Global governance: evaluating the liberal democratic, Chinese, and Russian solutions
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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London ; New York
Routledge
2022
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| Beschreibung: | xviii, 246 Seiten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781032159737 9781032125442 |
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| adam_text | CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgments 1 Toward a theory of governance: Pursuit of Order, Welfare, and Legitimacy (OWL) x xvii 1 2 The rise of theliberal democratic solution 14 3 The fall of the liberal democratic solution 34 4 China and the Imperative of Order 73 5 China and the Imperative of Welfare 109 6 China and the Imperative of Legitimacy 137 7 The Russian OWL solution for global governance 169 8 A modest way forward 206 Bibliography Index 217 236
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INDEX Abkhazia 173 Abramowitz, Alan 7ІПІ15 Acemoglu, Doran 48, 69ո55, 107ո99 Acheson, Dean xiv action-reaction phenomenon 21-22 Adams, James Truslow 166n56 Admiral Kuznetsov 182 AI see Artificial Intelligence (AI) AIIB see Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) Alden, Edward 68n46, 69n63 Alexeev, Michael 203n52 Algeria 27, 28, 89 Alibaba 125, 155 Allende, Salvador 24 Allison, Graham T. 101n3, 136nl05 Alphabet (Google) 125 Amazon 125, 155 Andrushchenko, Nikolay 195 Animal Farm (Orwell) (novel) 56 Annan, Kofi 31n2, 200n2 Apple 50, 125, 161 Applebaum, Anne 53, 54, 60, 70n85, 210 Arendt, Hannah xi-xii, 32n36, 140, 152, 158, 164nl8, 166n59, 214 Argentina 24, 56 Arizona 64 Armenia 202n28 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 48, 107n99 Asian Development Bank 97 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) 91 Atkinson, Rick 67n21 Atlantic Alliance 14, 18, 22, 25, 27, 31, 35, 36, 41; Article 5 of 37, 208 Australia 19, 36, 77, 10ІПІ2, 131, 136nl02 authoritarianism xi-xii, xiv; consultative 154; rivals and 32n36; see also China; Russia; Soviet Union; totalitarianism; individual leaders authoritarian resilience 164nll Autor, David H. 68n45 Baida 155 Baldwin, Richard xvinll, 94, 106-7n99, 111, 112, 133nl7 Bangladesh 89 Barr, William 61-62 Bartels, Larry 7ІПІ15 Beaumarchais 198 Beeching, Jack 133nl8 Beetham, David 204nl01 Belarus 89, 202n28 Belgium 20, 26 Bell, Daniel 133n24, 135n75, 164n20 Bell, David 168nl09 Belt and Road: A Chinese World Order (Maçães) 87 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) 74-75, 85, 100, 105nn62, 66, 125, 135n92, 145, 212; CCP and 97; codicils and 93-94; components of 88-92;
downsides of 95-100; economic corridors of 89-90, 105n71; evaluation, and Imperative of
Index 237 Order 92-95; Internet sovereignty and 95; political reach of 91; significance of 87-88 Belton, Catherine 70n95, 203n69 Benavides, Oscar R. 187 Benner, Katie 102nl8 Berezovsky, Boris 186 Bezos, Jeff 51 Bharatiya Janata Party (BIP) (India) 57, 70n92, 202n34 Bianchi, Robert R. 96, 107nnl05, 107 Biden, Hunter 42 Biden, Joseph xi, 42, 44-45, 53, 94, 207 BJP see Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) (India) Blake, Heidi 205nl09 Bloomberg, Michael 51 Bobbio, Norberto 32ո36 Bolton, John 43, 67nnl8, 28, 71nlll, 105n64 Bo Xilai 122, 152 Bradsher, Keith 102nl8 Brandt, Loren 132nn9, 14 Branstetter, Lee 133nl4 Brazil 24, 47 Brennan Center for Justice 63 BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) 179-180 BRI see Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Britain see United Kingdom Brookings Institution 48 Brown, Kerry 75, lOlnlO, 106n82, 151, 164nn9, 11, 165nn37, 43, 166nn47-48, 167n90 Buffett, Warren 51 Bull, Hedley хѵіпб, 66n6, 171 bundling, of productive resources 112 Burisma Holding company 42 Burke, Edmund 27, 64, 170, 200n3 Bush Sr., George 29 Bush, George W. 36, 177; West Point speech of 40 Bush Doctrine 37, 39, 65; repudiation of 41 Cai Xia 166n45 California 63 Cambodia 89 Campbell, Kurt 132n6, 165n23 Cannady, Sean 204n82 capital flight, in China 127-128 capitalism 7-8, 17, 33n42, 34, 117, 186; crony 119, 123, 134n71; finance 13n21; Imperative of Legitimacy and 141, 144, 156; Marx on 9, 13nl9; state-directed 45, 47, 87, 99, 118, 212 Carrai, Narra Adele 106nn86, 96 Carrère d’Encausse, Hélène 204n98 Carter, Jimmy 29 CCDI see Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) China CCP
see Chinese Communist Party (ССР) CDB see China Development Bank (CDB) Center for Global Development 98 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 23, 24 Chaisse, Julien 105n66, 106nn86, 94, 107nl05 Chavez, Hugo 58 Chechnya 175-176 Cheng Chen 187, 204n90 Cheng Li 141, 164nll, 165n38 Chile 24 China 42-44, 47, 60, 73, 102nl3, 170, 210; active defense of 86; Africa and 89-90; Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) 87-100; capital flight in 127-128; corruption in 121-125; cyber theft in 128; East and South China Seas and 81-86; economic growth of 110-111; energy policy of 108nll9; Gini Coefficient of 119, 133n40; globalization of economy of 111-125; inequality in 120; military parity with West 75-81; mutual nuclear deterrent strategy of 80-81, 84, 86; multilateral investment banks of 91; multipolar system in 76, 78-79, 90-91; “nine-dash line” in map of 82-83, 103n38; nuclear submarine fleet of 86; pandemic handling in 130-131, 135nn94, 101; Philippines and 82-83; reforms in 113— 117, 125-127; and Russia compared 77-78; security architecture of 74; state-owned enterprises in 99; Straits of Malacca and 94; surveillance network in 154-157; Taiwan and 142; Uighur resistance in 153-154; and United States 80, 84-85, 121; warships of 85; see also Chinese Communist Party (CCP); individual Chinese leaders China’s Crisis of Success (Overholt) 159 China and Islam (Bianchi) 96 China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States Forum 91 China Development Bank (CDB) 91
238 Index China—Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) 89 Chinese Communist Party (CCP) xi, xiv, 2, 81, 145, 168nl06; BRI and 97; Document 9 of 156; flaws of 159; Hong Kong and 158, 160; Imperative of Order and 73, 91, lOlnl; Imperative of Welfare and 109, 110, 131, 132n4, 135nn72; indispensability of 157; leadership of 79-80; legitimacy, as power 87, 138; liberal democratic solution and 17, 30, 70n98; Mao Zedong on 78-79, 140-141; MarxistLeninist ideology and 139-140; “One Country Two Systems” of 160; performance legitimacy and 156—157; power of 163; recuperative power of 141; Rousseau and 139; see also China; Xi Jinping Chinese military modernization 104n52, 145 Chinese State Council 105n67 Chirac, Jacques 36 Choi En-lai 160, 168n95 Churchill, Winston 16 CIA see Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Citizens United v. FEC 64 Clinton, Hillary 183 Cohen, Stephen F. 66nnl—2 Coicaud, Jean-Marc 204n92 Cold War 22, 25, 31, 38, 208-209; end of 33n40 collective leadership 146, 165n38 collective power xi, xiv, 15, 19, 125, 198, 209; liberal democratic solution decline and 36, 38, 39, 44 Collective Security Treaty Organization 180 Colley, Linda xvinl collusion of elites 123 Colton, Timothy J. 204n82 Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) (China) 122 Congo 24 Congress of Vienna 197, 198 consultative authoritarianism 154 contextual and constituent elements, of legitimacy 27-28 Conway, Kellyanne 60 Cordesman, Anthony H. 79, 101n3, 102n21, 103nn28, 33 corporate social responsibility 51-52 COSCO shipping company 90 CPEC see China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Craig, Paul 32n25 Crimea
173, 174, 180, 182-183 crony capitalism 99, 134n71; state capitalism and 117-125 Crow, Jim 57 Cuba 170 Cultural Revolution 141, 142 Cunningham, Fiona 103n28 Curia of the Catholic Church lOlnlO Cyberspace Silk Road 91-92 cyber theft, in China 128 Czechoslovakia 16 Dahl, Robert A. 27, 32n36, 202n34 Davidson, Philip S. 86, 104n48, 105n64 Dawisha, Karen 187, 188, 203nn68—69 de Gaulle, Charles 23, 27, 38, 160, 204nl02 Delta class submarines 181 Delury, John 132n3, 133nnl4, 27 Democracy and Its Critics (Dahl) 27 democratic legitimacy 27 democratization 30, 67n9, 165n23; partial 14, 15, 28 Deng Xiaoping 76, 90, lOlnll, 106n82, 109, 111, 119, 135n72, 157; CCP and 144; impact on Chinese economy 132n3; reforms of 113-115, 125-127; revision of Marxism 142-145; Vogel on 165n2; and Xi Jinping compared 117 Denmark 37 Denyer, Simon 168nl03 de Tocqueville, Alexis xv, 54, 65 Diamond, Jared хѵіпЗ, 5 Dickson, Bruce J. 134n50, 158, 164nl8, 165n23, 167nn72, 83-84 Digital Silk Road (DSR) 90, 95, 100, 106n80 digital sovereignty 125-126 Dikotter, Frank 132nnl—2, 165nn37, 42, 45 Dinan, Desmond 32n32 Diokno, Maria Serena I. 103n37 directed liberalism 117 discipline and infallibility 17-18 District of Columbia 62 Dittmer, Lowell 103n37 Djibouti 89-90, 98 Dongfeng-41 80 Donne, John 211 Doraleh port (Djibouti) 89 Douban (website) 157 DSR see Digital Silk Road (DSR)
Index 239 Duarte, Rodrigo (President of Philippines) 43 Dutch disease 189 Dutton, Peter 103nn37-38 Duval, Antoine 205nll4 Economist, The (magazine) 74, 126, 157, 165n23, 167n82 Economy, Elizabeth 102n23, 104-105n60, 107nl02, 123-124, 134n68, 136nl05, 161, 164n8, 165n37, 167n75, 168nl09 ECSC see European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Edsell, Thomas E. 70n96 EEC see European Economic Union (EEC) Egypt 29, 60, 90, 96, 170, 179 Eisenhower, Dwight 23 Electoral College 62, 63 Elsby, Michael W. L. 68n43 Elster, Jon 12nl5 Erdoğan Recep Tayyip 43, 58, 60 Erickson, Andrew S. 104n52 Ericson, Richard E. 33n41 Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) 177, 202n28 European Central Bank 68n44 European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) 26 European Commission 68n44 European Economic Union (EEC) 26 European Union (EU) 27, 31, 174, 177, 202n28, 210 Export-Import Bank of China 91 Facon, Isabelle 203n37 Fanell, James E. 102n20, 103n37 Farzana, Afridi 133n48 fascism 56, 162; and populism compared 55 FAW 89 Federalist Papers 54 Fei-Ling Wang 133n48 Fidesz Party (Poland) 58 Fidler, David 13n25 finance capitalism 8, 13nl9 Finchelstein, Federico 56, 69n83, 70n85 Finer, Samuel E. 12n2 Fish, Steven M. 204n82 Flexible Response strategy 20, 32nl7 Florida 63 force de frappe 22, 23, 27 Foreign Affairs (magazine) 17 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation 91 France 20, 22-23, 25-27, 36, 204nl02 Franklin, Benjamin xv Fravel, M. Taylor 103n28 Freedman, Lawrence 32n25, 103n32 freedom xi, 6, 7, 9—10, 76, 84, 200, 209, 214; of assembly 195; Imperative of Legitimacy and 139, 143, 152-154, 159-162, 164nl8; liberal democratic
solution and 17, 31, 32n36, 58, 66; personal 69n75, 158; political 51, 144; of press 199 Freedom House 71-72nl24, 154, 199 French, Howard W. 107nl05 Friedman, Milton 51-52, 69n75 Friedman, Thomas L. 7ІПІ14, 126, 135n81 Fritzsche, Peter 7ІПІ07 Fukuyama, Francis 12n2, 65, 107nl04 Gaddy, Clifford G. 187, 200n4 Galeiotti, Mark 201n20 Gao Hua 167n90 Gazprom 185 Ge Dongsheng 102nl4 Gel’man, Vladimir 191, 197, 204n82, 205nl04 Georgia (country) 77, 147, 165n41, 171, 173, 174, 183, 198 Georgia (U.S. state) 63, 64 Gerasimov, Valery 182 Germany 20, 24, 34, 36, 46 gerrymandering 62-64 Ghiasy, Richard 104n43 Gini coefficient 49, 68n44, 119, 133nn40, 43, 189 Ginsburg, Tom 7ІПІ19 Glasnost (political opening) 30 global communication networks 112 global financial market system, implosion of 45-46 globalization 65-66, 68n45 global society 1-2, 12n3, 87-88, 131, 200; Imperative of Legitimacy and 137, 139, 149, 157; liberal democratic solution and 15, 17, 31, 35, 38, 45; significance ofii, iii, xii, xv, xvinl, 206, 207, 213, 214 Gokhale, Vijay 149—151 Goldin, Claudia 68n45 Golding, William 12n5 Goldwater, Barry 40 Gorbachev, Mikhail 177 Gordon, David F. 106n95, 107nll2, 108nll8 Gorski, Jedrzej 105n66, 106nn86, 94, 107nl05
240 Index Grand Bargain 19, 20 Great Firewall 155 Great Leap Forward (1958-1962) 132nl, 141 Greece 16, 27, 68n44, 90, 105n72 Griffiths, Richard T. 107nl05 Grossman, Vasily 32nll Guatemala 23 Gudkov, Lev 192 Gunther, Frank 127, 135n86 Gusinsky, Vladimir 186 Guzman, Jacobo Arbenz 23 Hamilton Project (Brookings Institution) 48, 68n43 Hansen, Richard 7ІПІ14 Hanson, Philip 202n34 Hanson, Stephen E. 204n82 Haskel, Jonathan 68n45 Hassner, Pierre 13n25 Havel, Vaclav 139 Hayton, Bill 103nn37-38 Heath, Timothy R. 10ІПІ2, 102nl4 Heberle, Rudolf 71nl07 Heginbotham, Eric 102nnl6, 27, 104n52 Hell, Natalie 107nll4 Hibbard, Scott 57, 70n91 Hill, Fiona 200n4 Hindutva 57 Hirshman, Albert 197 Hobbes, Thomas xiii, 2-4, 9, 10, 12n5, 75, 164n3; Rousseau on 138 Hobbesian dilemma xiv, 14, 19, 35, 37-39, 65, 92, 208 Hoffman, Stanley 13n25 Holmes, Leslie 203n68, 204n82 Hong Kong 153, 157, 158, 160, 161, 167n92 Hopkins, Jonathan 68n44 Horsley, Jamie 134n63 How Democracies Die (Levitsky and Ziblatt) 28 Howell, William G. 64, 70n94, 7ІППІ15, 117 Huawei 90, 95, 116, 124, 128 Hujintao 73, 109, 144, 146-147, 152, 157 Никои system 133-134n48 Hungary 28, 42, 43, 53, 170, 179, 183, 200, 210 Huntington, Samuel P., Jr. 67nl0 Huq, Aziz 7ІПІ19 Hurley, John 108nll8 Hussein, Saddam 36 Ickes, Barry W. 187 Ikenberry, G. John xvinl5, 67nn9, 11 Imperative of Legitimacy xiii, xiv, 5-6; erosion of 53-61; liberal democracies and 26-28; Rousseau and 9-12; see also China Imperative of Order xiii, xiv, 29, 68ո39; erosion of 34-40; Hobbes and 3-4; liberal democracies and 15-24; see also China Imperative of Welfare xiii, xiv;
erosion of 45-46; Lenin and 8; liberal democracies and 24-26; Marx and Smith and 4-8; see also China India 47, 56-57, 89, 102nl3, 133nnl7-18, 150 Indonesia 83, 96, 133nl7 infallibility 17-18 INF see Intermediate-Range Ballistics Missile Treaty (INF) Inglehard, Ronald 71 nil5 Ingraham, Laura 60 Intermediate-Range Ballistics Missile Treaty (INF) 181 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1987) 177, 181 International Institute of Strategic Studies 99, ІОЗпЗІ International Monetary Fund 53, 68n44, 188, 213 Internet Research Agency 183 Iowa 63 Iran 23, 40, 89, 96, 178 Iraq 29, 35-36, 38-40, 178, 199 Ireland 68n44 Ismay, Lord 20 Italy 20, 25, 26, 37, 105n72, 183 Jackson, Julian 66n8, 204nl02 Jacobson, Linda 133nl5 Japan 19, 43, 46, 77, 10ІПІ2, 160, 210, 211 JCPOA see Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) Jentleson, Adam 64, 71nnll5-16 Jiang Zemin 157, 165n45 Johnson, Ian 162 Johnston, Alastair Ian. 167n81 Joint Communiqué of the Leaders of the Roundtable of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 93 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) 181 Jones, Eric Lionel 31nl
Index 241 Jones, Robert P. 7ІПІ15 jordan 29 Juergensmeyer, Marc xvinl8, 107nl04 Kaczyński, Jarosław 58 Kadyrov, Ramzan 175, 176 Kagan, Robert 37 Kanét, Roger E. 200n5 Kant, Immanuel 8, 75, 92 Kaplan, Fred 32n25, 103n32 Kappeler, Andreas 20ІПІ8 Karabarbounis, Lõukas 68n43 Karagiannis, Emmanuel 20ІПІ4 Kashmeri, Sarwar 87, 105nn62, 66, 107ППІ05, 112 Katz, Lawrence F. 68n45 Kazakhstan 89, 97, 102nl3, 202n28 Ka Zeng 132n9, 133nl4 Kennan, George 17-18, 29, 166n48 Kennedy, J. F. 38 Kenya 89 Keohane, Robert O. xvinl5 Key, V. O. 57, 70n93 Khanna, Parag xvinl Khodorkovsky, Mikhail 195 Kim Jong-un 43 Kissinger, Henry 23 Klein, Ezra 69n73, 7ІПІ15 Kołodziej, Edward vxinl4, 32nn28,35, 33nn40, 43, 68n42, 69n73, 70n92 Korda, Matt 103nn28, 32 Kornai, János 33n41 Kristensen, Hans M. 103nn28, 32 Kroeber, Arthur R. 132n9, 134n48 Kurski, Jacek 60 Kuwait 29, 35—36 Kyrgyzstan 89, 98, 102nl3, 202n28 labor-corporate relations 50-53 Laos 89, 98 Laquer, Walter 196 Lardy, Nicholas R. 133nl4 Latvia 89 Law and Order Party (Poland) 58 Laws, The (Plato) 10 Leandro, Francisco Jose 105nn61, 66 Lebow, Richard Ned 33n40, 201n7 Lee, Ann 168nl09 legal-rational 204nl01 Le Monde (magazine) 37 Lenin, Vladimir 8, 13nl9 Leonnig, Carol 67nl8, 70nl02 Lesotho garment factories 89 Levada Center poll (2014) 196 Leviathan 3, 4, 9, 12n5, 40, 67n9, 138; collective 15, 20 Levitsky, Steven 28, 203n68 Lew, Jacob J. 105nn64, 66, 106n80, 108nll8 liberal democratic model xi, 38; Imperative of Legitimacy and 26-28; Imperative of Order and 15-24; Imperatives of Welfare and 24-26, 45-46; inequality and 46-53; rise of 28—31;
triumphalist view of 107nl04 liberal institutionalism xiii, xvinl5 Libya 178 Li Chuncheng 122 Li Keqiang 146 Lippmann, Walter 28-29 Li Shi 134n52 Lithuania 89 “Little Red Book” (Xi Jinping) 158—159 Li Wenliang 130 Long, Huey 61 Lord of the Flies (Golding) 12n5 Lovell, Julia 164nl6 Lui Xiaobo 144, 148, 153 Lumumba, Patrice 24 Luxembourg 26 Maçães, Bruno 87, 94, 95, 106n99, 107ПІ13 MacFarquhar, Roderick 132n2 MacLean, Nancy 69n75 Madison, James 54 MAD see Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) Maduro, Nicolas 58 Magnitsky, Sergei 190 Magnitsky sanctions (2012) 190 Maizland, Lindsay 102nl6 majority factions 54 “Make America Great Again” campaign 44, 56, 65 Malaysia 33n41, 89, 96, 97 Maldives 96, 98 Manion, Melanie 134n56 Mann, Michael xiii, 12nn3, 165n23 Mann, Thomas 7ІПІ17 Mao Zedong 75, 78-79, 101n8, 109, 132n3, 138, 165n38; on CCP 78-79, 140-141; revision of Marxism 140-142 market system xiv, 7-8, 25, 35, 39, 74, 126, 129, 145, 176; free 5, 6, 8, 51, 87, 99, 109, 184, 212; global xvinll, 6, 7, 14, 24, 30, 33n42, 34, 45-46, 66, 127, 131, 143, 169, 184, 185, 199,
242 Index 212; lumpy 135n81; open 93; Trump understanding of 41; Western 66, 93, 109, 110, 119, 144, 169, 199 Marshall Plan xiv, 17, 91, 199; motivations for 24-25 Marx, Karl xiii, 2, 10, 13nl9; on capitalism 9; on Welfare Imperative 5 Maryanski, Alexandra 12nl7 Mattis, James 44 McDevitt 104n52 McGiffert, Carola 165n33 McGregor, Richard 165nn23, 32 McNamara, Robert 20, 21, 80 Mearsheimer, John J. xvin7 Medvedev, Dmitri 194 #MeToo movement 161 Mexico 47 Meyer, Maxiiban 105n71 Michigan 63 Microsoft 125 Miller, Tom 103nn34, 37 Milosz, Czeslaw 60 Minxin Pei 123, 124, 132n4, 133n27, 134nn56, 69, 71, 135n78 MIRVs see Multiple Independently Targeted Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs) Mishler, William 204n90 Mitter, Rana 162, 168nl06 Мое, Terry M. 64, 70n94, 71nnll5, 117 Moldova 77, 171, 173, 174, 183, 198 Molero-Simarro, Ricardo 133n40 Mongolia 89, 98 Monroe Doctrine: of China see South China Sea; of Putin 172-176 Montenegro 98 moral composition, of society 11 moral legitimacy 38, 162 moral superiority 32n36, 38 Morey, Daryl 161 Morgan Stanley 116 Morgenthau, HansJ. xvin7 Mosaddegh, Mohammad 23 Mounk, Yasha 7ІПІ19 Mueller, Robert S. Ill 183 Müller, Jan-Werner 32ո36, 70ո85, 7ІПІ06 Multiple Independently Targeted Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs) 22, 80, 203n38 multipolar system: in China 73-79, 81-82, 87, 90-91, 100, 102nl4, 105n61; in Russia 169, 170, 172, 176-184 Munich Conference on Security Policy (2007) 171 Munich Security Conference (2021) xi Munro, Neil 204n90 Musk, Elon 51 Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) 21, 73, 80, 81, 84, 86 Myanmar 89, 90, 97 “My People, My Country” (film) 157 Nathan,
Andrew J. 106n96, 164nll, 167n84 National Party Congress 146, 159-160 National Security Strategy of the United States 40 nation-state system xii, 112, 206, 207; Imperative of Legitimacy and 137, 149, 150; Imperative of Order and 73, 75, 88, 100, 107nl04; liberal democratic solution and 15, 19, 20, 32n36, 35-36, 38, 46, 59, 66; Russian OWL solution and 169, 171, 172, 174, 177 NATO see North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Naughton, Barry 133nl4 Navalny, Alexei 194-195, 205nl09 NDB see New Development Bank (NDB) Neiman, Brent 68n43 Netherlands 20, 26, 37 New Development Bank (NDB) 91 New Silk Road see Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) New Zealand 19, 77, 10ІПІ2 Ngeow Chow Bing 103n37 Ngonyani, Edwin 95 NGOs, in China 154, 164nl8, 167n70 Nicaragua 23 Nigeria 89, 96 1984 (Orwell) (novel) 162 Nixon, Richard 23, 57, 70n94 No Exit (Sartre) 191 Non-Aligned Movement (1961-1972) 142 Nong Hong 103n40 Norris, Robert S. 103n28 North Atlantic Treaty 198 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 14, 19-23, 28, 177, 210 North Carolina 63 North Dakota 63 North Korea 22, 40, 42, 43, 170, 178, 211 Norway 190 Novokmet, Filip 203n59 Obama, Barack 60, 109 old and new Europe 36-37 Oliker, Olga 203n37 Open Skies Treaty 181 Orbán, Victor 43, 58, 60
Index 243 Order, Welfare, and Legitimacy (OWL) xv, 2, 29-30; framework xii; imperatives xiii-xiv, 2; see also Imperative of Legitimacy; Imperative of Order; Imperative of Welfare Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) 47 Ornstein, Norman 7ІПІ17 Orwell, George 56, 148, 162, 166n48 Osgood, Robert E. 32nl4 Overholt, William 109, 125, 127, 132n4, 135n75, 136nl05, 147, 159, 164nn9, 20, 165n32, 168nl09 OWL see Order, Welfare, and Legitimacy (OWL) Pahlavi, Shah Mohammad Reza 23 Pakistan 89, 90, 94, 96-98, 102nl3 Pennsylvania 63 People’s Bank of China 116 People’s Liberation Army (PLA) 74, 138, 144; Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and 75, lOlnlO Peoples Daily (newspaper) 156 Perestroika (economic liberalization) 30 performance legitimacy 156-157 Peron, Eva 59 Peron,Juan 56 Perry, Rick 59 Philippines 32nl5, 42, 170, 179; and South China Sea dispute with China 82-83 Piketty, Thomas 68nn41, 45, 120, 133n43, 185, 189 Pippa, Norris 7ІПІ15 Piraeus (Greece) 90 PLA see Peoples’ Liberation Army (PLA) Pogo 54, 69n81 Poland 28, 36, 42, 43, 53, 133nl7, 170, 179, 183, 200, 210 Polikovskaya, Anna 195 Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) 146 Politkovskaya, Anna 176 Polyanyi, Karl 12nll Pomerantsev, Peter 203n69 Popkov, Dimitriy 195 populism 209, 210, 214; American 53-54, 7ІПІ15; attacks on liberal democracy 59-60; autocratic 54; and fascism compared 55; liberal democratic solution and 28, 34, 35, 45, 57-58, 69n83, 70n85; minority, serving minority rule 61-64; rejecting Rousseanian principles 56; Russian OWL solution and 169, 170, 175, 177, 179, 183, 200, 202n34; spread of 56;
Urbinati on 55 Portugal 28, 37, 68n44 poverty x, 17, 171, 212; BRI and 97; Imperative of Legitimacy and 139, 142, 143, 156, 157; Imperative of Order and 81, 89, 90, 92; Imperative of Welfare and 110, 113, 119, 127; liberal democratic solution and 47, 51, 58, 69n73 Powell, Colin 36 ProPublica (newspaper) 50, 51, 130 PSC see Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) Puerto Rico 62 Putin, Vladimir xi, xv, 2, 34-35, 42, 170, 200n2; critique of Western system 176-179; on democracy 194; diplomatic, military, and hybrid warfare strategies of 176-180; Imperative of Legitimacy and 190-197; Imperative of Order and 170-172; Kleptocracy of 123, 169, 175, 184—190, 196, 199; legitimacy and 192-193; military strategy of 180-184; Monroe Doctrine of 172-176, 201nl4; oligarchs and 185-188; OWL, critique of 197-200; popularity of 192; power of 194-197; on sovereignty 177; trust in 191-192; on United States 177 Qing dynasty 143 Qinglian He 158 Quartz 161 Rand Corporation study 85, 102nnl6, 27 Ratner, Ely 132n6, 165n23 Rawski, Thomas G. 132nn9, 14 Reagan, Ronald 23, 29, 177 Realism xiii Reich, Robert B. 68n41 Renren 155 Ren Zhiqiang 153 Republic (Plato) 10 Resource Management System (RMS) 186-188 Reus-Smit, Christian 204n92 RMS see Resource Management System (RMS) Roberts, Priscilla Mary 165n33 Roosevelt, Teddy 106n82 Rose, Richard 202n34, 204nn82, 90, 205nl04 Rosneft 186
244 Index Roughhead, Gary 105nn64, 66, 106ո80, 108ո118 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques xiii, 2, 164ոՅ, 191, 202ո34; ССР and 139; on Hobbes 138; Imperative of Legitimacy and 9-12 Roy, Denny 103n37, 104n48 Roy, Nalanda 103n37, 104n48 Rozelle, Scott 107nll4 Rucker, Philip 67nl8, 70nl02 Russia 58, 102nl3, 163, 210; and China compared 77-78, 80; Gini coefficient of 189; intervention in American elections 183-184; Kleptocracy of 123; see also Putin, Vladimir; military force of 77-78; nuclear stockpile of 180-181 Russian Federation 31, 34, 67nl0 Russian World 173-175, 193 Saez, Emmanuel 68nn41, 45, 69n67 Saich, Tony 165n36 Sandałów, Barry 108nll9 Sandel, Michael J. 12nll Satre, Jean-Paul 191 Saudi Arabia 60 Schell, Orville 132n3, 133nnl4, 27 Schmidt, Maria 60 Schmitt, Carl 55, 57, 59 Schoenhak, Michael 132n2 Schofield, Clive 103n40 Schroeder, Paul W. хѵіпЗ, 197, 20ІПІ0 SCO see Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) SDF see Silk Road Development Fund (SDF) self-determination 36, 178 self-interest 6-8, 78, 113, 131, 198, 208, 212, 213; liberal democratic solution and 35, 42, 54, 62 Senate filibuster 64 Serbia 178 Sergi, Bruno S. 202n28 SEZs see Special Economic Zones (SEZs) (China) Shambaugh, Jay 68nn43, 50 Shambough, David 133nl4 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) 76, 91, 180 Shelby v. Holder 63 Shevtsova, Lilia 190, 192, 204n82 Shirk, Susan L. 165nn40, 44, 166n47 Shum, Desmond 135n78 Sides, John 7ІПІ15 Sil, Rúdra 187, 204nn82, 90 Silk Road Development Fund (SDF) 91 Sina 155 Sina Weibo 167n75 Singapore 33n41, 89 16+1 Forum 91 Škripal, Sergei 195, 205nl09 SLBMs see Submarine-
LaunchedBallistic-Missiles (SLBMs) Slovenia 183 Smith, Adam xiii, 2, 9, 92; on Welfare Imperative 5-8 Social Compact (Rousseau) 191 social contract 9—11, 139; as human creation 10; as social compact 164n3 Social Contract (Rousseau) 9-10, 138 Social Credit System (SCS) 155 social order 10, 11, 138 social power xiii, 12n3 SOEs see State-owned enterprises (SOEs) Soros, George 60 Sources of Totalitarianism (Arendt) 158 South Africa 24, 28, 89 South China Sea 81-86 Southern Politics in State and Nation (Key) 57 South Korea 19, 32nl5, 33n41, 43, 77, 10ІПІ2, 133nl7, 160, 210, 211 South Ossetia 173 sovereignty хѵіпЗ, 26, 37, 173, 176; China and 74, 84, 101n4, 106n82, 150, 153, 156, 161; digital 125—126; Internet 95; national 35-36, 82-83, 98; nation-state 35, 172, 177; popular 194, 204nl01; of states 31n2, 162, 169, 170, 177-179, 198, 200n2 Soviet Communist Party 32nll Soviet man, failure of 30 Soviet Union 16, 30, 60, 159; collapse of 31, 32n40, 147, 175, 191; flawed response to Imperative of Legitimacy 30; United States’ containment of 17-18, 29 Spain 37, 68n44 Special Economic Zones (SEZs) (China) 114 Spitzer, William 71nll5 Spratly Is!ands 83, 86 Sputnik 21 Sri Lanka 90, 97, 98 Stalin, Joseph 17 START treaty 181 Star Wars initiative 22, 29 State-owned enterprises (SOEs) 116, 117, 123-124, 129, 143
Index 245 Stein 201ո7 Straits of Malacca 94 Strauss, Leo 13n24 Submarine-Launched-Ballistic-Missiles (SLBMs) 181 Sudan 163, 199 Suez Canal Economic Zone 90 Suisheng Zhao 165n22 Sun, Irene Yuan 107nl05 Sun Wenguang 97 Swiss Academy of Development 197 Syria 171, 178, 179 Taiwan 33n41, 92, 100, 10ІПІ2, 142, 160, 210, 211 Tajikistan 89, 98, 102nl3 Talbott, Strobe 32n26 Tax Institute (University of California, Berkeley) 69n67 Taylor, Brendan 103nn34, 37 Tencent 125, 157 Texas 63, 64 Thailand 89, 133nl7 Thucydides’ Trap 92, 100, 101n3 Tiananmen massacre (China) 109, 115, 117, 135n72, 144, 147, 151, 160, 162 Tibet 154 Tiffert, Glenn 160 Ting Gong 123, 134n70 TI see Transparency International (TI) totalitarianism xi, 97, 204n82; Imperative of Legitimacy and 140, 148, 149, 151, 152, 158, 161-63, 167n75; liberal democratic solution and 17, 35, 66 Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs) (China) 113-14 Transnistria 173 Transparency International (TI) 121, 188, 203n68; Corruption Perception Index (CPI) 121; Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) 121 Trenin, Dmitri 203n37 Truman, Harry 17-18 Truman Doctrine 16-17, 24, 25; criticisms of 29 Trump, Donald, J. xv8, 102-103, 150, 164n3, 181, 208, 209; China and 42-44; on Duarte 43; on Erdoğan 43; on Kim Jong-un 43; liberal democratic solution and 37, 40-44, 53, 58-60, 70nn94, 70-7ІПІ06; minority populism serving minority rule during presidency of 61-64; niece’s diagnosis of 42; Putin and 42; repudiation of Bush Doctrine 41; on Xi Jinping 42-43 Trump, Mary Lee 42 Tunisia 89, 165n41 Turkey 16, 20, 42, 53, 58, 60, 89, 96, 170, 179, 200, 210
Turkmenistan 89 TVEs see Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs) (China) Twilight of Democracy, The (Applebaum) 54 Uighur resistance 153—154 Ukraine 77, 147, 165n41, 171, 173-174, 183, 198, 20ІПІ8 unbundling, of global trade 111, 112, 133nl7 UNCLOS see United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) unitary executive, doctrine of 61-62 United Kingdom 20, 22-23, 27, 31nl, 36, 37 United Nations Charter 162, 170 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 83 United States xiv, 32nl5, 101nl2; and China compared 80, 84-85, 120; containment of Soviet Union 17-19, 29; Gini coefficient and 49; inequality in 120; labor-corporate relations in 50-52; paper currency system of 25; populism in 53-54, 7ІПІ15; South China Sea issue and 84-85; Tax Code of 50-51; 2003 invasion of Iraq and 35-36, 38, 39; see also Trump, Donald J. UN Security Council 16, 36, 171 Urbinati, Nadia 55, 70n85 US Defense Department 86 US National Intelligence Council’s Global Trends: 2040 208 utopia 7, 9 Uzbekistan 89, 102nl3 Valdai Club Conference (2013) 172, 173, 177, 194, 201n6, 202nn29, 33, 205nl03 V-Dem Index 65, 7ІПІ24 V-Dem Institute (Gotherburg University) 65 Venezuela 58, 163, 170, 179, 200 Vietnam 23, 38, 83, 89, 142 Vines, David 106n96 Vitug, Marites Danguilan 103n40 Vogel, Ezra F. 132n3, 165n2 Voronov, Vladimir 203n42
246 Index voter suppression, forms of 63 Voting Rights Act (1965) 63 Wallace, George 61 Waltz, Kenneth N. xvin7, 13n25, 32-33n40 Wang, Vivian 135n94 Warsaw Pact 19, 29-31 Wealth of Nations (Smith) 6, 9 Weber, Max 12nl7, 192, 193, 196 Weber, Shlomo 203n52 WeChat 161 Wedeman, Andrew 124, 134nn56, 66, 69-70 Western Pacific 32nl5 West Germany 19, 24, 26 Westphalian system xi, xii, хѵіпЗ, 100, 163, 169, 178, 208, 214; equilibrium and 20ІПІ0; liberal democratic solution and 14, 15, 39, 40, 65 white supremacy 56-58, 70n94, 7ІПІ15 WHO see World Health Organization Wilkerson, Isabel 70n93 Williams, Daniel К. 7ІПІ15 Wilson, William Julius 51 Wilson, Woodrow 16-17, 39 Wilsonian internationalism 67nll Wisconsin 63 Wohlforth, William 32n40 Wohlstetter, Albert 21 Woodward, Bob 67nl9, 71nlll World Bank 121, 127, 188, 213; Control of Corruption Index 122 World Health Organization (WHO) 213 World Trade Organization (WTO) 109, 116, 125, 185, 212 Wright, Thomas J. 101n3 WTO see World Trade Organization (WTO) Xi Jinping 42-44, 48, 68n51; anti corruption campaign of 121, 122, 124-125, 135n78, 152; CCP and 144, 146; and Deng Xiaoping compared 117; dream, for China 87, 88, 104n60, 105n66, 119, 140, 145-149, 151-152, 166n56; on Hong Kong protests 161; Imperative of Legitimacy and 158-159, 162, 167n70; Imperative of Order and 87, 94, 97, 99, 101nn4, 12; Imperative of Welfare and 109, 110, 115, 126, 134nn68-169; leadership of 147, 152-153; on market system 128-129; personality, as source of power 166n47; presentation to Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures (2014) 76;
presentation to World Economic Forum (2017) 108nl20, 128, 135n90, 147; presentation to World Economic Forum (2021) 47; quandary of 149-157; reforms of 117; revision of Marxism 145-149; on state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 124, 129; see also Trump, Donald J. Xin Zhang 105n71 Xu Zhangrun 97, 166n63 Xu Zhiyong 153 Yangjisheng 132nnl-2 Yanokovich, Victor 174 Yasheng Huang 117, 133n23, 134n49 Yeltsin, Boris 66n2, 191, 195 Yi-Zheng Lian 167n92 Yuen, Samson 134n55 Yuen, Simon 135n78 Yukov186 Yulin Naval Base (Hainan Island) (China) 84 Zakaria, Fareed 102n20 Zhang Zhan 130 Zhao Ziyang lOlnll, 151 Zhou Bo 102n22 Zhou Yongkang 122, 152 Zhu Rongji 115-116, 133n26 Ziblatt, Daniel 28, 203n68 Zircon Hypersonic cruise missile 181 Zucman, Gabriel 68nn41, 45, 69n67 Bayerisch© Staatsbibliothek München
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CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgments 1 Toward a theory of governance: Pursuit of Order, Welfare, and Legitimacy (OWL) x xvii 1 2 The rise of theliberal democratic solution 14 3 The fall of the liberal democratic solution 34 4 China and the Imperative of Order 73 5 China and the Imperative of Welfare 109 6 China and the Imperative of Legitimacy 137 7 The Russian OWL solution for global governance 169 8 A modest way forward 206 Bibliography Index 217 236
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INDEX Abkhazia 173 Abramowitz, Alan 7ІПІ15 Acemoglu, Doran 48, 69ո55, 107ո99 Acheson, Dean xiv action-reaction phenomenon 21-22 Adams, James Truslow 166n56 Admiral Kuznetsov 182 AI see Artificial Intelligence (AI) AIIB see Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) Alden, Edward 68n46, 69n63 Alexeev, Michael 203n52 Algeria 27, 28, 89 Alibaba 125, 155 Allende, Salvador 24 Allison, Graham T. 101n3, 136nl05 Alphabet (Google) 125 Amazon 125, 155 Andrushchenko, Nikolay 195 Animal Farm (Orwell) (novel) 56 Annan, Kofi 31n2, 200n2 Apple 50, 125, 161 Applebaum, Anne 53, 54, 60, 70n85, 210 Arendt, Hannah xi-xii, 32n36, 140, 152, 158, 164nl8, 166n59, 214 Argentina 24, 56 Arizona 64 Armenia 202n28 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 48, 107n99 Asian Development Bank 97 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) 91 Atkinson, Rick 67n21 Atlantic Alliance 14, 18, 22, 25, 27, 31, 35, 36, 41; Article 5 of 37, 208 Australia 19, 36, 77, 10ІПІ2, 131, 136nl02 authoritarianism xi-xii, xiv; consultative 154; rivals and 32n36; see also China; Russia; Soviet Union; totalitarianism; individual leaders authoritarian resilience 164nll Autor, David H. 68n45 Baida 155 Baldwin, Richard xvinll, 94, 106-7n99, 111, 112, 133nl7 Bangladesh 89 Barr, William 61-62 Bartels, Larry 7ІПІ15 Beaumarchais 198 Beeching, Jack 133nl8 Beetham, David 204nl01 Belarus 89, 202n28 Belgium 20, 26 Bell, Daniel 133n24, 135n75, 164n20 Bell, David 168nl09 Belt and Road: A Chinese World Order (Maçães) 87 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) 74-75, 85, 100, 105nn62, 66, 125, 135n92, 145, 212; CCP and 97; codicils and 93-94; components of 88-92;
downsides of 95-100; economic corridors of 89-90, 105n71; evaluation, and Imperative of
Index 237 Order 92-95; Internet sovereignty and 95; political reach of 91; significance of 87-88 Belton, Catherine 70n95, 203n69 Benavides, Oscar R. 187 Benner, Katie 102nl8 Berezovsky, Boris 186 Bezos, Jeff 51 Bharatiya Janata Party (BIP) (India) 57, 70n92, 202n34 Bianchi, Robert R. 96, 107nnl05, 107 Biden, Hunter 42 Biden, Joseph xi, 42, 44-45, 53, 94, 207 BJP see Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) (India) Blake, Heidi 205nl09 Bloomberg, Michael 51 Bobbio, Norberto 32ո36 Bolton, John 43, 67nnl8, 28, 71nlll, 105n64 Bo Xilai 122, 152 Bradsher, Keith 102nl8 Brandt, Loren 132nn9, 14 Branstetter, Lee 133nl4 Brazil 24, 47 Brennan Center for Justice 63 BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) 179-180 BRI see Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Britain see United Kingdom Brookings Institution 48 Brown, Kerry 75, lOlnlO, 106n82, 151, 164nn9, 11, 165nn37, 43, 166nn47-48, 167n90 Buffett, Warren 51 Bull, Hedley хѵіпб, 66n6, 171 bundling, of productive resources 112 Burisma Holding company 42 Burke, Edmund 27, 64, 170, 200n3 Bush Sr., George 29 Bush, George W. 36, 177; West Point speech of 40 Bush Doctrine 37, 39, 65; repudiation of 41 Cai Xia 166n45 California 63 Cambodia 89 Campbell, Kurt 132n6, 165n23 Cannady, Sean 204n82 capital flight, in China 127-128 capitalism 7-8, 17, 33n42, 34, 117, 186; crony 119, 123, 134n71; finance 13n21; Imperative of Legitimacy and 141, 144, 156; Marx on 9, 13nl9; state-directed 45, 47, 87, 99, 118, 212 Carrai, Narra Adele 106nn86, 96 Carrère d’Encausse, Hélène 204n98 Carter, Jimmy 29 CCDI see Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) China CCP
see Chinese Communist Party (ССР) CDB see China Development Bank (CDB) Center for Global Development 98 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 23, 24 Chaisse, Julien 105n66, 106nn86, 94, 107nl05 Chavez, Hugo 58 Chechnya 175-176 Cheng Chen 187, 204n90 Cheng Li 141, 164nll, 165n38 Chile 24 China 42-44, 47, 60, 73, 102nl3, 170, 210; active defense of 86; Africa and 89-90; Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) 87-100; capital flight in 127-128; corruption in 121-125; cyber theft in 128; East and South China Seas and 81-86; economic growth of 110-111; energy policy of 108nll9; Gini Coefficient of 119, 133n40; globalization of economy of 111-125; inequality in 120; military parity with West 75-81; mutual nuclear deterrent strategy of 80-81, 84, 86; multilateral investment banks of 91; multipolar system in 76, 78-79, 90-91; “nine-dash line” in map of 82-83, 103n38; nuclear submarine fleet of 86; pandemic handling in 130-131, 135nn94, 101; Philippines and 82-83; reforms in 113— 117, 125-127; and Russia compared 77-78; security architecture of 74; state-owned enterprises in 99; Straits of Malacca and 94; surveillance network in 154-157; Taiwan and 142; Uighur resistance in 153-154; and United States 80, 84-85, 121; warships of 85; see also Chinese Communist Party (CCP); individual Chinese leaders China’s Crisis of Success (Overholt) 159 China and Islam (Bianchi) 96 China and the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States Forum 91 China Development Bank (CDB) 91
238 Index China—Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) 89 Chinese Communist Party (CCP) xi, xiv, 2, 81, 145, 168nl06; BRI and 97; Document 9 of 156; flaws of 159; Hong Kong and 158, 160; Imperative of Order and 73, 91, lOlnl; Imperative of Welfare and 109, 110, 131, 132n4, 135nn72; indispensability of 157; leadership of 79-80; legitimacy, as power 87, 138; liberal democratic solution and 17, 30, 70n98; Mao Zedong on 78-79, 140-141; MarxistLeninist ideology and 139-140; “One Country Two Systems” of 160; performance legitimacy and 156—157; power of 163; recuperative power of 141; Rousseau and 139; see also China; Xi Jinping Chinese military modernization 104n52, 145 Chinese State Council 105n67 Chirac, Jacques 36 Choi En-lai 160, 168n95 Churchill, Winston 16 CIA see Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Citizens United v. FEC 64 Clinton, Hillary 183 Cohen, Stephen F. 66nnl—2 Coicaud, Jean-Marc 204n92 Cold War 22, 25, 31, 38, 208-209; end of 33n40 collective leadership 146, 165n38 collective power xi, xiv, 15, 19, 125, 198, 209; liberal democratic solution decline and 36, 38, 39, 44 Collective Security Treaty Organization 180 Colley, Linda xvinl collusion of elites 123 Colton, Timothy J. 204n82 Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI) (China) 122 Congo 24 Congress of Vienna 197, 198 consultative authoritarianism 154 contextual and constituent elements, of legitimacy 27-28 Conway, Kellyanne 60 Cordesman, Anthony H. 79, 101n3, 102n21, 103nn28, 33 corporate social responsibility 51-52 COSCO shipping company 90 CPEC see China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Craig, Paul 32n25 Crimea
173, 174, 180, 182-183 crony capitalism 99, 134n71; state capitalism and 117-125 Crow, Jim 57 Cuba 170 Cultural Revolution 141, 142 Cunningham, Fiona 103n28 Curia of the Catholic Church lOlnlO Cyberspace Silk Road 91-92 cyber theft, in China 128 Czechoslovakia 16 Dahl, Robert A. 27, 32n36, 202n34 Davidson, Philip S. 86, 104n48, 105n64 Dawisha, Karen 187, 188, 203nn68—69 de Gaulle, Charles 23, 27, 38, 160, 204nl02 Delta class submarines 181 Delury, John 132n3, 133nnl4, 27 Democracy and Its Critics (Dahl) 27 democratic legitimacy 27 democratization 30, 67n9, 165n23; partial 14, 15, 28 Deng Xiaoping 76, 90, lOlnll, 106n82, 109, 111, 119, 135n72, 157; CCP and 144; impact on Chinese economy 132n3; reforms of 113-115, 125-127; revision of Marxism 142-145; Vogel on 165n2; and Xi Jinping compared 117 Denmark 37 Denyer, Simon 168nl03 de Tocqueville, Alexis xv, 54, 65 Diamond, Jared хѵіпЗ, 5 Dickson, Bruce J. 134n50, 158, 164nl8, 165n23, 167nn72, 83-84 Digital Silk Road (DSR) 90, 95, 100, 106n80 digital sovereignty 125-126 Dikotter, Frank 132nnl—2, 165nn37, 42, 45 Dinan, Desmond 32n32 Diokno, Maria Serena I. 103n37 directed liberalism 117 discipline and infallibility 17-18 District of Columbia 62 Dittmer, Lowell 103n37 Djibouti 89-90, 98 Dongfeng-41 80 Donne, John 211 Doraleh port (Djibouti) 89 Douban (website) 157 DSR see Digital Silk Road (DSR)
Index 239 Duarte, Rodrigo (President of Philippines) 43 Dutch disease 189 Dutton, Peter 103nn37-38 Duval, Antoine 205nll4 Economist, The (magazine) 74, 126, 157, 165n23, 167n82 Economy, Elizabeth 102n23, 104-105n60, 107nl02, 123-124, 134n68, 136nl05, 161, 164n8, 165n37, 167n75, 168nl09 ECSC see European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Edsell, Thomas E. 70n96 EEC see European Economic Union (EEC) Egypt 29, 60, 90, 96, 170, 179 Eisenhower, Dwight 23 Electoral College 62, 63 Elsby, Michael W. L. 68n43 Elster, Jon 12nl5 Erdoğan Recep Tayyip 43, 58, 60 Erickson, Andrew S. 104n52 Ericson, Richard E. 33n41 Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) 177, 202n28 European Central Bank 68n44 European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) 26 European Commission 68n44 European Economic Union (EEC) 26 European Union (EU) 27, 31, 174, 177, 202n28, 210 Export-Import Bank of China 91 Facon, Isabelle 203n37 Fanell, James E. 102n20, 103n37 Farzana, Afridi 133n48 fascism 56, 162; and populism compared 55 FAW 89 Federalist Papers 54 Fei-Ling Wang 133n48 Fidesz Party (Poland) 58 Fidler, David 13n25 finance capitalism 8, 13nl9 Finchelstein, Federico 56, 69n83, 70n85 Finer, Samuel E. 12n2 Fish, Steven M. 204n82 Flexible Response strategy 20, 32nl7 Florida 63 force de frappe 22, 23, 27 Foreign Affairs (magazine) 17 Forum on China-Africa Cooperation 91 France 20, 22-23, 25-27, 36, 204nl02 Franklin, Benjamin xv Fravel, M. Taylor 103n28 Freedman, Lawrence 32n25, 103n32 freedom xi, 6, 7, 9—10, 76, 84, 200, 209, 214; of assembly 195; Imperative of Legitimacy and 139, 143, 152-154, 159-162, 164nl8; liberal democratic
solution and 17, 31, 32n36, 58, 66; personal 69n75, 158; political 51, 144; of press 199 Freedom House 71-72nl24, 154, 199 French, Howard W. 107nl05 Friedman, Milton 51-52, 69n75 Friedman, Thomas L. 7ІПІ14, 126, 135n81 Fritzsche, Peter 7ІПІ07 Fukuyama, Francis 12n2, 65, 107nl04 Gaddy, Clifford G. 187, 200n4 Galeiotti, Mark 201n20 Gao Hua 167n90 Gazprom 185 Ge Dongsheng 102nl4 Gel’man, Vladimir 191, 197, 204n82, 205nl04 Georgia (country) 77, 147, 165n41, 171, 173, 174, 183, 198 Georgia (U.S. state) 63, 64 Gerasimov, Valery 182 Germany 20, 24, 34, 36, 46 gerrymandering 62-64 Ghiasy, Richard 104n43 Gini coefficient 49, 68n44, 119, 133nn40, 43, 189 Ginsburg, Tom 7ІПІ19 Glasnost (political opening) 30 global communication networks 112 global financial market system, implosion of 45-46 globalization 65-66, 68n45 global society 1-2, 12n3, 87-88, 131, 200; Imperative of Legitimacy and 137, 139, 149, 157; liberal democratic solution and 15, 17, 31, 35, 38, 45; significance ofii, iii, xii, xv, xvinl, 206, 207, 213, 214 Gokhale, Vijay 149—151 Goldin, Claudia 68n45 Golding, William 12n5 Goldwater, Barry 40 Gorbachev, Mikhail 177 Gordon, David F. 106n95, 107nll2, 108nll8 Gorski, Jedrzej 105n66, 106nn86, 94, 107nl05
240 Index Grand Bargain 19, 20 Great Firewall 155 Great Leap Forward (1958-1962) 132nl, 141 Greece 16, 27, 68n44, 90, 105n72 Griffiths, Richard T. 107nl05 Grossman, Vasily 32nll Guatemala 23 Gudkov, Lev 192 Gunther, Frank 127, 135n86 Gusinsky, Vladimir 186 Guzman, Jacobo Arbenz 23 Hamilton Project (Brookings Institution) 48, 68n43 Hansen, Richard 7ІПІ14 Hanson, Philip 202n34 Hanson, Stephen E. 204n82 Haskel, Jonathan 68n45 Hassner, Pierre 13n25 Havel, Vaclav 139 Hayton, Bill 103nn37-38 Heath, Timothy R. 10ІПІ2, 102nl4 Heberle, Rudolf 71nl07 Heginbotham, Eric 102nnl6, 27, 104n52 Hell, Natalie 107nll4 Hibbard, Scott 57, 70n91 Hill, Fiona 200n4 Hindutva 57 Hirshman, Albert 197 Hobbes, Thomas xiii, 2-4, 9, 10, 12n5, 75, 164n3; Rousseau on 138 Hobbesian dilemma xiv, 14, 19, 35, 37-39, 65, 92, 208 Hoffman, Stanley 13n25 Holmes, Leslie 203n68, 204n82 Hong Kong 153, 157, 158, 160, 161, 167n92 Hopkins, Jonathan 68n44 Horsley, Jamie 134n63 How Democracies Die (Levitsky and Ziblatt) 28 Howell, William G. 64, 70n94, 7ІППІ15, 117 Huawei 90, 95, 116, 124, 128 Hujintao 73, 109, 144, 146-147, 152, 157 Никои system 133-134n48 Hungary 28, 42, 43, 53, 170, 179, 183, 200, 210 Huntington, Samuel P., Jr. 67nl0 Huq, Aziz 7ІПІ19 Hurley, John 108nll8 Hussein, Saddam 36 Ickes, Barry W. 187 Ikenberry, G. John xvinl5, 67nn9, 11 Imperative of Legitimacy xiii, xiv, 5-6; erosion of 53-61; liberal democracies and 26-28; Rousseau and 9-12; see also China Imperative of Order xiii, xiv, 29, 68ո39; erosion of 34-40; Hobbes and 3-4; liberal democracies and 15-24; see also China Imperative of Welfare xiii, xiv;
erosion of 45-46; Lenin and 8; liberal democracies and 24-26; Marx and Smith and 4-8; see also China India 47, 56-57, 89, 102nl3, 133nnl7-18, 150 Indonesia 83, 96, 133nl7 infallibility 17-18 INF see Intermediate-Range Ballistics Missile Treaty (INF) Inglehard, Ronald 71 nil5 Ingraham, Laura 60 Intermediate-Range Ballistics Missile Treaty (INF) 181 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1987) 177, 181 International Institute of Strategic Studies 99, ІОЗпЗІ International Monetary Fund 53, 68n44, 188, 213 Internet Research Agency 183 Iowa 63 Iran 23, 40, 89, 96, 178 Iraq 29, 35-36, 38-40, 178, 199 Ireland 68n44 Ismay, Lord 20 Italy 20, 25, 26, 37, 105n72, 183 Jackson, Julian 66n8, 204nl02 Jacobson, Linda 133nl5 Japan 19, 43, 46, 77, 10ІПІ2, 160, 210, 211 JCPOA see Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) Jentleson, Adam 64, 71nnll5-16 Jiang Zemin 157, 165n45 Johnson, Ian 162 Johnston, Alastair Ian. 167n81 Joint Communiqué of the Leaders of the Roundtable of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 93 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) 181 Jones, Eric Lionel 31nl
Index 241 Jones, Robert P. 7ІПІ15 jordan 29 Juergensmeyer, Marc xvinl8, 107nl04 Kaczyński, Jarosław 58 Kadyrov, Ramzan 175, 176 Kagan, Robert 37 Kanét, Roger E. 200n5 Kant, Immanuel 8, 75, 92 Kaplan, Fred 32n25, 103n32 Kappeler, Andreas 20ІПІ8 Karabarbounis, Lõukas 68n43 Karagiannis, Emmanuel 20ІПІ4 Kashmeri, Sarwar 87, 105nn62, 66, 107ППІ05, 112 Katz, Lawrence F. 68n45 Kazakhstan 89, 97, 102nl3, 202n28 Ka Zeng 132n9, 133nl4 Kennan, George 17-18, 29, 166n48 Kennedy, J. F. 38 Kenya 89 Keohane, Robert O. xvinl5 Key, V. O. 57, 70n93 Khanna, Parag xvinl Khodorkovsky, Mikhail 195 Kim Jong-un 43 Kissinger, Henry 23 Klein, Ezra 69n73, 7ІПІ15 Kołodziej, Edward vxinl4, 32nn28,35, 33nn40, 43, 68n42, 69n73, 70n92 Korda, Matt 103nn28, 32 Kornai, János 33n41 Kristensen, Hans M. 103nn28, 32 Kroeber, Arthur R. 132n9, 134n48 Kurski, Jacek 60 Kuwait 29, 35—36 Kyrgyzstan 89, 98, 102nl3, 202n28 labor-corporate relations 50-53 Laos 89, 98 Laquer, Walter 196 Lardy, Nicholas R. 133nl4 Latvia 89 Law and Order Party (Poland) 58 Laws, The (Plato) 10 Leandro, Francisco Jose 105nn61, 66 Lebow, Richard Ned 33n40, 201n7 Lee, Ann 168nl09 legal-rational 204nl01 Le Monde (magazine) 37 Lenin, Vladimir 8, 13nl9 Leonnig, Carol 67nl8, 70nl02 Lesotho garment factories 89 Levada Center poll (2014) 196 Leviathan 3, 4, 9, 12n5, 40, 67n9, 138; collective 15, 20 Levitsky, Steven 28, 203n68 Lew, Jacob J. 105nn64, 66, 106n80, 108nll8 liberal democratic model xi, 38; Imperative of Legitimacy and 26-28; Imperative of Order and 15-24; Imperatives of Welfare and 24-26, 45-46; inequality and 46-53; rise of 28—31;
triumphalist view of 107nl04 liberal institutionalism xiii, xvinl5 Libya 178 Li Chuncheng 122 Li Keqiang 146 Lippmann, Walter 28-29 Li Shi 134n52 Lithuania 89 “Little Red Book” (Xi Jinping) 158—159 Li Wenliang 130 Long, Huey 61 Lord of the Flies (Golding) 12n5 Lovell, Julia 164nl6 Lui Xiaobo 144, 148, 153 Lumumba, Patrice 24 Luxembourg 26 Maçães, Bruno 87, 94, 95, 106n99, 107ПІ13 MacFarquhar, Roderick 132n2 MacLean, Nancy 69n75 Madison, James 54 MAD see Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) Maduro, Nicolas 58 Magnitsky, Sergei 190 Magnitsky sanctions (2012) 190 Maizland, Lindsay 102nl6 majority factions 54 “Make America Great Again” campaign 44, 56, 65 Malaysia 33n41, 89, 96, 97 Maldives 96, 98 Manion, Melanie 134n56 Mann, Michael xiii, 12nn3, 165n23 Mann, Thomas 7ІПІ17 Mao Zedong 75, 78-79, 101n8, 109, 132n3, 138, 165n38; on CCP 78-79, 140-141; revision of Marxism 140-142 market system xiv, 7-8, 25, 35, 39, 74, 126, 129, 145, 176; free 5, 6, 8, 51, 87, 99, 109, 184, 212; global xvinll, 6, 7, 14, 24, 30, 33n42, 34, 45-46, 66, 127, 131, 143, 169, 184, 185, 199,
242 Index 212; lumpy 135n81; open 93; Trump understanding of 41; Western 66, 93, 109, 110, 119, 144, 169, 199 Marshall Plan xiv, 17, 91, 199; motivations for 24-25 Marx, Karl xiii, 2, 10, 13nl9; on capitalism 9; on Welfare Imperative 5 Maryanski, Alexandra 12nl7 Mattis, James 44 McDevitt 104n52 McGiffert, Carola 165n33 McGregor, Richard 165nn23, 32 McNamara, Robert 20, 21, 80 Mearsheimer, John J. xvin7 Medvedev, Dmitri 194 #MeToo movement 161 Mexico 47 Meyer, Maxiiban 105n71 Michigan 63 Microsoft 125 Miller, Tom 103nn34, 37 Milosz, Czeslaw 60 Minxin Pei 123, 124, 132n4, 133n27, 134nn56, 69, 71, 135n78 MIRVs see Multiple Independently Targeted Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs) Mishler, William 204n90 Mitter, Rana 162, 168nl06 Мое, Terry M. 64, 70n94, 71nnll5, 117 Moldova 77, 171, 173, 174, 183, 198 Molero-Simarro, Ricardo 133n40 Mongolia 89, 98 Monroe Doctrine: of China see South China Sea; of Putin 172-176 Montenegro 98 moral composition, of society 11 moral legitimacy 38, 162 moral superiority 32n36, 38 Morey, Daryl 161 Morgan Stanley 116 Morgenthau, HansJ. xvin7 Mosaddegh, Mohammad 23 Mounk, Yasha 7ІПІ19 Mueller, Robert S. Ill 183 Müller, Jan-Werner 32ո36, 70ո85, 7ІПІ06 Multiple Independently Targeted Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs) 22, 80, 203n38 multipolar system: in China 73-79, 81-82, 87, 90-91, 100, 102nl4, 105n61; in Russia 169, 170, 172, 176-184 Munich Conference on Security Policy (2007) 171 Munich Security Conference (2021) xi Munro, Neil 204n90 Musk, Elon 51 Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) 21, 73, 80, 81, 84, 86 Myanmar 89, 90, 97 “My People, My Country” (film) 157 Nathan,
Andrew J. 106n96, 164nll, 167n84 National Party Congress 146, 159-160 National Security Strategy of the United States 40 nation-state system xii, 112, 206, 207; Imperative of Legitimacy and 137, 149, 150; Imperative of Order and 73, 75, 88, 100, 107nl04; liberal democratic solution and 15, 19, 20, 32n36, 35-36, 38, 46, 59, 66; Russian OWL solution and 169, 171, 172, 174, 177 NATO see North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Naughton, Barry 133nl4 Navalny, Alexei 194-195, 205nl09 NDB see New Development Bank (NDB) Neiman, Brent 68n43 Netherlands 20, 26, 37 New Development Bank (NDB) 91 New Silk Road see Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) New Zealand 19, 77, 10ІПІ2 Ngeow Chow Bing 103n37 Ngonyani, Edwin 95 NGOs, in China 154, 164nl8, 167n70 Nicaragua 23 Nigeria 89, 96 1984 (Orwell) (novel) 162 Nixon, Richard 23, 57, 70n94 No Exit (Sartre) 191 Non-Aligned Movement (1961-1972) 142 Nong Hong 103n40 Norris, Robert S. 103n28 North Atlantic Treaty 198 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 14, 19-23, 28, 177, 210 North Carolina 63 North Dakota 63 North Korea 22, 40, 42, 43, 170, 178, 211 Norway 190 Novokmet, Filip 203n59 Obama, Barack 60, 109 old and new Europe 36-37 Oliker, Olga 203n37 Open Skies Treaty 181 Orbán, Victor 43, 58, 60
Index 243 Order, Welfare, and Legitimacy (OWL) xv, 2, 29-30; framework xii; imperatives xiii-xiv, 2; see also Imperative of Legitimacy; Imperative of Order; Imperative of Welfare Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) 47 Ornstein, Norman 7ІПІ17 Orwell, George 56, 148, 162, 166n48 Osgood, Robert E. 32nl4 Overholt, William 109, 125, 127, 132n4, 135n75, 136nl05, 147, 159, 164nn9, 20, 165n32, 168nl09 OWL see Order, Welfare, and Legitimacy (OWL) Pahlavi, Shah Mohammad Reza 23 Pakistan 89, 90, 94, 96-98, 102nl3 Pennsylvania 63 People’s Bank of China 116 People’s Liberation Army (PLA) 74, 138, 144; Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and 75, lOlnlO Peoples Daily (newspaper) 156 Perestroika (economic liberalization) 30 performance legitimacy 156-157 Peron, Eva 59 Peron,Juan 56 Perry, Rick 59 Philippines 32nl5, 42, 170, 179; and South China Sea dispute with China 82-83 Piketty, Thomas 68nn41, 45, 120, 133n43, 185, 189 Pippa, Norris 7ІПІ15 Piraeus (Greece) 90 PLA see Peoples’ Liberation Army (PLA) Pogo 54, 69n81 Poland 28, 36, 42, 43, 53, 133nl7, 170, 179, 183, 200, 210 Polikovskaya, Anna 195 Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) 146 Politkovskaya, Anna 176 Polyanyi, Karl 12nll Pomerantsev, Peter 203n69 Popkov, Dimitriy 195 populism 209, 210, 214; American 53-54, 7ІПІ15; attacks on liberal democracy 59-60; autocratic 54; and fascism compared 55; liberal democratic solution and 28, 34, 35, 45, 57-58, 69n83, 70n85; minority, serving minority rule 61-64; rejecting Rousseanian principles 56; Russian OWL solution and 169, 170, 175, 177, 179, 183, 200, 202n34; spread of 56;
Urbinati on 55 Portugal 28, 37, 68n44 poverty x, 17, 171, 212; BRI and 97; Imperative of Legitimacy and 139, 142, 143, 156, 157; Imperative of Order and 81, 89, 90, 92; Imperative of Welfare and 110, 113, 119, 127; liberal democratic solution and 47, 51, 58, 69n73 Powell, Colin 36 ProPublica (newspaper) 50, 51, 130 PSC see Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) Puerto Rico 62 Putin, Vladimir xi, xv, 2, 34-35, 42, 170, 200n2; critique of Western system 176-179; on democracy 194; diplomatic, military, and hybrid warfare strategies of 176-180; Imperative of Legitimacy and 190-197; Imperative of Order and 170-172; Kleptocracy of 123, 169, 175, 184—190, 196, 199; legitimacy and 192-193; military strategy of 180-184; Monroe Doctrine of 172-176, 201nl4; oligarchs and 185-188; OWL, critique of 197-200; popularity of 192; power of 194-197; on sovereignty 177; trust in 191-192; on United States 177 Qing dynasty 143 Qinglian He 158 Quartz 161 Rand Corporation study 85, 102nnl6, 27 Ratner, Ely 132n6, 165n23 Rawski, Thomas G. 132nn9, 14 Reagan, Ronald 23, 29, 177 Realism xiii Reich, Robert B. 68n41 Renren 155 Ren Zhiqiang 153 Republic (Plato) 10 Resource Management System (RMS) 186-188 Reus-Smit, Christian 204n92 RMS see Resource Management System (RMS) Roberts, Priscilla Mary 165n33 Roosevelt, Teddy 106n82 Rose, Richard 202n34, 204nn82, 90, 205nl04 Rosneft 186
244 Index Roughhead, Gary 105nn64, 66, 106ո80, 108ո118 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques xiii, 2, 164ոՅ, 191, 202ո34; ССР and 139; on Hobbes 138; Imperative of Legitimacy and 9-12 Roy, Denny 103n37, 104n48 Roy, Nalanda 103n37, 104n48 Rozelle, Scott 107nll4 Rucker, Philip 67nl8, 70nl02 Russia 58, 102nl3, 163, 210; and China compared 77-78, 80; Gini coefficient of 189; intervention in American elections 183-184; Kleptocracy of 123; see also Putin, Vladimir; military force of 77-78; nuclear stockpile of 180-181 Russian Federation 31, 34, 67nl0 Russian World 173-175, 193 Saez, Emmanuel 68nn41, 45, 69n67 Saich, Tony 165n36 Sandałów, Barry 108nll9 Sandel, Michael J. 12nll Satre, Jean-Paul 191 Saudi Arabia 60 Schell, Orville 132n3, 133nnl4, 27 Schmidt, Maria 60 Schmitt, Carl 55, 57, 59 Schoenhak, Michael 132n2 Schofield, Clive 103n40 Schroeder, Paul W. хѵіпЗ, 197, 20ІПІ0 SCO see Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) SDF see Silk Road Development Fund (SDF) self-determination 36, 178 self-interest 6-8, 78, 113, 131, 198, 208, 212, 213; liberal democratic solution and 35, 42, 54, 62 Senate filibuster 64 Serbia 178 Sergi, Bruno S. 202n28 SEZs see Special Economic Zones (SEZs) (China) Shambaugh, Jay 68nn43, 50 Shambough, David 133nl4 Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) 76, 91, 180 Shelby v. Holder 63 Shevtsova, Lilia 190, 192, 204n82 Shirk, Susan L. 165nn40, 44, 166n47 Shum, Desmond 135n78 Sides, John 7ІПІ15 Sil, Rúdra 187, 204nn82, 90 Silk Road Development Fund (SDF) 91 Sina 155 Sina Weibo 167n75 Singapore 33n41, 89 16+1 Forum 91 Škripal, Sergei 195, 205nl09 SLBMs see Submarine-
LaunchedBallistic-Missiles (SLBMs) Slovenia 183 Smith, Adam xiii, 2, 9, 92; on Welfare Imperative 5-8 Social Compact (Rousseau) 191 social contract 9—11, 139; as human creation 10; as social compact 164n3 Social Contract (Rousseau) 9-10, 138 Social Credit System (SCS) 155 social order 10, 11, 138 social power xiii, 12n3 SOEs see State-owned enterprises (SOEs) Soros, George 60 Sources of Totalitarianism (Arendt) 158 South Africa 24, 28, 89 South China Sea 81-86 Southern Politics in State and Nation (Key) 57 South Korea 19, 32nl5, 33n41, 43, 77, 10ІПІ2, 133nl7, 160, 210, 211 South Ossetia 173 sovereignty хѵіпЗ, 26, 37, 173, 176; China and 74, 84, 101n4, 106n82, 150, 153, 156, 161; digital 125—126; Internet 95; national 35-36, 82-83, 98; nation-state 35, 172, 177; popular 194, 204nl01; of states 31n2, 162, 169, 170, 177-179, 198, 200n2 Soviet Communist Party 32nll Soviet man, failure of 30 Soviet Union 16, 30, 60, 159; collapse of 31, 32n40, 147, 175, 191; flawed response to Imperative of Legitimacy 30; United States’ containment of 17-18, 29 Spain 37, 68n44 Special Economic Zones (SEZs) (China) 114 Spitzer, William 71nll5 Spratly Is!ands 83, 86 Sputnik 21 Sri Lanka 90, 97, 98 Stalin, Joseph 17 START treaty 181 Star Wars initiative 22, 29 State-owned enterprises (SOEs) 116, 117, 123-124, 129, 143
Index 245 Stein 201ո7 Straits of Malacca 94 Strauss, Leo 13n24 Submarine-Launched-Ballistic-Missiles (SLBMs) 181 Sudan 163, 199 Suez Canal Economic Zone 90 Suisheng Zhao 165n22 Sun, Irene Yuan 107nl05 Sun Wenguang 97 Swiss Academy of Development 197 Syria 171, 178, 179 Taiwan 33n41, 92, 100, 10ІПІ2, 142, 160, 210, 211 Tajikistan 89, 98, 102nl3 Talbott, Strobe 32n26 Tax Institute (University of California, Berkeley) 69n67 Taylor, Brendan 103nn34, 37 Tencent 125, 157 Texas 63, 64 Thailand 89, 133nl7 Thucydides’ Trap 92, 100, 101n3 Tiananmen massacre (China) 109, 115, 117, 135n72, 144, 147, 151, 160, 162 Tibet 154 Tiffert, Glenn 160 Ting Gong 123, 134n70 TI see Transparency International (TI) totalitarianism xi, 97, 204n82; Imperative of Legitimacy and 140, 148, 149, 151, 152, 158, 161-63, 167n75; liberal democratic solution and 17, 35, 66 Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs) (China) 113-14 Transnistria 173 Transparency International (TI) 121, 188, 203n68; Corruption Perception Index (CPI) 121; Global Corruption Barometer (GCB) 121 Trenin, Dmitri 203n37 Truman, Harry 17-18 Truman Doctrine 16-17, 24, 25; criticisms of 29 Trump, Donald, J. xv8, 102-103, 150, 164n3, 181, 208, 209; China and 42-44; on Duarte 43; on Erdoğan 43; on Kim Jong-un 43; liberal democratic solution and 37, 40-44, 53, 58-60, 70nn94, 70-7ІПІ06; minority populism serving minority rule during presidency of 61-64; niece’s diagnosis of 42; Putin and 42; repudiation of Bush Doctrine 41; on Xi Jinping 42-43 Trump, Mary Lee 42 Tunisia 89, 165n41 Turkey 16, 20, 42, 53, 58, 60, 89, 96, 170, 179, 200, 210
Turkmenistan 89 TVEs see Township and Village Enterprises (TVEs) (China) Twilight of Democracy, The (Applebaum) 54 Uighur resistance 153—154 Ukraine 77, 147, 165n41, 171, 173-174, 183, 198, 20ІПІ8 unbundling, of global trade 111, 112, 133nl7 UNCLOS see United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) unitary executive, doctrine of 61-62 United Kingdom 20, 22-23, 27, 31nl, 36, 37 United Nations Charter 162, 170 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 83 United States xiv, 32nl5, 101nl2; and China compared 80, 84-85, 120; containment of Soviet Union 17-19, 29; Gini coefficient and 49; inequality in 120; labor-corporate relations in 50-52; paper currency system of 25; populism in 53-54, 7ІПІ15; South China Sea issue and 84-85; Tax Code of 50-51; 2003 invasion of Iraq and 35-36, 38, 39; see also Trump, Donald J. UN Security Council 16, 36, 171 Urbinati, Nadia 55, 70n85 US Defense Department 86 US National Intelligence Council’s Global Trends: 2040 208 utopia 7, 9 Uzbekistan 89, 102nl3 Valdai Club Conference (2013) 172, 173, 177, 194, 201n6, 202nn29, 33, 205nl03 V-Dem Index 65, 7ІПІ24 V-Dem Institute (Gotherburg University) 65 Venezuela 58, 163, 170, 179, 200 Vietnam 23, 38, 83, 89, 142 Vines, David 106n96 Vitug, Marites Danguilan 103n40 Vogel, Ezra F. 132n3, 165n2 Voronov, Vladimir 203n42
246 Index voter suppression, forms of 63 Voting Rights Act (1965) 63 Wallace, George 61 Waltz, Kenneth N. xvin7, 13n25, 32-33n40 Wang, Vivian 135n94 Warsaw Pact 19, 29-31 Wealth of Nations (Smith) 6, 9 Weber, Max 12nl7, 192, 193, 196 Weber, Shlomo 203n52 WeChat 161 Wedeman, Andrew 124, 134nn56, 66, 69-70 Western Pacific 32nl5 West Germany 19, 24, 26 Westphalian system xi, xii, хѵіпЗ, 100, 163, 169, 178, 208, 214; equilibrium and 20ІПІ0; liberal democratic solution and 14, 15, 39, 40, 65 white supremacy 56-58, 70n94, 7ІПІ15 WHO see World Health Organization Wilkerson, Isabel 70n93 Williams, Daniel К. 7ІПІ15 Wilson, William Julius 51 Wilson, Woodrow 16-17, 39 Wilsonian internationalism 67nll Wisconsin 63 Wohlforth, William 32n40 Wohlstetter, Albert 21 Woodward, Bob 67nl9, 71nlll World Bank 121, 127, 188, 213; Control of Corruption Index 122 World Health Organization (WHO) 213 World Trade Organization (WTO) 109, 116, 125, 185, 212 Wright, Thomas J. 101n3 WTO see World Trade Organization (WTO) Xi Jinping 42-44, 48, 68n51; anti corruption campaign of 121, 122, 124-125, 135n78, 152; CCP and 144, 146; and Deng Xiaoping compared 117; dream, for China 87, 88, 104n60, 105n66, 119, 140, 145-149, 151-152, 166n56; on Hong Kong protests 161; Imperative of Legitimacy and 158-159, 162, 167n70; Imperative of Order and 87, 94, 97, 99, 101nn4, 12; Imperative of Welfare and 109, 110, 115, 126, 134nn68-169; leadership of 147, 152-153; on market system 128-129; personality, as source of power 166n47; presentation to Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures (2014) 76;
presentation to World Economic Forum (2017) 108nl20, 128, 135n90, 147; presentation to World Economic Forum (2021) 47; quandary of 149-157; reforms of 117; revision of Marxism 145-149; on state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 124, 129; see also Trump, Donald J. Xin Zhang 105n71 Xu Zhangrun 97, 166n63 Xu Zhiyong 153 Yangjisheng 132nnl-2 Yanokovich, Victor 174 Yasheng Huang 117, 133n23, 134n49 Yeltsin, Boris 66n2, 191, 195 Yi-Zheng Lian 167n92 Yuen, Samson 134n55 Yuen, Simon 135n78 Yukov186 Yulin Naval Base (Hainan Island) (China) 84 Zakaria, Fareed 102n20 Zhang Zhan 130 Zhao Ziyang lOlnll, 151 Zhou Bo 102n22 Zhou Yongkang 122, 152 Zhu Rongji 115-116, 133n26 Ziblatt, Daniel 28, 203n68 Zircon Hypersonic cruise missile 181 Zucman, Gabriel 68nn41, 45, 69n67 Bayerisch© Staatsbibliothek München |
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| spelling | Kolodziej, Edward A. 1935- Verfasser (DE-588)131646400 aut Global governance evaluating the liberal democratic, Chinese, and Russian solutions Edward A. Kolodziej London ; New York Routledge 2022 xviii, 246 Seiten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Demokratie (DE-588)4011413-2 gnd rswk-swf Global Governance (DE-588)4698151-2 gnd rswk-swf China (DE-588)4009937-4 gnd rswk-swf Westliche Welt (DE-588)4079237-7 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Westliche Welt (DE-588)4079237-7 g China (DE-588)4009937-4 g Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Global Governance (DE-588)4698151-2 s Demokratie (DE-588)4011413-2 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 9781003246572 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033187593&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033187593&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033187593&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Kolodziej, Edward A. 1935- Global governance evaluating the liberal democratic, Chinese, and Russian solutions Demokratie (DE-588)4011413-2 gnd Global Governance (DE-588)4698151-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4011413-2 (DE-588)4698151-2 (DE-588)4009937-4 (DE-588)4079237-7 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Global governance evaluating the liberal democratic, Chinese, and Russian solutions |
| title_auth | Global governance evaluating the liberal democratic, Chinese, and Russian solutions |
| title_exact_search | Global governance evaluating the liberal democratic, Chinese, and Russian solutions |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Global governance evaluating the liberal democratic, Chinese, and Russian solutions |
| title_full | Global governance evaluating the liberal democratic, Chinese, and Russian solutions Edward A. Kolodziej |
| title_fullStr | Global governance evaluating the liberal democratic, Chinese, and Russian solutions Edward A. Kolodziej |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global governance evaluating the liberal democratic, Chinese, and Russian solutions Edward A. Kolodziej |
| title_short | Global governance |
| title_sort | global governance evaluating the liberal democratic chinese and russian solutions |
| title_sub | evaluating the liberal democratic, Chinese, and Russian solutions |
| topic | Demokratie (DE-588)4011413-2 gnd Global Governance (DE-588)4698151-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Demokratie Global Governance China Westliche Welt Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033187593&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033187593&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033187593&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kolodziejedwarda globalgovernanceevaluatingtheliberaldemocraticchineseandrussiansolutions |