The Holocaust: roots, history, and aftermath
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York ; London
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
2022
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| Ausgabe: | 2nd edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | xv, 546 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780367541248 9780367541255 |
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| adam_text | Contents Preface to the Second Edition Introduction Sources for Further Study and Research 3 1 Jewish History: Ancient Beginnings and the Evolution of Christian Anti-Judaic Prejudice Through the Reformation Jewish Beginnings 5 Exile and New Traditions of Faith 6 The Jews, Hellenism, and the Maccabean (Hasmonean) Rebellion 7 Hasmonean Israel and Rome 9 Roots of Anti-Jewish Sentiment: The Jewish-Greek Conflict 10 Judaism, Jews, and the Coming of Christianity 10 The Jewish War and the Great Revolt (66-70 c.e.) 11 Judaism, Christianity, and the Bar Kochba Rebellion 12 Constantine, Christianity, and the Jews 14 Jews in the Last Century of the Western Roman Empire 15 Jews in Early Medieval Europe and the Byzantine Empire 17 The Crusades and the Jews of the Mediterranean World 20 Pope Innocent III and the Jews 23 Medieval Usury: Christians and Jews 24 The Myth of Ritual Murder 25 The Deadly Centuries: The Jews at the End of the Middle Ages 26 The Expulsion of the Jews from Western Europe 27 The Black Death 28 The Final Humiliation: Expulsion from Spain and Portugal 29 The Protestant Reformation 30 Martin Luther 31 Luther and the Jews 31 Zwingli, Calvin, and the Jews 34 The Roman Catholic Church, the Jews, and the Counter Reformation 34 Conclusion 35 Sources for Further Study and Research 36
viii Contents 2 Jews, the Enlightenment, Emancipation, and the Rise of Racial Anti-Semitism Through the Early Twentieth Century The Jews in Post-Reformation Europe 40 The Enlightenment 40 The French Revolutions of 1789-1799, Napoleon Լ and the Jews 47 The Jews in Post-Napoleonic Europe 48 The Intellectual and Nationalistic Origins of Anti-Semitism in the Nineteenth Century 50 Political Anti-Semitism in Germany, Austria, France, and Russia Prior to World War I 56 Germany 56 Austria-Hungary 59 French Anti-Semitism and the Dreyfus Affair 61 Russia 65 The Jews of Poland and Lithuania 65 The Jews in Postpartition Russia 66 The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 70 Conclusion 72 Sources for Further Study and Research 73 3 The World of Adolf Hitler, 1889-1933: War, Politics, and Anti-Semitism Adolf Hitler: Family Roots and Questions of Jewish Ancestry 78 Hitler’s Early Life 79 Hitler’s Vienna Years 81 Hitler, Munich, and German Anti-Semitism 81 Hitler and World War I 82 Hitler, Versailles, and the Early Weimar Republic 84 Hitler, the Early Nazi Party, and Anti-Semitism 89 Conclusion 99 Sources for Further Study and Research 100 4 The Nazis in Power, 1933-1939: Eugenics, Race, and Biology; Jews, the Handicapped, and the Roma Germany’s Interwar Jewish Community 103 The Nazification of Germany and the Jewish Question”: 1933-1935 104 The Nuremberg Laws 114 The Nazi Aryan Olympics (1936) 117 Aryanization and the Road to Kristallnacht 120 The Early Campaign of Forced Sterilization 128 Euthanasia: Theory and Nazi Practice 130 The Roma (Gypsies) 133 Homosexuals, or Gays 138 Conclusion 141
Sources for Further Study and Research 141
Contents 5 Nazi Germany at War, 1939-1941: “Euthanasia” and the Handicapped; Ghettos and Jews ix 145 Children’s “Euthanasia” Program 146 Adult .Euthanasia” Program 150 The Road to War and the German Invasion of Poland 154 Racial War in Poland: Polish Christians 154 The Creation of the General Government: Nazi Germany’s “Racial Laboratory” 158 The Jews in Interwar Poland 160 The War Against the Jews in Poland 161 The Physical and Economic Exploitation of the Jews in the General Government 163 The Nisko Plan, the Lublin Reservation, and Madagascar 164 The Madagascar Plan 165 The Creation of the Ghettos in German-Occupied Poland 167 Łódź (Litzmannstadt) : Jews and Roma 167 Warsaw 172 Kraków ( Cracow) 173 Rule, Life, and Work in the Kraków Ghetto 177 Forced Labor and Food 181 Conclusion 183 Sources for Further Study and Research 184 6 The Invasion of the Soviet Union and the Path to the “Final Solution” 188 Jews in Soviet-Conquered Territory 189 Zwartendijk and Sugihara: Righteous Gentiles in Vilnius 191 Operation Barbarossa and Plans for Mass Murder 192 The Einsatzgruppen 195 The Wehrmacht 196 The German Invasion of the Soviet Union 199 Early German Killing Operations in the Soviet Union 200 Collaboration in Latvia, Lithuania, and Ukraine 201 Hungarian and Romanian Collaboration 208 The Roma and the Handicapped 210 The Roma 210 The Handicapped 216 Conclusion 217 Sources for Further Study and Research 218 7 The “Final Solution,” 1941-1944: Death Camps and Experiments with Mass Murder Planning for the Final Solution 223 The Transfers from the Greater Reich 226 Theresienstadt
226 Experiments with the Machinery of Death 229 222
x Contents The Wannsee Conference 231 The Final Solution 236 Chełmno 236 The Aktion Reinhard Death Camps: Bełżec, Sobibór, and Treblinka 238 Bełżec 238 Sobibór 242 The Sobibór Uprising and the Erntefest Massacres 242 Treblinka 245 The Treblinka Uprising 247 Auschwitz 249 The Factory of Death: Auschwitz 11-Birkenau 253 The Gypsy Family Camp 254 Medical Experiments in Auschwitz I and II 256 Auschwitz Ш-Buna/Monowitz 260 Resistance in Auschwitz 260 Majdanek 261 Liquidation of the Major Ghettos 265 The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: April 19-May 16, 1943 265 Vilna 270 Minsk 273 Riga 274 Kovno 276 Łódź 277 Conclusion 278 Sources for Further Study and Research 278 8 The Final Solution in Western Europe and the Nazi-Allied States The Holocaust in Western Europe 283 Belgium and Luxembourg 283 Denmark 285 France 287 Greece 292 The Netherlands 292 Norway 296 The Nazi-Allied States 297 Bulgaria 297 Finland 301 Hungary 302 Italy 309 Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia and Slovakia 313 The Roma in the Protectorate 313 Slovakia 314 The Roma 317 Romania 318 The Roma 321 Yugoslavia (Croatia and Serbia) 324
Contents xi The NDH (Croatia) 325 Serbia 327 Conclusion 329 Sources for Further Study and Research 330 9 The Holocaust and the Role of Europe’s Neutrals: Then and Now 340 Europe’s Neutrals 341 Portugal 341 Spain 343 Sweden 347 Switzerland 353 Turkey 361 The Vatican 367 Conclusion 375 Sources for Further Study and Research 376 10 Liberation, DPs, and the Search for Justice: War Crimes Investigations and Trials in Europe, the United States, and Israel 385 Liberation of the Camps 387 Displaced Persons: Jews and Roma 390 The Jews 390 The Roma 394 The Trials of the Major War Criminals 397 The International Military Tribunal 399 International Military Tribunal Nuremberg Trial 399 Allied Nuremberg Trials 404 War Crimes Trials in the British Zone 410 The Federal Republic of Germany 411 War Crimes Investigations and Trials in Western Europe 416 France 417 German Democratic Republic 422 War Crimes Trials in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union 423 Hungary 423 Poland 425 The Soviet Union 427 Israel 431 Conclusion 438 Sources for Further Study and Research 439 11 Historiography, Memorialization, and Lessons ‘Unlearned’ The Pain and Stress of Memory 447 Commemoration, Education, Research, and Documentation 454 Israel 455 United States 456 446
xii Contents German Democratic Republic 458 Federal Republic of Germany since 1990 458 Poland 460 The Past as Prologue? 466 Sources for Further Study and Research 469 Glossary Appendix A—Estimates of Jewish Deaths During the Holocaust Appendix В—Estimates of Roma Deaths During the Holocaust Appendix C—Yad Vashem: Righteous Among the Nations Appendix D—SS Ranks (Based on US Army Equivalents) Appendix E—German Army Ranks (Based on US Army Equivalents) Notes Index 475 478 479 480 481 482 483 516
Now in its second edition, this book takes a fresh, probing look at one of the greatest human tragedies in modern historv. Beginning with a detailed overview or the historv of the Jews and their two-millennia-old struggle with the anti-Judaic and anti-Semitic prejudice and discrimination that set the stage for the Holocaust, David M. Crowe discusses the evolution of Nazi racial policies, beginning with the development of Adolf Hitlers anti-Semitic ideas, their importance to the Nazi movement in the 1 920s and 1 930s. and their expanding role in the evolution of German policies leading to the Final Solution in 1941 ֊ the mass murder of jews throughout Nazi-occupied Europe, lbe German program invok ed the creation of death camps like Auschwitz and Treblinka and mass murder sites throughout Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. While the Jews were the principal victims, other groups who were deemed racial or biological threats to Hitlers goal of creating an Aryan-pure Europe were also targeted, including the Roma and the handicapped. This book discusses Nazi policies in each countrv in German-occupied Europe as well as the role of Europe s neutrals in the larger German scheme-of-things. It also takes an in-depth look at liberation. Displaced Persons, the founding of Israel, and efforts throughout the western world to bring Nazi war criminals and their collaborators to justice. This second edition includes a new chapter on the importance of memori՛ and the Holocaust, the evolution of interpretative Holocaust scholarship and media, recent controversies about national
responsibilitv. and the work of Holocaust museums, archives, and libraries in Israel. Germane. Poland, and the United States to promote Holocaust education and memory. It concludes with the rise of Neo-Nazism, white nationalism, and other movements in Germane and the United States, and their relationship to questions about Holocaust memory and its lessons. Comprehensive and offering a detailed historical perspective, this is the perfect resource for those looking to gain a deep understanding of this tragedv.
|
| adam_txt |
Contents Preface to the Second Edition Introduction Sources for Further Study and Research 3 1 Jewish History: Ancient Beginnings and the Evolution of Christian Anti-Judaic Prejudice Through the Reformation Jewish Beginnings 5 Exile and New Traditions of Faith 6 The Jews, Hellenism, and the Maccabean (Hasmonean) Rebellion 7 Hasmonean Israel and Rome 9 Roots of Anti-Jewish Sentiment: The Jewish-Greek Conflict 10 Judaism, Jews, and the Coming of Christianity 10 The Jewish War and the Great Revolt (66-70 c.e.) 11 Judaism, Christianity, and the Bar Kochba Rebellion 12 Constantine, Christianity, and the Jews 14 Jews in the Last Century of the Western Roman Empire 15 Jews in Early Medieval Europe and the Byzantine Empire 17 The Crusades and the Jews of the Mediterranean World 20 Pope Innocent III and the Jews 23 Medieval Usury: Christians and Jews 24 The Myth of Ritual Murder 25 The Deadly Centuries: The Jews at the End of the Middle Ages 26 The Expulsion of the Jews from Western Europe 27 The Black Death 28 The Final Humiliation: Expulsion from Spain and Portugal 29 The Protestant Reformation 30 Martin Luther 31 Luther and the Jews 31 Zwingli, Calvin, and the Jews 34 The Roman Catholic Church, the Jews, and the Counter Reformation 34 Conclusion 35 Sources for Further Study and Research 36
viii Contents 2 Jews, the Enlightenment, Emancipation, and the Rise of Racial Anti-Semitism Through the Early Twentieth Century The Jews in Post-Reformation Europe 40 The Enlightenment 40 The French Revolutions of 1789-1799, Napoleon Լ and the Jews 47 The Jews in Post-Napoleonic Europe 48 The Intellectual and Nationalistic Origins of Anti-Semitism in the Nineteenth Century 50 Political Anti-Semitism in Germany, Austria, France, and Russia Prior to World War I 56 Germany 56 Austria-Hungary 59 French Anti-Semitism and the Dreyfus Affair 61 Russia 65 The Jews of Poland and Lithuania 65 The Jews in Postpartition Russia 66 The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 70 Conclusion 72 Sources for Further Study and Research 73 3 The World of Adolf Hitler, 1889-1933: War, Politics, and Anti-Semitism Adolf Hitler: Family Roots and Questions of Jewish Ancestry 78 Hitler’s Early Life 79 Hitler’s Vienna Years 81 Hitler, Munich, and German Anti-Semitism 81 Hitler and World War I 82 Hitler, Versailles, and the Early Weimar Republic 84 Hitler, the Early Nazi Party, and Anti-Semitism 89 Conclusion 99 Sources for Further Study and Research 100 4 The Nazis in Power, 1933-1939: Eugenics, Race, and Biology; Jews, the Handicapped, and the Roma Germany’s Interwar Jewish Community 103 The Nazification of Germany and the "Jewish Question”: 1933-1935 104 The Nuremberg Laws 114 The Nazi Aryan Olympics (1936) 117 Aryanization and the Road to Kristallnacht 120 The Early Campaign of Forced Sterilization 128 Euthanasia: Theory and Nazi Practice 130 The Roma (Gypsies) 133 Homosexuals, or Gays 138 Conclusion 141
Sources for Further Study and Research 141
Contents 5 Nazi Germany at War, 1939-1941: “Euthanasia” and the Handicapped; Ghettos and Jews ix 145 Children’s “Euthanasia” Program 146 Adult ".Euthanasia” Program 150 The Road to War and the German Invasion of Poland 154 Racial War in Poland: Polish Christians 154 The Creation of the General Government: Nazi Germany’s “Racial Laboratory” 158 The Jews in Interwar Poland 160 The War Against the Jews in Poland 161 The Physical and Economic Exploitation of the Jews in the General Government 163 The Nisko Plan, the Lublin Reservation, and Madagascar 164 The Madagascar Plan 165 The Creation of the Ghettos in German-Occupied Poland 167 Łódź (Litzmannstadt) : Jews and Roma 167 Warsaw 172 Kraków ( Cracow) 173 Rule, Life, and Work in the Kraków Ghetto 177 Forced Labor and Food 181 Conclusion 183 Sources for Further Study and Research 184 6 The Invasion of the Soviet Union and the Path to the “Final Solution” 188 Jews in Soviet-Conquered Territory 189 Zwartendijk and Sugihara: Righteous Gentiles in Vilnius 191 Operation Barbarossa and Plans for Mass Murder 192 The Einsatzgruppen 195 The Wehrmacht 196 The German Invasion of the Soviet Union 199 Early German Killing Operations in the Soviet Union 200 Collaboration in Latvia, Lithuania, and Ukraine 201 Hungarian and Romanian Collaboration 208 The Roma and the Handicapped 210 The Roma 210 The Handicapped 216 Conclusion 217 Sources for Further Study and Research 218 7 The “Final Solution,” 1941-1944: Death Camps and Experiments with Mass Murder Planning for the Final Solution 223 The Transfers from the Greater Reich 226 Theresienstadt
226 Experiments with the Machinery of Death 229 222
x Contents The Wannsee Conference 231 The Final Solution 236 Chełmno 236 The Aktion Reinhard Death Camps: Bełżec, Sobibór, and Treblinka 238 Bełżec 238 Sobibór 242 The Sobibór Uprising and the "Erntefest" Massacres 242 Treblinka 245 The Treblinka Uprising 247 Auschwitz 249 The Factory of Death: Auschwitz 11-Birkenau 253 The Gypsy Family Camp 254 Medical Experiments in Auschwitz I and II 256 Auschwitz Ш-Buna/Monowitz 260 Resistance in Auschwitz 260 Majdanek 261 Liquidation of the Major Ghettos 265 The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: April 19-May 16, 1943 265 Vilna 270 Minsk 273 Riga 274 Kovno 276 Łódź 277 Conclusion 278 Sources for Further Study and Research 278 8 The Final Solution in Western Europe and the Nazi-Allied States The Holocaust in Western Europe 283 Belgium and Luxembourg 283 Denmark 285 France 287 Greece 292 The Netherlands 292 Norway 296 The Nazi-Allied States 297 Bulgaria 297 Finland 301 Hungary 302 Italy 309 Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia and Slovakia 313 The Roma in the Protectorate 313 Slovakia 314 The Roma 317 Romania 318 The Roma 321 Yugoslavia (Croatia and Serbia) 324
Contents xi The NDH (Croatia) 325 Serbia 327 Conclusion 329 Sources for Further Study and Research 330 9 The Holocaust and the Role of Europe’s Neutrals: Then and Now 340 Europe’s Neutrals 341 Portugal 341 Spain 343 Sweden 347 Switzerland 353 Turkey 361 The Vatican 367 Conclusion 375 Sources for Further Study and Research 376 10 Liberation, DPs, and the Search for Justice: War Crimes Investigations and Trials in Europe, the United States, and Israel 385 Liberation of the Camps 387 Displaced Persons: Jews and Roma 390 The Jews 390 The Roma 394 The Trials of the Major War Criminals 397 The International Military Tribunal 399 International Military Tribunal Nuremberg Trial 399 Allied Nuremberg Trials 404 War Crimes Trials in the British Zone 410 The Federal Republic of Germany 411 War Crimes Investigations and Trials in Western Europe 416 France 417 German Democratic Republic 422 War Crimes Trials in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union 423 Hungary 423 Poland 425 The Soviet Union 427 Israel 431 Conclusion 438 Sources for Further Study and Research 439 11 Historiography, Memorialization, and Lessons ‘Unlearned’ The Pain and Stress of Memory 447 Commemoration, Education, Research, and Documentation 454 Israel 455 United States 456 446
xii Contents German Democratic Republic 458 Federal Republic of Germany since 1990 458 Poland 460 The Past as Prologue? 466 Sources for Further Study and Research 469 Glossary Appendix A—Estimates of Jewish Deaths During the Holocaust Appendix В—Estimates of Roma Deaths During the Holocaust Appendix C—Yad Vashem: Righteous Among the Nations Appendix D—SS Ranks (Based on US Army Equivalents) Appendix E—German Army Ranks (Based on US Army Equivalents) Notes Index 475 478 479 480 481 482 483 516
Now in its second edition, this book takes a fresh, probing look at one of the greatest human tragedies in modern historv. Beginning with a detailed overview or the historv of the Jews and their two-millennia-old struggle with the anti-Judaic and anti-Semitic prejudice and discrimination that set the stage for the Holocaust, David M. Crowe discusses the evolution of Nazi racial policies, beginning with the development of Adolf Hitlers anti-Semitic ideas, their importance to the Nazi movement in the 1 920s and 1 930s. and their expanding role in the evolution of German policies leading to the Final Solution in 1941 ֊ the mass murder of jews throughout Nazi-occupied Europe, lbe German program invok ed the creation of death camps like Auschwitz and Treblinka and mass murder sites throughout Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. While the Jews were the principal victims, other groups who were deemed racial or biological threats to Hitlers goal of creating an Aryan-pure Europe were also targeted, including the Roma and the handicapped. This book discusses Nazi policies in each countrv in German-occupied Europe as well as the role of Europe s neutrals in the larger German scheme-of-things. It also takes an in-depth look at liberation. Displaced Persons, the founding of Israel, and efforts throughout the western world to bring Nazi war criminals and their collaborators to justice. This second edition includes a new chapter on the importance of memori՛ and the Holocaust, the evolution of interpretative Holocaust scholarship and media, recent controversies about national
responsibilitv. and the work of Holocaust museums, archives, and libraries in Israel. Germane. Poland, and the United States to promote Holocaust education and memory. It concludes with the rise of Neo-Nazism, white nationalism, and other movements in Germane and the United States, and their relationship to questions about Holocaust memory and its lessons. Comprehensive and offering a detailed historical perspective, this is the perfect resource for those looking to gain a deep understanding of this tragedv. |
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| geographic | Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Deutschland |
| id | DE-604.BV047706964 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:59:26Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:19:43Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780367541248 9780367541255 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033090834 |
| oclc_num | 1304475397 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-384 DE-11 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-384 DE-11 DE-12 |
| physical | xv, 546 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220524 DHB_BSB_FID |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Crowe, David 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)1054440247 aut The Holocaust roots, history, and aftermath David M. Crowe, Chapman University and Elon University 2nd edition New York ; London Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2022 xv, 546 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd rswk-swf Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 gnd rswk-swf Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 gnd rswk-swf Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Antisemitism / Europe / History World War, 1939-1945 / Atrocities Antisemitism Atrocities Europe 1939-1945 History Deutschland (DE-588)4011882-4 g Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 s Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 s Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk. 978-1-003-08770-0 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033090834&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033090834&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Crowe, David 1943- The Holocaust roots, history, and aftermath Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4073091-8 (DE-588)4002333-3 (DE-588)4011882-4 |
| title | The Holocaust roots, history, and aftermath |
| title_auth | The Holocaust roots, history, and aftermath |
| title_exact_search | The Holocaust roots, history, and aftermath |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Holocaust roots, history, and aftermath |
| title_full | The Holocaust roots, history, and aftermath David M. Crowe, Chapman University and Elon University |
| title_fullStr | The Holocaust roots, history, and aftermath David M. Crowe, Chapman University and Elon University |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Holocaust roots, history, and aftermath David M. Crowe, Chapman University and Elon University |
| title_short | The Holocaust |
| title_sort | the holocaust roots history and aftermath |
| title_sub | roots, history, and aftermath |
| topic | Judenvernichtung (DE-588)4073091-8 gnd Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Judenvernichtung Antisemitismus Deutschland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033090834&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033090834&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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