Science of the child in late imperial and early Soviet Russia:
"Between the 1880s and the 1930s, children became the focus of unprecedented scientific and professional interest in modernizing societies worldwide, including in the Russian Empire and then the Soviet Union. Those who claimed children as special objects of investigation were initially spread a...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Oxford
Oxford University Press
2020
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Between the 1880s and the 1930s, children became the focus of unprecedented scientific and professional interest in modernizing societies worldwide, including in the Russian Empire and then the Soviet Union. Those who claimed children as special objects of investigation were initially spread across a network of imperfectly professionalized scholarly and occupational groups based mostly in the fields of medicine, education, and psychology. From their various perspectives, they made ambitious claims about the contributions that their emergent expertise made to the understanding of, and intervention in, human bio-psycho-social development. The international movement that arose out of this catalyzed the institutionalization of new domains of knowledge, including developmental and educational psychology, special needs education, and child psychiatry. Science of the Child charts the evolution of the child science movement in Russia from the Crimean War to the Second World War. It is the first comprehensive history in English of the rise and fall of this multidisciplinary field across the late Imperial and Soviet periods. Drawing on ideas and concepts emanating from a variety of theoretical domains, the study provides new insights into the concerns of Russia's professional intelligentsia with matters of biosocial reproduction and investigates the incorporation of scientific knowledge and professional expertise focused on child development into the making of the welfare/warfare state in the rapidly changing political landscape of the early Soviet era." -- From publisher's website |
| Beschreibung: | xxiii, 297 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme (schwarz-weiß) 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780198825050 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Introduction: Sciences of the Child in Transnational Perspective -- The Upbringing of Man: Of Nurture and Nature -- Pedagogy as Science: Across Disciplines and Professions -- The Imperfect Child: Between Diagnostics and Therapeutics -- Child Science in Revolution: From Trauma to Transformation -- The Making of Pedology: Science and the State -- Pedology at Work: Instrument and Occupation -- Conclusion : The Afterlife of a 'Repressed Science' | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "Between the 1880s and the 1930s, children became the focus of unprecedented scientific and professional interest in modernizing societies worldwide, including in the Russian Empire and then the Soviet Union. Those who claimed children as special objects of investigation were initially spread across a network of imperfectly professionalized scholarly and occupational groups based mostly in the fields of medicine, education, and psychology. From their various perspectives, they made ambitious claims about the contributions that their emergent expertise made to the understanding of, and intervention in, human bio-psycho-social development. The international movement that arose out of this catalyzed the institutionalization of new domains of knowledge, including developmental and educational psychology, special needs education, and child psychiatry. Science of the Child charts the evolution of the child science movement in Russia from the Crimean War to the Second World War. It is the first comprehensive history in English of the rise and fall of this multidisciplinary field across the late Imperial and Soviet periods. Drawing on ideas and concepts emanating from a variety of theoretical domains, the study provides new insights into the concerns of Russia's professional intelligentsia with matters of biosocial reproduction and investigates the incorporation of scientific knowledge and professional expertise focused on child development into the making of the welfare/warfare state in the rapidly changing political landscape of the early Soviet era." -- From publisher's website | |
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| adam_text | Contents Preface List of Figures List of Abbreviations 1. Introduction: Sciences of the Child in Transnational Perspective ix xix xxi 1 2. The Upbringing of Man: Of Nurture and Nature 41 3. Pedagogy as Science: Across Professions and Disciplines 78 4. The Imperfect Child: Between Diagnostics and Therapeutics 113 5. Child Science in Revolution: From Trauma to Transformation 147 6. The Making of Pedology: Science and the State 185 7. Pedology at Work Instrument and Occupation 218 8. Conclusion: The Afterlife of a ‘Repressed Science’ 255 Bibliography Index 269 285
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Index Note: Figures are indicated by an italic f ’ following the page number. For the benefit of digital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g., 52-53) may, on occasion, appear on only one of those pages. aberrations 115, 142 Academy of Communist Education 232-3,237-8 adolescents 1, 13 see abo teenagers adult, adulthood 8-10,12,18,133,143,145, 234 advice (expert) 13-16, 46n.26, 47-50, 54, 60, 62-3, 64Ո.96, 66-7, 131-2, 241-3 Agapitov, N. N. 11-12 alcoholism 110-11 Aleksinskii, M. A. 247-8 Alexander II, tsar 27 amateur 13, 76-7, 97-8, 191-2 anatomy 85, 190-1 animals 9-Ю, 54n.56, 121, 145, 172-3, 194, 197 anthropology 1, 7, 9-10, 23n.50, 50-2, 80, 192-3, 198, 260-2 see abo pedagogical anthropology; criminal anthropology anthropometries 3-5, 7,10-11, 16, 20-1, 23-4, 28-30, 72-3, 86-7, 107-8, 123-6, 142,169, 205, 214-15, 220-2, 239Ո.84, 241-2 anthropotechnics 197n.44 anti-pedology decree (1936) 33-5, 37, 245nn.107-8, 248-50, 252-5, 257-8 Antonovich, M. A. 47Ո.30 Ariamov, I. A. 182-3 assessment (educational, medical, psychological, pedological) 2-3, 11, 19-20, 23-4, 86-8, 113, 115-26, 132-3, 137-8, 152-5,167-9, 220-7, 228Ո.29, 229-31,237-9, 241-2, 245, 248-9, 258-9 see abo exams; diagnosis Astrakhan 64 Australia 28 Austria-Hungary 23n.51 authority (of science, medicine, experts, professions) 1-2, 15, 49-50, 71-2, 76-7, 88-90, 94, 96-7, 99, 103-4, 107, 120-2, 173-4,191-2, 211-12, 215, 219, 243-4, 266 autocracy, autocratic state 27,68,79,114,120,140 auxiliary classes and schools (vspomogatel nye klassy і shkoly) 124-6, 134, 136-8, 222, 228, 242-3 see abo special schools
backwardness (otstalosť) 31-2, 58, 247-8, 258, 265-6 mental 222-3, 225-6, 233-4 ethical 156-7 see abo retardation Bain, Alexander 52-3 Baku 121-2 Baitalon, Ts. P. 64 bandwagon 40, 265 Basov, M. Ia. 165n.66, 170n.73,199-200, 212, 216Ո.119, 253-4 Basov, V. N. 170Ո.73 behaviour 15, 45-6, 72-6, 114, 153, 177-9 correction, regulation of 107, 163, 244-5, 247 non-standard, deviant, pathological 5, 16, 110-11,113-15, 117-18, 132, 135-8, 144-5,149-50, 154,160-2,177, 226, 245-6 observation, study 9-10, 36, 52, 71-2, 87-8, 172, 187,189-90,199, 210-11,216-17, 246 parental 15, 57 psycho-hygienic (of defectologists) 161-2 symbolic 72-3 Bekhterev, V. M. 40, 70-7, 87-8, 91, 97-8, 98/, 100-1, 102Ո.89, 124Ո.37, 132Ո.61, 134-5, 135Ո.70, 160, 16ІП.37, 165Ո.66, 170Ո.73, 172, 175-6, 179-84, 201-2, 206Ո.81, 213, 264-5 Bekhterevian 180-1, 183 Bekhterevism 213 Bekhtereva, N. P. 70-1 Belgium, Belgian 3, 22, 25n.56, 85-6, 233 Bernshtein, A. N. 98/, 102, 117,126-8, 138, 176 Bernshtein, M. S. 234Ո.57 besprizorniki 149-50, 153-8, 167-9, 175-6, 225-6, 267 besprizomosť 40,150,155-9,161-2,164-6,225-6 Binet, Alfred lln.25, 100, 121, 162n.49, 228-9 Binet tests lln.25, 115-16, 121, 232-3, 235Ո.62 Binet Society (Paris) 234-5 biogenetic law 9-10 see abo Haeckel, Ernst biogeneticism (vs. sociogeneticism) 193-6, 217
286 INDEX biophysiological 173-4, 203-4, 215-16 biopolitics 1-6, 265 biopsychosocial 2-3, 14-15, 23-4, 114-15, 130-1, 147-8, 166-7, 174, 186-7, 194-7, 200, 219, 267 biosocial determinism 249, 252-3, 258 development 6, 193-4 group 114, 193-4 reproduction 9, 42-3 black box, black-boxing 219-24, 243-5, 247 Blonskii, P. P. 147, 155n.l7, 165Ո.66, 166/, 167Ո.68, 172, 177-9, 188-9, 191-7, 20ІП.63, 206, 214, 216-17, 222, 226-9, 232-5, 237-9, 237Ո.72, 253-4 Blum, Eugène 24Ո.53 Blumenau, L. V. 85n.26, 109-10 body (vs. mind, soul) 18, 45-6, 110-11,137-9 body politic 3-4,18,31-2 Bolshevik, Bolsheviks 6, 30-2, 36-7, 147-54, 156-8, 165Ո.65,166-71, 173,175-6, 181, 183, 195-6, 208-9, 211, 228, 257-9, 266-7, see ako Party, the; power, Bolshevik; revolution, Bolshevik Boltunov, A. P. 232-3 boundaries (professional, disciplinary) 14, 17, 19-20, 62-3, 69-70, 73-5, 92-3, 104, 110-111, 118, 125-6, 130-3, 143Ո.100, 163-4, 201, 264-6 boundary-work 18, 264 Brain Institute 175-6, 179-84, 206n.81, 213, 220n.ll brain-science 91 see ako neuroscience Britain, British 3, lln.25, 22, 23n.52, 24n,55,28, 52-3, 63, 85-6, 232-3 Bubnov, A. S. 208, 246, 248-51, 253-4 Bukharin, N. I. 147-8, 167Ո.68, 198, 202-3, 213 Bulgaria 25-6 bureaucracy, bureaucratic, bureaucrats 10-11, 17,19-21,27,33,42,63-4,79,88-9,107-8, 112,120-3, 140-2, 154-5, 178, 186, 204-6, 211-12, 263 Burt, Cyril lln.25 Buyse, Raymond 25n.56 Canguilhem, Georges 4-5 Central Interdepartmental Pedology Commission 241-2 Central Pedological Institute (Moscow) 67, 102Ո.89, 165Ո.66, 170Ո.73, 230 charitable shelters 95, 117-18, 134-8 Chelpanov, G. I. 92-4,
96-7, 98f 102-3, 105Ո.98, 129-30, 172-3 Chernov, D. I. 48-9 childcare 11-12, 20-1, 23-4, 27-8,42-3, 47-8, 56-9, 62-3, 70Ո.127, 76, 95, 147-8, 152-3, 159, 178-80, 187, 196-7, 205, 206Ո.80, 207, 260 childcare guru 15-16, 54, 58-9, 62-3, 75-6 child-centrism 3-4, 8, 167, 217, 220-1, 260-1 child-rearing 13-15, 54, 59, 76 child study (practice, movement) 1, 13-14, 20Ո.45, 23-7, 36-7, 39-40, 52-7, 65-6, 69-71, 82, 84, 96, 100, 102-3, 115, 117, 138Ո.80, 144-5, 151, 160-1, 170, 175-6, 198 childhood 2-3, 9-10,143Ո.100,194, 240, 258-9 anthropology of 1, 23n,50, 261 early 15-16, 76-7, 100-1 illnesses, pathologies 14-15, 47-8, 113-14 institutions 4-5 normativization of 3-4 militarization of 144-5 pathologization of 140-6 politicization of 3-4 romanticization of 8, 144 sciences of 4-6, 10, 68-9 Soviet 37-8 exceptional, difficult 157, 161-2, 225-6 childhood studies 261-2 children of the nation, ‘our children’ 114,140-1, 155,157-8, 218 children’s arts and crafts 24-5, 72-3, 138-9, 144-5, 162-3 drawing 72-3, 144-5, 177 essays, writing 23-4, 121, 144-5, 230 games 85, 144-5, 162-3, 177 ideals, interests, understandings 5,144-5, 208, 214-15, 223, 230 reading 144-5,230,232-3 superstitions 65,110,132 children’s homes (Soviet) 154-5, 159, 16ІП.41, 178, 225-6, 249-50 Chrisman, Oscar 23n.50 citizen, citizenship, citizenry 2-3, 9-10, 41-2, 79, 147-8, 157-8, 254, 267 civil society 27, 113-14 civil war (revolutionary) 40,112,145-6,149-50, 153-5, 170, 174-6, 245-6 civilization, civilizational, civilizing 2,8-10, 29-30, 133, 145-6, 154-5 mission civilisatrice 58 Claparède, Edouard 24n.54 classification
(of children) 2-3, 9,119-20, 125-7, 141-2 clinical (observation, assessment, diagnostics) 5, 14, 108-9, 117-18,125-8, 130-1, 158-9, 203, 237-40, 255-6, 266
INDEX cognitive development 266 fiinctions, abilities 72-3,87-8,117-20,123-4, 128,168-9,205,223, 226, 230,234 impairment, underdevelopment 117-18, 123, 160, 162, 222-3, 250-1 tests 13, 28-9, 83-4, 93, 195, 225-7, 228Ո.29, 239 Cold War 36 collaboration 17-21, 28, 78, 108-9, 152, 158-9, 205-6, 264 collective (of children) 168, 177-8, 189-90, 203Ո.71, 208-9, 212Ո.102, 248-9 collectivism 2, 6, 166-7, 170, 175, 208-9 Commissions for Juvenile Affairs 155-7 communism, communist society 30-1, 154-5, 196-7, 216 Communist (Party, regime), Communists 30, 33-5, 37, 155, 256-8 compensation (kompensatsiia) 164 Comte, Auguste 7 correction, defectological (korrektsiia) 113, 161-4, 255-6 corrective pedagogy (korrektsionnaia pedagogika) 161-2 of personality (korrektsiia lichnosti) 162 social (sotsial naia korrektsiia) 163 correction, moral (ispravlenie) 3-4, 9, 133-7, 154-7, 161-2 correctional facility (ispravitel noe zavedenie) 50, 134-6, 138-9, 172-3 Crimean War 27, 41-2, 268 crime (juvenile) 110,135-6 criminology, criminologists 1, 5, 14, 16, 24n.54, 84-5, 93Ո.53, 136 criminal anthropology 136, 141-2, 155-6 cultural-historical (development, school) 170, 192-3 see also Vygotskii, L. S. cure, curative 133-4, 139-40 see abo therapy curative pedagogy (lechebnaia pedagogika) 133-40, 150, 161-2, 164 see abo defectology Darwin, Charles 7, 2ІП.47, 52-3, 54n.56, 69 deaf, the 117 deaf-and-blind 135-6 Deborin, A. M. 21 In. 100 defect, defective, defectiveness (defektivnosť) 3-4, 8, 39-40, 110, 113, 117-18, 132-4, 134Ո.66, 138, 143, 147, 150,154-66, 177, 203Ո.71, 225-6, 232-3, 267 defectology
(defektologiia), defectologist (defektolog) 35, 38, 150, 153-4, 158-64, 203, 206Ո.81, 218, 242, 255-7, 260-1 287 deficiency 5-6, 116-18, 127, 130, 226, 239 degeneration (vyrozhdenie) 7, 15, 45-6, 75-6, 109-10, 113-14, 137-8, 141-3 Delianov, I. D. 79 delinquency, delinquent 3-4, 37-8, 40, 65, 95, 117-18,132, 134-6, 143, 150, 154-7, 160 see abo besprizornosť Dernova-Iarmolenko, A. A. 60,61f, 67,182n.l05 de Sanctis, Sante 124n.36 Detskii Obsledovatel skii Institut (DOBI) 160, 162-3, 175-6, 232-3 Detskii sad (.Kindergarten) 48, 52-3 deviance, deviant 5, 113-15, 142, 145-6, 150, 157-8, 160, 266 deviation, ideological 211-12,214,253 normative 4-5, 108, 112, 115, 126, 135-6, 222-3, 261, 266 Dewey, John 24-5, 167 diagnosis, diagnostics 5, 16,18-20,23-4, 39-40, 47-8, 51-2, 82, 108-9, 112, 114-19, 123, 125-34, 136-43, 145-6, 150-3, 155-60, 162, 169, 175-6, 222-3, 225-7, 232-4, 237-239, 248-9, 251, 255-6, 262, 266-8 diary 52-3, 60, 61/, 62-3, 65-70, 72-3, 75-6, 135Ո.67, 177 diet 137-9 see abo feeding nutrition difference (of class, ethnicity, race, gender) 6, 31-2, 208-9, 222 difficult child (trudnyi rebenok), difficult to educate (trudnovospituemyi) 113,132-6, 138, 140, 149-50, 157-8, 162, 203n.71, 222-3, 226, 241-5, 250-1 see abo ‘problem’ child(ren) discipline (of behaviour), disciplined, indiscipline, disciplinarian 9-10, 49-50, 58-9,62-4,134,138-42,154-5,157,167-8, 183-4, 186, 212-13, 222, 225, 227, 241-3, 245-51, 254 discipline (scientific), (inter/multi) disciplinarity 1-2, 6, 12-13, 15-20, 23-7, 33-5,39,50-1,70,79-83,91-5,103-5,107, 131-2, 141-2, 152-4, 171-4, 185, 187-92,
197-9, 204, 205Ո.77, 209-12, 216, 242, 255-261, 263-6, 268 disciplining (political) 33, 40, 211-17, 216n.ll9, 219, 247, 247Ո.112, 253-4 distortions (ideological) 211-12, 211n.99, 212Ո.102, 253-4 see abo anti-pedology decree; izvrashcheniia dose, dosing (dozirovka) 138-9, 163 Doshkol noe vospitanie (Preschool Upbringing) 64 Dril , D. А. 85Ո.26, 136, 155-6 dysfbnction 123, 127
288 INDEX eclectic, eclecticism 23-5, ЗО, 58-9, 75-6, 133, 156-7,174, 191-2, 19ІП.25, 203-4, 214 educated classes, stratum 26-7, 44-6, 48, 57-9, 63-4, 75-6, 113-14, 120-1, 140-1, 155 see also middle classes education reform see reform of education see abo progressive education educational research 28, 37-8, 67n.ll6 educationalist 13-14, 24-5, 30, 95, 143-4, 187, 256, 261 Ekaterinburg 64 Ekaterinodar 124 El konin, D. B. 256-7 empire, Russian 26-32, 39-42, 43n.ll, 79, 81-2, 96, 113-14, 118-23, 140-1, 143, 145, 171, 198, 267 Enlightenment, the 6-7, 9-10, 42, 47-8 Entsiklopediia semeinogo vospitaniia і obucheniia ( The Encyclopaedia of Family Upbringing and Education) 63 environment, the 8 of an organism 75 social 5, 70, 99-100, 153n.l3, 157-8, 162-9, 171, 177-8, 193-4, 202, 214, 220-2, 239 epidemic 114-16, 120, 140-1, 143-4, 157-8, 161-2, 225-6 epistemic 18-20, 171, 174, 179-81, 187-8, 190-1,194-5, 200-2, 208-12, 253,257,264 epistemology 4-5, 31-2, 70, 92-5, 171-2, 175, 179-80, 185, 191, 192Ո.26, 194-6, 208-11, 214-17, 235-6 Erisman, F. F. 106n.l02 Ermakov, I. D. 176-8 ethnic, difference 9, 20-1, 118-19, 169-70, 208-9,214-15 minorities 29, 208, 235-6, 236n.67, 238-9, 258, 267 eugenics 2-3, 7, 9, 15, 75-6, 147-8, 193n.30, 197Ո.44, 219Ո.5, 259 Europe, European 11-12, 19-22, 25-6, 28-30, 70-1, 80n.ll, 113-14, 235 Western Europe, West European 83, 152-3 evolution (biological) 7, 9-10, 12, 52, 54n.56, 72-3,143, 175, 192-3 exams 49-50,64Ո.96,85,116,120-3,142,224,231 exhibitions 67Ո.116, 95, 106-7, 20ІП.63 experience, experiential knowledge 60,67,82,104 experimental lesson 87-8 see
abo natural experiment experimental pedagogy 21-2, 24-6, 38n.87, 99-105,109, 123, 127-8, 128n.52, 165Ո.66, 170-2, 198, 199Ո.52 see abo Society for Experimental Pedagogy Ezhegodnik eksperimental noi pedagogiki (Yearbook of Experimental Pedagogy) 101 family 2, 5, 10, 33, 51, 59-60, 63-5, 70, 76, 113, 124Ո.36,125, 127, 138-40, 142-3, 162-3, 221-2, 226-7, 229, 245-9, 254, 267 famine, hunger 154, 157 father 44, 57, 66, 68-9 feebleminded 136 feeding 15-16, 43-4, 182 see abo diet; nutrition female (education, professionals, work) 13-15, 27-8, 49Ո.40, 57-60, 66-7, 71-2, 76-7, 80-1, 105Ո.98, 134-5, 177-8 femininity 27-8, 57, 60, 68-9 Feofanov, M. P. 216 First All-Russian Conference for the Struggle with Child Defectiveness (1921) 157 First All-Russian Congress on Matters of Family Upbringing (1912-13) 49n.42, 65, 76 First All-Union Congress in the Study of Human Behaviour(1930) 210-11 First All-Union Pedology Congress (1927-28) 185,200-2,204-5,207,210,237-8,240Ո.86 First Experimental Station in Public Education 164-6 First Five-Year Plan (1928-32) 32, 170, 206-11, 215Ո.116 First Moscow Conference for the Struggle with Besprizomost (1924) 157-8 First World War 3, lln.25, 19-21, 24-6, 36-7, 113-14, 118-19, 140,143-4, 152-4 Fon-Ern, A. 121-2 Foucault, Michel 3-4, 44 France, French 3, lln.25, 15, 20n,46, 22, 24-5, 24Ո.53, 29, 85-6, 121, 233 Free Economic Society 47-8, 56n.60 Freud, Sigmund 147, 176 Freudian 40,177 Freudo-Marxism 175 Fröbel, Friedrich 24-5, 59 Fröbel kindergartens 76 Frunze, T. M. 245-6 Frunze, M. V. 245-6 Galton, Francis 23n.52 Gaupp, Robert Eugen 65-6 Gavrilova, N. I.
68 Gellershtein, S. G. 234Ո.57 genetics 193Ո.30, 259-60 see abo medical genetics German, Germany 3, 6-7, 13, 20n.46, 2ІП.47, 22-3,25-6,28-9, 32,47-8,54,59,76,83-6, 86Ո.31, 93, 106Ո.102, 121, 124, 127Ո.45, 131-2, 134Ո.64, 233 Glavnauka 178, 205-6 Glavsotsvos 178 Goddard, Henry H. 1 ln.25
INDEX Gordon, G. I. 141 Gorinevskii, V. V. Ill Gorky see Nizhnii Novgorod Gosudarstvennoe izdatel stvo (GIZ) 157 Graborov, A. N. 160-2 Gracheva, E. K. 134-5 Great Reforms 27, 41-2, 47-8, 50, 79, 106, 134 post-reform era 28, 45-6, 57-8 Greece 25-6 Greek, Ancient 23 Green, John Alfred 24n.55 Griboedov, A. S. 98f 134-135, 160 Grot, N. Ia. 78, 90-1 growth (physical) 7, 10-11 Grum-Grzhmailo, K. I. 41, 47-8, 56n.60 Gundobin, N. P. 85Ո.26, 109 Gurevich, M. O. 159 Haeckel, Ernst 9-10, 54n.56 Hall, Granville Stanley 20n.45, 84, 144-5 hardening practices 106-7 healthcare 2, 17-18, 26-7, 30, 56n.60, 114, 147-8, 151-2, 170, 179-80, 196-7, 206Ո.80 health monitoring 11, 20-1, 105-6, 108, 123-4, 135-7, 220-1, 238-9 see ako medical assessment Henri, Victor 100 heredity (nasledstvennosť) 6, 10, 45-6, 110-11, 118, 125, 137-8, 142, 163-4, 193-4 Herzen State Pedagogical Institute 160-1, 199, 232-3 heterogeneity 1, 17-21, 23-4, 39, 45, 90, 115, 134, 153, 185, 204, 263-5 Higher Women’s Courses 85-6, 165n.66 Historical-Philological Institutes 80 Historical-Philological Faculties 91 historiography 32n.71, 34-7, 39-40,189n.l6,193 Holt, L. Emmett 16n.34 hooliganism 142n.96, 245-6 House of Teachers (Uchitel skii dom) 67,102-3, 165Ո.66 House of the Study of the Child (Dom izucheniia rebenka) 159 Hufeland, Christoph Wilhelm 47-8, 56n,60 humanity, humankind, human race 2-3, 7, 9-10, 20, 30-1, 41-5, 75-6, 108-9, 145-8, 152, 174, 179-80, 192-3, 195-6 human material, human capital 9, 259-60 hygiene (school, mental, moral, physical, social) 3-4, 10-12, 15-16, 21-2, 26-7, 47-51, 54, 56Ո.60, 60, 65, 67, 80-1,
8ІП.13, 85-7, 105-8, 110-12, 118-20, 135-7, 139-142, 154-5, 158-9, 161-3, 182, 239 289 ideology 3, 9, 30, 147-8 Igniat ev, P. N. Ill illness 14-15, 72-3, 108-11, 132-3,163-4, 239, 255-6 impairment (narushenie) 117-18,126,160,162, 222-3, 255-6 imperfection 5, 39-40, 113-19, 140, 174 index (body) 20-1 industrialization 3, 8, 113-14, 182-4, 196, 208 infancy, infant 1, 13-16, 18, 41, 45-6, 47n.30, 48-50, 53-4, 56-7, 68-9, 75-7, 164Ո.63, 181-2 innocence (in children) 8-9, 145 innovation 7, 11-13, 16-18, 20, 22-6, 29-30, 36-7, 39, 59, 75-6, 82-3, 88-9, 99-100, 102Ո.89,103-4,121,126-7,134-5,139-40, 150, 153-4, 161-2, 167, 169, 171, 173, 183-4, 186-7, 191-2, 208-10, 219, 264-265, 268 instrument(s) 1-4, lln.25,17,30, 32-4,69,73-5, 82-3,85,115-16,119-21,125-30,161,171, 173-6,187,19ІП.25, 208,216,218-19, 222-6, 229,235,237,242,247-9, 264-5 instrumentalization 70, 219, 266 integration (of pedology) 19-20, 26-7, 183-91, 192Ո.26,196, 200-1, 20ІП.60, 202-6, 210, 219-21, 243, 265 intellectual development 2, 5-6, 10-11, 24-5, 42-3, 233-4, 259-60 intelligentsia, professional intelligentsia 27, 29, 30, 41-2, 114, 118-19, 120,140, 143, 145-6 see ako educated classes; middle classes international, internationalism 6-7, lln.25, 20-3, 25-6, 28-32, 36-7, 42, 48-9, 52-3, 10ІП.80,115-16, 189 International Pedology Congress (Brussels, 1911) 21-2,28 intervention, interventionism 1-5, 9, 12, 15, 17, 19, 31, 39, 112, 114-15, 118-19, 145-6, 149-53, 155-8, 168, 170, 203-4, 265-6 introspection (samonabliudenie) 46-7,70,92-3, 126-7 Iurkevich, P. D. 44-7 izvrashcheniia (distortions) 34-5,211-12, 256, 257 see
ako anti-pedology decree; distortion Judenkunde 23 Jugendfürsorge 23 Jung, Carl 176 Jews 54Ո.56, 88-9
290 INDEX Kaminskii, G. N. 248 Kapterev, P. F. 51-2, 54, 62-3 Kashchenko, P. P. 138 Kashchenko, V. P. 113, 117-18, 124Ո.36, 138-140, 159, 161-2, 167, 225-6 Kasso, L. A. 102Ո.87 Kazan 64, 182n.l05 Key, Ellen 8 Kiev 54, 64, 96-7, 121-2,138,144n.l05 kharakteristika (profile) 87-8, 125, 130-1, 226-227, 241-2 Khlopin, G. V. 107-8, 141 Kinderforschung 23 kindergarten 13-14, 23, 38, 44, 52-3, 57, 59, 76, 95, 176-8, 219-20, 239, 249-50 Klein, Melanie 176 knowledge-power 3-4, 45, 151 knowledge-practices 51-2 Kolbanovskii, V. N. 216 Komamitskii, V. G. 109-10 Komsomol 186, 248 Kosarev, A. V. 248 Kornilov, K. N. 68, 102-3,172-3, 199-200, 211 Kovalevskii, P. I. 134-5 Krasnogorskii, N. I. 180-1 Krichevskaia, E. K. 66-8 Krupskaia, N. K. 147-8,166f, 167Ո.68,178-9, 182-3, 202, 208, 210Ո.95, 215-17, 217Ո.126, 251, 253 lab, laboratory 13, 21, 70-3, 75-6, 83-7, 92-8, 102-3, 111-12, 118-19, 121-2, 127-8, 138, 165Ո.66,176, 178, 182Ո.105, 196-7, 218, 230, 23ІП.42,232-3, 233n,53,237, 243, 25ІП.117 labour (trod) 150, 161-2, 166-7, 179-80, 198Ո.50, 233-4 colony 244Ո.102, 254Ո.132 creative (trudovoe tvorchestvo, tvorcheskii trod) 163 division of (professional) 2-3, 18, 66, 78, 104-5, 108-9 educational activities 177Ո.89 force 154-5, 166-7, 234, 267 pedology of 196Ո.42, 203n.71 psychology of 173 school (trodovaia shkola) 166-7, 188-9, 196, 233-4 therapy 137-8, 154-5, 163 Lange, N. N. 54, 62-3, 95n.60, 98/ Lay, Wilhelm August 24n.55 Lazurskii, A. F. 124n.37 Leclère, Albert 121 Leningradskaia Pravda 247 ‘Leninist guard’ 258-9 Lenskii, B. P. 53 Levonevskii, A. F. 65-8 lichnosť see person life
(biological, human, child s) 2-6,13-14, 41-2, 46-7, 52, 54, 56, 59, 68-9, 75, 167-168, 229 psychic 75, 78 life sciences 4-5 League of Education 85-6 Lunacharskii, A. V. 147-8, 167Ո.68, 185, 196Ո.41, 198, 200, 202, 208, 239-40 Luria, A. R. 214, 259 McMillan, Margaret 24-5 Makarenko, A. S. 218, 244n.l02, 254n.l32 Makarov, A. N. 83-5, 198 Maliarevskaia, E. Kh. 137-8 Maliarevskii, I. V. 50, 135-40 malosposobnosť (low ability) 116 Manasseina, Maria 59 Marxism, Marxist(s), Marxism-Leninism 30-1, 147,150,166-7,171-3,175-6,180,209-13, 21ІП.99, 215-17, 251-2 mass child (massovyi rebenok) 170, 216, 228, 267-8 see abo ‘Soviet child’ materialism 45n.20, 46-7, 88-9, 147-8, 198-200, 203-4, 210-11 dialectical (diamat) 172 medical assessment, check-ups, exams, monitoring, service 10-11, 15-16, 23-4, 86-7, 106-8, 118-19, 123-4, 137-8, 154-5, 221/ 222-3, 226Ո.24, 228Ո.28, 240 see ako health monitoring medical genetics 219 medicalization 50, 136 medico-pedagogical, medico-educational (establishment, supervision, treatment, task) 50, 137-40, 155-7, 159, 232-3 Medico-Pedagogical Station (MPS) 159, 161-3 Mediko-pedagogicheskii vestník (Medico-Pedagogical Herald) 50 mental age lln.25, 228-9, 232-3 meritocracy 2-3, 5-6, 222, 259-60 metaphor 2-3, 9, 14-15, 51-2, 108-9, 139-40, 162Ո.49, 163, 194, 215Ո.116 Meumann, Ernst 24n.55 middle classes, social middle, professional middle 1-2, 2, 3, 10, 12, 13-14, 16, 57-8, 69-70, 76, 141-2, 143 see abo educated classes; intelligentsia Military Medical Academy (St Petersburg) 71/, 73f 87-8
INDEX mind 45-6, 99-100, 137-9, 226, 235 Ministry of Finance 121 Ministry of Justice 136 Ministry of Public Enlightenment 70-1,80-2, 85-6,94,106-8,111-12,118-19,123-4,141 its Medico-Sanitary Section 107-8, 111, 123-4,141 the latter’s School Hygiene Laboratory 111-12, 118-19 Ministry of the Army 62, 83, 106, 122, 165Ո.66, 198 its Department of Military Education 62, 83, 165Ո.66 see also Pedagogical Museum (St Petersburg) minorities (ethnic, national) 2, 208, 235-6, 267 pedology of national minorities 208-9, 235 modern 1, 3-8, 10, 25-7, 29, 53, 58-9, 80n.ll, 95 modernity 2, 28-32, 113-14, 235 modernization 1-6, 27, 30, 32, 41-2, 57-8, 62, 79,183-4, 263 Molozhavyi, S. S. 165n.66,189-92, 193n.31, 194Ո.32, 214, 235-6, 253-4 monism 180, 193n.31 monitoring (of child development, health) 10-11, 15-16, 20-1, 23-4, 60, 71-2, 86-7, 105-6, 108, 111-12, 118-19, 123-4, 124Ո.37, 135-7, 196-7, 225, 238-9, 267 Montessori, Maria 24-5, 162n.49 moral being (of a child) 143-4, 157 defective 8, 117-18, 147, 154-8 development 6-7, 42-5,47-8, 90-1,109,145, 156-7 hygiene 162-3 panic 143-4 statistics 141-3 see ako correction, moral (ispravlenie) moral-juridical (realm, frames) 5,117,139-40, 161-2 Moscow Department of Public Education (MONO) 225, 231-3, 238Ո.79 Moscow Institute of Psychology (MPI) 67-8, 92-5, 102-3, 123, 172-3 see ako State Institute of Experimental Psychology Moscow Pedagogical Assembly 102,127-8,138 Moscow Psycho-Neurological Institute (MPNI) 176 Moscow State Pedagogical University (2nd Moscow State University) 165Ո.66, 199, 236nn.64,67 its Institute of Scientific Pedagogy 165n.66,
236ՈՈ.64,67 291 Moscow (State) University 45-7, 92-3, 96-7, 102Ո.87, 127-8, 138, 172-3, 190Ո.17 Moscow Testological Society 234-5 Moscow Women’s Pedagogical Courses 125Ո.39 mother, motherhood 10, 13-15, 23, 41, 47-9, 49Ո.40, 53, 57-63, 61/, 65-9, 71-2, 124Ո.37 motor skills, reactions, intelligence 72-3, 163Ո.54, 223, 233-4, 236n.67 Münsterberg, Hugo ІОЗп.93 Museum of Pedology and Pedagogy of Exceptional Childhood 159, 161-2, 225-6 Na putiakh к novot shkole (On the Path to the New School) 182-3,208 nanny 44-6, 57-8 Narkompros (Commissariat of Enlightenment) 33-4, 40, 151-2, 158-9, 164Ո.63, 167-8, 170, 176-9, 182-3, 186-9, 196,200,202,204-8,212-13,220-2,224-5, 231-2, 236-42, 244-9, 251, 253-4, 258-9 Narkomput (Commissariat of Transport) 204-205, 225 Narkomzdrav (Commissariat of Healthcare) 66n.lll, 138, 151-2, 156-9, 164-6, 201-2, 204-6, 238-41, 253n.l26 nation, national 3-4, 8-10, 20-2, 106 nationalism (in science) 20 Natorp, Paul 103n.93 natural experiment 87-8, 130-1, 199 nature (of child, development, humans) 6-9, 44-5, 54, 75-6, 195-6 nature and nurture 6-7, 42-3, 75-6, 193 naukovedenie (science studies) 256-7 Nazi 252-3 Nechaev, A. P. 22, 28, 83-8, 9ІП.46, 93-103, 105Ո.98, 111, 12ІП.28, 122-3, 126-8, 130-1, 159, 165Ո.66, 198-9, 225Ո.18, 237Ո.73, 264-5 Nechaevism (nechaevshchina) lOln.84 Nechaevites ЮЗп.90 Neo-Kantian 84 neurology, neurologist, neurological 75, 102, 109, 111, 117, 126-8, 130, 173-4, 255-6 see ako psycho-neurology neurophysiology 91, 180-1, 219-20 neuropsychiatry 12, 70, 91, 93n.53, 117, 126-7, 130-1, 134-5, 180-1, 242, 261 see ako psychiatry
neuroscience 7, 40, 75-6, 168, 183, 255-7 see ako brain-science; neurology neuspeshnosť, neuspevaemosť see underperformance New Economic Policy (NEP) 153, 169-70
292 INDEX new human being, Man, people 8-9, 185 New Soviet person, 36, 147-8 Neznamov, E. A. Ill Nietzsche, Friedrich 109 Nizhnii Novgorod (Gorky) 124, 204n.74, 220Ո.6, 254Ո.129 normative crisis 140-6, 155 normativity 4-5, 115n.6, 266, 268 nursery 7ІП.130,108, 244Ո.103 lab-nursery 72-3 see aiso kindergarten nurture 2-3, 6-7, 9-10, 14-15, 42-4, 42, 48-9, 50, 57, 75-6, 193 see aho nature; vospitanie nutrition 16, 106-7, 163, 239 see aho diet; feeding objective (knowledge, laws, measurement, norms, observation) 4, 44-5, 60, 69, 73-5, 82, 88-9, 222-4, 229, 231, 266 objective psychology 70, 76-7, 91, 100-1,180-2 see aho Bekhterev, V. M. objectivity, objectivism 10, 68-70, 88-9, 127, 19ІП.25, 198-200 pedologists-objectivists 234-5, 262 Obolenskii, L. E. 100 obrazovanie (education, ‘formation’) 42-3 obshchee obrazovanie (general education) 81 observation (as method) 6-7, 10, 13, 23-4, 42, 44-9,52-3,56,60,61/, 62-3,63n.89,65-78, 8ІП.13, 86-8, 92-3, 117,121-2, 126-7, 137-8, 145, 177-8, 199, 205,226-7 self-observation 45, 92-3 occupational intermediaries 56, 183 odarennosť (giftedness, intelligence) 223, 232-3, 235 motornaia odarennosť (motor intelligence) 233-4 Osipova, V. N. 181-2 ontogenesis, ontogenetic 2-3, 6, 9-10, 52, 54, 127, 192-3 opportunity structure 27-8, 151-4 Orel 170Ո.73 organism, organic 9-10, 15-16, 48, 73-5, 78, 137, 139-40, 142-3, 193-4, 195n.38, 198, 202, 206Ո.80 organic impairment 117-18, 126, 162, 164 Orshanskii, L. G. Ill, 124n,37, 13ІП.59 orthopaedics (as therapeutic model) 110, 162, 164 orthopaedic pedagogy (ortopedicheskaia pedagogika) 162 psycho-
orthopaedics (psikhicheskaia ortopediia) 110, 162 otherness, of the child 10, 143 of the Soviet Union 36 ozdorovlenie (becoming, making healthy) 138-40, 161-3, 202 paediatrics, paediatrician 12-16, 24Ո.54,48n.33, 49Ո.42,71-2,78Ո.2,85Ո.26,109,219,255-6 parent circles 64 parent diaries see diary parental authority 44-5, 57 parenthood 48-9, 69-70 Parents’ Circle (St Petersburg) 62-5, 83n.20 partiinost (party loyalty) 33, 211, 213 Party, the 32-5, 37, 40, 173-4, 177-8, 201-3, 207-8, 210-17, 219-20, 244-50, 253-4, 257-9, 262-3 its Central Committee 211-13, 245Ո.108, 246n.H0, 248-9 see aho anti-pedology decree; Bolshevik party-state 19, 31, 36-7, 256, 262-3 pathologization 15, 122, 136-7, 140-6, 155 Pavlov, I. P. 40, 75Ո.139, 180-3 Pavlovian 180-1, 183 peasant, peasantry 167n.68 childcare 58 children 29, 155, 168-9, 203Ո.71, 238-9, 258, 267 nanny 57-8 Pedagogical Academy (St Petersburg) 85-90, 88Ո.36,102, 109, 123, 132 pedagogical anthropology 50-1,104, 260-2 Pedagogical Museum (St Petersburg) 62-4, 83-4, 95-6,100-1,109,122,165Ո.66, 182Ո.105,198 its Pedology Section 84-6, 109, 198 pedagogical neglect 116, 118, 228 pedagogical pathology 131-3 pedagogical psychology 24-5,51-2,54,85,91,96, 97f 98/, 99-101,123,127-8,171-2,198-9 pedagogical thought, theory 35, 37-8, 50, 59, 80-1, 100-1, 105, 244Ո.102, 261 Pedagogicheskii listok (Pedagogical Bulletin) 48 Pedagogicheskii sborník (Pedagogical Compendium) 48 pédagogie expériencée 24-5, 199n.52 pedagogy, Marxist 212, 215-16, 251-2 new 24-5, 101-2, 119 scientific 82-90, 95-6, 100-1, 110, 164-6, 166/, 183, 190Ո.17, 201, 220n.9, 236Ո.64
social (sotsial naia pedagogika) 164 socialist 212 Soviet 244Ո.102, 254 see aho correctional pedagogy, curative pedagogy
INDEX Pedologda (journal) 206-7, 207n.85, 208, 209Ո.92,210, 212-13,215, 216ո.119, 240-1 pedologization (of the school) 237, 242-3 Pedology Institute (post-revolutionary; Petrograd/Leningrad) 165n.66, 170n.73, 238Ո.79, 247 Pedology Institute (pre-revolutionary, St Petersburg; PI) 70-2, 73/, 75-6, 87, 100-1, 165n. 66, 181-2 pedology service 33-4, 40, 200, 217, 222-4, 238-47, 249-50, 252-3, 254Ո.131 pedotechnics 23-4, 197 Pérez, Bernard 2ІП.47, 52-3 Perkin, Harold 1-3 Persigout, Gabriel 24n.53 person, personality, personhood (lichnosť) 42-3,51-2,88,119-20,138-40,157,161-3, 175, 177-9, 208-9, 210Ո.95, 224, 235-6 Pestalozzi, Johan Heinrich 6-7 philanthropy, philanthropists 20-1, 72n.l31, 82, 85-7, 134-6, 151 philosophy (university) 13, 44-7, 80n.ll, 83-4, 90-1, 93-4, 95Ո.60, 96, 103-5, 109 photography 72-3 phylogenesis 9-10, 192-3 physical development 2-7, 15-16, 18, 42-3, 49-50, 82, 118-19, 135-6, 163-4, 206n.80, 226Ո.24, 238-9, 266 education, culture 16, 106-7, 164n.63 harm 43-4 hygiene 135-7, 139-40,158-9, 161-3 health, well-being 10-11,108-9, 117, 154-5 norms 195 nurture, care 49-50 pathology, defect, anomaly 5-6, 11-12, 56, 110,114-15,117, 150, 156-7,159, 162, 239 properties, constitution (of child) 11, 51-2, 111, 169, 226-7 therapy 164 physiology 3-4, 7, 11, 13, 23-4, 45n.20, 46-8, 50-2, 72-5, 80-1, 8ІП.13, 85, 92-3, 100-1, 107-11, 126, 172Ո.78,173-4, 180, 190-1, 206Ո.80, 210-11, 216, 219, 255-6, 266 Piaget, Jean 22n.49 Pinkevich, A. P. 183, 228Ո.31 Pirogov, N. I. 41-2 plasticity (child, human) 195, 210n.95 Pokrovskii, E. A. 78n.2 Politburo 245-8 polytechnic education
166-7 population of concern 151, 155, 164-6, 267 positivism, positivist 4-5, 7, 92n.52, 103-5 Postovskaia, M. P. 124n.36 Postovskii, N. P. 124Ո.36 Povarnin, K. I. 71-2, 73ƒ 293 power, Bolshevik 30, 37, 147-9, 152, 155-6, 169-70, 266 bureaucratic 120-1 diagnostic 114-15, 120-1, 132-4 ideological 207-8 juridical 44-5, 57 normative 45 parental 43-5, 57, 63-4 professional 17, 63-4, 120, 264 relations 13-14, 18-19, 79, 120-1, 264 state 3-4, 43-4, 149, 204, 265-6 therapeutic 133-4 Pravda 201nn.59,64, 218, 244-5, 252-3, 256 preschool 13-14, 42-3, 52-4, 56-7, 59, 62-4, 67Ո.116, 76-7, 116, 177-9, 181-2, 190n.l8, 232-3, 244-5 see also Society for Preschool Education Preyer, Wilhelm (William) Thierry 52n.47, 53-4, 62-3, 65-6, 69 ‘problem’ child(ren) 9, 33-4, 137-8, 227, 239, 243 profession, quasi- 57, 67 professional dynamics (inter, cross, multi-) 17-20, 39, 133-4, 136-7, 264 hierarchies 13-14, 17-19, 50-6, 62-3, 86, 89-90 jurisdictions 14, 18-19, 49-50, 53, 64, 104-5, 109-11,119 professional society 1-3, 263 professionalism 1-2, 12-13, 16 professionalization 1-2,12-14,26, 56-7,59n.69, 70Ո.127, 76-7, 80Ո.8, 105, 110, 134-5, 150, 198, 221-2 proforientatsiia, profotbor (career orientation) 160, 234, 241, 251 progressive education, reform, progressivism 3-4, 7-8, 30-1, 76, 83, 90, 114, 116, 147-8, 150, 155-6, 167, 186-7, 196, 208, 213, 224-5, 228-9 proletariat, proletarian 166-9, 196, 203n.69, 248-9 prophylaxis (profilaktika), prophylactic 16, 110, 139-40, 175-7, 241 school prophylactic clinics (shkol nye profilakticheskie ambulatorii) 238-9 prostitution 154 pseudoscience 33-5, 252-3,
258, 262-3 psyche, soul 13, 18, 48-51, 54, 67, 90, 92-3, 110-11, 113, 126-7, 130, 143-6, 157Ո.27, 173-5, 177, 218 see abo mind psychiatrists lln.25,14,16,18,49n.40, 54,84-5, 96,102,106Ո.102, 110-11, 113-15,117-18, 124Ո.37, 125-8, 130-3, 135-8, 143Ո.98, 144, 155-7, 159-60, 173, 175-6, 256
294 INDEX psychiatry, psychiatric 1, 5, 16, 27-8,110, 117, 126-8, 134-6, 138, 141-3, 157, 159-60, 173-4, 180, 182, 255-6 see aho neuropsychiatry psychoanalysis 3-4, 30, 37-8, 40, 173-9,181, 191-2,195, 214, 216-17 psychology, child 60, 102, 125Ո.39, 254n.l29, 256-7, 260-1 developmental 22n.49, 90, 255-7 educational 1, 21-2, 25-6, 35-8, 84-6, 105, 122-3, 128Ո.52, 251-2 empirical (opytnaia psikhologiia) 46-8, 180 experimental 13, 24-5, 39-40, 78, 83-5, 92-100, 102-4, 117, 122-3, 126-8, 172-3, 199, 211, 219-20 Gestalt 30 instrument kit (kollektsiia priborov) 95-6, 127-8 labs see laboratory objective see objective psychology pedagogical see pedagogical psychology theoretical (umozritel naia psikhologiia) 46-7 psychologist-experimenters (psikhologieksperimentatory) 93-6 psychometrics 3-6, lln.25, 19-20, 23-4, 86-7, 111-12, 115-17, 120-7, 169, 203Ո.71, 214-15, 220-2, 225, 230, 235-6, 238-40, 242, 255-6, 262 Psycho-Neurological Institute (PNI) 27-8,70-2, 87-90,102,102Ո.89,109,123,124Ո.37,132, 160, 16ІП.37, 179-82 Psycho-Neurological Academy (PNA) 160-1, 165Ո.66, 206Ո.81 psycho-neurology, psycho-neurological sciences (psikhonevrologicheskie nauki) 73-5, 100-1,171-2, 176, 181, 201-2 First Psycho-Neurology Congress (Moscow, 1923) 157Ո.27,170Ո.73,171-2, 175, 203 Second Psycho-Neurology Congress (Petrograd, 1924) 156-7, 171-2, 174Ո.83, 175, 179-82, 203, 209Ո.90 psychopathology, mental illness 85,108-12,117, 126-8,130, 135-6, 142, 155-6, 160, 173, 175-6, 250-1 psikhonevrotiki (the mentally ill) 222-3,250-1 psycho-pedagogical (diagnostics, monitoring, research) 86-7, 93, 126-7, 262
psychotechnics 196-9, 198Ո.50, 211, 214, 216, 234, 252Ո.123, 262 puériculture 15 race, racial 6, 20-1, 169-70, 194-5, 236-7, 258 racial science (Nazi) 252-3 racist 214-15 Radin, E. P. 164n.63 rational education, upbringing, pedagogy, welfare 2-3, 8, 23-4, 26-7, 49-50, 52, 56, 58-9, 77f 80n.ll, 107, 114, 137-8, 148-9, 152-3, 189-90, 196-7, 208, 241-2, 267 rationality (of science) 1-2, 8, 168 Realschule 121 recapitulation (theory) 9-10 reflex 47Ո.30, 75-6, 147-8, 180-4 reflexology 40, 174-5, 179-84, 191-2, 195-7, 203, 206Ո.81, 209Ո.92, 212Ո.102,213-14, 216-17, 220Ո.11,235 genetic/developmental 181-4 pedagogical 179-84,198-9 reform of education, educational reformism 41-2, 59, 64, 80, 150, 164-6, 166/, 168, 177-9,182-3, 186-9, 196, 207-8, 212-14, 231, 260, 266-7 regression 8 rehabilitation, of children 136-7, 150,154-8, 163-4, 167 of pedology 35, 258-60 reification (of pedology as science) 39, 262-3,268 repressed science (repressirovannaia nauka) 37, 40, 257-8, 262-3 reproduction (biological, social, cultural) 2-3, 9, 42-3, 45-6, 57, 143 of the scientific field 171 retardation 118, 125-6, 125n.39, 134-5, 137-8, 218, 222-3, 228 see aho backwardness revolution, 1905 114, 120, 140-2, 145-6 Bolshevik 6,30-1,112,147-55,157-8,160-2, 164-6, 168-9, 175-6, 181-2,189-90, 195-6, 198-200, 225, 230, 237, 264-5 cultural 32n,72, 207-8 from above 207-11 revolutionary society 147-51,169-71, 174-5, 266 revolutionization, of the field of education 150, 164-70, 187, 219-20, 224 of the scientific field 40, 153-4, 170-5, 197Ո.45, 209-10 rhetoric, rhetorical 8, 16, 18, 32, 58-9, 95, 104, 107-8,
118-20, 130-1, 144, 147-8, 162-3, 175,189, 194-6, 214-15, 259-60, 262-4 Rossolimo, G. I. 102, 117, 125Ո.39, 128, 129f 130-1, 134-5, 159 Rossolimo’s ‘psychological profile’ test, method 128-31, 129f 232-3, 236n.65 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 6-7, 9-10 Rozental , T. К. 175-6 Rubinshtein, M. M. 144-5
INDEX rural (population, communities) 58, 150,166-7, 167Ո.68 rural schools 207-8 Rusk, Robert R. 24n.55 Russian Psychoanalytic Society 177-8 Russian Soviet Federated Soviet Republic (RSFSR) 205-6, 231-2, 238-41 Russkaia shkola (The Russian School) 62-3, 65Ո.103, 81-2, 101, 145Ո.108 Russo-Japanese War (1904-5) 113-14 Rybakov, F. E. 127-8 Rybníkov, N. А. 66Ո.107, 67-9, 76-7, 102-3, 155Ո.16, 159, 169Ո.70, 170Ո.73, 204-6, 21 In.99, 261 samokritika (autocritique, self-criticism) 33-5, 215-16, 249 sanatorium, school-sanatorium 85, 87, 117-18, 132, 134, 137-40,159, 161-3, 206Ո.80 Shmidt, O. Iu. 176-7 Shmidt, V. F. 177 Shmidt, V. O. 177 school doctor 105-8, 110-12,117-18, 123-7, 132-3, 142, 222, 238-40, 239n.84, 240-1, 243, 249-50 School-Sanatorium for Defective Children 117-18, 138-9, 159, 161-2 see aho Kashchenko V. P. science (nauka), foreign, bourgeois 33, 175, 213, 219-20, 252-3 normal 171 non-scientists 12 state science 32,40,187-8,200-9,212,220-1, 262-3 scientific work 30, 84-5, 153, 185, 201, 209-10, 219, 265-6 scientificity 94-5, 101,104, 262 scientist (ad).) 7, 95 scientization 3-4, 6-7, 12-13, 16, 50-2 temple of (khram nauki) 81-3, 94-5 see aho rationality (of science) Sechenov, I. M. 47Ո.30, 75, 91 Second World War 246n.l09, 268 Semashko, N. A. 202, 206Ո.80 Semeinoe vospitanie (Family Upbringing) 60, 64 Sem ia і shkola (Family and School) 48 sensorial, sensory 72-3, 85, 162n.49, 163-4, 163Ո.54 sexual anomalies, behaviour, development, sexuality 5, 106-7, 178, 246 Shatskii, S. T. 18, 25n.56, 111, 129/ 166/, 167, 177-9, 23ІП.41 Shchelovanov, N. M. 165n.66, 181-2 295
Shelaputin Institute 104n.95 Shtilerman, A. 259 Shubert, A. M. 115-16, 233, 236n.67 Shul gin, V. N. 207Ո.85 Sigismund, Berthold 48-9 Sikorskaia, E. I. 138n.80 Sikorskaia, O. I. 138n.80 Sikorskii, І. А. 138Ո.80 Simon, Théodore 1 ln.25 Simonovich, A. S. 52-3, 59 Simonovich, Ia. M. 52-3 socialism, socialist 19, 30-2, 147-8, 157-8, 170, 189-90, 202, 208, 210, 212, 214-15, 254 socialization 2, 10-11, 13-16, 18-20, 26, 29, 42-5, 56-7, 69-70, 115, 134, 140, 152-3, 160, 162-3, 261, 267-8 re-socialization, re-education (perevospitanie) 135-6, 138-9, 154-5 Society for Experimental Pedagogy 101 see aho experimental pedagogy Society for Preschool Education 76 see aho preschool Society for the Protection of Public Health 106-7, 123-4, 141 Sokolov, N. 68-9 Sommer, Robert 127Ո.45 Sovetskaia pedagogika (Soviet Pedagogy) 254 see aho pedagogy, Soviet ‘Soviet child’ 169-70 see aho mass child Soviet child population 153-4, 164-6, 168-70, 258-9, 267-8 Sovietization (of child science) 32 Sovnarkom (Council of the People’s Commissars) 155-6, 240-1 Spain 25-6 special (needs) education 1, 13-14, 16, 25-6, 30, 37-8, 50,117-18, 133-5, 134Ո.64, 137, 158-60, 167, 255-6 see aho auxiliary classes and schools; special schools special schools 33-4, 40, 117-18, 132-3, 136-7, 160,16ІП.37,222-3,225, 228Ո.29,230,237, 240, 242-3, 246-51, 254n.l31 see aho auxiliary classes and schools speech (children’s, development of, impediments, therapy) 72-3, 85, 162 Spencer, Herbert 9-10, 54n,56 Stakhorskaia, M. P. 68-9 Stalin, I. V. 19, 33, 37, 177, 202n.65, 203Ո.69, 207-11, 213, 245-6, 251, 254, 257-9 de-Stalinization
34-5, 256-7 post-Stalin era 255n.3, 256-7
296 INDEX Stalin, I. V. (cont.) Stalinism, Stalinist 36, 257-60 Stalinization 210-11 Stalin, V. I. 177 State Academic Council (GUS), and its Scientific Pedagogical Section (NPS) 164-8,166/, 186, 201-2, 230Ո.37, 239Ո.83, 240Ո.86 GUS school programmes 167-8, 186, 188-9 State Institute of Experimental Psychology (GIEP) 172-3,199,211 see ako Moscow Institute of Psychology statistics, statistical 4-5, 7, 29,118-19, 126, 141-3, 154Ո.15, 194-5, 222-3, 225, 228-9, 231, 235-6, 266-8 Stern, Clara 65-6 Stem, Wilhelm 65-6, 69 streaming 2-3, 5-6, 23-4, 40, 123, 222, 228-30, 228Ո.29, 232-3, 237, 241-3, 245, 248-51, 267 subjectivity, in psychology 70, 198-9 of clinicians 126-7 of educators 104 of parents 60, 68-70 subnorm, subnormality 5, 113-16, 118, 162, 222-3, 267-8 suicide 110, 120, 140-6, 155, 175-6 Sully, James 23n.52 surveys, questionnaires 5, 11, 13, 23-4, 28-9, 102-3, 111, 118-19, 169, 205, 214-15, 241-2, 247-9, 261 svobodnoe vospitanie (‘free education’ movement) 24-5, 167 Switzerland, Swiss 3, 6-7, 22, 27-8, 59, 85-6 synthesis 19, 40, 50-1, 188-93, 197, 264 Taine, Hippolyte 2ІП.47, 52-3 teenagers 106-7, 120, 160, 256-7 see ako adolescents teleology 2-4, 192-3, 265 Termán, Lewis lln.25 territory (disciplinary, occupational, professional) 3-4, 11-16, 18-19, 23-5, 27-8,51,56,103-5,108-9,122,131-2,153, 171-2,180, 216, 264 testologists 232Ո.46, 236 textbooks, manuals (in childcare, hygiene, pedagogy, psychology, pedology, defectology) 15-16,33-4,41,47-9,49n.40, 51-2,54, 56Ո.60, 60Ո.75,62-3,67Ո.116,69, 91, 94Ո.57, 96-7, 103n.90, 134-5,182-3, 188-92, 197-200, 205Ո.77, 219, 232n.45,
237-8, 244-5, 251-2, 262-3 Thaw, the 35 therapy, therapeutics, treatment (lechenie) 3-4, 9, 16,18, 39-40, 85,117Ո.14, 133-5, 137-40, 145-6, 150-64, 174-5, 227Ո.26, 255-6 Tiedemann, Dietrich 6-7 Tiflis (Tbilisi) 64 toddler, toddlerhood 48n.33, 53, 57, 68-9, 76-7, 168 Tolstoi, D. A. 43n.ll, 79-80 Tolstoi, L. N. 9-10 Tolstoyan 24-5, 167 totalitarianism 36 translation 28,47-8,47n.30,48-9,49n.40, 52-4, 56Ո.60, 62-3, 64Ո.93, 65-6, 134, 176, 183, 232-3 transnational 20-34, 268 trauma, traumatic 8, 49-50, 142-6, 149-50, 157-9, 163-4, 174-6 Trotskit, L. D. 147-8, 181 Troshin, G. Ia. 113 Uchitel (Teacher) 48-9 Ukraine 124Ո.37, 145n.l08, 183, 201, 208-9, 24ІП.93, 244Ո.102 underperformance (malouspeshnosť, neuspeshnosť, neuspevaemosť) 40, ПО, 113, 143, 221-2, 224-30, 245, 256 underperformer (malouspevaiushchii, neuspevaiushchii), the underperforming 33, 138, 203n.71, 226-8, 240, 243-4, 247, 254n.l31 see ako uspeshnosť United States of America (USA), North America, American 3, 11-12, lln.25, 16n.34, 20-1, 20Ո.45, 22-3, 25-6,28, 30, 32, 36, 63, 81-3, 85-6, 90,121, 167, 230, 232-6 universal child 29 education 147-8,164-6, 187, 228, 233-4, 267 norms 90, 115-16, 170, 230-1 universalism, universalizing 20-1, 30-2 urbanization 113-14 Ushinskii, K. D. 50-1, 84, 101, 198, 260-1 uspeshnosť, uspevaemosť (achievement, performance at school) 223, 227,230-3, 244-5 utopian 7-9, 36-7, 75-6 Vasileiskii, S. M. 204Ո.74, 232Ո.46, 254n,129 Veselovskaia, K. P. 189-90 Vessel , N. Kh. 48
INDEX Vestnik vospitaniia (Herald of Education) 63, 78n.2, 81-2, 121 Vilenkina, R. G. 212, 214 Vinogradov, N. D. 104n.95 Virenius, A. S. 106-8, 110 Vladimirskii, A. V. 110-11, 124n.37, 13ІП.59, 132Ո.61 Vodovozova, E. N. 59 Vodovozov, V. I. 59 Volga region 154, 225Ո.18 Vologda 124 Voprosy izucheniia і vospitaniia lichnosti (Questions of the Research and Education of Personality) 160, 206n.81 Voprosy psikhologit (Questions of Psychology) 259 Voroshilov, K. E. 245-6 vospitanie (upbringing) 39-52, 54-62, 65-6, 75-6,133-4, 139-40, 162-3, 202 nauka o vospitanii, nauka vospitaniia (science of upbringing) 44-6, 47Ո.30, 50-2, 57, 60, 84-5, 212Ո.104 voprosy vospitaniia (questions of upbringing) 49-50 perevospitanie (re-socialization, re-education) 135-6, 138-9 vospitatel (educator) 44-6, 135-6, 161 vospitatel nitsa (kindergarten caregiver) 44, 57, 71-2 medsestra-vospitatel nitsa (nurse-educator) 164n.63 mat -vospitatel nitsa (mother-educator) 66-7 Vospitanie і obuchenie (Upbringingand Instruction) 48, 63, 65 VSNKh (Supreme Soviet of the National Economy) 241 Vvedenskii, A. I. 83-4 Vygotskii, L. S. 37-8, 159, 164, 165Ո.66, 177-8, 181, 185, 189-93, 199n.52, 206, 214, 235, 253-4, 256-7, 259 Vygotskian 36-7 297 war (effect on the child) 140-1, 143-6 Warner, Francis 23n.52 Warsaw 109-10, 121, 134-5 welfare 2, 17-21, 26-7, 30, 113-14, 147-8, 154-5, 170, 196-7, 267-8 welfare state 1-2, 151, 153, 168-9, 174-5 welfare/warfare state 3, 25-6, 118-19, 149, 263 West, the 27, 33, 36-7, 84, 127-8, 152-3, 169, 189-90, 216, 236, 252-3, 267 Western 3-4, 22Ո.49, 27, 30, 36-7, 134, 189Ո.16, 193Ո.31,
214, 262 Westernized 29, 42 see ako Europe; United States of America wet-nurse 44-6, 57-8 woman, women 13-14, 27-8, 41, 56, 56n.60, 57-60, 67, 88-9 woman doctor (zhenshchina vrach) 27-8, 49Ո.40, 59 see ako female; femininity Women’s Medical Institute 182Ո.105 Woody, Clifford 230 Wundt, Wilhelm 92-3 Wundtian 172 Zalkind, A. B. 173-4, 188n.7, 191-6, 201, 203, 206, 208-12, 214, 216, 235-6, 239Ո.83, 240Ո.86, 244Ո.103, 253-4 Zaluzhnyi, A. S. 208-9, 214 Zankov, L. V. 235Ո.62 Zaporozhets, A. V. 235n.62 Zaretskii, M. I. 234n.57 zemstvo ІОбп.99, 138 Zhdanov, A. A. 246-51 Zhuk, V. N. 47-8, 58-9, 62-3, 67 Zhurnal dlia vospitaniia (Journal of Upbringing) 48 Zimin, V. T. 72Ո.131, 76n.l42 Zürich 175-6 zvezdochka (star diagram) 88, 89f Bayerische SUseábibílothek München
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Contents Preface List of Figures List of Abbreviations 1. Introduction: Sciences of the Child in Transnational Perspective ix xix xxi 1 2. The Upbringing of Man: Of Nurture and Nature 41 3. Pedagogy as Science: Across Professions and Disciplines 78 4. The Imperfect Child: Between Diagnostics and Therapeutics 113 5. Child Science in Revolution: From Trauma to Transformation 147 6. The Making of Pedology: Science and the State 185 7. Pedology at Work Instrument and Occupation 218 8. Conclusion: The Afterlife of a ‘Repressed Science’ 255 Bibliography Index 269 285
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Index Note: Figures are indicated by an italic f ’ following the page number. For the benefit of digital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g., 52-53) may, on occasion, appear on only one of those pages. aberrations 115, 142 Academy of Communist Education 232-3,237-8 adolescents 1, 13 see abo teenagers adult, adulthood 8-10,12,18,133,143,145, 234 advice (expert) 13-16, 46n.26, 47-50, 54, 60, 62-3, 64Ո.96, 66-7, 131-2, 241-3 Agapitov, N. N. 11-12 alcoholism 110-11 Aleksinskii, M. A. 247-8 Alexander II, tsar 27 amateur 13, 76-7, 97-8, 191-2 anatomy 85, 190-1 animals 9-Ю, 54n.56, 121, 145, 172-3, 194, 197 anthropology 1, 7, 9-10, 23n.50, 50-2, 80, 192-3, 198, 260-2 see abo pedagogical anthropology; criminal anthropology anthropometries 3-5, 7,10-11, 16, 20-1, 23-4, 28-30, 72-3, 86-7, 107-8, 123-6, 142,169, 205, 214-15, 220-2, 239Ո.84, 241-2 anthropotechnics 197n.44 anti-pedology decree (1936) 33-5, 37, 245nn.107-8, 248-50, 252-5, 257-8 Antonovich, M. A. 47Ո.30 Ariamov, I. A. 182-3 assessment (educational, medical, psychological, pedological) 2-3, 11, 19-20, 23-4, 86-8, 113, 115-26, 132-3, 137-8, 152-5,167-9, 220-7, 228Ո.29, 229-31,237-9, 241-2, 245, 248-9, 258-9 see abo exams; diagnosis Astrakhan 64 Australia 28 Austria-Hungary 23n.51 authority (of science, medicine, experts, professions) 1-2, 15, 49-50, 71-2, 76-7, 88-90, 94, 96-7, 99, 103-4, 107, 120-2, 173-4,191-2, 211-12, 215, 219, 243-4, 266 autocracy, autocratic state 27,68,79,114,120,140 auxiliary classes and schools (vspomogatel'nye klassy і shkoly) 124-6, 134, 136-8, 222, 228, 242-3 see abo special schools
backwardness (otstalosť) 31-2, 58, 247-8, 258, 265-6 mental 222-3, 225-6, 233-4 ethical 156-7 see abo retardation Bain, Alexander 52-3 Baku 121-2 Baitalon, Ts. P. 64 bandwagon 40, 265 Basov, M. Ia. 165n.66, 170n.73,199-200, 212, 216Ո.119, 253-4 Basov, V. N. 170Ո.73 behaviour 15, 45-6, 72-6, 114, 153, 177-9 correction, regulation of 107, 163, 244-5, 247 non-standard, deviant, pathological 5, 16, 110-11,113-15, 117-18, 132, 135-8, 144-5,149-50, 154,160-2,177, 226, 245-6 observation, study 9-10, 36, 52, 71-2, 87-8, 172, 187,189-90,199, 210-11,216-17, 246 parental 15, 57 psycho-hygienic (of defectologists) 161-2 symbolic 72-3 Bekhterev, V. M. 40, 70-7, 87-8, 91, 97-8, 98/, 100-1, 102Ո.89, 124Ո.37, 132Ո.61, 134-5, 135Ո.70, 160, 16ІП.37, 165Ո.66, 170Ո.73, 172, 175-6, 179-84, 201-2, 206Ո.81, 213, 264-5 Bekhterevian 180-1, 183 Bekhterevism 213 Bekhtereva, N. P. 70-1 Belgium, Belgian 3, 22, 25n.56, 85-6, 233 Bernshtein, A. N. 98/, 102, 117,126-8, 138, 176 Bernshtein, M. S. 234Ո.57 besprizorniki 149-50, 153-8, 167-9, 175-6, 225-6, 267 besprizomosť 40,150,155-9,161-2,164-6,225-6 Binet, Alfred lln.25, 100, 121, 162n.49, 228-9 Binet tests lln.25, 115-16, 121, 232-3, 235Ո.62 Binet Society (Paris) 234-5 biogenetic law 9-10 see abo Haeckel, Ernst biogeneticism (vs. sociogeneticism) 193-6, 217
286 INDEX biophysiological 173-4, 203-4, 215-16 biopolitics 1-6, 265 biopsychosocial 2-3, 14-15, 23-4, 114-15, 130-1, 147-8, 166-7, 174, 186-7, 194-7, 200, 219, 267 biosocial determinism 249, 252-3, 258 development 6, 193-4 group 114, 193-4 reproduction 9, 42-3 black box, black-boxing 219-24, 243-5, 247 Blonskii, P. P. 147, 155n.l7, 165Ո.66, 166/, 167Ո.68, 172, 177-9, 188-9, 191-7, 20ІП.63, 206, 214, 216-17, 222, 226-9, 232-5, 237-9, 237Ո.72, 253-4 Blum, Eugène 24Ո.53 Blumenau, L. V. 85n.26, 109-10 body (vs. mind, soul) 18, 45-6, 110-11,137-9 body politic 3-4,18,31-2 Bolshevik, Bolsheviks 6, 30-2, 36-7, 147-54, 156-8, 165Ո.65,166-71, 173,175-6, 181, 183, 195-6, 208-9, 211, 228, 257-9, 266-7, see ako Party, the; power, Bolshevik; revolution, Bolshevik Boltunov, A. P. 232-3 boundaries (professional, disciplinary) 14, 17, 19-20, 62-3, 69-70, 73-5, 92-3, 104, 110-111, 118, 125-6, 130-3, 143Ո.100, 163-4, 201, 264-6 boundary-work 18, 264 Brain Institute 175-6, 179-84, 206n.81, 213, 220n.ll brain-science 91 see ako neuroscience Britain, British 3, lln.25, 22, 23n.52, 24n,55,28, 52-3, 63, 85-6, 232-3 Bubnov, A. S. 208, 246, 248-51, 253-4 Bukharin, N. I. 147-8, 167Ո.68, 198, 202-3, 213 Bulgaria 25-6 bureaucracy, bureaucratic, bureaucrats 10-11, 17,19-21,27,33,42,63-4,79,88-9,107-8, 112,120-3, 140-2, 154-5, 178, 186, 204-6, 211-12, 263 Burt, Cyril lln.25 Buyse, Raymond 25n.56 Canguilhem, Georges 4-5 Central Interdepartmental Pedology Commission 241-2 Central Pedological Institute (Moscow) 67, 102Ո.89, 165Ո.66, 170Ո.73, 230 charitable shelters 95, 117-18, 134-8 Chelpanov, G. I. 92-4,
96-7, 98f 102-3, 105Ո.98, 129-30, 172-3 Chernov, D. I. 48-9 childcare 11-12, 20-1, 23-4, 27-8,42-3, 47-8, 56-9, 62-3, 70Ո.127, 76, 95, 147-8, 152-3, 159, 178-80, 187, 196-7, 205, 206Ո.80, 207, 260 childcare guru 15-16, 54, 58-9, 62-3, 75-6 child-centrism 3-4, 8, 167, 217, 220-1, 260-1 child-rearing 13-15, 54, 59, 76 child study (practice, movement) 1, 13-14, 20Ո.45, 23-7, 36-7, 39-40, 52-7, 65-6, 69-71, 82, 84, 96, 100, 102-3, 115, 117, 138Ո.80, 144-5, 151, 160-1, 170, 175-6, 198 childhood 2-3, 9-10,143Ո.100,194, 240, 258-9 anthropology of 1, 23n,50, 261 early 15-16, 76-7, 100-1 illnesses, pathologies 14-15, 47-8, 113-14 institutions 4-5 normativization of 3-4 militarization of 144-5 pathologization of 140-6 politicization of 3-4 romanticization of 8, 144 sciences of 4-6, 10, 68-9 Soviet 37-8 exceptional, difficult 157, 161-2, 225-6 childhood studies 261-2 children of the nation, ‘our children’ 114,140-1, 155,157-8, 218 children’s arts and crafts 24-5, 72-3, 138-9, 144-5, 162-3 drawing 72-3, 144-5, 177 essays, writing 23-4, 121, 144-5, 230 games 85, 144-5, 162-3, 177 ideals, interests, understandings 5,144-5, 208, 214-15, 223, 230 reading 144-5,230,232-3 superstitions 65,110,132 children’s homes (Soviet) 154-5, 159, 16ІП.41, 178, 225-6, 249-50 Chrisman, Oscar 23n.50 citizen, citizenship, citizenry 2-3, 9-10, 41-2, 79, 147-8, 157-8, 254, 267 civil society 27, 113-14 civil war (revolutionary) 40,112,145-6,149-50, 153-5, 170, 174-6, 245-6 civilization, civilizational, civilizing 2,8-10, 29-30, 133, 145-6, 154-5 mission civilisatrice 58 Claparède, Edouard 24n.54 classification
(of children) 2-3, 9,119-20, 125-7, 141-2 clinical (observation, assessment, diagnostics) 5, 14, 108-9, 117-18,125-8, 130-1, 158-9, 203, 237-40, 255-6, 266
INDEX cognitive development 266 fiinctions, abilities 72-3,87-8,117-20,123-4, 128,168-9,205,223, 226, 230,234 impairment, underdevelopment 117-18, 123, 160, 162, 222-3, 250-1 tests 13, 28-9, 83-4, 93, 195, 225-7, 228Ո.29, 239 Cold War 36 collaboration 17-21, 28, 78, 108-9, 152, 158-9, 205-6, 264 collective (of children) 168, 177-8, 189-90, 203Ո.71, 208-9, 212Ո.102, 248-9 collectivism 2, 6, 166-7, 170, 175, 208-9 Commissions for Juvenile Affairs 155-7 communism, communist society 30-1, 154-5, 196-7, 216 Communist (Party, regime), Communists 30, 33-5, 37, 155, 256-8 compensation (kompensatsiia) 164 Comte, Auguste 7 correction, defectological (korrektsiia) 113, 161-4, 255-6 corrective pedagogy (korrektsionnaia pedagogika) 161-2 of personality (korrektsiia lichnosti) 162 social (sotsial'naia korrektsiia) 163 correction, moral (ispravlenie) 3-4, 9, 133-7, 154-7, 161-2 correctional facility (ispravitel'noe zavedenie) 50, 134-6, 138-9, 172-3 Crimean War 27, 41-2, 268 crime (juvenile) 110,135-6 criminology, criminologists 1, 5, 14, 16, 24n.54, 84-5, 93Ո.53, 136 criminal anthropology 136, 141-2, 155-6 cultural-historical (development, school) 170, 192-3 see also Vygotskii, L. S. cure, curative 133-4, 139-40 see abo therapy curative pedagogy (lechebnaia pedagogika) 133-40, 150, 161-2, 164 see abo defectology Darwin, Charles 7, 2ІП.47, 52-3, 54n.56, 69 deaf, the 117 deaf-and-blind 135-6 Deborin, A. M. 21 In. 100 defect, defective, defectiveness (defektivnosť) 3-4, 8, 39-40, 110, 113, 117-18, 132-4, 134Ո.66, 138, 143, 147, 150,154-66, 177, 203Ո.71, 225-6, 232-3, 267 defectology
(defektologiia), defectologist (defektolog) 35, 38, 150, 153-4, 158-64, 203, 206Ո.81, 218, 242, 255-7, 260-1 287 deficiency 5-6, 116-18, 127, 130, 226, 239 degeneration (vyrozhdenie) 7, 15, 45-6, 75-6, 109-10, 113-14, 137-8, 141-3 Delianov, I. D. 79 delinquency, delinquent 3-4, 37-8, 40, 65, 95, 117-18,132, 134-6, 143, 150, 154-7, 160 see abo besprizornosť Dernova-Iarmolenko, A. A. 60,61f, 67,182n.l05 de Sanctis, Sante 124n.36 Detskii Obsledovatel'skii Institut (DOBI) 160, 162-3, 175-6, 232-3 Detskii sad (.Kindergarten) 48, 52-3 deviance, deviant 5, 113-15, 142, 145-6, 150, 157-8, 160, 266 deviation, ideological 211-12,214,253 normative 4-5, 108, 112, 115, 126, 135-6, 222-3, 261, 266 Dewey, John 24-5, 167 diagnosis, diagnostics 5, 16,18-20,23-4, 39-40, 47-8, 51-2, 82, 108-9, 112, 114-19, 123, 125-34, 136-43, 145-6, 150-3, 155-60, 162, 169, 175-6, 222-3, 225-7, 232-4, 237-239, 248-9, 251, 255-6, 262, 266-8 diary 52-3, 60, 61/, 62-3, 65-70, 72-3, 75-6, 135Ո.67, 177 diet 137-9 see abo feeding nutrition difference (of class, ethnicity, race, gender) 6, 31-2, 208-9, 222 difficult child (trudnyi rebenok), difficult to educate (trudnovospituemyi) 113,132-6, 138, 140, 149-50, 157-8, 162, 203n.71, 222-3, 226, 241-5, 250-1 see abo ‘problem’ child(ren) discipline (of behaviour), disciplined, indiscipline, disciplinarian 9-10, 49-50, 58-9,62-4,134,138-42,154-5,157,167-8, 183-4, 186, 212-13, 222, 225, 227, 241-3, 245-51, 254 discipline (scientific), (inter/multi) disciplinarity 1-2, 6, 12-13, 15-20, 23-7, 33-5,39,50-1,70,79-83,91-5,103-5,107, 131-2, 141-2, 152-4, 171-4, 185, 187-92,
197-9, 204, 205Ո.77, 209-12, 216, 242, 255-261, 263-6, 268 disciplining (political) 33, 40, 211-17, 216n.ll9, 219, 247, 247Ո.112, 253-4 distortions (ideological) 211-12, 211n.99, 212Ո.102, 253-4 see abo anti-pedology decree; izvrashcheniia dose, dosing (dozirovka) 138-9, 163 Doshkol'noe vospitanie (Preschool Upbringing) 64 Dril', D. А. 85Ո.26, 136, 155-6 dysfbnction 123, 127
288 INDEX eclectic, eclecticism 23-5, ЗО, 58-9, 75-6, 133, 156-7,174, 191-2, 19ІП.25, 203-4, 214 educated classes, stratum 26-7, 44-6, 48, 57-9, 63-4, 75-6, 113-14, 120-1, 140-1, 155 see also middle classes education reform see reform of education see abo progressive education educational research 28, 37-8, 67n.ll6 educationalist 13-14, 24-5, 30, 95, 143-4, 187, 256, 261 Ekaterinburg 64 Ekaterinodar 124 El'konin, D. B. 256-7 empire, Russian 26-32, 39-42, 43n.ll, 79, 81-2, 96, 113-14, 118-23, 140-1, 143, 145, 171, 198, 267 Enlightenment, the 6-7, 9-10, 42, 47-8 Entsiklopediia semeinogo vospitaniia і obucheniia ( The Encyclopaedia of Family Upbringing and Education) 63 environment, the 8 of an organism 75 social 5, 70, 99-100, 153n.l3, 157-8, 162-9, 171, 177-8, 193-4, 202, 214, 220-2, 239 epidemic 114-16, 120, 140-1, 143-4, 157-8, 161-2, 225-6 epistemic 18-20, 171, 174, 179-81, 187-8, 190-1,194-5, 200-2, 208-12, 253,257,264 epistemology 4-5, 31-2, 70, 92-5, 171-2, 175, 179-80, 185, 191, 192Ո.26, 194-6, 208-11, 214-17, 235-6 Erisman, F. F. 106n.l02 Ermakov, I. D. 176-8 ethnic, difference 9, 20-1, 118-19, 169-70, 208-9,214-15 minorities 29, 208, 235-6, 236n.67, 238-9, 258, 267 eugenics 2-3, 7, 9, 15, 75-6, 147-8, 193n.30, 197Ո.44, 219Ո.5, 259 Europe, European 11-12, 19-22, 25-6, 28-30, 70-1, 80n.ll, 113-14, 235 Western Europe, West European 83, 152-3 evolution (biological) 7, 9-10, 12, 52, 54n.56, 72-3,143, 175, 192-3 exams 49-50,64Ո.96,85,116,120-3,142,224,231 exhibitions 67Ո.116, 95, 106-7, 20ІП.63 experience, experiential knowledge 60,67,82,104 experimental lesson 87-8 see
abo natural experiment experimental pedagogy 21-2, 24-6, 38n.87, 99-105,109, 123, 127-8, 128n.52, 165Ո.66, 170-2, 198, 199Ո.52 see abo Society for Experimental Pedagogy Ezhegodnik eksperimental'noi pedagogiki (Yearbook of Experimental Pedagogy) 101 family 2, 5, 10, 33, 51, 59-60, 63-5, 70, 76, 113, 124Ո.36,125, 127, 138-40, 142-3, 162-3, 221-2, 226-7, 229, 245-9, 254, 267 famine, hunger 154, 157 father 44, 57, 66, 68-9 feebleminded 136 feeding 15-16, 43-4, 182 see abo diet; nutrition female (education, professionals, work) 13-15, 27-8, 49Ո.40, 57-60, 66-7, 71-2, 76-7, 80-1, 105Ո.98, 134-5, 177-8 femininity 27-8, 57, 60, 68-9 Feofanov, M. P. 216 First All-Russian Conference for the Struggle with Child Defectiveness (1921) 157 First All-Russian Congress on Matters of Family Upbringing (1912-13) 49n.42, 65, 76 First All-Union Congress in the Study of Human Behaviour(1930) 210-11 First All-Union Pedology Congress (1927-28) 185,200-2,204-5,207,210,237-8,240Ո.86 First Experimental Station in Public Education 164-6 First Five-Year Plan (1928-32) 32, 170, 206-11, 215Ո.116 First Moscow Conference for the Struggle with Besprizomost' (1924) 157-8 First World War 3, lln.25, 19-21, 24-6, 36-7, 113-14, 118-19, 140,143-4, 152-4 Fon-Ern, A. 121-2 Foucault, Michel 3-4, 44 France, French 3, lln.25, 15, 20n,46, 22, 24-5, 24Ո.53, 29, 85-6, 121, 233 Free Economic Society 47-8, 56n.60 Freud, Sigmund 147, 176 Freudian 40,177 Freudo-Marxism 175 Fröbel, Friedrich 24-5, 59 Fröbel kindergartens 76 Frunze, T. M. 245-6 Frunze, M. V. 245-6 Galton, Francis 23n.52 Gaupp, Robert Eugen 65-6 Gavrilova, N. I.
68 Gellershtein, S. G. 234Ո.57 genetics 193Ո.30, 259-60 see abo medical genetics German, Germany 3, 6-7, 13, 20n.46, 2ІП.47, 22-3,25-6,28-9, 32,47-8,54,59,76,83-6, 86Ո.31, 93, 106Ո.102, 121, 124, 127Ո.45, 131-2, 134Ո.64, 233 Glavnauka 178, 205-6 Glavsotsvos 178 Goddard, Henry H. 1 ln.25
INDEX Gordon, G. I. 141 Gorinevskii, V. V. Ill Gorky see Nizhnii Novgorod Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo (GIZ) 157 Graborov, A. N. 160-2 Gracheva, E. K. 134-5 Great Reforms 27, 41-2, 47-8, 50, 79, 106, 134 post-reform era 28, 45-6, 57-8 Greece 25-6 Greek, Ancient 23 Green, John Alfred 24n.55 Griboedov, A. S. 98f 134-135, 160 Grot, N. Ia. 78, 90-1 growth (physical) 7, 10-11 Grum-Grzhmailo, K. I. 41, 47-8, 56n.60 Gundobin, N. P. 85Ո.26, 109 Gurevich, M. O. 159 Haeckel, Ernst 9-10, 54n.56 Hall, Granville Stanley 20n.45, 84, 144-5 hardening practices 106-7 healthcare 2, 17-18, 26-7, 30, 56n.60, 114, 147-8, 151-2, 170, 179-80, 196-7, 206Ո.80 health monitoring 11, 20-1, 105-6, 108, 123-4, 135-7, 220-1, 238-9 see ako medical assessment Henri, Victor 100 heredity (nasledstvennosť) 6, 10, 45-6, 110-11, 118, 125, 137-8, 142, 163-4, 193-4 Herzen State Pedagogical Institute 160-1, 199, 232-3 heterogeneity 1, 17-21, 23-4, 39, 45, 90, 115, 134, 153, 185, 204, 263-5 Higher Women’s Courses 85-6, 165n.66 Historical-Philological Institutes 80 Historical-Philological Faculties 91 historiography 32n.71, 34-7, 39-40,189n.l6,193 Holt, L. Emmett 16n.34 hooliganism 142n.96, 245-6 House of Teachers (Uchitel'skii dom) 67,102-3, 165Ո.66 House of the Study of the Child (Dom izucheniia rebenka) 159 Hufeland, Christoph Wilhelm 47-8, 56n,60 humanity, humankind, human race 2-3, 7, 9-10, 20, 30-1, 41-5, 75-6, 108-9, 145-8, 152, 174, 179-80, 192-3, 195-6 human material, human capital 9, 259-60 hygiene (school, mental, moral, physical, social) 3-4, 10-12, 15-16, 21-2, 26-7, 47-51, 54, 56Ո.60, 60, 65, 67, 80-1,
8ІП.13, 85-7, 105-8, 110-12, 118-20, 135-7, 139-142, 154-5, 158-9, 161-3, 182, 239 289 ideology 3, 9, 30, 147-8 Igniat'ev, P. N. Ill illness 14-15, 72-3, 108-11, 132-3,163-4, 239, 255-6 impairment (narushenie) 117-18,126,160,162, 222-3, 255-6 imperfection 5, 39-40, 113-19, 140, 174 index (body) 20-1 industrialization 3, 8, 113-14, 182-4, 196, 208 infancy, infant 1, 13-16, 18, 41, 45-6, 47n.30, 48-50, 53-4, 56-7, 68-9, 75-7, 164Ո.63, 181-2 innocence (in children) 8-9, 145 innovation 7, 11-13, 16-18, 20, 22-6, 29-30, 36-7, 39, 59, 75-6, 82-3, 88-9, 99-100, 102Ո.89,103-4,121,126-7,134-5,139-40, 150, 153-4, 161-2, 167, 169, 171, 173, 183-4, 186-7, 191-2, 208-10, 219, 264-265, 268 instrument(s) 1-4, lln.25,17,30, 32-4,69,73-5, 82-3,85,115-16,119-21,125-30,161,171, 173-6,187,19ІП.25, 208,216,218-19, 222-6, 229,235,237,242,247-9, 264-5 instrumentalization 70, 219, 266 integration (of pedology) 19-20, 26-7, 183-91, 192Ո.26,196, 200-1, 20ІП.60, 202-6, 210, 219-21, 243, 265 intellectual development 2, 5-6, 10-11, 24-5, 42-3, 233-4, 259-60 intelligentsia, professional intelligentsia 27, 29, 30, 41-2, 114, 118-19, 120,140, 143, 145-6 see ako educated classes; middle classes international, internationalism 6-7, lln.25, 20-3, 25-6, 28-32, 36-7, 42, 48-9, 52-3, 10ІП.80,115-16, 189 International Pedology Congress (Brussels, 1911) 21-2,28 intervention, interventionism 1-5, 9, 12, 15, 17, 19, 31, 39, 112, 114-15, 118-19, 145-6, 149-53, 155-8, 168, 170, 203-4, 265-6 introspection (samonabliudenie) 46-7,70,92-3, 126-7 Iurkevich, P. D. 44-7 izvrashcheniia (distortions) 34-5,211-12, 256, 257 see
ako anti-pedology decree; distortion Judenkunde 23 Jugendfürsorge 23 Jung, Carl 176 Jews 54Ո.56, 88-9
290 INDEX Kaminskii, G. N. 248 Kapterev, P. F. 51-2, 54, 62-3 Kashchenko, P. P. 138 Kashchenko, V. P. 113, 117-18, 124Ո.36, 138-140, 159, 161-2, 167, 225-6 Kasso, L. A. 102Ո.87 Kazan' 64, 182n.l05 Key, Ellen 8 Kiev 54, 64, 96-7, 121-2,138,144n.l05 kharakteristika (profile) 87-8, 125, 130-1, 226-227, 241-2 Khlopin, G. V. 107-8, 141 Kinderforschung 23 kindergarten 13-14, 23, 38, 44, 52-3, 57, 59, 76, 95, 176-8, 219-20, 239, 249-50 Klein, Melanie 176 knowledge-power 3-4, 45, 151 knowledge-practices 51-2 Kolbanovskii, V. N. 216 Komamitskii, V. G. 109-10 Komsomol 186, 248 Kosarev, A. V. 248 Kornilov, K. N. 68, 102-3,172-3, 199-200, 211 Kovalevskii, P. I. 134-5 Krasnogorskii, N. I. 180-1 Krichevskaia, E. K. 66-8 Krupskaia, N. K. 147-8,166f, 167Ո.68,178-9, 182-3, 202, 208, 210Ո.95, 215-17, 217Ո.126, 251, 253 lab, laboratory 13, 21, 70-3, 75-6, 83-7, 92-8, 102-3, 111-12, 118-19, 121-2, 127-8, 138, 165Ո.66,176, 178, 182Ո.105, 196-7, 218, 230, 23ІП.42,232-3, 233n,53,237, 243, 25ІП.117 labour (trod) 150, 161-2, 166-7, 179-80, 198Ո.50, 233-4 colony 244Ո.102, 254Ո.132 creative (trudovoe tvorchestvo, tvorcheskii trod) 163 division of (professional) 2-3, 18, 66, 78, 104-5, 108-9 educational activities 177Ո.89 force 154-5, 166-7, 234, 267 pedology of 196Ո.42, 203n.71 psychology of 173 school (trodovaia shkola) 166-7, 188-9, 196, 233-4 therapy 137-8, 154-5, 163 Lange, N. N. 54, 62-3, 95n.60, 98/ Lay, Wilhelm August 24n.55 Lazurskii, A. F. 124n.37 Leclère, Albert 121 Leningradskaia Pravda 247 ‘Leninist guard’ 258-9 Lenskii, B. P. 53 Levonevskii, A. F. 65-8 lichnosť see person life
(biological, human, child's) 2-6,13-14, 41-2, 46-7, 52, 54, 56, 59, 68-9, 75, 167-168, 229 psychic 75, 78 life sciences 4-5 League of Education 85-6 Lunacharskii, A. V. 147-8, 167Ո.68, 185, 196Ո.41, 198, 200, 202, 208, 239-40 Luria, A. R. 214, 259 McMillan, Margaret 24-5 Makarenko, A. S. 218, 244n.l02, 254n.l32 Makarov, A. N. 83-5, 198 Maliarevskaia, E. Kh. 137-8 Maliarevskii, I. V. 50, 135-40 malosposobnosť (low ability) 116 Manasseina, Maria 59 Marxism, Marxist(s), Marxism-Leninism 30-1, 147,150,166-7,171-3,175-6,180,209-13, 21ІП.99, 215-17, 251-2 mass child (massovyi rebenok) 170, 216, 228, 267-8 see abo ‘Soviet child’ materialism 45n.20, 46-7, 88-9, 147-8, 198-200, 203-4, 210-11 dialectical (diamat) 172 medical assessment, check-ups, exams, monitoring, service 10-11, 15-16, 23-4, 86-7, 106-8, 118-19, 123-4, 137-8, 154-5, 221/ 222-3, 226Ո.24, 228Ո.28, 240 see ako health monitoring medical genetics 219 medicalization 50, 136 medico-pedagogical, medico-educational (establishment, supervision, treatment, task) 50, 137-40, 155-7, 159, 232-3 Medico-Pedagogical Station (MPS) 159, 161-3 Mediko-pedagogicheskii vestník (Medico-Pedagogical Herald) 50 mental age lln.25, 228-9, 232-3 meritocracy 2-3, 5-6, 222, 259-60 metaphor 2-3, 9, 14-15, 51-2, 108-9, 139-40, 162Ո.49, 163, 194, 215Ո.116 Meumann, Ernst 24n.55 middle classes, social middle, professional middle 1-2, 2, 3, 10, 12, 13-14, 16, 57-8, 69-70, 76, 141-2, 143 see abo educated classes; intelligentsia Military Medical Academy (St Petersburg) 71/, 73f 87-8
INDEX mind 45-6, 99-100, 137-9, 226, 235 Ministry of Finance 121 Ministry of Justice 136 Ministry of Public Enlightenment 70-1,80-2, 85-6,94,106-8,111-12,118-19,123-4,141 its Medico-Sanitary Section 107-8, 111, 123-4,141 the latter’s School Hygiene Laboratory 111-12, 118-19 Ministry of the Army 62, 83, 106, 122, 165Ո.66, 198 its Department of Military Education 62, 83, 165Ո.66 see also Pedagogical Museum (St Petersburg) minorities (ethnic, national) 2, 208, 235-6, 267 pedology of national minorities 208-9, 235 modern 1, 3-8, 10, 25-7, 29, 53, 58-9, 80n.ll, 95 modernity 2, 28-32, 113-14, 235 modernization 1-6, 27, 30, 32, 41-2, 57-8, 62, 79,183-4, 263 Molozhavyi, S. S. 165n.66,189-92, 193n.31, 194Ո.32, 214, 235-6, 253-4 monism 180, 193n.31 monitoring (of child development, health) 10-11, 15-16, 20-1, 23-4, 60, 71-2, 86-7, 105-6, 108, 111-12, 118-19, 123-4, 124Ո.37, 135-7, 196-7, 225, 238-9, 267 Montessori, Maria 24-5, 162n.49 moral being (of a child) 143-4, 157 defective 8, 117-18, 147, 154-8 development 6-7, 42-5,47-8, 90-1,109,145, 156-7 hygiene 162-3 panic 143-4 statistics 141-3 see ako correction, moral (ispravlenie) moral-juridical (realm, frames) 5,117,139-40, 161-2 Moscow Department of Public Education (MONO) 225, 231-3, 238Ո.79 Moscow Institute of Psychology (MPI) 67-8, 92-5, 102-3, 123, 172-3 see ako State Institute of Experimental Psychology Moscow Pedagogical Assembly 102,127-8,138 Moscow Psycho-Neurological Institute (MPNI) 176 Moscow State Pedagogical University (2nd Moscow State University) 165Ո.66, 199, 236nn.64,67 its Institute of Scientific Pedagogy 165n.66,
236ՈՈ.64,67 291 Moscow (State) University 45-7, 92-3, 96-7, 102Ո.87, 127-8, 138, 172-3, 190Ո.17 Moscow Testological Society 234-5 Moscow Women’s Pedagogical Courses 125Ո.39 mother, motherhood 10, 13-15, 23, 41, 47-9, 49Ո.40, 53, 57-63, 61/, 65-9, 71-2, 124Ո.37 motor skills, reactions, intelligence 72-3, 163Ո.54, 223, 233-4, 236n.67 Münsterberg, Hugo ІОЗп.93 Museum of Pedology and Pedagogy of Exceptional Childhood 159, 161-2, 225-6 Na putiakh к novot shkole (On the Path to the New School) 182-3,208 nanny 44-6, 57-8 Narkompros (Commissariat of Enlightenment) 33-4, 40, 151-2, 158-9, 164Ո.63, 167-8, 170, 176-9, 182-3, 186-9, 196,200,202,204-8,212-13,220-2,224-5, 231-2, 236-42, 244-9, 251, 253-4, 258-9 Narkomput' (Commissariat of Transport) 204-205, 225 Narkomzdrav (Commissariat of Healthcare) 66n.lll, 138, 151-2, 156-9, 164-6, 201-2, 204-6, 238-41, 253n.l26 nation, national 3-4, 8-10, 20-2, 106 nationalism (in science) 20 Natorp, Paul 103n.93 natural experiment 87-8, 130-1, 199 nature (of child, development, humans) 6-9, 44-5, 54, 75-6, 195-6 nature and nurture 6-7, 42-3, 75-6, 193 naukovedenie (science studies) 256-7 Nazi 252-3 Nechaev, A. P. 22, 28, 83-8, 9ІП.46, 93-103, 105Ո.98, 111, 12ІП.28, 122-3, 126-8, 130-1, 159, 165Ո.66, 198-9, 225Ո.18, 237Ո.73, 264-5 Nechaevism (nechaevshchina) lOln.84 Nechaevites ЮЗп.90 Neo-Kantian 84 neurology, neurologist, neurological 75, 102, 109, 111, 117, 126-8, 130, 173-4, 255-6 see ako psycho-neurology neurophysiology 91, 180-1, 219-20 neuropsychiatry 12, 70, 91, 93n.53, 117, 126-7, 130-1, 134-5, 180-1, 242, 261 see ako psychiatry
neuroscience 7, 40, 75-6, 168, 183, 255-7 see ako brain-science; neurology neuspeshnosť, neuspevaemosť see underperformance New Economic Policy (NEP) 153, 169-70
292 INDEX new human being, Man, people 8-9, 185 New Soviet person, 36, 147-8 Neznamov, E. A. Ill Nietzsche, Friedrich 109 Nizhnii Novgorod (Gorky) 124, 204n.74, 220Ո.6, 254Ո.129 normative crisis 140-6, 155 normativity 4-5, 115n.6, 266, 268 nursery 7ІП.130,108, 244Ո.103 lab-nursery 72-3 see aiso kindergarten nurture 2-3, 6-7, 9-10, 14-15, 42-4, 42, 48-9, 50, 57, 75-6, 193 see aho nature; vospitanie nutrition 16, 106-7, 163, 239 see aho diet; feeding objective (knowledge, laws, measurement, norms, observation) 4, 44-5, 60, 69, 73-5, 82, 88-9, 222-4, 229, 231, 266 objective psychology 70, 76-7, 91, 100-1,180-2 see aho Bekhterev, V. M. objectivity, objectivism 10, 68-70, 88-9, 127, 19ІП.25, 198-200 pedologists-objectivists 234-5, 262 Obolenskii, L. E. 100 obrazovanie (education, ‘formation’) 42-3 obshchee obrazovanie (general education) 81 observation (as method) 6-7, 10, 13, 23-4, 42, 44-9,52-3,56,60,61/, 62-3,63n.89,65-78, 8ІП.13, 86-8, 92-3, 117,121-2, 126-7, 137-8, 145, 177-8, 199, 205,226-7 self-observation 45, 92-3 occupational intermediaries 56, 183 odarennosť (giftedness, intelligence) 223, 232-3, 235 motornaia odarennosť (motor intelligence) 233-4 Osipova, V. N. 181-2 ontogenesis, ontogenetic 2-3, 6, 9-10, 52, 54, 127, 192-3 opportunity structure 27-8, 151-4 Orel 170Ո.73 organism, organic 9-10, 15-16, 48, 73-5, 78, 137, 139-40, 142-3, 193-4, 195n.38, 198, 202, 206Ո.80 organic impairment 117-18, 126, 162, 164 Orshanskii, L. G. Ill, 124n,37, 13ІП.59 orthopaedics (as therapeutic model) 110, 162, 164 orthopaedic pedagogy (ortopedicheskaia pedagogika) 162 psycho-
orthopaedics (psikhicheskaia ortopediia) 110, 162 otherness, of the child 10, 143 of the Soviet Union 36 ozdorovlenie (becoming, making healthy) 138-40, 161-3, 202 paediatrics, paediatrician 12-16, 24Ո.54,48n.33, 49Ո.42,71-2,78Ո.2,85Ո.26,109,219,255-6 parent circles 64 parent diaries see diary parental authority 44-5, 57 parenthood 48-9, 69-70 Parents’ Circle (St Petersburg) 62-5, 83n.20 partiinost' (party loyalty) 33, 211, 213 Party, the 32-5, 37, 40, 173-4, 177-8, 201-3, 207-8, 210-17, 219-20, 244-50, 253-4, 257-9, 262-3 its Central Committee 211-13, 245Ո.108, 246n.H0, 248-9 see aho anti-pedology decree; Bolshevik party-state 19, 31, 36-7, 256, 262-3 pathologization 15, 122, 136-7, 140-6, 155 Pavlov, I. P. 40, 75Ո.139, 180-3 Pavlovian 180-1, 183 peasant, peasantry 167n.68 childcare 58 children 29, 155, 168-9, 203Ո.71, 238-9, 258, 267 nanny 57-8 Pedagogical Academy (St Petersburg) 85-90, 88Ո.36,102, 109, 123, 132 pedagogical anthropology 50-1,104, 260-2 Pedagogical Museum (St Petersburg) 62-4, 83-4, 95-6,100-1,109,122,165Ո.66, 182Ո.105,198 its Pedology Section 84-6, 109, 198 pedagogical neglect 116, 118, 228 pedagogical pathology 131-3 pedagogical psychology 24-5,51-2,54,85,91,96, 97f 98/, 99-101,123,127-8,171-2,198-9 pedagogical thought, theory 35, 37-8, 50, 59, 80-1, 100-1, 105, 244Ո.102, 261 Pedagogicheskii listok (Pedagogical Bulletin) 48 Pedagogicheskii sborník (Pedagogical Compendium) 48 pédagogie expériencée 24-5, 199n.52 pedagogy, Marxist 212, 215-16, 251-2 new 24-5, 101-2, 119 scientific 82-90, 95-6, 100-1, 110, 164-6, 166/, 183, 190Ո.17, 201, 220n.9, 236Ո.64
social (sotsial'naia pedagogika) 164 socialist 212 Soviet 244Ո.102, 254 see aho correctional pedagogy, curative pedagogy
INDEX Pedologda (journal) 206-7, 207n.85, 208, 209Ո.92,210, 212-13,215, 216ո.119, 240-1 pedologization (of the school) 237, 242-3 Pedology Institute (post-revolutionary; Petrograd/Leningrad) 165n.66, 170n.73, 238Ո.79, 247 Pedology Institute (pre-revolutionary, St Petersburg; PI) 70-2, 73/, 75-6, 87, 100-1, 165n. 66, 181-2 pedology service 33-4, 40, 200, 217, 222-4, 238-47, 249-50, 252-3, 254Ո.131 pedotechnics 23-4, 197 Pérez, Bernard 2ІП.47, 52-3 Perkin, Harold 1-3 Persigout, Gabriel 24n.53 person, personality, personhood (lichnosť) 42-3,51-2,88,119-20,138-40,157,161-3, 175, 177-9, 208-9, 210Ո.95, 224, 235-6 Pestalozzi, Johan Heinrich 6-7 philanthropy, philanthropists 20-1, 72n.l31, 82, 85-7, 134-6, 151 philosophy (university) 13, 44-7, 80n.ll, 83-4, 90-1, 93-4, 95Ո.60, 96, 103-5, 109 photography 72-3 phylogenesis 9-10, 192-3 physical development 2-7, 15-16, 18, 42-3, 49-50, 82, 118-19, 135-6, 163-4, 206n.80, 226Ո.24, 238-9, 266 education, culture 16, 106-7, 164n.63 harm 43-4 hygiene 135-7, 139-40,158-9, 161-3 health, well-being 10-11,108-9, 117, 154-5 norms 195 nurture, care 49-50 pathology, defect, anomaly 5-6, 11-12, 56, 110,114-15,117, 150, 156-7,159, 162, 239 properties, constitution (of child) 11, 51-2, 111, 169, 226-7 therapy 164 physiology 3-4, 7, 11, 13, 23-4, 45n.20, 46-8, 50-2, 72-5, 80-1, 8ІП.13, 85, 92-3, 100-1, 107-11, 126, 172Ո.78,173-4, 180, 190-1, 206Ո.80, 210-11, 216, 219, 255-6, 266 Piaget, Jean 22n.49 Pinkevich, A. P. 183, 228Ո.31 Pirogov, N. I. 41-2 plasticity (child, human) 195, 210n.95 Pokrovskii, E. A. 78n.2 Politburo 245-8 polytechnic education
166-7 population of concern 151, 155, 164-6, 267 positivism, positivist 4-5, 7, 92n.52, 103-5 Postovskaia, M. P. 124n.36 Postovskii, N. P. 124Ո.36 Povarnin, K. I. 71-2, 73ƒ 293 power, Bolshevik 30, 37, 147-9, 152, 155-6, 169-70, 266 bureaucratic 120-1 diagnostic 114-15, 120-1, 132-4 ideological 207-8 juridical 44-5, 57 normative 45 parental 43-5, 57, 63-4 professional 17, 63-4, 120, 264 relations 13-14, 18-19, 79, 120-1, 264 state 3-4, 43-4, 149, 204, 265-6 therapeutic 133-4 Pravda 201nn.59,64, 218, 244-5, 252-3, 256 preschool 13-14, 42-3, 52-4, 56-7, 59, 62-4, 67Ո.116, 76-7, 116, 177-9, 181-2, 190n.l8, 232-3, 244-5 see also Society for Preschool Education Preyer, Wilhelm (William) Thierry 52n.47, 53-4, 62-3, 65-6, 69 ‘problem’ child(ren) 9, 33-4, 137-8, 227, 239, 243 profession, quasi- 57, 67 professional dynamics (inter, cross, multi-) 17-20, 39, 133-4, 136-7, 264 hierarchies 13-14, 17-19, 50-6, 62-3, 86, 89-90 jurisdictions 14, 18-19, 49-50, 53, 64, 104-5, 109-11,119 professional society 1-3, 263 professionalism 1-2, 12-13, 16 professionalization 1-2,12-14,26, 56-7,59n.69, 70Ո.127, 76-7, 80Ո.8, 105, 110, 134-5, 150, 198, 221-2 proforientatsiia, profotbor (career orientation) 160, 234, 241, 251 progressive education, reform, progressivism 3-4, 7-8, 30-1, 76, 83, 90, 114, 116, 147-8, 150, 155-6, 167, 186-7, 196, 208, 213, 224-5, 228-9 proletariat, proletarian 166-9, 196, 203n.69, 248-9 prophylaxis (profilaktika), prophylactic 16, 110, 139-40, 175-7, 241 school prophylactic clinics (shkol'nye profilakticheskie ambulatorii) 238-9 prostitution 154 pseudoscience 33-5, 252-3,
258, 262-3 psyche, soul 13, 18, 48-51, 54, 67, 90, 92-3, 110-11, 113, 126-7, 130, 143-6, 157Ո.27, 173-5, 177, 218 see abo mind psychiatrists lln.25,14,16,18,49n.40, 54,84-5, 96,102,106Ո.102, 110-11, 113-15,117-18, 124Ո.37, 125-8, 130-3, 135-8, 143Ո.98, 144, 155-7, 159-60, 173, 175-6, 256
294 INDEX psychiatry, psychiatric 1, 5, 16, 27-8,110, 117, 126-8, 134-6, 138, 141-3, 157, 159-60, 173-4, 180, 182, 255-6 see aho neuropsychiatry psychoanalysis 3-4, 30, 37-8, 40, 173-9,181, 191-2,195, 214, 216-17 psychology, child 60, 102, 125Ո.39, 254n.l29, 256-7, 260-1 developmental 22n.49, 90, 255-7 educational 1, 21-2, 25-6, 35-8, 84-6, 105, 122-3, 128Ո.52, 251-2 empirical (opytnaia psikhologiia) 46-8, 180 experimental 13, 24-5, 39-40, 78, 83-5, 92-100, 102-4, 117, 122-3, 126-8, 172-3, 199, 211, 219-20 Gestalt 30 instrument kit (kollektsiia priborov) 95-6, 127-8 labs see laboratory objective see objective psychology pedagogical see pedagogical psychology theoretical (umozritel'naia psikhologiia) 46-7 psychologist-experimenters (psikhologieksperimentatory) 93-6 psychometrics 3-6, lln.25, 19-20, 23-4, 86-7, 111-12, 115-17, 120-7, 169, 203Ո.71, 214-15, 220-2, 225, 230, 235-6, 238-40, 242, 255-6, 262 Psycho-Neurological Institute (PNI) 27-8,70-2, 87-90,102,102Ո.89,109,123,124Ո.37,132, 160, 16ІП.37, 179-82 Psycho-Neurological Academy (PNA) 160-1, 165Ո.66, 206Ո.81 psycho-neurology, psycho-neurological sciences (psikhonevrologicheskie nauki) 73-5, 100-1,171-2, 176, 181, 201-2 First Psycho-Neurology Congress (Moscow, 1923) 157Ո.27,170Ո.73,171-2, 175, 203 Second Psycho-Neurology Congress (Petrograd, 1924) 156-7, 171-2, 174Ո.83, 175, 179-82, 203, 209Ո.90 psychopathology, mental illness 85,108-12,117, 126-8,130, 135-6, 142, 155-6, 160, 173, 175-6, 250-1 psikhonevrotiki (the mentally ill) 222-3,250-1 psycho-pedagogical (diagnostics, monitoring, research) 86-7, 93, 126-7, 262
psychotechnics 196-9, 198Ո.50, 211, 214, 216, 234, 252Ո.123, 262 puériculture 15 race, racial 6, 20-1, 169-70, 194-5, 236-7, 258 racial science (Nazi) 252-3 racist 214-15 Radin, E. P. 164n.63 rational education, upbringing, pedagogy, welfare 2-3, 8, 23-4, 26-7, 49-50, 52, 56, 58-9, 77f 80n.ll, 107, 114, 137-8, 148-9, 152-3, 189-90, 196-7, 208, 241-2, 267 rationality (of science) 1-2, 8, 168 Realschule 121 recapitulation (theory) 9-10 reflex 47Ո.30, 75-6, 147-8, 180-4 reflexology 40, 174-5, 179-84, 191-2, 195-7, 203, 206Ո.81, 209Ո.92, 212Ո.102,213-14, 216-17, 220Ո.11,235 genetic/developmental 181-4 pedagogical 179-84,198-9 reform of education, educational reformism 41-2, 59, 64, 80, 150, 164-6, 166/, 168, 177-9,182-3, 186-9, 196, 207-8, 212-14, 231, 260, 266-7 regression 8 rehabilitation, of children 136-7, 150,154-8, 163-4, 167 of pedology 35, 258-60 reification (of pedology as science) 39, 262-3,268 repressed science (repressirovannaia nauka) 37, 40, 257-8, 262-3 reproduction (biological, social, cultural) 2-3, 9, 42-3, 45-6, 57, 143 of the scientific field 171 retardation 118, 125-6, 125n.39, 134-5, 137-8, 218, 222-3, 228 see aho backwardness revolution, 1905 114, 120, 140-2, 145-6 Bolshevik 6,30-1,112,147-55,157-8,160-2, 164-6, 168-9, 175-6, 181-2,189-90, 195-6, 198-200, 225, 230, 237, 264-5 cultural 32n,72, 207-8 from above 207-11 revolutionary society 147-51,169-71, 174-5, 266 revolutionization, of the field of education 150, 164-70, 187, 219-20, 224 of the scientific field 40, 153-4, 170-5, 197Ո.45, 209-10 rhetoric, rhetorical 8, 16, 18, 32, 58-9, 95, 104, 107-8,
118-20, 130-1, 144, 147-8, 162-3, 175,189, 194-6, 214-15, 259-60, 262-4 Rossolimo, G. I. 102, 117, 125Ո.39, 128, 129f 130-1, 134-5, 159 Rossolimo’s ‘psychological profile’ test, method 128-31, 129f 232-3, 236n.65 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 6-7, 9-10 Rozental', T. К. 175-6 Rubinshtein, M. M. 144-5
INDEX rural (population, communities) 58, 150,166-7, 167Ո.68 rural schools 207-8 Rusk, Robert R. 24n.55 Russian Psychoanalytic Society 177-8 Russian Soviet Federated Soviet Republic (RSFSR) 205-6, 231-2, 238-41 Russkaia shkola (The Russian School) 62-3, 65Ո.103, 81-2, 101, 145Ո.108 Russo-Japanese War (1904-5) 113-14 Rybakov, F. E. 127-8 Rybníkov, N. А. 66Ո.107, 67-9, 76-7, 102-3, 155Ո.16, 159, 169Ո.70, 170Ո.73, 204-6, 21 In.99, 261 samokritika (autocritique, self-criticism) 33-5, 215-16, 249 sanatorium, school-sanatorium 85, 87, 117-18, 132, 134, 137-40,159, 161-3, 206Ո.80 Shmidt, O. Iu. 176-7 Shmidt, V. F. 177 Shmidt, V. O. 177 school doctor 105-8, 110-12,117-18, 123-7, 132-3, 142, 222, 238-40, 239n.84, 240-1, 243, 249-50 School-Sanatorium for Defective Children 117-18, 138-9, 159, 161-2 see aho Kashchenko V. P. science (nauka), foreign, bourgeois 33, 175, 213, 219-20, 252-3 normal 171 non-scientists 12 state science 32,40,187-8,200-9,212,220-1, 262-3 scientific work 30, 84-5, 153, 185, 201, 209-10, 219, 265-6 scientificity 94-5, 101,104, 262 scientist (ad).) 7, 95 scientization 3-4, 6-7, 12-13, 16, 50-2 temple of (khram nauki) 81-3, 94-5 see aho rationality (of science) Sechenov, I. M. 47Ո.30, 75, 91 Second World War 246n.l09, 268 Semashko, N. A. 202, 206Ո.80 Semeinoe vospitanie (Family Upbringing) 60, 64 Sem'ia і shkola (Family and School) 48 sensorial, sensory 72-3, 85, 162n.49, 163-4, 163Ո.54 sexual anomalies, behaviour, development, sexuality 5, 106-7, 178, 246 Shatskii, S. T. 18, 25n.56, 111, 129/ 166/, 167, 177-9, 23ІП.41 Shchelovanov, N. M. 165n.66, 181-2 295
Shelaputin Institute 104n.95 Shtilerman, A. 259 Shubert, A. M. 115-16, 233, 236n.67 Shul'gin, V. N. 207Ո.85 Sigismund, Berthold 48-9 Sikorskaia, E. I. 138n.80 Sikorskaia, O. I. 138n.80 Sikorskii, І. А. 138Ո.80 Simon, Théodore 1 ln.25 Simonovich, A. S. 52-3, 59 Simonovich, Ia. M. 52-3 socialism, socialist 19, 30-2, 147-8, 157-8, 170, 189-90, 202, 208, 210, 212, 214-15, 254 socialization 2, 10-11, 13-16, 18-20, 26, 29, 42-5, 56-7, 69-70, 115, 134, 140, 152-3, 160, 162-3, 261, 267-8 re-socialization, re-education (perevospitanie) 135-6, 138-9, 154-5 Society for Experimental Pedagogy 101 see aho experimental pedagogy Society for Preschool Education 76 see aho preschool Society for the Protection of Public Health 106-7, 123-4, 141 Sokolov, N. 68-9 Sommer, Robert 127Ո.45 Sovetskaia pedagogika (Soviet Pedagogy) 254 see aho pedagogy, Soviet ‘Soviet child’ 169-70 see aho mass child Soviet child population 153-4, 164-6, 168-70, 258-9, 267-8 Sovietization (of child science) 32 Sovnarkom (Council of the People’s Commissars) 155-6, 240-1 Spain 25-6 special (needs) education 1, 13-14, 16, 25-6, 30, 37-8, 50,117-18, 133-5, 134Ո.64, 137, 158-60, 167, 255-6 see aho auxiliary classes and schools; special schools special schools 33-4, 40, 117-18, 132-3, 136-7, 160,16ІП.37,222-3,225, 228Ո.29,230,237, 240, 242-3, 246-51, 254n.l31 see aho auxiliary classes and schools speech (children’s, development of, impediments, therapy) 72-3, 85, 162 Spencer, Herbert 9-10, 54n,56 Stakhorskaia, M. P. 68-9 Stalin, I. V. 19, 33, 37, 177, 202n.65, 203Ո.69, 207-11, 213, 245-6, 251, 254, 257-9 de-Stalinization
34-5, 256-7 post-Stalin era 255n.3, 256-7
296 INDEX Stalin, I. V. (cont.) Stalinism, Stalinist 36, 257-60 Stalinization 210-11 Stalin, V. I. 177 State Academic Council (GUS), and its Scientific Pedagogical Section (NPS) 164-8,166/, 186, 201-2, 230Ո.37, 239Ո.83, 240Ո.86 GUS school programmes 167-8, 186, 188-9 State Institute of Experimental Psychology (GIEP) 172-3,199,211 see ako Moscow Institute of Psychology statistics, statistical 4-5, 7, 29,118-19, 126, 141-3, 154Ո.15, 194-5, 222-3, 225, 228-9, 231, 235-6, 266-8 Stern, Clara 65-6 Stem, Wilhelm 65-6, 69 streaming 2-3, 5-6, 23-4, 40, 123, 222, 228-30, 228Ո.29, 232-3, 237, 241-3, 245, 248-51, 267 subjectivity, in psychology 70, 198-9 of clinicians 126-7 of educators 104 of parents 60, 68-70 subnorm, subnormality 5, 113-16, 118, 162, 222-3, 267-8 suicide 110, 120, 140-6, 155, 175-6 Sully, James 23n.52 surveys, questionnaires 5, 11, 13, 23-4, 28-9, 102-3, 111, 118-19, 169, 205, 214-15, 241-2, 247-9, 261 svobodnoe vospitanie (‘free education’ movement) 24-5, 167 Switzerland, Swiss 3, 6-7, 22, 27-8, 59, 85-6 synthesis 19, 40, 50-1, 188-93, 197, 264 Taine, Hippolyte 2ІП.47, 52-3 teenagers 106-7, 120, 160, 256-7 see ako adolescents teleology 2-4, 192-3, 265 Termán, Lewis lln.25 territory (disciplinary, occupational, professional) 3-4, 11-16, 18-19, 23-5, 27-8,51,56,103-5,108-9,122,131-2,153, 171-2,180, 216, 264 testologists 232Ո.46, 236 textbooks, manuals (in childcare, hygiene, pedagogy, psychology, pedology, defectology) 15-16,33-4,41,47-9,49n.40, 51-2,54, 56Ո.60, 60Ո.75,62-3,67Ո.116,69, 91, 94Ո.57, 96-7, 103n.90, 134-5,182-3, 188-92, 197-200, 205Ո.77, 219, 232n.45,
237-8, 244-5, 251-2, 262-3 Thaw, the 35 therapy, therapeutics, treatment (lechenie) 3-4, 9, 16,18, 39-40, 85,117Ո.14, 133-5, 137-40, 145-6, 150-64, 174-5, 227Ո.26, 255-6 Tiedemann, Dietrich 6-7 Tiflis (Tbilisi) 64 toddler, toddlerhood 48n.33, 53, 57, 68-9, 76-7, 168 Tolstoi, D. A. 43n.ll, 79-80 Tolstoi, L. N. 9-10 Tolstoyan 24-5, 167 totalitarianism 36 translation 28,47-8,47n.30,48-9,49n.40, 52-4, 56Ո.60, 62-3, 64Ո.93, 65-6, 134, 176, 183, 232-3 transnational 20-34, 268 trauma, traumatic 8, 49-50, 142-6, 149-50, 157-9, 163-4, 174-6 Trotskit, L. D. 147-8, 181 Troshin, G. Ia. 113 Uchitel' (Teacher) 48-9 Ukraine 124Ո.37, 145n.l08, 183, 201, 208-9, 24ІП.93, 244Ո.102 underperformance (malouspeshnosť, neuspeshnosť, neuspevaemosť) 40, ПО, 113, 143, 221-2, 224-30, 245, 256 underperformer (malouspevaiushchii, neuspevaiushchii), the underperforming 33, 138, 203n.71, 226-8, 240, 243-4, 247, 254n.l31 see ako uspeshnosť United States of America (USA), North America, American 3, 11-12, lln.25, 16n.34, 20-1, 20Ո.45, 22-3, 25-6,28, 30, 32, 36, 63, 81-3, 85-6, 90,121, 167, 230, 232-6 universal child 29 education 147-8,164-6, 187, 228, 233-4, 267 norms 90, 115-16, 170, 230-1 universalism, universalizing 20-1, 30-2 urbanization 113-14 Ushinskii, K. D. 50-1, 84, 101, 198, 260-1 uspeshnosť, uspevaemosť (achievement, performance at school) 223, 227,230-3, 244-5 utopian 7-9, 36-7, 75-6 Vasileiskii, S. M. 204Ո.74, 232Ո.46, 254n,129 Veselovskaia, K. P. 189-90 Vessel', N. Kh. 48
INDEX Vestnik vospitaniia (Herald of Education) 63, 78n.2, 81-2, 121 Vilenkina, R. G. 212, 214 Vinogradov, N. D. 104n.95 Virenius, A. S. 106-8, 110 Vladimirskii, A. V. 110-11, 124n.37, 13ІП.59, 132Ո.61 Vodovozova, E. N. 59 Vodovozov, V. I. 59 Volga region 154, 225Ո.18 Vologda 124 Voprosy izucheniia і vospitaniia lichnosti (Questions of the Research and Education of Personality) 160, 206n.81 Voprosy psikhologit (Questions of Psychology) 259 Voroshilov, K. E. 245-6 vospitanie (upbringing) 39-52, 54-62, 65-6, 75-6,133-4, 139-40, 162-3, 202 nauka o vospitanii, nauka vospitaniia (science of upbringing) 44-6, 47Ո.30, 50-2, 57, 60, 84-5, 212Ո.104 voprosy vospitaniia (questions of upbringing) 49-50 perevospitanie (re-socialization, re-education) 135-6, 138-9 vospitatel' (educator) 44-6, 135-6, 161 vospitatel'nitsa (kindergarten caregiver) 44, 57, 71-2 medsestra-vospitatel'nitsa (nurse-educator) 164n.63 mat'-vospitatel'nitsa (mother-educator) 66-7 Vospitanie і obuchenie (Upbringingand Instruction) 48, 63, 65 VSNKh (Supreme Soviet of the National Economy) 241 Vvedenskii, A. I. 83-4 Vygotskii, L. S. 37-8, 159, 164, 165Ո.66, 177-8, 181, 185, 189-93, 199n.52, 206, 214, 235, 253-4, 256-7, 259 Vygotskian 36-7 297 war (effect on the child) 140-1, 143-6 Warner, Francis 23n.52 Warsaw 109-10, 121, 134-5 welfare 2, 17-21, 26-7, 30, 113-14, 147-8, 154-5, 170, 196-7, 267-8 welfare state 1-2, 151, 153, 168-9, 174-5 welfare/warfare state 3, 25-6, 118-19, 149, 263 West, the 27, 33, 36-7, 84, 127-8, 152-3, 169, 189-90, 216, 236, 252-3, 267 Western 3-4, 22Ո.49, 27, 30, 36-7, 134, 189Ո.16, 193Ո.31,
214, 262 Westernized 29, 42 see ako Europe; United States of America wet-nurse 44-6, 57-8 woman, women 13-14, 27-8, 41, 56, 56n.60, 57-60, 67, 88-9 woman doctor (zhenshchina vrach) 27-8, 49Ո.40, 59 see ako female; femininity Women’s Medical Institute 182Ո.105 Woody, Clifford 230 Wundt, Wilhelm 92-3 Wundtian 172 Zalkind, A. B. 173-4, 188n.7, 191-6, 201, 203, 206, 208-12, 214, 216, 235-6, 239Ո.83, 240Ո.86, 244Ո.103, 253-4 Zaluzhnyi, A. S. 208-9, 214 Zankov, L. V. 235Ո.62 Zaporozhets, A. V. 235n.62 Zaretskii, M. I. 234n.57 zemstvo ІОбп.99, 138 Zhdanov, A. A. 246-51 Zhuk, V. N. 47-8, 58-9, 62-3, 67 Zhurnal dlia vospitaniia (Journal of Upbringing) 48 Zimin, V. T. 72Ո.131, 76n.l42 Zürich 175-6 zvezdochka (star diagram) 88, 89f Bayerische SUseábibílothek München |
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| author | Byford, Andy 1972- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)137546769 |
| author_facet | Byford, Andy 1972- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Byford, Andy 1972- |
| author_variant | a b ab |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047681647 |
| classification_rvk | NN 1375 NW 8150 |
| contents | Introduction: Sciences of the Child in Transnational Perspective -- The Upbringing of Man: Of Nurture and Nature -- Pedagogy as Science: Across Disciplines and Professions -- The Imperfect Child: Between Diagnostics and Therapeutics -- Child Science in Revolution: From Trauma to Transformation -- The Making of Pedology: Science and the State -- Pedology at Work: Instrument and Occupation -- Conclusion : The Afterlife of a 'Repressed Science' |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1192966966 (DE-599)BVBBV047681647 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| edition | First edition |
| era | Geschichte 1880-1939 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1880-1939 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>05220nam a2200697 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV047681647</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20220621 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">220115s2020 a||| b||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780198825050</subfield><subfield code="c">hardback</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-19-882505-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1192966966</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV047681647</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Re13</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NN 1375</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)126546:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NW 8150</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)132307:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Byford, Andy</subfield><subfield code="d">1972-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)137546769</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Science of the child in late imperial and early Soviet Russia</subfield><subfield code="c">Andy Byford</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">First edition</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Oxford</subfield><subfield code="b">Oxford University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xxiii, 297 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Diagramme (schwarz-weiß)</subfield><subfield code="c">24 cm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Introduction: Sciences of the Child in Transnational Perspective -- The Upbringing of Man: Of Nurture and Nature -- Pedagogy as Science: Across Disciplines and Professions -- The Imperfect Child: Between Diagnostics and Therapeutics -- Child Science in Revolution: From Trauma to Transformation -- The Making of Pedology: Science and the State -- Pedology at Work: Instrument and Occupation -- Conclusion : The Afterlife of a 'Repressed Science'</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Between the 1880s and the 1930s, children became the focus of unprecedented scientific and professional interest in modernizing societies worldwide, including in the Russian Empire and then the Soviet Union. Those who claimed children as special objects of investigation were initially spread across a network of imperfectly professionalized scholarly and occupational groups based mostly in the fields of medicine, education, and psychology. From their various perspectives, they made ambitious claims about the contributions that their emergent expertise made to the understanding of, and intervention in, human bio-psycho-social development. The international movement that arose out of this catalyzed the institutionalization of new domains of knowledge, including developmental and educational psychology, special needs education, and child psychiatry. Science of the Child charts the evolution of the child science movement in Russia from the Crimean War to the Second World War. It is the first comprehensive history in English of the rise and fall of this multidisciplinary field across the late Imperial and Soviet periods. 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| id | DE-604.BV047681647 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:55:46Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:19:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780198825050 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033065720 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-11 |
| physical | xxiii, 297 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme (schwarz-weiß) 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220429 |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateSearch | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Byford, Andy 1972- Verfasser (DE-588)137546769 aut Science of the child in late imperial and early Soviet Russia Andy Byford First edition Oxford Oxford University Press 2020 xxiii, 297 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme (schwarz-weiß) 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Introduction: Sciences of the Child in Transnational Perspective -- The Upbringing of Man: Of Nurture and Nature -- Pedagogy as Science: Across Disciplines and Professions -- The Imperfect Child: Between Diagnostics and Therapeutics -- Child Science in Revolution: From Trauma to Transformation -- The Making of Pedology: Science and the State -- Pedology at Work: Instrument and Occupation -- Conclusion : The Afterlife of a 'Repressed Science' "Between the 1880s and the 1930s, children became the focus of unprecedented scientific and professional interest in modernizing societies worldwide, including in the Russian Empire and then the Soviet Union. Those who claimed children as special objects of investigation were initially spread across a network of imperfectly professionalized scholarly and occupational groups based mostly in the fields of medicine, education, and psychology. From their various perspectives, they made ambitious claims about the contributions that their emergent expertise made to the understanding of, and intervention in, human bio-psycho-social development. The international movement that arose out of this catalyzed the institutionalization of new domains of knowledge, including developmental and educational psychology, special needs education, and child psychiatry. Science of the Child charts the evolution of the child science movement in Russia from the Crimean War to the Second World War. It is the first comprehensive history in English of the rise and fall of this multidisciplinary field across the late Imperial and Soviet periods. Drawing on ideas and concepts emanating from a variety of theoretical domains, the study provides new insights into the concerns of Russia's professional intelligentsia with matters of biosocial reproduction and investigates the incorporation of scientific knowledge and professional expertise focused on child development into the making of the welfare/warfare state in the rapidly changing political landscape of the early Soviet era." -- From publisher's website Geschichte 1880-1939 gnd rswk-swf Kindheitsforschung (DE-588)4394008-0 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Children / Research / Russia / History Children / Research / Soviet Union / History Children / Research Russia Soviet Union Enfants / Recherche / Russie / Histoire Enfants / Recherche / URSS / Histoire History Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Kindheitsforschung (DE-588)4394008-0 s Geschichte 1880-1939 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-186373-8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033065720&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033065720&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033065720&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Byford, Andy 1972- Science of the child in late imperial and early Soviet Russia Introduction: Sciences of the Child in Transnational Perspective -- The Upbringing of Man: Of Nurture and Nature -- Pedagogy as Science: Across Disciplines and Professions -- The Imperfect Child: Between Diagnostics and Therapeutics -- Child Science in Revolution: From Trauma to Transformation -- The Making of Pedology: Science and the State -- Pedology at Work: Instrument and Occupation -- Conclusion : The Afterlife of a 'Repressed Science' Kindheitsforschung (DE-588)4394008-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4394008-0 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4077548-3 |
| title | Science of the child in late imperial and early Soviet Russia |
| title_auth | Science of the child in late imperial and early Soviet Russia |
| title_exact_search | Science of the child in late imperial and early Soviet Russia |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Science of the child in late imperial and early Soviet Russia |
| title_full | Science of the child in late imperial and early Soviet Russia Andy Byford |
| title_fullStr | Science of the child in late imperial and early Soviet Russia Andy Byford |
| title_full_unstemmed | Science of the child in late imperial and early Soviet Russia Andy Byford |
| title_short | Science of the child in late imperial and early Soviet Russia |
| title_sort | science of the child in late imperial and early soviet russia |
| topic | Kindheitsforschung (DE-588)4394008-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kindheitsforschung Russland Sowjetunion |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033065720&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033065720&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033065720&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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