Evolution of a taboo: pigs and people in the Ancient Near East
"From their domestication to their taboo, the role of pigs in the ancient Near East is one of the most complicated topics in archaeology. Rejecting monocausal explanations, this book adopts an evolutionary approach and uses zooarchaeology and texts to unravel the cultural significance of swine...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Oxford University Press
[2020]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | "From their domestication to their taboo, the role of pigs in the ancient Near East is one of the most complicated topics in archaeology. Rejecting monocausal explanations, this book adopts an evolutionary approach and uses zooarchaeology and texts to unravel the cultural significance of swine from the Paleolithic to today. Five major themes emerge: The domestication of the pig from wild boar in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, the unique roles that pigs developed in agricultural economies before and after the development of complex societies, the raising of swine in cities, the shifting ritual roles of pigs, and the formation and development of the pork taboo in Judaism and, later, Islam. The development of this taboo has inspired much academic debate. I argue that the well-known taboo described in Leviticus reflects the intention of the Biblical writers to develop an image of a glorious pastoral ancestry for a heroic Israelite past, something they achieved by tying together existing food traditions. These included a taboo on pigs, which was developed early in the Iron Age during conflicts between Israelites and Philistines and was revitalized by the Biblical writers. The taboo persisted and mutated, gaining strength over the next two and a half millennia. In particular, the pig taboo became a point of contention in the ethno-political struggles between Jewish and Greco-Roman cultures in the Levant. Ultimately, it was this continued evolution within the context of ethnic and religious politics that gave the pig taboo the strength it has today"-- |
| Beschreibung: | xvi, 312 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780197543276 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a "From their domestication to their taboo, the role of pigs in the ancient Near East is one of the most complicated topics in archaeology. Rejecting monocausal explanations, this book adopts an evolutionary approach and uses zooarchaeology and texts to unravel the cultural significance of swine from the Paleolithic to today. Five major themes emerge: The domestication of the pig from wild boar in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, the unique roles that pigs developed in agricultural economies before and after the development of complex societies, the raising of swine in cities, the shifting ritual roles of pigs, and the formation and development of the pork taboo in Judaism and, later, Islam. The development of this taboo has inspired much academic debate. I argue that the well-known taboo described in Leviticus reflects the intention of the Biblical writers to develop an image of a glorious pastoral ancestry for a heroic Israelite past, something they achieved by tying together existing food traditions. These included a taboo on pigs, which was developed early in the Iron Age during conflicts between Israelites and Philistines and was revitalized by the Biblical writers. The taboo persisted and mutated, gaining strength over the next two and a half millennia. In particular, the pig taboo became a point of contention in the ethno-political struggles between Jewish and Greco-Roman cultures in the Levant. Ultimately, it was this continued evolution within the context of ethnic and religious politics that gave the pig taboo the strength it has today"-- | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents List ofFigures Acknowledgments 1. The Power of Pigs Cairo’s Pig Problem The Power of Zooarchaeology Pigs as a Lens into the Past xi xv 1 1 3 5 2. Animals in a Landscape The Setting: Geography of the Near East Dramatis Personae: Pigs and Wild Boar Pig Domestication Raising Pigs “Pig Principles” and Types of Data 10 10 12 16 20 24 3. From Paleolithic Wild Boar to Neolithic Pigs Reluctant Hunters of the Lower and Middle Paleolithic The Upper Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic The Road to Domestication: The Pre-Pottery Neolithic A The Intensification of Wild Boar Hunting at Hallan Çemi Taking Boars on Boats to Cyprus Wild Boars in Rituals Domestication by Two Pathways First Domestic Pigs: The Early and Middle PPNB 27 28 30 32 35 37 37 41 42 4. Out of the Cradle The (Delayed) Adoption of Pig Husbandry in the Near East The First European Pigs New Approaches in the Late Neolithic Penning Pigs Feasting on Pork Pigs in Other Rituals Pigs in the Chalcolithic: The Great Transformation 48 49 51 52 52 54 55 56 5. Urban Swine and Ritual Pigs in the Bronze Age Plows, Wool, Warhorses (and Wardonkeys), and Wealth Regional Diversity in Pig Husbandry in the Early and Middle Bronze Age 62 64 67
viii CONTENTS The (Informal) City Pigs of Early and Middle Bronze Age Mesopotamia The Inheritance of Tradition in Western Anatolia, Egypt, and Iran The Erosion of Pig Husbandry in the Levant and Western Syria Pigs and the Changing Environment Pigs in Texts Pork Consumption in the Late Bronze Age Pigs and the Gods 6. Theorizing the Taboo The Anthropology of Taboo Theories of the Pig Taboo Biblical Explanations Classical Writers on Pig Taboos Health-Related Explanations Religious Explanations Douglas s Physiological Explanation Ecological Explanations Political-Economic Explanations Ethnic-Political Explanations The Chicken Explanation Making Sense of the Pig Taboo The Pig Taboo as an Evolving Cultural Element 68 71 73 76 77 80 83 92 92 96 96 98 99 101 103 104 106 107 110 111 114 7. The Coming of the Taboo: Pigs in the Iron Age The Iron Age and Israelite Ethnogenesis The Writing of the Torah and the Pork Тајзоо The Archaeology of the Israelites and the First Jews Pig Husbandry in the Iron Age Pig Husbandry and Avoidance in the Southern Levant The Evolution of the Israelite Pig Taboo Writing the Taboo Pig Taboos in Other Parts of the Near East The Genetic Turnover 116 116 118 119 124 124 128 130 133 137 8. Clash of Cultures in the Classical Period Pigs in Greek and Roman Cultures Economic Roles Ritual and Cultural Significance Zooarchaeology of the Greco-Roman Near East Raising Pigs in the Classical Period Judaism and the Levant in the Classical Period Unholy of Unholies: Pigs and the Clash of Cultures Between Judaism and Christianity Pigs in Christian Thought 142 144 145 148
151 152 154 159 164 169
CONTENTS 9. Islam and the Modern Period Islam: Orthopraxy, Food Laws, and the Pig Taboo Zooarchaeological and Historical Data on Pigs Raising Domestic Pigs in the Near East Today Informal Economics: Pig Husbandry in Egypt Formal Economics: “White Steak” and Pig Husbandry in Israel Wild Boar in the Near East Today Swine, Bigotry, and Intolerance Transgression ЇХ 172 173 176 179 179 181 183 184 189 10. The Complexity of Swine Swine in Retrospect: A Window onto Complexity Domestication The Ritual Significance of Swine The Unpredictable Evolution of the Pig Taboo The Uniqueness of the Pig Taboo Tradition and Fate 195 195 197 199 200 203 204 Appendix Notes References Index 207 213 247 309
|
| adam_txt |
Contents List ofFigures Acknowledgments 1. The Power of Pigs Cairo’s Pig Problem The Power of Zooarchaeology Pigs as a Lens into the Past xi xv 1 1 3 5 2. Animals in a Landscape The Setting: Geography of the Near East Dramatis Personae: Pigs and Wild Boar Pig Domestication Raising Pigs “Pig Principles” and Types of Data 10 10 12 16 20 24 3. From Paleolithic Wild Boar to Neolithic Pigs Reluctant Hunters of the Lower and Middle Paleolithic The Upper Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic The Road to Domestication: The Pre-Pottery Neolithic A The Intensification of Wild Boar Hunting at Hallan Çemi Taking Boars on Boats to Cyprus Wild Boars in Rituals Domestication by Two Pathways First Domestic Pigs: The Early and Middle PPNB 27 28 30 32 35 37 37 41 42 4. Out of the Cradle The (Delayed) Adoption of Pig Husbandry in the Near East The First European Pigs New Approaches in the Late Neolithic Penning Pigs Feasting on Pork Pigs in Other Rituals Pigs in the Chalcolithic: The Great Transformation 48 49 51 52 52 54 55 56 5. Urban Swine and Ritual Pigs in the Bronze Age Plows, Wool, Warhorses (and Wardonkeys), and Wealth Regional Diversity in Pig Husbandry in the Early and Middle Bronze Age 62 64 67
viii CONTENTS The (Informal) City Pigs of Early and Middle Bronze Age Mesopotamia The Inheritance of Tradition in Western Anatolia, Egypt, and Iran The Erosion of Pig Husbandry in the Levant and Western Syria Pigs and the Changing Environment Pigs in Texts Pork Consumption in the Late Bronze Age Pigs and the Gods 6. Theorizing the Taboo The Anthropology of Taboo Theories of the Pig Taboo Biblical Explanations Classical Writers on Pig Taboos Health-Related Explanations Religious Explanations Douglas s Physiological Explanation Ecological Explanations Political-Economic Explanations Ethnic-Political Explanations The Chicken Explanation Making Sense of the Pig Taboo The Pig Taboo as an Evolving Cultural Element 68 71 73 76 77 80 83 92 92 96 96 98 99 101 103 104 106 107 110 111 114 7. The Coming of the Taboo: Pigs in the Iron Age The Iron Age and Israelite Ethnogenesis The Writing of the Torah and the Pork Тајзоо The Archaeology of the Israelites and the First Jews Pig Husbandry in the Iron Age Pig Husbandry and Avoidance in the Southern Levant The Evolution of the Israelite Pig Taboo Writing the Taboo Pig Taboos in Other Parts of the Near East The Genetic Turnover 116 116 118 119 124 124 128 130 133 137 8. Clash of Cultures in the Classical Period Pigs in Greek and Roman Cultures Economic Roles Ritual and Cultural Significance Zooarchaeology of the Greco-Roman Near East Raising Pigs in the Classical Period Judaism and the Levant in the Classical Period Unholy of Unholies: Pigs and the Clash of Cultures Between Judaism and Christianity Pigs in Christian Thought 142 144 145 148
151 152 154 159 164 169
CONTENTS 9. Islam and the Modern Period Islam: Orthopraxy, Food Laws, and the Pig Taboo Zooarchaeological and Historical Data on Pigs Raising Domestic Pigs in the Near East Today Informal Economics: Pig Husbandry in Egypt Formal Economics: “White Steak” and Pig Husbandry in Israel Wild Boar in the Near East Today Swine, Bigotry, and Intolerance Transgression ЇХ 172 173 176 179 179 181 183 184 189 10. The Complexity of Swine Swine in Retrospect: A Window onto Complexity Domestication The Ritual Significance of Swine The Unpredictable Evolution of the Pig Taboo The Uniqueness of the Pig Taboo Tradition and Fate 195 195 197 199 200 203 204 Appendix Notes References Index 207 213 247 309 |
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| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Price, Max D. ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)1223676048 aut Evolution of a taboo pigs and people in the Ancient Near East Max D. Price Pigs and people in the Ancient Near East New York, NY Oxford University Press [2020] © 2020 xvi, 312 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "From their domestication to their taboo, the role of pigs in the ancient Near East is one of the most complicated topics in archaeology. Rejecting monocausal explanations, this book adopts an evolutionary approach and uses zooarchaeology and texts to unravel the cultural significance of swine from the Paleolithic to today. Five major themes emerge: The domestication of the pig from wild boar in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, the unique roles that pigs developed in agricultural economies before and after the development of complex societies, the raising of swine in cities, the shifting ritual roles of pigs, and the formation and development of the pork taboo in Judaism and, later, Islam. The development of this taboo has inspired much academic debate. I argue that the well-known taboo described in Leviticus reflects the intention of the Biblical writers to develop an image of a glorious pastoral ancestry for a heroic Israelite past, something they achieved by tying together existing food traditions. These included a taboo on pigs, which was developed early in the Iron Age during conflicts between Israelites and Philistines and was revitalized by the Biblical writers. The taboo persisted and mutated, gaining strength over the next two and a half millennia. In particular, the pig taboo became a point of contention in the ethno-political struggles between Jewish and Greco-Roman cultures in the Levant. Ultimately, it was this continued evolution within the context of ethnic and religious politics that gave the pig taboo the strength it has today"-- Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Religion (DE-588)4049396-9 gnd rswk-swf Tabu (DE-588)4058861-0 gnd rswk-swf Schwein (DE-588)4053848-5 gnd rswk-swf Ernährungsgewohnheit (DE-588)4136846-0 gnd rswk-swf Alter Orient (DE-588)4001451-4 gnd rswk-swf Food habits / Middle East Swine / Middle East / History / To 1500 Swine / Religious aspects / Judaism Swine / Religious aspects / Islam Taboo / Middle East Mammal remains (Archaeology) / Middle East Middle East / Antiquities Antiquities Food habits Mammal remains (Archaeology) Swine Taboo Middle East To 1500 History Alter Orient (DE-588)4001451-4 g Schwein (DE-588)4053848-5 s Ernährungsgewohnheit (DE-588)4136846-0 s Tabu (DE-588)4058861-0 s Religion (DE-588)4049396-9 s Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe Price, Max D. Evolution of a taboo New York, NY : Oxford University Press, 2020 978-0-19-754329-0 (DE-604)BV047068458 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033065686&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Price, Max D. ca. 20./21. Jh Evolution of a taboo pigs and people in the Ancient Near East Religion (DE-588)4049396-9 gnd Tabu (DE-588)4058861-0 gnd Schwein (DE-588)4053848-5 gnd Ernährungsgewohnheit (DE-588)4136846-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4049396-9 (DE-588)4058861-0 (DE-588)4053848-5 (DE-588)4136846-0 (DE-588)4001451-4 |
| title | Evolution of a taboo pigs and people in the Ancient Near East |
| title_alt | Pigs and people in the Ancient Near East |
| title_auth | Evolution of a taboo pigs and people in the Ancient Near East |
| title_exact_search | Evolution of a taboo pigs and people in the Ancient Near East |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Evolution of a taboo pigs and people in the Ancient Near East |
| title_full | Evolution of a taboo pigs and people in the Ancient Near East Max D. Price |
| title_fullStr | Evolution of a taboo pigs and people in the Ancient Near East Max D. Price |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of a taboo pigs and people in the Ancient Near East Max D. Price |
| title_short | Evolution of a taboo |
| title_sort | evolution of a taboo pigs and people in the ancient near east |
| title_sub | pigs and people in the Ancient Near East |
| topic | Religion (DE-588)4049396-9 gnd Tabu (DE-588)4058861-0 gnd Schwein (DE-588)4053848-5 gnd Ernährungsgewohnheit (DE-588)4136846-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Religion Tabu Schwein Ernährungsgewohnheit Alter Orient |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033065686&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pricemaxd evolutionofataboopigsandpeopleintheancientneareast AT pricemaxd pigsandpeopleintheancientneareast |