207 in Tromsø, 179-81, 251 in Trondheim, 182-83 Sami Language Center, 172,173, 175-76,198, 202-3 in Alta, 138,176-78,198 in Bodø, 135,139,181,182, 207 in Kåfjord, 177 in Nesseby, 177 in Oslo, 183-87 in Porsanger, 177 in Røros, 183 in Stuornjárga, 177 in Tana, 177 in Tromsø, viii,
68,178-81,198 in Trondheim, 182 in lysijord, 177 inspired by Wales, 173 Sáminess, vii, xv, 11, 40, 57, 77, 92, 116,118,124,126,142,151-52, 154-55,164-65,174-77, 207, 231, 233, 250-53, 255 Samisk Arena Trondheim, 169,171 Sámit lulde, 171 San Francisco, 239 Sápmi borders of, 41, 43,47 Finnish, 40, 46, 72, 91,116 Nordic, 20, 61, 82, 84, 91, 201 Norwegian, 46, 62-3, 70, 76, 78, 85,159,185,190,194, 204 Russian, 20, 38, 42-3, 46, 82-9, 91, 116,142,187-90,192-95,199, 203-5, 208 Swedish, ix, 46, 69-71, 76, 79, 91, 93,117 South, 41, 43-4, 47, 63, 70, 72, 76, 79, 91, 93,117,158,169, 172, 183, 248 Sára Project, 81-2 Sayer, Derek, 226 Scandinavia, xiv, 10, 31, 32, 75,142, 226
Index I 279 “scientific” racism. See discrimination; racism scorched earth tactics, 75. See also Burning of Finnmark Seattle, 239 Seglvik, 158. See also Silvetnjárga self-determination, 6,188 self-governance, 6, 34, 37,174 Selivanov, Vasilij, 190 Seminarium Lapponicum, 64, 66 Seminarium Scholasticum, 64 Semjaškin, Sergej, 190 SER. See Sámediggi: Electoral Registry SeSam, Center for Sámi Studies, 66 settler colonialism, 9,11, 84,110, 115,118,120-21,174-75 Severomorsk, 86 SFF, 178-9,181 shame, 10,113,121,137,138,151. See also passing; policing siella, 10-1,186. See also duodji süda, 32, 87, 93,137,177,198 Silvetnjárga, 158. See also Seglvik Sjädtavallie, 70, 263. See also Sundsvall Skánit, 263. See also Skånland Skånland, 263. See also Skánit Skansen, vii, 68,179-81 Skellefteå, 42, 71, 81, 91, 93,163. See also Skillehte Skillehte, 42, 71, 81, 91, 93,163. See also Skellefteå Sköld, Peter, 5 Skolt Sámi, 22, 40-1, 64, 73,142, 260 Slavic, 32, 83 SLF, 161,178 small-numbered peoples of the North (KMNS), 37, 39, 196,197, 200 Smith, Linda Tuhiwai, 14,17 Soadegilli, 56,263. See also Sodankylä Sobbar, 38,187,191, 200 social Darwinism. See also antiSámism; discrimination; racism Socialist Left Party, 207 social media, 19,108,119,132,139, 154-55,163, 235, 249. See also Facebook Sodankylä, 56,263. See also Soadegilli Sokolovskij, Sergej, 7 Sørlie, Kjetil, 77-8 Sortland, 65, 263. See also Suortá Sør-Trøndelag, 76, 93, 206, 207. See also Trøndelag Sør-Varanger, 80. See also Máttá-Várjjat Soviet Indigenous “spring,” 34, 87, 188 Soviet Union, 3, 35, 38, 87 Sovkhoz, 88,193 South Norway,
79,170,171, 205 South Sámi, 40-2, 58, 64,168, 182-83,193, 207, 260. See also Sápmi: South Spållavuolle viii, 65, 68, 263. See also Svolvær specialization, 11, 21,147-49, 155-57,162,192,193, 203, 206, 254 SSSR. See Sámi: Studeanttaid Searvi Romssas; Soviet Union St. Petersburg, 43, 85, 89-90,188, 190, 201 Staare, 42, 70, 72, 89,158,188,190, 262. See also Östersund Stalinism, 34, 289 statistics, vii, 44, 46, 55, 57-9, 60-1, 70, 76-7, 80, 85, 88-9, 91,135, 225-30, 231, 238. See also demography Statistics Norway, 55, 57, 76 Statistics Sweden, 70 Steinkjer, 64, 263. See also Stientjie stereotypes, xiii, 9-11,13, 89, 111-12,117-18,151-53, 220, 233, 246, 251-53 Stientjie, 64, 264. See also Steinkjer STN-area, viii, 44, 58, 77 Stockholbma, viii, 42, 44, 69, 77, 81, 91, 93,107,126,129, 135, 137, 158. See also Stockholm Stockholm, viii, 42, 44, 69, 77, 81, 91, 93,107,126,129,135,137,158. See also Stockholbma Stordahl, Vigdis, 17
280 I Index Stormen. See Sámi Language Center: in Bodø subethnic, 20,162. See also Sámi: subgroups Sundsvall, 70, 263. See also Sjädtavallie Suoma Sámiid Guovddášsearvi, 82 Suoitá, 65, 263. See also Sortland Suttes, 71, 260. See also Boden Svahken sijte, xi, 257 Sverresborg Folk Museum, 183, 207 Svolvær, viii, 65, 68, 263. See also Spållavuolle Swedes, 32 Syöoldete, 42, 71, 81, 91, 93,163. See also Skellefteå T Tämaby, 263. See also Dearna; Deärnná Tauli-Corpuz, Victoria, 226-7 taxation zones in the Middle Ages, 32, 33, 44, 83 Ter Coast, 83 Ter Sámi, 40, 260 Thrush, Coll, 220 Tjeldsund, 263. See also Dielddanuorri Tornio, 42, 71, 72, 73. See also Duortnus Tråante, x, xiv, 18, 42, 63-6, 70, 76, 79, 91, 93,107,121,132,150, 154, 158-59,160, 162-63, 16770, 182,183, 206, 248, 263. See also Lade; Nidaros; Trondheim Tråante 1917, x, 160,169,182, 183 Tråante2017, x, xiv, 170,182,183 Tråanten Dajven Saemien Siebrie. See NSR: Trondheim chaphter Tråanten Saemien Dåehkie. See Saemien: Sijjie Tråante traditional economic activities. See Indigenous: livelihoods Troms, viii, 57, 63-7, 75-6, 172,179, 263. See also Tromsa Troms a, viii, 57, 63-7, 75-6,172, 179, 263. See also Troms Tromsø, 42, 55, 57, 63, 66-8, 76, 78-80, 85, 91, 93,107,123-24, 126, 128,131-32,139-40,158, 160,162-63,166-68,171,174, 178-82,194,198, 250-52, 263. See also Romsa Tromsø Teachers’ College Trøndelag, viii, 63-5, 70, 75-6, 93, 168-69, 206-7, 263 Trendenes, 66, 263. See also Runášši Trondheim, x, xiv, 18, 42, 63-6, 70, 76, 79, 91, 93,107,121,132, 150,154,158-59,160,162-63, 167-70, 182-83, 206, 248, 263. See also
Lade; Nidaros; Tråante toponyms, x, 21, 31, 41-2, 47, 55, 62, 65, 72, 83, 86,167,182, 260-63 Tuliem, 88, 263. See also Tuloma Tuloma, 88, 263. See also Tuliem Ubmeje, ix, 42, 69-70, 76, 80-1, 88, 91, 93, 107,134,136-37,139, 252, 263. See also Umeå Ucce, Peder Larsen, 158 UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 65-7,138,166 ukrupnenie. See Amalgamation, the Ullsfjord, ix, 123,178, 263. See also Moskavuotna; Vuovlevuotna Umba, 83, 85, 263. See also Umm’p umbrella organization, 56, 82,157, 160,183, 203, 255 Umeå, ix, 42, 69-70, 76, 80-1, 88, 91, 93, 107, 134,136-37,139, 252, 263. See also Ubmeje; Upmeje Urne Sámi, ix, 40, 42, 69-70, 260 Umm’p, 83, 85, 263. See also Umba United Nations, 39, 219, 227, 231 Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), 227-8 Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 39 -Habitat, 227, 229, 233 Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 226
Index I 281 Working Group on Indigenous Populations, 39 United States of America, 3, 10, 24, 78,174-74, 230, 236-37, 239 University of Lapland, xiii, 72-3 Unjárga, 177, 262. See also Nesseby Upmeje, ix, 42, 69-70, 76, 80-1, 88, 91, 93,107,134,136-37,139, 252, 263. See also Umeå Uralic, 32 urban Indigenous atomization, 154-55 culture houses, 147,155,172,195, 198, 233, 237. See also Sámi House; Sámi Language Center governance. See governance: Indigenous life, xv, 2-4,12, 30,149, 185, 247, organizations. See NGOs space, 7,18, 21,149,150,154-55, 157, 162, 172-75, 192, 195, 198, 203-4, 236-37,148, 253-54, 156. See also Indigenous: space urbanity, xiii, 1-4,11, 73, 77,112, 117, 133, 157, 194, 240, 245, 248 USSR. See Soviet Union Utsjoki, 56, 263. See also Ohcejohka V Vadsø, 63, 67, 80,158, 263. See also Čáhčesuolu Vågar, viii, 65, 68 Váhki, 65, 68, 262. See also Lofoten; Lofuohtta Váhtjer, 42, 71, 80, 81, 91, 260. See also Gällivare Várdduo, Center for Sámi Research, 70 Vardø, 67, 263. See also Várggát Vardøhus, 65 Várggát, 67, 263. See also Vardø Varzino, 86, 263. See also Ársjogk Varzuga, 83, 263. See also Vúr’se Västerbotten, 70-1, 76, 81 Västernorrland, 41, 70, 81 Vesterålen, 65, 263. See also Vester-allase; Viestterálas Vester-allase, 65, 263. See also Vesterålen; Viestterálas Vieljažiid Searvi, 157 Viestterálas, 65, 263. See also Vesterålen; Vester-allase Viking Age, 61 Vinogradova, Iraida, 190 visible Aboriginal presence, 236 Sáminess, 11,130,139,151, 154-55, 164, 174,180,185,195, 207. See also passing; policing voice, 16,19,129,148,156,162, 171, 191, 195, 107, 255
Vuovlevuotna, ix, 123,178, 263. See also Moskavuotna; Ullsfjord Vúr’se, 83, 263. See also Varzuga W Weaver, Hilary N., 107 Westen, Thomas von, 64 White Sea, 84 whiteness, 10-1,135,175, 220-21. See also passing; policing Willerslev, Rane, 98 Winsvold, Marte, 21 witch trials, 33. See also Christianization Wolfe, Patrick, 9,110,174 World Council of Indigenous Peoples, 39 World War I, 34, 85, 91 World War II, 34-5, 54-5, 60, 67, 75-6, 82, 86, 88, 90-1,109,157, 189, 222, 224-5, 227, 230 Y Yukaghirs, 89 Z Zavalko, Sergey, 61 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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Contents ճետ W List of Illustrations vii Preface xii Astri Dankertsen Introduction. Indigenousness and Urbanization Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold 1 Chapter 1. The Sámi and Sápmi: The People and the Land Mikkel Berg-Nordlie and Anna Andersen 30 Chapter 2. Cities in Sápmi, Sámi in the Cities: Indigenous Urbanization in the Nordic Countries and Russia Mikkel Berg-Nordlie and Anna Andersen 54 Chapter 3. Young City Sámi in Norway and Sweden: Making Space for Urban Indigenous Identities Astri Dankertsen 107 Chapter 4. Urban Indigenous Organizing and Institution-Building in Norway and Russia: By and For Whom? Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Anna Andersen, and Astri Dankertsen 147 Chapter 5. Sámi Urbanization in the Global Currents of Indigenous Urbanization Chris Andersen 219
vi I Contents Conclusion. An Urban Future for Sápmi? Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold 245 Appendix A. Toponyms in Sámi Languages and Other Languages 260 Appendix B. Cyrillic-Latin Transliteration System 264 Index 267
Index ¿a 1жг 6 February. See Sámi: National Day A Aanaar, 40-1, 56, 73, 261. See also Inari Aanar, 40-1, 56, 73, 261. See also Inari Åäqel-Saemiej Gïelh (ÅSG), 168,183 Aarsæther, Nils, 76 activism, 114, 227 Afanasijeva, Nina, 190 Africa, 228 Áhkanjárga, 62, 65, 75,152, 262. See also Narvik Åhrén, Christina, xiv, 6-7, 21, 40, 105,109,176 Akkala Sámi, 40-2,142,189, 260 Ákšovuotna, 138,143, 262. See also Øksfjord Albuquerque, 239 Aleksandrovsk, 84 Alta, be, 36-7, 42, 62, 67, 75-6, 79-80, 91, 93,107,119,120-22, 124.134.137-39,143,151,152, 160-67, 171,174,176-78,198, 260. See also Alta Alta, be, 36-7, 42, 62, 67, 75-6, 79, 80, 91,93, 107, 119-22, 124, 134.137- 39,143,151-52, 160-67, 171,174, 176-78,198, 260. See also Alta Alta Battallion, 75 Alta Dam Conflict (1968-82), 36-7, 160-62,164 Alttá Sámi Searvi. See NSR: Alta chapter Süda, 137,177,198. See also Alta; Alta; Samt Language Center: in Alta Älvdalen, 47 Alymov, Vasilij, 61, 87,189 Amalgamation, the, 88,189. See also collectivization, forced America, 34 Central, 4 Latin, 222, 228 North, 4, 78, 219 South, 4, 237 American Anglo-American, 24 Canadian-American, ix, 134 Indian Centers, 236 Indigenous, ix, 4,134 Native American, 22, 238 Anár, 40-41, 56, 73, 261. See also Inari Andersen, Anna, 208, 227 Andersen, Chris, 111 Andreassen, Christian, 158 anti-Sámism, 10,149,151-53,174, 180, 251. See also assmilation; Norwegianization policy; racism
268 I Index Apatity-Kirovsk, 42, 86,189,193-94, 203 Arctic, the, 1, 86, 228 Circle, 248 Council, 39 Indigenous Center, 179 University of Norway, 21-2, 46, 65-7, 92,138, 166, 205, 258 Arkhangelsk, 84 Ársjogk, 86, 263. See also Varzino Asia, 1, 4,152, 228 assimilation, ix, 4, 8, 34-6, 45, 57-8, 61, 74-5, 85, 88, 108, 110-12, 117-19, 123,135,160,161, 174,176, 206, 250, 252. See also anti-Sámism; discrimination; Norwegianization policy; racism AKS, 90,190-95, 198, 200-2, 204 Aubert, Vilhelm, 57-8, 78, 94 Australia, 1, 3, 24, 234, 237, 239 chapter 5 Australian Aboriginal, 4, 9, 234, 236 authenticity, 11,13,108,111-12, 118, 141,147, 219-20, 231-33, 235, 252 autonomy, 43, 87,188, 193, 196 Ávjovárri, 79, 250, 260 Noereh, 171 Aweel, 73, 260. See also Awil; Â’wel; Ivalo Â’wel, 73, 260. See also Awel; Awil; Ivalo Awil, 73, 260. See also Aweel; Â’wel; Ivalo Axelsson, Per, 5 Aymara, 233 В Bådåddjo, 42, 65, 76, 79, 91, 93, 107, 125,126, 134-35,139-41, 162-63,167,168,174,181, 260. See also Bodø; Buwda Bájddár, 140,182, 260. See also Beiarn Barents Euro-Arctic Cooperation, 22, 39 Beiam, 140,182, 260. See also Bájddár Bergen, 63,114,160,170, 207, 260. See also Birggon Berg-Nordlie, Mikkel, 110, 224, chapter 3 Bahbha, Homi, 115 big-tent, 148,156,162,193, 225. See also pan-tribal Bihtám, 71, 260. See also Piteå Birggon, 63,114,160,170, 207, 260. See also Bergen Boden, 71, 260. See also Suttes Bodø, 42, 65, 76, 79, 91, 93,107, 125-26, 134-35,139-41, 162-63, 167,168,174,181, 260. See also Bådåddjo; Buwda Bolivia, 233, 237, 239 Bolshevik, 87. See also Russian Revolution: of 1917; Soviet Union
Brisbane, 234 British Empire, 84, 226, 239 Broderstad, Ann Ragnhild, 77-8 Buwda, 42, 65, 76, 79, 91, 93,107, 125-26, 134-35,139-41,162, 163,167-68,174,181, 260. See also Bådåddjo; Bodø Burning of Finnmark, 75. See also evacuation, forced; scorched earth tactics borders, creation of between Denmark(-Norway) and Sweden in 1751, 34 between Finland and the Soviet Union in 1947, 86 between Norway and the Russian Empire in 1826, 33 between Sweden and the Russian Empire (with Finland) in 1809, 72 C Čáhčesuolu, 63, 67, 80,158, 263. See also Vadsø California, 234 Canada, 3, 22, 24, 78, 225, 227-30, 234, 236-37, 239 Čepes Sám’, 19,3 Chatterjee, Partha, 220
Index I 269 Chicago, 239 Chile, 237, 238, 239 Christianization, 33, 44, 64, 83. See also churches; missionary activity; monasteries; witch trials churches, x, 33, 66-7, 86,170,179 City-Sámit, 82 coastal Sámi, 41, 65, 74,109,118, 128,137-38,165,178 collectivization, forced, 87,189,192. See also Amalgamation, the; relocation, forced colonial, 7-11,14,17, 33-4,110,112, 115, 117-20,135-36, 174-75, 220-25, 228, 238 colonialism, 5, 8, 9,14, 33,110, 119-21,174-75, 222, 224. See also settler colonialism colonization, xv, 1, 2, 4, 7-9,11, 30-3, 65, 84, 85,108,110,118, 174 Committee of the North (USSR), 189 Conservative Party (Norway), 180, 181 cooperation agreements (municipalSámediggi), 135,164,173,174, 181 Coordination Council (Russia), 199200. See also Northern Peoples’ Center Copenhagen, 172,183 Corrigan, Phillip, 225 deCosta, Ravi, 6 Council of Representatives of the Native, Small-Numbered Peoples under the Government of Murmansk Region (Russia), 38, 200, 202. See also Northern Peoples’ Center; Sámediggi: movement for a Russian Crimean War, 84 critical race theory, 231, 236 culture and complexity, xiii, 108-9,114, 117,119,133-35,150 and creativity, xv, 114,141-42 and hierarchies, 13, 89,109,112 čuoldin, x, 185. See also duodji D Dálwadis, 71, 80, 261. See also Jåhkåmåhkke; Jokkmokk Dankertsen, Astri, 121 Davis, Megan, 228 Dawi Nuorra, 163,166, 204 Dearna, 263. See also Deämná; Tämaby Deämná, 263. See also Dearna; Tärnaby definitions of Indigenousness. See under Indigenousness demography, 1, 3, 5, 20, 24, 45, 54, 59, 76-7, 85, 90, 189, 191, 202, 204, 221, 225-28, 246, 248, 253
Indigenous, 221, 225, 227-28 of the Sami, methodological issues, 55-61 statistical invisibility, 85, 88 Denmark(-Norway), 33, 47, 63, 67, 69, 83 Dennison, Jean, 175-76 Denver, 239 Detroit, 239 Dielddanuorri, 263. See also Tjeldsund discourse, xii, 7,11,16,110-11,114, 116, 118, 141, 172, 174, 180, 220-21, 229, 232-33 discrimination, ix, 4,11,13,18-9, 30-1, 34-5, 57, 74, 111, 121, 123, 130, 151-52, 154, 226, 253-54. See also anti-Sámism; assimilation; racism domestic diaspora, 79, 81,115,125, 160,171 Duoddara Ráfe, 182 duodji, 128,156,165,172,179,181, 193. See also čuoldin; gákti Duortmis, 42, 71, 72, 73. See also Tornio E Eanodat, 56, 260. See also Enontekiö Ecuador, 237, 239 EDL, 180, 207. See also anti-Sámism; assimilation; discrimination; passing; policing; racism
270 I Index education, 3,18, 62-4, 66, 67, 69, 72-5, 78, 85, 89, 90,108, 110, 114,115,135,142,148, 152, 159,187-90,198, 201, 224, 228, 230 in Sámi. See Sámi school services Eidheim, Harald, 113 Enontekiö, 56, 260. See also Eanodat ethics, 2, 9,15,18-9, 40 ethnicity, 1, 2, 5-6,10,15,17, 24, 31-4, 36, 39, 44-5, 47, 55-7, 60-1, 74-5, 87, 89-90,113,11517, 119-21,136,143,151-53, 156,161,180,192-93, 196-97, 199, 206-7, 222, 228, 237, 246, 250-56 eugenic policies, 8 Eurasia, 228 Europe, vii, 8-10,12-3, 23, 31-3, 35, 42, 45, 47,150, 182, 219, 257 evacuation, forced, 75. See also the Burning of Finnmark; relocation, forced; scorched earth tactics Evenášši, 260. See also Evenes Evenes, 260. See also Evenášši F Facebook, 132,154,163,167-69, 235 Faepmie, 260. See also Fatmomakke Fálesnuorri, 23, 261. See also Kvalsund (district) Fatmomakke, 260. See also Faepmie festivals, ix, xi, 123,126,134,138, 140,183,197, 257 farming, 117, 224 Fiľman Sámi, 142 Finland, vii, viii, xiv, 2, 31, 33-5, 37, 39-44, 46, 47, 56, 58-60, 62, 71, 72, 75-7, 81-4, 86, 90-3,109, 116-17,131,141,187-88, 206, 230, 250-51, 256, 260 Finmárku, 23, 31, 57, 63-8, 72, 75-6, 113,119,121-3, 126, 137, 205, 250, 260. See also Finnmark Finn meaning Finnish, 31, 47, 55. See also Kvens meaning Sámi, 47, 55 Finnmark, viii, xii, 23, 31, 57, 63-8, 72, 75, 76,113,119,121-23, 126,137-205, 250, 260. See also Finmárku Coast, 113,136 East, 157 Inner, 67,126,138, 205 West, 137 Finmárku, viii, xii, 23, 31, 57, 63-8, 72, 75-6,113,119,121-3,126, 137-205, 250, 260. See also Finnmark Finnmark University College, 67,160 Finnmork, 31, 43 First
Nations, 239 fishing, 36, 88,116-18,122,136,224, 247 Fjellstrøm, Anna-Maria, 81 Fokstad, Per, 158,161 Friendship Centres, 236 G Gáivuotna, 88,109,134,138,173, 177, 261. See also Kåfjord Gáisi, 178,198, 250 giellaguovddáš. See Sámi Language Center: in Tromsø gákti, ix, xi, 74,123-24,128,138-9, 143,151,165,186. See also duodji Gällivare, 42, 71, 80, 81, 91, 260. See also Váhtjer generation, 10, 21, 35, 60, 74-5, 92, 109,119,123,129,137,147, 149,151,153,156, 234, 246 genocide, 9 George, Pamela, 236 Germanic, 32 Giemajávri, 73. See also Kemijärvi Giepma, 73, 261. See also Kemi Gihttel, 56, 261. See also Kittilä Giron, ix, 42, 65, 70, 72, 78, 80, 81, 91,124. See also Kiruna Gjerpe, Kajsa Kemi, xv, 111-112 GOBU, the. See Northern Peoples’ Center governance, 2, 6,11-13, 22-3, 34, 36-8,147,150,161,168,
Index I 271 173-74,177-78,184,194,196, 198-99, 201, 220, 246 Indigenous, 2,12,173-74,177, 184, 247 Grand Duchy of Finland, 72 Great Plains, 78 Guevteli Saemieh. See NSR: Røros area chapter Gullestad, Marianne, 127 Guovdageaidnu, xii, 17, 67, 79,109, 138,160,171,173,194, 205, 250, 261. See also Kautokeino H handicrafts. See duodji Háhpárándi, 42, 71. See dso Haparanda Hall, Stuart, 13,114,142, 231, 232, 239 Hámmárfeasta, 42, 67, 73, 79, 80, 91, 138, 261. See also Hammerfest Hammerfest, 42, 67, 73, 79-91,138, 261, chapter 1 Hansen, Lars Ivar, 55 Haparanda, 42, 71 harassment, 180 Härnösand, 70, 261. See also ffiernesaande Harstad, 62, 66, 261. See also Hárstták Hárstták, 62, 66,261. See also Harstad Helsinki, 42, 77, 82, 91. See also Helsset Helsset, 42, 77, 82, 91. See also Helsinki Herzen University, 89,188, 190 ffiernesaande, 70, 261. See also Härnösand Hom, Philipp, 222 Hovland, Axüd, 109 Hudson, Christine, 252 hunting, ix, 118,122,133,136, 247 hypermobility, 108, 115, 124-27, 141, 234-35, 237, 241, 249 immigration, 47, 66-7, 85, 201, 206 Inari, 40, 41, 56, 73, 261 Inari Sámi, 40-1, 73, 260 Indigeneity, 2, 5,11,13, 111, 141, 147, 220-25, 228-29, 231, 233- 35, 238-39, 246 Indigenous identity, 8,107,111-14,125,141, 234-35, 238 invisibility, 11, 85,122,164,173, 250-52 livelihoods, vii, 3, 38, 40, 43, 89, 189, 192, 247, 249 policy, 8, 34, 87, 111, 148,174, 188-89, 236 politics, 38 recognition of the Sámi as, 39-40 rights, 7, 37, 222, 246. See also ILO; United Nations: Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) ruralization, 111, 116,188-89,194 space, 7,18,
21,148-50,154-56, 157, 162,172-75,192,195,198, 203-4, 236, 237, 253-4. See also Urban Indigenous: space toponyms. See toponyms Indigenousness, 1, 3, 5-9,11,13, 30, 111, 116,147,155,179 objective criteria for, xiii, 7. See also Sámediggi: Electoral Registry subjective criteria for, xiii, 6. See also Sámediggi: Electoral Registry industrialization, 36, 63, 65, 67, 69-73, 85-7, 93,189, 230 insider and outsider perspectives, 15-6 Iron Age, 32 Iron Curtain, 190 Islamophobia, 152 Ivalo, 73, 260. See also Aweel; Awil; Â’wel Ižma Komi. See Komi I ILO 169, 5, 39 immigrants, 55,174,180-81,192, 195,206 J Jåhkåmåhkke, 71, 80, 261. See also Dálwadis; Jokkmokk
272 I Index Jakovleva, Roza, 190 Jämtland, 41, 70-2, 81, 261. See also Ji'emhte Jïemhte, 41, 70, 71, 72, 81, 261. See also Jämtland Jokanga, 86, 261 Jokkmokk, 71, 80, 261. See also Dálwadis; Jåhkåmåhkke Jona, 88,193, 261 Joņņ syjjt. See Jona Jowkui. See Jokanga К Kåfjord, ix, 88,109,134,138,173, 177, 261. See also Gáivuotna Kandalakša, 83, 85-6, 261. See also Kánntlúht Kánntlúht, 83, 85-6, 261. See also Kandalakša Kárášjohka, 67, 79,160,171,194, 205, 261. See also Karasjok Karasjok, 67, 79,160,171,194, 205, 261. See also Kárášjohka Karelia, 84 Kathmandu, 4 Kautokeino, xii, 17, 67, 79,109,138, 160,171,173,194, 205, 250, 261. See also Guovdageaidnu Kern’, 84 Kemi, 73, 261. See also Giepma Kemijärvi, 73,261. See also Giemajávri Kemi Sámi, 40-1, 260 Kildin Sámi, 21, 40, 42,189, 260 kindergarten. See Sámi: kindergarten Kirana, ix, 42, 65, 70, 72, 78, 80-1, 91,124, 261. See also Giron Kittilä, 56, 261. See also Gihttel Khvorostukhina, Anastasija, 190 KMNS. See small-numbered peoples of the North Kola Fjord, 83, 261. See also Kúlľvúnn’ Komi. See Komi Lappish District, 84 Peninsula, 31, 83, 89,187-88, 190,195,197, 261. See also Kuèllnegknjoarrk; Murmansk: Region, a province of Russia River, 83, 261. See also Kúlľjógk Sámi Association. See AKS Town, 83-6 Kolkhoz, 87 Komi, 39, 84, 89,188,196-97 Konstantinov, Yulian, 86,197 Kovdor, 43, 86, 88,193 Kramvig, Britt, 109,118-19,121 Krasne syjjt, 88. See also Krasnoščeľye Krasnoščeľye, 88. See also Krasne syjjt Kuèllnegknjoarrk, Peninsula, 31, 83, 89,187-88,190,195,197, 261. See also Kola: Peninsula Sám’ Sobbar, 38,187,191, 200. See also
Sámediggi: movement for a Russian Kuellnegkvúnn, 83, 261. See also Kola: Fjord Kúlľjógk, 83, 261. See also Kola: River Kúlľvúnn’ 83, 261. See also Kola: Fjord Kukutai, Tahu, 135, 225 Kuokkanen, Rauna, 13,17,110,112, 251-52 Kuusamo, 47 Kvalsund (district), 23, 261. See also Fálesnuorri Kvalsund (hamlet), 261. See also Ráhkkerávju Kvænangen, 139,143,158, 261. See also Návuotna Kvens, x, 47, 67,121,142,164-67, 197. See also Finn the Kven immigration, 47, 67, 206 as contemporary ethnic group, 121, 142,164-65,167, 206 L Labor Movement, 187, 207 Party, 161-62,166,171,187, 207 Lade, x, xiv, 18, 42, 63-6, 70, 76, 79, 91, 93,107,121,132, 150,154, 158-9,160,162-63,167-70, 182-83, 206, 248, 263. See also Nidaros; Tråante; Trondheim Ladoga, 31
Index I 273 Láhppi, xii, 23,139,143, 262. See also Loppa Lakselvbukt, 178-79,181, 261. See also Moskaluokta language area. See Sámi: Language Administrative Areas language center. See Sami Language Center Länsman, Anne, 82 Larsen, Anders, 74,158,161 Lapland contemporary landscape of Sweden, 31, 71-3,129 Govemorate (Laplandskaja gubernija), 85 historical province of Sweden, 31, 43, 71-3 Region, province in Finland, 31, 41, 43, 56, 71-3, 75 University, xiii, 81 War, 75. See also World War II Lapp, 31, 34, 58, 60, 83-4,153,158 Codicille, 33 “Lapp shall be Lapp” policy, 34 Lappish Central Association, 158 Laula Renberg, Elsa, x, 158-59,169 Lávželuokta, 67, 262. See also Rypefjord Leem, Knud, 65 Levanger, 64, 261. See also Lievenge Lievenge, 64, 261. See also Levanger Lindgren, Anna-Riitta, 81 Lofoten, viii, 65, 68, 262. See also Lofuohtta; Vähki Lofuohtta, viii, 65, 68, 262. See also Lofoten; Vähki Loparaskaja, 197 Loppa, xii, 23,139,143, 262. See also Láhppi Lopskaja Zemlja, 84. See also Kola: Peninsula; Russian Sápmi Los Angeles, 239 Left Party, 180, 207 Leningrad. See St. Petersburg LGBTQ+, ix, 124,131,137. See also queering sápmi; Sámi: pride flag Liksjoe, 71, 262. See also Likssjuo; Lycksele Likssjuo, 71, 262. See also Liksjoe; Lycksele Loppa, xii, 139, chapter З Lovozero, xi, 43, 86, 88-90,188-89, 191.193-94,197-98, 200, 204. See also Lujaw’r Lujaw’r, xi, 43, 86, 88-90,188-89, 191.193-4,197-98, 200, 204. See also Lovozero Luleå, 42, 71, 76, 81, 91, 93, 262. See also Luleju Luleå University of Technology, 71 Luleju, 42, 71, 76, 81, 91, 93, 262. See also Luleå Lule Sámi,
40-2, 58, 64-5, 93,131, 135,139-40,167-68,182, 260 Lund, Svein, 152 Lycksele, 71, 262. See also Liksjoe; Likssjuo M Måahvie, 65, 262. See also Mo і Rana Maajehjaevrie, 158, 262. See also Majavatn Majavatn, 158, 262. See also Maajehjaevrie Málmmavárre, 71, 262. See also Malmberget Malmberget, 71, 262. See also Málmmavárre Manndalen, ix, 134, 262. See also Olmmáivággi Maori, 14,135, 224-25, 227, 237 Mapuche, 240 Marae, 237 marginalization, 1, 5,15-8, 84, 109-10,119,135,137,154. See also assimilation; discrimination; racism master race, 10, 34. See also racism Máttá-Váijjat, 80. See also Sør-Varanger McClintock, Anne, 112 methodology, 2, 9,14-20, 35, 55, 80, 107-8, 227 Middle Ages, viii, 31-3, 61, 65, 68, 91,179 Mii, 82
274 I Index military, vii, 43, 61, 66-7, 71, 85-6, 179,188, 223 Milwaukee, 239 mining, 36, 64-5, 67, 69, 71-2, 86, 91,189 Minneapolis, 239 missionary activity. See Christianization Mo і Rana, 65, 262. See also Måahvie monasteries, 83 Mončegorsk, 42, 86, 89,189,192-94, 198-99, 203, 262. See also Mončetuntur Mončetuntur, 42, 86, 89,189, 192-94,198-99, 203, 262. See also Mončegorsk Moreton-Robinson, Meen, 9 Mortenson, Daniel, 158 Moscow, 87,189 Mosjøen, x, 65,159. See also Mussere Moskaluokta, 178-79,181, 261. See also Lakselvbukt Moskavuotna, ix, 123,178, 263. See also Ullsfjord; Vuovlevuotna Mozolevskaja, Anastasija, 190 multiculturalism, 4, 64,109,113-14, 116,150,165 multilocal, 125, 249 multilingualism, 254 Murman Coast, 83-5 Colonist District, 84 Lánn’. See also Murmansk: City Romanov-na-Murmane, 85 Murmansk Arctic State University, 85 City, 24, 64, 42, 85-7, 89, 91,153֊ 54,189-95,197, 198, 203-5, 248, 262 Region, a province of Russia, 38, 41, 43, 86, 87, 90, 94, 190-2, 195,196,199-200, 202-4 Regional Museum of Local Folklore, 198 Muscowy. See Russian: Tsardom Mussere, x, 65,159. See also Mosjøen N Napoleonic Wars, 63 Narvik, 62, 65, 75,152, 262. See also Áhkanjárga Nazi Germany, 75, 226 national cultural autonomy (NCA), 192-95, 198,199, 203-4 Cultural Center, xi, 194,198, 200 nationalism, 34,110 nation state, 220, 223 native hubs, 234, 237 Návuotna, 139,143,158, 261. See also Kvænangen Nenets, 289 Nepal, 4 Nesseby, 177, 262. See also Unjárga Newar, 4 New Zealand, 3, 24,135, 224-25, 237, 239 NGOs, 12, 37-9, 82,139,147-50, 155-69,170-1,177-81, 183,184,191-95,197,199, 201,
202, 248, 255. See also partisanization; politicization; specialization NIBR Institute for Urban and Regional Research, xiii Niekui, Karl, 56 Nidaros, x, xiv, 18, 42, 63-6, 70, 76, 79, 91, 93,107,121,132,150, 154,158-59,160,162-63,16770,182,183, 206, 248, 263. See also Lade; Tråante; Trondheim nodality, 66,168-69,172,183,185, 198,204-5 Noereh, ix, 120, 124,139-41,143, 166,171, 184, 204 Novgorod Republic, 66-7, 83 Nordic Sámi Council. See Sámi: Council Nordic Sámi policy, 37 Nordic Sápmi. See Sápmi Nord-Trøndelag, 76, 93, 206, 207. See also Trøndelag Nord University, xiii, 64-5, 93,135, 139,168 Norrbotten, 71-2, 81
Index I 275 North Calotte Conventions, 190 Calotte People (party), 165-66 Norway, 63, 66, 75, 78,160,166, 197 Sámi, 16, 34, 37, 40-2, 64-5, 745, 126,139, 142, 182, 260 Northern Peoples’ Center (“the GOBU”), 195-200, 203-4 Norris, Mary Jane, 4 Northern Europe, vii, viii, 10, 23, 31-2, 35, 42, 45, 47,150, 257 Norwegianization policy, 34,117, 121.123.137.140, 206. See also assimilation Norwegian Research Council, xiii, 16-7, 93 Norwegians, 11, 32, 55, 66,112,121, 131,151-52,162,175, 206 Norwegian Sámi Council, 57, 93 Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 64 Norse, 64-5 NSR, 130,160-73,177-78,181,183, 191,198, 201-2, 207 Alta chapter (Alttá Sámi Searvi), 160,164-66,171,177, 198 Berge chapter, 170 Bodø chapter, 167 Deatnu chapter, 160 Guovdageaidnu chapter, 160 Haugalandet chapter, 171 Kárášjohka chapter, 160 Lake Mjøsa area chapter, 171 Lakselvbukt chapter, 178-79 Møre and Romsdal chapter, 171 Oslo chapter (Oslo Sámi Searvi), 160,170-73,183 Porsáijgu chapter, 160 Røros area chapter (Guevteli saemieh), 169 Salten chapter (Sálto sámesiebbre), 139.140, 167-68, 207 Tromsø chapter, 160,166-67,178, 181 Trøndelag and Hedmark chapter, 168-69 Trondheim area chapter, 169 NUORGÁV project, xiii, xiv, 2, 8,14, 16-7, 21, 143,149-50, 207 Nyseth, Torill, 124,125, 180, 249 О obščina, 192-94,197,199-200 Ofelaččat. See Sámi: Pathfinders Ohcejohka, 56, 263. See also Utsjoki Øksfjord, 138,143, 262. See also Ákšovuotna Olenegorsk, 86,197, 262. See also Púdze vårr’ Olmmáivággi, ix, 134, 262. See also Manndalen Olsen, Kjell, 113,121, 250 Onega, 31 OOSMO, Public Organization of the
Sámi in Murmansk Region, 90, 191-95,198-201, 204 openly Sámi. See visible: Sáminess Örnsköldsvik, 70, 262. See also Onestare Orrestaare, 70, 262. See also Örnsköldsvik Orthodox, 83 Osage, 175 Oslo, 91,107,120,121,124-25, 130-31, 133, 135, 139-41, 143, 158-60,162-63,167,170-72, 174,183-87,195,198, 201-2, 204, 204, 207, 257, 262. See also Oslove Metropolitan University, xiii Sámi House. See Sámi House: in Oslo Sámi Searvi. See NSR: Oslo chapter Oslove, 91,107,120,121,124-25, 130-31,133, 135, 139-41, 143, 158-60,162-63,167, 170-72, 174,183-87,195,198, 201-2, 204, 204, 207, 257, 262. See also Oslo Noereh, ix, 124,140,171,184 Östersund, 42, 70, 72,158, 262. See also Staare Ostrovnoj, 86. See also Jokanga; Varzino
276 I Index Oulu, 42, 82, 91 Sámit, 82 out-of-placeness, xv, 11, 111, 113, 118,122,125,141,147,151, 231-33, 236, 238, 249 P Pacific, the, 228 Paieo-European languages, 32 pan-Sámi, 46,113,116 pan-tribal, 156. See also big-tent partisanization, 12,147-50,155-57, 160-64,166,192, 203-4, 206, 254 passing, 10, 74,151,153,164,174, 236. See also policing; visible: Sáminess paternalism, 34,153 Peäccam, 43, 83, 86, 262. See also Pečenga Pečenga. See also Peäccam Pedersen, Paul, 78, 80,124,180, 249 Pedersen, Steinar, 148,162 perestroika, 35,190 Peters, Evelyn, 24, 78, 111, 229 Pettersen, Torunn, 80, 248 Petrograd. See St. Petersburg Piteå, 71, 260. See also Bihtám Pite Sámi, 40-2, 65, 93,139,168, 182, 260 Plaassje, 64,158,168-69,183, 262. See also Røros Places of Traditional Inhabitance and Traditional Economic Activities, 44 policing, 164. See also discrimination; passing; racism; visible: Sáminess politicization, 11,148,150,155-57, 160-61,164,179, 192,193, 203, 206, 254 Pomor population, 189 trade, 63 Ponoj District, 84 Porsanger, 160,173,177, 262. See also Porsággu Porsanger, Anders, 64 Porsáqgu, 160,173,177, 262. See also Porsanger post-colonial, 220 post-Soviet, 85, 87,190, 207 private business, 12,148,155,173 Program for Sámi Research, xiii Progress Party, 180 Púdze várr’, 86,197, 262. See also Olenegorsk Push-pull effect, 3-5, 83, 90, 111, 224, 229, 230, 237 Q Quechua, 233 queer, 131,137. See also LGBTQ+; queering Sápmi queering Sápmi, 131. See also LGBTQ+; queer R racialization, 2,10-11,153, 236 racism, 2, 4, 9-11,13,19, 24, 34, 35, 55, 74,120-21,130,151-53, 174, 236, 251-52
“scientific,” race biology research, 9-10, 34-45. See also social Darwinism Ráhkkeráyju, 261. See also Kvalsund (hamlet) “railway belt,” 86,188,194,197. See also Kola: Peninsula Red Party (Norway), 207 Red Power movement, 237 Reiersen, Jan Einar, 73 reindeer herding, 34, 43, 56, 64, 84, 88, 93-4, 109, 111-12,116-19, 122,126,131,136-39,142,143, 158,192, 206, 207, 220, 231, 247, 254 relocation, forced, 75, 88,116,134, 189. See also the Amalgamation, the; Burning of Finnmark Renberg, Elsa Laula. See Laula Renberg, Elsa representation, xiii, 12,17,18, 31, 35, 37, 38, 43, 56, 59-60, 70, 92, 157,161-62, 168, 170, 171,
Index I 277 176-79,181-82,184-85, 187, 191-92,196,198-200, 202-3, 207, 232, 245, 250, 255. See also NGOs; Sámediggi resistance, 7, 8,10-1, 75,118,174, 176, 236, 238 returnees to Indigenousness, 7, 75. See also revitalization Revda, 86,192,194 revitalization, 34-5, 41, 44, 75,109, 116,137,139, 173, 190, 202, 248, 256 Roawenjárga, 42, 73, 82, 91, 251, 262. See also Rovaniemi Romsa, viii-x, 42, 55, 57, 63, 66-8, 76, 78-80, 85, 91, 93,107, 12324,126,128,131-32,139, 140, 158, 160,162-63,166-68,171, 174,178-82,194,198, 250-52, 263. See also Tromsø Romssa Sámi Searvi. See NSR: Tromsø chapter Røros, 64,158,168-69,183, 262. See also Plaassje Rovaniemi, 42, 73, 82, 91, 251, 262. See also Roawenárga Runášši, 66, 263. See also Trendenes rurality, 7,11, 55, 111, 112,117-18, 141,147,189, 232, 246, 252. See also Indigenous: ruralization; rural-urban balance or conflict ruralization. See Indigenous: ruralization rural-urban balance or conflict, 160, 176, 190, 199, 205, 246-50 Russian Empire, 72-3, 84,187 Revolution of 1917, 34, 72, 85, 188, 199 Sámi Parliament. See Sámediggi: movement for a Russian Tsardom, 83-4 Russians, 32, 36, 39,153 russkie (ethnic Russians), 36 Rypefjord, 67, 262. See also Lávželuokta S Saba, Isak, 158,161 Saemien Sijjie Tråante (renamed Tråanten Saemien Dåehkie in 2021), 169, 183 Studeenth Oslovisnie, 171 Studeenth Tråantesne, 8,18,16970 Saghe, Jo, 248 Sáhráhkká, 191 Salto bihtesamiid searvi, 168 Salto sámesiebrre. See NSR: Salten chapter Sám’ Núraš, 193,194,198, 204, 208 sobbar, 38,187,191, 200 Sámediggi, 18, 33, 37, 44, 47, 56, 58-60, 67, 70-3, 78-81, 90, 93,
116,135,137-38,157,161-65, 168.171.173-74, 178-79, 18185,191, 193,198-200, 203-4, 206-7, 249-50, 255 electoral constituencies, 41, 43, 44, 47, 79, 178, 196, 207, 250 Electoral Registry, 37, 56, 58-60, 78, 80, 90, 92,116,180,181, 207, 250 in Finland, 37, 73, 78, 90, 92-3,116 movement for a Russian, 38, 60, 187,191-93,198, 200-1, 203-4 in Norway, 18, 37, 44, 47, 58, 67, 81, 93,135,157,161-65,168, 171.173- 74,178-79,181-85, 198, 203, 206-7, 249-50, 255 in Sweden, 37, 60, 70, 72, 81 Sámi Council, 56-7, 93,195 Culture Club, 268 culture house, ix, 69,150,172, 177, 179,182-84,194,196-98, 203, 236. See also Sámi House Domicile, viii, 43-4, 56, 58, 73, 81-2,116 flag, ix, 124 Fund for Heritage and Development, 193
278 I Index Fund of Nature, 193 homeland. See Sápmi. See also Sámi: Domicile kindergarten, ix, 120,133,135, 137,139,149, 154,163,165, 168, 177, 184, 206-7, 253 Language Administrative Areas, viii, 47, 59, 72, 77,173,180 melancholia, 175 National Day, 128,132-33,155, 172,197 parents’ networks, 23,149,163, 166-69,171-72,178,181, 204, 207 Parlameanta (Sámi Delegation), 37, 60,92 parliaments. See Sámediggi Pathfinders, viii, 170 People’s Party (SáB), 171,183 pride flag, ix, 124 Reindeer Herders’ Association of Norway (NBR/NRL), 158 religion, 9, 33,108 school services, 122,126-29, 139-40,149,163,172,184, 207 Searvi (Oslo), 159-60. See also NSR Social Democratic Forum (Oslo), 171,183 Studeanttaid Searvi Romssas, 132, 166.179 Studeanttasearvi Dawi-Norggas, 166.174.179 spaces, 12,18,129,143,149-50, 154-56,162,164,167-69,175, 183, 193, 203-4, 248, 253-56 “-speakers” and “non-speakers,” 41, 58,100,122, 126,130, 138, 140, 164-65, 177-78, 247, 253-54 subgroups, 16, 41,137,168,172 toponyms. See toponyms University of Applied Sciences, x, 17, 67,170,173 youth organizing. See Áyjovám: Noereh; Dawi Nuorra; Noereh; Oslove: Noereh; Sám’: Núraš Sámi House, 172-73, 251 in Alta. See Alttá: Süda in Bodø. See Sámi Language Center: in Bodø inspired by House of Greenland, 172,183 in Oslo, 9-10,140,142,172, 183-85, 195,198, 207 in Tromsø, 179-81, 251 in Trondheim, 182-83 Sami Language Center, 172,173, 175-76,198, 202-3 in Alta, 138,176-78,198 in Bodø, 135,139,181,182, 207 in Kåfjord, 177 in Nesseby, 177 in Oslo, 183-87 in Porsanger, 177 in Røros, 183 in Stuornjárga, 177 in Tana, 177 in Tromsø, viii,
68,178-81,198 in Trondheim, 182 in lysijord, 177 inspired by Wales, 173 Sáminess, vii, xv, 11, 40, 57, 77, 92, 116,118,124,126,142,151-52, 154-55,164-65,174-77, 207, 231, 233, 250-53, 255 Samisk Arena Trondheim, 169,171 Sámit lulde, 171 San Francisco, 239 Sápmi borders of, 41, 43,47 Finnish, 40, 46, 72, 91,116 Nordic, 20, 61, 82, 84, 91, 201 Norwegian, 46, 62-3, 70, 76, 78, 85,159,185,190,194, 204 Russian, 20, 38, 42-3, 46, 82-9, 91, 116,142,187-90,192-95,199, 203-5, 208 Swedish, ix, 46, 69-71, 76, 79, 91, 93,117 South, 41, 43-4, 47, 63, 70, 72, 76, 79, 91, 93,117,158,169, 172, 183, 248 Sára Project, 81-2 Sayer, Derek, 226 Scandinavia, xiv, 10, 31, 32, 75,142, 226
Index I 279 “scientific” racism. See discrimination; racism scorched earth tactics, 75. See also Burning of Finnmark Seattle, 239 Seglvik, 158. See also Silvetnjárga self-determination, 6,188 self-governance, 6, 34, 37,174 Selivanov, Vasilij, 190 Seminarium Lapponicum, 64, 66 Seminarium Scholasticum, 64 Semjaškin, Sergej, 190 SER. See Sámediggi: Electoral Registry SeSam, Center for Sámi Studies, 66 settler colonialism, 9,11, 84,110, 115,118,120-21,174-75 Severomorsk, 86 SFF, 178-9,181 shame, 10,113,121,137,138,151. See also passing; policing siella, 10-1,186. See also duodji süda, 32, 87, 93,137,177,198 Silvetnjárga, 158. See also Seglvik Sjädtavallie, 70, 263. See also Sundsvall Skánit, 263. See also Skånland Skånland, 263. See also Skánit Skansen, vii, 68,179-81 Skellefteå, 42, 71, 81, 91, 93,163. See also Skillehte Skillehte, 42, 71, 81, 91, 93,163. See also Skellefteå Sköld, Peter, 5 Skolt Sámi, 22, 40-1, 64, 73,142, 260 Slavic, 32, 83 SLF, 161,178 small-numbered peoples of the North (KMNS), 37, 39, 196,197, 200 Smith, Linda Tuhiwai, 14,17 Soadegilli, 56,263. See also Sodankylä Sobbar, 38,187,191, 200 social Darwinism. See also antiSámism; discrimination; racism Socialist Left Party, 207 social media, 19,108,119,132,139, 154-55,163, 235, 249. See also Facebook Sodankylä, 56,263. See also Soadegilli Sokolovskij, Sergej, 7 Sørlie, Kjetil, 77-8 Sortland, 65, 263. See also Suortá Sør-Trøndelag, 76, 93, 206, 207. See also Trøndelag Sør-Varanger, 80. See also Máttá-Várjjat Soviet Indigenous “spring,” 34, 87, 188 Soviet Union, 3, 35, 38, 87 Sovkhoz, 88,193 South Norway,
79,170,171, 205 South Sámi, 40-2, 58, 64,168, 182-83,193, 207, 260. See also Sápmi: South Spållavuolle viii, 65, 68, 263. See also Svolvær specialization, 11, 21,147-49, 155-57,162,192,193, 203, 206, 254 SSSR. See Sámi: Studeanttaid Searvi Romssas; Soviet Union St. Petersburg, 43, 85, 89-90,188, 190, 201 Staare, 42, 70, 72, 89,158,188,190, 262. See also Östersund Stalinism, 34, 289 statistics, vii, 44, 46, 55, 57-9, 60-1, 70, 76-7, 80, 85, 88-9, 91,135, 225-30, 231, 238. See also demography Statistics Norway, 55, 57, 76 Statistics Sweden, 70 Steinkjer, 64, 263. See also Stientjie stereotypes, xiii, 9-11,13, 89, 111-12,117-18,151-53, 220, 233, 246, 251-53 Stientjie, 64, 264. See also Steinkjer STN-area, viii, 44, 58, 77 Stockholbma, viii, 42, 44, 69, 77, 81, 91, 93,107,126,129, 135, 137, 158. See also Stockholm Stockholm, viii, 42, 44, 69, 77, 81, 91, 93,107,126,129,135,137,158. See also Stockholbma Stordahl, Vigdis, 17
280 I Index Stormen. See Sámi Language Center: in Bodø subethnic, 20,162. See also Sámi: subgroups Sundsvall, 70, 263. See also Sjädtavallie Suoma Sámiid Guovddášsearvi, 82 Suoitá, 65, 263. See also Sortland Suttes, 71, 260. See also Boden Svahken sijte, xi, 257 Sverresborg Folk Museum, 183, 207 Svolvær, viii, 65, 68, 263. See also Spållavuolle Swedes, 32 Syöoldete, 42, 71, 81, 91, 93,163. See also Skellefteå T Tämaby, 263. See also Dearna; Deärnná Tauli-Corpuz, Victoria, 226-7 taxation zones in the Middle Ages, 32, 33, 44, 83 Ter Coast, 83 Ter Sámi, 40, 260 Thrush, Coll, 220 Tjeldsund, 263. See also Dielddanuorri Tornio, 42, 71, 72, 73. See also Duortnus Tråante, x, xiv, 18, 42, 63-6, 70, 76, 79, 91, 93,107,121,132,150, 154, 158-59,160, 162-63, 16770, 182,183, 206, 248, 263. See also Lade; Nidaros; Trondheim Tråante 1917, x, 160,169,182, 183 Tråante2017, x, xiv, 170,182,183 Tråanten Dajven Saemien Siebrie. See NSR: Trondheim chaphter Tråanten Saemien Dåehkie. See Saemien: Sijjie Tråante traditional economic activities. See Indigenous: livelihoods Troms, viii, 57, 63-7, 75-6, 172,179, 263. See also Tromsa Troms a, viii, 57, 63-7, 75-6,172, 179, 263. See also Troms Tromsø, 42, 55, 57, 63, 66-8, 76, 78-80, 85, 91, 93,107,123-24, 126, 128,131-32,139-40,158, 160,162-63,166-68,171,174, 178-82,194,198, 250-52, 263. See also Romsa Tromsø Teachers’ College Trøndelag, viii, 63-5, 70, 75-6, 93, 168-69, 206-7, 263 Trendenes, 66, 263. See also Runášši Trondheim, x, xiv, 18, 42, 63-6, 70, 76, 79, 91, 93,107,121,132, 150,154,158-59,160,162-63, 167-70, 182-83, 206, 248, 263. See also
Lade; Nidaros; Tråante toponyms, x, 21, 31, 41-2, 47, 55, 62, 65, 72, 83, 86,167,182, 260-63 Tuliem, 88, 263. See also Tuloma Tuloma, 88, 263. See also Tuliem Ubmeje, ix, 42, 69-70, 76, 80-1, 88, 91, 93, 107,134,136-37,139, 252, 263. See also Umeå Ucce, Peder Larsen, 158 UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 65-7,138,166 ukrupnenie. See Amalgamation, the Ullsfjord, ix, 123,178, 263. See also Moskavuotna; Vuovlevuotna Umba, 83, 85, 263. See also Umm’p umbrella organization, 56, 82,157, 160,183, 203, 255 Umeå, ix, 42, 69-70, 76, 80-1, 88, 91, 93, 107, 134,136-37,139, 252, 263. See also Ubmeje; Upmeje Urne Sámi, ix, 40, 42, 69-70, 260 Umm’p, 83, 85, 263. See also Umba United Nations, 39, 219, 227, 231 Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), 227-8 Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 39 -Habitat, 227, 229, 233 Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 226
Index I 281 Working Group on Indigenous Populations, 39 United States of America, 3, 10, 24, 78,174-74, 230, 236-37, 239 University of Lapland, xiii, 72-3 Unjárga, 177, 262. See also Nesseby Upmeje, ix, 42, 69-70, 76, 80-1, 88, 91, 93,107,134,136-37,139, 252, 263. See also Umeå Uralic, 32 urban Indigenous atomization, 154-55 culture houses, 147,155,172,195, 198, 233, 237. See also Sámi House; Sámi Language Center governance. See governance: Indigenous life, xv, 2-4,12, 30,149, 185, 247, organizations. See NGOs space, 7,18, 21,149,150,154-55, 157, 162, 172-75, 192, 195, 198, 203-4, 236-37,148, 253-54, 156. See also Indigenous: space urbanity, xiii, 1-4,11, 73, 77,112, 117, 133, 157, 194, 240, 245, 248 USSR. See Soviet Union Utsjoki, 56, 263. See also Ohcejohka V Vadsø, 63, 67, 80,158, 263. See also Čáhčesuolu Vågar, viii, 65, 68 Váhki, 65, 68, 262. See also Lofoten; Lofuohtta Váhtjer, 42, 71, 80, 81, 91, 260. See also Gällivare Várdduo, Center for Sámi Research, 70 Vardø, 67, 263. See also Várggát Vardøhus, 65 Várggát, 67, 263. See also Vardø Varzino, 86, 263. See also Ársjogk Varzuga, 83, 263. See also Vúr’se Västerbotten, 70-1, 76, 81 Västernorrland, 41, 70, 81 Vesterålen, 65, 263. See also Vester-allase; Viestterálas Vester-allase, 65, 263. See also Vesterålen; Viestterálas Vieljažiid Searvi, 157 Viestterálas, 65, 263. See also Vesterålen; Vester-allase Viking Age, 61 Vinogradova, Iraida, 190 visible Aboriginal presence, 236 Sáminess, 11,130,139,151, 154-55, 164, 174,180,185,195, 207. See also passing; policing voice, 16,19,129,148,156,162, 171, 191, 195, 107, 255
Vuovlevuotna, ix, 123,178, 263. See also Moskavuotna; Ullsfjord Vúr’se, 83, 263. See also Varzuga W Weaver, Hilary N., 107 Westen, Thomas von, 64 White Sea, 84 whiteness, 10-1,135,175, 220-21. See also passing; policing Willerslev, Rane, 98 Winsvold, Marte, 21 witch trials, 33. See also Christianization Wolfe, Patrick, 9,110,174 World Council of Indigenous Peoples, 39 World War I, 34, 85, 91 World War II, 34-5, 54-5, 60, 67, 75-6, 82, 86, 88, 90-1,109,157, 189, 222, 224-5, 227, 230 Y Yukaghirs, 89 Z Zavalko, Sergey, 61 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek' München |
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| author2 | Berg-Nordlie, Mikkel 1983- Dankertsen, Astri Winsvold, Marte |
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| contents | Indigenousness and Urbanization / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold -- The Sámi and Sápmi: The People and the Land / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie and Anna Andersen -- Cities in Sápmi, Sámi in the Cities: Indigenous Urbanization in the Nordic Countries and Russia / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie and Anna Andersen -- Young City Sámi in Norway and Sweden: Making Space for Urban Indigenous Identities / Astri Dankertsen -- Urban Indigenous Organizing and Institution-Building in Norway and Russia: By and For Whom? / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Anna Andersen, and Astri Dankertsen -- Sámi Urbanization in the Global Currents of Indigenous Urbanization / Chris Andersen -- An Urban Future for Sápmi? / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold |
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| spelling | An urban future for Sápmi? indigenous urbanization in the Nordic states and Russia edited by Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold Indigenous urbanization in the Nordic states and Russia New York ; Oxford Berghahn 2022 xvi, 281 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Studies in the Circumpolar North Volume 4 "Written as part of the research project NUORGÁV--An Urban Future for Sápmi"--Preface Indigenousness and Urbanization / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold -- The Sámi and Sápmi: The People and the Land / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie and Anna Andersen -- Cities in Sápmi, Sámi in the Cities: Indigenous Urbanization in the Nordic Countries and Russia / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie and Anna Andersen -- Young City Sámi in Norway and Sweden: Making Space for Urban Indigenous Identities / Astri Dankertsen -- Urban Indigenous Organizing and Institution-Building in Norway and Russia: By and For Whom? / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Anna Andersen, and Astri Dankertsen -- Sámi Urbanization in the Global Currents of Indigenous Urbanization / Chris Andersen -- An Urban Future for Sápmi? / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold "Presenting the political and cultural processes that occur within the indigenous Sámi people of North Europe as they undergo urbanization, this book examines how they have retained their sense of history and culture in this new setting. The book presents data and analysis on subjects such as indigenous urbanization history, urban indigenous identity issues, urban indigenous youth, and the governance of urban "spaces" for indigenous culture and community. The book is written by a team of researchers, mostly Sámi, from all the countries covered in the book"-- Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 gnd rswk-swf Samen Volk (DE-588)4074020-1 gnd rswk-swf Skandinavien (DE-588)4055209-3 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Sami (European people) / Scandinavia / Urban residence Sami (European people) / Scandinavia / Ethnic identity Sami (European people) / Scandinavia / Social conditions Sami (European people) / Russia (Federation) / Urban residence Sami (European people) / Russia (Federation) / Ethnic identity Sami (European people) / Russia (Federation) / Social conditions Scandinavia / Social conditions Sami (European people) / Ethnic identity Sami (European people) / Social conditions Social conditions Russia (Federation) Scandinavia (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Skandinavien (DE-588)4055209-3 g Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Samen Volk (DE-588)4074020-1 s Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 s DE-604 Berg-Nordlie, Mikkel 1983- (DE-588)1162446099 edt Dankertsen, Astri (DE-588)1255724358 edt Winsvold, Marte (DE-588)1255724528 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-80073-265-0 Studies in the Circumpolar North Volume 4 (DE-604)BV043947181 4 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033223609&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033223609&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | An urban future for Sápmi? indigenous urbanization in the Nordic states and Russia Studies in the Circumpolar North Indigenousness and Urbanization / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold -- The Sámi and Sápmi: The People and the Land / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie and Anna Andersen -- Cities in Sápmi, Sámi in the Cities: Indigenous Urbanization in the Nordic Countries and Russia / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie and Anna Andersen -- Young City Sámi in Norway and Sweden: Making Space for Urban Indigenous Identities / Astri Dankertsen -- Urban Indigenous Organizing and Institution-Building in Norway and Russia: By and For Whom? / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Anna Andersen, and Astri Dankertsen -- Sámi Urbanization in the Global Currents of Indigenous Urbanization / Chris Andersen -- An Urban Future for Sápmi? / Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 gnd Samen Volk (DE-588)4074020-1 gnd |
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| title | An urban future for Sápmi? indigenous urbanization in the Nordic states and Russia |
| title_alt | Indigenous urbanization in the Nordic states and Russia |
| title_auth | An urban future for Sápmi? indigenous urbanization in the Nordic states and Russia |
| title_exact_search | An urban future for Sápmi? indigenous urbanization in the Nordic states and Russia |
| title_exact_search_txtP | An urban future for Sápmi? indigenous urbanization in the Nordic states and Russia |
| title_full | An urban future for Sápmi? indigenous urbanization in the Nordic states and Russia edited by Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold |
| title_fullStr | An urban future for Sápmi? indigenous urbanization in the Nordic states and Russia edited by Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold |
| title_full_unstemmed | An urban future for Sápmi? indigenous urbanization in the Nordic states and Russia edited by Mikkel Berg-Nordlie, Astri Dankertsen, and Marte Winsvold |
| title_short | An urban future for Sápmi? |
| title_sort | an urban future for sapmi indigenous urbanization in the nordic states and russia |
| title_sub | indigenous urbanization in the Nordic states and Russia |
| topic | Verstädterung (DE-588)4063234-9 gnd Samen Volk (DE-588)4074020-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Verstädterung Samen Volk Skandinavien Russland Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033223609&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033223609&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV043947181 |
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