Jihad:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Oxford University Press
[2022]
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| Schriftenreihe: | What everyone needs to know©
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverzeichnis Seite [195]-198 |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 208 Seiten 21 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780190647322 9780190647315 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XI Introduction 1 1 Jihad in the Quran andCommentary Literature 9 What is the basic meaning ofjihad? ю How often does the word “jihad occur in the Quran? /7 Does the Quran refer to different forms ofjihad? 11 Does the Quran refer to the spiritual jihad? 12 What does jihad mean in the Meccan period? 13 Didjihad have a military meaning in the Meccan period? 16 What does jihad mean in the Medinan period? 17 Is only defensive fighting allowed in the Quran? Is jihad in the Quran holy war? 19 23 Can Muslims continue to fight when the enemy stops fighting and seeks peace? 24 Are the peaceful verses in the Quran abrogated by the “sword verse? 26 Are Christians and Jews singled out for fighting in the Quran? 29 Does the Quran tell Muslims not to be friends with Jews and Christians? 33 Does the Quran support offensive military activity to spread Islam ? 34
vi Contents Is the militaryjihad a permanent religious obligation in the Quran? What motivated the military conquests that took place after the 37 QO death of Muhammad? What does the Quran say about martyrdom? Is the religious status of a military martyr higher than that of other 41 AO Muslims? Is suicide permitted in the Quran? Is terrorism condoned in the Quran? 2 Jihad in the Hadith Literature What does “jihad” mean in the hadith literature? Do hadiths describe how a military jihad should be carried out? 44 44 47 49 54 How should we understand the hadith that commands Muslims to fight non-Muslims until they accept Islam? 55 What does the hadith literature say about martyrdom? 56 How can one know for sure that someone has attained martyrdom? 59 Are there certain hadiths that appear to contradict the Quran on martyrdom? 60 Is there a hadith that promises the reward of seventy-two virgins to battlefield martyrs? 61 Does the hadith literature encourage seeking martyrdom? 63 Are there distinctly Shii views on martyrdom? 64 What does the hadith literature say about suicide and terrorism? 65 What are the greater and lesserjihads? 65 Do standard collections list hadiths that describe nonmilitary aspects ofjihad? 66 i Jihad in the Legal Literature 70 How did Muslim jurists understandjihad? 71 How is war declared and by whom according to jurists? 73 Can civilians ever be targeted during a military attack? 74 How didjurists view martyrdom? 76
Contents vii How are prisoners of war to be treated? 77 Can Muslims fight under corrupt rulers? 79 Did jurists allow offensive militaryjihad? 80 Didjurists consider the militaryjihad to be holy war? 83 Can women take part in the military jihad? 85 Can Jews, Christians, and other non-Muslims take part in the militaryjihad? 87 Why did the medievaljurists divide the world into the Abode of Islam and Abode of War? 88 Does the division of the world into the Abode of Islam andAbode of War still apply in the modern period? 90 Didjurists permit suicide attacks? 91 What are the views ofjurists on terrorism? 92 4 Jihad in Morally Edifying, Ethical, and Mystical Literature 94 What does jihad mean in the daily life of the average believer? 95 Is the military jihad deemed to be the highest form of human struggle? 98 What is the greater struggle? 100 Why do some people resist the Idea that the spiritualjihad is a genuine part ofjihad? 100 Is the spiritual struggle carried out mainly by mystics? 103 Are there references to nonmilitary forms ofjihad in early Islamic writings? 103 How do Muslim mystics practice the internal, greaterjihad? 105 Did jurists refer to the spiritualjihad in their writings? 108 5 Jihad as Conceived by Modern Political Revolutionaries and Militants 111 How do modern militants In the Islamic world understandjihad? 113 Which early thinkers influenced modem political revolutionaries and militants? 113
vili Contents Who are other influential sources for modern militant groups? 1 5 What is the Jahillyya? 118 How do militant Islamists justify their violent attacks on other Muslims and non-Muslims? ? Have Shii thinkers called for political revolution as a form of jihad in the twentieth century? 2 What were Usama bin Laden ’s views on jihad? 124 What are “martyrdom operations ” and when did they start? 136 How do militant Islamists justify suicide attacks? 1շ3 How does ISIS justify its violent actions as jihad? 129 Where are the “moderate” Muslims and why do they not denounce extremism? 6 Jihad in the Thought of Modern and Contemporary Mainstream Scholars 130 132 How do modern Muslim scholars understand the militaryjihad? 133 What do modern Muslim scholars say about abrogation in the Quran? 133 Are there Muslim scholars who have challenged the views of Islamist militants? 1^ Are there Muslim scholars who have denounced the views of Usama bin Laden and his followers after the September 11 attacks? 141 Are there Muslim scholars speaking out against suicide bombings? 1 43 Why don’t Muslim scholars collectively denounce terrorism? 145 Have Muslim scholars denounced ISIS and Its militant views? 146 What are the main differences between militants and mainstream scholars of Islam today on the issue of violence? 146 7 Jihad as Nonviolent Struggle and Peacemaking 148 Is there pacifism in Islam? 149 Can jihad be understood as nonviolent struggle and peacemaking? 150 Which Muslim thinkers understandjihad as nonviolent struggle? 151
Contents ix What caused the modern turn toward thinking ofjihad as nonviolent struggle? 153 Is there a theological basis in Islam for promoting peace? 155 Do Muslim peace activists reject the military jihad? 158 8 Jihad and Its Perceptions in the West 162 Is there a Western equivalent of the military jihad? 164 Is there an Islamic Influence on the development of modern international law? 165 Is classical Islamic international law compatible with modem international law? 166 Are there modern Muslim critics of the concepts of the Abodes of War and Peace? 168 How does the Western media portray jihad? 170 Does the American media cover violent acts carried out by Muslims differently than those carried out by non-Muslims? 172 How does Hollywood portray¡¡had and Muslims? 174 How does the internet affect public perceptions ofjihad in the West? 175 Are there Western militants who are influenced by Islamophobic rhetoric on jihad? 176 How can one challenge antl-lslamic discourses that distort the meanings ofjihad? 180 Can educational institutions play a role in providing balanced Information about jihad? 182 GLOSSARY: IMPORTANT NAMES, PLACES, EVENTS, AND TERMS 185 BIBLIOGRAPHY 195 INDEX 199
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| adam_txt |
CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XI Introduction 1 1 Jihad in the Quran andCommentary Literature 9 What is the basic meaning ofjihad? ю How often does the word “jihad" occur in the Quran? /7 Does the Quran refer to different forms ofjihad? 11 Does the Quran refer to the spiritual jihad? 12 What does jihad mean in the Meccan period? 13 Didjihad have a military meaning in the Meccan period? 16 What does jihad mean in the Medinan period? 17 Is only defensive fighting allowed in the Quran? Is jihad in the Quran holy war? 19 23 Can Muslims continue to fight when the enemy stops fighting and seeks peace? 24 Are the peaceful verses in the Quran abrogated by the “sword verse?" 26 Are Christians and Jews singled out for fighting in the Quran? 29 Does the Quran tell Muslims not to be friends with Jews and Christians? 33 Does the Quran support offensive military activity to spread Islam ? 34
vi Contents Is the militaryjihad a permanent religious obligation in the Quran? What motivated the military conquests that took place after the 37 QO death of Muhammad? What does the Quran say about martyrdom? Is the religious status of a military martyr higher than that of other 41 AO Muslims? Is suicide permitted in the Quran? Is terrorism condoned in the Quran? 2 Jihad in the Hadith Literature What does “jihad” mean in the hadith literature? Do hadiths describe how a military jihad should be carried out? 44 44 47 49 54 How should we understand the hadith that commands Muslims to fight non-Muslims until they accept Islam? 55 What does the hadith literature say about martyrdom? 56 How can one know for sure that someone has attained martyrdom? 59 Are there certain hadiths that appear to contradict the Quran on martyrdom? 60 Is there a hadith that promises the reward of seventy-two virgins to battlefield martyrs? 61 Does the hadith literature encourage seeking martyrdom? 63 Are there distinctly Shii views on martyrdom? 64 What does the hadith literature say about suicide and terrorism? 65 What are the greater and lesserjihads? 65 Do standard collections list hadiths that describe nonmilitary aspects ofjihad? 66 i Jihad in the Legal Literature 70 How did Muslim jurists understandjihad? 71 How is war declared and by whom according to jurists? 73 Can civilians ever be targeted during a military attack? 74 How didjurists view martyrdom? 76
Contents vii How are prisoners of war to be treated? 77 Can Muslims fight under corrupt rulers? 79 Did jurists allow offensive militaryjihad? 80 Didjurists consider the militaryjihad to be holy war? 83 Can women take part in the military jihad? 85 Can Jews, Christians, and other non-Muslims take part in the militaryjihad? 87 Why did the medievaljurists divide the world into the Abode of Islam and Abode of War? 88 Does the division of the world into the Abode of Islam andAbode of War still apply in the modern period? 90 Didjurists permit suicide attacks? 91 What are the views ofjurists on terrorism? 92 4 Jihad in Morally Edifying, Ethical, and Mystical Literature 94 What does jihad mean in the daily life of the average believer? 95 Is the military jihad deemed to be the highest form of human struggle? 98 What is the greater struggle? 100 Why do some people resist the Idea that the spiritualjihad is a genuine part ofjihad? 100 Is the spiritual struggle carried out mainly by mystics? 103 Are there references to nonmilitary forms ofjihad in early Islamic writings? 103 How do Muslim mystics practice the internal, greaterjihad? 105 Did jurists refer to the spiritualjihad in their writings? 108 5 Jihad as Conceived by Modern Political Revolutionaries and Militants 111 How do modern militants In the Islamic world understandjihad? 113 Which early thinkers influenced modem political revolutionaries and militants? 113
vili Contents Who are other influential sources for modern militant groups? 1 '5 What is the Jahillyya? 118 How do militant Islamists justify their violent attacks on other Muslims and non-Muslims? ? Have Shii thinkers called for political revolution as a form of jihad in the twentieth century? 2 What were Usama bin Laden ’s views on jihad? 124 What are “martyrdom operations ” and when did they start? 136 How do militant Islamists justify suicide attacks? 1շ3 How does ISIS justify its violent actions as jihad? 129 Where are the “moderate” Muslims and why do they not denounce extremism? 6 Jihad in the Thought of Modern and Contemporary Mainstream Scholars 130 132 How do modern Muslim scholars understand the militaryjihad? 133 What do modern Muslim scholars say about abrogation in the Quran? 133 Are there Muslim scholars who have challenged the views of Islamist militants? 1^ Are there Muslim scholars who have denounced the views of Usama bin Laden and his followers after the September 11 attacks? 141 Are there Muslim scholars speaking out against suicide bombings? 1 43 Why don’t Muslim scholars collectively denounce terrorism? 145 Have Muslim scholars denounced ISIS and Its militant views? 146 What are the main differences between militants and mainstream scholars of Islam today on the issue of violence? 146 7 Jihad as Nonviolent Struggle and Peacemaking 148 Is there pacifism in Islam? 149 Can jihad be understood as nonviolent struggle and peacemaking? 150 Which Muslim thinkers understandjihad as nonviolent struggle? 151
Contents ix What caused the modern turn toward thinking ofjihad as nonviolent struggle? 153 Is there a theological basis in Islam for promoting peace? 155 Do Muslim peace activists reject the military jihad? 158 8 Jihad and Its Perceptions in the West 162 Is there a Western equivalent of the military jihad? 164 Is there an Islamic Influence on the development of modern international law? 165 Is classical Islamic international law compatible with modem international law? 166 Are there modern Muslim critics of the concepts of the Abodes of War and Peace? 168 How does the Western media portray jihad? 170 Does the American media cover violent acts carried out by Muslims differently than those carried out by non-Muslims? 172 How does Hollywood portray¡¡had and Muslims? 174 How does the internet affect public perceptions ofjihad in the West? 175 Are there Western militants who are influenced by Islamophobic rhetoric on jihad? 176 How can one challenge antl-lslamic discourses that distort the meanings ofjihad? 180 Can educational institutions play a role in providing balanced Information about jihad? 182 GLOSSARY: IMPORTANT NAMES, PLACES, EVENTS, AND TERMS 185 BIBLIOGRAPHY 195 INDEX 199 |
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| spelling | Afsaruddin, Asma 1958- Verfasser (DE-588)123640164 aut Jihad Asma Afsaruddin New York, NY Oxford University Press [2022] © 2022 xii, 208 Seiten 21 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier What everyone needs to know© Literaturverzeichnis Seite [195]-198 Djihad (DE-588)4305296-4 gnd rswk-swf Jihad Djihad (DE-588)4305296-4 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-064734-6 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033217740&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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