Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Law: A Study on Human-Machine Interactions in Ethically and Legally Sensitive Domains
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Baden-Baden
Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft
2020
|
| Ausgabe: | 1st ed |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | DE-2070s |
| Beschreibung: | Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources |
| Beschreibung: | 1 online resource (306 pages) |
| ISBN: | 9783748909538 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Cover -- Chapter I Introduction -- 1. A (Brief) History of the Debate on Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 1.1. "Taking the Human Out of the Loop": The Issue of "Autonomy" in the Military Research and Policy Documents of the US Department of Defense -- 1.2. Questioning the "Dehumanization" of Warfare: From the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots to the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 2. What Counts as "Autonomy" in Weapons Systems? The Case for a Functional Approach -- 2.1. An Overview of Existing and Foreseeable Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 2.2. Normative Implications of a Functional Approach to Autonomy in Weapons Systems -- 3. Mapping the Ethical and Legal Debate on Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 4. Research Goals and Structure of the Book -- 4.1. Disclaimer: What this Book is not About -- Chapter II A Legality "Test" for Autonomous Weapons Systems. The (In)compatibility of Autonomous Targeting with International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Setting Up the "Parameters" of the Test -- 2.1. The Law of Targeting -- 2.2. The Right to Life under International Human Rights Law -- 3. The First Prong of the Test: Distinction -- 3.1. The Principle of Distinction under International Humanitarian Law -- 3.1.1. The Definition of Civilians and the Problem of Direct Participation in Hostilities -- 3.1.2. The Definition of Military Objectives and the Problem of Dual-Use Objects -- 3.1.3. Other Protected Persons and Objects under International Humanitarian Law -- 3.2. Issues of Distinction under International Human Rights Law -- 3.3. Distinction and Autonomous Weapons Systems: The Problem of Situation Awareness -- 3.3.1. Perception of the Elements in the Environment -- 3.3.2. Comprehension of the Current Situation and Projection of Future Status | |
| 505 | 8 | |a 3.3.3. Critique of the Arguments Denying Legal Relevance to AWS' (Lack of) Situation Awareness -- 3.4. Summary of the Discussion -- 4. The Second Prong of the Test: Proportionality -- 4.1. The Principle of Proportionality under International Humanitarian Law -- 4.1.1. Collateral damage -- 4.1.2. Military Advantage -- 4.1.3. Excessiveness -- 4.2. Issues of Proportionality under International Human Rights Law -- 4.3. Autonomous Weapons Systems, Proportionality, and Balancing: Lost in Translation? -- 4.4. Summary of the Discussion -- 5. The Third Prong of the Test: Precaution -- 5.1. The Principle of Precaution under International Humanitarian Law -- 5.2. The Requirement of Precaution and the Right to Life under International Human Rights Law -- 5.3. The Implications of the Obligation to Take Precautionary Measures for the Human-Weapon Relationship -- 5.4. Summary of the Discussion -- 6. Conclusions: Has Autonomy in Weapons Systems "Passed the Test"? -- Chapter III The "Accountability Gap" Problem. Who is to Blame for Autonomous Weapons Systems' Misdoings? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structural Problems with Responsibility Ascription for AWS' Misdoings -- 2.1. The Unpredictability of Autonomous Machines -- 2.2. The "Many Hands" Problem -- 3. Individual Criminal Responsibility -- 3.1. Direct Responsibility -- 3.1.1. The Participation to the Crime by Software Developers -- 3.1.2. The "Many Hands" Problem and Joint Criminal Enterprise -- 3.1.3. Limited Predictability of AWS and the Role of Dolus Eeventualis -- 3.2. Superior Responsibility -- 4. State Responsibility -- 5. Corporate Responsibility -- 5.1. Tort Liability for International Crimes -- 5.2. Product Liability -- 5.3. No-Fault Liability -- 6. Conclusions: The Inevitability of Accountability Gaps and Its Implications for the Legality of Autonomous Weapons Systems | |
| 505 | 8 | |a Chapter IV Challenging Autonomous Weapons Systems as a Malum in Se AWS, Human Dignity and the Martens Clause between Ethics and Law -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Entering Ethical Concerns in the International Legal Discourse: A Précis on Human Dignity and the Martens Clause -- 2.1. Human Dignity -- 2.2. The Martens Clause -- 2.3. Wrap-up of the Discussion -- 3. The Ethical Arguments against Autonomy in Weapons Systems -- 3.1. Autonomy in Weapons Systems as a Breach of the Human Dignity (and Humanity) of Targeted People -- 3.2. Autonomy in Weapons Systems and the "Human Agency Removal" Problem -- 4. The Preservation of Human Agency in Targeting Decisions as a "Dictate of Public Conscience" -- 4.1. Investigating the "Dictates of Public Conscience" on the Issue of Human Agency and Lethal Decision-Making: a) States -- 4.2. b) International Organizations -- 4.3. c) Global Civil Society and Private Sector -- 4.4. d) Documents on AI not Directly Addressing the Issue of Autonomy in Weapons Systems -- 5. Conclusions -- Chapter V A Normative Model of Meaningful Human Control over Weapons Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Human Control vs. Weapon Autonomy: Striking a Balance between Humanitarian and Military Considerations -- 3. The Debate on Meaningful Human Control (MHC) over Weapons Systems: A Sketch -- 3.1. The Quality of Human Involvement -- 3.2. Shared Control Policies -- 4. Shaping the Content of a Normative Model of Meaningful Human Control -- 4.1. Primary Obligations: Control Privileges -- 4.2. Ancillary Obligations: Training and Design -- 5. The Way Forward: What Legal Regime for Meaningful Human Control? -- 5.1. An Overview of the Regulative Options in the AWS Debate -- 5.2. Possible Elements of a Future Protocol/Treaty on Meaningful Human Control -- Epilogue -- Bibliography | |
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| contents | Cover -- Chapter I Introduction -- 1. A (Brief) History of the Debate on Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 1.1. "Taking the Human Out of the Loop": The Issue of "Autonomy" in the Military Research and Policy Documents of the US Department of Defense -- 1.2. Questioning the "Dehumanization" of Warfare: From the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots to the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 2. What Counts as "Autonomy" in Weapons Systems? The Case for a Functional Approach -- 2.1. An Overview of Existing and Foreseeable Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 2.2. Normative Implications of a Functional Approach to Autonomy in Weapons Systems -- 3. Mapping the Ethical and Legal Debate on Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 4. Research Goals and Structure of the Book -- 4.1. Disclaimer: What this Book is not About -- Chapter II A Legality "Test" for Autonomous Weapons Systems. The (In)compatibility of Autonomous Targeting with International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Setting Up the "Parameters" of the Test -- 2.1. The Law of Targeting -- 2.2. The Right to Life under International Human Rights Law -- 3. The First Prong of the Test: Distinction -- 3.1. The Principle of Distinction under International Humanitarian Law -- 3.1.1. The Definition of Civilians and the Problem of Direct Participation in Hostilities -- 3.1.2. The Definition of Military Objectives and the Problem of Dual-Use Objects -- 3.1.3. Other Protected Persons and Objects under International Humanitarian Law -- 3.2. Issues of Distinction under International Human Rights Law -- 3.3. Distinction and Autonomous Weapons Systems: The Problem of Situation Awareness -- 3.3.1. Perception of the Elements in the Environment -- 3.3.2. Comprehension of the Current Situation and Projection of Future Status 3.3.3. Critique of the Arguments Denying Legal Relevance to AWS' (Lack of) Situation Awareness -- 3.4. Summary of the Discussion -- 4. The Second Prong of the Test: Proportionality -- 4.1. The Principle of Proportionality under International Humanitarian Law -- 4.1.1. Collateral damage -- 4.1.2. Military Advantage -- 4.1.3. Excessiveness -- 4.2. Issues of Proportionality under International Human Rights Law -- 4.3. Autonomous Weapons Systems, Proportionality, and Balancing: Lost in Translation? -- 4.4. Summary of the Discussion -- 5. The Third Prong of the Test: Precaution -- 5.1. The Principle of Precaution under International Humanitarian Law -- 5.2. The Requirement of Precaution and the Right to Life under International Human Rights Law -- 5.3. The Implications of the Obligation to Take Precautionary Measures for the Human-Weapon Relationship -- 5.4. Summary of the Discussion -- 6. Conclusions: Has Autonomy in Weapons Systems "Passed the Test"? -- Chapter III The "Accountability Gap" Problem. Who is to Blame for Autonomous Weapons Systems' Misdoings? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structural Problems with Responsibility Ascription for AWS' Misdoings -- 2.1. The Unpredictability of Autonomous Machines -- 2.2. The "Many Hands" Problem -- 3. Individual Criminal Responsibility -- 3.1. Direct Responsibility -- 3.1.1. The Participation to the Crime by Software Developers -- 3.1.2. The "Many Hands" Problem and Joint Criminal Enterprise -- 3.1.3. Limited Predictability of AWS and the Role of Dolus Eeventualis -- 3.2. Superior Responsibility -- 4. State Responsibility -- 5. Corporate Responsibility -- 5.1. Tort Liability for International Crimes -- 5.2. Product Liability -- 5.3. No-Fault Liability -- 6. Conclusions: The Inevitability of Accountability Gaps and Its Implications for the Legality of Autonomous Weapons Systems Chapter IV Challenging Autonomous Weapons Systems as a Malum in Se AWS, Human Dignity and the Martens Clause between Ethics and Law -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Entering Ethical Concerns in the International Legal Discourse: A Précis on Human Dignity and the Martens Clause -- 2.1. Human Dignity -- 2.2. The Martens Clause -- 2.3. Wrap-up of the Discussion -- 3. The Ethical Arguments against Autonomy in Weapons Systems -- 3.1. Autonomy in Weapons Systems as a Breach of the Human Dignity (and Humanity) of Targeted People -- 3.2. Autonomy in Weapons Systems and the "Human Agency Removal" Problem -- 4. The Preservation of Human Agency in Targeting Decisions as a "Dictate of Public Conscience" -- 4.1. Investigating the "Dictates of Public Conscience" on the Issue of Human Agency and Lethal Decision-Making: a) States -- 4.2. b) International Organizations -- 4.3. c) Global Civil Society and Private Sector -- 4.4. d) Documents on AI not Directly Addressing the Issue of Autonomy in Weapons Systems -- 5. Conclusions -- Chapter V A Normative Model of Meaningful Human Control over Weapons Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Human Control vs. Weapon Autonomy: Striking a Balance between Humanitarian and Military Considerations -- 3. The Debate on Meaningful Human Control (MHC) over Weapons Systems: A Sketch -- 3.1. The Quality of Human Involvement -- 3.2. Shared Control Policies -- 4. Shaping the Content of a Normative Model of Meaningful Human Control -- 4.1. Primary Obligations: Control Privileges -- 4.2. Ancillary Obligations: Training and Design -- 5. The Way Forward: What Legal Regime for Meaningful Human Control? -- 5.1. An Overview of the Regulative Options in the AWS Debate -- 5.2. Possible Elements of a Future Protocol/Treaty on Meaningful Human Control -- Epilogue -- Bibliography |
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A (Brief) History of the Debate on Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 1.1. "Taking the Human Out of the Loop": The Issue of "Autonomy" in the Military Research and Policy Documents of the US Department of Defense -- 1.2. Questioning the "Dehumanization" of Warfare: From the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots to the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 2. What Counts as "Autonomy" in Weapons Systems? The Case for a Functional Approach -- 2.1. An Overview of Existing and Foreseeable Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 2.2. Normative Implications of a Functional Approach to Autonomy in Weapons Systems -- 3. Mapping the Ethical and Legal Debate on Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 4. Research Goals and Structure of the Book -- 4.1. Disclaimer: What this Book is not About -- Chapter II A Legality "Test" for Autonomous Weapons Systems. The (In)compatibility of Autonomous Targeting with International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Setting Up the "Parameters" of the Test -- 2.1. The Law of Targeting -- 2.2. The Right to Life under International Human Rights Law -- 3. The First Prong of the Test: Distinction -- 3.1. The Principle of Distinction under International Humanitarian Law -- 3.1.1. The Definition of Civilians and the Problem of Direct Participation in Hostilities -- 3.1.2. The Definition of Military Objectives and the Problem of Dual-Use Objects -- 3.1.3. Other Protected Persons and Objects under International Humanitarian Law -- 3.2. Issues of Distinction under International Human Rights Law -- 3.3. Distinction and Autonomous Weapons Systems: The Problem of Situation Awareness -- 3.3.1. Perception of the Elements in the Environment -- 3.3.2. Comprehension of the Current Situation and Projection of Future Status</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3.3.3. Critique of the Arguments Denying Legal Relevance to AWS' (Lack of) Situation Awareness -- 3.4. 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Structural Problems with Responsibility Ascription for AWS' Misdoings -- 2.1. The Unpredictability of Autonomous Machines -- 2.2. The "Many Hands" Problem -- 3. Individual Criminal Responsibility -- 3.1. Direct Responsibility -- 3.1.1. The Participation to the Crime by Software Developers -- 3.1.2. The "Many Hands" Problem and Joint Criminal Enterprise -- 3.1.3. Limited Predictability of AWS and the Role of Dolus Eeventualis -- 3.2. Superior Responsibility -- 4. State Responsibility -- 5. Corporate Responsibility -- 5.1. Tort Liability for International Crimes -- 5.2. Product Liability -- 5.3. No-Fault Liability -- 6. Conclusions: The Inevitability of Accountability Gaps and Its Implications for the Legality of Autonomous Weapons Systems</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Chapter IV Challenging Autonomous Weapons Systems as a Malum in Se AWS, Human Dignity and the Martens Clause between Ethics and Law -- 1. Introduction -- 2. 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| id | DE-604.BV047689033 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:57:01Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T04:02:58Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783748909538 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033073048 |
| oclc_num | 1232281035 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-2070s |
| owner_facet | DE-2070s |
| physical | 1 online resource (306 pages) |
| psigel | ZDB-30-PQE ZDB-30-PQE HWR_PDA_PQE |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Amoroso, Daniele Verfasser aut Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Law A Study on Human-Machine Interactions in Ethically and Legally Sensitive Domains 1st ed Baden-Baden Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft 2020 ©2020 1 online resource (306 pages) txt rdacontent c rdamedia cr rdacarrier Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources Cover -- Chapter I Introduction -- 1. A (Brief) History of the Debate on Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 1.1. "Taking the Human Out of the Loop": The Issue of "Autonomy" in the Military Research and Policy Documents of the US Department of Defense -- 1.2. Questioning the "Dehumanization" of Warfare: From the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots to the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 2. What Counts as "Autonomy" in Weapons Systems? The Case for a Functional Approach -- 2.1. An Overview of Existing and Foreseeable Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 2.2. Normative Implications of a Functional Approach to Autonomy in Weapons Systems -- 3. Mapping the Ethical and Legal Debate on Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 4. Research Goals and Structure of the Book -- 4.1. Disclaimer: What this Book is not About -- Chapter II A Legality "Test" for Autonomous Weapons Systems. The (In)compatibility of Autonomous Targeting with International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Setting Up the "Parameters" of the Test -- 2.1. The Law of Targeting -- 2.2. The Right to Life under International Human Rights Law -- 3. The First Prong of the Test: Distinction -- 3.1. The Principle of Distinction under International Humanitarian Law -- 3.1.1. The Definition of Civilians and the Problem of Direct Participation in Hostilities -- 3.1.2. The Definition of Military Objectives and the Problem of Dual-Use Objects -- 3.1.3. Other Protected Persons and Objects under International Humanitarian Law -- 3.2. Issues of Distinction under International Human Rights Law -- 3.3. Distinction and Autonomous Weapons Systems: The Problem of Situation Awareness -- 3.3.1. Perception of the Elements in the Environment -- 3.3.2. Comprehension of the Current Situation and Projection of Future Status 3.3.3. Critique of the Arguments Denying Legal Relevance to AWS' (Lack of) Situation Awareness -- 3.4. Summary of the Discussion -- 4. The Second Prong of the Test: Proportionality -- 4.1. The Principle of Proportionality under International Humanitarian Law -- 4.1.1. Collateral damage -- 4.1.2. Military Advantage -- 4.1.3. Excessiveness -- 4.2. Issues of Proportionality under International Human Rights Law -- 4.3. Autonomous Weapons Systems, Proportionality, and Balancing: Lost in Translation? -- 4.4. Summary of the Discussion -- 5. The Third Prong of the Test: Precaution -- 5.1. The Principle of Precaution under International Humanitarian Law -- 5.2. The Requirement of Precaution and the Right to Life under International Human Rights Law -- 5.3. The Implications of the Obligation to Take Precautionary Measures for the Human-Weapon Relationship -- 5.4. Summary of the Discussion -- 6. Conclusions: Has Autonomy in Weapons Systems "Passed the Test"? -- Chapter III The "Accountability Gap" Problem. Who is to Blame for Autonomous Weapons Systems' Misdoings? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structural Problems with Responsibility Ascription for AWS' Misdoings -- 2.1. The Unpredictability of Autonomous Machines -- 2.2. The "Many Hands" Problem -- 3. Individual Criminal Responsibility -- 3.1. Direct Responsibility -- 3.1.1. The Participation to the Crime by Software Developers -- 3.1.2. The "Many Hands" Problem and Joint Criminal Enterprise -- 3.1.3. Limited Predictability of AWS and the Role of Dolus Eeventualis -- 3.2. Superior Responsibility -- 4. State Responsibility -- 5. Corporate Responsibility -- 5.1. Tort Liability for International Crimes -- 5.2. Product Liability -- 5.3. No-Fault Liability -- 6. Conclusions: The Inevitability of Accountability Gaps and Its Implications for the Legality of Autonomous Weapons Systems Chapter IV Challenging Autonomous Weapons Systems as a Malum in Se AWS, Human Dignity and the Martens Clause between Ethics and Law -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Entering Ethical Concerns in the International Legal Discourse: A Précis on Human Dignity and the Martens Clause -- 2.1. Human Dignity -- 2.2. The Martens Clause -- 2.3. Wrap-up of the Discussion -- 3. The Ethical Arguments against Autonomy in Weapons Systems -- 3.1. Autonomy in Weapons Systems as a Breach of the Human Dignity (and Humanity) of Targeted People -- 3.2. Autonomy in Weapons Systems and the "Human Agency Removal" Problem -- 4. The Preservation of Human Agency in Targeting Decisions as a "Dictate of Public Conscience" -- 4.1. Investigating the "Dictates of Public Conscience" on the Issue of Human Agency and Lethal Decision-Making: a) States -- 4.2. b) International Organizations -- 4.3. c) Global Civil Society and Private Sector -- 4.4. d) Documents on AI not Directly Addressing the Issue of Autonomy in Weapons Systems -- 5. Conclusions -- Chapter V A Normative Model of Meaningful Human Control over Weapons Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Human Control vs. Weapon Autonomy: Striking a Balance between Humanitarian and Military Considerations -- 3. The Debate on Meaningful Human Control (MHC) over Weapons Systems: A Sketch -- 3.1. The Quality of Human Involvement -- 3.2. Shared Control Policies -- 4. Shaping the Content of a Normative Model of Meaningful Human Control -- 4.1. Primary Obligations: Control Privileges -- 4.2. Ancillary Obligations: Training and Design -- 5. The Way Forward: What Legal Regime for Meaningful Human Control? -- 5.1. An Overview of the Regulative Options in the AWS Debate -- 5.2. Possible Elements of a Future Protocol/Treaty on Meaningful Human Control -- Epilogue -- Bibliography Waffensystem (DE-588)4117573-6 gnd rswk-swf Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd rswk-swf Kriegsrecht Völkerrecht (DE-588)4165706-8 gnd rswk-swf Militärischer Einsatz (DE-588)4114599-9 gnd rswk-swf Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 gnd rswk-swf Drohne Flugkörper (DE-588)4332556-7 gnd rswk-swf Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd rswk-swf Robotik (DE-588)4261462-4 gnd rswk-swf Waffe (DE-588)4064228-8 gnd rswk-swf Militärischer Einsatz (DE-588)4114599-9 s Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 s Robotik (DE-588)4261462-4 s Waffensystem (DE-588)4117573-6 s Drohne Flugkörper (DE-588)4332556-7 s Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 s Kriegsrecht Völkerrecht (DE-588)4165706-8 s DE-604 Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 s Waffe (DE-588)4064228-8 s Erscheint auch als Druck-Ausgabe Amoroso, Daniele Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Law Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft,c2020 9783848768561 |
| spellingShingle | Amoroso, Daniele Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Law A Study on Human-Machine Interactions in Ethically and Legally Sensitive Domains Cover -- Chapter I Introduction -- 1. A (Brief) History of the Debate on Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 1.1. "Taking the Human Out of the Loop": The Issue of "Autonomy" in the Military Research and Policy Documents of the US Department of Defense -- 1.2. Questioning the "Dehumanization" of Warfare: From the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots to the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 2. What Counts as "Autonomy" in Weapons Systems? The Case for a Functional Approach -- 2.1. An Overview of Existing and Foreseeable Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 2.2. Normative Implications of a Functional Approach to Autonomy in Weapons Systems -- 3. Mapping the Ethical and Legal Debate on Autonomous Weapons Systems -- 4. Research Goals and Structure of the Book -- 4.1. Disclaimer: What this Book is not About -- Chapter II A Legality "Test" for Autonomous Weapons Systems. The (In)compatibility of Autonomous Targeting with International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Setting Up the "Parameters" of the Test -- 2.1. The Law of Targeting -- 2.2. The Right to Life under International Human Rights Law -- 3. The First Prong of the Test: Distinction -- 3.1. The Principle of Distinction under International Humanitarian Law -- 3.1.1. The Definition of Civilians and the Problem of Direct Participation in Hostilities -- 3.1.2. The Definition of Military Objectives and the Problem of Dual-Use Objects -- 3.1.3. Other Protected Persons and Objects under International Humanitarian Law -- 3.2. Issues of Distinction under International Human Rights Law -- 3.3. Distinction and Autonomous Weapons Systems: The Problem of Situation Awareness -- 3.3.1. Perception of the Elements in the Environment -- 3.3.2. Comprehension of the Current Situation and Projection of Future Status 3.3.3. Critique of the Arguments Denying Legal Relevance to AWS' (Lack of) Situation Awareness -- 3.4. Summary of the Discussion -- 4. The Second Prong of the Test: Proportionality -- 4.1. The Principle of Proportionality under International Humanitarian Law -- 4.1.1. Collateral damage -- 4.1.2. Military Advantage -- 4.1.3. Excessiveness -- 4.2. Issues of Proportionality under International Human Rights Law -- 4.3. Autonomous Weapons Systems, Proportionality, and Balancing: Lost in Translation? -- 4.4. Summary of the Discussion -- 5. The Third Prong of the Test: Precaution -- 5.1. The Principle of Precaution under International Humanitarian Law -- 5.2. The Requirement of Precaution and the Right to Life under International Human Rights Law -- 5.3. The Implications of the Obligation to Take Precautionary Measures for the Human-Weapon Relationship -- 5.4. Summary of the Discussion -- 6. Conclusions: Has Autonomy in Weapons Systems "Passed the Test"? -- Chapter III The "Accountability Gap" Problem. Who is to Blame for Autonomous Weapons Systems' Misdoings? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structural Problems with Responsibility Ascription for AWS' Misdoings -- 2.1. The Unpredictability of Autonomous Machines -- 2.2. The "Many Hands" Problem -- 3. Individual Criminal Responsibility -- 3.1. Direct Responsibility -- 3.1.1. The Participation to the Crime by Software Developers -- 3.1.2. The "Many Hands" Problem and Joint Criminal Enterprise -- 3.1.3. Limited Predictability of AWS and the Role of Dolus Eeventualis -- 3.2. Superior Responsibility -- 4. State Responsibility -- 5. Corporate Responsibility -- 5.1. Tort Liability for International Crimes -- 5.2. Product Liability -- 5.3. No-Fault Liability -- 6. Conclusions: The Inevitability of Accountability Gaps and Its Implications for the Legality of Autonomous Weapons Systems Chapter IV Challenging Autonomous Weapons Systems as a Malum in Se AWS, Human Dignity and the Martens Clause between Ethics and Law -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Entering Ethical Concerns in the International Legal Discourse: A Précis on Human Dignity and the Martens Clause -- 2.1. Human Dignity -- 2.2. The Martens Clause -- 2.3. Wrap-up of the Discussion -- 3. The Ethical Arguments against Autonomy in Weapons Systems -- 3.1. Autonomy in Weapons Systems as a Breach of the Human Dignity (and Humanity) of Targeted People -- 3.2. Autonomy in Weapons Systems and the "Human Agency Removal" Problem -- 4. The Preservation of Human Agency in Targeting Decisions as a "Dictate of Public Conscience" -- 4.1. Investigating the "Dictates of Public Conscience" on the Issue of Human Agency and Lethal Decision-Making: a) States -- 4.2. b) International Organizations -- 4.3. c) Global Civil Society and Private Sector -- 4.4. d) Documents on AI not Directly Addressing the Issue of Autonomy in Weapons Systems -- 5. Conclusions -- Chapter V A Normative Model of Meaningful Human Control over Weapons Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Human Control vs. Weapon Autonomy: Striking a Balance between Humanitarian and Military Considerations -- 3. The Debate on Meaningful Human Control (MHC) over Weapons Systems: A Sketch -- 3.1. The Quality of Human Involvement -- 3.2. Shared Control Policies -- 4. Shaping the Content of a Normative Model of Meaningful Human Control -- 4.1. Primary Obligations: Control Privileges -- 4.2. Ancillary Obligations: Training and Design -- 5. The Way Forward: What Legal Regime for Meaningful Human Control? -- 5.1. An Overview of the Regulative Options in the AWS Debate -- 5.2. Possible Elements of a Future Protocol/Treaty on Meaningful Human Control -- Epilogue -- Bibliography Waffensystem (DE-588)4117573-6 gnd Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd Kriegsrecht Völkerrecht (DE-588)4165706-8 gnd Militärischer Einsatz (DE-588)4114599-9 gnd Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 gnd Drohne Flugkörper (DE-588)4332556-7 gnd Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd Robotik (DE-588)4261462-4 gnd Waffe (DE-588)4064228-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4117573-6 (DE-588)4063693-8 (DE-588)4165706-8 (DE-588)4114599-9 (DE-588)4033447-8 (DE-588)4332556-7 (DE-588)4015602-3 (DE-588)4261462-4 (DE-588)4064228-8 |
| title | Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Law A Study on Human-Machine Interactions in Ethically and Legally Sensitive Domains |
| title_auth | Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Law A Study on Human-Machine Interactions in Ethically and Legally Sensitive Domains |
| title_exact_search | Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Law A Study on Human-Machine Interactions in Ethically and Legally Sensitive Domains |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Law A Study on Human-Machine Interactions in Ethically and Legally Sensitive Domains |
| title_full | Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Law A Study on Human-Machine Interactions in Ethically and Legally Sensitive Domains |
| title_fullStr | Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Law A Study on Human-Machine Interactions in Ethically and Legally Sensitive Domains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Law A Study on Human-Machine Interactions in Ethically and Legally Sensitive Domains |
| title_short | Autonomous Weapons Systems and International Law |
| title_sort | autonomous weapons systems and international law a study on human machine interactions in ethically and legally sensitive domains |
| title_sub | A Study on Human-Machine Interactions in Ethically and Legally Sensitive Domains |
| topic | Waffensystem (DE-588)4117573-6 gnd Völkerrecht (DE-588)4063693-8 gnd Kriegsrecht Völkerrecht (DE-588)4165706-8 gnd Militärischer Einsatz (DE-588)4114599-9 gnd Künstliche Intelligenz (DE-588)4033447-8 gnd Drohne Flugkörper (DE-588)4332556-7 gnd Ethik (DE-588)4015602-3 gnd Robotik (DE-588)4261462-4 gnd Waffe (DE-588)4064228-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Waffensystem Völkerrecht Kriegsrecht Völkerrecht Militärischer Einsatz Künstliche Intelligenz Drohne Flugkörper Ethik Robotik Waffe |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT amorosodaniele autonomousweaponssystemsandinternationallawastudyonhumanmachineinteractionsinethicallyandlegallysensitivedomains |