Cold War: an international history
"Now in its third edition, Cold War provides an accessible and comprehensive account of the decades-long conflict between two nuclear-armed Superpowers during the twentieth century. This book offers a broader timeline than any other Cold War text, charting the lead-up to the conflict from the R...
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York ; London
Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
2022
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| Ausgabe: | Third edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Now in its third edition, Cold War provides an accessible and comprehensive account of the decades-long conflict between two nuclear-armed Superpowers during the twentieth century. This book offers a broader timeline than any other Cold War text, charting the lead-up to the conflict from the Russian Revolution to World War II, providing an authoritative narrative and analysis of the period between 1945 and 1991, and scrutinizing the thirty-year aftermath, including the prospect of a "new Cold War." In this new edition, Carole K. Fink provides new insights and perspectives on key events, with an emphasis on people, power, and ideas. The third edition covers developments in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America as well as in Europe. It also includes: Ten new maps that illustrate the global reach of the long conflict An extended chronology to show recent related events Discussion of the 2016 US election, subsequent Trump-Putin relationship, continuing Middle East turmoil, and new role of China in world politics. An updated bibliography to reflect recent scholarship in the area Cold War is the consummate book on this complex global rivalry and will be of interest to students of contemporary US and international history and history enthusiasts alike" |
| Beschreibung: | xxxii, 339 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780367404673 9780367405557 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Preface to the Third Edition List of Photographs List of Maps Abbreviations and Acronyms Chronology Introduction 1 Prelude: Soviet Russia and the West, 1917-1941 XV xvii xix xxi xxv 1 4 War and Revolution 4 A Contested Peace 8 The Soviet Entry into World Politics 10 The Dark Decade, 1931-1939 14 The Aggressors Triumphant, 1939—1941 19 Suggestions for Further Study 22 2 The Grand Alliance, 1941-1945 27 Disparate Partners 27 Turning the Tide while Tensions Mount 32 Moving Apart 36 Yalta 39 The End of World War II 42 Suggestions for Further Study 46 3 Cold War, 1945-1952 Two Rivals Emerge 53 Nuremberg: The Final Collaboration 55 The Rupture 56 1947: The Division of Europe 60 The World Outside Europe 62 Prague and Berlin 65 53
Xli Contents 1949 69 War in Korea 7 / Suggestions for Further Study SO 4 The Widening Conflict, 1953-1963 Divided Europe 90 A Global Cold War 91 The 1956 Crises and their Aftermath 96 Peaceful Coexistence? 106 Cuba and Berlin 109 Exit Kennedy and Khrushchev 113 Suggestions for Further Study 114 5 The Sixties Superpower Rivalry in Africa and Asia 124 Vietnam 121 The June 1967 Arab-Israeli War 132 Prague: August 1968 138 1968: International Human Rights Year 142 Suggestions for Further Study 145 6 Détente, 1969—1975 Reducing the Nuclear Threat 152 Ostpolitik 155 Ping-Pong Diplomacy 157 Testing Détente, 1970—1974 160 Helsinki 168 Suggestions for Further Study 170 7 Détente Collapses, 1975-1980 Human Rights 176 The Cold War in Africa 181 SS-20 Missiles and SALT II 184 The Middle East: 1979 187 Solidarnost 196 Suggestions for Further Study 198 8 The Second Cold War, 1981-1985 The Deterioration of US-Soviet Relations 207 Central and South America 214 Asia 218
Contents xiii Ąfrka 220 The Middle East 221. Suggestions for Further Study 225 9 The End of the Cold War, 1985-1991 233 The Gorbachev Revolution in International Affairs 232 1989: The Transformation of Eastern Europe 238 1990: German Reunification 245 1991: The Collapse of the Soviet Union 248 Suggestions for Further Study 254 10 Aftermath: A New World Disorder The 1990s: A Global View 261 The Wars in Yugoslavia and NATO Expansion 266 The European Union 271 Upheaval: 2001-2011 274 The Disordered World, 2011—2021 280 Suggestions for Further Study 286 261 Conclusion 293 Individuals Bibliography Index 305 297 316
Now in its third edition, Cold War provides an accessible and comprehensive account of the decades-long conflict between two nuclear-armed Superpowers during the twentieth century. This book offers a broader timeline than any other Cold War text, charting the lead-up to the conflict from the Russian Revolution to World War II, providing an authoritative narrative and analysis of the period between 1945 and 1991, and scrutinizing the 30-year aftermath, including the prospect of a “new Cold War.” In this new edition, Carole K. Fink provides new insights and perspectives on key events, with an emphasis on people, power, and ideas. The third edition covers developments in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America as well as in Europe. It also includes • • • • Eleven new or revised maps that illustrate the global reach of the long conflict An extended chronology that includes recent international events A discussion of the post-Cold War roles of the US, Russia, and China in world politics An updated bibliography reflecting new scholarship in Cold War and post-Cold War history Cold War is the consummate book on this complex twentieth-century rivalry and will be of interest to students of contemporary US and international history and history enthusiasts alike.
Bibliography Documentary Online Sources Government Records CIA Historical Collection Publications. Central Intelligence Agency, www.cia. gov/readingroom/historical-collections. “Declassified National Intelligence Estimates on the Soviet Union and Inter national Communism.” Central Intelligence Agency, www.foia.cia.gov/ collection/declassified-national-intelligence-estimates-soviet-union-andinternational-communism. Documents on Australian Foreign Policy, www.dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/ historical-documents/Pages/historical-documents?OpenDocument=. Documents on Canadian External Relations, www.international.gc.ca/gac-amc/ history-histoire/external-relations_relations-exterieures.aspx?lang=eng. Documents on the Foreign Policy of the Federal Republic of Germany (1948—). www.ifz-muenchen.de/aktuelles/themen/akten-zur-auswaertigen-politik/ open-access/. Great Britain Foreign Office Records. National Archives. http://discovery. nationalarchives.gov.uk/SearchUI/Home/OnlineCollections. Israel State Archive, www.archives.gov.il/en/. Joint Publications Research Service. Central Intelligence Agency. https://archive. org/details/JointPublicationsResearchService. US Department of State. Office of the Historian. Historical Documents, https:// history.state.gov/historicaldocuments. US Presidential Libraries. National Archives, www.archives.gov/presidentiallibraries. Additional Web Resources The American Presidency Project. University of California Santa Barbara, www. presidency.ucsb.edu/. Cold War Collection. Hoover Institution, Stanford University, https://digitalcollections.
hoover.org/ collections. Cold War History Research Center. Corvinus, University of Budapest, www. coldwar.hu/. Cold War International History Project. Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington, DC Digital Archive, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/collections.
306 Bibliography Comintern Archive Harvard University, https://guides.library.harvard.edu/ soviethistoryarchives/comintern. EuroDocs: Online Sources for European History, http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/ index.php/Main_Page. European Union. Archives, https://europa.eu/european-union/documentspublications/libraries-archives_en. Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) Daily Reports, www.cia.gov/ readingroom/collection/foreign-broadcast-information-service-historypart-1-1941-1947. German History in Documents and Images. http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc. org/. German Propaganda Archive, www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/. Human Rights Library. University of Minnesota, wwwl.umn.edu/humanrts/. Internet Modern History Sourcebook. www.fordham.edu/Halsall/mod/mods֊ book.asp. Latin American Governments Archives Document Project, University of Texas. http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/archives/lagda/. Marxists Internet Archive: Important Writings in the History and Develop ment of Chinese Communism, 1853-1981. www.marxists.org/subject/china/ documents/index.htm. The Mitrokhin Archive. Woodrow Wilson Center Digital Archive, https:// digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/collection/52/mitrokhin-archive . National Security Archives. George Washington University, Washington, DC. https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/. NATO Archives online, https://archives.nato.int/. Parallel History Project on Cooperative Security, https://www.php.isn.ethz.ch/ loryl.ethz.ch/index.html. Peking Review 1958-2006. www.marxists.org/subject/china/peking-review/ index.htm. “Presidential Oral History.” University of Virginia, Miller
Center of Public Affairs. https: //millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-oral-histories. “Revelations from the Russian Archives.” Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/ exhibits/archives/. The Stalin Digital Archive. Yale University Press, www.stalindigitalarchive. com/frontend/node/1. Vera and Donald Blinken Open Society Archives. Central European University, Budapest, www.osaarchivum.org/. Wikileaks, https://wikileaks.org/. World Bank Group Archives Holdings, https://archivesholdings.worldbank.org/ informationobject/browse?view=card onlyMedia=l topLod=0. World Health Organization (1950-present). https://apps.who.int/iris/. Yale Law School Avalon Project: Documents in Law, History and Diplomacy. http://avalon.law.yale.edu/. The Yearbook of the United Nations, http://unyearbook.un.org/. Published Documents Hanhimaki, Jussi Μ., and Odd Arne Westad. The Cold War: A History in Docu ments and Eyewitness Accounts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Bibliography 307 Hinton, Harold C. The People’s Republic of China, 1949—1979: A Documentary Sur vey. 5 vols. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 1980. Procacci, Giovanni. Stalin and the Cold War, 1945—1953: A Cold War International History Project Documentary Reader. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center, 1999. Roads to Space: An Oral History of the Soviet Space Program. Compiled by the Rus sian Scientific Research Center for Space Documentation. New York: Aviation Week Group, 1995. Memoirs/Autobiographies/Diaries Fitzpatrick, Sheila. A Spy in the Archives: A Memoir of Cold War Russia. London: I. B. Tauris, 2014. Garthoff, Raymond L. A Journey Through the Cold War: A Memoir of Containment and Coexistence. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2001. Kennan, George F. The Kennan Diaries. Edited by Frank Costigliola. New York: W.W. Norton, 2014. Kennan, George F. Memoirs. 2 vols. Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1967—1972. Sagdeev, Roald Z. The Making of a Soviet Scientist: My Adventures in Nuclear Fusion and Spacefrom Stalin to Star Wars. New York: Wiley, 1994. Wolf, Markus, and Anne McElvoy. The Man Without a Face: The Autobiography of Communism’s Greatest Spymaster. New York: Times Books, 1997. Documentary Films Cold War. 24-partTV series. Produced by Jeremy Isaacs. New York: CNN, 1998. PeriscopeFilm. “History of the Atom Bomb Manhattan Project and Atomic Power.” YouTube Video, 18:02. June 24, 2020. www.cia.gov/readingroom/ historical-collections. Race for the Super Bomb. Directed by Thomas Ott. PBS: The American Experi ence. Chicago, IL: WGBH, 1999. Red Files: Secrets
of the Russian Archives Revealed. PBS/Abamedia, 1999. The Wall: A World Divided. Directed by Eric Stange. PBS/Spy Pond Productions, 2010. Walter Cronkite Remembers: The Cold War: Challenge and Crisis. Directed by Dale Minor. New York: CBS Productions, 1997. Encyclopedias Encyclopedia of the Cold War. 2 vols. Edited by Ruud van Dijk. New York: Rout ledge, 2008. The Encyclopedia ofthe Cold War. Edited by Spencer C. Tucker. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC Clio, 2008. Cold War Museums (US) The Cold War Museum, Warrentown, VA. https://coldwar.org/Default.asp. International Spy Museum, Washington, DC. www.spymuseum.org/.
308 Bibliography National Cryptologic Museum, Fort Meade, MD. www.nsa.gov/about/ cryptologic-heritage/museum/. National Museum of the United States Air Force, Dayton, OH. www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/. General Histories Barrass, Gordon S. The Great Cold War: A Journey Through the Hall ofMirrors. Stan ford, CA: Stanford Security Studies/Stanford University Press, 2009. Black, Jeremy. War Since 1945. London: Reaktion, 2004. Dunbabin, J.P.D. The Cold War: The Great Powers and Their Allies. 2nd ed. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education, 2008. Gaddis, John Lewis. The Cold War: A New History. New York: Penguin, 2005. Gaddis, John Lewis. We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History. Oxford: Clar endon, 1997. Harper, John Lamberton. The Cold War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Judge, Edward H., and John W. Langdon. A Hard and Bitter Peace: A Global History of the Cold War. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1996. Leffler, Melvyn P, and Odd Arne Westad. The Cambridge History of the Cold War. 3 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Levering, Ralph B. The Cold War: A Post-Cold War History. 2nd ed. Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson, 2005. McCauley, Martin. Russia, America, and the Cold War, 1949—1991. London: Pearson/Longman, 2004. McMahon, Robert J. The Cold War: A Very Short Introduction. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. Painter, David S. The Cold War: An International History. London: Routledge, 2002. Ulam, Adam Bruno. Understanding the Cold 14նր A Historian’s Personal Reflections. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 2001. Westad, Odd Arne. The Cold War: A
World History. New York: Basic Books, 2017. Westad, Odd Arne. The Global Cold War: Third World Interventions and the Making of Our Times. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. Specialized Histories Adomeit, Hannes. Imperial Overstretch: Germany in Soviet Policy from Stalin to Gor bachev: An Analysis Based on New Archival Evidence, Memoirs, and Interviews. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1998. Aldrich, Richard J. The Hidden Hand: Britain, America, and Cold War Secret Intelli gence. London: John Murray, 2001. Andrew, Christopher Μ., and Vasili Mitrokhin. The Sword and the Shield: The Mi trokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB. New York: Basic Books, 1999. Andrew, Christopher Μ., and Vasili Mitrokhin. The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battlefor the Third World. New York: Basic Books, 2005. Armstrong, Charles K. Tyranny of the Weak: North Korea and the World, 1950-1992. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2013. Bacevich, Andrew J. After the Apocalypse: America’s Role in a World Transformed. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2021.
Bibliography 309 Bacevich, Andrew J. American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of U.S. Diplo macy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002. Barney, Timothy. Mapping the Cold War: Cartography and the Framing of America’s International Power. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015. Barnhisel, Greg. Cold War Modernists: Art, Literature, and American Cultural Diplo macy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2015. Bazin, Jerome. Art Beyond Borders: Artistic Exchange in Communist Europe (1945— 1989). Budapest: Central European University Press, 2016. Belmonte, Laura A. Selling the American Way: U.S. Propaganda and the Cold War. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. Bennett, Andrew. Condemned to Repetition? The Rise, Fall, and Reprise of Soviet Intervention, 1973-1996. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999. Bernhard, Nancy E. US Television News and Cold War Propaganda, 1947—1960. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Bevins, Vincent. The Jakarta Method: Washington’s Anticommunist Crusade the Mass Murder Program That Shaped Our World. New York: Public Affairs, 2020. Borstelmann, Thomas. The Cold War and the Color Line: American Race Relations in the Global Arena. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001. Bradley, Mark Philip. Imagining Vietnam and America: The Making of Postcolonial Vietnam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. Bradley, Mark Philip. Vietnam at War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. Brands, H.W. Reagan: The Life. New York: Doubleday, 2015. Brinton, Aspen. Philosophy and Dissidence in Cold War
Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Brogi, Alessandro. Confronting America: The Cold War Between the United States and the Communists in France and Italy. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2011. Brown, Kate. Plutopia: Nuclear Families, Atomic Cities, and the Great Soviet and American Plutonium Disasters. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013. Burrows, William E. By Any Means Necessary: America’s Secret Air War in the Cold War. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001. Callanan, James. Covert Action in the Cold War: US Policy, Intelligence, and CIA Operations. London: LB. Tauris, 2010. The Cambridge History of Communism. 3 vols. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Carroll, Mark. Music and Ideology in Cold War Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Caute, David. The Dancer Defects: The Struggle for Cultural Supremacy During the Cold War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. Chamberlin, Paul Thomas. The Cold War’s Killing Fields: Rethinking the Long Peace. New York: HarperCollins, 2018. Chamberlin, Paul Thomas. The Global Offensive: The United States, the Palestine Liberation Organization and the Making of the Post-Cold War Order. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Chilton, Paul A. Security Metaphors: Cold War Discourse from Containment to Com mon House. New York: P. Lang, 1996. Clune, Lori. Executing the Rosenbergs: Death and Diplomacy in a Cold War World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.
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Index Note: Page numbers in italics refer to images or maps. Page numbers followed by “n” refer to notes. ABM Treaty (1972) 154,210,234, 278 Achebe, Chinua 89 Acheson, Dean 61,75,77 Adams, Eddie 131nl0 Adenauer,Konrad 104—105,107, 111, 138,155 Afghanistan 233,252-253,262,278 civil war in 276 reduction of US combat troops from 280 Soviet invasion of 187,192—196, 193, 195 Taliban regime 253n24,274, 275,276 UN role in 194n23,274,275, 276 US aid to anti-Soviet forces in 194, 205-206,219nl8,233 US invasion of 275—277 withdrawal of Soviet troops from 219,236 Afghan United Front 276 Africa 2,88,92,94,105,160,281, 281Ո45 Angola/Namibia Accords (1988) 264 decolonization 93 human rights issues in South Africa 143,144 post-Cold War conditions in 264 US-Soviet rivalry in 124-125,126127,181-184,206,220-221,251 see also names ofspecific countries African National Congress (ANC) 220, 264 Albania 65,96nll, 157,243nl3, 269nl9,270-271 Albright, Madeleine 270 Algeria 92, 99,100,128n7,160 Allende, Salvador 162nl0,166 Allied Control Council 43,44,59, 68 Al-Nusra Front 282n48 Al Qaeda 262,263nl, 274-277, 276n35,282n48, 284 Ames, Aldrich 234n2 Amin, Hafizullah 192—193,194n22 Amnesty International 143, 143n23, 177 Andropov,Yuri 194, 206,209,212,213, 216,232,235 Angola 207, 265 civil war in 181,183,264 South Africa and 220—221,264 Soviet Union and 182,183,221,236 United States and 182,183,221 UN peacekeeping missions in 262 antiballistic missile (ABM) programs 153,154,158 anticolonialism 13,34,62, 74,80,125, 127,219; see also decolonization Anti-Comintern Pact (1937) 15 apartheid 179, 264 Apollo
8,3,145 appeasement 16,17, 69 Arab League 133,136,162 Arab states 63, 90n2,152,187; see also Egypt; Iraq; Jordan; Saudi Arabia; Syria Arafat,Yasser 223 Arbenz Guzman, Jacobo 95 Argentina 41,180, 216, 217, 218, 266 Arkipov, Ivan 219 Armenia 214,250 arms race see nuclear arms race Aron, Raymond 98 Asia 2, 88,91,160 Belt and Road Initiative 283
Index decolonization and civil wars in 92-96, 93 human rights issues in 143,145 Islamic militancy in 262 post-Cold War conditions in 263-264 Potsdam agreements and 45 Tehran agreements and 35 US-Soviet rivalry in 125-126, 206, 218-220,251 World War II and 30,35,41, 54 Yalta agreements and 41 see aho names of specific countries Asian Development Bank 283 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 283 Assad, Bashar al-, 282, 282n48 Assad, Hafez al-, 133,166,188 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 220,220nl9 Aswan Dam 96n9,100 Atlantic Charter 29-30,33, 35,39, 63, 238 atomic age 43, 45; see also nuclear arms race; nuclear weapons Attlee, Clement 43,54, 74, 79n24 Australia 8,126, 275 Austria ІОпЗ, 34, 59,65, 65nl0, 72, 97, 239,272, 272n24 Azerbaijan 250n20,251n23, 262 Baghdad Pact 106 Bahrain 223 Bahr, Egon 155 Baker,James 253 Bakhtiar, Shapour 190 Baltic states 19, 30,169,250-251,252, 262; see also Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania Bandung Conference (1955) 94-95, 94, 99,126,219 Bangladesh 163 Bao Dai 76 Baruch, Bernard 61 Baruch Plan 57n3 Batista, Fulgencio 109 Bay of Pigs invasion (1961) 109-110 BBC 91,235 Begin, Menachem 188-190, 189,223 Belarus 44nl6, 251n23,252, 263 Belgian Congo 124—125; see also Congo Belgium 20, 43, 66,70nl2,105,125, 185nl2,272n24 317 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) 283-284 Benelux countries 105; see also Belgium; Luxembourg; Netherlands Beneš, Eduard 37 Ben-Gurion, David 100,102,136 Berlin 42, 68, 71,106,107-108, 110-111, 110,113,242, 248 Quadripartite Agreement on (1971) 156,160 rebuilding of 90-91 see aisadest Berlin Berlin Airlift (1948-1949) 68-69,
68 Berlin Blockade (1948-1949) 3, 69 Berlin Crisis (1948) 68-70 (1958) 106-108 (1961) 110-111 Berlin Wall construction of 110—111, 110 economic effect on West Berlin 156 effect on Eastern Europe 139 fall of 3,242, 242,245 as restraint on Superpowers 113 as symbol of Cold War 111, 242 West Germany and 138 Bevin, Ernest 57 Big Stick diplomacy 216 Biko, Stephen 179 bin Laden, Osama 262, 274—276, 276n33,280 Biological Weapons Convention 277n37 Bismarck, Otto von 239, 245nl5 Blum, Léon 42 Bolshevik Revolution 1, 4—6, 5n2, 10-11,22,136,192nl8,236 Bosnia 266nl3, 266nl4, 267—269, 267 Bosnia-Herzegovina see Bosnia; Bosnian War;Yugoslavia Bosnian War 267—269 Botha, Pieter Willem 221,221n20 Brandenburg Gate 235, 242 Brandt,Willy 139,175nl assumes responsibility for Nazi war crimes 156 Basic Treaty and 157 Berlin Wall and 111 Gromyko ’s meeting with 142 Ostpolitik 138,155-157,175 US/Soviet relations and 152 Brazil 176,180,266,278 breathing space 6
318 Index Bretton Woods Conference (1944) 38, 57,88 Brezhnev, Leonid 125,142,156ոՅ, 169, 213 in Africa 183,184 Arab-Israeli conflict and 133,161, 162,163,166,167,168 arms limitation talks 153—154 Basic Agreement with US 154,168 Brandt’s administration and 155—156 Carter’s sanctions against USSR 179 coup in Afghanistan 192 defense of socialism 139 détente and 151-152,175,198 Helsinki Accords and 168 human rights, views on 178,179 invasion of Czechoslovakia 140 noninterference principles of 177-178 SALT II negotiations and 185—187 Soviet-China relations 160 Third World strategies 160 Vietnam War and 164 visit to US 165,166 workers’ strikes in Poland and 198 Brezhnev doctrine 141,157, 205-206, 237,239, 244 BRICS group 278, 283 Britain 10,14,272, 272n24, 273 acquisition of German colonies after World War I 8 Afghanistan and 275 Berlin Airlift 68-69 Bosnian War and 268, 268nl7 EEC membership 105,157,168 exit from EU 281n45 Falklands War 216, 217,218 Germany and 15,16,18, 20-21, 21, 30,44,55,59-60,68-69,245 in Grand Alliance 27—36 Great Game with Russia 1,187 Greek Civil War and 39 Hong Kong and 74, 263 human rights and 63 Indonesia and 126 Japan and 14,16 Locarno Treaties and 13 Middle East oil boycotts and 102, 136,168 Nigeria and 126 nuclear arms race 105,185 People’s Republic of China and 74 Polish unrest and 197 Soviet Union and 4,12,13,16,17, 17-18,18,21,27,27-36,43, 45, 55,57,58,59,102,113 Suez crisis and 99—103, 101 Summit Conferences (see Cairo conferences (1943); Casablanca Conference (1943); Geneva summit; Paris summit (1960); Potsdam Conference (1945); Tehran
Conference (1943);Yalta Conference (1945)) United States and 19,27,36-37,43, 55, 57, 58, 60, 99-103,113,183, 197,218,268,275 on UN Security Council 39,101, 134,273 withdrawal from colonies 61, 63, 93 withdrawal of forces east of Suez 137-138 World War I and 4,17 World War II and 18,20-21,21, 27-32, 54 Brussels Pact (1948) 70 Brzezinski, Zbigniew 178,185 Budapest 8, 98,141 Bukovsky,Vladimir 178 Bulgaria 20, 37, 42,45,56, 57n4, 60,65, 96nll, 157, 243, 269nl9 Burma 30,75, 94, 96 Bush, George H.W 237, 239, 250 German unification and 245-248 Middle East and 251, 253 Panama, invasion of 245nl4,265nl 1 Soviet Union and 239,244, 251—253 strategic arms control and 251 War on Drugs 265nl 1 Bush, George W abandonment of international agreements 277,278 “axis of evil” 276 People’s Republic of China and 279 relations with Putin 277-278 War on Terror 275-277,279 Bush (G.W.) doctrine 276 Byrnes,James 44,56, 57, 58, 59—60 Cairo conferences (1943) 34,36 Cambodia 92,128,129n9,158,161, 161n8,164,165,165nl4,207, 219-220,236,253,263 Camp David talks (1959) 107-108 (1978) 188-189
Index Canada 70,70nl2 Cape Verde Islands 181 Caribbean 111, 215,216,265;see also Cuba; Grenada, US invasion of Carson, Rachel 122 Carter,Jimmy 184,189,197,213 Camp David Accords and 188—189 diplomatic policies in Africa 183—184 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty and 187-188 human rights policies of 178—181 Iran and 190-191 Panama Canal Treaty 180 Soviet invasion ofAfghanistan and 194-195 strikes in Poland and 197 support of KOR 197 as US president 178 Carter doctrine 194 Casablanca Conference (1943) 32 Cassin, René 144-145 Castro, Fidel 2,109-110,124,184, 206, 265 CeauŞescu, Nicolae 243 Central America 206,214—216,215, 251,265; see abo El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 68, 90,92,109,124,127,128,137nl3, 183,194,197,207,215,234n2, 274, 276 Central Powers (World War I) 5,6,9 Ceylon 94 Chamberlain, Neville 16 Chechnya 277 Chernenko, Konstantin 206, 213 Chernobyl 231,234 Chernyaev, Anatoly 233,236n7 Chiang Kai-shek 36, 46, 62,73, 75 Chile 162nl0,166,176,179,180, 213, 266 China see Nationalist China; People’s Republic of China (PRC) China Dream 283 Churchill, Winston 27,34,36 Atlantic Charter and 29—30 at Casablanca Conference 32 on character of Hitler 21 electoral defeat of 43 in Grand Alliance 27—36 Iron Curtain warning 57 negotiations with Stahn 37—38, 38nll,39 319 North African campaign of 31 relations with Truman 43 resistance to Nazi air offensive 20-21 at Tehran Conference 34-36 atYalta Conference 39-42, 40 Cliburn,Van 89 Climate crisis see Global warming Clinton, Bill Bosnian War and 267—268,269 Cuba and 265 enlargement of NATO and
269 Haiti and 265nll Kosovo War and 271 North Korea and 264 Oslo Accords and 265 People s Republic of China and 263, 263n7 threat ofAl Qaeda 274—275 Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK) 220 Cominform (Communist Information Bureau) 62,66,67,97 Comintern (Communist International) 10,13,15,16,33-34 Commission on Human Rights, UN (CHR) 64-65,144 Committee for State Security (KGB) 92,137,137Ո14,140,156n3,168nl7, 192-193,235,248,252 Common Market see European Economic Community Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 252,253 communism 1 in Asia and Middle East 62 Bolshevik Revolution 4—6,5n2 collapse of in Eastern Europe 249, 266 Gorbachev s attempts to reform 238 in Southeast Asia 165 USSR control over 103 see abo Cominform; Comintern; Lenin,Vladimir; Statin, Joseph communist China see People’s Republic of China (PRC) Communist International (Comintern) see Comintern communist parties China 75, 279n42,283,285,294 Czechoslovakia 140 Eastern Europe 139,140 East Germany 139,156 France 92
320 Index Indonesia 126 South Africa 220 Soviet Union 2,225, 253 Western Europe 91 see also Comintern Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty ΤΠώΆΊ Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) 168, 178,214,246,248,271n23 Congo 123,124-125,160 Congress of the Peoples of the East 10 Contact Group (Bosnia) 268 containment 61, 61n9,70nl2,76 Contras 215, 216 coronavirus pandemic 280, 285 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon, CMEA) 105Ո12,243 Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM) 45,46 Crimea 40,251,281 Croatia 266,266nl3,267, 268, 269nl9; see dise Yugoslavia Cuba 111, 122nl, 160,162,180,187, 215,216,221,233, 252, 265 Bay of Pigs invasion (1961) 109-110 Guantanamo Bay 276 revolution 109 troops to Africa 183,184,186 Cuban missile crisis (1962) 111, 112, 122 Cultural Revolution (China) 132, 157, 160 cyber-warfare 25,281, 295 Cyprus 272n26 Czechoslovakia 16-17, 96nll, 104,138, 157,239 Charter 77,178 Communist coup (1948) 66 establishment of diplomatic ties with West Germany 157 expulsion of ethnic Germans 44 Munich Agreement and 17 Nasser’s arms deals with 99 Polish unrest and 197-198 Prague Spring reforms in 140-142 Soviet Union and 17, 62, 66, 72, 140-142 United States and 141 Velvet Revolution in 243 Warsaw Pact invasion of 141 withdrawal from Marshall Plan 62 Czech Republic 269,272n26,278 Daniloff, Nicholas 234n2 Daoud Khan, Mohammad 192 The Day After (television program) 213 Dayton Peace Agreement 268, 268nl6 D-Day invasion 38 decolonization 63, 93,143, 293 Decree on Peace (1917) 5 De Gaulle, Charles 102,107,113, 128n7,138,141 De Klerk, Frederik Willem 264 Delors,
Jacques 271 Deng Xiaoping 208,218—219, 232, 241, 254 Denmark 20, 70nl2, 74, 272n24 depression, global 8,14,15; see abo Great Depression DESOTO patrols 128 detente 114,131,138,139, 151-152, 155-157,169-170, 175, 196, 198 Deutsche Welle 235 Diêm, Ngo Dinh 96,113,127,128 Diên Bien Phù. Battle of (1954) 92 Djilas, Milovan 37nl0 Dobrynin, Anatoly 153 Dominican Republic 122nl, 180,215, 216nl4 domino theory 152,170 China and 78 Soviet Union and 97 United States and 77,128 Dr. Zhivago (Pasternak) 91, 235 Dubček, Alexander 140,141,145 Du Bois, W. E. B. 99 Dulles, John Foster 95, 98,244 Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944) 39 Eastern Europe 98, 206 cultural changes in 139,139nl6 and European Union 272, 274 Helsinki Accords and 168 Iron Curtain and 57, 67, 90,99,110, 113,139 Prague Spring and 140—142 transition of 238—245, 249 US “building bridges” policy and 139 USSR’s collapse and 249 see also names oft specific countries East Germany 96nl 1,239 Basic Treaty with West Germany 157 establishment of 71-72, 71
Index exodus from 241,242 People’s Republic of China and 241 Polish unrest and 197-198 reunification and 245-248 Soviet Union and 71-72,106,196, 241,245 West Germany’s refusal to recognize 138,157 see also West Germany East Timor 181n9 Eden, Anthony 34,99,100,101,102 Egypt 64 Arab-Israeli conflict and 132—134, 135,136,137,161,166-167 Aswan Dam 96n9,100 division of Palestine and 63, 64 Suez Crisis 99-103,101 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty (1979) 187-190,189,192n20 Ehrenburg, Ilya 31n3 Eisenhower, Dwight David 79, 95n8, 106,152 Algerian War and 92 arms race and 104,108 background 89 Belgian Congo and 124 Berlin and 107-108 Camp David talks (1959) 107-108 Cuba and 109 doctrine 103 human rights and 143 Hungarian Revolution and 98 Lebanon and 224,224n26 military-industrial complex 108 Open Skies proposal 106 Suez crisis and 100,101-102, 103, 104 U-2 incident (1960) 108 Vietnam and 92n5,96,127 Elimination ofAll Forms of Racial Discrimination, UN Resolution on (1965) 144 El Salvador 180,207,214-216, 215, 253, 265 Enigma code transmissions 30, 30n2 environmental movement 262 Eshkol,Levi 133,136 espionage 1,10,33,57,57n5,72nl4, 75,108.170,212,263n6,281,293, 294-295 Estonia 11,18, 245nl5,250,250n20, 269nl9, 272n26,282; see abo Baltic states 321 Ethiopia 15,181,182,183-184,187, 207,233,236,264,265 euro, as first common currency 272, 273 Europe 281 after Cold War 271-274 Belt and Road Initiative 283 borders after World War I 9 division of 60-62, 65-69, 67 Helsinki Accords and 169 Iron Curtain and 57, 90—91, 99,104, 105,138,139,266 Islamic militancy in 262 post-Cold War conditions in
265, 271-274 postwar growth and stability 90 post-World War II attempts to unify 104-105 World War II causalities and devastation in 42 see also Eastern Europe; names of specific countries European Advisory Commission 34, 45 European Coal and Steel Community (1951) 105 European Community (EC) see European Economic Community European Economic Community (EEC) 105,123,168.266, 268,269, 271-272 European Union (EU) 271-274,278, 281,282 Europe-First strategy 31 euroskepticism 272 extraordinary rendition 276 Falklands War (1982) 216, 217, 218 . Farouk (king of Egypt) 99 Federal Bureau of Investigation Hn2 Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) see West Germany Finland 11,18,19, 21, 22,30, 45, 57n4, 60,65, 65nl0,75, 97,266,272, 272n24 Five-Year Plan 13, 27—28,79 Foch, Ferdinand 10 Ford, Gerald 168,175,177,177n4, 186, 187 Foreign Affairs (magazine) 61 foreign ministers’ conferences 34,56, 66,69,107 Forman, Miloš 139nl6 Fourteen Points 6,29,238
322 Index France 14, 66,70nl2,105,136, 152nl, 273 acquisition of German colonies after World War I 8 Algeria and 92 Bosnian War and 268,268nl7 division of Europe and 138 end of rule in Indochina 92,127 Genoa Conference and 12 Germany and 8,13,18,66,70,105, 245,246 Locarno Treaties and 13 Nigerian Civil War and 127 nuclear arms race and 102—103,113, 185 People’s Republic of China and 74 Polish unrest and 197 role in EEC 105 role in UN 39 Soviet Union and 4, 8,13,15,17, 17-18,18,20,22,40,43,66, 68, 113 Suez crisis and 100—103, 101 United States and 67-68,100,138, 158,186,195-196,197,275,276 withdrawal from NATO command 138 in World War II 18,19,20 Yalta agreements and 40 Franco, Francisco, Italy’s support for 15,16 Frederick the Great 239 Free Democratic Party (FDP) 155 French-Soviet Pact (1935) 15 Front for the National Liberation of Angola (FNLA) 183 Gaddafi, Muammar 281n46 Gagarin,Yuri 109 Gandhi, Indira 163 GDR (German Democratic Republic) see East Germany Gemayel, Bashir 223 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 88 Geneva Accords 1954,92,92n5,92n6 1988, 236n6 Geneva Convention (1949) 271 Geneva summit 1955,106,107 1985,233 Genoa Conference (1922) 12,169 Georgia 178,250,250n20, 251,252, 262,278 Gerasimov, Gennadi 239 German Democratic Republic (GDR) see East Germany Germany 10n3, 66, 272n24 aggression 1930s 15,17,18 Anti-Comintern Pact (1937) 15 Bosnian War and 268,268nl7 division of 71—72, 71 Genoa Conference and 12 Helsinki Accords and 169 Locarno Treaties and 13 Nazi-Soviet Pact and 18 Nuremberg trials 55—56 and People’s Republic of China 273 Poland and 13
post-Cold War conditions in 271 post-World War I borders of 9 post-World War II governance of 57, 104-108 Potsdam Agreement (1945) and 44 reunification of 245—248,262 Rome-Berlin Axis (1936) 15 Soviet Union and 12—13,14—15,17, 19,20,21,31,32,33 Tehran Conference (1943) and 35 United States and 276 Versailles Treaty (1919) and 10 war crimes of 42 in World War I 6,8 in World War II 19-21,30,31,32-34 Yalta agreements and 40 see also Berlin; Berlin Airlift; Berlin Blockade; Berlin Wall; East Germany; West Germany Ghana 160 Giscard d’Estaing,Valéry 175 glasnost 232 global culture antiwar movements 131 East-West competition and 90 1950s 89,91 1960s youth revolts 145 1980s peace movements 206 in postwar Eastern Europe 139, 139nl6 see also titles offilms and books globalization 26Ì, 262,278,295 global warming 261, 262, 280, 284, 286 Goldstein, Baruch 265nl0 Goldwater, Barry 128n8 Gomułka, Władysław 66, 97
Index Gorbachev, Mikhail 239,245nl5, 248, 294 arms talks and 233-235, 237-238, 237 on Brezhnev doctrine 237 Bush and 244,246, 250,251, 252, 253 call to Sakharov 235 coup in USSR and 251—252 on East Germans’ appeal for democracy 241 election of 225 farewell address 254 foreign policy of 233, 250 German reunification and 246-247 glasnost policy of 232 and Iraqi invasion of Kuwait 248 on Kosovo issue 271 on NATO 269nl8 Nobel Peace Prize awarded to 243 perestroika policy of 232,250 Reagan and 233-238, 23 7 as Soviet leader 232 at UN General Assembly 236 visit to China 240 Gouzenko, Igor 57n5 Gowon, Yakubu 126—127 Grand Alliance about 27 decisions on Germany 43,44 origins of 27—32 postwar dissolution of 53, 70 rivalries among partners in 32—35, 36-39 war casualties 43 see abo Britain; Potsdam Conference (1945); Soviet Union;Tehran Conference (1943); United States; Yalta Conference (1945) The Grand Illusion (film) 16 Grand Mosque, seizure of 221n21 Grass, Günter 91 Great Britain see Britain Great Depression 8,14,15, 28, 38 Great Game 1,187 Greece 37,38,39, 41nl3,43, 60,61, 65, 176,179, 266, 272n24 Green Revolution 122 Grenada, US invasion of 215,216 Gromyko, Andrei 58,142,169,232 Grósz, Károly 239 Guatemala 95,180,214—216,215,265 Guevara, Ernesto “Che” 137nl3,145 323 Guinea 181 GulfWar (1991) against Iraq 247—248, 250-251,253 Haddad,Wadi 137nl4 Haig, Alexander 213,223n25 Haile Selassie 183 Haiti, US occupation of 265nl 1 Hamas 265 Hammarskjöld, Dag 124,125 Harding, Warren G. 10n3 Havel,Václav 139nl6, 243 Helsinki Accords (1975) decisions in favor of USSR 168—169 human rights
provisions of 169,176, 177,178,179,181,196 rights of sovereign states in 246 Soviet violations of 239 Heng Samrin 219 Hess, Rudolf 29, 56 Heym, Stefan 139nl6 Hezbollah 223, 282n48 Hilton, Conrad 91n3 Hitler, Adolf 2n2,13,14,15-18, 20, 21, 30,31,32,34 Ho Chi Minh 76,92n5,145 Holbrooke, Richard 268 Honduras 180, 215, 215 Honecker, Erich 156, 241 Hong Kong 74, 263,285 Hopkins, Harry 29,43 Hu Jintao 279,284 Hull, Cordell 21-22, 35 human rights Carter and 178—181 Gorbachevs proposals on 233, 234-235 Helsinki Accords and 169,181,196 humanitarian movements 89, 142-145 Nigerian Civil War and 127 Reagan’s policies on 205, 213—214 Third World interpretation of 94,144 UN defense of 63—65 Hungarian Revolution 96—99, 98,101 Hungary ІОпЗ, 90n2,157, 241, 272n26 entry into NATO 269 peace treaty after World War II 60 Polish unrest and 198 postwar communist control of 65 Potsdam agreements and 44 Red Army invasion of 37 revolution in 96—99, 98,101
324 Index Soviet support of constitutional changes in 239 Soviet Union and 62 US policy on transition of 244 withdrawal from Marshall Plan 62 Hun Sen 263ո4 Husák, Gustav 141n20,243 Hussein (king ofJordan) 134, 162 Hussein, Saddam 222, 248,276, 277 Iceland 70nl2 imperial preference system 38nl2 Independence for Colonial Peoples, UN Declaration on (1960) 144 India 61, 63,75, 93,94, 96, 96n9,123, 152,152nl, 157,181n9,275,278,283 Belt and Road 283 Indo-Pakistani War (1965) 125 Indo-Pakistani War (1971) 163-164 Kashmir question and 125 People’s Republic of China and 125 Sino-Indian war (1962) 125 Soviet Union and 126 United States and 163 Indonesia 75, 93,94, 96,123,126,160, 176,181n9,220nl9, 276n35,284 Belt and Road Initiative and 283 coup (1965) 126 Malaysian Federation and 126 and People’s Republic of China 126 and Soviet Union 126 Indo-Pakistani War (1965) 125 Indo-Pakistani War (1971) 163—164 İnönü, Ismet 36 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) 104,108,111 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) 213,235-236 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (later World Bank) 38; see also World Bank International Conference on Human Rights (1968) 144 International Criminal Court 56n2, 262, 270, 277n37 International Human Rights Year (1968) 142-145 International League for Human Rights 177 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 38, 88,207,271Ո22,283 International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) 276 Iran 57,133,161,176,234n3,280, 282n48, 284 Black Friday 190nl5 Bush doctrine and 276 defeat of pro-German government in 29 Khrushchev’s courtship of 96 revolution in
187,190-191, 191, 192n20 Soviet delay in withdrawal from 58-59 US relations with 95,161,176,180, 190-191, 222n22,234n3,236,280, 281,285n54 US-sponsored coup in 95 Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) 222-223 Iraq 99.106,191, 251, 262, 262n3, 277, 278 Abu Ghraib detention center, prisoner abuse in 277 civil war in 276 invasion of Kuwait 247-248, 250 removal of US combat troops from 280 US invasion of 276 Ireland 272n24 Iron Curtain 2,57, 67, 90-91, 99, 104, 105,110,138,139,169,177, 236n7,244 Islam historic rivalry with the West 3 post-Cold War threats by militants 222,262,265nl0,274-277 Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 282n48, 284 Israel 94n7,152,152nl, 262n3 Arab-Israeli War (1967) 132-138, 135 declaration of independence 63 division of Palestine and 63 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty (1979) 187-189 establishment of 64 invasion of Lebanon (1982) 223-224 Israeli-Palestinian conflict 222, 223-224, 265, 280, 281 Nigerian Civil War and 127 October War (1973) 166-168 Oslo Accords (1993) 265 role in Suez Crisis 99,100-103, 101, 102-103 support of Soviet Jewry campaign 177 War ofAttrition with Egypt (1969-1970) 161-162
Index Italy 57n4,70nl2,105,185ո12,272ո24 communists in 68,99 fascist seizure of power in 13 invasion of Ethiopia 15 Locarno Treaties and 13 peace treaty with Allies (1947) 60 Potsdam agreements and 45 Rome-Berlin Axis (1936) 15 Soviet Union and 195—196 US aid to 68 World War II and 21 Jackson-Vanik Amendment 168,177 Japan 263n6,283 acquisition of German colonies after World War I 8 aggression in 1930s 14 atomic bomb dropped on 45—46 Belt and Road 283 Britain and 16 China and 15,33,74,157 economic revival 123,231 Pearl Harbor attack by 30 Potsdam agreements and 45 revelation of war crimes by 42,46 Soviet Union and 18,19,30,41,43, 46,56,73,233 surrender of 45 United States and 14,55,56,77,79, 95,127 World War II and 29,30,31,33 Yalta agreements and 40,41 Jaruzelski,Wojciech 207,208, 239 Jews establishment of Israel 63, 64 human rights protests 177 mass emigration from Poland 137 Nazi crimes against 14,21,32,42 post-Cold War emigration of 235 Soviet Union and 138,168,177,214, 214nl2,235 Jiäng Zemin 253 John Paul II (pope) 196-197, 207n3, 238 Johnson, Lyndon B. 122nl, 137,216nl4 Arab-Israeli War (1967) and 134, 138 Belgian Congo and 124 Eastern Europe and 139,142 Great Society 128,131 human rights and 143 Indonesia and 126 Soviet Union and 142,143 Vietnam War 128-129,131,132,164 325 Jordan 64,282 Arab-Israeli War (1967) and 133,134, 136 British interests in 99 civil war in 162 division of Palestine and 63 Syrian invasion of 162 Kádár, János 239 Kaganovich, L. Μ. 57 KAL 007 incident (1983) 210-212, 211 Kampuchea see Cambodia Karadžič, Radovan 268nl6 Karmai, Babrak 193 Karzai,
Hamid 276 Katyn Forest 20,33, 55 Kazakhstan 250n20,251n22,263 Kennan, George 58,61n9,70nl2, 76, 269 Kennedyjohn Fitzgerald 122nl, 123n2 Bay of Pigs invasion and 109 Belgian Congo and 124 Berlin crisis (1961) 110-111 Cold War legacy 113-114 Cuban Missile crisis (1962) 111 human rights and 143 inaugural address 190 Vietnam and 113,114,127,128 Kennedy, Paul 231 Kenya 274 Kerensky, Alexander 5 Keynes, John Maynard 10,38 Khan, Agha Mohammad Yahya 163 Khan, Ayub 125 Khmer Rouge 165nl4,219, 220,263n4 Khomeini, Ruhollah 190—191, 191, 198n26,222 Khrushchev, Nikita 90,96, 107, 123, 142 Algerian War and 92 Berlin crisis (1958) 109 Berlin crisis (1961) 110 Cold War legacy of 113—114 criticisms of Stahn 97,99 Cuba and 111 doctrine of peacefill coexistence 99-100,103,106,113,122 intervention in Hungary 97—99 Khrushchev thaw 139 nuclear program 103—104,112 People’s Republic of China and 97, 106,122 Poland and 97
326 Index as Soviet leader 89, 96-97,108-109 Suez crisis and 100, 101—102 Third World policies 96 United States and 107—108, 107,109, 110,111-112 Vietnam and 96 Yugoslavia and 97 Kiesinger, Kurt-Georg 139, 155 Kim II Sung 77,77nl8 King, Martin Luther 144 Kissinger, Henry 177, 272 defense ofUS human rights policies 176 diplomatic policies in Africa 179, 183 Eastern Europe proposals of 244 Helsinki Accords and 169 Indo-Pakistani War (1971) and 163 October War (1973) and 166-168 role in detente 153,162,175 SALT talks and 153,154 Vietnam War and 164 visit to China 158-160,163 Kohl, Helmut 245-246,247, 248, 252, 271 Konrad, György 139nl6 KOR (Komitet Obrony Robotników) 196,197 Korea 42,46,56,59, 72, 78,127; see also North Korea; South Korea Korean War 77—80, 78 Kosovo 270-271, 278 Kosovo Liberation Army (EILA) 270, 271 Kosygin, Aleksei 123,125,131,133, 134,193ո21 Kosygin Reforms 123 Krenz, Egon 242 Kubrick, Stanley 274 Kuklinski, Ryszard 198n25 Kundera, Milan 139nl6 Kuwait 223,247-248,250, 269 Kyoto Protocol (1997) 262, 277ո37 Kyrgyzstan 250, 251ո23, 278 Land Mines Convention 277n37 Laos 92,109,128,129n9,164,165 Latin America 2, 3, 88, 92, 95,121-122, 143,160,218,265-266,273, 274; see ako Central America; South America Latvia 11,18,245nl5,250,251, 269nl9, 272n26, 282; see also Baltic states League ofArab States see Arab League League of Nations 13,15-16, 29 anti-Bolshevik refugees and 11 creation of 8,10 failure to resist fascist aggression 14 Japanese invasion of Manchuria and 14 as predecessor of UN 39 Soviet attack on Finland and 19 US refosal to join 10 Lebanon
162,188,190,222,223-224, 234n3, 282 Lend-Lease program 21,31, 33, 43 Lenin,Vladimir 5—6, 5n2,10, 11,12,13, 62, 72,95,106 Libya 45, 60, 207, 222, 234,262n3, 280, 281 Lin Biao 157,158 Lippmann, Walter 61n9 Lithuania 11,18n7, 44nl6, 245nl5, 250-251, 269nl9,272n26,282; see ako Baltic states Litvinov, Maxim 14,18 Lloyd George, David 5—6,12,13 Loan, Nguyen Ngoc 131nl0 Locarno Treaties (1925) 13,15 London foreign ministers meeting (1947) 46, 56, 66 Lumumba, Patrice 124,125 Luther, Martin 239 Luxembourg 20, 66,70nl2,105, 272n24 Maastricht Treaty (1992) 271, 272 MacArthur, Douglas 77 Macau 181n9 Macedonia 266nl3, 267, 269nl9 Macmillan, Harold 105 Madrid Conference on the Middle East (1991) 265 Major, John 252 Malaysia 283 Malaysian Federation 126 Malenkov, G. Μ. 57 Malta 40, 272n26 Malta summit meetings (1990) 244, 245 Manchuria 14,15,35, 46,56,75 Mandela, Nelson 264 Manhattan Project 33 Mao Zedong 2,75nl6, 96,125, 206, 283 establishment of PRC as communist power 62,72,73—75 North Vietnam and 132
Index role in Korean War 77,77nl8,78 Soviet Union and 74,99,114,122, 137,141,198 United States and 74-75,132, 157-160 US-Soviet relations and 152 Vietnam and 96 World War II and 30 Marshall, George 61 Marshall Plan 61-62,66,70, 90,105, 105nl2 Marx, Karl 143 Marxism 5,34, 72,143,177n3,208,238 Mazowiecki,Tadeusz 239 McCarthy, Joseph 79 McCartney, Paul 145 McNamara, Robert 129 Medvedev, Dmitry 280,280n43,284 Medvedev, Roy 177n3 Medvedev, Zhores 177n3 Mein Kampf (Hitler) 14 Meir, Golda 161,166,175nl Middle East 2,91-92,274,280,281n45 Arab-Israeli War (1967) 132-138,135 decolonization 93 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty (1979) 187-190, 189,192n20 Israeli-Palestinian conflict 222, 223-224,265,280,281 Madrid Conference (1991) 265 October War (1973) 166-168 oil boycott against the West (1956) 102 oil boycott against the West (1967) 136 oil boycott against the West (1973) 168 Oslo Accords (1993) 265 post-Cold War conditions in 265 postwar decolonization in 63, 93 Suez Crisis 99-103, 101 US-Soviet rivalry in 221—225,251 War ofAttrition (1969-1970) 161-163 see also names of specific countries Mikołajczyk, Stanisław 37 military-industrial complex 108, 293 Milosevic, Slobodan 266,270,271n21 Mitterrand, François 208,246, 248,252 Mladić, Ratko 268nl6 Mobutu,Joseph 15n3,124 Moldova 250,262 Mollet, Guy 99,100,102,105 327 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939) see Nazi-Soviet Pact Molotov,Vyacheslav 18,34, 43, 56,62 Montenegro 266nl3, 267,269nl9 Morgenthau, Henry 38 Mosaddegh, Mohammad 95 Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers 1943,34,55 1945,56-57 Moscow Helsinki Watch Group 178, 179 “Moscow Nights”
(song) 89 Moscow Treaty (1940) 19 Moscow Treaty (1970) 155 Moynihan, Daniel Patrick 238n8 Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO) 221 Mozambique 181,183,220—221, 281 Mujahideen 192, 195,206,219nl8 Munich Conference (1938) 16—17 Cold War interpretations of 2—3,33, 66,69 Soviet Union and 142 Muslims see Islam Mussolini, Benito 19,21,32 mutual assured destruction (MAD) 153,210 Myanmar see Burma Nagy, Imre 97 Najibullah, Mohammad 253n24 Namibia 183, 207, 220-221,264 Nasser, Gamal Abdel 99—103,133,134, 136,161-162,191 nationalism 262 Arab 103,191 China 283 in Eastern Europe 2,66,238—239 East Germany 239 economic 38 in former Soviet Republics 262 in Japan 14 in Russia 271 in Soviet Union 179,238-239, 248, 251 Ronald Reagan and 206 US cautions against “suicidal” 251 West German 70 Nationalist China 73,75,77nl8, 79, 94n7,99,128n2,157,158, 159, 219,263,263n6,284,285
328 Index National Union for the Total Independence ofAngola (UNITA) 183,221 NATO see North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO-Russian Council 269 Nazi Germany see Germany Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939) 18, 22,55,250 Nazi war crimes see Jews; Nuremberg trials Nehru, Jawaharal 94, 125 Netanyahu, Benjamin 265 Netherlands 20, 66,70nl2,90n2,105, 136,167,185nl2,272n24 New Cold War 1,109,284-286 New Development Bank 283 New Economic Policy (NEP) 12 New York Times 211n6, 238,251n22 New Zealand 8,281 Nicaragua 180, 180,206,207,215, 215, 215nl3,233,234n3,265 Nigeria, civil war in 123,126-127,281 Nimitz, Chester W. 32—33 Nitze, Paul 61n9,76nl7 Nixon, Pat 159 Nixon, Richard 107, 107,175,177n4, 180,187 as architect of détente 151,155,157 arms limitation talks 153-154 Brezhnev’s visit to US and 165,166 human rights policies of 176 Indo-Pakistani War (1971) and 163 Middle East conflict and 161—163, 166-168 as US president 131,153,177 Vietnam War and 131,153,154, 160, 164 visit to China 154,158—160, 159 visit to Soviet Union 154 Watergate 166,166nl6,175nl Nixon doctrine 160 nonalignment 94,95,99,125,126 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) see Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Noriega, Manuel 244nl4, 265nll North, Ohver 234n3 North Africa 21, 31,32,45, 60,63, 92, 274,284; see aho names ofspecific countries North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 139,168,187,235n5, 266, 284 Arab-Israeli War (1967) and 136,137 arms-limitation talks and 210 creation of 70 Double-Track Decision 185,235 effect of Korean War on 77,79 enlargement of269,272 European Union and 273 Kosovo War and 270 original members of70nl2
peacekeeping role of 271 inclusion of reunified Germany 245-247 role in Bosnian War 268-271, 268nl6,270n21 role in Falklands War 218 Russia and 281, 282 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and 140,141 support for US War on Terror 276, 277 North Korea 77-80, 78,152nl, 222, 263,264,264n8, 276, 280 North Vietnam 127-132, 130,152,153, 154,158,160,161n8,164-165 Norway 20, 22,70nl2,74,108 Novikov, Nikolai 58 Novotný, Antonin 140 NSC-68, 76, 77 nuclear arms race acceleration of 104 Britain as nuclear power 105 China as nuclear power 113,122 Cuban missile crisis and 111, 112, 122 diminished West European confidence in US protection 122 end of 251 escalation during Korean War 80 fear of nuclear confrontation 212-213 fear ofWorld War III 53 first Soviet atomic bomb 72 France as nuclear power 102, 113 Geneva and Reykjavik talks 233-235, 237 global nuclear disarmament movement 104,295 India’s entry into 164 mutual assured destruction (AIAD) 153,210 neutron bomb 185,185nll Non-Profiferation Treaty 142, 152, 155,247,263,264 North Korea’s entry into 264, 264n8
Index 329 Palach, Jan 239 Palestine Arab-Israeli Wars and 132—133, 134, 136 British withdrawal from 61 division of 63, 64 refugee problem 63,133,136 Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) 133,207,223,224,265 Palestinians 187 Arab League and 133, 136 Egypt and 133,188 Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty (1979) and 189 human rights issues (West Bank and OAS see Organization ofAmerican Gaza) 136,188 States Intifada 265n9 Obama, Barack 279-280,281,282,284 Israeli-Palestinian conflict 222, October War (1973) 166-168 223-224,265, 280, 281 oil shortages 102,136,167 in Jordan 162 Ojukwu, Odumegwu 127 in Lebanon 223 Oman 223 Oslo Accords 265 On the Beach (Shute) 103 Soviet Union and 223 Operation Bagration 36 Syria and 133 Operation Barbarossa 21 violence and 136,190 Operation Enduring Freedom 276—277 Panama 215 Operation Kavkaz 161 Panama Canal Treaty 180 Operation Musketeer 100 US invasion of 244nl4,265nl 1 Operation Rolling Thunder 129 Paraguay 180,266 Paris Climate Accord 285n54 Organization of American States (OAS) 63,218,218nl7 Paris summit (1960) 108 Partnership for Peace 269 Organization of Eastern Caribbean States 216 Pasternak, Boris 91, 235 Organization of Security and Patriot Act 276 Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) 271, People’s Republic ofAngola see Angola 271n23 People’s Republic of China (PRC) 15, Orwell, George (Edward Blair) 55,207 152nl, 181n9,192,206,220,231, Osipovich, Gennadiy 211n6 262n3, 263, 274, 275,278,280 in Africa 264 Oslo Accords (1993) 265 Ostpolitik 138,155-157,168,175,196 Algeria and 92 Ottoman Empire 1,4,8 Bandung Conference (1955) 95 Belt and Road
Initiative 283—284 Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza 95,180,190 Cambodian conflict and Pakistan 63,94,108,128n2,152,152nl, 219-220, 253 China Dream 283 158,163-164,176,192,194-195, civil war in 60, 62 196, 219nl8,221, 275, 276n33 Indo-Pakistani War (1965) 125 as communist power 72, 73—75, 253-254 Indo-Pakistani War (1971) 163-164 Cultural Revolution 132,157,160 Kashmir question and 125 People’s Republic of China and 125 debt-trap diplomacy 284n52 domino theory of 78 Soviet Union and 125,126 Egypt and 99 United States and 108,125,126,158, emergence of 278—279 163,176,194, 219nl8,221, 276 Pakistan’s entry into 164 post-Cold War negotiations 263 Reagan’s expansion of 206 SALT treaties 166,184-187,194, 234nl SDI proposal 208—210 US-Soviet talks 152-154 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968) 142,152,155,247,263, 264 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963) 234 nuclear weapons 2,45,53, 56—57, 72-73,90,92n5,102,104,128n8, 176,185,209,234,293 Nuremberg trials 55-56,63
330 Index enlargement of NATO and 269 espionage 263n6 European Union and 274 Germany and 273 Great Leap Forward 122 Hong Kong, return of 263 India and 125 Indonesia and 126 Iran-Iraq War 223 Japan and 157 Korean War 77-79 Kosovo War and 270-27ln21 Nigerian Civil War and 127 North Korea and 263, 264 North Vietnam and 127-128,129, 130,132,158,160,164 nuclear arms race and 113,122 Pakistan and 125,152nl, 163 Poland and 99, 208 post-Cold War economic development in 263 post-Mao political changes in 218-219,232,239-241 Russia and 263,286 Sino-globalization 283 Sino-Indian war (1962) 125 Soviet Union and 73,74,79, 92, 97,99,106,122,125,126,141, 152,153,157,160,164,166,198, 208, 218,219, 233, 239-241, 253-254, 294 territorial disputes of 283 Third World countries and 94 Tiananmen Square massacre 239-241,240,251 Uighurs 279n41, 284n51 United Nations and 39, 74, 75, 77, 158,160,219,294 United States and 35,56,60,74—75, 78-79,125,153,154,158-160, 159,163,181,184,186,188,195, 196,208,218-219,261,263, 263n6, 263n7, 270—271n21, 276, 279,280,284,285,294 US-Soviet relations and 56,152, 208, 218-219 Vietnam and 96,186, 219 Vietnam Wars and 92,127,128,129, 132,164 Warsaw pact invasion of Czechoslovakia and 141 in World War II 15,16, 30,33, 41 Xi Jinping 283—284 People’s Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) see Cambodia perestroika 232,239,250 Persia see Iran Peru 180,266 Philippines 109,128n2,276n35 phony war 19—20 Picasso, Pablo 15n6 Pinochet, Augusto 166 Poland 44nl6,96nll, 104, 272n26, 278, 282 China and 99, 208 communist control of 65,196, 207-208 entry into NATO 269 French alliance system after
World War I and 15,19 Germany and 13 Grand Alliance discussions over future borders and government 33, 35,36,41,43,44 KOR 196,197 mass emigration ofJews from 137 resurrected after World War I 8, 9 Solidarność (Solidarity) in 196-198, 207-208,214,239 Soviet Union and 11,15,17,18,19, 20, 30, 33,35, 36-37, 39,41, 44, 56, 60, 62,72, 97, 239 Soviet wartime atrocities in 20,44, 196 United States and 60,207—208, 244 Warsaw Uprising (1944) 36 West Germany and 138,156, 247, 250 withdrawal from Marshall Plan 62 World War II and 18, 20,30n2,32, 33 see also Potsdam Conference (1945); Tehran Conference (1943);Yalta Conference (1945) Polish Committee of National Liberation (PCNL) 37, 39 polycentrism 99 Pompeo, Mike 285 Pompidou, Georges 175,175nl Popular Front 15—18 Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) 137nl3 Popular Movement for the Liberation ofAngola (MPLA) 183 Portugal 70nl2,127,179,181,181n9, 272n24 Potsdam Conference (1945) 43—45, 55, 72
Index Powers, Francis Gary 108 Prague Spring (1968) 123,140-142, 140nl9,144 Putin,Vladimir 241nll, 277-278, 277n39,280n43,281-282,282n49, 285-286 Qatar 223,262n3 Quadripartite Agreement (1971) 156, 160 Rabin,Yitzhak 265 Radio Free Europe 91,197,207n3 Radio Liberty 207n3,214 Rapacki, Adam 104 Rapacki plan 104 Rapallo,Treaty of (1922) 12-13,155, 248 Reagan, Ronald 178,225,234n3,276 Gorbachev and 233-238 human rights policies of 213—214 Israeli-Palestinian conflict 224 KAL 007 incident and 211 SDI proposal of 208-210 as US president 198 US-Soviet relations and 198, 205-206,213,216 visit to Beijing 219 visit to Moscow 236, 237 Reagan doctrine 205—206 Red Army Allied support of 29 Battle of Stalingrad and 31 invasion of Manchuria 46 military successes of 30,32 Nazi invasion of Soviet Union and 21 in Poland 11,33,37 revelation of war crimes by 42 victories in East Central and Southern Europe 37 see also Soviet Union Red Scare 10—11, lln2 Reed,John 10 Republic of China see Nationalist China Republic of Korea (ROK) see South Korea Reykjavik summit (1986) 234 Rhee, Syngman 79 Ribbentrop, Joachim von 18 Rio Pact (1947) 63,70 The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (Kennedy) 231 331 Roberts, Frank 58 Rogers, William 161 ROK (Republic of Korea) see South Korea Romania 17,56,57n4,65, 96nl 1, 141n21,158,269nl9,282 communist coup (1945) 42 French alliance system after World War I and 15,17 peace treaty (1947) 60 Polish unrest and 198 Soviet Union and 20,30,37 violence in transformation of (1989) 243 Warsaw Pact ties severed 136 see aho Potsdam Conference (1945); Yalta Conference (1945)
Rome-Berlin Axis (1936) 15 Rome Statute (1998) 262 Roosevelt, Eleanor 64 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 16,21, 38, 40,45 anticolonialism 127 Atlantic Charter 30 in Cairo conferences (1943) 36 death of 42 as leader 28,31 relations with Churchill 29,30, 32, 34-36, 40 relations with Soviet Union 15,19 relations with Stahn 29,32,35—36,41 requests private meeting with Statin 34 response to fascist threat 19 United Nations, and 30, 39 vision of postwar era 35,60,73 Roosevelt, Theodore 216 Russia 25ІП23,263,274, 275 annexation of Crimea 281 Bolshevik regime in 10-11 Bolshevik Revolution 1,4—6,5n2 Bosnian War and 268,268nl7,269 civil war 6, 7,11 economy of 271n22 European Union and 272,274, 274n28 formation of USSR 13 Genoa Conference and 12 Georgia and 278 Great Game with Britain 1,187 independence of 250, 252 Kosovo War and 270,271 NATO-Russian Council 269
332 Index North Korea and 264 OSCE and 271n23 People ’s Republic of China and 263, 286 post-World War I borders of 9 resurrection of 277—278 Ukraine and 281—282 United Nations and 295 United States and 261,268,269, 269nl8,271,277-278,280,280n44, 281,282,284,285-286,294 US presidential election (2016) and 284 in World War I 4 see also Soviet Union Russian Revolution 4—6 Rwanda 262,264 Sadat, Anwar 166—167,188—189, 189, 194n22 Sakharov, Andrei 177n3,178,178n6, 179,214,235 SALT I Treaty 153-154,185 SALT II Treaty 166,184-187,194, 234nl Sandinistas 180, 180,215 Saudi Arabia 102,133,161,181,191, 221,221Ո21,223, 262, 282n48 Sauvy, Alfred 91n3 Savimbi, Jonas 221 Schengen Agreement (1985) 271 Schmidt, Helmut 175,185, 208 September 11 terrorist attacks 275, 294 Serbia 263n6,266,266nl3,266nl4, 267—271, 267; see also Yugoslavia Sharansky, Natan 235 Shevardnadze, Eduard 233,250 Shining Path 266nl2 Shultz, George 210, 211-212, 213, 224, 239 Shute, Nevil 103 Sihanouk, Norodom 220,263n4 “Silent Spring,” threat of 122 Singapore 276n35 Single European Act (1986) 271 Sino-Indian war (1962) 125 Slovakia 269nl9, 272n26 Slovenia 266, 267,269nl9,272n26, 277; see also Yugoslavia Snowden, Edward 281 Social Democratic Party (SDP) 155 Solidarność (Solidarity) 196—198, 207-208,214,239 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr 177,206,238 Somalia 181,184,262,264,267, 281 Somoza, Anastasio 180 South Africa 8, 94n7, 182 apartheid regime 179n8,264 Communist Party 220 democratic transformation 264 human rights in 142,144,176,179 member of BRICS group 278 war in Angola 183 and US 179,183, 213, 220-221,275 South America
54,180,216, 217,218, 266; see also names of specific countries Southeast Asia 18,73,79, 95, 96, 127—132,159; see also names of specific countries Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) 96 South Korea 77-80, 78,157,176,179, 181,264,284 South Vietnam 96,113,126,127—132, 130,152,161n8,164,175 South West Africa see Namibia South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO) 220 Soviet Union 38, 88 Afghanistan, invasion of 187, 192-196, 193, 195 in Africa 124-127,181-184, 220-221 arms limitation talks 152—154, 233-236,237-238 in Asia 218-220 Basic Agreement with US 154,167 Belgian Congo and 124 Berlin Crisis (1948) 68-70 Berlin Crisis (1958) 106-109 Berlin Crisis (1961) 110-111 Berlin Wall 109-110,242-243 Brezhnev doctrine 141,157, 205-206,237,239,244 Britain and 4,12,13,16,17,17—18, 18,21, 27, 27-36,43,45, 55, 57, 58,59,102,113 Cambodian conflict and 219-220 Central America and 214-216 collapse of 248—254, 249, 263n4 collective security policies of 15,17 coup (1991) 251-252 Cuba and 109—110, 111, 162, 216, 221,252,265 Cuban Missile crisis 111, 112 Czechoslovakia and 17, 62, 66,72, 140-142
Index détente 151-152,196,198 domino theory of 97 Eastern Europe and 239,241,242, 243,244-245 East Germany and 71-72, 106, 196, 241,245 economic contraction 1960s 123 economic contraction 1980s 231 Egypt and 102,103,133-134,137, 161,166-167,188 espionage 10,33,57n5,69,72nl4, 234n2,293,294 Falklands War and 218 Finland and 11,19,66, 97 Five Year Plan 13,27-28 formation of 13 France and 4,8,13,15,17,17-18,18, 20,22,40,43,66,68,113 German question and 57,59-60,62, 66,68-69 German reunification and 245—248 Germany and 12—13,14—15,17,19, 20,21,31,32,33 Grand Alliance, role in 27-30,31, 33-34,37,43,45 Helsinki Accords 168-169,176,178 human rights and 65,143-145,233, 234-235 human rights movements and 176-177 Hungarian Revolution and 97—99 Hungary and 239 India and 126 Indonesia and 126 Indo-Pakistani War (1971) and 163 Iran crisis (1946) and 58—59 Iranian revolution and 190-191 Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) and 222-223 Israel and 63,134,177, 223, 253 Japan and 14,18,19 KAL 007 incident 210-212 Korean War and 77-79 League of Nations and 4,15,19 Lend-Lease program and 31,33,43 Marshall Plan and 61—62 Middle-East wars (1948) and 63 Middle-East wars (1956) and 100-103,136-138 Middle-East wars (1967) and 133 Middle-East wars (1967-1970) and 161-163 Middle-East wars (1973) and 166-168 333 Middle-East wars (1982) and 224 Nazi-Soviet Pact 18 New Economic Policy 12 Nigerian Civil War and 127 nonintervention principles of 176, 177-178,179,236 North Vietnam and 127,129,130, 131-132,153,164 nuclear arms race and 72—73,104, 184-187,212-213,233 Pakistan and 125,126 Palestinians and 223,224
People’s Republic of China and 73,74, 79, 92, 97, 99,106,122, 125,126,141,152,153,157,160, 164,166,198,208,218,219,233, 239-241,253-254,294 perestroika and glasnost 232,239,250 Poland and 11,15,17,18,19,20, 30, 33,35,36-37,39,41,44,56,60, 62,72,97,239 purges 16,17 South Africa and 220,221 Spanish Civil War, intervention in 16 Suez Crisis and 99-103, 101,105 summit meetings (see Camp David talks; Geneva summit; Malta; Paris summit (1960); Potsdam Conference (1945); Reykjavik summit (1986);Tehran Conference (1943);Vienna meeting (1961); Vladivostok summit (1974);Yalta Conference (1945)) support for Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 137nl4 Syria and 133—134,137,162,166, 224, 233 in Third World countries 95-96, 160-161 Truman doctrine and 61-62 United Nations and 39,41 United States and 15, 40, 53, 56-57, 57n3,58-60,106-109,107,131, 133-134,145,151-154,160-161, 164-168, 165,169-170,175, 177-178,179,181-184,187,190, 205-206,210,211-212,231-232, 233,235, 237,238,248,250,251, 253,293-294 Vietnam and 75-76,96,233,236 West Germany and 68-69, 97, 138-139,155-156,157,195-196 World War II and 19, 21,29,30,53
334 Index Yugoslavia and 20, 37, 66,97 see abo Andropov,Yuri; Brezhnev, Leonid; Chernenko, Konstantin; Gorbachev, Mikhail; Khrushchev, Nikita; Lenin,Vladimir; Russia; Stahn, Joseph;Yeltsin, Boris space programs 123,145,293 Spain 15,15n6,16,90n2,127,179, 272n24,273 Sputnik 3,104 Sri Lanka, see Ceylon SS-20 missiles 184-187,219,235 Stahn, Joseph 13-14,15,18,18n7,21, 30,37n8, 37nl0, 40,42,46, 58-59, 60,60n8,62,66,67-68,72nl3, 105nl2 anti-West propaganda of 90 Berhn blockade 69 China and 74 Churchill’s percentage agreement and 37 communist coup in Czechoslovakia and 17 crimes denounced by Khrushchev 97,99 decolonization and 63 dissolution of Comintern 33-34 and Europe-First strategy 31 Five-Year Plan 13, 27-28 gulags 206 influence on Mao 74,75 Korean War and 78,79 meeting with Byrnes 56,57 meeting with Hopkins 45 meeting with Roosevelt 34 postwar diplomacy of 54 and postwar elections in Soviet Union 57 Potsdam conference and 45 purges of 16,17 rebuff of US mediation during Soviet-Finnish War 19 recognition of PCNL 39 relations with Roosevelt 29,32, 35-36,41 response to Atlantic Charter 29 response to nuclear attacks on Japan 45 response to Roosevelt’s Unconditional Surrender doctrine 32 war crimes of 20 West Germany and 71 Stalingrad, battle of (1942—1943) 27, 31,32 “StarWars”.see Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) Stettinius, Edward 39 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties see SALT II Treaty; SALT I Treaty Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) 213,233,250,251, 263, 280 Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) 208-210,225,233-235,244 Stuart, John Leighton 75 Sub-Saharan Africa 274
Sudan 264,274 Suez Canal 99-101,166 Suez Crisis 90n2,99-103, 101,104 Suharto 126 Sukarno 126 Superpowers, post-WWII see Soviet Union; United States surveillance see espionage Sweden 75,272, 272n24 Switzerland 75, 90n2 Syria 102,132-137,162,166-167,188, 222,223-224,233,281,282 Taiwan see Nationalist China Tajikistan 250n20,251n23,262,275 Tanzania 274 Taraki, Nur Muhammad 192 technological innovations 274 Tehran Conference (1943) 34—36,37, 41,55,72 Ten Days That Shook the World (Reed) 10 Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system 284 Tet offensive (1968) 130,144 Thailand 128n2,220,283 Thant, U 133 Thatcher, Margaret Falklands War and 218,218nl6 Gorbachev and 233 opposition to detente 206 opposition to German reunification 246,248 response to crackdown in Poland 208 Soviet invasion ofAfghanistan and 196 US invasion of Grenada and 216 Thiêu, Nguyen Van 130 Things Fall Apart (Achebe) 89
Index Third Reich see Germany Third World countries Bandung Conference (1955) 94-95, 95 human rights issues in 143—145 1960s economic structure of 122 Reagan’s anti-Soviet campaign and 206-207 superpower rivalry in 91—96, 160-161 Vietnam War and 123,127-132 Tiananmen Square massacre (1989) 239-241,240,251 Tibet 74,263n6, 285 The Tin Drum (Grass) 91 Tito, Josip Broz 66,72,73,75,97, 99, 266 Togliatti, Palmiro 99 Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964) 129 Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) 284, 285 Treaty ofAmsterdam (1997) 272 Treaty ofBrest-Litovsk (1918) 6,11 Treaty ofRapallo (1922) 12-13, 155, 248 Treaty of Rome (1957) 105 Treaty ofVersailles (1919) 8,10,14,15 Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe 278 Treaty on European Union 272 Treaty on German Unity (1990) 247 Triple Entente 4, 5,17 Trotsky, Leon 6,11,14 Truman, Harry S. 54, 57,127 atomic bomb and 45, 72,73 Berlin blockade and 69 Communist China and 73,75 decolonization and 63,127 Doctrine 61—62 Korean War and 77-79,79n24 Potsdam conference and 43-45 relations with Soviet Union 42—43, 45,57,60,69 Truman Doctrine 61-62 Trump, Donald J. 284—285,285n54 Turkey 20,34, 36,41,45, 57, 59,61, 66, 111,282 Turkmenistan 250n20,251n23 2001-А Space Odyssey (Kubrick) 274 “Two Thousand Words” (Vaculík) 140 U-2 Incident (1960) 106,108, 111 “Ugly American” stereotype 95-96 335 Ukraine 37n8, 41,44nl6, 25Խ23, 263, 278 Bolsheviks and 11 civil war 280, 281—282 declaration of independence 250,252 United States and 253, 284, 285 Ulbricht, Walter 156 UN Human Rights Council 283 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) see Soviet Union United Arab
Emirates 223 United Nations (UN) 109,239,271, 280, 286, 293 anti-terrorist resolution 275 Arab-Israeli War (1967) and 134, 136, 137 Bandung Conference (1955) and 94 Belgian Congo and 124,125 Bosnian War and 267, 268 Commission on Atomic Energy 56 Commission on Human Rights 64-65,144 Dumbarton Oaks Conference 39 Falklands War and 218 First Development Decade 122 founding of 34,39, 43, 44 humanitarian role of 63, 63—65, 94, 262, 264 International Atomic Energy Administration 152 Korean War and 77—78 Kosovo War and 270 Nigerian Civil War and 127 peacekeeping role of 167, 218, 262, 267, 268, 279 People’s Republic of China and 279 Resolution 242,134,189nl4 Roosevelt s proposals for 39 San Francisco Conference 43 seating of China 74,75,77,158,160 Suez Crisis and 101,103 UN Charter 271 United Nations Emergency Force 102,133 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) (1948) 65,94, 144,188 US invasion of Grenada and 216 vetoes by permanent Security Council members 39, 41, 57,77, 101,216 United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) 133
336 Index United States 70nl2, 89,121-122,261, 262n3, 274 ABM treaty and 154 in Africa 124-127,181-184,206, 220-221,251 Algeria and 92 anticolonialism of 34, 62,127 anticommunism of 16, 95 Arab-Israeli War (1967) and 132, 133-134,136,137 Arab states and 100 Argentina and 41.180, 218, 266 arms talks 152-154, 233-235, 236-237,238 Asia and 218—220 Basic Agreement with USSR 154, 167 Belgian Congo and 124—125 Berlin Airlift 68-69 Berlin Crisis and (1948) 68—70 Berlin Crisis and (1958) 106-109 Berlin Crisis and (1961) 110—111 BerlinWall and 109—110,113 Big Stick diplomacy 216 Bosnian War and 267—269, 268nl7 Britain and 19, 27, 27-36. 43, 55,57, 58, 60,100-130,113,183,197, 218,268, 275 Bush doctrine 276 Cambodia and 158,161,161n8,164, 207,219-220,236,253 Camp David talks (1959) 107—108 Camp David talks (1978) 188-189, 189 Carter doctrine 194 Central America and 206,214—216, 215, 251,265 Chile and 162nl0,166, 176, 179, 213, 266 Cuba and 109-110, 111, 162,167, 180,184,187, 215, 216, 221, 252, 265, 276 Cuban missile crisis 111, 112 cultural propaganda 89,90 in Depression era 15,16 domino theory of 77,128 Eastern Europe and 31, 43, 57, 90, 91, 98,139, 206, 235n4, 244, 250 economic contraction 1960s 123 economic contraction 1980s 231 Egypt and 100,101,103,133-134, 166,167,188,189,190 Egyptian-Israeli conflict (1967—1970) 161-162 Eisenhower doctrine 103 end of Cold War and 231-232 espionage 69,108,170,234,293,294 establishment of détente 151-152 expansion ofABM systems 153 extraordinary rendition 276 Falklands War and 218 foreign ministers’ meetings 34,56, 66, 69 France and
67—68,100,138,158,186, 195,197,275,276 Genoa Conference and 12 Georgia and 278 German question and 59—60 Germany and 276 global nuclear disarmament movement and 104,181, 209, 295 in Grand Alliance 27—33 Great Society 128,131 Helsinki Accords and 168—169,177 human rights movements and 176, 178,179-180 human rights policies 63,143-145, 176-181 Hungarian Revolution and 98 Hungary and 244 India and 163 Indonesia and 126 Indo-Pakistani War (1971) and 163 invasion of Grenada (1983) 215, 216 invasion of Panama 244nl4, 265nll Iran and 45,57, 58, 95,180,187, 190-191,222,276 Iranian hostage crisis 190—191, 194, 198 Iran-Iraq War and 222—223 Iraq and 222,248,251,276,277, 278 isolationism of 15,16 Israel and 63,100,103,133,134, 161-162,167,187-189,224,265 Japan and 14,55,56,77, 79, 95,127 KAL 007 incident 211 Korean War 77-79 Kosovo War 270-271 League of Nations and 8, 29 in Lebanon 223,224 Lend-Lease program 21,31,33, 43 Madrid Conference on the Middle East (1991) 265
Index MarshaU Plan 61- 62,66,70,90,105, 105nl2 mass shootings in 281 mediation during Soviet-Finnish War, rebuff of 19 in Middle East 161-163,166-168, 187,221-225 Middle East oil boycotts and 102, 136,167 Monroe Doctrine 109 Nationalist China and 14,16,30,33, 73,75,77,79,99,158,159,219 NATO (see North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Neutrality Acts 16,19 Nigerian Civil War and 127 Nixon doctrine 160 nonalignment and 95 North Atlantic Treaty Organization and 70, 77,79,89,92,100, 102, 104,112,113,122,136, 137,139,168,184-187,195, 197,206,208,210,212,214, 233, 235,245,246,268,269, 271, 275,276 North Korea and 264,276 North Vietnam and 3,128—132, 130, 153,154,158,161n8,164 nuclear arms race and 72—73,104, 153,184-187,212-213 nuclear attack on Japan 45—46 occupation ofHaiti 265nll October War (1973) and 167 Operation Enduring Freedom 276-277 Oslo Accords and 265 “pactomania” 95 Pakistan and 108,125,126,153,158, 163,176,194-195,219nl8,221 Paraguay and 266 People’s Republic of China and 35, 56, 60,74-75,78-79,125,153, 154,158-160, 159,163,181,184, 186,188,195,196,208,218-219, 261,263,263n6,263n7,270,276, 279,280,283,284,285, 294 Poland and 60,207-208,244 post-World War II economic boom 54 presidential election (2016) 284 Reagan doctrine 205—206 Red Scare 10-11, lln2 337 reunification of Germany and 245-246,248 rollback doctrine 98,244 Russia and 261, 268,269, 269nl8, 271,275,276,277-278, 280,280n44,281,282,284, 285-286, 294 SALT talks and 153-154, 166, 185-187 South Africa and 220,221 South America and 54,180,218,266 South Vietnam and 96, 96nl0,113, 128-132, 130,132 Soviet Union and
15, 40,53, 56-57, 57n3,58-60,106-109, 107, 131,133-134,145, 151-154, 160-161,164-168, 165, 169-170,175,177-178, 179, 181-184,187,190,205-206, 210,211-212,231-232,233, 235,237,238,248,250,251,253, 293-294 Suez Crisis and 100-103 summit meetings (see Camp David talks; Geneva summit; Malta; Paris summit (1960); Potsdam Conference (1945); Reykjavik summit (1986);Tehran Conference (1943);Vienna meeting (1961); Vladivostok summit (1974);Yalta Conference (1945)) Syria and 133—134 Syrian civil war and 282n48 Taiwan and (see Nationalist China) targeted by al Qaeda 262,274—277 in Third World countries 91—96, 160-161 Treaty ofVersailles (1919) and 10 Truman doctrine 61—62 U-2 reconnaissance flights 106,108 Ukraine: 281,282,286 United Nations and 30,35,38,39, 41,58,63,75,98,101,134,137, 143,158,187,216,220,271,294 Uruguay and 266 War on Terror 275-277,279,294 Watergate 166,166nl6,175nl West Germany and 157 World War I entry 5 in World War II 19, 21-22,29-30,32, 35,36, 45-46 Yugoslavia and 66
338 Index see aho Bush, George H. W.; Bush, George W.; Carter, Jimmy; Clinton, Bill; Eisenhower, Dwight David; Johnson, Lyndon В.; Kennedy, John Fitzgerald; Nixon, Richard; Reagan, Ronald; Roosevelt, Franklin Delano;Truman, Harry S.;Vietnam War; Wilson, Woodrow Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 65, 94,144,188 Uruguay 180,266 US HelsinkiWatch Group 177, 179, 214 US Neutrality Acts 16,19 USS Cole 274 Ustinov, Dmitriy 194 US War Powers Act 271 Uzbekistan 251n23, 275 Vaculík, Ludvík 139nl6,140 Vance, Cyrus 185 V-E Day (1945) 70 Velvet Revolution 243 Vienna meeting (1961) 109 Viet Cong 128,129n9,13ІПІ0 Vietnam 136,207,263n4,284 Cambodia and 219-220 China and 76,186,219, 220,263 defeat of France 92 Soviet Union and 75—76, 96, 233, 236 United States and 76, 96,113 see aho NorthVietnam; South Vietnam;Vietnam War Vietnam War (US) 123,127-132, 130. 153,158,164-165 V-J Day (1945) 46 Vladivostok summit (1974) 186 Voice ofAmerica 91, 214,235 Wajda, Andrzej 139nl6 Wałęsa, Lech 197 Wallace, Henry 58 Wall Street bombing lln2 War on Drugs 265nl 1 War on Terror (US) 275-277, 279, 294 Warsaw Pact 96,139, 246 aid to NorthVietnam 131 Eastern European withdrawal from 243 Hungarian threat of withdrawal from 97 invasion of Czechoslovakia 141 military superiority of 104 Romania severs ties with 136 Washington Naval Conference (1921-1922) 12 West Berlin 68-72, 68, 71,91n3, 106-107,110-111,113,138,142, 155,235,242 Western culture response to aftermath ofWWI 12 response to Cold War 89,139,145 West Germany 104,105,185nl2, 206n2 Basic Treaty with East Germany 157 division of Europe and
138—139 economic conditions in 155 establishment of 70-72, 71 and France 105 German reunification and 245—248 MoscowTreaty and 155 oil boycott against 136 Ostpolitik 155—157 Polish unrest and 197 Prague Spring and 140nl8 Soviet Union and 68-69, 97, 138-139,155-156,157,195-196 Suez Crisis and 104 takes part in war against Serbia 268, 270 United States and 70,136,157,197 Wilson, Woodrow 5—6, 29 Winter War (1939-1940) 19 Wojtyła, Karol Józef see John Paul II Workers’ Defense Committee (KOR) 196,197 World Bank 38, 88 World Refugee Year (1959) 89 World Trade Organization (WTO) 263, 263n7,278, 279,280n44 World War I 2,4, 6,8-10, 9,15 World War II 2,18-22,27, 29,30n2, 32, 36,42-46, 53, 54 atrocities 33, 42, 46, 63 Europe-First strategy 31 phony war 19—20 see also Grand Alliance World War III, fear of 53 Xi Jinping 283-284, 283n50, 285 Yalta Conference (1945) 39—42, 40,43, 44, 55, 72, 236
Index Yanukovych,Viktor 281 Yeltsin, Boris 212ո8,250,252, 253-254,263,269,271,277, 277ո39 Yemen 133, 262ոՅ, 274, 281 Yevtushenko,Yevgeny 252 youth revolts of 1960s 145 Yugoslavia 20,37,65,66,97, 98, 141Ո21,243nl3,262,266-271, 339 266nl3, 267; see also Bosnia; Croatia; Macedonia; Montenegro; Serbia; Slovenia Zakharov, Gennady 234n2 Zhdanov, A. A. (Andrei) 62 Zhivkov, Todor 243 Zhou Enlai 75,158, 159,219 Zimbabwe 183,220,221
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Contents Preface to the Third Edition List of Photographs List of Maps Abbreviations and Acronyms Chronology Introduction 1 Prelude: Soviet Russia and the West, 1917-1941 XV xvii xix xxi xxv 1 4 War and Revolution 4 A Contested Peace 8 The Soviet Entry into World Politics 10 The Dark Decade, 1931-1939 14 The Aggressors Triumphant, 1939—1941 19 Suggestions for Further Study 22 2 The Grand Alliance, 1941-1945 27 Disparate Partners 27 Turning the Tide while Tensions Mount 32 Moving Apart 36 Yalta 39 The End of World War II 42 Suggestions for Further Study 46 3 Cold War, 1945-1952 Two Rivals Emerge 53 Nuremberg: The Final Collaboration 55 The Rupture 56 1947: The Division of Europe 60 The World Outside Europe 62 Prague and Berlin 65 53
Xli Contents 1949 69 War in Korea 7 / Suggestions for Further Study SO 4 The Widening Conflict, 1953-1963 Divided Europe 90 A Global Cold War 91 The 1956 Crises and their Aftermath 96 Peaceful Coexistence? 106 Cuba and Berlin 109 Exit Kennedy and Khrushchev 113 Suggestions for Further Study 114 5 The Sixties Superpower Rivalry in Africa and Asia 124 Vietnam 121 The June 1967 Arab-Israeli War 132 Prague: August 1968 138 1968: International Human Rights Year 142 Suggestions for Further Study 145 6 Détente, 1969—1975 Reducing the Nuclear Threat 152 Ostpolitik 155 Ping-Pong Diplomacy 157 Testing Détente, 1970—1974 160 Helsinki 168 Suggestions for Further Study 170 7 Détente Collapses, 1975-1980 Human Rights 176 The Cold War in Africa 181 SS-20 Missiles and SALT II 184 The Middle East: 1979 187 Solidarnost 196 Suggestions for Further Study 198 8 The Second Cold War, 1981-1985 The Deterioration of US-Soviet Relations 207 Central and South America 214 Asia 218
Contents xiii Ąfrka 220 The Middle East 221. Suggestions for Further Study 225 9 The End of the Cold War, 1985-1991 233 The Gorbachev Revolution in International Affairs 232 1989: The Transformation of Eastern Europe 238 1990: German Reunification 245 1991: The Collapse of the Soviet Union 248 Suggestions for Further Study 254 10 Aftermath: A New World Disorder The 1990s: A Global View 261 The Wars in Yugoslavia and NATO Expansion 266 The European Union 271 Upheaval: 2001-2011 274 The Disordered World, 2011—2021 280 Suggestions for Further Study 286 261 Conclusion 293 Individuals Bibliography Index 305 297 316
Now in its third edition, Cold War provides an accessible and comprehensive account of the decades-long conflict between two nuclear-armed Superpowers during the twentieth century. This book offers a broader timeline than any other Cold War text, charting the lead-up to the conflict from the Russian Revolution to World War II, providing an authoritative narrative and analysis of the period between 1945 and 1991, and scrutinizing the 30-year aftermath, including the prospect of a “new Cold War.” In this new edition, Carole K. Fink provides new insights and perspectives on key events, with an emphasis on people, power, and ideas. The third edition covers developments in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America as well as in Europe. It also includes • • • • Eleven new or revised maps that illustrate the global reach of the long conflict An extended chronology that includes recent international events A discussion of the post-Cold War roles of the US, Russia, and China in world politics An updated bibliography reflecting new scholarship in Cold War and post-Cold War history Cold War is the consummate book on this complex twentieth-century rivalry and will be of interest to students of contemporary US and international history and history enthusiasts alike.
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Index Note: Page numbers in italics refer to images or maps. Page numbers followed by “n” refer to notes. ABM Treaty (1972) 154,210,234, 278 Achebe, Chinua 89 Acheson, Dean 61,75,77 Adams, Eddie 131nl0 Adenauer,Konrad 104—105,107, 111, 138,155 Afghanistan 233,252-253,262,278 civil war in 276 reduction of US combat troops from 280 Soviet invasion of 187,192—196, 193, 195 Taliban regime 253n24,274, 275,276 UN role in 194n23,274,275, 276 US aid to anti-Soviet forces in 194, 205-206,219nl8,233 US invasion of 275—277 withdrawal of Soviet troops from 219,236 Afghan United Front 276 Africa 2,88,92,94,105,160,281, 281Ո45 Angola/Namibia Accords (1988) 264 decolonization 93 human rights issues in South Africa 143,144 post-Cold War conditions in 264 US-Soviet rivalry in 124-125,126127,181-184,206,220-221,251 see also names ofspecific countries African National Congress (ANC) 220, 264 Albania 65,96nll, 157,243nl3, 269nl9,270-271 Albright, Madeleine 270 Algeria 92, 99,100,128n7,160 Allende, Salvador 162nl0,166 Allied Control Council 43,44,59, 68 Al-Nusra Front 282n48 Al Qaeda 262,263nl, 274-277, 276n35,282n48, 284 Ames, Aldrich 234n2 Amin, Hafizullah 192—193,194n22 Amnesty International 143, 143n23, 177 Andropov,Yuri 194, 206,209,212,213, 216,232,235 Angola 207, 265 civil war in 181,183,264 South Africa and 220—221,264 Soviet Union and 182,183,221,236 United States and 182,183,221 UN peacekeeping missions in 262 antiballistic missile (ABM) programs 153,154,158 anticolonialism 13,34,62, 74,80,125, 127,219; see also decolonization Anti-Comintern Pact (1937) 15 apartheid 179, 264 Apollo
8,3,145 appeasement 16,17, 69 Arab League 133,136,162 Arab states 63, 90n2,152,187; see also Egypt; Iraq; Jordan; Saudi Arabia; Syria Arafat,Yasser 223 Arbenz Guzman, Jacobo 95 Argentina 41,180, 216, 217, 218, 266 Arkipov, Ivan 219 Armenia 214,250 arms race see nuclear arms race Aron, Raymond 98 Asia 2, 88,91,160 Belt and Road Initiative 283
Index decolonization and civil wars in 92-96, 93 human rights issues in 143,145 ' Islamic militancy in 262 post-Cold War conditions in 263-264 Potsdam agreements and 45 Tehran agreements and 35 US-Soviet rivalry in 125-126, 206, 218-220,251 World War II and 30,35,41, 54 Yalta agreements and 41 see aho names of specific countries Asian Development Bank 283 Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank 283 Assad, Bashar al-, 282, 282n48 Assad, Hafez al-, 133,166,188 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) 220,220nl9 Aswan Dam 96n9,100 Atlantic Charter 29-30,33, 35,39, 63, 238 atomic age 43, 45; see also nuclear arms race; nuclear weapons Attlee, Clement 43,54, 74, 79n24 Australia 8,126, 275 Austria ІОпЗ, 34, 59,65, 65nl0, 72, 97, 239,272, 272n24 Azerbaijan 250n20,251n23, 262 Baghdad Pact 106 Bahrain 223 Bahr, Egon 155 Baker,James 253 Bakhtiar, Shapour 190 Baltic states 19, 30,169,250-251,252, 262; see also Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania Bandung Conference (1955) 94-95, 94, 99,126,219 Bangladesh 163 Bao Dai 76 Baruch, Bernard 61 Baruch Plan 57n3 Batista, Fulgencio 109 Bay of Pigs invasion (1961) 109-110 BBC 91,235 Begin, Menachem 188-190, 189,223 Belarus 44nl6, 251n23,252, 263 Belgian Congo 124—125; see also Congo Belgium 20, 43, 66,70nl2,105,125, 185nl2,272n24 317 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) 283-284 Benelux countries 105; see also Belgium; Luxembourg; Netherlands Beneš, Eduard 37 Ben-Gurion, David 100,102,136 Berlin 42, 68, 71,106,107-108, 110-111, 110,113,242, 248 Quadripartite Agreement on (1971) 156,160 rebuilding of 90-91 see aisadest Berlin Berlin Airlift (1948-1949) 68-69,
68 Berlin Blockade (1948-1949) 3, 69 Berlin Crisis (1948) 68-70 (1958) 106-108 (1961) 110-111 Berlin Wall construction of 110—111, 110 economic effect on West Berlin 156 effect on Eastern Europe 139 fall of 3,242, 242,245 as restraint on Superpowers 113 as symbol of Cold War 111, 242 West Germany and 138 Bevin, Ernest 57 Big Stick diplomacy 216 Biko, Stephen 179 bin Laden, Osama 262, 274—276, 276n33,280 Biological Weapons Convention 277n37 Bismarck, Otto von 239, 245nl5 Blum, Léon 42 Bolshevik Revolution 1, 4—6, 5n2, 10-11,22,136,192nl8,236 Bosnia 266nl3, 266nl4, 267—269, 267 Bosnia-Herzegovina see Bosnia; Bosnian War;Yugoslavia Bosnian War 267—269 Botha, Pieter Willem 221,221n20 Brandenburg Gate 235, 242 Brandt,Willy 139,175nl assumes responsibility for Nazi war crimes 156 Basic Treaty and 157 Berlin Wall and 111 Gromyko ’s meeting with 142 Ostpolitik 138,155-157,175 US/Soviet relations and 152 Brazil 176,180,266,278 breathing space 6
318 Index Bretton Woods Conference (1944) 38, 57,88 Brezhnev, Leonid 125,142,156ոՅ, 169, 213 in Africa 183,184 Arab-Israeli conflict and 133,161, 162,163,166,167,168 arms limitation talks 153—154 Basic Agreement with US 154,168 Brandt’s administration and 155—156 Carter’s sanctions against USSR 179 coup in Afghanistan 192 defense of socialism 139 détente and 151-152,175,198 Helsinki Accords and 168 human rights, views on 178,179 invasion of Czechoslovakia 140 noninterference principles of 177-178 SALT II negotiations and 185—187 Soviet-China relations 160 Third World strategies 160 Vietnam War and 164 visit to US 165,166 workers’ strikes in Poland and 198 Brezhnev doctrine 141,157, 205-206, 237,239, 244 BRICS group 278, 283 Britain 10,14,272, 272n24, 273 acquisition of German colonies after World War I 8 Afghanistan and 275 Berlin Airlift 68-69 Bosnian War and 268, 268nl7 EEC membership 105,157,168 exit from EU 281n45 Falklands War 216, 217,218 Germany and 15,16,18, 20-21, 21, 30,44,55,59-60,68-69,245 in Grand Alliance 27—36 Great Game with Russia 1,187 Greek Civil War and 39 Hong Kong and 74, 263 human rights and 63 Indonesia and 126 Japan and 14,16 Locarno Treaties and 13 Middle East oil boycotts and 102, 136,168 Nigeria and 126 nuclear arms race 105,185 People’s Republic of China and 74 Polish unrest and 197 Soviet Union and 4,12,13,16,17, 17-18,18,21,27,27-36,43, 45, 55,57,58,59,102,113 Suez crisis and 99—103, 101 Summit Conferences (see Cairo conferences (1943); Casablanca Conference (1943); Geneva summit; Paris summit (1960); Potsdam Conference (1945); Tehran
Conference (1943);Yalta Conference (1945)) United States and 19,27,36-37,43, 55, 57, 58, 60, 99-103,113,183, 197,218,268,275 on UN Security Council 39,101, 134,273 withdrawal from colonies 61, 63, 93 withdrawal of forces east of Suez 137-138 World War I and 4,17 World War II and 18,20-21,21, 27-32, 54 Brussels Pact (1948) 70 Brzezinski, Zbigniew 178,185 Budapest 8, 98,141 Bukovsky,Vladimir 178 Bulgaria 20, 37, 42,45,56, 57n4, 60,65, 96nll, 157, 243, 269nl9 Burma 30,75, 94, 96 Bush, George H.W 237, 239, 250 German unification and 245-248 Middle East and 251, 253 Panama, invasion of 245nl4,265nl 1 Soviet Union and 239,244, 251—253 strategic arms control and 251 War on Drugs 265nl 1 Bush, George W abandonment of international agreements 277,278 “axis of evil” 276 People’s Republic of China and 279 relations with Putin 277-278 War on Terror 275-277,279 Bush (G.W.) doctrine 276 Byrnes,James 44,56, 57, 58, 59—60 Cairo conferences (1943) 34,36 Cambodia 92,128,129n9,158,161, 161n8,164,165,165nl4,207, 219-220,236,253,263 Camp David talks (1959) 107-108 (1978) 188-189
Index Canada 70,70nl2 Cape Verde Islands 181 Caribbean 111, 215,216,265;see also Cuba; Grenada, US invasion of Carson, Rachel 122 Carter,Jimmy 184,189,197,213 Camp David Accords and 188—189 diplomatic policies in Africa 183—184 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty and 187-188 human rights policies of 178—181 Iran and 190-191 Panama Canal Treaty 180 Soviet invasion ofAfghanistan and 194-195 strikes in Poland and 197 support of KOR 197 as US president 178 Carter doctrine 194 Casablanca Conference (1943) 32 Cassin, René 144-145 Castro, Fidel 2,109-110,124,184, 206, 265 CeauŞescu, Nicolae 243 Central America 206,214—216,215, 251,265; see abo El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) 68, 90,92,109,124,127,128,137nl3, 183,194,197,207,215,234n2, 274, 276 Central Powers (World War I) 5,6,9 Ceylon 94 Chamberlain, Neville 16 Chechnya 277 Chernenko, Konstantin 206, 213 Chernobyl 231,234 Chernyaev, Anatoly 233,236n7 Chiang Kai-shek 36, 46, 62,73, 75 Chile 162nl0,166,176,179,180, 213, 266 China see Nationalist China; People’s Republic of China (PRC) China Dream 283 Churchill, Winston 27,34,36 Atlantic Charter and 29—30 at Casablanca Conference 32 on character of Hitler 21 electoral defeat of 43 in Grand Alliance 27—36 Iron Curtain warning 57 negotiations with Stahn 37—38, 38nll,39 319 North African campaign of 31 relations with Truman 43 resistance to Nazi air offensive 20-21 at Tehran Conference 34-36 atYalta Conference 39-42, 40 Cliburn,Van 89 Climate crisis see Global warming Clinton, Bill Bosnian War and 267—268,269 Cuba and 265 enlargement of NATO and
269 Haiti and 265nll Kosovo War and 271 North Korea and 264 Oslo Accords and 265 People s Republic of China and 263, 263n7 threat ofAl Qaeda 274—275 Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK) 220 Cominform (Communist Information Bureau) 62,66,67,97 Comintern (Communist International) 10,13,15,16,33-34 Commission on Human Rights, UN (CHR) 64-65,144 Committee for State Security (KGB) 92,137,137Ո14,140,156n3,168nl7, 192-193,235,248,252 Common Market see European Economic Community Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 252,253 communism 1 in Asia and Middle East 62 Bolshevik Revolution 4—6,5n2 collapse of in Eastern Europe 249, 266 Gorbachev s attempts to reform 238 in Southeast Asia 165 USSR control over 103 see abo Cominform; Comintern; Lenin,Vladimir; Statin, Joseph communist China see People’s Republic of China (PRC) Communist International (Comintern) see Comintern communist parties China 75, 279n42,283,285,294 Czechoslovakia 140 Eastern Europe 139,140 East Germany 139,156 France 92
320 Index Indonesia 126 South Africa 220 Soviet Union 2,225, 253 Western Europe 91 see also Comintern Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty ΤΠώΆΊ Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) 168, 178,214,246,248,271n23 Congo 123,124-125,160 Congress of the Peoples of the East 10 Contact Group (Bosnia) 268 containment 61, 61n9,70nl2,76 Contras 215, 216 coronavirus pandemic 280, 285 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon, CMEA) 105Ո12,243 Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM) 45,46 Crimea 40,251,281 Croatia 266,266nl3,267, 268, 269nl9; see dise Yugoslavia Cuba 111, 122nl, 160,162,180,187, 215,216,221,233, 252, 265 Bay of Pigs invasion (1961) 109-110 Guantanamo Bay 276 revolution 109 troops to Africa 183,184,186 Cuban missile crisis (1962) 111, 112, 122 Cultural Revolution (China) 132, 157, 160 cyber-warfare 25,281, 295 Cyprus 272n26 Czechoslovakia 16-17, 96nll, 104,138, 157,239 Charter 77,178 Communist coup (1948) 66 establishment of diplomatic ties with West Germany 157 expulsion of ethnic Germans 44 Munich Agreement and 17 Nasser’s arms deals with 99 Polish unrest and 197-198 Prague Spring reforms in 140-142 Soviet Union and 17, 62, 66, 72, 140-142 United States and 141 Velvet Revolution in 243 Warsaw Pact invasion of 141 withdrawal from Marshall Plan 62 Czech Republic 269,272n26,278 Daniloff, Nicholas 234n2 Daoud Khan, Mohammad 192 The Day After (television program) 213 Dayton Peace Agreement 268, 268nl6 D-Day invasion 38 decolonization 63, 93,143, 293 Decree on Peace (1917) 5 De Gaulle, Charles 102,107,113, 128n7,138,141 De Klerk, Frederik Willem 264 Delors,
Jacques 271 Deng Xiaoping 208,218—219, 232, 241, 254 Denmark 20, 70nl2, 74, 272n24 depression, global 8,14,15; see abo Great Depression DESOTO patrols 128 detente 114,131,138,139, 151-152, 155-157,169-170, 175, 196, 198 Deutsche Welle 235 Diêm, Ngo Dinh 96,113,127,128 Diên Bien Phù. Battle of (1954) 92 Djilas, Milovan 37nl0 Dobrynin, Anatoly 153 Dominican Republic 122nl, 180,215, 216nl4 domino theory 152,170 China and 78 Soviet Union and 97 United States and 77,128 Dr. Zhivago (Pasternak) 91, 235 Dubček, Alexander 140,141,145 Du Bois, W. E. B. 99 Dulles, John Foster 95, 98,244 Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944) 39 Eastern Europe 98, 206 cultural changes in 139,139nl6 and European Union 272, 274 Helsinki Accords and 168 Iron Curtain and 57, 67, 90,99,110, 113,139 Prague Spring and 140—142 transition of 238—245, 249 US “building bridges” policy and 139 USSR’s collapse and 249 see also names oft specific countries East Germany 96nl 1,239 Basic Treaty with West Germany 157 establishment of 71-72, 71
Index exodus from 241,242 People’s Republic of China and 241 Polish unrest and 197-198 reunification and 245-248 Soviet Union and 71-72,106,196, 241,245 West Germany’s refusal to recognize 138,157 see also West Germany East Timor 181n9 Eden, Anthony 34,99,100,101,102 Egypt 64 Arab-Israeli conflict and 132—134, 135,136,137,161,166-167 Aswan Dam 96n9,100 division of Palestine and 63, 64 Suez Crisis 99-103,101 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty (1979) 187-190,189,192n20 Ehrenburg, Ilya 31n3 Eisenhower, Dwight David 79, 95n8, 106,152 Algerian War and 92 arms race and 104,108 background 89 Belgian Congo and 124 Berlin and 107-108 Camp David talks (1959) 107-108 Cuba and 109 doctrine 103 human rights and 143 Hungarian Revolution and 98 Lebanon and 224,224n26 military-industrial complex 108 Open Skies proposal 106 Suez crisis and 100,101-102, 103, 104 U-2 incident (1960) 108 Vietnam and 92n5,96,127 Elimination ofAll Forms of Racial Discrimination, UN Resolution on (1965) 144 El Salvador 180,207,214-216, 215, 253, 265 Enigma code transmissions 30, 30n2 environmental movement 262 Eshkol,Levi 133,136 espionage 1,10,33,57,57n5,72nl4, 75,108.170,212,263n6,281,293, 294-295 Estonia 11,18, 245nl5,250,250n20, 269nl9, 272n26,282; see abo Baltic states 321 Ethiopia 15,181,182,183-184,187, 207,233,236,264,265 euro, as first common currency 272, 273 Europe 281 after Cold War 271-274 Belt and Road Initiative 283 borders after World War I 9 division of 60-62, 65-69, 67 Helsinki Accords and 169 Iron Curtain and 57, 90—91, 99,104, 105,138,139,266 Islamic militancy in 262 post-Cold War conditions in
265, 271-274 postwar growth and stability 90 post-World War II attempts to unify 104-105 World War II causalities and devastation in 42 see also Eastern Europe; names of specific countries European Advisory Commission 34, 45 European Coal and Steel Community (1951) 105 European Community (EC) see European Economic Community European Economic Community (EEC) 105,123,168.266, 268,269, 271-272 European Union (EU) 271-274,278, 281,282 Europe-First strategy 31 euroskepticism 272 extraordinary rendition 276 Falklands War (1982) 216, 217, 218 . Farouk (king of Egypt) 99 Federal Bureau of Investigation Hn2 Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) see West Germany Finland 11,18,19, 21, 22,30, 45, 57n4, 60,65, 65nl0,75, 97,266,272, 272n24 Five-Year Plan 13, 27—28,79 Foch, Ferdinand 10 Ford, Gerald 168,175,177,177n4, 186, 187 Foreign Affairs (magazine) 61 foreign ministers’ conferences 34,56, 66,69,107 Forman, Miloš 139nl6 Fourteen Points 6,29,238
322 Index France 14, 66,70nl2,105,136, 152nl, 273 acquisition of German colonies after World War I 8 Algeria and 92 Bosnian War and 268,268nl7 division of Europe and 138 end of rule in Indochina 92,127 Genoa Conference and 12 Germany and 8,13,18,66,70,105, 245,246 Locarno Treaties and 13 Nigerian Civil War and 127 nuclear arms race and 102—103,113, 185 People’s Republic of China and 74 Polish unrest and 197 role in EEC 105 role in UN 39 Soviet Union and 4, 8,13,15,17, 17-18,18,20,22,40,43,66, 68, 113 Suez crisis and 100—103, 101 United States and 67-68,100,138, 158,186,195-196,197,275,276 withdrawal from NATO command 138 in World War II 18,19,20 Yalta agreements and 40 Franco, Francisco, Italy’s support for 15,16 Frederick the Great 239 Free Democratic Party (FDP) 155 French-Soviet Pact (1935) 15 Front for the National Liberation of Angola (FNLA) 183 Gaddafi, Muammar 281n46 Gagarin,Yuri 109 Gandhi, Indira 163 GDR (German Democratic Republic) see East Germany Gemayel, Bashir 223 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 88 Geneva Accords 1954,92,92n5,92n6 1988, 236n6 Geneva Convention (1949) 271 Geneva summit 1955,106,107 1985,233 Genoa Conference (1922) 12,169 Georgia 178,250,250n20, 251,252, 262,278 Gerasimov, Gennadi 239 German Democratic Republic (GDR) see East Germany Germany 10n3, 66, 272n24 aggression 1930s 15,17,18 Anti-Comintern Pact (1937) 15 Bosnian War and 268,268nl7 division of 71—72, 71 Genoa Conference and 12 Helsinki Accords and 169 Locarno Treaties and 13 Nazi-Soviet Pact and 18 Nuremberg trials 55—56 and People’s Republic of China 273 Poland and 13
post-Cold War conditions in 271 post-World War I borders of 9 post-World War II governance of 57, 104-108 Potsdam Agreement (1945) and 44 reunification of 245—248,262 Rome-Berlin Axis (1936) 15 Soviet Union and 12—13,14—15,17, 19,20,21,31,32,33 Tehran Conference (1943) and 35 United States and 276 Versailles Treaty (1919) and 10 war crimes of 42 in World War I 6,8 in World War II 19-21,30,31,32-34 Yalta agreements and 40 see also Berlin; Berlin Airlift; Berlin Blockade; Berlin Wall; East Germany; West Germany Ghana 160 Giscard d’Estaing,Valéry 175 glasnost 232 global culture antiwar movements 131 East-West competition and 90 1950s 89,91 1960s youth revolts 145 1980s peace movements 206 in postwar Eastern Europe 139, 139nl6 see also titles offilms and books globalization 26Ì, 262,278,295 global warming 261, 262, 280, 284, 286 Goldstein, Baruch 265nl0 Goldwater, Barry 128n8 Gomułka, Władysław 66, 97
Index Gorbachev, Mikhail 239,245nl5, 248, 294 arms talks and 233-235, 237-238, 237 on Brezhnev doctrine 237 Bush and 244,246, 250,251, 252, 253 call to Sakharov 235 coup in USSR and 251—252 on East Germans’ appeal for democracy 241 election of 225 farewell address 254 foreign policy of 233, 250 German reunification and 246-247 glasnost policy of 232 and Iraqi invasion of Kuwait 248 on Kosovo issue 271 on NATO 269nl8 Nobel Peace Prize awarded to 243 perestroika policy of 232,250 Reagan and 233-238, 23 7 as Soviet leader 232 at UN General Assembly 236 visit to China 240 Gouzenko, Igor 57n5 Gowon, Yakubu 126—127 Grand Alliance about 27 decisions on Germany 43,44 origins of 27—32 postwar dissolution of 53, 70 rivalries among partners in 32—35, 36-39 war casualties 43 see abo Britain; Potsdam Conference (1945); Soviet Union;Tehran Conference (1943); United States; Yalta Conference (1945) The Grand Illusion (film) 16 Grand Mosque, seizure of 221n21 Grass, Günter 91 Great Britain see Britain Great Depression 8,14,15, 28, 38 Great Game 1,187 Greece 37,38,39, 41nl3,43, 60,61, 65, 176,179, 266, 272n24 Green Revolution 122 Grenada, US invasion of 215,216 Gromyko, Andrei 58,142,169,232 Grósz, Károly 239 Guatemala 95,180,214—216,215,265 Guevara, Ernesto “Che” 137nl3,145 323 Guinea 181 GulfWar (1991) against Iraq 247—248, 250-251,253 Haddad,Wadi 137nl4 Haig, Alexander 213,223n25 Haile Selassie 183 Haiti, US occupation of 265nl 1 Hamas 265 Hammarskjöld, Dag 124,125 Harding, Warren G. 10n3 Havel,Václav 139nl6, 243 Helsinki Accords (1975) decisions in favor of USSR 168—169 human rights
provisions of 169,176, 177,178,179,181,196 rights of sovereign states in 246 Soviet violations of 239 Heng Samrin 219 Hess, Rudolf 29, 56 Heym, Stefan 139nl6 Hezbollah 223, 282n48 Hilton, Conrad 91n3 Hitler, Adolf 2n2,13,14,15-18, 20, 21, 30,31,32,34 Ho Chi Minh 76,92n5,145 Holbrooke, Richard 268 Honduras 180, 215, 215 Honecker, Erich 156, 241 Hong Kong 74, 263,285 Hopkins, Harry 29,43 Hu Jintao 279,284 Hull, Cordell 21-22, 35 human rights Carter and 178—181 Gorbachevs proposals on 233, 234-235 Helsinki Accords and 169,181,196 humanitarian movements 89, 142-145 Nigerian Civil War and 127 Reagan’s policies on 205, 213—214 Third World interpretation of 94,144 UN defense of 63—65 Hungarian Revolution 96—99, 98,101 Hungary ІОпЗ, 90n2,157, 241, 272n26 entry into NATO 269 peace treaty after World War II 60 Polish unrest and 198 postwar communist control of 65 Potsdam agreements and 44 Red Army invasion of 37 revolution in 96—99, 98,101
324 Index Soviet support of constitutional changes in 239 Soviet Union and 62 US policy on transition of 244 withdrawal from Marshall Plan 62 Hun Sen 263ո4 Husák, Gustav 141n20,243 Hussein (king ofJordan) 134, 162 Hussein, Saddam 222, 248,276, 277 Iceland 70nl2 imperial preference system 38nl2 Independence for Colonial Peoples, UN Declaration on (1960) 144 India 61, 63,75, 93,94, 96, 96n9,123, 152,152nl, 157,181n9,275,278,283 Belt and Road 283 Indo-Pakistani War (1965) 125 Indo-Pakistani War (1971) 163-164 Kashmir question and 125 People’s Republic of China and 125 Sino-Indian war (1962) 125 Soviet Union and 126 United States and 163 Indonesia 75, 93,94, 96,123,126,160, 176,181n9,220nl9, 276n35,284 Belt and Road Initiative and 283 coup (1965) 126 Malaysian Federation and 126 and People’s Republic of China 126 and Soviet Union 126 Indo-Pakistani War (1965) 125 Indo-Pakistani War (1971) 163—164 İnönü, Ismet 36 intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) 104,108,111 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) 213,235-236 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (later World Bank) 38; see also World Bank International Conference on Human Rights (1968) 144 International Criminal Court 56n2, 262, 270, 277n37 International Human Rights Year (1968) 142-145 International League for Human Rights 177 International Monetary Fund (IMF) 38, 88,207,271Ո22,283 International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) 276 Iran 57,133,161,176,234n3,280, 282n48, 284 Black Friday 190nl5 Bush doctrine and 276 defeat of pro-German government in 29 Khrushchev’s courtship of 96 revolution in
187,190-191, 191, 192n20 Soviet delay in withdrawal from 58-59 US relations with 95,161,176,180, 190-191, 222n22,234n3,236,280, 281,285n54 US-sponsored coup in 95 Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) 222-223 Iraq 99.106,191, 251, 262, 262n3, 277, 278 Abu Ghraib detention center, prisoner abuse in 277 civil war in 276 invasion of Kuwait 247-248, 250 removal of US combat troops from 280 US invasion of 276 Ireland 272n24 Iron Curtain 2,57, 67, 90-91, 99, 104, 105,110,138,139,169,177, 236n7,244 Islam historic rivalry with the West 3 post-Cold War threats by militants 222,262,265nl0,274-277 Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 282n48, 284 Israel 94n7,152,152nl, 262n3 Arab-Israeli War (1967) 132-138, 135 declaration of independence 63 division of Palestine and 63 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty (1979) 187-189 establishment of 64 invasion of Lebanon (1982) 223-224 Israeli-Palestinian conflict 222, 223-224, 265, 280, 281 Nigerian Civil War and 127 October War (1973) 166-168 Oslo Accords (1993) 265 role in Suez Crisis 99,100-103, 101, 102-103 support of Soviet Jewry campaign 177 War ofAttrition with Egypt (1969-1970) 161-162
Index Italy 57n4,70nl2,105,185ո12,272ո24 communists in 68,99 fascist seizure of power in 13 invasion of Ethiopia 15 Locarno Treaties and 13 peace treaty with Allies (1947) 60 Potsdam agreements and 45 Rome-Berlin Axis (1936) 15 Soviet Union and 195—196 US aid to 68 World War II and 21 Jackson-Vanik Amendment 168,177 Japan 263n6,283 acquisition of German colonies after World War I 8 aggression in 1930s 14 atomic bomb dropped on 45—46 Belt and Road 283 Britain and 16 China and 15,33,74,157 economic revival 123,231 Pearl Harbor attack by 30 Potsdam agreements and 45 revelation of war crimes by 42,46 Soviet Union and 18,19,30,41,43, 46,56,73,233 surrender of 45 United States and 14,55,56,77,79, 95,127 World War II and 29,30,31,33 Yalta agreements and 40,41 Jaruzelski,Wojciech 207,208, 239 Jews establishment of Israel 63, 64 human rights protests 177 mass emigration from Poland 137 Nazi crimes against 14,21,32,42 post-Cold War emigration of 235 Soviet Union and 138,168,177,214, 214nl2,235 Jiäng Zemin 253 John Paul II (pope) 196-197, 207n3, 238 Johnson, Lyndon B. 122nl, 137,216nl4 Arab-Israeli War (1967) and 134, 138 Belgian Congo and 124 Eastern Europe and 139,142 Great Society 128,131 human rights and 143 Indonesia and 126 Soviet Union and 142,143 Vietnam War 128-129,131,132,164 325 Jordan 64,282 Arab-Israeli War (1967) and 133,134, 136 British interests in 99 civil war in 162 division of Palestine and 63 Syrian invasion of 162 Kádár, János 239 Kaganovich, L. Μ. 57 KAL 007 incident (1983) 210-212, 211 Kampuchea see Cambodia Karadžič, Radovan 268nl6 Karmai, Babrak 193 Karzai,
Hamid 276 Katyn Forest 20,33, 55 Kazakhstan 250n20,251n22,263 Kennan, George 58,61n9,70nl2, 76, 269 Kennedyjohn Fitzgerald 122nl, 123n2 Bay of Pigs invasion and 109 Belgian Congo and 124 Berlin crisis (1961) 110-111 Cold War legacy 113-114 Cuban Missile crisis (1962) 111 human rights and 143 inaugural address 190 Vietnam and 113,114,127,128 Kennedy, Paul 231 Kenya 274 Kerensky, Alexander 5 Keynes, John Maynard 10,38 Khan, Agha Mohammad Yahya 163 Khan, Ayub 125 Khmer Rouge 165nl4,219, 220,263n4 Khomeini, Ruhollah 190—191, 191, 198n26,222 Khrushchev, Nikita 90,96, 107, 123, 142 Algerian War and 92 Berlin crisis (1958) 109 Berlin crisis (1961) 110 Cold War legacy of 113—114 criticisms of Stahn 97,99 Cuba and 111 doctrine of peacefill coexistence 99-100,103,106,113,122 intervention in Hungary 97—99 Khrushchev thaw 139 nuclear program 103—104,112 People’s Republic of China and 97, 106,122 Poland and 97
326 Index as Soviet leader 89, 96-97,108-109 Suez crisis and 100, 101—102 Third World policies 96 United States and 107—108, 107,109, 110,111-112 Vietnam and 96 Yugoslavia and 97 Kiesinger, Kurt-Georg 139, 155 Kim II Sung 77,77nl8 King, Martin Luther 144 Kissinger, Henry 177, 272 defense ofUS human rights policies 176 diplomatic policies in Africa 179, 183 Eastern Europe proposals of 244 Helsinki Accords and 169 Indo-Pakistani War (1971) and 163 October War (1973) and 166-168 role in detente 153,162,175 SALT talks and 153,154 Vietnam War and 164 visit to China 158-160,163 Kohl, Helmut 245-246,247, 248, 252, 271 Konrad, György 139nl6 KOR (Komitet Obrony Robotników) 196,197 Korea 42,46,56,59, 72, 78,127; see also North Korea; South Korea Korean War 77—80, 78 Kosovo 270-271, 278 Kosovo Liberation Army (EILA) 270, 271 Kosygin, Aleksei 123,125,131,133, 134,193ո21 Kosygin Reforms 123 Krenz, Egon 242 Kubrick, Stanley 274 Kuklinski, Ryszard 198n25 Kundera, Milan 139nl6 Kuwait 223,247-248,250, 269 Kyoto Protocol (1997) 262, 277ո37 Kyrgyzstan 250, 251ո23, 278 Land Mines Convention 277n37 Laos 92,109,128,129n9,164,165 Latin America 2, 3, 88, 92, 95,121-122, 143,160,218,265-266,273, 274; see ako Central America; South America Latvia 11,18,245nl5,250,251, 269nl9, 272n26, 282; see also Baltic states League ofArab States see Arab League League of Nations 13,15-16, 29 anti-Bolshevik refugees and 11 creation of 8,10 failure to resist fascist aggression 14 Japanese invasion of Manchuria and 14 as predecessor of UN 39 Soviet attack on Finland and 19 US refosal to join 10 Lebanon
162,188,190,222,223-224, 234n3, 282 Lend-Lease program 21,31, 33, 43 Lenin,Vladimir 5—6, 5n2,10, 11,12,13, 62, 72,95,106 Libya 45, 60, 207, 222, 234,262n3, 280, 281 Lin Biao 157,158 Lippmann, Walter 61n9 Lithuania 11,18n7, 44nl6, 245nl5, 250-251, 269nl9,272n26,282; see ako Baltic states Litvinov, Maxim 14,18 Lloyd George, David 5—6,12,13 Loan, Nguyen Ngoc 131nl0 Locarno Treaties (1925) 13,15 London foreign ministers meeting (1947) 46, 56, 66 Lumumba, Patrice 124,125 Luther, Martin 239 Luxembourg 20, 66,70nl2,105, 272n24 Maastricht Treaty (1992) 271, 272 MacArthur, Douglas 77 Macau 181n9 Macedonia 266nl3, 267, 269nl9 Macmillan, Harold 105 Madrid Conference on the Middle East (1991) 265 Major, John 252 Malaysia 283 Malaysian Federation 126 Malenkov, G. Μ. 57 Malta 40, 272n26 Malta summit meetings (1990) 244, 245 Manchuria 14,15,35, 46,56,75 Mandela, Nelson 264 Manhattan Project 33 Mao Zedong 2,75nl6, 96,125, 206, 283 establishment of PRC as communist power 62,72,73—75 North Vietnam and 132
Index role in Korean War 77,77nl8,78 Soviet Union and 74,99,114,122, 137,141,198 United States and 74-75,132, 157-160 US-Soviet relations and 152 Vietnam and 96 World War II and 30 Marshall, George 61 Marshall Plan 61-62,66,70, 90,105, 105nl2 Marx, Karl 143 Marxism 5,34, 72,143,177n3,208,238 Mazowiecki,Tadeusz 239 McCarthy, Joseph 79 McCartney, Paul 145 McNamara, Robert 129 Medvedev, Dmitry 280,280n43,284 Medvedev, Roy 177n3 Medvedev, Zhores 177n3 Mein Kampf (Hitler) 14 Meir, Golda 161,166,175nl Middle East 2,91-92,274,280,281n45 Arab-Israeli War (1967) 132-138,135 decolonization 93 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty (1979) 187-190, 189,192n20 Israeli-Palestinian conflict 222, 223-224,265,280,281 Madrid Conference (1991) 265 October War (1973) 166-168 oil boycott against the West (1956) 102 oil boycott against the West (1967) 136 oil boycott against the West (1973) 168 Oslo Accords (1993) 265 post-Cold War conditions in 265 postwar decolonization in 63, 93 Suez Crisis 99-103, 101 US-Soviet rivalry in 221—225,251 War ofAttrition (1969-1970) 161-163 see also names of specific countries Mikołajczyk, Stanisław 37 military-industrial complex 108, 293 Milosevic, Slobodan 266,270,271n21 Mitterrand, François 208,246, 248,252 Mladić, Ratko 268nl6 Mobutu,Joseph 15n3,124 Moldova 250,262 Mollet, Guy 99,100,102,105 327 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact (1939) see Nazi-Soviet Pact Molotov,Vyacheslav 18,34, 43, 56,62 Montenegro 266nl3, 267,269nl9 Morgenthau, Henry 38 Mosaddegh, Mohammad 95 Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers 1943,34,55 1945,56-57 Moscow Helsinki Watch Group 178, 179 “Moscow Nights”
(song) 89 Moscow Treaty (1940) 19 Moscow Treaty (1970) 155 Moynihan, Daniel Patrick 238n8 Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO) 221 Mozambique 181,183,220—221, 281 Mujahideen 192, 195,206,219nl8 Munich Conference (1938) 16—17 Cold War interpretations of 2—3,33, 66,69 Soviet Union and 142 Muslims see Islam Mussolini, Benito 19,21,32 mutual assured destruction (MAD) 153,210 Myanmar see Burma Nagy, Imre 97 Najibullah, Mohammad 253n24 Namibia 183, 207, 220-221,264 Nasser, Gamal Abdel 99—103,133,134, 136,161-162,191 nationalism 262 Arab 103,191 China 283 in Eastern Europe 2,66,238—239 East Germany 239 economic 38 in former Soviet Republics 262 in Japan 14 in Russia 271 in Soviet Union 179,238-239, 248, 251 Ronald Reagan and 206 US cautions against “suicidal” 251 West German 70 Nationalist China 73,75,77nl8, 79, 94n7,99,128n2,157,158, 159, 219,263,263n6,284,285
328 Index National Union for the Total Independence ofAngola (UNITA) 183,221 NATO see North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO-Russian Council 269 Nazi Germany see Germany Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939) 18, 22,55,250 Nazi war crimes see Jews; Nuremberg trials Nehru, Jawaharal 94, 125 Netanyahu, Benjamin 265 Netherlands 20, 66,70nl2,90n2,105, 136,167,185nl2,272n24 New Cold War 1,109,284-286 New Development Bank 283 New Economic Policy (NEP) 12 New York Times 211n6, 238,251n22 New Zealand 8,281 Nicaragua 180, 180,206,207,215, 215, 215nl3,233,234n3,265 Nigeria, civil war in 123,126-127,281 Nimitz, Chester W. 32—33 Nitze, Paul 61n9,76nl7 Nixon, Pat 159 Nixon, Richard 107, 107,175,177n4, 180,187 as architect of détente 151,155,157 arms limitation talks 153-154 Brezhnev’s visit to US and 165,166 human rights policies of 176 Indo-Pakistani War (1971) and 163 Middle East conflict and 161—163, 166-168 as US president 131,153,177 Vietnam War and 131,153,154, 160, 164 visit to China 154,158—160, 159 visit to Soviet Union 154 Watergate 166,166nl6,175nl Nixon doctrine 160 nonalignment 94,95,99,125,126 Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) see Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Noriega, Manuel 244nl4, 265nll North, Ohver 234n3 North Africa 21, 31,32,45, 60,63, 92, 274,284; see aho names ofspecific countries North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 139,168,187,235n5, 266, 284 Arab-Israeli War (1967) and 136,137 arms-limitation talks and 210 creation of 70 Double-Track Decision 185,235 effect of Korean War on 77,79 enlargement of269,272 European Union and 273 Kosovo War and 270 original members of70nl2
peacekeeping role of 271 inclusion of reunified Germany 245-247 role in Bosnian War 268-271, 268nl6,270n21 role in Falklands War 218 Russia and 281, 282 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and 140,141 support for US War on Terror 276, 277 North Korea 77-80, 78,152nl, 222, 263,264,264n8, 276, 280 North Vietnam 127-132, 130,152,153, 154,158,160,161n8,164-165 Norway 20, 22,70nl2,74,108 Novikov, Nikolai 58 Novotný, Antonin 140 NSC-68, 76, 77 nuclear arms race acceleration of 104 Britain as nuclear power 105 China as nuclear power 113,122 Cuban missile crisis and 111, 112, 122 diminished West European confidence in US protection 122 end of 251 escalation during Korean War 80 fear of nuclear confrontation 212-213 fear ofWorld War III 53 first Soviet atomic bomb 72 France as nuclear power 102, 113 Geneva and Reykjavik talks 233-235, 237 global nuclear disarmament movement 104,295 India’s entry into 164 mutual assured destruction (AIAD) 153,210 neutron bomb 185,185nll Non-Profiferation Treaty 142, 152, 155,247,263,264 North Korea’s entry into 264, 264n8
Index 329 Palach, Jan 239 Palestine Arab-Israeli Wars and 132—133, 134, 136 British withdrawal from 61 division of 63, 64 refugee problem 63,133,136 Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) 133,207,223,224,265 Palestinians 187 Arab League and 133, 136 Egypt and 133,188 Egyptian-Israeli Peace Treaty (1979) and 189 human rights issues (West Bank and OAS see Organization ofAmerican Gaza) 136,188 States Intifada 265n9 Obama, Barack 279-280,281,282,284 Israeli-Palestinian conflict 222, October War (1973) 166-168 223-224,265, 280, 281 oil shortages 102,136,167 in Jordan 162 Ojukwu, Odumegwu 127 in Lebanon 223 Oman 223 Oslo Accords 265 On the Beach (Shute) 103 Soviet Union and 223 Operation Bagration 36 Syria and 133 Operation Barbarossa 21 violence and 136,190 Operation Enduring Freedom 276—277 Panama 215 Operation Kavkaz 161 Panama Canal Treaty 180 Operation Musketeer 100 US invasion of 244nl4,265nl 1 Operation Rolling Thunder 129 Paraguay 180,266 Paris Climate Accord 285n54 Organization of American States (OAS) 63,218,218nl7 Paris summit (1960) 108 Partnership for Peace 269 Organization of Eastern Caribbean States 216 Pasternak, Boris 91, 235 Organization of Security and Patriot Act 276 Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) 271, People’s Republic ofAngola see Angola 271n23 People’s Republic of China (PRC) 15, Orwell, George (Edward Blair) 55,207 152nl, 181n9,192,206,220,231, Osipovich, Gennadiy 211n6 262n3, 263, 274, 275,278,280 in Africa 264 Oslo Accords (1993) 265 Ostpolitik 138,155-157,168,175,196 Algeria and 92 Ottoman Empire 1,4,8 Bandung Conference (1955) 95 Belt and Road
Initiative 283—284 Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza 95,180,190 Cambodian conflict and Pakistan 63,94,108,128n2,152,152nl, 219-220, 253 China Dream 283 158,163-164,176,192,194-195, civil war in 60, 62 196, 219nl8,221, 275, 276n33 Indo-Pakistani War (1965) 125 as communist power 72, 73—75, 253-254 Indo-Pakistani War (1971) 163-164 Cultural Revolution 132,157,160 Kashmir question and 125 People’s Republic of China and 125 debt-trap diplomacy 284n52 domino theory of 78 Soviet Union and 125,126 Egypt and 99 United States and 108,125,126,158, emergence of 278—279 163,176,194, 219nl8,221, 276 Pakistan’s entry into 164 post-Cold War negotiations 263 Reagan’s expansion of 206 SALT treaties 166,184-187,194, 234nl SDI proposal 208—210 US-Soviet talks 152-154 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968) 142,152,155,247,263, 264 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963) 234 nuclear weapons 2,45,53, 56—57, 72-73,90,92n5,102,104,128n8, 176,185,209,234,293 Nuremberg trials 55-56,63
330 Index enlargement of NATO and 269 espionage 263n6 European Union and 274 Germany and 273 Great Leap Forward 122 Hong Kong, return of 263 India and 125 Indonesia and 126 Iran-Iraq War 223 Japan and 157 Korean War 77-79 Kosovo War and 270-27ln21 Nigerian Civil War and 127 North Korea and 263, 264 North Vietnam and 127-128,129, 130,132,158,160,164 nuclear arms race and 113,122 Pakistan and 125,152nl, 163 Poland and 99, 208 post-Cold War economic development in 263 post-Mao political changes in 218-219,232,239-241 Russia and 263,286 Sino-globalization 283 Sino-Indian war (1962) 125 Soviet Union and 73,74,79, 92, 97,99,106,122,125,126,141, 152,153,157,160,164,166,198, 208, 218,219, 233, 239-241, 253-254, 294 territorial disputes of 283 Third World countries and 94 Tiananmen Square massacre 239-241,240,251 Uighurs 279n41, 284n51 United Nations and 39, 74, 75, 77, 158,160,219,294 United States and 35,56,60,74—75, 78-79,125,153,154,158-160, 159,163,181,184,186,188,195, 196,208,218-219,261,263, 263n6, 263n7, 270—271n21, 276, 279,280,284,285,294 US-Soviet relations and 56,152, 208, 218-219 Vietnam and 96,186, 219 Vietnam Wars and 92,127,128,129, 132,164 Warsaw pact invasion of Czechoslovakia and 141 in World War II 15,16, 30,33, 41 Xi Jinping 283—284 People’s Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) see Cambodia perestroika 232,239,250 Persia see Iran Peru 180,266 Philippines 109,128n2,276n35 phony war 19—20 Picasso, Pablo 15n6 Pinochet, Augusto 166 Poland 44nl6,96nll, 104, 272n26, 278, 282 China and 99, 208 communist control of 65,196, 207-208 entry into NATO 269 French alliance system after
World War I and 15,19 Germany and 13 Grand Alliance discussions over future borders and government 33, 35,36,41,43,44 KOR 196,197 mass emigration ofJews from 137 resurrected after World War I 8, 9 Solidarność (Solidarity) in 196-198, 207-208,214,239 Soviet Union and 11,15,17,18,19, 20, 30, 33,35, 36-37, 39,41, 44, 56, 60, 62,72, 97, 239 Soviet wartime atrocities in 20,44, 196 United States and 60,207—208, 244 Warsaw Uprising (1944) 36 West Germany and 138,156, 247, 250 withdrawal from Marshall Plan 62 World War II and 18, 20,30n2,32, 33 see also Potsdam Conference (1945); Tehran Conference (1943);Yalta Conference (1945) Polish Committee of National Liberation (PCNL) 37, 39 polycentrism 99 Pompeo, Mike 285 Pompidou, Georges 175,175nl Popular Front 15—18 Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) 137nl3 Popular Movement for the Liberation ofAngola (MPLA) 183 Portugal 70nl2,127,179,181,181n9, 272n24 Potsdam Conference (1945) 43—45, 55, 72
Index Powers, Francis Gary 108 Prague Spring (1968) 123,140-142, 140nl9,144 Putin,Vladimir 241nll, 277-278, 277n39,280n43,281-282,282n49, 285-286 Qatar 223,262n3 Quadripartite Agreement (1971) 156, 160 Rabin,Yitzhak 265 Radio Free Europe 91,197,207n3 Radio Liberty 207n3,214 Rapacki, Adam 104 Rapacki plan 104 Rapallo,Treaty of (1922) 12-13,155, 248 Reagan, Ronald 178,225,234n3,276 Gorbachev and 233-238 human rights policies of 213—214 Israeli-Palestinian conflict 224 KAL 007 incident and 211 SDI proposal of 208-210 as US president 198 US-Soviet relations and 198, 205-206,213,216 visit to Beijing 219 visit to Moscow 236, 237 Reagan doctrine 205—206 Red Army Allied support of 29 Battle of Stalingrad and 31 invasion of Manchuria 46 military successes of 30,32 Nazi invasion of Soviet Union and 21 in Poland 11,33,37 revelation of war crimes by 42 victories in East Central and Southern Europe 37 see also Soviet Union Red Scare 10—11, lln2 Reed,John 10 Republic of China see Nationalist China Republic of Korea (ROK) see South Korea Reykjavik summit (1986) 234 Rhee, Syngman 79 Ribbentrop, Joachim von 18 Rio Pact (1947) 63,70 The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (Kennedy) 231 331 Roberts, Frank 58 Rogers, William 161 ROK (Republic of Korea) see South Korea Romania 17,56,57n4,65, 96nl 1, 141n21,158,269nl9,282 communist coup (1945) 42 French alliance system after World War I and 15,17 peace treaty (1947) 60 Polish unrest and 198 Soviet Union and 20,30,37 violence in transformation of (1989) 243 Warsaw Pact ties severed 136 see aho Potsdam Conference (1945); Yalta Conference (1945)
Rome-Berlin Axis (1936) 15 Rome Statute (1998) 262 Roosevelt, Eleanor 64 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 16,21, 38, 40,45 anticolonialism 127 Atlantic Charter 30 in Cairo conferences (1943) 36 death of 42 as leader 28,31 relations with Churchill 29,30, 32, 34-36, 40 relations with Soviet Union 15,19 relations with Stahn 29,32,35—36,41 requests private meeting with Statin 34 response to fascist threat 19 United Nations, and 30, 39 vision of postwar era 35,60,73 Roosevelt, Theodore 216 Russia 25ІП23,263,274, 275 annexation of Crimea 281 Bolshevik regime in 10-11 Bolshevik Revolution 1,4—6,5n2 Bosnian War and 268,268nl7,269 civil war 6, 7,11 economy of 271n22 European Union and 272,274, 274n28 formation of USSR 13 Genoa Conference and 12 Georgia and 278 Great Game with Britain 1,187 independence of 250, 252 Kosovo War and 270,271 NATO-Russian Council 269
332 Index North Korea and 264 OSCE and 271n23 People ’s Republic of China and 263, 286 post-World War I borders of 9 resurrection of 277—278 Ukraine and 281—282 United Nations and 295 United States and 261,268,269, 269nl8,271,277-278,280,280n44, 281,282,284,285-286,294 US presidential election (2016) and 284 in World War I 4 see also Soviet Union Russian Revolution 4—6 Rwanda 262,264 Sadat, Anwar 166—167,188—189, 189, 194n22 Sakharov, Andrei 177n3,178,178n6, 179,214,235 SALT I Treaty 153-154,185 SALT II Treaty 166,184-187,194, 234nl Sandinistas 180, 180,215 Saudi Arabia 102,133,161,181,191, 221,221Ո21,223, 262, 282n48 Sauvy, Alfred 91n3 Savimbi, Jonas 221 Schengen Agreement (1985) 271 Schmidt, Helmut 175,185, 208 September 11 terrorist attacks 275, 294 Serbia 263n6,266,266nl3,266nl4, 267—271, 267; see also Yugoslavia Sharansky, Natan 235 Shevardnadze, Eduard 233,250 Shining Path 266nl2 Shultz, George 210, 211-212, 213, 224, 239 Shute, Nevil 103 Sihanouk, Norodom 220,263n4 “Silent Spring,” threat of 122 Singapore 276n35 Single European Act (1986) 271 Sino-Indian war (1962) 125 Slovakia 269nl9, 272n26 Slovenia 266, 267,269nl9,272n26, 277; see also Yugoslavia Snowden, Edward 281 Social Democratic Party (SDP) 155 Solidarność (Solidarity) 196—198, 207-208,214,239 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr 177,206,238 Somalia 181,184,262,264,267, 281 Somoza, Anastasio 180 South Africa 8, 94n7, 182 apartheid regime 179n8,264 Communist Party 220 democratic transformation 264 human rights in 142,144,176,179 member of BRICS group 278 war in Angola 183 and US 179,183, 213, 220-221,275 South America
54,180,216, 217,218, 266; see also names of specific countries Southeast Asia 18,73,79, 95, 96, 127—132,159; see also names of specific countries Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) 96 South Korea 77-80, 78,157,176,179, 181,264,284 South Vietnam 96,113,126,127—132, 130,152,161n8,164,175 South West Africa see Namibia South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO) 220 Soviet Union 38, 88 Afghanistan, invasion of 187, 192-196, 193, 195 in Africa 124-127,181-184, 220-221 arms limitation talks 152—154, 233-236,237-238 in Asia 218-220 Basic Agreement with US 154,167 Belgian Congo and 124 Berlin Crisis (1948) 68-70 Berlin Crisis (1958) 106-109 Berlin Crisis (1961) 110-111 Berlin Wall 109-110,242-243 Brezhnev doctrine 141,157, 205-206,237,239,244 Britain and 4,12,13,16,17,17—18, 18,21, 27, 27-36,43,45, 55, 57, 58,59,102,113 Cambodian conflict and 219-220 Central America and 214-216 collapse of 248—254, 249, 263n4 collective security policies of 15,17 coup (1991) 251-252 Cuba and 109—110, 111, 162, 216, 221,252,265 Cuban Missile crisis 111, 112 Czechoslovakia and 17, 62, 66,72, 140-142
Index détente 151-152,196,198 domino theory of 97 Eastern Europe and 239,241,242, 243,244-245 East Germany and 71-72, 106, 196, 241,245 economic contraction 1960s 123 economic contraction 1980s 231 Egypt and 102,103,133-134,137, 161,166-167,188 espionage 10,33,57n5,69,72nl4, 234n2,293,294 Falklands War and 218 Finland and 11,19,66, 97 Five Year Plan 13,27-28 formation of 13 France and 4,8,13,15,17,17-18,18, 20,22,40,43,66,68,113 German question and 57,59-60,62, 66,68-69 German reunification and 245—248 Germany and 12—13,14—15,17,19, 20,21,31,32,33 Grand Alliance, role in 27-30,31, 33-34,37,43,45 Helsinki Accords 168-169,176,178 human rights and 65,143-145,233, 234-235 human rights movements and 176-177 Hungarian Revolution and 97—99 Hungary and 239 India and 126 Indonesia and 126 Indo-Pakistani War (1971) and 163 Iran crisis (1946) and 58—59 Iranian revolution and 190-191 Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) and 222-223 Israel and 63,134,177, 223, 253 Japan and 14,18,19 KAL 007 incident 210-212 Korean War and 77-79 League of Nations and 4,15,19 Lend-Lease program and 31,33,43 Marshall Plan and 61—62 Middle-East wars (1948) and 63 Middle-East wars (1956) and 100-103,136-138 Middle-East wars (1967) and 133 Middle-East wars (1967-1970) and 161-163 Middle-East wars (1973) and 166-168 333 Middle-East wars (1982) and 224 Nazi-Soviet Pact 18 New Economic Policy 12 Nigerian Civil War and 127 nonintervention principles of 176, 177-178,179,236 North Vietnam and 127,129,130, 131-132,153,164 nuclear arms race and 72—73,104, 184-187,212-213,233 Pakistan and 125,126 Palestinians and 223,224
People’s Republic of China and 73,74, 79, 92, 97, 99,106,122, 125,126,141,152,153,157,160, 164,166,198,208,218,219,233, 239-241,253-254,294 perestroika and glasnost 232,239,250 Poland and 11,15,17,18,19,20, 30, 33,35,36-37,39,41,44,56,60, 62,72,97,239 purges 16,17 South Africa and 220,221 Spanish Civil War, intervention in 16 Suez Crisis and 99-103, 101,105 summit meetings (see Camp David talks; Geneva summit; Malta; Paris summit (1960); Potsdam Conference (1945); Reykjavik summit (1986);Tehran Conference (1943);Vienna meeting (1961); Vladivostok summit (1974);Yalta Conference (1945)) support for Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 137nl4 Syria and 133—134,137,162,166, 224, 233 in Third World countries 95-96, 160-161 Truman doctrine and 61-62 United Nations and 39,41 United States and 15, 40, 53, 56-57, 57n3,58-60,106-109,107,131, 133-134,145,151-154,160-161, 164-168, 165,169-170,175, 177-178,179,181-184,187,190, 205-206,210,211-212,231-232, 233,235, 237,238,248,250,251, 253,293-294 Vietnam and 75-76,96,233,236 West Germany and 68-69, 97, 138-139,155-156,157,195-196 World War II and 19, 21,29,30,53
334 Index Yugoslavia and 20, 37, 66,97 see abo Andropov,Yuri; Brezhnev, Leonid; Chernenko, Konstantin; Gorbachev, Mikhail; Khrushchev, Nikita; Lenin,Vladimir; Russia; Stahn, Joseph;Yeltsin, Boris space programs 123,145,293 Spain 15,15n6,16,90n2,127,179, 272n24,273 Sputnik 3,104 Sri Lanka, see Ceylon SS-20 missiles 184-187,219,235 Stahn, Joseph 13-14,15,18,18n7,21, 30,37n8, 37nl0, 40,42,46, 58-59, 60,60n8,62,66,67-68,72nl3, 105nl2 anti-West propaganda of 90 Berhn blockade 69 China and 74 Churchill’s percentage agreement and 37 communist coup in Czechoslovakia and 17 crimes denounced by Khrushchev 97,99 decolonization and 63 dissolution of Comintern 33-34 and Europe-First strategy 31 Five-Year Plan 13, 27-28 gulags 206 influence on Mao 74,75 Korean War and 78,79 meeting with Byrnes 56,57 meeting with Hopkins 45 meeting with Roosevelt 34 postwar diplomacy of 54 and postwar elections in Soviet Union 57 Potsdam conference and 45 purges of 16,17 rebuff of US mediation during Soviet-Finnish War 19 recognition of PCNL 39 relations with Roosevelt 29,32, 35-36,41 response to Atlantic Charter 29 response to nuclear attacks on Japan 45 response to Roosevelt’s Unconditional Surrender doctrine 32 war crimes of 20 West Germany and 71 Stalingrad, battle of (1942—1943) 27, 31,32 “StarWars”.see Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) Stettinius, Edward 39 Strategic Arms Limitation Treaties see SALT II Treaty; SALT I Treaty Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) 213,233,250,251, 263, 280 Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) 208-210,225,233-235,244 Stuart, John Leighton 75 Sub-Saharan Africa 274
Sudan 264,274 Suez Canal 99-101,166 Suez Crisis 90n2,99-103, 101,104 Suharto 126 Sukarno 126 Superpowers, post-WWII see Soviet Union; United States surveillance see espionage Sweden 75,272, 272n24 Switzerland 75, 90n2 Syria 102,132-137,162,166-167,188, 222,223-224,233,281,282 Taiwan see Nationalist China Tajikistan 250n20,251n23,262,275 Tanzania 274 Taraki, Nur Muhammad 192 technological innovations 274 Tehran Conference (1943) 34—36,37, 41,55,72 Ten Days That Shook the World (Reed) 10 Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system 284 Tet offensive (1968) 130,144 Thailand 128n2,220,283 Thant, U 133 Thatcher, Margaret Falklands War and 218,218nl6 Gorbachev and 233 opposition to detente 206 opposition to German reunification 246,248 response to crackdown in Poland 208 Soviet invasion ofAfghanistan and 196 US invasion of Grenada and 216 Thiêu, Nguyen Van 130 Things Fall Apart (Achebe) 89
Index Third Reich see Germany Third World countries Bandung Conference (1955) 94-95, 95 human rights issues in 143—145 1960s economic structure of 122 Reagan’s anti-Soviet campaign and 206-207 superpower rivalry in 91—96, 160-161 Vietnam War and 123,127-132 Tiananmen Square massacre (1989) 239-241,240,251 Tibet 74,263n6, 285 The Tin Drum (Grass) 91 Tito, Josip Broz 66,72,73,75,97, 99, 266 Togliatti, Palmiro 99 Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964) 129 Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) 284, 285 Treaty ofAmsterdam (1997) 272 Treaty ofBrest-Litovsk (1918) 6,11 Treaty ofRapallo (1922) 12-13, 155, 248 Treaty of Rome (1957) 105 Treaty ofVersailles (1919) 8,10,14,15 Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe 278 Treaty on European Union 272 Treaty on German Unity (1990) 247 Triple Entente 4, 5,17 Trotsky, Leon 6,11,14 Truman, Harry S. 54, 57,127 atomic bomb and 45, 72,73 Berlin blockade and 69 Communist China and 73,75 decolonization and 63,127 Doctrine 61—62 Korean War and 77-79,79n24 Potsdam conference and 43-45 relations with Soviet Union 42—43, 45,57,60,69 Truman Doctrine 61-62 Trump, Donald J. 284—285,285n54 Turkey 20,34, 36,41,45, 57, 59,61, 66, 111,282 Turkmenistan 250n20,251n23 2001-А Space Odyssey (Kubrick) 274 “Two Thousand Words” (Vaculík) 140 U-2 Incident (1960) 106,108, 111 “Ugly American” stereotype 95-96 335 Ukraine 37n8, 41,44nl6, 25Խ23, 263, 278 Bolsheviks and 11 civil war 280, 281—282 declaration of independence 250,252 United States and 253, 284, 285 Ulbricht, Walter 156 UN Human Rights Council 283 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) see Soviet Union United Arab
Emirates 223 United Nations (UN) 109,239,271, 280, 286, 293 anti-terrorist resolution 275 Arab-Israeli War (1967) and 134, 136, 137 Bandung Conference (1955) and 94 Belgian Congo and 124,125 Bosnian War and 267, 268 Commission on Atomic Energy 56 Commission on Human Rights 64-65,144 Dumbarton Oaks Conference 39 Falklands War and 218 First Development Decade 122 founding of 34,39, 43, 44 humanitarian role of 63, 63—65, 94, 262, 264 International Atomic Energy Administration 152 Korean War and 77—78 Kosovo War and 270 Nigerian Civil War and 127 peacekeeping role of 167, 218, 262, 267, 268, 279 People’s Republic of China and 279 Resolution 242,134,189nl4 Roosevelt s proposals for 39 San Francisco Conference 43 seating of China 74,75,77,158,160 Suez Crisis and 101,103 UN Charter 271 United Nations Emergency Force 102,133 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) (1948) 65,94, 144,188 US invasion of Grenada and 216 vetoes by permanent Security Council members 39, 41, 57,77, 101,216 United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) 133
336 Index United States 70nl2, 89,121-122,261, 262n3, 274 ABM treaty and 154 in Africa 124-127,181-184,206, 220-221,251 Algeria and 92 anticolonialism of 34, 62,127 anticommunism of 16, 95 Arab-Israeli War (1967) and 132, 133-134,136,137 Arab states and 100 Argentina and 41.180, 218, 266 arms talks 152-154, 233-235, 236-237,238 Asia and 218—220 Basic Agreement with USSR 154, 167 Belgian Congo and 124—125 Berlin Airlift 68-69 Berlin Crisis and (1948) 68—70 Berlin Crisis and (1958) 106-109 Berlin Crisis and (1961) 110—111 BerlinWall and 109—110,113 Big Stick diplomacy 216 Bosnian War and 267—269, 268nl7 Britain and 19, 27, 27-36. 43, 55,57, 58, 60,100-130,113,183,197, 218,268, 275 Bush doctrine 276 Cambodia and 158,161,161n8,164, 207,219-220,236,253 Camp David talks (1959) 107—108 Camp David talks (1978) 188-189, 189 Carter doctrine 194 Central America and 206,214—216, 215, 251,265 Chile and 162nl0,166, 176, 179, 213, 266 Cuba and 109-110, 111, 162,167, 180,184,187, 215, 216, 221, 252, 265, 276 Cuban missile crisis 111, 112 cultural propaganda 89,90 in Depression era 15,16 domino theory of 77,128 Eastern Europe and 31, 43, 57, 90, 91, 98,139, 206, 235n4, 244, 250 economic contraction 1960s 123 economic contraction 1980s 231 Egypt and 100,101,103,133-134, 166,167,188,189,190 Egyptian-Israeli conflict (1967—1970) 161-162 Eisenhower doctrine 103 end of Cold War and 231-232 espionage 69,108,170,234,293,294 establishment of détente 151-152 expansion ofABM systems 153 extraordinary rendition 276 Falklands War and 218 foreign ministers’ meetings 34,56, 66, 69 France and
67—68,100,138,158,186, 195,197,275,276 Genoa Conference and 12 Georgia and 278 German question and 59—60 Germany and 276 global nuclear disarmament movement and 104,181, 209, 295 in Grand Alliance 27—33 Great Society 128,131 Helsinki Accords and 168—169,177 human rights movements and 176, 178,179-180 human rights policies 63,143-145, 176-181 Hungarian Revolution and 98 Hungary and 244 India and 163 Indonesia and 126 Indo-Pakistani War (1971) and 163 invasion of Grenada (1983) 215, 216 invasion of Panama 244nl4, 265nll Iran and 45,57, 58, 95,180,187, 190-191,222,276 Iranian hostage crisis 190—191, 194, 198 Iran-Iraq War and 222—223 Iraq and 222,248,251,276,277, 278 isolationism of 15,16 Israel and 63,100,103,133,134, 161-162,167,187-189,224,265 Japan and 14,55,56,77, 79, 95,127 KAL 007 incident 211 Korean War 77-79 Kosovo War 270-271 League of Nations and 8, 29 in Lebanon 223,224 Lend-Lease program 21,31,33, 43 Madrid Conference on the Middle East (1991) 265
Index MarshaU Plan 61- 62,66,70,90,105, 105nl2 mass shootings in 281 mediation during Soviet-Finnish War, rebuff of 19 in Middle East 161-163,166-168, 187,221-225 Middle East oil boycotts and 102, 136,167 Monroe Doctrine 109 Nationalist China and 14,16,30,33, 73,75,77,79,99,158,159,219 NATO (see North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Neutrality Acts 16,19 Nigerian Civil War and 127 Nixon doctrine 160 nonalignment and 95 North Atlantic Treaty Organization and 70, 77,79,89,92,100, 102, 104,112,113,122,136, 137,139,168,184-187,195, 197,206,208,210,212,214, 233, 235,245,246,268,269, 271, 275,276 North Korea and 264,276 North Vietnam and 3,128—132, 130, 153,154,158,161n8,164 nuclear arms race and 72—73,104, 153,184-187,212-213 nuclear attack on Japan 45—46 occupation ofHaiti 265nll October War (1973) and 167 Operation Enduring Freedom 276-277 Oslo Accords and 265 “pactomania” 95 Pakistan and 108,125,126,153,158, 163,176,194-195,219nl8,221 Paraguay and 266 People’s Republic of China and 35, 56, 60,74-75,78-79,125,153, 154,158-160, 159,163,181,184, 186,188,195,196,208,218-219, 261,263,263n6,263n7,270,276, 279,280,283,284,285, 294 Poland and 60,207-208,244 post-World War II economic boom 54 presidential election (2016) 284 Reagan doctrine 205—206 Red Scare 10-11, lln2 337 reunification of Germany and 245-246,248 rollback doctrine 98,244 Russia and 261, 268,269, 269nl8, 271,275,276,277-278, 280,280n44,281,282,284, 285-286, 294 SALT talks and 153-154, 166, 185-187 South Africa and 220,221 South America and 54,180,218,266 South Vietnam and 96, 96nl0,113, 128-132, 130,132 Soviet Union and
15, 40,53, 56-57, 57n3,58-60,106-109, 107, 131,133-134,145, 151-154, 160-161,164-168, 165, 169-170,175,177-178, 179, 181-184,187,190,205-206, 210,211-212,231-232,233, 235,237,238,248,250,251,253, 293-294 Suez Crisis and 100-103 summit meetings (see Camp David talks; Geneva summit; Malta; Paris summit (1960); Potsdam Conference (1945); Reykjavik summit (1986);Tehran Conference (1943);Vienna meeting (1961); Vladivostok summit (1974);Yalta Conference (1945)) Syria and 133—134 Syrian civil war and 282n48 Taiwan and (see Nationalist China) targeted by al Qaeda 262,274—277 in Third World countries 91—96, 160-161 Treaty ofVersailles (1919) and 10 Truman doctrine 61—62 U-2 reconnaissance flights 106,108 Ukraine: 281,282,286 United Nations and 30,35,38,39, 41,58,63,75,98,101,134,137, 143,158,187,216,220,271,294 Uruguay and 266 War on Terror 275-277,279,294 Watergate 166,166nl6,175nl West Germany and 157 World War I entry 5 in World War II 19, 21-22,29-30,32, 35,36, 45-46 Yugoslavia and 66
338 Index see aho Bush, George H. W.; Bush, George W.; Carter, Jimmy; Clinton, Bill; Eisenhower, Dwight David; Johnson, Lyndon В.; Kennedy, John Fitzgerald; Nixon, Richard; Reagan, Ronald; Roosevelt, Franklin Delano;Truman, Harry S.;Vietnam War; Wilson, Woodrow Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 65, 94,144,188 Uruguay 180,266 US HelsinkiWatch Group 177, 179, 214 US Neutrality Acts 16,19 USS Cole 274 Ustinov, Dmitriy 194 US War Powers Act 271 Uzbekistan 251n23, 275 Vaculík, Ludvík 139nl6,140 Vance, Cyrus 185 V-E Day (1945) 70 Velvet Revolution 243 Vienna meeting (1961) 109 Viet Cong 128,129n9,13ІПІ0 Vietnam 136,207,263n4,284 Cambodia and 219-220 China and 76,186,219, 220,263 defeat of France 92 Soviet Union and 75—76, 96, 233, 236 United States and 76, 96,113 see aho NorthVietnam; South Vietnam;Vietnam War Vietnam War (US) 123,127-132, 130. 153,158,164-165 V-J Day (1945) 46 Vladivostok summit (1974) 186 Voice ofAmerica 91, 214,235 Wajda, Andrzej 139nl6 Wałęsa, Lech 197 Wallace, Henry 58 Wall Street bombing lln2 War on Drugs 265nl 1 War on Terror (US) 275-277, 279, 294 Warsaw Pact 96,139, 246 aid to NorthVietnam 131 Eastern European withdrawal from 243 Hungarian threat of withdrawal from 97 invasion of Czechoslovakia 141 military superiority of 104 Romania severs ties with 136 Washington Naval Conference (1921-1922) 12 West Berlin 68-72, 68, 71,91n3, 106-107,110-111,113,138,142, 155,235,242 Western culture response to aftermath ofWWI 12 response to Cold War 89,139,145 West Germany 104,105,185nl2, 206n2 Basic Treaty with East Germany 157 division of Europe and
138—139 economic conditions in 155 establishment of 70-72, 71 and France 105 German reunification and 245—248 MoscowTreaty and 155 oil boycott against 136 Ostpolitik 155—157 Polish unrest and 197 Prague Spring and 140nl8 Soviet Union and 68-69, 97, 138-139,155-156,157,195-196 Suez Crisis and 104 takes part in war against Serbia 268, 270 United States and 70,136,157,197 Wilson, Woodrow 5—6, 29 Winter War (1939-1940) 19 Wojtyła, Karol Józef see John Paul II Workers’ Defense Committee (KOR) 196,197 World Bank 38, 88 World Refugee Year (1959) 89 World Trade Organization (WTO) 263, 263n7,278, 279,280n44 World War I 2,4, 6,8-10, 9,15 World War II 2,18-22,27, 29,30n2, 32, 36,42-46, 53, 54 atrocities 33, 42, 46, 63 Europe-First strategy 31 phony war 19—20 see also Grand Alliance World War III, fear of 53 Xi Jinping 283-284, 283n50, 285 Yalta Conference (1945) 39—42, 40,43, 44, 55, 72, 236
Index Yanukovych,Viktor 281 Yeltsin, Boris 212ո8,250,252, 253-254,263,269,271,277, 277ո39 Yemen 133, 262ոՅ, 274, 281 Yevtushenko,Yevgeny 252 youth revolts of 1960s 145 Yugoslavia 20,37,65,66,97, 98, 141Ո21,243nl3,262,266-271, 339 266nl3, 267; see also Bosnia; Croatia; Macedonia; Montenegro; Serbia; Slovenia Zakharov, Gennady 234n2 Zhdanov, A. A. (Andrei) 62 Zhivkov, Todor 243 Zhou Enlai 75,158, 159,219 Zimbabwe 183,220,221 |
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| author | Fink, Carole 1940- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)113122802 |
| author_facet | Fink, Carole 1940- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Fink, Carole 1940- |
| author_variant | c f cf |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047653451 |
| classification_rvk | NQ 5910 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1296343763 (DE-599)BVBBV047653451 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| edition | Third edition |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:50:26Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:18:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780367404673 9780367405557 |
| language | English |
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| physical | xxxii, 339 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
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| publishDate | 2022 |
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| publisher | Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Fink, Carole 1940- Verfasser (DE-588)113122802 aut Cold War an international history Carole K. Fink Third edition New York ; London Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group 2022 xxxii, 339 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "Now in its third edition, Cold War provides an accessible and comprehensive account of the decades-long conflict between two nuclear-armed Superpowers during the twentieth century. This book offers a broader timeline than any other Cold War text, charting the lead-up to the conflict from the Russian Revolution to World War II, providing an authoritative narrative and analysis of the period between 1945 and 1991, and scrutinizing the thirty-year aftermath, including the prospect of a "new Cold War." In this new edition, Carole K. Fink provides new insights and perspectives on key events, with an emphasis on people, power, and ideas. The third edition covers developments in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America as well as in Europe. It also includes: Ten new maps that illustrate the global reach of the long conflict An extended chronology to show recent related events Discussion of the 2016 US election, subsequent Trump-Putin relationship, continuing Middle East turmoil, and new role of China in world politics. An updated bibliography to reflect recent scholarship in the area Cold War is the consummate book on this complex global rivalry and will be of interest to students of contemporary US and international history and history enthusiasts alike" Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd rswk-swf Cold War World politics / 1945-1989 Cold War / Influence War / Influence World politics 1945-1989 Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 s Geschichte z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ebk. 978-0-429-35668-1 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033037445&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033037445&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033037445&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033037445&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Fink, Carole 1940- Cold War an international history Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4075770-5 |
| title | Cold War an international history |
| title_auth | Cold War an international history |
| title_exact_search | Cold War an international history |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Cold War an international history |
| title_full | Cold War an international history Carole K. Fink |
| title_fullStr | Cold War an international history Carole K. Fink |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cold War an international history Carole K. Fink |
| title_short | Cold War |
| title_sort | cold war an international history |
| title_sub | an international history |
| topic | Ost-West-Konflikt (DE-588)4075770-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ost-West-Konflikt |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033037445&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033037445&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033037445&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033037445&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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