Legitimate expectations and fair-and-equitable-treatment under the energy charter treaty: a comparative analysis of the renewable energy cases
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Baden-Baden
Nomos
2022
Zürich ; St. Gallen Dike Verlag 2022 Wien facultas 2022 |
| Ausgabe: | 1st edition |
| Schriftenreihe: | Studies in international investment law
volume 41 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 370 Seiten 22.7 cm x 15.3 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783848786541 9783708922324 9783038914273 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Landmann, Niclas |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)125156657X |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Legitimate expectations and fair-and-equitable-treatment under the energy charter treaty |b a comparative analysis of the renewable energy cases |c Niclas Landmann |
| 250 | |a 1st edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Baden-Baden |b Nomos |c 2022 | |
| 264 | 1 | |a Zürich ; St. Gallen |b Dike Verlag |c 2022 | |
| 264 | 1 | |a Wien |b facultas |c 2022 | |
| 300 | |a 370 Seiten |c 22.7 cm x 15.3 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Studies in international investment law |v volume 41 | |
| 502 | |b Dissertation |c Universität Köln |d 2021 | ||
| 630 | 0 | 7 | |a Energiecharta-Vertrag |0 (DE-588)4517484-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1997-2021 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Auslandsinvestition |0 (DE-588)4003772-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Erneuerbare Energien |0 (DE-588)4068598-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit |0 (DE-588)4162055-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Investitionsschutz |0 (DE-588)4238208-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Rechtsprechung |0 (DE-588)4115710-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | |a Erneuerbare Energien | ||
| 653 | |a Energie-Charta-Vertrag | ||
| 653 | |a Energierecht | ||
| 653 | |a Renewable Energy Cases | ||
| 653 | |a ECT | ||
| 653 | |a Investment Law | ||
| 653 | |a Investorenschutz | ||
| 653 | |a Fair and Equitable Treatment | ||
| 653 | |a Energy Law | ||
| 653 | |a Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit | ||
| 653 | |a FET | ||
| 653 | |a Due Diligence | ||
| 653 | |a Legitimate Expectations | ||
| 653 | |a Commitment | ||
| 653 | |a Renewable Energy | ||
| 653 | |a Investitionsschutzrecht | ||
| 653 | |a Legitime Erwartungen | ||
| 653 | |a Vertrauensschutz | ||
| 653 | |a Faire und gleiche Behandlung | ||
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| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Auslandsinvestition |0 (DE-588)4003772-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 5 | |a Investitionsschutz |0 (DE-588)4238208-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 6 | |a Geschichte 1997-2021 |A z |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804183190654418944 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TABLE
OF
CONTENT
TABLE
OF
ABBREVIATIONS
17
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
21
INTRODUCTION
23
I.
PREMISES
AND
METHODOLOGY
OF
THE
RESEARCH
29
1)
ARBITRAL
AWARDS
AS
A
LEGAL
SOURCE
30
2)
PRECEDENT
IN
INTERNATIONAL
INVESTMENT
LAW
33
3)
METHOD
OF
ANALYSIS
36
II.
OPEN
QUESTIONS
IN
THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF
THE
NOTION
OF
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
38
1)
WHAT
ARE
THE
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
A
COMMITMENT
BY
THE
STATE?
39
2)
CAN
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
CREATE
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS?
40
3)
HOW
MUCH
DUE
DILIGENCE
MUST
AN
INVESTOR
APPLY?
41
III.
THE
IMPACT
OF
REGULATORY
MEASURES
ON
THE
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
SECTOR
42
CHAPTER
1:
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
48
I.
INTERPRETATION
OF
PROVISIONS
INCLUDING
THE
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
STANDARD
50
II.
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
AS
AN
OVERARCHING
INTERNATIONAL
LAW
PRINCIPLE
52
III.
THE
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
STANDARD
IN
ABSTRACT
55
1)
THE
ORDINARY
MEANING
OF
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
55
2)
UNJUST
AND
ARBITRARY
TREATMENT
57
3)
TRANSPARENCY
AND
PREDICTABILITY
58
4)
DISCRIMINATION
AGAINST
FOREIGN
INVESTORS
58
5)
THE
OBLIGATION
OF
TREATMENT
IN
GOOD
FAITH
60
6)
CONSISTENCY
AND
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
60
7)
ADDRESSEES
OF
THE
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
OBLIGATION
63
8)
THE
BASIC
ASPECTS
OF
THE
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
STANDARD
64
9
IV.
LEGAL
SPECIFICS
UNDER
THE
ENERGY
CHARTER
TREATY
64
CHAPTER
2:
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
AS
THE
CORE
ELEMENT
OF
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
70
I.
PURPOSE
OF
THE
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS:
BALANCING
LEGAL
INTERESTS
73
II.
TIME
FOR
THE
DETERMINATION
OF
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
76
III.
COMPONENTS
OF
THE
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
78
1)
CONTENT
OF
THE
INVESTORS
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
80
2)
ASPECTS
OF
THE
COMMITMENT
OF
THE
STATE
81
A)
REPRESENTATIVES
OF
THE
STATE
IN
INTERNATIONAL
INVESTMENT
LAW
84
B)
CONTRACTUAL
AGREEMENTS
86
C)
UNILATERAL
DECLARATIONS
AND
SPECIFIC
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTS
88
D)
INFORMAL
AND
GENERAL
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTS
90
E)
THE
LEGAL
REGULATORY
FRAMEWORK
92
3)
THE
DUE
DILIGENCE
OF
THE
INVESTOR
95
4)
FOUNDATIONS
FOR
THE
ANALYSIS
OF
RECENT
JURISPRUDENCE
100
IV.
THE
ACT
OF
BALANCING
UNDER
INTERNATIONAL
INVESTMENT
LAW
102
1)
THE
STATES
RIGHT
TO
REGULATE
103
A)
THE
EU
S
REFORMATION
EFFORTS
105
B)
LIMITATIONS
TO
THE
STATES
SOVEREIGNTY
105
C)
THE
STATES
MARGIN
OF
DISCRETION
110
2)
THE
CONCEPT
OF
STABILITY
113
A)
PROTECTION
OF
STABILITY
IN
ARBITRAL
JURISPRUDENCE
113
B)
THE
TENSION
BETWEEN
THE
RIGHT
TO
REGULATE
AND
CONCEPT
OF
STABILITY
116
3)
APPLICATION
OF
THE
PROPORTIONALITY
TEST
IN
BALANCING
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
117
A)
THE
ORIGINS
OF
PROPORTIONALITY
IN
INTERNATIONAL
LAW
121
B)
THE
CONTINENTAL
EUROPEAN
APPROACH
TO
PROPORTIONALITY
125
C)
REASONABLENESS
AND
PROPORTIONALITY
128
D)
THE
IMPORTANCE
OF
A
SYSTEMATIC
APPROACH
TO
THE
BALANCING
ISSUE
133
CHAPTER
3:
THE
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
CASES
136
I.
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
136
10
II.
TECHNOLOGICAL
BACKGROUND
137
III.
FACTUAL
BACKGROUND
AND
ARBITRAL
JURISPRUDENCE
138
1)
THE
SPANISH
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
SAGA
139
A)
DISPUTED
MEASURES
139
(1)
THE
RISE
OF
THE
SPECIAL
REGIME
140
(2)
THE
AMENDMENT
OF
THE
SPECIAL
REGIME
IN
2010
141
(3)
THE
ABROGATION
AND
THE
REPLACEMENT
OF
THE
SPECIAL
REGIME
IN
2013
143
B)
THE
SPANISH
CASES
145
(1)
INVESTMENTS
UNDER
THE
2007
SPECIAL
REGIME
145
(A)
CHARANNE
AND
CONSTRUCTION
INVESTMENTS
S.A.R.L.
V.
SPAIN
146
(B)
EISER
INFRASTRUCTURE
LTD
AND
ENERGIA
SOLAR
LUXEMBOURG
S.A.R.L.
V.
SPAIN
147
(C)
NOVENERGIA
II
-
ENERGY
&
ENVIRONMENT
(SCA),
SICARV.
SPAIN
147
(D)
CAVALUM
SGPS
V.
SPAIN
148
(E)
MASDAR
SOLAR
&
WIND
COOPERATIEF
U.A.
V.
SPAIN
149
(F)
FORESIGHT
V.
SPAIN
149
(G)
CUBE
INFRASTRUCTURE
V.
SPAIN
150
(H)
NEXTERA
V.
SPAIN
151
(I)
9REN
HOLDING
S.A.R.L
V.
SPAIN
152
(J)
SOLES
BADAJOZ
GMBH
V.
SPAIN
152
(K)
OPERAFUND
V.
SPAIN
153
(L)
STADTWERKE
MIINCHEN
V.
SPAIN
153
(M)
BAYWA
R.E.
V.
SPAIN
154
(N)
RWE
INNOGY
GMBH
AND
RWE
INNOGY
AERSA
S.A.U.
V.
SPAIN
155
(O)
THE
PV
INVESTORS
V.
SPAIN
156
(P)
HYDRO
ENERGY
1
S.A
R.L.
AND
HYDROXANA
SWEDEN
AB
V.
SPAIN
157
(2)
INVESTMENTS
UNDER
THE
2010
AMENDMENTS
157
(A)
ANTIN
INFRASTRUCTURE
SERVICES
AND
ANTIN
ENERGIA
TERMOSOLAR
V.
SPAIN
158
(B)
RREEF
INFRASTRUCTURE
(GP)
LTD
ET
AL
V.
SPAIN
158
(C)
INFRARED
ENVIRONMENTAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
GP
LIMITED
AND
OTHERS
V.
SPAIN
159
(D)
WATKINS
HOLDINGS
S.A.R.L.
AND
OTHERS
V.
KINGDOM
OF
SPAIN
160
(E)
STEAG
GMBH
V.
SPAIN
161
11
(F)
ISOLUX
NETHERLANDS
B.V.
V.
SPAIN
162
2)
THE
ITALIAN
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
SAGA
162
A)
DISPUTED
MEASURES
165
B)
THE
ITALIAN
CASES
167
(1)
BLUSUN
SA,
JEAN-PIERRE
LECORCIER
AND
MICHAEL
STEIN
V.
ITALY
167
(2)
ESKOSOL
S.P.A.
V.
ITALY
169
(3)
ESPF
BETEILIGUNGS
GMBH
ET.
AL.
V.
ITALY
169
(4)
GREENTECH
ENERGY
SYSTEMS
A/S
ET.
AL.
V
ITALY
170
(5)
CEF
ENERGIA
B.V.
V.
ITALY
171
(6)
SUNRESERVE
HOLDINGS
V.
ITALY
172
(7)
BELENERGIA
S.A.
V.
ITALY
173
3)
THE
CZECH
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
SAGA
174
A)
DISPUTED
MEASURES
175
B)
THE
CZECH
CASES
176
(1)
ANTARIS
SOLAR
GMBH
AND
DR.
MICHAEL
GODE
V.
CZECH
REPUBLIC
176
(2)
JURGEN
WIRTGEN,
STEFAN
WIRTGEN,
GISELA
WIRTGEN
ET.
AL.
V
CZECH
REPUBLIC
177
(3)
VOLTAIC
NETWORK,
KNOPF,
I.C.W.
INVESTMENTS,
WA
INVESTMENT
V.
CZECH
REPUBLIC
178
IV.
SUMMARY
OF
THE
TENDENCY
IN
ARBITRAL
JURISPRUDENCE
179
1)
TYPES
OF
COMMITMENTS
BY
THE
STATES
181
2)
LIMITATIONS
TO
THE
INVESTORS
EXPECTATIONS
184
3)
KEY
CONSIDERATIONS
FOR
THE
FORTHCOMING
ANALYSIS
185
CHAPTER
4:
ANALYSIS
OF
THE
CASE
LAW
INVOLVING
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
187
I.
RESTRICTIONS
OF
THE
RIGHT
TO
REGULATE
THROUGH
COMMITMENTS
187
1)
SPECIFIC
COMMITMENTS
BY
THE
HOST
STATE
189
A)
REGISTRATION
WITH
ADMINISTRATIVE
AUTHORITY
190
(1)
PRE-ASSIGNMENT
REGISTRY
AND
RAIPRE
190
(2)
MINISTERIAL
RESOLUTIONS
AND
REGISTRATION
LETTERS
193
(3)
THE
GSE
CONVENTIONS
AND
THE
TARIFF
RECOGNITION
LETTERS
195
(4)
ERO
REGULATIONS
198
(5)
LEGAL
VALUE
OF
REGISTRATION
PROCEEDINGS
199
B)
INFORMAL
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTS
199
12
C)
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTS
TO
CONSTITUTE
SPECIFIC
COMMITMENTS
203
(1)
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTS
AND
THEIR
RELATION
TO
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
203
(2)
TIME
OF
THE
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTS
206
(3)
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
FORMALITY
OF
AN
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACT
207
D)
INTERIM
CONCLUSION
ON
THE
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTS
208
2)
GENERAL
COMMITMENT
BY
THE
HOST
STATE
208
A)
ADVERTISEMENTS,
REPORTS
AND AUTHORITATIVE
STATEMENTS
208
(1)
THE
SPANISH
THE
SUN
CAN
BE
YOURS
CAMPAIGN
209
(2)
POLICY
PLANS
ISSUED
BY
THE
HOST
STATE
211
(3)
THE
CNE
REPORTS
&
STATEMENTS
213
(4)
THE
ERO
REPORTS
AND
PRESENTATIONS
215
(5)
OTHER
PRESS
RELEASES
AND
POLITICAL
STATEMENTS
216
(6)
INTERIM
CONCLUSION
ON
THE
POTENTIAL
OF
GENERAL
REPRESENTATIONS
TO
CREATE
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
218
B)
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
THROUGH
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
221
(1)
DEVELOPMENT
DURING
THE
ARGENTINE
CASES
221
(2)
SUBSEQUENT
DEVELOPMENT
225
(3)
CURRENT
STATE
OF
DISCUSSION
226
(4)
INTERIM
CONCLUSION
ON
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
S
STATUS
AS
SOURCE
OF
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
IN
ARBITRAL
JURISPRUDENCE
232
3)
INTERIM
CONCLUSION
ON
THE
RESTRICTIONS
ON
THE
RIGHT
TO
REGULATE
236
II.
THE
DUE
DILIGENCE
OBLIGATION
IMPOSED
BY
THE
NOTION
OF
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
239
1)
GENERAL
STANDARD
FOR
DUE
DILIGENCE
240
A)
THE
AUTHORITY
CONDUCTING
THE
DUE
DILIGENCE
241
B)
SHARED
DUE
DILIGENCE
243
C)
PROOF
OF
DUE
DILIGENCE
244
2)
SCOPE
OF
DUE
DILIGENCE
245
A)
SOURCES
TO
TAKE
INTO
CONSIDERATION
247
B)
CLARITY
OF
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
250
C)
RELEVANCE
OF
DOMESTIC
CASE
LAW
252
3)
RISKS
IDENTIFIED
AND
WARNING
SIGNS
257
A)
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT
260
B)
PREVIOUS
DEVELOPMENT
OF
THE
REGULATORY
FRAMEWORK
261
C)
THE
PHENOMENON
OF
THE
HINDSIGHT-BIAS
263
13
4)
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
THE
INVESTOR
S
DUE
DILIGENCE
263
III.
THE
HOST
STATE
S
MARGIN
OF
DISCRETION
WHEN
CHANGING
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
270
1)
REASONABLENESS
AND
PROPORTIONALITY
OF
THE
STATE
S
ACTS
271
A)
THE
LINK
BETWEEN
THE
STATE
S
ACTIONS
AND
THE
PUBLIC
INTEREST
274
B)
ECONOMIC
REASONABLENESS
OF
THE
STATE
ACTS
276
C)
PROPORTIONALITY
BETWEEN
THE
STATE
S
ACTS
AND
THE
INVESTOR
S
RIGHTS
278
D)
DEVELOPMENT
TOWARDS
A
STRONGER
ROLE
OF
THE
PROPORTIONALITY
TEST
281
2)
PREDICTABILITY
AND
RETROACTIVE
EFFECT
OF
THE
MEASURES
283
3)
IMPACT
OF
THE
CHANGES
ON
THE
INVESTMENT
288
A)
FUNDAMENTAL
CHANGE
AS
A
THRESHOLD
FOR
THE
VIOLATION
OF
BASIC
EXPECTATIONS
290
B)
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
FUNDAMENTAL
CHANGE
ON
THE
EXAMPLE
OF
THE
SPANISH
REGIME
294
(1)
THE
2010
AMENDMENTS
WERE
WITHIN
THE
STATE
S
MARGIN
OF
DISCRETION
294
(2)
WHY
DID
THE
2013
REGIME
CONSTITUTE
RADICAL
CHANGES?
296
C)
FUNDAMENTAL
CHANGE
IN
NUMBERS
300
(1)
THE
SPANISH
PROMISE
OF
A
REASONABLE
RETURN
301
(2)
THE
ITALIAN
INCENTIVE
REDUCTION
303
(3)
THE
PRESERVATION
OF
A
REASONABLE
RETURN
BY
THE
CZECH
REPUBLIC
304
4)
INTERIM
CONCLUSION
ON
THE
HOST
STATE
S
MARGIN
OF
DISCRETION
305
IV.
SUMMARY
OF
RECENT
JURISPRUDENCE
309
CHAPTER
5:
INTERPRETATION
AND
EVALUATION
OF
ARBITRAL
JURISPRUDENCE
311
I.
SPECIFICITY
OF
THE
STATES
COMMITMENTS
313
II.
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
AS
BASIS
FOR
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
321
1)
STATE
EFFORTS
TO
PROTECT
REGULATORY
FLEXIBILITY
321
2)
APPRAISAL
OF
THE
PREVAILING
VIEW
IN
ARBITRAL
JURISPRUDENCE
323
3)
WHY
THE
STATES
RIGHT
TO
REGULATE
IS
NOT
UNDULY
RESTRICTED
329
4)
THE
SPECIAL
ROLE
OF
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
APPLYING
TO
THE
PUBLIC
UTILITY
SECTOR
339
14
III.
DUE
DILIGENCE
REQUIREMENT
UNDER
INTERNATIONAL
INVESTMENT
LAW
341
SUMMARY
345
I.
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
AS
A
BLACK
BOX
?
346
II.
FUTURE
CHALLENGES
IN
THE
APPLICATION
OF
THE
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
STANDARD
350
BIBLIOGRAPHY
353
LITERATURE
353
ARBITRAL
AWARDS
361
COURT
JUDGMENTS
369
15
|
| adam_txt |
TABLE
OF
CONTENT
TABLE
OF
ABBREVIATIONS
17
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
21
INTRODUCTION
23
I.
PREMISES
AND
METHODOLOGY
OF
THE
RESEARCH
29
1)
ARBITRAL
AWARDS
AS
A
LEGAL
SOURCE
30
2)
PRECEDENT
IN
INTERNATIONAL
INVESTMENT
LAW
33
3)
METHOD
OF
ANALYSIS
36
II.
OPEN
QUESTIONS
IN
THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF
THE
NOTION
OF
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
38
1)
WHAT
ARE
THE
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
A
COMMITMENT
BY
THE
STATE?
39
2)
CAN
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
CREATE
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS?
40
3)
HOW
MUCH
DUE
DILIGENCE
MUST
AN
INVESTOR
APPLY?
41
III.
THE
IMPACT
OF
REGULATORY
MEASURES
ON
THE
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
SECTOR
42
CHAPTER
1:
THE
PRINCIPLE
OF
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
48
I.
INTERPRETATION
OF
PROVISIONS
INCLUDING
THE
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
STANDARD
50
II.
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
AS
AN
OVERARCHING
INTERNATIONAL
LAW
PRINCIPLE
52
III.
THE
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
STANDARD
IN
ABSTRACT
55
1)
THE
ORDINARY
MEANING
OF
"
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
"
55
2)
UNJUST
AND
ARBITRARY
TREATMENT
57
3)
TRANSPARENCY
AND
PREDICTABILITY
58
4)
DISCRIMINATION
AGAINST
FOREIGN
INVESTORS
58
5)
THE
OBLIGATION
OF
TREATMENT
IN
GOOD
FAITH
60
6)
CONSISTENCY
AND
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
60
7)
ADDRESSEES
OF
THE
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
OBLIGATION
63
8)
THE
BASIC
ASPECTS
OF
THE
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
STANDARD
64
9
IV.
LEGAL
SPECIFICS
UNDER
THE
ENERGY
CHARTER
TREATY
64
CHAPTER
2:
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
AS
THE
CORE
ELEMENT
OF
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
70
I.
PURPOSE
OF
THE
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS:
BALANCING
LEGAL
INTERESTS
73
II.
TIME
FOR
THE
DETERMINATION
OF
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
76
III.
COMPONENTS
OF
THE
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
78
1)
CONTENT
OF
THE
INVESTORS
'
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
80
2)
ASPECTS
OF
THE
COMMITMENT
OF
THE
STATE
81
A)
REPRESENTATIVES
OF
THE
STATE
IN
INTERNATIONAL
INVESTMENT
LAW
84
B)
CONTRACTUAL
AGREEMENTS
86
C)
UNILATERAL
DECLARATIONS
AND
SPECIFIC
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTS
88
D)
INFORMAL
AND
GENERAL
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTS
90
E)
THE
LEGAL
REGULATORY
FRAMEWORK
92
3)
THE
DUE
DILIGENCE
OF
THE
INVESTOR
95
4)
FOUNDATIONS
FOR
THE
ANALYSIS
OF
RECENT
JURISPRUDENCE
100
IV.
THE
ACT
OF
BALANCING
UNDER
INTERNATIONAL
INVESTMENT
LAW
102
1)
THE
STATES
'
RIGHT
TO
REGULATE
103
A)
THE
EU
'
S
REFORMATION
EFFORTS
105
B)
LIMITATIONS
TO
THE
STATES
'
SOVEREIGNTY
105
C)
THE
STATES
'
MARGIN
OF
DISCRETION
110
2)
THE
CONCEPT
OF
STABILITY
113
A)
PROTECTION
OF
STABILITY
IN
ARBITRAL
JURISPRUDENCE
113
B)
THE
TENSION
BETWEEN
THE
RIGHT
TO
REGULATE
AND
CONCEPT
OF
STABILITY
116
3)
APPLICATION
OF
THE
PROPORTIONALITY
TEST
IN
BALANCING
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
117
A)
THE
ORIGINS
OF
PROPORTIONALITY
IN
INTERNATIONAL
LAW
121
B)
THE
"
CONTINENTAL
EUROPEAN
"
APPROACH
TO
PROPORTIONALITY
125
C)
REASONABLENESS
AND
PROPORTIONALITY
128
D)
THE
IMPORTANCE
OF
A
SYSTEMATIC
APPROACH
TO
THE
BALANCING
ISSUE
133
CHAPTER
3:
THE
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
CASES
136
I.
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND
136
10
II.
TECHNOLOGICAL
BACKGROUND
137
III.
FACTUAL
BACKGROUND
AND
ARBITRAL
JURISPRUDENCE
138
1)
THE
SPANISH
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
SAGA
139
A)
DISPUTED
MEASURES
139
(1)
THE
RISE
OF
THE
SPECIAL
REGIME
140
(2)
THE
AMENDMENT
OF
THE
SPECIAL
REGIME
IN
2010
141
(3)
THE
ABROGATION
AND
THE
REPLACEMENT
OF
THE
SPECIAL
REGIME
IN
2013
143
B)
THE
SPANISH
CASES
145
(1)
INVESTMENTS
UNDER
THE
2007
SPECIAL
REGIME
145
(A)
CHARANNE
AND
CONSTRUCTION
INVESTMENTS
S.A.R.L.
V.
SPAIN
146
(B)
EISER
INFRASTRUCTURE
LTD
AND
ENERGIA
SOLAR
LUXEMBOURG
S.A.R.L.
V.
SPAIN
147
(C)
NOVENERGIA
II
-
ENERGY
&
ENVIRONMENT
(SCA),
SICARV.
SPAIN
147
(D)
CAVALUM
SGPS
V.
SPAIN
148
(E)
MASDAR
SOLAR
&
WIND
COOPERATIEF
U.A.
V.
SPAIN
149
(F)
FORESIGHT
V.
SPAIN
149
(G)
CUBE
INFRASTRUCTURE
V.
SPAIN
150
(H)
NEXTERA
V.
SPAIN
151
(I)
9REN
HOLDING
S.A.R.L
V.
SPAIN
152
(J)
SOLES
BADAJOZ
GMBH
V.
SPAIN
152
(K)
OPERAFUND
V.
SPAIN
153
(L)
STADTWERKE
MIINCHEN
V.
SPAIN
153
(M)
BAYWA
R.E.
V.
SPAIN
154
(N)
RWE
INNOGY
GMBH
AND
RWE
INNOGY
AERSA
S.A.U.
V.
SPAIN
155
(O)
THE
PV
INVESTORS
V.
SPAIN
156
(P)
HYDRO
ENERGY
1
S.A
R.L.
AND
HYDROXANA
SWEDEN
AB
V.
SPAIN
157
(2)
INVESTMENTS
UNDER
THE
2010
AMENDMENTS
157
(A)
ANTIN
INFRASTRUCTURE
SERVICES
AND
ANTIN
ENERGIA
TERMOSOLAR
V.
SPAIN
158
(B)
RREEF
INFRASTRUCTURE
(GP)
LTD
ET
AL
V.
SPAIN
158
(C)
INFRARED
ENVIRONMENTAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
GP
LIMITED
AND
OTHERS
V.
SPAIN
159
(D)
WATKINS
HOLDINGS
S.A.R.L.
AND
OTHERS
V.
KINGDOM
OF
SPAIN
160
(E)
STEAG
GMBH
V.
SPAIN
161
11
(F)
ISOLUX
NETHERLANDS
B.V.
V.
SPAIN
162
2)
THE
ITALIAN
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
SAGA
162
A)
DISPUTED
MEASURES
165
B)
THE
ITALIAN
CASES
167
(1)
BLUSUN
SA,
JEAN-PIERRE
LECORCIER
AND
MICHAEL
STEIN
V.
ITALY
167
(2)
ESKOSOL
S.P.A.
V.
ITALY
169
(3)
ESPF
BETEILIGUNGS
GMBH
ET.
AL.
V.
ITALY
169
(4)
GREENTECH
ENERGY
SYSTEMS
A/S
ET.
AL.
V
ITALY
170
(5)
CEF
ENERGIA
B.V.
V.
ITALY
171
(6)
SUNRESERVE
HOLDINGS
V.
ITALY
172
(7)
BELENERGIA
S.A.
V.
ITALY
173
3)
THE
CZECH
RENEWABLE
ENERGY
SAGA
174
A)
DISPUTED
MEASURES
175
B)
THE
CZECH
CASES
176
(1)
ANTARIS
SOLAR
GMBH
AND
DR.
MICHAEL
GODE
V.
CZECH
REPUBLIC
176
(2)
JURGEN
WIRTGEN,
STEFAN
WIRTGEN,
GISELA
WIRTGEN
ET.
AL.
V
CZECH
REPUBLIC
177
(3)
VOLTAIC
NETWORK,
KNOPF,
I.C.W.
INVESTMENTS,
WA
INVESTMENT
V.
CZECH
REPUBLIC
178
IV.
SUMMARY
OF
THE
TENDENCY
IN
ARBITRAL
JURISPRUDENCE
179
1)
TYPES
OF
COMMITMENTS
BY
THE
STATES
181
2)
LIMITATIONS
TO
THE
INVESTORS
'
EXPECTATIONS
184
3)
KEY
CONSIDERATIONS
FOR
THE
FORTHCOMING
ANALYSIS
185
CHAPTER
4:
ANALYSIS
OF
THE
CASE
LAW
INVOLVING
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
187
I.
RESTRICTIONS
OF
THE
RIGHT
TO
REGULATE
THROUGH
COMMITMENTS
187
1)
SPECIFIC
COMMITMENTS
BY
THE
HOST
STATE
189
A)
REGISTRATION
WITH
ADMINISTRATIVE
AUTHORITY
190
(1)
PRE-ASSIGNMENT
REGISTRY
AND
RAIPRE
190
(2)
MINISTERIAL
RESOLUTIONS
AND
REGISTRATION
LETTERS
193
(3)
THE
GSE
CONVENTIONS
AND
THE
"
TARIFF
RECOGNITION
LETTERS
"
195
(4)
ERO
REGULATIONS
198
(5)
LEGAL
VALUE
OF
REGISTRATION
PROCEEDINGS
199
B)
INFORMAL
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTS
199
12
C)
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTS
TO
CONSTITUTE
SPECIFIC
COMMITMENTS
203
(1)
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTS
AND
THEIR
RELATION
TO
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
203
(2)
TIME
OF
THE
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTS
206
(3)
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
FORMALITY
OF
AN
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACT
207
D)
INTERIM
CONCLUSION
ON
THE
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
ADMINISTRATIVE
ACTS
208
2)
GENERAL
COMMITMENT
BY
THE
HOST
STATE
208
A)
ADVERTISEMENTS,
REPORTS
AND AUTHORITATIVE
STATEMENTS
208
(1)
THE
SPANISH
"
THE
SUN
CAN
BE
YOURS
"
CAMPAIGN
209
(2)
POLICY
PLANS
ISSUED
BY
THE
HOST
STATE
211
(3)
THE
CNE
REPORTS
&
STATEMENTS
213
(4)
THE
ERO
REPORTS
AND
PRESENTATIONS
215
(5)
OTHER
PRESS
RELEASES
AND
POLITICAL
STATEMENTS
216
(6)
INTERIM
CONCLUSION
ON
THE
POTENTIAL
OF
GENERAL
REPRESENTATIONS
TO
CREATE
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
218
B)
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
THROUGH
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
221
(1)
DEVELOPMENT
DURING
THE
ARGENTINE
CASES
221
(2)
SUBSEQUENT
DEVELOPMENT
225
(3)
CURRENT
STATE
OF
DISCUSSION
226
(4)
INTERIM
CONCLUSION
ON
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
'
S
STATUS
AS
SOURCE
OF
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
IN
ARBITRAL
JURISPRUDENCE
232
3)
INTERIM
CONCLUSION
ON
THE
RESTRICTIONS
ON
THE
RIGHT
TO
REGULATE
236
II.
THE
DUE
DILIGENCE
OBLIGATION
IMPOSED
BY
THE
NOTION
OF
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
239
1)
GENERAL
STANDARD
FOR
DUE
DILIGENCE
240
A)
THE
AUTHORITY
CONDUCTING
THE
DUE
DILIGENCE
241
B)
SHARED
DUE
DILIGENCE
243
C)
PROOF
OF
DUE
DILIGENCE
244
2)
SCOPE
OF
DUE
DILIGENCE
245
A)
SOURCES
TO
TAKE
INTO
CONSIDERATION
247
B)
CLARITY
OF
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
250
C)
RELEVANCE
OF
DOMESTIC
CASE
LAW
252
3)
RISKS
IDENTIFIED
AND
WARNING
SIGNS
257
A)
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
ENVIRONMENT
260
B)
PREVIOUS
DEVELOPMENT
OF
THE
REGULATORY
FRAMEWORK
261
C)
THE
PHENOMENON
OF
THE
HINDSIGHT-BIAS
263
13
4)
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
THE
INVESTOR
'
S
DUE
DILIGENCE
263
III.
THE
HOST
STATE
'
S
MARGIN
OF
DISCRETION
WHEN
CHANGING
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
270
1)
REASONABLENESS
AND
PROPORTIONALITY
OF
THE
STATE
'
S
ACTS
271
A)
THE
LINK
BETWEEN
THE
STATE
'
S
ACTIONS
AND
THE
PUBLIC
INTEREST
274
B)
ECONOMIC
REASONABLENESS
OF
THE
STATE
ACTS
276
C)
PROPORTIONALITY
BETWEEN
THE
STATE
'
S
ACTS
AND
THE
INVESTOR
'
S
RIGHTS
278
D)
DEVELOPMENT
TOWARDS
A
STRONGER
ROLE
OF
THE
PROPORTIONALITY
TEST
281
2)
PREDICTABILITY
AND
RETROACTIVE
EFFECT
OF
THE
MEASURES
283
3)
IMPACT
OF
THE
CHANGES
ON
THE
INVESTMENT
288
A)
FUNDAMENTAL
CHANGE
AS
A
THRESHOLD
FOR
THE
VIOLATION
OF
BASIC
EXPECTATIONS
290
B)
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
FUNDAMENTAL
CHANGE
ON
THE
EXAMPLE
OF
THE
SPANISH
REGIME
294
(1)
THE
2010
AMENDMENTS
WERE
WITHIN
THE
STATE
'
S
MARGIN
OF
DISCRETION
294
(2)
WHY
DID
THE
2013
REGIME
CONSTITUTE
RADICAL
CHANGES?
296
C)
FUNDAMENTAL
CHANGE
IN
NUMBERS
300
(1)
THE
SPANISH
PROMISE
OF
A
"
REASONABLE
RETURN
"
301
(2)
THE
ITALIAN
INCENTIVE
REDUCTION
303
(3)
THE
PRESERVATION
OF
A
REASONABLE
RETURN
BY
THE
CZECH
REPUBLIC
304
4)
INTERIM
CONCLUSION
ON
THE
HOST
STATE
'
S
MARGIN
OF
DISCRETION
305
IV.
SUMMARY
OF
RECENT
JURISPRUDENCE
309
CHAPTER
5:
INTERPRETATION
AND
EVALUATION
OF
ARBITRAL
JURISPRUDENCE
311
I.
SPECIFICITY
OF
THE
STATES
'
COMMITMENTS
313
II.
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
AS
BASIS
FOR
LEGITIMATE
EXPECTATIONS
321
1)
STATE
EFFORTS
TO
PROTECT
REGULATORY
FLEXIBILITY
321
2)
APPRAISAL
OF
THE
PREVAILING
VIEW
IN
ARBITRAL
JURISPRUDENCE
323
3)
WHY
THE
STATES
'
RIGHT
TO
REGULATE
IS
NOT
UNDULY
RESTRICTED
329
4)
THE
SPECIAL
ROLE
OF
THE
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
APPLYING
TO
THE
PUBLIC
UTILITY
SECTOR
339
14
III.
DUE
DILIGENCE
REQUIREMENT
UNDER
INTERNATIONAL
INVESTMENT
LAW
341
SUMMARY
345
I.
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
AS
A
"BLACK
BOX
"
?
346
II.
FUTURE
CHALLENGES
IN
THE
APPLICATION
OF
THE
FAIR
AND
EQUITABLE
TREATMENT
STANDARD
350
BIBLIOGRAPHY
353
LITERATURE
353
ARBITRAL
AWARDS
361
COURT
JUDGMENTS
369
15 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Landmann, Niclas |
| author_GND | (DE-588)125156657X |
| author_facet | Landmann, Niclas |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Landmann, Niclas |
| author_variant | n l nl |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047701081 |
| classification_rvk | PR 2353 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1292925746 (DE-599)DNB1247379051 |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft |
| edition | 1st edition |
| era | Geschichte 1997-2021 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1997-2021 |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV047701081 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:58:39Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:19:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)117513-0 |
| isbn | 9783848786541 9783708922324 9783038914273 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033084996 |
| oclc_num | 1292925746 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-20 DE-188 DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-20 DE-188 DE-703 |
| physical | 370 Seiten 22.7 cm x 15.3 cm |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Nomos Dike Verlag facultas |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Studies in international investment law |
| series2 | Studies in international investment law |
| spelling | Landmann, Niclas Verfasser (DE-588)125156657X aut Legitimate expectations and fair-and-equitable-treatment under the energy charter treaty a comparative analysis of the renewable energy cases Niclas Landmann 1st edition Baden-Baden Nomos 2022 Zürich ; St. Gallen Dike Verlag 2022 Wien facultas 2022 370 Seiten 22.7 cm x 15.3 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Studies in international investment law volume 41 Dissertation Universität Köln 2021 Energiecharta-Vertrag (DE-588)4517484-2 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1997-2021 gnd rswk-swf Auslandsinvestition (DE-588)4003772-1 gnd rswk-swf Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd rswk-swf Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit (DE-588)4162055-0 gnd rswk-swf Investitionsschutz (DE-588)4238208-7 gnd rswk-swf Rechtsprechung (DE-588)4115710-2 gnd rswk-swf Erneuerbare Energien Energie-Charta-Vertrag Energierecht Renewable Energy Cases ECT Investment Law Investorenschutz Fair and Equitable Treatment Energy Law Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit FET Due Diligence Legitimate Expectations Commitment Renewable Energy Investitionsschutzrecht Legitime Erwartungen Vertrauensschutz Faire und gleiche Behandlung (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Energiecharta-Vertrag (DE-588)4517484-2 u Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit (DE-588)4162055-0 s Rechtsprechung (DE-588)4115710-2 s Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 s Auslandsinvestition (DE-588)4003772-1 s Investitionsschutz (DE-588)4238208-7 s Geschichte 1997-2021 z DE-604 Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft (DE-588)117513-0 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-7489-3025-9 Studies in international investment law volume 41 (DE-604)BV036760322 41 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3a8f5aaa9cd748bbb61c85b2de98df43&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033084996&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p vlb 20211211 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#vlb |
| spellingShingle | Landmann, Niclas Legitimate expectations and fair-and-equitable-treatment under the energy charter treaty a comparative analysis of the renewable energy cases Studies in international investment law Energiecharta-Vertrag (DE-588)4517484-2 gnd Auslandsinvestition (DE-588)4003772-1 gnd Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit (DE-588)4162055-0 gnd Investitionsschutz (DE-588)4238208-7 gnd Rechtsprechung (DE-588)4115710-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4517484-2 (DE-588)4003772-1 (DE-588)4068598-6 (DE-588)4162055-0 (DE-588)4238208-7 (DE-588)4115710-2 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Legitimate expectations and fair-and-equitable-treatment under the energy charter treaty a comparative analysis of the renewable energy cases |
| title_auth | Legitimate expectations and fair-and-equitable-treatment under the energy charter treaty a comparative analysis of the renewable energy cases |
| title_exact_search | Legitimate expectations and fair-and-equitable-treatment under the energy charter treaty a comparative analysis of the renewable energy cases |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Legitimate expectations and fair-and-equitable-treatment under the energy charter treaty a comparative analysis of the renewable energy cases |
| title_full | Legitimate expectations and fair-and-equitable-treatment under the energy charter treaty a comparative analysis of the renewable energy cases Niclas Landmann |
| title_fullStr | Legitimate expectations and fair-and-equitable-treatment under the energy charter treaty a comparative analysis of the renewable energy cases Niclas Landmann |
| title_full_unstemmed | Legitimate expectations and fair-and-equitable-treatment under the energy charter treaty a comparative analysis of the renewable energy cases Niclas Landmann |
| title_short | Legitimate expectations and fair-and-equitable-treatment under the energy charter treaty |
| title_sort | legitimate expectations and fair and equitable treatment under the energy charter treaty a comparative analysis of the renewable energy cases |
| title_sub | a comparative analysis of the renewable energy cases |
| topic | Energiecharta-Vertrag (DE-588)4517484-2 gnd Auslandsinvestition (DE-588)4003772-1 gnd Erneuerbare Energien (DE-588)4068598-6 gnd Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit (DE-588)4162055-0 gnd Investitionsschutz (DE-588)4238208-7 gnd Rechtsprechung (DE-588)4115710-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Energiecharta-Vertrag Auslandsinvestition Erneuerbare Energien Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit Investitionsschutz Rechtsprechung Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3a8f5aaa9cd748bbb61c85b2de98df43&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033084996&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV036760322 |
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