Societal Development in Rural China:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Singapore
Springer Singapore Pte. Limited
2019
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | HWR01 |
| Beschreibung: | Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources |
| Beschreibung: | 1 online resource (266 pages) |
| ISBN: | 9789811380822 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I: Survey Background and Sampling Design -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 History of Related Rural Household Panel Surveys -- 1.1.1 Rural Surveys During the Period of the Republic of China -- 1.1.2 National Population Census of the People's Republic of China -- 1.1.3 China Rural Surveys -- 1.1.4 National Fixed Point Survey (NFPS) -- 1.1.5 Rural Household Survey (RHS) -- 1.1.6 China Household Income Projects (CHIP) -- 1.1.7 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) -- 1.1.8 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) -- 1.1.9 China Family Panel Studies, CFPS -- 1.1.10 Chinese General Social Survey, CGSS -- 1.1.11 China Labor Force Dynamics Survey, CLDS -- 1.2 Historical Background of the China Rural Household Panel Survey -- 1.3 The Purposes of China Rural Household Panel Survey -- 1.4 Contents of This Report -- References -- Chapter 2: Survey Sampling Design -- 2.1 Overall Sampling Plan -- 2.1.1 The Sampling Design of 2011 -- 2.1.1.1 The First Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.1.2 The Second Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.1.3 The Third Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.2 The Sampling Design Plan of 2013 -- 2.1.2.1 The First Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.2.2 The Second Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.2.3 The Third Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.3 The Sampling Design Plan of 2015 -- 2.1.3.1 The First Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.3.2 The Second Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.3.3 The Third Stage of Sampling -- 2.2 Terminal Sampling Design -- 2.2.1 Residence Mapping -- 2.2.2 Terminal Sampling Plan -- 2.3 Survey Sample Weights -- 2.4 Size and Distribution of Samples Over the Years -- 2.5 The Tracking Condition of Each Year -- 2.5.1 The Tracking Condition of Rural Families in Rural Area -- 2.5.2 The Tracking Condition of the Migrant Workers' Families -- 2.6 Data Collection and Quality Control | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 2.6.1 Data Collection -- 2.6.1.1 Means of Survey -- 2.6.1.2 Interviewer Selection and Training -- 2.6.2 Data Quality Control -- 2.6.2.1 Quality Control During the Interviews -- 2.6.2.2 Data Inspection -- Part II: Basic Characteristics of Rural Households -- Chapter 3: Basic Structure of Rural Households -- 3.1 Household Structure -- 3.2 Gender Structure -- 3.3 Age Structure -- 3.4 Educational Attainment Structure -- 3.5 Marital Status -- 3.6 Physical Status -- 3.7 Political Status -- Chapter 4: Employment of Rural Households -- 4.1 Economically Active Population and the Working Population -- 4.2 Composition of the Economically Active Population and the Working Population -- 4.2.1 Gender Structure -- 4.2.2 Age Structure -- 4.2.3 Educational Attainment Structure -- 4.3 Nonagricultural Population and Its Structure -- 4.3.1 Employment Structure -- 4.3.2 Gender Structure -- 4.3.3 Age Structure -- 4.3.4 Education-Level Structure -- 4.3.5 Industry Structure -- 4.3.5.1 Gender Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.3.5.2 Age Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.3.5.3 Education Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.4 Industry Distribution of Different Populations -- 4.4.1 Industry Distribution Based on Gender -- 4.4.2 Industry Distribution Based on Age Groups -- 4.4.3 Industry Distribution Among People with Different Educational Backgrounds -- 4.5 Industry Composition of the Working Population in Different Communities -- 4.6 Family Employment Types and Their Compositions -- Chapter 5: Income and Expenditure of Rural Households -- 5.1 Income and Its Structure -- 5.1.1 General Situation of Income -- 5.1.2 Changes of Income -- 5.1.3 Average Wage of Various Industries -- 5.2 Income and Its Composition of Different Groups -- 5.2.1 Gender -- 5.2.2 Age -- 5.2.3 Education Level -- 5.2.4 Experience as Migrant Workers -- 5.3 Income Inequality | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 5.3.1 General Situation of Income Inequality -- 5.3.2 Changes of Income Inequality -- 5.4 Income and Income Inequality in Different Communities -- 5.4.1 Community Expenditure -- 5.4.2 Confirmation on the Right to the Contracted Management of Land -- 5.5 Expenditure and Its Composition -- 5.5.1 General Situation of Expenditure -- 5.5.2 Nonproduction Expenses -- 5.5.3 Transfer Expenditure -- 5.5.4 Changes of Expenditure -- 5.6 Expenditure of Different Groups of People and Its Composition -- 5.6.1 Salary -- 5.6.2 Age -- 5.6.3 Experience as Migrant Workers -- Chapter 6: Fortune of Rural Households -- 6.1 Rural Family Assets -- 6.1.1 Introduction of Family Assets in Rural Areas -- 6.1.2 Structure of Family Assets in Rural Areas -- 6.1.2.1 Financial Assets and Nonfinancial Assets -- 6.1.2.2 Nonfinancial Assets -- 6.1.2.3 Financial Assets -- 6.1.3 Rural Household Property and Land Value -- 6.1.3.1 Property -- 6.1.3.2 Land -- 6.2 Liability of Rural Households -- 6.2.1 Introduction of Liability in Rural Households -- 6.2.2 Liability Structure of Rural Households -- 6.3 Net Worth of Rural Households -- Part III: Public Service of Rural Households -- Chapter 7: Social Security of Rural Households -- 7.1 Endowment Insurance -- 7.1.1 Endowment Insurance Penetration -- 7.1.2 Endowment Insurance Reception Proportion -- 7.1.3 Contributions to Social Endowment Insurance Versus Individual Income -- 7.1.4 Account Balance of Social Endowment Insurance -- 7.1.5 Implementation of Unifying the Two Separate Pension Systems -- 7.2 Medical Insurance -- 7.2.1 Coverage of Social Medical Insurance -- 7.2.2 Premium of Medical Insurance -- 7.2.3 Personal Account of Social Medical Insurance -- 7.2.4 Social Pool for Major Disease Treatment -- 7.2.5 Medical Insurance and Medical Expenses -- 7.3 Unemployment Insurance, Maternity Insurance and Work-Related Injury Insurance | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 7.4 Public Housing Fund -- 7.5 Commercial Insurance -- 7.5.1 Commercial Insurance Coverage -- 7.5.2 Commercial Life Insurance -- 7.5.3 Commercial Health Insurance -- 7.5.4 Other Types of Commercial Insurance -- Chapter 8: Education of Rural Households -- 8.1 Education Level -- 8.2 Education Condition -- 8.3 Education Expectation -- 8.4 Education Expenses -- Chapter 9: Community Environment of Rural Households -- 9.1 Village Profile and Population -- 9.1.1 Village Profile -- 9.1.2 Demographic Characteristics -- 9.1.2.1 Population Size -- 9.1.2.2 Age Structure -- 9.1.2.3 Educational Level -- 9.1.2.4 Migrant Workers -- 9.1.2.5 Households That Have Lost Their Only Child and the Left-Behind Population -- 9.1.2.6 Population Migration -- 9.2 Community Infrastructure -- 9.2.1 Communities' Water and Electricity -- 9.2.1.1 Domestic Water -- 9.2.1.2 Energy Consumption -- 9.2.2 Communities' Transport -- 9.2.3 Community Education -- 9.2.4 Other Infrastructure -- 9.3 Overview of Rural Industries -- 9.4 Collective Assets and Debts -- 9.5 Community Spending and Income -- 9.5.1 Community Spending -- 9.5.2 Community Income -- 9.5.3 The Implementation of Community Projects -- 9.6 Agricultural Land, Land Expropriation and Demolition -- 9.6.1 Overview of Agricultural Land -- 9.6.2 Land Expropriation and Demolition -- Chapter 10: Governance and Public Services of Rural Communities -- 10.1 Main Governance Body and Mechanism -- 10.1.1 Main Governance Body -- 10.1.2 Governance Mechanism -- 10.2 Governance Conditions -- 10.3 Disputes and Settlement in Communities -- 10.4 Social Organizations and Religious Belief -- 10.4.1 Overview of Social Organizations -- 10.4.2 Public Services Provided by Social Organizations -- 10.4.3 Religious Belief -- 10.5 Community Cadres and College Graduate Village Officials -- 10.5.1 Community Cadres | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 10.5.2 College Graduate Village Officials -- 10.6 Social Security -- 10.6.1 Unified Urban and Rural Health Insurance -- 10.6.2 Minimum Standard of Living -- 10.6.3 Maternity Insurance -- 10.6.4 Pension Insurance -- 10.6.5 Other Social Security Programs -- 10.7 Environmental Protection -- 10.8 Community Training -- Part IV: Research Conclusions -- Chapter 11: Conclusions -- 11.1 The Rural Gender Imbalance Is Serious and Gender Selection Is Widespread -- 11.2 The Aging Trend in Rural Area Intensifies, as the Elderly Make Up 15.2% of the Population -- 11.3 The Proportion of Rural Unmarried Population Gradually Increased, "Left Men" Problem Particularly Prominent -- 11.4 The Achievements of Nine-Year Compulsory Education Are Obvious, but There Are Still 9.5% of the Post-1995 Generation Who Have Not Completed Middle School -- 11.5 The Education Levels of the Rural Population Are Low, but the Improvement Trend Is Obvious -- 11.6 Rural Income Inequality Is Ever Increasing, 20% of Households with the Highest Income Account for 53% of Total Household Income -- 11.7 The Shares of Rural Consumer Spending Are Concentrated, with Food and Other Three Categories Accounting for 82% -- 11.8 The Number of Left-Behind Children and Elderly People Is Large but on the Decline | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Migration, Internal-China.. | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| author | Qian, Wenrong |
| author_facet | Qian, Wenrong |
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| author_sort | Qian, Wenrong |
| author_variant | w q wq |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047692278 |
| collection | ZDB-30-PQE |
| contents | Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I: Survey Background and Sampling Design -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 History of Related Rural Household Panel Surveys -- 1.1.1 Rural Surveys During the Period of the Republic of China -- 1.1.2 National Population Census of the People's Republic of China -- 1.1.3 China Rural Surveys -- 1.1.4 National Fixed Point Survey (NFPS) -- 1.1.5 Rural Household Survey (RHS) -- 1.1.6 China Household Income Projects (CHIP) -- 1.1.7 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) -- 1.1.8 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) -- 1.1.9 China Family Panel Studies, CFPS -- 1.1.10 Chinese General Social Survey, CGSS -- 1.1.11 China Labor Force Dynamics Survey, CLDS -- 1.2 Historical Background of the China Rural Household Panel Survey -- 1.3 The Purposes of China Rural Household Panel Survey -- 1.4 Contents of This Report -- References -- Chapter 2: Survey Sampling Design -- 2.1 Overall Sampling Plan -- 2.1.1 The Sampling Design of 2011 -- 2.1.1.1 The First Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.1.2 The Second Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.1.3 The Third Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.2 The Sampling Design Plan of 2013 -- 2.1.2.1 The First Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.2.2 The Second Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.2.3 The Third Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.3 The Sampling Design Plan of 2015 -- 2.1.3.1 The First Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.3.2 The Second Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.3.3 The Third Stage of Sampling -- 2.2 Terminal Sampling Design -- 2.2.1 Residence Mapping -- 2.2.2 Terminal Sampling Plan -- 2.3 Survey Sample Weights -- 2.4 Size and Distribution of Samples Over the Years -- 2.5 The Tracking Condition of Each Year -- 2.5.1 The Tracking Condition of Rural Families in Rural Area -- 2.5.2 The Tracking Condition of the Migrant Workers' Families -- 2.6 Data Collection and Quality Control 2.6.1 Data Collection -- 2.6.1.1 Means of Survey -- 2.6.1.2 Interviewer Selection and Training -- 2.6.2 Data Quality Control -- 2.6.2.1 Quality Control During the Interviews -- 2.6.2.2 Data Inspection -- Part II: Basic Characteristics of Rural Households -- Chapter 3: Basic Structure of Rural Households -- 3.1 Household Structure -- 3.2 Gender Structure -- 3.3 Age Structure -- 3.4 Educational Attainment Structure -- 3.5 Marital Status -- 3.6 Physical Status -- 3.7 Political Status -- Chapter 4: Employment of Rural Households -- 4.1 Economically Active Population and the Working Population -- 4.2 Composition of the Economically Active Population and the Working Population -- 4.2.1 Gender Structure -- 4.2.2 Age Structure -- 4.2.3 Educational Attainment Structure -- 4.3 Nonagricultural Population and Its Structure -- 4.3.1 Employment Structure -- 4.3.2 Gender Structure -- 4.3.3 Age Structure -- 4.3.4 Education-Level Structure -- 4.3.5 Industry Structure -- 4.3.5.1 Gender Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.3.5.2 Age Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.3.5.3 Education Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.4 Industry Distribution of Different Populations -- 4.4.1 Industry Distribution Based on Gender -- 4.4.2 Industry Distribution Based on Age Groups -- 4.4.3 Industry Distribution Among People with Different Educational Backgrounds -- 4.5 Industry Composition of the Working Population in Different Communities -- 4.6 Family Employment Types and Their Compositions -- Chapter 5: Income and Expenditure of Rural Households -- 5.1 Income and Its Structure -- 5.1.1 General Situation of Income -- 5.1.2 Changes of Income -- 5.1.3 Average Wage of Various Industries -- 5.2 Income and Its Composition of Different Groups -- 5.2.1 Gender -- 5.2.2 Age -- 5.2.3 Education Level -- 5.2.4 Experience as Migrant Workers -- 5.3 Income Inequality 5.3.1 General Situation of Income Inequality -- 5.3.2 Changes of Income Inequality -- 5.4 Income and Income Inequality in Different Communities -- 5.4.1 Community Expenditure -- 5.4.2 Confirmation on the Right to the Contracted Management of Land -- 5.5 Expenditure and Its Composition -- 5.5.1 General Situation of Expenditure -- 5.5.2 Nonproduction Expenses -- 5.5.3 Transfer Expenditure -- 5.5.4 Changes of Expenditure -- 5.6 Expenditure of Different Groups of People and Its Composition -- 5.6.1 Salary -- 5.6.2 Age -- 5.6.3 Experience as Migrant Workers -- Chapter 6: Fortune of Rural Households -- 6.1 Rural Family Assets -- 6.1.1 Introduction of Family Assets in Rural Areas -- 6.1.2 Structure of Family Assets in Rural Areas -- 6.1.2.1 Financial Assets and Nonfinancial Assets -- 6.1.2.2 Nonfinancial Assets -- 6.1.2.3 Financial Assets -- 6.1.3 Rural Household Property and Land Value -- 6.1.3.1 Property -- 6.1.3.2 Land -- 6.2 Liability of Rural Households -- 6.2.1 Introduction of Liability in Rural Households -- 6.2.2 Liability Structure of Rural Households -- 6.3 Net Worth of Rural Households -- Part III: Public Service of Rural Households -- Chapter 7: Social Security of Rural Households -- 7.1 Endowment Insurance -- 7.1.1 Endowment Insurance Penetration -- 7.1.2 Endowment Insurance Reception Proportion -- 7.1.3 Contributions to Social Endowment Insurance Versus Individual Income -- 7.1.4 Account Balance of Social Endowment Insurance -- 7.1.5 Implementation of Unifying the Two Separate Pension Systems -- 7.2 Medical Insurance -- 7.2.1 Coverage of Social Medical Insurance -- 7.2.2 Premium of Medical Insurance -- 7.2.3 Personal Account of Social Medical Insurance -- 7.2.4 Social Pool for Major Disease Treatment -- 7.2.5 Medical Insurance and Medical Expenses -- 7.3 Unemployment Insurance, Maternity Insurance and Work-Related Injury Insurance 7.4 Public Housing Fund -- 7.5 Commercial Insurance -- 7.5.1 Commercial Insurance Coverage -- 7.5.2 Commercial Life Insurance -- 7.5.3 Commercial Health Insurance -- 7.5.4 Other Types of Commercial Insurance -- Chapter 8: Education of Rural Households -- 8.1 Education Level -- 8.2 Education Condition -- 8.3 Education Expectation -- 8.4 Education Expenses -- Chapter 9: Community Environment of Rural Households -- 9.1 Village Profile and Population -- 9.1.1 Village Profile -- 9.1.2 Demographic Characteristics -- 9.1.2.1 Population Size -- 9.1.2.2 Age Structure -- 9.1.2.3 Educational Level -- 9.1.2.4 Migrant Workers -- 9.1.2.5 Households That Have Lost Their Only Child and the Left-Behind Population -- 9.1.2.6 Population Migration -- 9.2 Community Infrastructure -- 9.2.1 Communities' Water and Electricity -- 9.2.1.1 Domestic Water -- 9.2.1.2 Energy Consumption -- 9.2.2 Communities' Transport -- 9.2.3 Community Education -- 9.2.4 Other Infrastructure -- 9.3 Overview of Rural Industries -- 9.4 Collective Assets and Debts -- 9.5 Community Spending and Income -- 9.5.1 Community Spending -- 9.5.2 Community Income -- 9.5.3 The Implementation of Community Projects -- 9.6 Agricultural Land, Land Expropriation and Demolition -- 9.6.1 Overview of Agricultural Land -- 9.6.2 Land Expropriation and Demolition -- Chapter 10: Governance and Public Services of Rural Communities -- 10.1 Main Governance Body and Mechanism -- 10.1.1 Main Governance Body -- 10.1.2 Governance Mechanism -- 10.2 Governance Conditions -- 10.3 Disputes and Settlement in Communities -- 10.4 Social Organizations and Religious Belief -- 10.4.1 Overview of Social Organizations -- 10.4.2 Public Services Provided by Social Organizations -- 10.4.3 Religious Belief -- 10.5 Community Cadres and College Graduate Village Officials -- 10.5.1 Community Cadres 10.5.2 College Graduate Village Officials -- 10.6 Social Security -- 10.6.1 Unified Urban and Rural Health Insurance -- 10.6.2 Minimum Standard of Living -- 10.6.3 Maternity Insurance -- 10.6.4 Pension Insurance -- 10.6.5 Other Social Security Programs -- 10.7 Environmental Protection -- 10.8 Community Training -- Part IV: Research Conclusions -- Chapter 11: Conclusions -- 11.1 The Rural Gender Imbalance Is Serious and Gender Selection Is Widespread -- 11.2 The Aging Trend in Rural Area Intensifies, as the Elderly Make Up 15.2% of the Population -- 11.3 The Proportion of Rural Unmarried Population Gradually Increased, "Left Men" Problem Particularly Prominent -- 11.4 The Achievements of Nine-Year Compulsory Education Are Obvious, but There Are Still 9.5% of the Post-1995 Generation Who Have Not Completed Middle School -- 11.5 The Education Levels of the Rural Population Are Low, but the Improvement Trend Is Obvious -- 11.6 Rural Income Inequality Is Ever Increasing, 20% of Households with the Highest Income Account for 53% of Total Household Income -- 11.7 The Shares of Rural Consumer Spending Are Concentrated, with Food and Other Three Categories Accounting for 82% -- 11.8 The Number of Left-Behind Children and Elderly People Is Large but on the Decline |
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| dewey-full | 304.80951 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 304 - Factors affecting social behavior |
| dewey-raw | 304.80951 |
| dewey-search | 304.80951 |
| dewey-sort | 3304.80951 |
| dewey-tens | 300 - Social sciences |
| discipline | Soziologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Soziologie |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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Characteristics of Rural Households -- Chapter 3: Basic Structure of Rural Households -- 3.1 Household Structure -- 3.2 Gender Structure -- 3.3 Age Structure -- 3.4 Educational Attainment Structure -- 3.5 Marital Status -- 3.6 Physical Status -- 3.7 Political Status -- Chapter 4: Employment of Rural Households -- 4.1 Economically Active Population and the Working Population -- 4.2 Composition of the Economically Active Population and the Working Population -- 4.2.1 Gender Structure -- 4.2.2 Age Structure -- 4.2.3 Educational Attainment Structure -- 4.3 Nonagricultural Population and Its Structure -- 4.3.1 Employment Structure -- 4.3.2 Gender Structure -- 4.3.3 Age Structure -- 4.3.4 Education-Level Structure -- 4.3.5 Industry Structure -- 4.3.5.1 Gender Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.3.5.2 Age Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.3.5.3 Education Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.4 Industry Distribution of Different Populations -- 4.4.1 Industry Distribution Based on Gender -- 4.4.2 Industry Distribution Based on Age Groups -- 4.4.3 Industry Distribution Among People with Different Educational Backgrounds -- 4.5 Industry Composition of the Working Population in Different Communities -- 4.6 Family Employment Types and Their Compositions -- Chapter 5: Income and Expenditure of Rural Households -- 5.1 Income and Its Structure -- 5.1.1 General Situation of Income -- 5.1.2 Changes of Income -- 5.1.3 Average Wage of Various Industries -- 5.2 Income and Its Composition of Different Groups -- 5.2.1 Gender -- 5.2.2 Age -- 5.2.3 Education Level -- 5.2.4 Experience as Migrant Workers -- 5.3 Income Inequality</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">5.3.1 General Situation of Income Inequality -- 5.3.2 Changes of Income Inequality -- 5.4 Income and Income Inequality in Different Communities -- 5.4.1 Community Expenditure -- 5.4.2 Confirmation on the Right to the Contracted Management of Land -- 5.5 Expenditure and Its Composition -- 5.5.1 General Situation of Expenditure -- 5.5.2 Nonproduction Expenses -- 5.5.3 Transfer Expenditure -- 5.5.4 Changes of Expenditure -- 5.6 Expenditure of Different Groups of People and Its Composition -- 5.6.1 Salary -- 5.6.2 Age -- 5.6.3 Experience as Migrant Workers -- Chapter 6: Fortune of Rural Households -- 6.1 Rural Family Assets -- 6.1.1 Introduction of Family Assets in Rural Areas -- 6.1.2 Structure of Family Assets in Rural Areas -- 6.1.2.1 Financial Assets and Nonfinancial Assets -- 6.1.2.2 Nonfinancial Assets -- 6.1.2.3 Financial Assets -- 6.1.3 Rural Household Property and Land Value -- 6.1.3.1 Property -- 6.1.3.2 Land -- 6.2 Liability of Rural Households -- 6.2.1 Introduction of Liability in Rural Households -- 6.2.2 Liability Structure of Rural Households -- 6.3 Net Worth of Rural Households -- Part III: Public Service of Rural Households -- Chapter 7: Social Security of Rural Households -- 7.1 Endowment Insurance -- 7.1.1 Endowment Insurance Penetration -- 7.1.2 Endowment Insurance Reception Proportion -- 7.1.3 Contributions to Social Endowment Insurance Versus Individual Income -- 7.1.4 Account Balance of Social Endowment Insurance -- 7.1.5 Implementation of Unifying the Two Separate Pension Systems -- 7.2 Medical Insurance -- 7.2.1 Coverage of Social Medical Insurance -- 7.2.2 Premium of Medical Insurance -- 7.2.3 Personal Account of Social Medical Insurance -- 7.2.4 Social Pool for Major Disease Treatment -- 7.2.5 Medical Insurance and Medical Expenses -- 7.3 Unemployment Insurance, Maternity Insurance and Work-Related Injury Insurance</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7.4 Public Housing Fund -- 7.5 Commercial Insurance -- 7.5.1 Commercial Insurance Coverage -- 7.5.2 Commercial Life Insurance -- 7.5.3 Commercial Health Insurance -- 7.5.4 Other Types of Commercial Insurance -- Chapter 8: Education of Rural Households -- 8.1 Education Level -- 8.2 Education Condition -- 8.3 Education Expectation -- 8.4 Education Expenses -- Chapter 9: Community Environment of Rural Households -- 9.1 Village Profile and Population -- 9.1.1 Village Profile -- 9.1.2 Demographic Characteristics -- 9.1.2.1 Population Size -- 9.1.2.2 Age Structure -- 9.1.2.3 Educational Level -- 9.1.2.4 Migrant Workers -- 9.1.2.5 Households That Have Lost Their Only Child and the Left-Behind Population -- 9.1.2.6 Population Migration -- 9.2 Community Infrastructure -- 9.2.1 Communities' Water and Electricity -- 9.2.1.1 Domestic Water -- 9.2.1.2 Energy Consumption -- 9.2.2 Communities' Transport -- 9.2.3 Community Education -- 9.2.4 Other Infrastructure -- 9.3 Overview of Rural Industries -- 9.4 Collective Assets and Debts -- 9.5 Community Spending and Income -- 9.5.1 Community Spending -- 9.5.2 Community Income -- 9.5.3 The Implementation of Community Projects -- 9.6 Agricultural Land, Land Expropriation and Demolition -- 9.6.1 Overview of Agricultural Land -- 9.6.2 Land Expropriation and Demolition -- Chapter 10: Governance and Public Services of Rural Communities -- 10.1 Main Governance Body and Mechanism -- 10.1.1 Main Governance Body -- 10.1.2 Governance Mechanism -- 10.2 Governance Conditions -- 10.3 Disputes and Settlement in Communities -- 10.4 Social Organizations and Religious Belief -- 10.4.1 Overview of Social Organizations -- 10.4.2 Public Services Provided by Social Organizations -- 10.4.3 Religious Belief -- 10.5 Community Cadres and College Graduate Village Officials -- 10.5.1 Community Cadres</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.5.2 College Graduate Village Officials -- 10.6 Social Security -- 10.6.1 Unified Urban and Rural Health Insurance -- 10.6.2 Minimum Standard of Living -- 10.6.3 Maternity Insurance -- 10.6.4 Pension Insurance -- 10.6.5 Other Social Security Programs -- 10.7 Environmental Protection -- 10.8 Community Training -- Part IV: Research Conclusions -- Chapter 11: Conclusions -- 11.1 The Rural Gender Imbalance Is Serious and Gender Selection Is Widespread -- 11.2 The Aging Trend in Rural Area Intensifies, as the Elderly Make Up 15.2% of the Population -- 11.3 The Proportion of Rural Unmarried Population Gradually Increased, "Left Men" Problem Particularly Prominent -- 11.4 The Achievements of Nine-Year Compulsory Education Are Obvious, but There Are Still 9.5% of the Post-1995 Generation Who Have Not Completed Middle School -- 11.5 The Education Levels of the Rural Population Are Low, but the Improvement Trend Is Obvious -- 11.6 Rural Income Inequality Is Ever Increasing, 20% of Households with the Highest Income Account for 53% of Total Household Income -- 11.7 The Shares of Rural Consumer Spending Are Concentrated, with Food and Other Three Categories Accounting for 82% -- 11.8 The Number of Left-Behind Children and Elderly People Is Large but on the Decline</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Migration, 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Limited,c2019</subfield><subfield code="z">9789811380815</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-30-PQE</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="999" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033076272</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="966" ind1="e" ind2=" "><subfield code="u">https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/hwr/detail.action?docID=5835446</subfield><subfield code="l">HWR01</subfield><subfield code="p">ZDB-30-PQE</subfield><subfield code="q">HWR_PDA_PQE</subfield><subfield code="x">Aggregator</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV047692278 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:57:25Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:19:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789811380822 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033076272 |
| oclc_num | 1109957133 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-2070s |
| owner_facet | DE-2070s |
| physical | 1 online resource (266 pages) |
| psigel | ZDB-30-PQE ZDB-30-PQE HWR_PDA_PQE |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Springer Singapore Pte. Limited |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Qian, Wenrong Verfasser aut Societal Development in Rural China Singapore Springer Singapore Pte. Limited 2019 ©2019 1 online resource (266 pages) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I: Survey Background and Sampling Design -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 History of Related Rural Household Panel Surveys -- 1.1.1 Rural Surveys During the Period of the Republic of China -- 1.1.2 National Population Census of the People's Republic of China -- 1.1.3 China Rural Surveys -- 1.1.4 National Fixed Point Survey (NFPS) -- 1.1.5 Rural Household Survey (RHS) -- 1.1.6 China Household Income Projects (CHIP) -- 1.1.7 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) -- 1.1.8 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) -- 1.1.9 China Family Panel Studies, CFPS -- 1.1.10 Chinese General Social Survey, CGSS -- 1.1.11 China Labor Force Dynamics Survey, CLDS -- 1.2 Historical Background of the China Rural Household Panel Survey -- 1.3 The Purposes of China Rural Household Panel Survey -- 1.4 Contents of This Report -- References -- Chapter 2: Survey Sampling Design -- 2.1 Overall Sampling Plan -- 2.1.1 The Sampling Design of 2011 -- 2.1.1.1 The First Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.1.2 The Second Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.1.3 The Third Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.2 The Sampling Design Plan of 2013 -- 2.1.2.1 The First Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.2.2 The Second Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.2.3 The Third Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.3 The Sampling Design Plan of 2015 -- 2.1.3.1 The First Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.3.2 The Second Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.3.3 The Third Stage of Sampling -- 2.2 Terminal Sampling Design -- 2.2.1 Residence Mapping -- 2.2.2 Terminal Sampling Plan -- 2.3 Survey Sample Weights -- 2.4 Size and Distribution of Samples Over the Years -- 2.5 The Tracking Condition of Each Year -- 2.5.1 The Tracking Condition of Rural Families in Rural Area -- 2.5.2 The Tracking Condition of the Migrant Workers' Families -- 2.6 Data Collection and Quality Control 2.6.1 Data Collection -- 2.6.1.1 Means of Survey -- 2.6.1.2 Interviewer Selection and Training -- 2.6.2 Data Quality Control -- 2.6.2.1 Quality Control During the Interviews -- 2.6.2.2 Data Inspection -- Part II: Basic Characteristics of Rural Households -- Chapter 3: Basic Structure of Rural Households -- 3.1 Household Structure -- 3.2 Gender Structure -- 3.3 Age Structure -- 3.4 Educational Attainment Structure -- 3.5 Marital Status -- 3.6 Physical Status -- 3.7 Political Status -- Chapter 4: Employment of Rural Households -- 4.1 Economically Active Population and the Working Population -- 4.2 Composition of the Economically Active Population and the Working Population -- 4.2.1 Gender Structure -- 4.2.2 Age Structure -- 4.2.3 Educational Attainment Structure -- 4.3 Nonagricultural Population and Its Structure -- 4.3.1 Employment Structure -- 4.3.2 Gender Structure -- 4.3.3 Age Structure -- 4.3.4 Education-Level Structure -- 4.3.5 Industry Structure -- 4.3.5.1 Gender Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.3.5.2 Age Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.3.5.3 Education Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.4 Industry Distribution of Different Populations -- 4.4.1 Industry Distribution Based on Gender -- 4.4.2 Industry Distribution Based on Age Groups -- 4.4.3 Industry Distribution Among People with Different Educational Backgrounds -- 4.5 Industry Composition of the Working Population in Different Communities -- 4.6 Family Employment Types and Their Compositions -- Chapter 5: Income and Expenditure of Rural Households -- 5.1 Income and Its Structure -- 5.1.1 General Situation of Income -- 5.1.2 Changes of Income -- 5.1.3 Average Wage of Various Industries -- 5.2 Income and Its Composition of Different Groups -- 5.2.1 Gender -- 5.2.2 Age -- 5.2.3 Education Level -- 5.2.4 Experience as Migrant Workers -- 5.3 Income Inequality 5.3.1 General Situation of Income Inequality -- 5.3.2 Changes of Income Inequality -- 5.4 Income and Income Inequality in Different Communities -- 5.4.1 Community Expenditure -- 5.4.2 Confirmation on the Right to the Contracted Management of Land -- 5.5 Expenditure and Its Composition -- 5.5.1 General Situation of Expenditure -- 5.5.2 Nonproduction Expenses -- 5.5.3 Transfer Expenditure -- 5.5.4 Changes of Expenditure -- 5.6 Expenditure of Different Groups of People and Its Composition -- 5.6.1 Salary -- 5.6.2 Age -- 5.6.3 Experience as Migrant Workers -- Chapter 6: Fortune of Rural Households -- 6.1 Rural Family Assets -- 6.1.1 Introduction of Family Assets in Rural Areas -- 6.1.2 Structure of Family Assets in Rural Areas -- 6.1.2.1 Financial Assets and Nonfinancial Assets -- 6.1.2.2 Nonfinancial Assets -- 6.1.2.3 Financial Assets -- 6.1.3 Rural Household Property and Land Value -- 6.1.3.1 Property -- 6.1.3.2 Land -- 6.2 Liability of Rural Households -- 6.2.1 Introduction of Liability in Rural Households -- 6.2.2 Liability Structure of Rural Households -- 6.3 Net Worth of Rural Households -- Part III: Public Service of Rural Households -- Chapter 7: Social Security of Rural Households -- 7.1 Endowment Insurance -- 7.1.1 Endowment Insurance Penetration -- 7.1.2 Endowment Insurance Reception Proportion -- 7.1.3 Contributions to Social Endowment Insurance Versus Individual Income -- 7.1.4 Account Balance of Social Endowment Insurance -- 7.1.5 Implementation of Unifying the Two Separate Pension Systems -- 7.2 Medical Insurance -- 7.2.1 Coverage of Social Medical Insurance -- 7.2.2 Premium of Medical Insurance -- 7.2.3 Personal Account of Social Medical Insurance -- 7.2.4 Social Pool for Major Disease Treatment -- 7.2.5 Medical Insurance and Medical Expenses -- 7.3 Unemployment Insurance, Maternity Insurance and Work-Related Injury Insurance 7.4 Public Housing Fund -- 7.5 Commercial Insurance -- 7.5.1 Commercial Insurance Coverage -- 7.5.2 Commercial Life Insurance -- 7.5.3 Commercial Health Insurance -- 7.5.4 Other Types of Commercial Insurance -- Chapter 8: Education of Rural Households -- 8.1 Education Level -- 8.2 Education Condition -- 8.3 Education Expectation -- 8.4 Education Expenses -- Chapter 9: Community Environment of Rural Households -- 9.1 Village Profile and Population -- 9.1.1 Village Profile -- 9.1.2 Demographic Characteristics -- 9.1.2.1 Population Size -- 9.1.2.2 Age Structure -- 9.1.2.3 Educational Level -- 9.1.2.4 Migrant Workers -- 9.1.2.5 Households That Have Lost Their Only Child and the Left-Behind Population -- 9.1.2.6 Population Migration -- 9.2 Community Infrastructure -- 9.2.1 Communities' Water and Electricity -- 9.2.1.1 Domestic Water -- 9.2.1.2 Energy Consumption -- 9.2.2 Communities' Transport -- 9.2.3 Community Education -- 9.2.4 Other Infrastructure -- 9.3 Overview of Rural Industries -- 9.4 Collective Assets and Debts -- 9.5 Community Spending and Income -- 9.5.1 Community Spending -- 9.5.2 Community Income -- 9.5.3 The Implementation of Community Projects -- 9.6 Agricultural Land, Land Expropriation and Demolition -- 9.6.1 Overview of Agricultural Land -- 9.6.2 Land Expropriation and Demolition -- Chapter 10: Governance and Public Services of Rural Communities -- 10.1 Main Governance Body and Mechanism -- 10.1.1 Main Governance Body -- 10.1.2 Governance Mechanism -- 10.2 Governance Conditions -- 10.3 Disputes and Settlement in Communities -- 10.4 Social Organizations and Religious Belief -- 10.4.1 Overview of Social Organizations -- 10.4.2 Public Services Provided by Social Organizations -- 10.4.3 Religious Belief -- 10.5 Community Cadres and College Graduate Village Officials -- 10.5.1 Community Cadres 10.5.2 College Graduate Village Officials -- 10.6 Social Security -- 10.6.1 Unified Urban and Rural Health Insurance -- 10.6.2 Minimum Standard of Living -- 10.6.3 Maternity Insurance -- 10.6.4 Pension Insurance -- 10.6.5 Other Social Security Programs -- 10.7 Environmental Protection -- 10.8 Community Training -- Part IV: Research Conclusions -- Chapter 11: Conclusions -- 11.1 The Rural Gender Imbalance Is Serious and Gender Selection Is Widespread -- 11.2 The Aging Trend in Rural Area Intensifies, as the Elderly Make Up 15.2% of the Population -- 11.3 The Proportion of Rural Unmarried Population Gradually Increased, "Left Men" Problem Particularly Prominent -- 11.4 The Achievements of Nine-Year Compulsory Education Are Obvious, but There Are Still 9.5% of the Post-1995 Generation Who Have Not Completed Middle School -- 11.5 The Education Levels of the Rural Population Are Low, but the Improvement Trend Is Obvious -- 11.6 Rural Income Inequality Is Ever Increasing, 20% of Households with the Highest Income Account for 53% of Total Household Income -- 11.7 The Shares of Rural Consumer Spending Are Concentrated, with Food and Other Three Categories Accounting for 82% -- 11.8 The Number of Left-Behind Children and Elderly People Is Large but on the Decline Migration, Internal-China.. Peasants-China-Social conditions.. Rural families-China Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Qian, Wenrong Societal Development in Rural China Singapore : Springer Singapore Pte. Limited,c2019 9789811380815 |
| spellingShingle | Qian, Wenrong Societal Development in Rural China Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Part I: Survey Background and Sampling Design -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 History of Related Rural Household Panel Surveys -- 1.1.1 Rural Surveys During the Period of the Republic of China -- 1.1.2 National Population Census of the People's Republic of China -- 1.1.3 China Rural Surveys -- 1.1.4 National Fixed Point Survey (NFPS) -- 1.1.5 Rural Household Survey (RHS) -- 1.1.6 China Household Income Projects (CHIP) -- 1.1.7 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) -- 1.1.8 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) -- 1.1.9 China Family Panel Studies, CFPS -- 1.1.10 Chinese General Social Survey, CGSS -- 1.1.11 China Labor Force Dynamics Survey, CLDS -- 1.2 Historical Background of the China Rural Household Panel Survey -- 1.3 The Purposes of China Rural Household Panel Survey -- 1.4 Contents of This Report -- References -- Chapter 2: Survey Sampling Design -- 2.1 Overall Sampling Plan -- 2.1.1 The Sampling Design of 2011 -- 2.1.1.1 The First Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.1.2 The Second Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.1.3 The Third Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.2 The Sampling Design Plan of 2013 -- 2.1.2.1 The First Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.2.2 The Second Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.2.3 The Third Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.3 The Sampling Design Plan of 2015 -- 2.1.3.1 The First Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.3.2 The Second Stage of Sampling -- 2.1.3.3 The Third Stage of Sampling -- 2.2 Terminal Sampling Design -- 2.2.1 Residence Mapping -- 2.2.2 Terminal Sampling Plan -- 2.3 Survey Sample Weights -- 2.4 Size and Distribution of Samples Over the Years -- 2.5 The Tracking Condition of Each Year -- 2.5.1 The Tracking Condition of Rural Families in Rural Area -- 2.5.2 The Tracking Condition of the Migrant Workers' Families -- 2.6 Data Collection and Quality Control 2.6.1 Data Collection -- 2.6.1.1 Means of Survey -- 2.6.1.2 Interviewer Selection and Training -- 2.6.2 Data Quality Control -- 2.6.2.1 Quality Control During the Interviews -- 2.6.2.2 Data Inspection -- Part II: Basic Characteristics of Rural Households -- Chapter 3: Basic Structure of Rural Households -- 3.1 Household Structure -- 3.2 Gender Structure -- 3.3 Age Structure -- 3.4 Educational Attainment Structure -- 3.5 Marital Status -- 3.6 Physical Status -- 3.7 Political Status -- Chapter 4: Employment of Rural Households -- 4.1 Economically Active Population and the Working Population -- 4.2 Composition of the Economically Active Population and the Working Population -- 4.2.1 Gender Structure -- 4.2.2 Age Structure -- 4.2.3 Educational Attainment Structure -- 4.3 Nonagricultural Population and Its Structure -- 4.3.1 Employment Structure -- 4.3.2 Gender Structure -- 4.3.3 Age Structure -- 4.3.4 Education-Level Structure -- 4.3.5 Industry Structure -- 4.3.5.1 Gender Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.3.5.2 Age Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.3.5.3 Education Structure of Nonagricultural Industries -- 4.4 Industry Distribution of Different Populations -- 4.4.1 Industry Distribution Based on Gender -- 4.4.2 Industry Distribution Based on Age Groups -- 4.4.3 Industry Distribution Among People with Different Educational Backgrounds -- 4.5 Industry Composition of the Working Population in Different Communities -- 4.6 Family Employment Types and Their Compositions -- Chapter 5: Income and Expenditure of Rural Households -- 5.1 Income and Its Structure -- 5.1.1 General Situation of Income -- 5.1.2 Changes of Income -- 5.1.3 Average Wage of Various Industries -- 5.2 Income and Its Composition of Different Groups -- 5.2.1 Gender -- 5.2.2 Age -- 5.2.3 Education Level -- 5.2.4 Experience as Migrant Workers -- 5.3 Income Inequality 5.3.1 General Situation of Income Inequality -- 5.3.2 Changes of Income Inequality -- 5.4 Income and Income Inequality in Different Communities -- 5.4.1 Community Expenditure -- 5.4.2 Confirmation on the Right to the Contracted Management of Land -- 5.5 Expenditure and Its Composition -- 5.5.1 General Situation of Expenditure -- 5.5.2 Nonproduction Expenses -- 5.5.3 Transfer Expenditure -- 5.5.4 Changes of Expenditure -- 5.6 Expenditure of Different Groups of People and Its Composition -- 5.6.1 Salary -- 5.6.2 Age -- 5.6.3 Experience as Migrant Workers -- Chapter 6: Fortune of Rural Households -- 6.1 Rural Family Assets -- 6.1.1 Introduction of Family Assets in Rural Areas -- 6.1.2 Structure of Family Assets in Rural Areas -- 6.1.2.1 Financial Assets and Nonfinancial Assets -- 6.1.2.2 Nonfinancial Assets -- 6.1.2.3 Financial Assets -- 6.1.3 Rural Household Property and Land Value -- 6.1.3.1 Property -- 6.1.3.2 Land -- 6.2 Liability of Rural Households -- 6.2.1 Introduction of Liability in Rural Households -- 6.2.2 Liability Structure of Rural Households -- 6.3 Net Worth of Rural Households -- Part III: Public Service of Rural Households -- Chapter 7: Social Security of Rural Households -- 7.1 Endowment Insurance -- 7.1.1 Endowment Insurance Penetration -- 7.1.2 Endowment Insurance Reception Proportion -- 7.1.3 Contributions to Social Endowment Insurance Versus Individual Income -- 7.1.4 Account Balance of Social Endowment Insurance -- 7.1.5 Implementation of Unifying the Two Separate Pension Systems -- 7.2 Medical Insurance -- 7.2.1 Coverage of Social Medical Insurance -- 7.2.2 Premium of Medical Insurance -- 7.2.3 Personal Account of Social Medical Insurance -- 7.2.4 Social Pool for Major Disease Treatment -- 7.2.5 Medical Insurance and Medical Expenses -- 7.3 Unemployment Insurance, Maternity Insurance and Work-Related Injury Insurance 7.4 Public Housing Fund -- 7.5 Commercial Insurance -- 7.5.1 Commercial Insurance Coverage -- 7.5.2 Commercial Life Insurance -- 7.5.3 Commercial Health Insurance -- 7.5.4 Other Types of Commercial Insurance -- Chapter 8: Education of Rural Households -- 8.1 Education Level -- 8.2 Education Condition -- 8.3 Education Expectation -- 8.4 Education Expenses -- Chapter 9: Community Environment of Rural Households -- 9.1 Village Profile and Population -- 9.1.1 Village Profile -- 9.1.2 Demographic Characteristics -- 9.1.2.1 Population Size -- 9.1.2.2 Age Structure -- 9.1.2.3 Educational Level -- 9.1.2.4 Migrant Workers -- 9.1.2.5 Households That Have Lost Their Only Child and the Left-Behind Population -- 9.1.2.6 Population Migration -- 9.2 Community Infrastructure -- 9.2.1 Communities' Water and Electricity -- 9.2.1.1 Domestic Water -- 9.2.1.2 Energy Consumption -- 9.2.2 Communities' Transport -- 9.2.3 Community Education -- 9.2.4 Other Infrastructure -- 9.3 Overview of Rural Industries -- 9.4 Collective Assets and Debts -- 9.5 Community Spending and Income -- 9.5.1 Community Spending -- 9.5.2 Community Income -- 9.5.3 The Implementation of Community Projects -- 9.6 Agricultural Land, Land Expropriation and Demolition -- 9.6.1 Overview of Agricultural Land -- 9.6.2 Land Expropriation and Demolition -- Chapter 10: Governance and Public Services of Rural Communities -- 10.1 Main Governance Body and Mechanism -- 10.1.1 Main Governance Body -- 10.1.2 Governance Mechanism -- 10.2 Governance Conditions -- 10.3 Disputes and Settlement in Communities -- 10.4 Social Organizations and Religious Belief -- 10.4.1 Overview of Social Organizations -- 10.4.2 Public Services Provided by Social Organizations -- 10.4.3 Religious Belief -- 10.5 Community Cadres and College Graduate Village Officials -- 10.5.1 Community Cadres 10.5.2 College Graduate Village Officials -- 10.6 Social Security -- 10.6.1 Unified Urban and Rural Health Insurance -- 10.6.2 Minimum Standard of Living -- 10.6.3 Maternity Insurance -- 10.6.4 Pension Insurance -- 10.6.5 Other Social Security Programs -- 10.7 Environmental Protection -- 10.8 Community Training -- Part IV: Research Conclusions -- Chapter 11: Conclusions -- 11.1 The Rural Gender Imbalance Is Serious and Gender Selection Is Widespread -- 11.2 The Aging Trend in Rural Area Intensifies, as the Elderly Make Up 15.2% of the Population -- 11.3 The Proportion of Rural Unmarried Population Gradually Increased, "Left Men" Problem Particularly Prominent -- 11.4 The Achievements of Nine-Year Compulsory Education Are Obvious, but There Are Still 9.5% of the Post-1995 Generation Who Have Not Completed Middle School -- 11.5 The Education Levels of the Rural Population Are Low, but the Improvement Trend Is Obvious -- 11.6 Rural Income Inequality Is Ever Increasing, 20% of Households with the Highest Income Account for 53% of Total Household Income -- 11.7 The Shares of Rural Consumer Spending Are Concentrated, with Food and Other Three Categories Accounting for 82% -- 11.8 The Number of Left-Behind Children and Elderly People Is Large but on the Decline Migration, Internal-China.. Peasants-China-Social conditions.. Rural families-China |
| title | Societal Development in Rural China |
| title_auth | Societal Development in Rural China |
| title_exact_search | Societal Development in Rural China |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Societal Development in Rural China |
| title_full | Societal Development in Rural China |
| title_fullStr | Societal Development in Rural China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Societal Development in Rural China |
| title_short | Societal Development in Rural China |
| title_sort | societal development in rural china |
| topic | Migration, Internal-China.. Peasants-China-Social conditions.. Rural families-China |
| topic_facet | Migration, Internal-China.. Peasants-China-Social conditions.. Rural families-China |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qianwenrong societaldevelopmentinruralchina |