The cosmopolitan businessman: world and worldview of Greek merchant-entrepreneurs
"Ariadni Moutafidou, a well-known historian who wrote extensively about the history of Greece in modern times, focuses in her newest book, The Cosmopolitan Businessman, on the nineteenth century history of the Greek mercantile diaspora in its time of prominence. Drawing on a wide range and vari...
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| Zusammenfassung: | "Ariadni Moutafidou, a well-known historian who wrote extensively about the history of Greece in modern times, focuses in her newest book, The Cosmopolitan Businessman, on the nineteenth century history of the Greek mercantile diaspora in its time of prominence. Drawing on a wide range and variety of research Moutafidou examines entrepreneurial networks formed across geographic boundaries in land and sea relating cultures, ideology and mentalities with economic practice and business performance. The author investigates cases of distinguished personalities and prominent Greek merchant-entrepreneurs and shipowners shedding light on their activities and ideas, and on how they appraised their business and their competitors. Vikelas, the first President of the International Olympic Committee, along with the Melas, Mavros and Basileiou families, Malta-based broker Pappaffy, an influential businessman of the British and Mediterranean economic world and a celebrated philanthropist, the Rallis, Petrocochinos and Salvagos, Syngros and the Zarifis, are only few of the many captivating figures appearing in the book. Moutafidou thoroughly looks into sources such as memoirs, literature, archives, commercial trade books, the press as well as family records and references made by rival businessmen. She compares various historical times, regions and ethnic groups, and draws useful parallels and/or differences with the Greek case. In the process, she investigates the relations between distinct, ethnic mercantile communities, using the Greek case in particular and the paradigm of leading Jewish merchant-bankers West and East, such as the Bischoffsheims, Oppenheims, or Camondos, and exploring the themes of internationalization, competition and cooperation, risk and innovation. Her method allows her to enrich our knowledge about early globalization, about the importance of liberalism, and the operation of capitalist activity. An original book, unique in its field. Historians, their students, and an interested public as well, will greatly appreciate this significant contribution to the study of economic, social and cultural history of the Greek mercantile diaspora, Europe and the Mediterranean world"-- |
| Beschreibung: | xxv, 330 Seiten 23 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781536191875 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Commerce, the merchant, and morality in seventeenth century Europe and in the nineteenth century Levant -- World and worldview of Greek merchant families : the testimony of Demetrius Vikelas -- The Mediterranean merchant : identities and charities of Giovanni di Niccolo Pappaffy -- Greek merchant-entrepreneurs and Jewish bankers in nineteenth century Europe and the Levant : connections, cooperation and perceptions | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "Ariadni Moutafidou, a well-known historian who wrote extensively about the history of Greece in modern times, focuses in her newest book, The Cosmopolitan Businessman, on the nineteenth century history of the Greek mercantile diaspora in its time of prominence. Drawing on a wide range and variety of research Moutafidou examines entrepreneurial networks formed across geographic boundaries in land and sea relating cultures, ideology and mentalities with economic practice and business performance. The author investigates cases of distinguished personalities and prominent Greek merchant-entrepreneurs and shipowners shedding light on their activities and ideas, and on how they appraised their business and their competitors. | |
| 520 | 3 | |a Vikelas, the first President of the International Olympic Committee, along with the Melas, Mavros and Basileiou families, Malta-based broker Pappaffy, an influential businessman of the British and Mediterranean economic world and a celebrated philanthropist, the Rallis, Petrocochinos and Salvagos, Syngros and the Zarifis, are only few of the many captivating figures appearing in the book. Moutafidou thoroughly looks into sources such as memoirs, literature, archives, commercial trade books, the press as well as family records and references made by rival businessmen. She compares various historical times, regions and ethnic groups, and draws useful parallels and/or differences with the Greek case. | |
| 520 | 3 | |a In the process, she investigates the relations between distinct, ethnic mercantile communities, using the Greek case in particular and the paradigm of leading Jewish merchant-bankers West and East, such as the Bischoffsheims, Oppenheims, or Camondos, and exploring the themes of internationalization, competition and cooperation, risk and innovation. Her method allows her to enrich our knowledge about early globalization, about the importance of liberalism, and the operation of capitalist activity. An original book, unique in its field. Historians, their students, and an interested public as well, will greatly appreciate this significant contribution to the study of economic, social and cultural history of the Greek mercantile diaspora, Europe and the Mediterranean world"-- | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents Acknowledgements ix Explanatory Notes xiii Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 xv Commerce, the Merchant, and Morality in Seventeenth Century Europe and in the Nineteenth Century Levant World and Worldview of Greek Merchant Families: The Testimony of Demetrius Vikelas 1 71 The Mediterranean Merchant: Identities and Charities of Giovanni di Niccolò Pappafíy 145 Greek Merchant-Entrepreneurs and Jewish Bankers in Nineteenth Century Europe and the Levant: Connections, Cooperation and Perceptions 221 Concluding Remarks 261 Sources and Bibliography 263
viii Contents About the Author 313 Index 315
Sources and Bibliography Sources Unpublished Sources Archives Pappaffy archive. The digitized Pappaffy archive is accessible online at www.papafeio.gr, last accessed November 13, 2008. Documents were at that time freely accessible at http://www.papafeio.gr/ viewdocument.j sp?docID=xxxx, cited as PA #xxxx. The corpus included 2,841 documents. Transcribed texts should be compared with the digital image of the original. Published Sources Autobiographies, Memoirs, Journals, Edited Correspondence Bamberger, Ludwig. Erinnerungen. Berlin: Reimer, 1899. Bourchier, Lady, ed. Memoir of the Life of Admiral Sir Edward Codrington. With Selections from his Public and Private Correspondence. 2 vols. London: Longmans, Green, Co., 1873.
264 Ariadni Moutafidou ---------. Selections from the Letters, Private and Professional, of Sir Henry Codrington Admiral of the Fleet. London: Spottiswoode Co., 1880. Delta, Penelope S. Protes Enthymiseis [First memories]. Athens: Ennis, 1985. Equiano, Olaudah. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself. 2 vols. London: printed by the author, 1789. Reprinted with revisions by Angelo Costanzo. New York: Broadview, 2002. Page references are to the 2002 edition. Gennadius, Joannes. Notes on the Recent Murders by Brigands in Greece. London: Cartwright, 1870. ---------. Stephen A. Ralli: A Biographical Memoir. London: privately printed, 1902. Haussmann, Georges-Eugène Baron. Mémoires. 3 vols. Paris: Victor Havard, 1890-93. Syngros, Andreas. Apomnimoneumata [Memoirs], Athens: Estia, 1908. Vikelas, Demetrius. Apanta [Complete works]. Edited by Alkis Aggelou. 8 vols. Athens: Syllogos pros Diadosin Ofelimon Vivlion, 1997. ---------. I zoi той. Paidikai anamniseis. Neanikoi chronoi [My life. Childhood memories. The years of youth], Athens: Syllogos pros Diadosin Ofelimon Vivlion, 1908. ---------. Loukis Laras: Autoviografia gerontos Chiou [Loukis Laras: Autobiography of an elderly Chiot], Athens: Estia, 1879. ---------. Loukis Laras. Edited by Marianna Ditsa. Athens: Ermis, 1991. ---------. “Mia ex Athinon epistoli tou Cobden” [A letter of Cobden from Athens]. Estia 2, no. 103 (December 18, 1877): 814. ---------. “O Bright peri tou Cobden” [Bright about Cobden], Estia 2, no. 87 (August 28, 1877): 555-58. Xenos,
Stephanos. Depredations, or Overend, Gunney, and the Greek and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. London: Clayton Co., 1869. Zarifis, Georgios L. Oi anamniseis той. Enas kosmos рои efyge: Konstantinoupoli, 1800-1920 [My memories. A vanished world: Istanbul, 1800-1920]. Athens: Trochaba, 2002.
Sources and Bibliography 265 Antique Prints, Commercial Trade Books, Works ofReference Biographie universelle, ancienne et moderne, ou Histoire, par ordre alphabétique, de la vie publique et privée de tous les hommes qui se sont fait remarquer par leurs écrits, leurs actions, leurs talents, leurs vertus et leurs crimes. Vol. 40. Paris: L. G. Michaud, 1825. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k51674f/f685.item.textelmage. Darvaris, Demetrius N. Grammatiki germaniki [German grammar]. Vienna: Joseph Baumeister, 1785. Johnson, Samuel. A Dictionary of the English Language: In which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examplesfrom the best writers. To which are prefixed, a History of the Language, and an English Grammar. 2 vols. London: printed by W. Strahan, for J. P. Knapton, T. T. Longman, C. Hitch L. Hawes, A. Millar, R. J. Dodsley, 1755. McCulloch, John Ramsay. A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical, of Commerce and Commercial Navigation. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Thomas Wardle, 1841. --------- . The Literature of Political Economy. A Classified Catalogue of Select Publications in the different departments of that Science, with Historical, Critical and Biographical Notices. London: Longmann, Brown, Green, Longmans, 1845. Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G. Ermis о Kerdoos itoi Emporiki Egkyklopaideia [Hermes the Profit Maker or Commercial Encyclopedia]. Venice: Nikolaos Glykis, 1815. Reprinted and edited by Triantafyllos E. Sklavenitis and Panagiotis A. Michalaris. 4 vols. Athens: Politistiko Technologiko Idryma
ETBA, 1989. Page references are to the 1989 edition. --------- . О Emporikos Kodix tis Gallias [The Commercial Code ofFrance]. Vienna: Hirschfeld, 1817. Pappaffy, Giovanni di Niccolò. Memorandum respecting the Corn Duties of England and its Grain Trade with the Mediterranean. London: W. Clowes Sons, 1838.
266 Ariadni Moutafidou ---------. The Merchants and the Currency of Malta. Malta: F. W. Franz, 1851. ---------. The Merchants and the Currency of Malta (1851). Reprint. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger, 2010. ---------. The Merchants and the Currency of Malta. Reprint. Charleston, SC: BiblioBazaar, 2011. ---------. I Negozianti e la Moneta Corrente di Malta. Translated from the English original. Malta: n.p., 1851. ---------. The Recent Alterations in the Currency of Malta. London: W. Clowes Sons, 1845. ---------. Remarks on the Currency of Malta and on three pamphlets published by Mr. Christian on the subject. Malta: printed by the author, 1841. ---------. “Testament I.” In Ioannis Papafis kai to Papafeio Orfanotrofeio “O Melitefs” [.Ioannis Papafis and the Papafeio orphanage “O Melitefs”], edited by Archimandrite Antonios Pakalidis, 191-202. Salónica: Melissa, 2005. ---------. “Testament II.” In Ioannis Papafis kai to Papafeio orfanotrofeio “O Melitefs” [.Ioannis Papafis and the Papafeio orphanage “O Melitefs”], edited by Archimandrite Antonios Pakalidis, 203-12. Salónica: Melissa, 2005. ---------. “Testament II-Additional letter.” In Ioannis Papafis kai to Papafeio orfanotrofeio “O Melitefs” [.Ioannis Papafis and the Papafeio orphanage “O Melitefs”], edited by Archimandrite Antonios Pakalidis, 212-13. Salónica: Melissa, 2005. Peuchet, Jacques. Dictionnaire Universel de la Géographie Commerçante, Contenant tout ce qui a raport à la situation et à l’étendue de chaque Etat commerçant; aux productions de l’Agriculture, et au commerce qui s’en faut; aux Manufactures, Pêches, Mines, et
au commerce qui se fait de leurs produits; aux Lois, Usages, Tribunaux et Administrations du Commerce; au Roulage, à la Navigation; aux Banques, Compagnies de commerce, Poids, Mesures et Monnaies; au Commerce d’exportation et d’importation, au Change, à la Balance du Commerce, aux Colonies, etc. 5 vols. Paris: Testu,
Sources and Bibliography 267 1798/99-1799/1800. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97350212. texte Image. Postlethwayt, Malachy. African Trade, the Great Pillar and Support of the British Plantation Trade in Africa. London: J. Robinson, 1745. ---------. The National and Private Advantages of the African Trade Considered. London: John Paul Knapton, 1746. ---------. The Universal Dictionary of Trade and Commerce. London: John Paul Knapton, 1751-55. Savary, Jacques. Le Parfait Négociant ou Instruction générale pour ce qui regarde le commerce de toute sorte de Marchandises, tant de France, que des Pays Estrangers. Pour la Banque, le Change Rechange. Pour les Societez ordinaires, en commandite, anonymes. Pour les Faillites, Banqueroutes, Separations, Cessions, abandonnements de Biens. Pour la maniere de tenir les Livres Journaux d’achapts, de ventes, de caisse, et de raison. Avec des Formulaires de Lettres Billets de Change, d’inventaire, de toutes sortes de Societez. Et l’Application des Ordonnances et Arrests rendus sur toutes les Questions les plus difficiles qui arrivent entre les Marchands, Négocions, et Banquiers, sur toute sorte de matières concernant le Commerce. Paris: Jean Guignard fils, 1675. https://gallica.bnf.fi·/ ark:/12148/bpt6k5865255s.textelmage. ---------. Parères ou Avis et Conseils sur les plus importantes matières du commerce. Contenant la Resolution des Questions les plus difficiles, sçavoir sur les Banqueroutes Faillites; des lettres billets de Change; des ordres sans datte sans expression de valeur; des signatures en blanc; des Novations des lettres
billets de Change; de celles qui sont tirées ou acceptées par des femmes en puissance de mary; de minorité des tireurs; des differentes sociétés; de la competence des Juges Consuls; sur plusieurs autres Questions touchant le fait du Commerce; Ensemble Plusieurs Arrests des Parlemens rendus conformément à ces Parères. Paris: Jean Guignard, 1688.
268 Ariadni Moutafidou Public Documents, Annual Reports, Document Collections, Catalogues, Protocols, and Other Published Primary Sources A Catalogue of the Library of the Athenaeum. [With] Suppl. 1, 2. Printed for the members. London: Club Library Athenaeum, 1845. Catalogue of the Library of the Statistical Society of London Founded 1834. London: John W. Parker Son, 1859. A Classified Catalogue of the Malta Garrison Library [with] Books Received December 1840. Reprinted. Charleston, SC: BiblioBazaar, 2010. Cyprus State Archives. Cyprus the Island, 1879. Economy and Politics. Nicosia: Press Information Office, 2009. Debates of the Council of Government ofMalta in the sessions of1876-77 (-1885-86). Reprint. Charleston, SC: BiblioBazaar, 2010. Dunbar, Edward E. The Mexican Papers, Containing the History of the Rise and Decline of Commercial Slavery in America, with Reference to the Future ofMexico. New York: Rud Carleton, 1861. Index to the Subject-Matter of the Works contained in the Catalogue of the Statistical Society. Completed to 31 December, 1883. London: Edward Stanford, 1886. Indice delle miscellanee che si conservano nella pubblica biblioteca di Malta. Valetta: Stamperia del Governo, 1857. Malta Blue Book from the year 1938. Malta: Government Printing Office, 1938. Papers by Command. Voi. 52, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1905. Public Documents of Massachusetts: Being the Annual Reports of various Public Officers and Institutions for the Year 1884. Published by the Secretary of the Commonwealth. Voi. 1. Boston:
Wright Potter, 1885. Report. Voi. 40, Commonwealth Shipping Committee. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1912.
Sources and Bibliography 269 Report of the Librarian of the State Library ofMassachusetts, for the year ending September 30, 1880; andfirst annual supplement to the general catalogue. Boston: Rand, Avery, Co., 1881. Sessional Papers. Voi. 45, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1901. The Sessional Papers printed by Order of the House ofLords, or presented by Royal Command in the Session 1837-1838. Voi. 8. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1838. Thornton, W. H. Memoir of the Finances ofMalta, Under the Government of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, During the Last Years of its Dominion, and as Compared with those of the Present Time. Malta: Government Press, 1836. Secondary Bibliography Abercrombie, Nicholas, and Stephen Hill. “Paternalism and Patronage.” British Journal of Sociology 27 (December 1976): 413-29. https://doi.org/10.2307/590182. Agriantoni, Christina. Oi aparches tis ekviomichanisis stin Ellada ton 19o aiona [The origins of industrialization in Greece in the 19th century]. Athens: Istoriko Archeio Emporiki Trapeza tis Ellados, 1986. Aheam, Edward J. “Monceau, Camondo, La Curée, L’Argent: History, Art, Evil.” French Review 73, no. 6 (May 2000): 1100-1115. https://www.jstor.org/stable/399365. Akerlof, George, and Rachel E. Kranton. “Economics and Identity.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 115, no. 3 (August 2002): 715-53. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355300554881. Aldridge, Delores P., and Cariene Young, eds. Out of the Revolution: The Development of Africana Studies. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2003.
Alff, Kristen. “Levantine Joint-Stock Companies, Trans-Mediterranean Partnerships, and Nineteenth-Century Capitalist Development.”
270 Ariadni Moutafidou Comparative Studies in Society and History 60, no. 1 (January 2018): 150-77. https://d0i.0rg/l0.1017/S0010417517000445. Anastasopoulos, Antonis. “Building Alliances: A Christian Merchant in Eighteenth-Century Karaferye.” Oriente Moderno 25, no. 1 (2006): 65-75. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25818046. Anderson, M. S. The Eastern Question, 1774-1923. A Study in International Relations. 6th ed. London: Macmillan, 1991. Andreoni, James. “Impure Altruism and Donations to Public Goods: A Theory of Warm-Glow Giving.” Economic Journal 100, no. 401 (June 1990): 464-77. https://doi.org/10.2307/2234133. ---------. “Philanthropy.” In Handbook of the Economics of Giving, Reciprocity and Altruism, edited by Serge-Christophe Kolm and Jean Mercier Ythier, 1201-69. Amsterdam: North Holland, 2006. Ani, Marimba. Let the Circle Be Unbroken: The Implications of African Spirituality for the Diaspora. Lawrenceville, NJ: Red Sea, 1994. Armstrong, John A. “Mobilized and Proletarian Diasporas.” American Political Science Review 70, no. 2 (June 1976): 393—408. https://doi.org/10.2307/1959646. Arvanitakis, Dimitris. “Euergetismos: Dedomena kai problimata” [Benefactions: Facts and problems]. In To fainomeno tou euergetismou sti neoteri Ellada [The phenomenon of benefactions in modern Greece], edited by Dimitris Arvanitakis, 13-29. Athens: Mouseio Benaki, 2006. Assouline, Pierre. Le dernier des Camondo. Paris: Gallimard, 1999. Attard, Lawrence E. “Cheap Fares.” http://www.maltamigration. com/history/valve/chapter2e.shtml. ---------. “Early Maltese Emigration.”
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Sources and Bibliography 271 ---------. The Safety Valve. Marsa, Malta: Publishers Enterprises Group, 1997. Bachke, Maren Elise, Frode Alines, and Mette Wik. “Eliciting Donor Preferences.” Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 25, no. 2 (April 2014): 465-86. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43654324. Baghdiantz McCabe, Ina, Gelina Harlaftis, and Ioanna PepelasisMinoglou. Introduction to Diaspora Entrepreneurial Networks. Four Centuries of History, edited by Ina Baghdiantz McCabe, Gelina Harlaftis, and Ioanna Pepelasis-Minoglou, xviii-xxii. New York: Berg, 2005. -------- , eds. Diaspora Entrepreneurial Networks. Four Centuries of History. New York: Berg, 2005. Balanos, Dimitrios S. “Dimitrios Vikelas (1835-1908).” Nea Estia 38 (1945): 433-98, 574-81. Barile, Nicola Lorenzo. “Renaissance Monti Di Pietà in Modern Scholarship: Themes, Studies, and Historiographic Trends.” Renaissance and Reformation/Renaissance Et Réforme 35, no. 3 (Summer 2012): 85-114. https://doi.org/10.33137/rr.v35i3.19524. Baster, A. S. J. The International Banks. London: P. S. King Son, 1935. Beaton, Roderick. An Introduction to Modern Greek Literature. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. Beaud, Michel. Histoire du capitalisme, 1500-2010. 6th ed. Paris: Seuil, 2010. [.History of capitalism] Beckert, Sven, and Seth Rockman, eds. Slavery’s Capitalism՛. A New History of American Economic Development. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016. Behling, Felix. “Spanning Divides: Legitimizing Employee Welfare in Historical Paternalism and Contemporary Corporate Social
Responsibility.” Paper presented at the 18th Annual Congress of the European Business History Association, Utrecht, 21-23 August, 2014. Beider, Alexander. Dictionary ofAshkenazic Given Names. Their Origins, Structure, Pronunciation, and Migrations. Bergenfteld, NJ: Avotaynu, 2001.
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Index I A abolition, 46, 47, 123, 131, 293 abolitionism, 47, 56, 273, 283, ЗОЇ Abyssinia, 48 Accra, 48, 55 Africa, 39, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 54, 157, 267, 278, 297, 301,302 African, 39, 40,46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 56, 69, 157, 264, 267, 270, 278, 279, 286, 287, 294, 301,305 African diaspora, 52, 53, 56, 287, 294, 305 African Holocaust, 40 African slaves, 39,40,46, 51 agent, 153, 226,228,229 Alamango, 192 Alberti, Martin, 239 Alexandria, xv, 54, 59, 75, 77, 104, 113, 136, 147, 152, 155, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165,166,195, 219, 238,284, 291, 295, 296, 300, 308 alias, xxiii, 91, 94, 145, 146, 235, 249 alterity, xvii, xxi, 7, 65 America, 39, 40,42, 43, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 103, 167, 171,197,203, 268, 273, 283 I American, xix, 1, 29, 39, 40, 46, 49, 51, 52, 59, 63, 90,108,224, 246,253, 256, 270, 271, 272, 278, 279, 283, 285, 288, 289, 293,294, 296, 305 Amsterdam, 17, 32, 186, 208, 227, 249, 250, 270, 274, 296 Ancona, 78 anonymous, x, 151, 189, 201,202, 208, 209, 210,216,219 Antwerp, 227, 249, 250 apprentice, 79, 224 Aquilina, Lorenzo, 150 Ardres, 43 aristocracy, 22, 31, 59, 63, 64, 108, 109, 248, 252, 274, 275 aristocratic bourgeoisie, 63, 287 Arta, 203 Ashkenazi, 223, 230 asset, xix, 106, 107, 223, 239, 262, 274 Association for the Propagation of Usefiil Books, 80, 134 Ataliotty, 152, 192 Athens, ix, xv, xviii, 2, 11, 12, 14, 20, 21, 32, 36, 47, 59, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 87, 88,90,92,94, 96, 111, 113,115, 116,
316 122, 127, 128, 131, 133, 134, 137, 138, 140, 141, 147, 148, 156, 160, 162, 163, 175, 182, 191,192, 196, 198,199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204,210, 211, 215, 218, 219, 240, 245, 264, 265, 269, 270, 275, 276, 277, 280, 282, 283, 286,287, 288, 290, 291, 292, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, ЗОЇ, 303, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309,310,311 Atlantic and Indian Oceans, 53 Austin, John, 172 Australia, 103, 171, 197, 312 Austrian, 58, 104, 228, 229, 230, 232, 233, 251,306,313 Austro-Ottoman Bank, 232 autobiographical accounts, xvi, xx, xxiv, 5, 27, 57, 221, 237, 244, 257, 258 autobiography, xxii, 51, 72, 85, 90, 111, 113, 119, 121, 128, 140, 155, 264, 297 autopoiesis, 102 Averoff, George, 200 Index Baring, 149, 153, 154,159,160,162, 164, 167, 179, 181, 182, 192,193, 201, 202, 203, 206, 207,216, 251,252 Basiliou, Alexander, 21, 83,157 Basiliou, Constantine, 119, 242 Basiliou, Demetrius, 121 Basiliou, Euphrosyne, 79 Basiliou, George, 134 Basiliou, Helen, 79 Basiliou, Michael, 79 Basiliou, Smaragda, 121 behavior, 7, 22, 24, 25, 57, 85, 89, 124, 133, 152, 185, 186, 187, 188,189,190, 200, 214,246, 281,305 Beirut, 91, 119 Belgium, 208, 250, 280 Bell, James, 148, 160 Bell, Scott, 152, 153 Benaki, 113, 136, 198, 204, 270, 275, 294, 308, 309 Benaki, Antonis, 113 Benaki, Emmanuel, 113, 136 B ~~l Benaki, Virginia, bom Choremi, 113, 136, 309 benefactions, xxiv, 146, 198, 203, 204, 205, Ballis, 63, 92, 245 219, 270, 275, 293, 308 Baltazzi, Aristidis, 226 bills of exchange, 32, 33, 34,246 bankers, vii, xxiv, 12, 15, 18, 19, 30, 31, 34, Bischoffsheim, Henry, 59, 237, 248, 250, 35, 36, 37, 59, 60, 63,
64, 91, 96, 98, 253, 256 108, 122, 132,165, 167, 181,201, 203, Bischoffsheim, Ludwig, alias Louis, 227, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 221, 222, 224, 249, 250 225, 226, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, Bischoffsheim, Raphaël, 227, 250 234, 236, 238,239,244, 246,247, 248, Bischoffsheims, xxiv, 222, 227, 249, 250, 249, 250, 251, 252, 254, 256, 258, 274, 252, 255, 258 277, 279, 282,284, 287, 294,300, 302, Black Sea, xv, 1, 2, 11, 21, 49, 50, 53, 74, 304 75, 99, 102, 222, 245, 283, 287, 291, 301 banking dynasties, 62, 63, 109, 223, 244, Black Sea and Levant Steam Navigation 252, 255, 295 Company, 245 bankruptcy, 21, 25, 26, 33, 81, 83, 90, 93, Bosnian and Herzegovinian Fugitives’ 99, 152, 157, 223 Orphan Relief Fund Association, 202 Banque Austro-Turque, 229, 232 Banque, Haute, 19, 167, 252, 301
Index bourgeois, xix, xxiii, xxv, 4, 23, 30, 67, 73, 84, 120,129,133,142,168,203, 211, 262 bourgeois ethos, 23, 67 bourgeoisie, 2, 12, 13, 20, 26, 29, 63, 73, 92, 106, 111, 115,121, 122, 133, 136, 158, 168, 169, 225, 278, 282, 287 bread, 172, 173, 174, 177, 195 Bright, John, 131 broker, x, xvi, 20, 149, 156, 157, 164, 168, 181, 189, 190,215, 220,245, 297 Brussels, 22, 249, 250, 283 BugejaFund, 197 Bugeja, Conservatorio Vincenzo, 206 Bugeja, Vincenzo, 197, 198, 206, 207, 209 business knowledge, xx, 5 business operations, xvii, xxv, 75, 222 business systems, xix i " c Cairo, 59, 139, 296 calling, 21, 27, 81,87, 141,216 Calvary, 43 Calvinism, 8, 87 Calvinists, 9 Calvocoressi, 166, 191 Camarones, 43 Camondo, Abraham Behor, 234, 236 Camondo, Abraham Salomon, 235 Camondo, Isaac, 226, 234, 235 Camondo, Nissim, 234, 235 Camondo, Salomon, 234, 235 Camondos, xxiv, 222, 234, 235, 236, 249, 254, 255, 289,304 Canada, 42, 43, 197 Canelly, Antonio, 152, 154, 155, 156, 159, 161, 163,165,166, 211, 212, 218, 219 capitalism, 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 18, 22, 23, 27, 29, 34, 35,36,40,47, 57, 62, 63, 67, 87, 89, 90,107,130,133,167,169,183, i 317 251,262, 271, 281, 282, 285, 286, 294, 295, 298, 299,311,312 capitalists, 27, 33, 67, 220, 240, 289 Capodistrias, 52, 91, 198, 199 Carathéodory, Constantine, 87 Cassel, Ernest, 251, 285, 308 Catholic, 11, 21, 27, 50, 54, 59, 150, 192, 213,272, 285, 298 Chabert, 238, 239 Chamber of Commerce, 147, 149, 196, 295 chance, 24, 26,28, 67, 114,116, 151, 159, 253, 274 charitable giving, xix, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189,190, 198, 199,211,305 charities, vii, xxiii, 135,
145, 146, 186, 188, 189, 190, 199, 201, 203, 205, 212, 214, 215 children, v, xi, 21, 23, 91,112, 113, 122, 126, 134, 150, 186, 188, 189, 200, 207, 208, 211, 213, 214, 219, 227, 241, 303, 308 Chios, 75, 103, 113, 128, 129, 162, 228 Chiot, 72, 75, 86, 87, 93,113,128, 157, 224, 264 Choremi, 113, 136, 309 Christian symbolism, 125 Christian, Alfred, 148, 160, 181 Christian, Ewan, 160 Christian, Samuel, 148 Christianity, 27, 34, 42, 44, 127, 203, 272 Christianization, 41, 50, 56 Christians, 30, 33, 34, 51, 52, 119, 133, 203, 216,248, 304 citizen, xxiii, 30, 126, 133,146, 170, 181, 182,183,217, 251 citizenship, 21, 126, 180, 182, 183, 184, 234, 262, 277, 282, 284,289, 303, 306 city, xxiv, 36, 63,96,112,119,147,157, 162,169,181, 189, 204, 206, 211, 212, 222, 227, 231, 232, 244, 246, 247, 251, 252,274, 276, 284, 285, 292, 295 civil wars, 3
318 Index civilization, xvii, 65, 78, 261, 272, 309, 313 class, 29, 63, 65, 73, 82, 109, 111, 117,118, 133, 144, 168, 170, 179, 184, 197, 203, 247, 248, 273, 282, 283, 295 Cobden, Richard, 131, 143 Codrington, Edward, 162, 199, 263 Codrington, Henry, 161, 162, 264 Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 4 colony, 195,213,286, 289 commerce, vii, xviii, xx, 1,2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,21,28, 29, ЗО, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 42, 43, 44,45, 48, 53, 56, 68, 71, 72, 74, 84, 98, 107, 135, 147, 149, 167, 169, 173, 193, 196, 223, 224, 225, 226, 246,259, 265, 266, 267, 283, 287, 292, 295, 307 commercial code, 13, 22, 265 commercial encyclopedia, xvii, 3, 5, 12, 13, 14, 16, 28, ЗО, 35, 39, 48, 56, 66, 70, 82, 85,154,265,305 commercial ordinance, 10, 38 commodities, 13, 39, 41, 42, 44, 55, 241, 295 communication, 17, 20, 88, 95, 97, 98, 100, 102, 110, 115, 124, 142, 183, 206, 207, 215,218,225, 307 communities, xv, xviii, xix, xxi, xxiv, xxv, 6, 8, 31, 41, 59, 64, 68, 69, 73, 75, 77, 90, 102,106,107,109,125, 135,142, 147, 151, 160,172, 179, 184,187, 188, 189, 190,191, 198, 205, 210,212, 216, 221, 222, 233, 242, 244, 261, 262, 277, 282, 291 companies, 4, 47, 74, 96, 99, 108, 166, 169, 228, 232, 245,269, 290 competitiveness, xvii, 2, 14, 18, 56, 60, 261 concept, xxi, 7,15, ЗО, 33, 53, 63, 83, 101, 113, 141, 184,258, 282, 305 conduct, xx, 2, 7, 14, 17, 18, 21, 23, 24, 28, 38, 63, 66, 67, 77, 85, 99, 139, 154, 203 conservatism, xxiii, 63, 73, 134, 141, 210 conservative acculturation, 243 conservatives, xx Constantine, Roman emperor, 27, 79, 80, 87, 94, 95,119, 127, 242,272,299
Constantinople, 12, 36, 92, 111, 161, 162, 176, 215, 216, 228, 229, 235,241,254, 282, 283, 289, 300, 306 continent, 62, 150, 160, 182, 218, 226 continuity, xviii, xxi, 6, 68, 70, 124, 141, 205, 287 coping strategies, 73, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125 Corfii, 78, 155, 160, 162, 164, 165, 192, 280 Com Laws, 131, 290 Coronios, Zorzis, alias Zannis, 235, 236 Corpi, 226 cosmopolitan, 1, iii, xv, 18, 47, 59, 118, 129,172, 183, 184, 262, 273, 296, 297, 304 cosmopolitanism, xxiii, 19, 59, 73, 115, 117, 118, 142, 180, 183, 184, 262,273, 284 credit, 32, 33, 36, 37, 45, 103, 152, 158, 159, 169, 230, 234, 236, 246, 249, 250, 258, 276, 296, 309 Crédit Mobilier, 230, 231, 273 Crimean War, 36, 102, 118, 119, 131, 156, 163, 175, 177, 194, 200, 224, 225, 226, 232, 235, 237, 238, 239, 240, 242, 245, 246, 253, 281 culture, xvii, xviii, xix, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, 7, 17, 20, 28, 29, 35, 46, 57, 72, 73, 76, 78, 85, 100, 101, 106, 107, 108, 118, 120, 121, 124, 139, 141, 142, 155, 166, 167, 179, 180, 183, 204, 217, 222, 223, 224,236, 244, 254, 257, 261, 262,272, 273, 274, 275, 279, 285, 287, 290, 295, 300, 307,310,311,312 currency, 171, 266 Cyprus, 161, 195, 268, 289, 313
319 Index I~ ' D’Anastasy, Giovanni, alias Ioannis Anastasiou, 147, 150, 152, 153, 154, 155, 160, 161,164, 168, 201, 206, 219, 300 d’Orléans, Henri, 109 Danube, 80,92,103,228, 231 Danubian Principalities, 92, 103, 176 Darvaris, Demetrius, 20, 21, 26, 304 de Hirsch, Baron, 232 death, xxiii, 41,43,44, 55, 73, 78, 93, 97, 111, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127, 138, 142, 150, 177, 185, 195,203, 209, 210, 217, 219, 224, 227, 235, 249, 250, 277, 279, 286 Deltas, Stephen G., 136 Denizen, 149, 182 devotion, 22, 67, 84, 86, 87, 107 diaspora, ix, xvi, xvii, xviii, xix, xxi, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, 2, 6, 11,12, 20, 23, 27, 31, 37, 40,49, 51, 52, 53, 56, 59, 64, 69,71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 96, 102, 103, 111, 116, 131, 132, 133, 140, 141, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 154, 155, 157, 160, 162, 163, 174, 178,181,183, 189,190,191, 196, 198, 201, 205, 215, 216, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 231, 240, 242, 243, 244, 248, 254, 262, 270, 271, 286, 287, 288, 289, 291, 292, 293, 294, 297, 300, 301, 304, 305, 308, 309, 310, 311 Dilberoglu, 166, 180,191 Dingli, Adrian, 151, 161, 167, 170, 195, 206 dishonor, 65 donors, 185, 186,187,188, 192, 198, 199, 201,308 Dutch, 10, 15, 43, 249, 250, 252, 301 duty, 8, 81, 82, 83, 89,113, 123,141, 172 E East, xv, xvii, xviii, xxii, xxv, 1, 3, 5, 49, 53, 56, 57, 60, 65, 72, 75, 98, 116, 155, 163,169,189, 203, 223, 232, 233, 234, 235, 237, 238, 248, 255, 256, 258, 261, 282, 284, 286, 304,313 East-West, xvii, xxv, 56 economic growth, xvii, xix, 10, 28, 137, 143, 262, 285 economic performance, xix, xxi, 7, 17, 28, 101, 106, 167, 262, 274 economy, xvii, xxii, xxiv,
xxv, 4, 6, 8, 11, 18,23, 27, 31, 32, 36, 37,40, 59, 67, 73, 74, 75, 84, 85, 95, 96,100, 101, 106, 131, 132, 133, 139, 143, 144, 148, 155, 161, 167, 169, 170, 173, 191, 194, 195, 203, 204, 208, 222, 225, 230, 233, 244, 252, 257, 261, 262, 265, 268, 273, 274, 278,285, 289, 296, 299, 301, 303 education, xxiii, 3, 11, 13, 17, 21, 22, 74, 78, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 106, 118, 119, 128, 134, 135, 136, 142, 143, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 158, 175, 186, 188, 189, 194, 198, 200, 203, 205, 207, 210, 211, 213, 215, 217, 220, 258, 272, 283, 284, 287,301,309,310,312 Egypt, 19, 54, 59, 87, 113, 136, 147, 159, 160,161,169, 197, 238, 239, 286, 291, 294, 295 Einstein, Albert, 87, 88 Eleni Tzani boys’ orphanage, 202 elite, 28, 29, 31, 47, 49, 50, 56, 63, 68, 87, 117,183, 224, 244, 247, 252, 254, 255, 258, 262 emigration, 52, 181, 185, 194, 195, 196, 197,216,217,218, 270 Emmanuel, Demetrius, 182 Emmanuel, Giovanni, 156, 157 employees, 20, 76, 84, 85, 88, 110, 112, 119 I
320 Index enclave communities, xix, xxv, 73, 102, 106, 107, 142, 262 enforced emigration, 52, 196 England, 4, 15, 29, 30, 46, 61, 62, 83, 93, 103, 110, 125, 152, 153, 168, 173, 176, 178, 227, 251, 265, 278, 298, 307 Enlightenment, 2, 4, 11, 15, 16, 20, 23, 47, 51, 52, 53, 55, 69, 118, 135, 136, 142, 154, 205,280, 284, 292, 307 enslaved nation, 51 entrepreneurial families, xxiv, 76, 222 entrepreneurship, xvi, xix, xxii, xxiii, 2, 7, 11, 64, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 85, 88, 98, 101, 147, 154, 191, 222, 223, 256, 272, 275, 288, 296, 300, 304 Equiano, Olaudah, 51, 264 Ermoupolis, 77, 91, 113, 115 Etaireia, Ethniki, 137 Etaireia, Philiki, 110, 111, 112, 128 ethics, xxi, 2, 7, 20, 26, 27, 33, 35, 36, 39, family business, 79, 82, 90, 93, 94, 141 family companies, 74 family history, xix, 73, 82, 91, 113, 136 family stories, xvii, xxi, 59, 127, 155, 296 family story, 110, 113, 114, 126 family structure, xix, 62, 89 firms, xix, 63, 76, 88, 89, 101, 102, 103, 152,153, 162, 167, 223, 225, 226, 261 first globalization, xxiv, 32, 39, 68, 95, 98, 99, 142, 221, 244, 252, 257, 262 Fiume, 78, 112 foreigner, 109, 180, 182, 185, 217, 251 France, xi, xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 30, 31, 32, 40, 42, 43, 45,46, 65, 67, 68, 109, 165, 167, 170, 178, 208, 230, 232, 236, 249, 251, 265, 267, 272, 273, 279, 281,289, 290, 295, 300, 306 Franco-Prussian War, 244, 253 Francs, 134, 226 Frankfort, x, 136, 226, 237, 249 free trade, 6, 18, 92, 130, 131, 143, 149, 173, 305 40, 45, 47, 48, 53, 56, 57, 68, 69, 70, 87, 299, 307, 312 Ethiopia, 54 Ethiopians, 54 ethos, xxv, 23, 26, 67, 89 Europe, vii, xv, xx,
xxiv, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 13, 14, 19, 21, 30, 31, 32, 38, 39, 46, 47, 55, 57, 61, 62, 65, 66, 70, 74, 75, 76, 77, 80, 84, 99, 106, 118, 121, 133, 143, 150, 160, 167, 169, 171, 182, 189, 192, 203, 208, 213, 221, 222,226, 230,234, 235, 237, 242, 244, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 257, 258, 261, 273, 274, 281, 282, 283, 287, 288, 292, 296, 302, 312, 313 exhibition, 60 external trade, 13, 28, 74 F faith, x, 8, 10, 17, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 49, 61, 65,67, 143, 233, 282, 283, 299 freelance deal, 239, 253 French Revolution, 3, 4, 5, 23, 29, 30, 31, 46, 47, 51, 52, 53, 56, 66, 68, 69, 74, 118, 136, 142, 281 Friendly Society (Philiki Etaireia), 110,111, 128 Frühling, 62 I Galata, 38, 78, 91, 135, 224, 231,235 Galata bankers, 38, 91, 224 Galatz, 79 gender, 65, 127, 208, 210, 214, 282, 309, 312 generativity, 188 Geneva, 63, 150, 152, 160, 249, 274 Gennadius, John, 139, 140, 277 gentlemen, 63, 284
321 Index Georgios and Aikaterini Hadjiconstas orphanage, 201 Geralopulo, Calliope, 79 Geralopulo, Constantine, 79 Germany, 92, 178, 227, 233, 237, 241, 249, 258 Glenelg, Lord, 172 global domination, xxi, 7, 313 globalization, xx, xxv, 2, 32, 39, 68, 95, 98, 99, 142, 221, 223, 244, 252, 257, 262, 287 God, 8, 16, 17,24, 26,27, 34, 35,44,48, 50, 56, 67, 69, 84, 127, 153, 158 Goldschmidt, 227, 249, 253 Goldschmidt, Hayum Benedict, 249 Goschen, 62 grain, 1, 80, 92, 93, 103, 147, 149, 172, 173, 175,246, 265, 305 Grain, 149, 173, 265, 305 Great Britain, 4, 45,47, 62, 160, 171, 196, 252, 268, 269,278 Great Idea (Megali Idea), 130, 131, 133, 135, 136,137, 306, 308 Greco-Ottomanism, 130 Greek and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, 37, 99, 108, 223, 245, 264 Greek Orthodox, xviii, 6, 21, 27, 30, 64, 68, 69, 77, 108, 122, 135, 146, 158, 180, 190, 191,193,198, 204, 206,207, 210, 212,213,215,217,218, 231,307 Greek Revolution, 2, 4, 21, 73, 78, 83, 90, 91,94, 110,113,122, 126, 128, 129, 142, 157,191, 241, 245, 280, 286, 287, 308 Greek schools of Salónica, 206, 207 Greek Traders’ Coalition of Istanbul, 13, 85 Greek War of Independence, 6, 73, 91, 92, 110, 111, 118, 130, 142,219 Greeks, xv, xviii, xix, 1, 2, 6, 13, 14, 16, ЗО, 36, 51, 52,53, 55, 58, 59, 61, 75, 76, 77, 84, 92, 96,109,115,126,130,131,133, 135, 137, 138, 139, 143, 144, 152, 153, 156,160,162, 176, 193, 196, 204, 205, 216, 220, 241, 242, 245, 246, 247, 248, 252,258, 282, 288, 289, 291, 292, 293, 296,299, 303, 305, 306 guidebooks, xvi, xx, 2, 5, 14, 66 Guinea, 42,43, 48, 55 Gurney, 99, 245, 246 н~ ՜ -ì Hadjiconstas orphanage,
201, 202, 203, 210, 211 Hadjiconstas, Georgios, 201 Haifa Technion University, 88 Halep, 13 Hamid, Abdul, 91 handbooks, xx, 2, 5, 8, 10 Haussmann, Baron, 226, 228, 230, 233, 275 Hermes the Profit Maker, 3, 5, 12, 16, 17, 21, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 35, 37, 48, 56, 66, 67, 70, 82, 85, 265 hierarchical structure, xxi, 6 hierarchy, xvi, 22, 25, 68, 76, 82, 89, 97, 102, 103, 105, 106, 142, 157, 163, 261 hierarchy of wealth, 103,105, 106, 163 Holocaust, 40 Holocaust of Enslavement, 40 Holy, 15, 16, 26, 35, 67, 119 Holy Providence, 15, 16, 26, 35, 67 home for retired patriarchate priests, 212, 216 home for the elderly,, 212, 216 homeland, 44, 51, 52, 54, 55, 69,116, 128, 196, 199,216, 301 honor, xi, 7, 19, 20, 25, 29, 31, 32, 33, 63, 68, 81, 89,105,135,158,225, 309 honorable, 12, 20,21,25, 26,28,29, 30, 32, 37,62, 68, 84 Hottinguer, 150, 159, 160, 167, 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 284 Huguenot, 19, 183
Index 322 humbleness, 23, 24, 25, 28, 67, 85 Hunter, Jameson, 148 —i identities, vii, x, xix, xxiii, 49, 52, 57, 65, 73, 121, 124, 125, 143, 145, 146, 147, 179, 189, 199, 201, 203, 217, 218, 261, 282, 297, 298 India, 13, 103, 104, 156, 162, 242, 296 information, iv, 3, 10, 38, 42, 49, 50, 51, 55, 67, 76, 88, 89, 90, 95, 122, 152, 153, 156, 161, 168,169, 182, 186,189, 195, 199, 200, 201, 202, 206, 207, 209, 211, 214,215,218,228, 268, 287 innovation, xxv, 3, 11, 224, 259, 284, 289 institutional framework, xxi, 7, 57, 68, 69, 225 institutionalization, 205, 206, 211, 214, 215 institutions, 9, 65, 95,132, 139, 144, 151, 170, 178, 184, 190, 203, 204, 206, 207, 211,212,213,215, 220, 268,283 interest, ix, xi, 9, 18, 33, 34, 38, 50, 57, 81, 89, 111, 119, 137, 153, 154, 165, 174, 176, 179, 185, 186, 187, 192, 193, 194, 200, 202, 205, 208, 214, 243, 247, 253, 256, 279, 284, 298, 303, 305, 313 intermarriage, 21, 76, 78, 157 intermediaries, 163 intermediary, 168,201 International Olympic Committee, xxii, 71, 80, 240, 297 Ioannina, 78, 116 Ionian, 74, 75, 160, 176, 180, 192 Ionides, 62 Islam, xv, 49, 50, 203, 284, 297 Israel, 52, 88, 216, 289 Israelite, 109, 223, 228, 229, 233, 234, 238, 239, 241 Istanbul, xvii, 5, 12, 13, 14, 36, 37,47, 49, 54, 58, 59, 66, 75, 78, 80, 85, 87, 91, 92, I 94, 99, 103, 110, 116,118, 119, 122, 124, 128, 132, 135, 154,155,156,157, 159, 160, 162, 163, 165, 178, 180, 212, 215,216, 224, 225, 226, 227,228, 231, 232,233, 234, 235, 236, 237,239, 240, 242, 243, 246, 247, 249, 253, 255, 258, 264, 282, 283, 285, 296, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306 Italian, xiv, xxiii, 10,
13,145, 146, 148, 150, 153, 157, 159, 162, 166, 171, 178, 181,192, 195, 208, 211, 212, 213, 219, 234, 235, 308,313 Italy, 29, 32, 74, 148, 165,192, 208, 227, 275, 309 Izmir, 13, 14, 51,75, 79, 88,104, 128, 129, 147, 162, 305 J II Japan, 162 Jews, xviii, xix, xxiv, 6, 19, 30, 32, 33, 34, 69, 106, 192, 196, 205, 216, 222, 223, 228, 230, 235, 243, 246, 247, 253, 274, 279,282, 284, 290, 292, 293, 296, 298, 302, 303, 304, 307, 309 joint-stock banks, 95 Judaism, 34 K Kaplanoglou, Ioannis, 91 Kaplanoglou, Tarso, 91 Karapano, 232 kingdom, 28, 131, 132, 135, 137, 139, 153, 175, 182, 197, 203, 253, 274, 306 kinship, 63, 76, 79, 89, 90, 126, 127, 157, 223,256, 295, 303,312 Kleinwort, 62 knowledge, ix, xvii, xx, xxiii, 2, 5, 11, 14, 15, 16, 21, 29, 43, 44, 56, 60, 65, 67, 70, 74, 100, 101, 106,117,119,134, 135, *
Index 136, 137, 143,148,159,166,181,195, 205, 210, 215, 220, 225, 226, 258, 272, 288 Königswärters, 249 L La Société Générale de ľ Empire Ottoman, 233, 240 Lafuente, 152, 154 language, x, xiii, xiv, 12, 51, 76, 77, 119, 132, 148, 153,160,178,180,181,193, 265,273, 289,310 Laras, Loukis, 72, 77, 80, 87, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132,240,264, 280, 301 Lascaridi, 99, 103, 245 Le Parfait Negociant, 3,9, 11, 15, 20,21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 41, 42, 43, 45, 154, 267 lenders, 21, 35, 83, 157 letters of introduction, 160, 161, 162 letters of recommendation, 160 Levant, vii, xx, xxiii, xxiv, 1, 5, 7, 21, 32, 36, 38, 57, 58, 62,66, 96, 99,103, 108, 145, 160, 168,169, 178, 182,221,222, 237, 242, 244, 245, 255, 276 Levantine, 1, 7, 18, 57, 58, 99, 108, 169, 226, 233, 236,245, 269 Lewis, George Comewall, 172, 176 liberals, xx Liverpool, 35, 103, 113, 136, 153, 165, 275 Livorno, 75, 121, 162,191, 243, 309 loan, 34, 132, 157, 158, 231, 234, 251, 253, 306 London, xviii, xix, 2, 4, 11, 19, 20, 23, 35, 36, 37, 41,45,46, 47, 49, 51, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 75, 79, 80, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99,103,104,105,106,107, 108, 115, 119,121,122,127, 128,129, 131, 134, 136, 138,140,148,150,152,153, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 323 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 181,182, 185, 191, 193, 194, 196, 199, * 201,202, 205, 207, 208, 216, 222, 226, 227,228, 230, 231, 232, 233, 237, 238, 240, 241, 242, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 257, 263,264, 265, 266, 267, 268,269, 270, 271, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279,
281, 282,283, 285, 286, 287, 288, 290, 291, 292,293, 294, 295, 296, 298, 300, 302, 303, 304, 307,311,312 long-distance, xvi, 1, 3, 11, 15, 18, 32, 43, 67, 75, 117, 293 Louis XIII, 40 Louis XIV, 3, 4, 9, 15, 29, 40, 290, 303 loyalties, xix, xxiii, 19, 146,184, 217, 218, 242, 261 luck, 12, 24, 156, 279 Lutheranism, 8, 87 Macedonia, 74, 138, 205, 212, 215, 277, 279, 291,311 Malta, x, xvi, xxiii, 20, 74, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156,157, 158,159,160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 189, 190, 191, 192,193,194,195,196, 197, 198,199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219,220, 266, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 277, 279, 289, 294, 297, 298, 300, 302, 303, 305, 308 Manchester, 103, 107, 108, 131,157, 158, 165, 230, 274, 279 manuals, 3, 6, 8, 10, 14, 19, 26, 56, 66, 67, 70
324 Index manumissions, 49, 54 market, xvi, 2, 3, 15, ЗО, 38, 54, 62, 68, 75, 96, 97, 99, 108, 220, 222, 225, 226, 231, 232, 233, 234,246, 256, 272,283, 295 Marseille, 11, 17, 18,21,30, 79, 83,91,92, 94, 103, 115, 158, 162, 307 Mavrocordato, Eleftherio, 59 Mavros, 21, 79, 83, 91, 93, 94, 121, 157, 242 Mavros, Stephanos, 79, 91 Mayence, 249 McCulloch, 11, 173, 193,265 Mediterranean, vii, x, xv, xxiii, xxiv, 1, 2, 8, 11, 21, 32, 37, 49, 57, 58, 59, 62, 72, 74, 75, 77, 99, 116, 145, 146, 147, 148, 154, 155, 157, 160, 169, 170, 171, 173, 189, 190, 191, 194, 195, 197,218,220, 221, 242, 252, 265, 269, 274, 276,278, 284, 287, 291, 292,297, 300, 307, 313 megalemporoi, xv, 13, 164 Megali Idea, 130, 131, 133, 135, 137, 306, 308 Mela, Helen, 119, 134 Mela, Smaragda, 78 Melas, Basil, 79, 86, 94, 95, 96, 243 Melas, George, 78, 90, 91, 92, 93, 110, 111 Melas, Leon, 78, 79, 91, 93, 94, 111, 119 memoirs, 32, 38, 59, 61, 85, 116, 128, 129, 222, 228, 235, 238, 245, 250, 253, 254, 263, 264 memory, xxiii, 53, 73, 77, 110, 120, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 132, 142, 294, 310 mentalities, xix, xxiii, 57, 58, 60, 65, 70, 73, 142, 262 mercantilism, xix, 6, 19, 290, 293, 307 mercantilist policy, 4, 9, 17, 46 merchandise, 35, 41, 42, 43 merchant banks, 62, 63, 248, 295 merchant families, vii, x, xviii, xxiv, 21, 62, 71, 76, 79, 82, 96, 103, 107, 109, 115, 116, 117, 125, 141, 142, 154, 157, 175, 191, 221, 223, 224,240, 242, 254,261, 297,313 merchant-entrepreneurs, vii, ix, xi, xv, xvi, xvii, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, xxv, 5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 18, 21,27,28, 30, 31,32, 34, 35, 36, 47, 52, 57, 64, 65, 66, 67,
68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 84, 92,98,100,101, 104, 106, 108, 111, 132, 141, 148, 162, 168, 169, 221, 222, 224, 225, 232, 237, 247, 261, 262, 284 Mesopotamia, 92 methods, iv, xxi, xxiii, 14, 36, 99, 100, 146, 166, 224, 232,246, 258 Metropolitan Bishop, 204, 215, 310 Micallef, Carmen, 150 Micrulachi, 155, 160 Middle Passage, 39, 43, 50, 278 migration, xviii, 63, 78, 86, 107,116, 117, 150, 161, 194, 217, 227, 248, 251, 270, 290,291,302,310,311 minorities, 34 mobility, xviii, xxii, xxiii, xxiv, 31, 72, 73, 107, 115, 116, 142, 146, 216, 217, 261 mobilized diaspora, 59 modernity, xvii, xxv, 4, 7, 17, 35, 57, 60, 65, 66, 70, 99, 103, 118, 142, 167, 261, 282, 285, 291, 298, 313 modernization, xvii, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, 2, 5, 7, 12, 13, 14, 36, 56, 58, 60, 65, 73, 74, 100, 115, 132, 149, 198, 206, 214, 215, 261,277, 299, 300, 308 moneylending, 8, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 68 Monte di Pietà, 192, 280, 299 moral community, 157 morality, vii, xx, xxi, 1, 5, 6, 8, 17, 19, 27, 32, 37, 45, 56, 57, 63, 66, 68, 70, 299 morals, xxi, 7, 17, 26, 39, 57, 58, 61, 65, 238 mortality rates, 50 Moscow, 91
325 Index mourning, xxiii, 73, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126,143 Muslims, 6, 16, ЗО, 51, 53, 55, 69, 92 Mykonos, 78 N Napoleonic Wars, 1, 4, 5, 74, 95, 148, 191 narratives, xxiv, 8, 21, 31, 36, 57, 64, 68, 69, 70,222, 238,257 National Bank of Greece, 132, 200, 201 National Finance Bank (Ethniki Chrimatistiriaki Trapeza), 199 National Papafeio Orphanage, 215 National Society (Ethniki Etaireia), 137, 138, 139 nationalism, 4, 9, 10, 18,19, 29, 30, 34, 65, 67, 92,129, 131, 133, 184, 273, 282, 285, 289, 290,293, 299,313 nationalist, 18, 127, 312 Navplio, 91 negotiation, xvii, xxv, 28, 57, 59, 65, 70 Negreponti, 92 networks, xvi, xviii, xix, xxi, xxiii, xxiv, 2, 18, 19, 21, 31, 36, 72, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 88, 89, 90, 92, 96, 97, 102, 108, 115, 116, 141, 142, 145, 146, 147, 151, 155, 157, 160,169,179,180, 183,188, 189, 190, 191, 194,196, 208, 210, 216, 218, 221, 222, 223, 242, 245, 248, 252, 257, 258, 259, 261,271, 276, 283, 287, 289, 300, 301,304,311 New Israel, 52 newcomers, 225, 237, 240, 244, 252, 255 nobility, x, xxii, 6, 8, 25, 28, 29, 31, 68, 72, 81,82, 83, 95, 141,227 noble, 28,29, 81 non-Muslims, 6, 16, ЗО, 69, 92 non-patriots, 19 Notaras, 92 o O’Ferrali, Richard More, 192 occident, xxi, 7, 8, 50, 57, 58, 70, 245, 252, 254, 258, 290 Occidental, 8, 56, 57, 65, 66 Odessa, 75, 78, 79, 91, 93, 103,112,121, 122,240 Oikonomou, Alexandras, 72 Oikonomou, Aristides К., 135 operations, xvi, xvii, xxi, xxiii, xxv, 33, 75, 96,103,138, 146,153,164,166, 222, 227,232 Oppenheim, Henry, 237, 241 Oppenheim, Hermann, 237, 238,239, 240, 242, 243, 256 Oppenheim, Simon, 237 opportunity,
xxii, ЗО, 72, 84, 88, 90, 99, 101, 119, 142, 160, 162, 167, 197,219, 231,232,247, 275, 304 Orient, xxi, 7, 8, 57, 58, 59, 61, 65, 70, 85, 119, 132, 143, 226, 232, 234, 245, 249, 254,257, 258, 290 Oriental, 8, 37, 49, 56, 57, 59, 60, 65, 66, 100, 108, 119, 178, 180, 223, 224, 245, 264 orphanage (orfelinat), x, 147, 150, 201,202, 203, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 219, 266,288, 295, 299 orphanages, 208, 212, 213, 303 orphans, 147, 150, 193, 195, 206, 208, 213, 272, 288, 303 other, iv, xv, xvi, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiv, xxv, 5, 6, 7, 8,12,16, 24,25, 29, 31, 36, 39,42, 43, 47, 53, 54, 56, 59, 60, 61, 63, 64, 66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 79, 81, 84, 85, 86, 89, 93, 94,99,100, 101, 102,104,105, 107, 108,109, 110, 112, 116,119, 120,122, 128, 129, 130, 141, 152, 153, 154, 155, 166,180,183,189,193,194, 203, 205, 207,211, 213, 214, 219, 222, 223, 225, Į
326 Index 229, 231, 232,234, 240, 243, 244, 248, 255, 258, 259,262, 268,310 Ottoman Empire, xxiv, 2, 6, ЗО, 36, 49, 53, 54, 65, 68, 69, 90, 92, 99, 115,119, 130, 133, 135, 169, 222, 224,225, 231,232, 235, 247, 251,254, 258, 282, 283, 299, 306, 313 Panas, Elias, 121 Panas, Zoe, 120 Papadopoulos, Nikolaos, 12, 13, 48, 82, 305 Papafis, Ioannis Nikolaou, xxiii, 145, 146, 310 Paparrigopoulos, Demetrius, 120, 122 Paparrigopoulos, Tarsia, 127 Pappaffy Fund, 194, 195, 196, 197, 219 Pappafiy, Giovanni di Niccolò, alias Ioannis Nikolaou Papafis, vii, x, xvi, xxiii, 145, 146, 150, 171, 173, 181, 185, 198, 297, 310 Pappafiy, Vicenza Rosa, bom Aquilina, 150 Paribas, 250 Paris, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 35, 40, 75, 80, 92, 128, 132, 150, 158, 159, 164, 167, 170, 202, 203, 206, 208, 209, 212, 227, 228, 230, 231, 235,236,237, 239, 243, 244, 249, 250, 253, 254, 255, 264, 265, 266, 267, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 278, 280, 284, 286, 289,295, 296, 301, 304, 306 partner, 79, 92, 94, 99, 105, 108, 113, 136, 148, 160, 166, 224, 236, 237, 245, 257 Pasha of Egypt, 159 Pasha, Ibrahim, 161 Pasha, Sadik, 240 passport, 149, 163, 182, 183 paternalism, 88, 89, 155, 269, 271, 297, 302,312 paternalistic and power relations, xxii, 72 paternalistic enclave, 107 patriarch, 83, 112, 212, 215,277, 279 Patriarch Joachim III, 215 patriotism, 18, 116, 129, 138 patronage, 89, 155, 190, 269 pawn, 33 peace, xxiii, 8, 15, 27, 74, 130, 131, 136, 137, 139, 140, 143, 146,175,177,178, 194, 242, 272 perception, xvii, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiv, 5, 6, 7, 22, 33, 35, 39, 52, 56, 57, 58, 59, 67, 68, 69, 70,71,73, 84, 101,114, 115, 120,
122, 134, 141, 142, 175, 181, 182, 189, 190, 217, 222, 232, 243, 247, 257, 258, 261, 262, 289 Perette, 230, 231,279 Perette, Isaac, 230, 231, 279 Petrocochino, 63, 87, 148, 150, 157, 158, 162, 164, 166, 180, 182, 191 Petrocochino, Alexander, 148, 157, 158, 162, 166, 180 Petrocochino, Eustratio, 158, 182 Peuchet, Jacques, 13 Phanar, 114 philanthropist, 146, 197, 205, 206 philanthropy, xix, 41, 186, 187, 189, 190, 192, 198, 270 Piijantz, Antoine, 58 politics, xviii, xxiii, 4, 6, 9, 21, 35, 46, 73, 74, 78, 87, 94, 120, 131, 133, 139, 140, 141, 144, 146, 157, 170, 184, 195, 205, 217, 230, 268, 278, 282, 284, 285, 289, 290, 299, ЗОЇ, 303, 306, 310, 311, 313 poor, 33, 42, 44, 91, 114, 123, 150, 173, 186, 189,192, 193, 195, 205,208, 212, 213, 214, 242, 247, 280, 302, 303, 312 Portugal, 147,227 Postlethwayt, 45, 46, 267 power, xvi, xvii, xx, xxi, xxii, xxiii, 3, 6, 8, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 39,46,57, 63, 65, 68, 69, 72, 74, 76, 82, 87, 88,97, 124, 127, 134, 135, 136, 137, 141, 155, 157, 167, 168, 170, 179, 183, 208, 223, 244, 248,
327 Index 250, 252, 253, 255, 261, 272, 275, 287, 312 power relations, xxii, 72, 88, 253, 255 prejudice, xxiv, 58,119, 222 profit, xviii, 3, 5, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21,23, 24, 25,26, 28, ЗО, 31, 35, 37, 39, 41, 42, 45, 47,48, 53, 55, 56, 57, 67, 69, 70, 82, 84, 85, 88, 98, 101, 135, 187, 216, 226, 239, 243, 254, 256, 265, 293 progress, xvii, xx, xxii, xxiii, xxv, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17, 23, 30, 36, 60, 61,65, 67, 73, 74, 84, 85, 95, 100, 101, 114, 132, 136, 142, 143, 144, 146, 174, 195,211,212, 222, 224, 225, 261, 272, 294 progressives/liberals, xx prosocial behavior, 185, 186, 189, 214, 305 prosperity, xxiii, 14, 15, 16, 20, 21, 24, 25, ЗО, 46, 69, 72, 74, 83, 90, 101, 103, 106, 112, 128, 129, 131, 132, 134, 136, 137, 139, 141, 143, 151, 159, 181, 194 Protestantism, 27, 87,282 Protestants, 6, 30, 69, 192, 302 Proti, 212, 216 Providence, 15, 16, 26, 27, 35, 67 railway, 231, 233 Ralli Bros, 20, 61, 62, 103, 105, 108, 139, 148, 156, 162, 163, 191,311 Ralli, Ambrosio, 165 Ralli, Augustus, 138, 191 Ralli, Pandia, 103, 108 Ralli, Stephen, 20, 104, 105, 108, 156, 157 Ralli, Strati, 161, 163 Ralli, Tomaži, 159, 162, 163, 165 Raphaels, 249 reforms, 5, 38, 92, 131, 133, 179, 213, 235 regulation, 10, 33,37, 39,246 religion, xviii, 6, 8, 9,17, 24,27,28,41, 76, 79, 89,104, 106, 124,136, 207, 223, 275.285, 306,311 reputation, 7, 19, 20, 21, 26, 29, 57, 67, 83, 84, 85, 108, 124, 156, 157, 167, 169, 187,188, 225, 258, 281 residence, xviii, 109, 181, 185, 190, 216, 220, 262 resources, 20, 88, 89, 96, 117, 155, 183 revolution, xxi, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11,21,23, 29, 30, 31, 40, 46, 47, 51, 52,
53, 56, 66, 68, 69, 70, 73, 74, 78, 83, 84, 90, 92, 94, 95, 102, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 118, 122, 123, 125, 127, 128, 129, 133, 136, 140, 142, 157, 191, 204, 241, 245, 269, 280.281.285, 286, 287, 288,292, 299, 301,304, 308 Revolution of 1789, xxi, 4 rivalry, xxiv, 107, 178, 222, 226, 232, 242, 257 Rodet, 43 Rodocanachi, 62, 92 Rothschild, 166, 230, 235, 250, 251, 252, 281 Rowlett, 158 rupture, xxi, 5, 23 Russia, xv, 1, 2, 80, 93, 103, 118, 119, 162, 169, 175, 176, 178, 242, 251,291 ՜5 Salónica, xi, xviii, xxiii, 13, 78,138, 145, 146, 147, 150, 151, 154, 175, 189, 190, 198, 200, 204, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 217, 219, 220, 266, 276, 277, 279, 281, 283, 285, 287, 288, 291, 294, 295, 298, 299, 301, 306, 307,310,311,312 Saivago, 157, 158, 159, 160, 165, 166 Saivago, Michele, 158, 165,166 I
328 Index Saivago, Pantaleone, 157, 158, 159, 160, 165 Sassoon, 62, 242 Savary, Jacques, xvi, 4, 9, 11, 13, ЗО, 42, 272, 288 Scambaly, 159 Scanavi, Maria, bom Paparrigopoulos, 122, 123, 228 Scanavi, Nikolaos, 122 Schilizzi, 63, 226, 232 schools, 2, 11, 23, 135, 154, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209,210,211,214 Scouloudis, 254 Sechiari, 62 secret society, 110, 111, 114, 134, 137, 138, 139, 143 secular, 7, 15, 16, 27, 68, 121, 186 self, xv, xix, xxi, xxii, xxiii, 7, 8, 18, 33, 37, 39, 41, 48, 51, 52, 56, 57, 59, 60, 63, 64, 66, 69, 70, 72, 76, 85, 87, 88, 102, 103, 106, 107, ПО, 124, 125, 130, 142, 146, 159, 160, 181, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 200, 213, 214, 225, 242, 243, 258, 262, 279, 289, 305, 309, 310 SelimlII, 13 Senegal, 42, 43 Sephardic, 19, 183, 223, 230, 235, 242, 243, 279, 309 Sevastopoulo, 79, 191 shipping, xvi, 1, 2, 3, 62, 72, 75, 76, 77, 79, 90, 96, 97,102,103,108,147,154,165, 169, 177, 191, 196, 222, 225, 230, 245, 268, 286, 287, 305, 308 Sina, 201, 219,231 slave trade, 8, 39,40,41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 68, 69, 279, 281, 282, 283, 290,293, 295, 296, 298, 301, 302 slavery, 40, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 68, 70, 268, 271, 274, 281, 293, 297, 300, 312 slaves, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,46,47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 127, 278, 283, 300 social identity, 185, 187 Spain, 4, 155, 227, 235 Spartali, 103 specialization, xviii, 22, 67, 292 speculation, 37, 38, 98, 99, 166, 168, 225, 232, 276 speculative deal, 239, 253 speculators, 33, 64, 279 state, xviii, xxi, xxii, 3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 18, 28, 29, 31, 33, 36, 37, 38, 49,
52, 53, 61, 65, 67, 68, 69, 72, 76, 84, 88, 90, 96, 98, 115, 116, 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, 137, 138, 139, 141, 143, 149, 153, 170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 178, 180, 181, 182, 184, 190, 195, 198, 199, 203, 204, 205, 209, 210, 220, 224, 225, 231, 234, 235, 251, 258, 261, 262, 268, 269, 275, 276, 283, 286, 291, 296, 300, 302, 303, 308, 313 Stavrou, George, 201 stereotypes, xxiv, 32, 49, 56, 58, 59, 106, 119,222, 228, 233, 257 Stem, David, 227 Stem, Hermann, 227 Stem, Jacob Samuel Hayum, 226 Stems, 226, 250, 252, 258 success, xvi, xxi, 2, 7, 17, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 35, 57, 60, 61, 64, 66, 67, 77, 79, 83, 84, 85, 87, 90, 97, 100, 101, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 111, 114, 130, 134, 141, 142, 151, 159, 168, 169, 189, 222, 223, 225.229, 231, 244, 251, 254, 302 Sudan, 197 Switzerland, 165, 219 symbolic dress, 124 Syngros, 32, 38, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 85, 87, 95, 98, 99, 102, 119,132,160,163, 166, 167,198, 222, 224,225, 226, 227, 228, 229.230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236,237, 238, 239, 240, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247,
329 Index 248, 249, 250,251, 252,253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 264, 276 Syros, 78,91, 94,113,114,115,116,117, 128, 129, 291 system, iv, xxii, xxiv, 13, 39, 41, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 69, 72, 73,90, 93, 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 110, 141, 142, 148, 151, 184, 194, 196, 246,252, 257 Taganrog, 75, 79, 91, 92, 94 Tamvaco, 63, 155,160 Tanzimat, 6, 131, 133, 299 Technical University, 200, 219, 290 testaments, 150, 154, 209 The Perfect Merchant, 4, 9, 10, 19, 21, 56, 57, 66, 67 Theagenes hospital (Theageneio), 204, 207 theism, 8, 27, 68 theocratic, 7, 15,16, 17, 67, 68 theocratic concept, 7,15 Thessaly, 203, 212 trade books, xx, 5, 66, 70, 265 trading families, xxii, 71, 76, 92 tradition, xxiii, 11, 17, 31, 38, 61, 65, 73, 78, 81, 82, 87, 88, 89, 97, 118,119, 141, 142, 143,154,155,167, 205, 208, 210, 219, 238, 282,292, 309 traditionalism, 82 traditionalists/conservatives, xx, 99 traditions, xxii, 8, 28, 34, 39, 66, 70, 72, 73, 81,82, 116, 141,261 Treasury, 29, 36, 171, 202, 210, 224, 232, 234, 246, 258 Trieste, 128, 177 Trikoupis, Charilaos, 132, 182, 251 trust, 23, 24, 26, 27, 62, 64, 76, 84, 89, 100, 107,125,157,169,180, 211, 225, 255 Tubini, 226 Turkey, 65, 135, 136, 178, 182, 229, 247, 248,282 i u -֊I Ullmann, Otto, 226 unethical, 7, 32, 37, 45, 48, 57, 68, 69, 228, 246 unethical conduct, 7 Universita dei Grani, 149 Università of Valletta, 149 University of Athens, 87, 88, 94, 148, 199, 200,219,311 usurers, 32, 38 usury, 32, 33, 35, 38, 68 v Vagliano, 63 Valsamachy, 191 Véroia, 78, 116, 277 Vienna, 13, 26, 201, 228, 229, 231, 232, 233,242, 265, 283,313 Vikelas, Demetrius, vii, x, xxii,
21, 71, 72, 77, 79, 80, 84, 93, 94,110, 113, 116, 117, 128, 130, 131, 141, 163,222, 240, 242, 277, 280, 297, 308 Vikelas, Emmanuel, 78, 90, 92 Vlasto, 92, 232, 254 w war, 1,3,6, 15, 36, 63,73,91,92, 102, 110, 111, 115, 118, 119, 123, 125, 127, 130, 131, 132, 137, 142, 143, 156, 163, 172, 175, 176, 177, 194, 195, 200, 203, 219, 224, 225, 226, 230, 232, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 242, 244, 245, 246, 252, 253, 281,283, 293, 308,313 il
330 Index wealth, xvi, xvii, 6, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 20, 26, 27, 30, 31, 34,45,46, 69, 81, 83, 86, 88, 94, 95, 97, 102,103,104,105, 106,113, 114, 129, 134, 141, 142, 156, 163, 173, 187, 190, 191, 194,235,238, 239,241, 243,248, 251,252, 275, 281 welfare, 57, 83, 89, 129, 136, 144, 150, 179, 182, 187, 190,193, 205,210,211,213, 214,219, 271,279 West, xvii, xxii, xxv, 1, 3, 5, 11, 49, 50, 51, 54, 56, 57, 60, 65, 72, 75, 96, 98, 103, 116, 157, 163,169,203, 222,223, 233, 237, 238, 255, 256, 258, 261, 282, 284, 313 West Indies, 50, 51,54 wholesale, 12, 28 wholesaler, 28 will, xxiii, xxv, 7, 13, 16, 17, 36, 44, 54, 58, 59, 62, 67, 70, 74, 81, 83, 104, 120, 125, 134, 135, 139, 150, 153, 154, 158, 160, 161, 162, 166, 168, 174, 178, 197, 200, 202, 210, 212, 220, 222, 223, 298 Windecken, Oberhessen, 237 women, 78, 112, 120, 126, 224 world economy, xvii, xxiv, 74, 96, 221, 244, 257,261,262 worldview, 1, iii, vii, xvii, xx, xxi, xxiii, xxv, 6, 7, 15, 17, 18, 40, 52, 57, 63, 68, 71,74, 116, 120, 136, 146, 189, 221,262 Xenos, 37, 58, 60, 99, 100, 108, 140, 168, 222, 223, 244, 245, 246, 247, 257, 264, 286,290 Zafiropoulo, Demetrius, 92 Zarifi, 63, 91, 132, 135, 226, 228, 229, 232 Zarifi, Ioannis alias Çelebi Yangos, 91 Zifos, Lõukas, 128 Zographos, Christaki Effendi, 226 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek' V München I . |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Mutaphidu, Ariadnē |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1158721315 |
| author_facet | Mutaphidu, Ariadnē |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Mutaphidu, Ariadnē |
| author_variant | a m am |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047689514 |
| contents | Commerce, the merchant, and morality in seventeenth century Europe and in the nineteenth century Levant -- World and worldview of Greek merchant families : the testimony of Demetrius Vikelas -- The Mediterranean merchant : identities and charities of Giovanni di Niccolo Pappaffy -- Greek merchant-entrepreneurs and Jewish bankers in nineteenth century Europe and the Levant : connections, cooperation and perceptions |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1241728825 (DE-599)BVBBV047689514 |
| era | Geschichte 1800-1900 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1800-1900 |
| format | Book |
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Drawing on a wide range and variety of research Moutafidou examines entrepreneurial networks formed across geographic boundaries in land and sea relating cultures, ideology and mentalities with economic practice and business performance. The author investigates cases of distinguished personalities and prominent Greek merchant-entrepreneurs and shipowners shedding light on their activities and ideas, and on how they appraised their business and their competitors. </subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Vikelas, the first President of the International Olympic Committee, along with the Melas, Mavros and Basileiou families, Malta-based broker Pappaffy, an influential businessman of the British and Mediterranean economic world and a celebrated philanthropist, the Rallis, Petrocochinos and Salvagos, Syngros and the Zarifis, are only few of the many captivating figures appearing in the book. Moutafidou thoroughly looks into sources such as memoirs, literature, archives, commercial trade books, the press as well as family records and references made by rival businessmen. She compares various historical times, regions and ethnic groups, and draws useful parallels and/or differences with the Greek case. </subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">In the process, she investigates the relations between distinct, ethnic mercantile communities, using the Greek case in particular and the paradigm of leading Jewish merchant-bankers West and East, such as the Bischoffsheims, Oppenheims, or Camondos, and exploring the themes of internationalization, competition and cooperation, risk and innovation. Her method allows her to enrich our knowledge about early globalization, about the importance of liberalism, and the operation of capitalist activity. An original book, unique in its field. 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| id | DE-604.BV047689514 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:57:03Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:19:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781536191875 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033073529 |
| oclc_num | 1241728825 |
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| owner | DE-12 |
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| physical | xxv, 330 Seiten 23 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220407 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Nova Science Publishers |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Political science and history |
| spelling | Mutaphidu, Ariadnē Verfasser (DE-588)1158721315 aut The cosmopolitan businessman world and worldview of Greek merchant-entrepreneurs Ariadni Moutafidou New York Nova Science Publishers [2021] © 2021 xxv, 330 Seiten 23 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Political science and history Commerce, the merchant, and morality in seventeenth century Europe and in the nineteenth century Levant -- World and worldview of Greek merchant families : the testimony of Demetrius Vikelas -- The Mediterranean merchant : identities and charities of Giovanni di Niccolo Pappaffy -- Greek merchant-entrepreneurs and Jewish bankers in nineteenth century Europe and the Levant : connections, cooperation and perceptions "Ariadni Moutafidou, a well-known historian who wrote extensively about the history of Greece in modern times, focuses in her newest book, The Cosmopolitan Businessman, on the nineteenth century history of the Greek mercantile diaspora in its time of prominence. Drawing on a wide range and variety of research Moutafidou examines entrepreneurial networks formed across geographic boundaries in land and sea relating cultures, ideology and mentalities with economic practice and business performance. The author investigates cases of distinguished personalities and prominent Greek merchant-entrepreneurs and shipowners shedding light on their activities and ideas, and on how they appraised their business and their competitors. Vikelas, the first President of the International Olympic Committee, along with the Melas, Mavros and Basileiou families, Malta-based broker Pappaffy, an influential businessman of the British and Mediterranean economic world and a celebrated philanthropist, the Rallis, Petrocochinos and Salvagos, Syngros and the Zarifis, are only few of the many captivating figures appearing in the book. Moutafidou thoroughly looks into sources such as memoirs, literature, archives, commercial trade books, the press as well as family records and references made by rival businessmen. She compares various historical times, regions and ethnic groups, and draws useful parallels and/or differences with the Greek case. In the process, she investigates the relations between distinct, ethnic mercantile communities, using the Greek case in particular and the paradigm of leading Jewish merchant-bankers West and East, such as the Bischoffsheims, Oppenheims, or Camondos, and exploring the themes of internationalization, competition and cooperation, risk and innovation. Her method allows her to enrich our knowledge about early globalization, about the importance of liberalism, and the operation of capitalist activity. An original book, unique in its field. Historians, their students, and an interested public as well, will greatly appreciate this significant contribution to the study of economic, social and cultural history of the Greek mercantile diaspora, Europe and the Mediterranean world"-- Geschichte 1800-1900 gnd rswk-swf Kaufmann (DE-588)4128272-3 gnd rswk-swf Griechen (DE-588)4022046-1 gnd rswk-swf Unternehmer (DE-588)4061949-7 gnd rswk-swf Greece / History / 19th century Shipowners / Greece / History / 19th century Entrepreneurship / Greece / History / 19th century Greeks / Foreign countries / History / 19th century Greeks / Commerce / 19th century Greece / Emigration and immigration Emigration and immigration Entrepreneurship Greeks / Foreign countries Merchants Shipowners Greece 1800-1899 History Unternehmer (DE-588)4061949-7 s Kaufmann (DE-588)4128272-3 s Griechen (DE-588)4022046-1 s Geschichte 1800-1900 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 9781536192216 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033073529&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033073529&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033073529&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Mutaphidu, Ariadnē The cosmopolitan businessman world and worldview of Greek merchant-entrepreneurs Commerce, the merchant, and morality in seventeenth century Europe and in the nineteenth century Levant -- World and worldview of Greek merchant families : the testimony of Demetrius Vikelas -- The Mediterranean merchant : identities and charities of Giovanni di Niccolo Pappaffy -- Greek merchant-entrepreneurs and Jewish bankers in nineteenth century Europe and the Levant : connections, cooperation and perceptions Kaufmann (DE-588)4128272-3 gnd Griechen (DE-588)4022046-1 gnd Unternehmer (DE-588)4061949-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4128272-3 (DE-588)4022046-1 (DE-588)4061949-7 |
| title | The cosmopolitan businessman world and worldview of Greek merchant-entrepreneurs |
| title_auth | The cosmopolitan businessman world and worldview of Greek merchant-entrepreneurs |
| title_exact_search | The cosmopolitan businessman world and worldview of Greek merchant-entrepreneurs |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The cosmopolitan businessman world and worldview of Greek merchant-entrepreneurs |
| title_full | The cosmopolitan businessman world and worldview of Greek merchant-entrepreneurs Ariadni Moutafidou |
| title_fullStr | The cosmopolitan businessman world and worldview of Greek merchant-entrepreneurs Ariadni Moutafidou |
| title_full_unstemmed | The cosmopolitan businessman world and worldview of Greek merchant-entrepreneurs Ariadni Moutafidou |
| title_short | The cosmopolitan businessman |
| title_sort | the cosmopolitan businessman world and worldview of greek merchant entrepreneurs |
| title_sub | world and worldview of Greek merchant-entrepreneurs |
| topic | Kaufmann (DE-588)4128272-3 gnd Griechen (DE-588)4022046-1 gnd Unternehmer (DE-588)4061949-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kaufmann Griechen Unternehmer |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033073529&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033073529&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033073529&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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