Pogroms: a documentary history
"Pogroms: A Documentary History explores the remarkable long history of anti-Jewish violence in the East European borderlands beginning with the pogroms of 1881-1882 in the Russian Empire and concluding in Poland on the eve of World War II. This volume begins with a comprehensive introductory e...
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| Zusammenfassung: | "Pogroms: A Documentary History explores the remarkable long history of anti-Jewish violence in the East European borderlands beginning with the pogroms of 1881-1882 in the Russian Empire and concluding in Poland on the eve of World War II. This volume begins with a comprehensive introductory essay on pogroms followed by nine case studies. Organized chronologically, each chapter includes a unique array of archival and published sources, selected and introduced by a scholar expert in the period under investigation. The documents assembled here include eyewitness testimony, oral histories, diary excerpts, literary works, trial records, and press coverage. They also contain memos and field reports authored by army officials, investigative commissions, humanitarian organizations, and government officials. Each chapter explains the origins, timing, and consequences of pogrom violence at various levels of society, as well as the lives, relationships, activities, and interactions of those groups of people that rarely appear in the historical literature. By providing a nuanced analysis of the specific geopolitical context where the violence erupted, each chapter captures the specific nature of the waves of pogroms that broke out in different regions and at different times. Informed by the literature on collective violence and comparative genocide studies, this volume helps reevaluate the complex motivations, policy directives, and reactions of the most powerful decision makers to those officials and their accomplices operating in the provinces. The result is a balanced and accessible guide to the history of anti-Jewish violence"-- Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Pogroms: An Introduction -- 1. Pogroms in Russia's Borderlands, 1881-.1884 -- Document 1.1 Pogrom in Smela, Kiev Province [1881] -- Document 1.2 Leaflets Dropped around Kharkov Inviting People to Commit Anti-.Jewish Violence [1881] -- Document 1.3 Telegram to the Minister of Internal Affairs from Prince Donbukov, Odessa, May 5, 1881 -- Document 1.4 Telegram Sent to the Ministry of the Interior on May 5, 1881, from the Rovno Jewish Community, Volhynia Province -- Document 1.5 Circular Distributed on May 6, 1881, by E. I. Totleben, the Governor-.General of Vilna, to His Subordinates -- Document 1.6 Observations Made by a Nameless Doctor [1881 or 1882] -- Document 1.7 Secret Memo by the Deputy Chief of the Gendarme Department in Chernigov Province [1881] -- Document 1.8 Memo Written on June 9, 1881, by the Ekaterinoslav Governor to the Ministry of the Interior -- Document 1.9 The Russo-.Jewish Question: A Special Correspondent of the Jewish World [1881] -- 2. The 1898 Anti-.Jewish Violence in Habsburg Galicia -- Document 2.1 Pamphlet Widely Disseminated in Western Galicia: Jewish Secrets [1898] -- Document 2.2 Election Campaign Promotion from Wieniec Pszczólka [1898] -- Document 2.3 Report from the Kalwaria Zebrzydowska District Captain [1898] -- Documents 2.4 and 2.5 Anti-.Jewish Flyers [1898] -- Document 2.6 The Lutcza Indictment [1899] -- Documents 2.7 and 2.8 Three Trial Excerpts [1898] -- Document 2.9 Second Stary Sacz Proceeding [1898] -- Document 2.10 Parliamentary Debates on the Anti-.Jewish Riots [1898] -- 3. Kishinev Pogrom -- Document 3.1 On Hayim Nahman Bialik's "City of Killing" [1935] -- Document 3.2 Hayim Nahman Bialik, "City of Killing" [1903] -- Document 3.3 Testimony of Israel Rossman [1903]. |
| Beschreibung: | xii, 234 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts 25,4 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780190060084 9780190060091 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a "Pogroms: A Documentary History explores the remarkable long history of anti-Jewish violence in the East European borderlands beginning with the pogroms of 1881-1882 in the Russian Empire and concluding in Poland on the eve of World War II. This volume begins with a comprehensive introductory essay on pogroms followed by nine case studies. Organized chronologically, each chapter includes a unique array of archival and published sources, selected and introduced by a scholar expert in the period under investigation. The documents assembled here include eyewitness testimony, oral histories, diary excerpts, literary works, trial records, and press coverage. They also contain memos and field reports authored by army officials, investigative commissions, humanitarian organizations, and government officials. Each chapter explains the origins, timing, and consequences of pogrom violence at various levels of society, as well as the lives, relationships, activities, and interactions of those groups of people that rarely appear in the historical literature. By providing a nuanced analysis of the specific geopolitical context where the violence erupted, each chapter captures the specific nature of the waves of pogroms that broke out in different regions and at different times. Informed by the literature on collective violence and comparative genocide studies, this volume helps reevaluate the complex motivations, policy directives, and reactions of the most powerful decision makers to those officials and their accomplices operating in the provinces. The result is a balanced and accessible guide to the history of anti-Jewish violence"-- | |
| 520 | 3 | |a Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Pogroms: An Introduction -- 1. Pogroms in Russia's Borderlands, 1881-.1884 -- Document 1.1 Pogrom in Smela, Kiev Province [1881] -- Document 1.2 Leaflets Dropped around Kharkov Inviting People to Commit Anti-.Jewish Violence [1881] -- Document 1.3 Telegram to the Minister of Internal Affairs from Prince Donbukov, Odessa, May 5, 1881 -- Document 1.4 Telegram Sent to the Ministry of the Interior on May 5, 1881, from the Rovno Jewish Community, Volhynia Province -- Document 1.5 Circular Distributed on May 6, 1881, by E. I. Totleben, the Governor-.General of Vilna, to His Subordinates -- Document 1.6 Observations Made by a Nameless Doctor [1881 or 1882] -- Document 1.7 Secret Memo by the Deputy Chief of the Gendarme Department in Chernigov Province [1881] -- Document 1.8 Memo Written on June 9, 1881, by the Ekaterinoslav Governor to the Ministry of the Interior -- Document 1.9 The Russo-.Jewish Question: A Special Correspondent of the Jewish World [1881] -- 2. The 1898 Anti-.Jewish Violence in Habsburg Galicia -- Document 2.1 Pamphlet Widely Disseminated in Western Galicia: Jewish Secrets [1898] -- Document 2.2 Election Campaign Promotion from Wieniec Pszczólka [1898] -- Document 2.3 Report from the Kalwaria Zebrzydowska District Captain [1898] -- Documents 2.4 and 2.5 Anti-.Jewish Flyers [1898] -- Document 2.6 The Lutcza Indictment [1899] -- Documents 2.7 and 2.8 Three Trial Excerpts [1898] -- Document 2.9 Second Stary Sacz Proceeding [1898] -- Document 2.10 Parliamentary Debates on the Anti-.Jewish Riots [1898] -- 3. Kishinev Pogrom -- Document 3.1 On Hayim Nahman Bialik's "City of Killing" [1935] -- Document 3.2 Hayim Nahman Bialik, "City of Killing" [1903] -- Document 3.3 Testimony of Israel Rossman [1903]. | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents Acknowledgments Pogroms: An Introduction Eugene M. Avrutín aná Elissa Bemporad xi 1 1. Pogroms in Russia’s Borderlands, 1881-1884 23 Eugene M. Avrutin Document 1.1 Pogrom in Smela, Kiev Province [1881] 30 Document 1.2 Leaflets Dropped around Kharkov Inviting People to Commit Anti-Jewish Violence [1881] 36 Document 1.3 Telegram to the Minister of Internal Affairs from Prince Donbukov, Odessa, May 5,1881 36 Document 1.4 Telegram Sent to the Ministry of the Interior on May 5,1881, from the Rovno Jewish Community, Volhynia Province 37 Document 1.5 Circular Distributed on May 6,1881, by E. I. Totleben, the Governor-General of Vilna, to His Subordinates 38 Document 1.6 Observations Made by a Nameless Doctor [1881 or 1882] 39 Document 1.7 Secret Memo by the Deputy Chief of the Gendarme Department in Chernigov Province [1881] 40 Document 1.8 Memo Written on June 9,1881, by the Ekaterinoslav Governor to the Ministry of the Interior 41 Document 1.9 The Russo-Jewish Question: A Special Correspondent of the Jewish World [1881] 43 2. The 1898 Anti-Jewish Violence in Habsburg Galicia Daniel Unowsky Document 2.1 Pamphlet Widely Disseminated in Western Galicia: Jewish Secrets [ 1898] Document 2.2 Election Campaign Promotion from Wieniec Polski [ 1898] Document 2.3 Report from the Kalwaria Zebrzydowska District Captain [1898] Documents 2.4 and 2.5 Anti-Jewish Flyers [1898] Document 2.6 The Lutcza Indictment [1899] Documents 2.7 and 2.8 Three Trial Excerpts [1898] Document 2.9 Second Stary Sącz Proceeding [ 1898] Document 2.10 Parliamentary Debates on the Anti-Jewish Riots [1898] 46
51 52 53 54 55 57 61 63
viii CONTENTS 3, Kishinev Pogrom Steven J. Zipperstein Document 3.1 Document 3.2 Document 3.3 Document 3.4 Document 3.5 Document 3.6 Document 3.7 70 On Hayim Nahman Bialik’s “City of Kalling” [1935] Hayim Nahman Bialik, “City of Killing” [1903] Testimony of Israel Rossman [1903] The Kishinev Pogroms, Jacob Bernstein-Kogan [1946] Solzhenitsyn on the Kishinev Pogrom [2001] Pavel Krushevan’s Description of Sordid Jewish Economic Activity [1903] Pogroms and Lynching [1903] 1905: Russia’s Encounter with Revolution and Pogroms Robert Weinberg Document 4.1 Government Inquiry Links Pogrom to Civil Unrest [1906] Document 4.2 Students, Workers, and Revolutionaries Clash with Soldiers [1906] Document 4.3 Calm before the Storm [1906] Document 4.4 The Pogrom Begins [1906] Document 4.5 Military Commander Describes the Outbreak ofViolence [1905] Document 4.6 The Western Press Describes the Pogrom [1905] Document 4.7 Eyewitness Accounts of the Odessa Pogrom [1906] Document 4.8 Government Inquiry Accuses Jews of Inciting the Violence [ 1906] Document 4.9 Government Inquiry Accuses City Governor of Malfeasance [ 1906] Document 4.10 Testimony Given by Witness Teplitskii to Senator Kuzminskii on November 25,1905 Pogroms in World War I Russia Polly Zavadivker Document 5.1 A Jewish Military Doctor’s Account from Galicia [1915] Document 5.2 S. An-sky Describes the Radivilov Pogrom [1915] Document 5.3 S. An-sky Witnesses the Aftermath of the Sokal Pogrom and Flight of Jews from Gorokhov, June 1915 Document 5.4 Causes of the Anti-German Pogrom in Moscow, May 26-29,1915 Document 5.5 Russian Military
Pogroms in Kovno, Vilna, and Minsk Provinces [1915] Document 5.6 The Rape of Jewish Women during Russian Military Pogroms [1915] Document 5.7 A Russian Jewish Politician Accuses the Russian Government of Complicity in the Incitement of Pogroms [1915] 77 77 78 80 81 82 83 85 92 93 94 95 97 99 100 102 103 105 108 115 116 116 118 120 125 127
CONTEXTS Document 5.8 Document 5.9 Document 5.10 Document 5.11 A Russian Nurse’s Notes from the Front [1915 and 1916] The Kafafov Circular, January 9,1916 The First Jewish Pogrom in Siberia, May 7,1916 A Jewish Soldier Witnesses a Pogrom in Buczacz [1916] ЇХ 128 128 129 131 6. Anti-Jewish Violence in the Russian Civil War Jeffrey Veidlinger Document 6.1 The Proskuriv Pogrom, February 15,1919 133 7. The Female Dimension of Pogrom Violence, 1917-1921 Elissa Bemporad Document 7.1 Looting and Rape in Pechora [1919] Document 7.2 Looting and Rape in Smila [1919] Document 7.3 Denikin’s Forces Depart from Smila [1919] Document 7.4 The Doctors Speak [1919] Document 7.5 A Mother and Daughter Understanding [1919] Document 7.6 A Writers Calling [1929] Document 7.7 Chronicle of a Dead City [1921] Document 7.8 Women as Agents of Violence [1919] 150 8. Documentary Fiction of the Pogroms of the Civil War Harriet Murav Document 8.1 Itsik Kipniss Months and Days [1926] 176 9. Pogroms in Modern Poland, 1918-1946 Anna Cichopek-Gajraj and Glenn Dynner Document 9.1 Police Report about the Incidents Involving Policemen in Kraków on April 16,1918 Document 9.2 “The Lemberg Horrors,” by Joseph Bendrow [1918] Document 9.3 Testimony from the Vilna Pogrom, 1919 Document 9.4 Report about the Incidents of March 9,1936, in Przytyk Document 9.5 Prohibition against Making Arrests at Fairs, Markets, and the Like Where the Crowd May Prevent Them [1936] Document 9.6 The Pogrom in Mińsk Mazowiecki [ 1936] Document 9.7 Interpolation of Deputy Dr. Emil Sommerstein after Brest on Bug [Brześć nad Bugiem] Pogrom,
May 13-14,1937 Document 9.8 Anticommunist Leaflet: “Paid Russian Stooges, PPR [Polish Workers’ Party]” October 1946 193 Further Reading Contributors Index 139 157 157 159 162 166 169 170 174 180 200 201 205 206 209 210 212 217 219 225 227
From the 1880S to the 1940s, an upsurge of explosive pogroms caused much pain and suffering across the eastern borderlands of Europe. Rioters attacked Jewish property and caused physical harm to women and children. During World War I and the Russian Civil War, pogrom violence turned into full-blown military actions. In some cases, pogroms wiped out of existence entire Jewish communities. More generally, they were part of a larger story of destruction, ethnic purification, and coexistence that played out in the region over a span of some six decades. Pogroms: A Documentary History surveys the complex history of anti-Jewish violence by bringing together archival and published sources—many appearing for the first time in English translation. The documents assembled here include eyewitness testimony, oral histories, diary excerpts, literary works, trial records, and press coverage. They also include memos and field reports authored by army officials, investigative commissions, humanitarian organizations, and government officials. This landmark volume and its distinguished roster of scholars provide an unprecedented view of the history of pogroms.
Index For the benefit ofdigital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g., 52-53) may, on occasion, appear on only one ofthose pages. Abeli pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Abramsky, Yechezkel, 12-13 Alexander II, Russian Tsar, 2-3,6,23, 26-27 Alexander III, Russian Tsar, 6,27 An-sky, S. description of Radilov pogrom, 116-53 witness of attack/aftermath on Sokal pogrom, 116-18 witness of flight of Jews from Gorokhov, 116-18 anti-German pogroms, by Russian Army, 110 anti-German pogroms in Moscow, 118-20 Austria-Hungary, 46-48,49 Averbakh, Pesakh, 77 Balta pogroms, 23-24 Eastertide riots, 26-27 Bal’verzhishki (Balbieriškis) anti-Jewish riots (1881), 38-39 Baranowski, Dr., 59-61 Beilis trial, 14 Belarus anti-Jewish riots, 23-24 Polish assault on Jewish communities, 195-96 Western Belarus pogroms, 20-21,19798,212-17 Bendrow, Joseph, 201-8 Bereznitsy pogrom (Volhynia province), 125-26 Bernstein-Kogan, Jacob, 73-74 Bessarabets, Kishinev’s daily newspaper, 71 Bialik, Hayim Nahman condemnation of Jewish passivity by, 17-18 “In the City of Killing” poem, 17,75, 77-78 Bialik, Hayim Nahman, 17-18 Black Hundreds, paramilitary group, 9 Bloch, Joseph, 50 Bloody Sunday (January 9,1905), 7-8 bodily mutilation, 7 Bolshevik Revolution, 2,75,141-42 Bolsheviks/Bolshevism alleged connection with Judaism, 13-14, 113-14,135,151-52,177,198-99 ambivalence toward pogroms, 16 attempted insurrection in Proskuriv, 137,141-43 congress in Vinnytsia, 139-40 connection with mass rape, 157 Hetmanate repressions targeting of, 139 Jewish support for anti-Bolshevik movement, 19-20 Ukraine’s defense of autonomy
from, 135 Ukrainians’ anti-Bolshevik propaganda, 9-11 Brest on Bug (Brześć nad Bugiem) pogrom, 197-98,212-17 Broad Axe newspaper (Chicago), 83-84 Brody pogrom (Galicia), 27-29,110,115-16 Buczacz pogrom account by Lev, 110,131-32 Bujak, Jan, 197-98,210-12 Bukovina, Hapsburg Province, 110 Bund, Jewish socialist party (Poland), 17-18 Byk, Emil, 50,65-67 Catholics anti-Jewish violence in Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, 53-54 antisemitism of, 48,49,55-56,194,195-96 propaganda by, 7 Central Committee for Relief of Pogrom Victims, 133-34 Chaskielewicz, Judah Leib, 197-98,210-12 Chernigov pogrom, 23-24 children Christian vs. Jewish skirmishes, 1 Germany’s deportation of, 199 kidnapping/disappearance of, 217 orphaning (loss of parents) by, 1-2,117,150 rape of, 157,161-62
228 INDEX children (cont.) Romanian peasants’ attacks on, 1-2 violence against/murdering of, 14-16,22, 90,93-94,99,177-78,201-2,203,217 Christian People’s Party, 49,51,52,57,67 coexistence of Jews with Poles, Ukrainians, Romanians, Russians, Germans, and Greeks, 6,6n.l0 Commission for Studying the History of the Pogroms, 81 Daszyński, Ignacy, 50,63-69 Davitt, Michael, 73-74 The Destruction of Galicia (Khurbn Galitsye) (An-Sky), 116-18 destruction of property, 1-2,3-4 efforts at preventing journalistic accounts of, 6-7 “Di kupe” (The Mound) (Markish), 176-77 Directory of the Ukranian People’s Republic, 2 Dobeiki pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Dokshitsy pogrom (Minsk province), 124-25 Dreyfus affair, 14,73 Dubnow, Simon, 24-26,81 Dubovo pogrom ending of Jewish community in, 173-74 female victims, 170,172 massacres by Kozakov, 171-72 Sonye Soshkes, young girl victim, 170 Dvesti let vmeste (1795-1995) (Two Hundred Years Together [1795-1995]) (Solzhenitsyn), 75,81-82 Dwernicki, Tadeusz, 59-61 Ekaterinoslav pogrom, 23-24,41-43 Elisavetgrad pogrom, 1-2 Eastertide riots, 26-27 historical background, 23-24 Novoe vremia opinion on, 9 spontaneous outbreak of, 6 epidemics, 11, lln.22 Erlikh, G. Μ. narrative of Kovno province pogrom, 120-21 narrative of Minsk province pogrom, 123-25 narrative of Vilna province pogrom, 122-23 Faygnberg, Rokhl, 153-55 on becoming a chronicler of genocidal violence, 169 writing collaboration with Tcherikower on Dubovo pogroms, 170-74 February Revolution, 81 Fedorchenko, Sofia, 112,128 Felber, Hersch, 56 Felshtin pogrom, 134,142 female dimension of pogrom
violence, 150-75 accounts about victims of Dubovo pogroms, 170-74 Dr. Goldman’s documentary evidence, 162-63 Dr. Shendarevskaia’s documentary evidence, 164-65 Dr. Shendarevsky’s documentary evidence, 163-64 Faygenberg’s autobiographical recollection, 169-70 Malka Lee’s diary, 166-69 midwife Mrs. Lipkova’s documentary evidence, 165 midwife Ruvinskaia’s documentary evidence, 165 rape and looting in Pechora pogrom, 157 rape and looting in Smila pogrom, 157-62 rape in Bereznitsy pogrom, 125-26 rape in Glubokoe pogrom, 125,126 rape in Lemeshevich pogrom, 125,126-27 rape in Odessa pogrom, 90 rape in Smorgon pogrom, 125,126 rape in Veshinty pogrom, 125 rape in Vidzy pogrom, 125,126 rapes during Russian military pogroms, 125-28 women as agents of violence, 174-75 France Dreyfus affair, 14,73 Paris Peace Conference, 16-17 Fridman, Naftali Μ., 127 Frysztak trial, 59-61 Galicia pogroms (Habsburg Empire), 7 anti-Jewish flyers in Myślenice and Szczurowa, 54-55 anti-Jewish violence, 46-50 Austro-Hungarian pogroms, 115-16 causes of confrontations, 48-49 deaths/prison sentences, 46-48 dissemination ofJewish Secrets pamphlet, 51-52 election campaign promotion in Wieniec Pszczółka, 53-54 election campaign promotion, 52-53 Frysztak trial, 59-61 Lutcza indictment, 55-56
INDEX military doctors account, 115-16 parliamentary debates on anti-Jewish riots, 63-69 Polish soldier-created pogroms, 195 Russian military anti-Jewish violence, 110 Second Stary Sącz proceeding, 61-62 settings/locations of violence, 49-50 stance of populist politicians, 50 Strzyżów trial, 58-59 Wieliczka trial, 57-58 Gebirtig, Mordecai, 198 Gergel, Nokhem, 133-34 Germany anti-German pogroms, in Russia, 110, 112,118-20 anti-Jewish killing operations, 20-21 attack on the Soviet Union, 17,20 deportation/mass murder of children, 199 occupation of Eastern Europe, 20-21 operations in Kovno/Vilna provinces, 120-21 Głos Narodu newspaper (Kraków), 48 Glubokoe pogrom (Vinna province), 123-24 mass rapes in, 125,126 Goldberg, Isaak, 177 Golos (Voice) liberal newspaper, 9 Golubev, Colonel (military rank), 31 Gomel pogrom, 2-3 Gonta, Ivan, 12 Great War (1914-1915) pogroms (Russia), 113-14 Grigor’ev, Nikifor, 12-13 Grodno, Poland pogrom attacks against Jews, 14 Habsburg Empire. See also Galicia pogroms (Habsburg Empire) anti-Jewish flyers in Myślenice and Szczurowa, 54-55 anti-Jewish riots, 1-2 arrival of mass politics, 48 Catholic antisemitism, 48 Christian People’s Party, 49,51,52,57,67 constitutional Rechtsstaat government, 48 economic crisis, 48 election campaign promotion in Wieniec Pszczółka, 53 Frysztak trial, 59-61 Galicia pogroms, 7,46-50 Jewish-Christian cultural/economic divide, 48 Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, anti-Jewish violence, 53-54 Lutcza indictment, 55-56 parliamentary debates on anti-Jewish riots, 63-69 pre-WWI cycles of anti-Jewish violence, 6 Second Stary Sącz
proceeding, 62-63 Strzyżów trial, 58-59 Wieliczka trial, 57-58 Hagel, Jakób, 58 Hearst, William Randolph, 73-74 Heifetz, Elias, 133-34 Herzl, Theodore, 73 Hetmanate regime (Ukraine) peasants/workers, uprising in, 135 repressions in Proskurov, 139 Hillerson, Arnold, 133-34,137-38 arrest/imprisonment of, 134 reports on Proskuriv, Ovruch, Felshtin pogrom, 133-34,137-38 Hofshteyn, David, 176-77 Holocaust, 2 annihilation of Eastern European Jews, 18 post-World War li attacks on survivors, 199 Honor and Fatherland, underground journal, 217-18 lanushkevich, Nikolai, 112-13 Ignat’ev, Nikolai Pavlovich, 27 “In the City of Killing” poem (Bialik), 17 Averbakh’s comments on, 77 influence on Jews, Zionists, non Zionists, 75 text of the poem, 77-78 “It’s Burning” protest song (Gebirtig), 198 Jasi pogrom (Romania), 20 Jedwbne pogrom (Poland), 20 Jewish Chronicle (Evreiskaia letopis’), 130,132 Jewish Committee to Aid War Victims, 116,133-34 Jewish Encyclopedia, 83 Jewish people blood-drinking rumors about, 4-6,911,26-27 impact of May Laws on, 27 perception of, as powerless victims of violence, 17 support/participation in White, anti Bolshevik movement, 19-20 Jewish Secrets, pamphlet, 51-52 Jewish Socialist Labor Bund, 73 Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 14 229
230 INDEX Jewish World, Anglo-Jewish newspaper, 1 accounts of rape, violence against women, 43-45 Jeż, Mateusz, 52 Kadet (Constitutional Democratic) Party, 82,127 Kafafov, K. D„128-29 Kafafov Circular, 128-29 Kąkol, Leo, 52-54 Kalwaria Zebrzydowska (town), anti-Jewish violence, 53-54 Kaul’bars, Aleksandr recounting of experiences with pro-tsarist demonstrators, 89,97-98 request for rioters to disperse, 89 Kaunas (Kovno) pogrom (Lithuania), 20 Kędziora, Stefan, 197-98,212-16 Kharkov, Ukraine leaflets inciting anti-Jewish riots, 36 Kherson pogrom, 23 Khmelnytsky, Bohdan, 12 Khmelnytsky pogrom. See Proskurov (Proskuriv, now Khmelnytsky) pogrom khurbn (Yiddish for “destruction”), 12 Kielce pogrom (Poland), 199,209-10 Kiev (Kyiv), pogrom, 1-2,21,23-24 account of pre-pogrom interethnic interaction in Months and Days, 179 influence on Smela pogrom, 30-31 Jewish vs. Christian rioters, 1 Kipnis, Itsik, 176-79. See also Months and Days: A Chronicle (Khadoshim un teg) anti-Jewish campaigns of, 177 background, 176-79 Kishineff Relief League (Kishinev), 84 Kishinev pogrom, 71-85,1-2 ( anti-Jewish riots, 2-3,14-16,70-74 Bernstein-Kogans comments about, 7374,80-81 Bialiks poetic response to, 17 Booker T. Washington’s sympathy for, 83-84 Davitt’s book about, 73-74 global protests against masacres in, 14-16 Jewish Encyclopedia on, 82 Jewish self-defense units in, 27-29 Kadets paper, Rech, Comments on, 82 Krushevan’s description of sordid Jewish activity, 82-83 Passover riots, 26-27 Roosevelts sympathy for, 73 Rossmans account of pogrom’s escalation, 78-79 Solzhenitsyn on, 75,81-82 Yiddish
Daily Forward’s published concerns for, 73-74 Zangwill’s Broadway play about, 73 Kiverchuk, Yuri role in Proskurov pogrom, 137,139,14041,142-43,144,145-46,147,148 Kleinman, I. A. report on the Krasnoïarsk, Siberia pogrom, 129 Konopka, Andrzej, 57-58 Kovarsk pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Kovno province pogrom German operations in, 120-21 narrative by Erlikh, 120-21 Russian military army pogroms, 111-12 Krakow, Poland Catholic antisemitism, 49,55-56, 195-96 Glos Narodu/Prawda newspapers, 49 incident involving policemen, police report, 200 pogroms, 194 spread of antisemitism, 49,55-56 Krasheninnikov, I. S., 118-19 Krasnoïarsk, Siberia pogrom, 129-31 Krasny-Admoni, Grigori, 81 Kraus, Mendel, 57-58 Krushevan, Pavel, 71-72,80,82-83 Kutaisov, P. L, 30 Kuzmin-Karavaev, V. D., 118-20 Kuzminskii, Aleksandr account of mid-October events in Odessa, 92-94,102-3 castigation of Neidgart, 103-5 on Odessa pogrom origin, 95-97 Teplitskii’s testimony to, 106 Kvitko, Leyb, 176-77 Ladies Waist and Dressmakers Union, 16 “The Lemberg Horrors” excerpt (Bendrow), 201-8 Lemeshevich pogrom, 125,126-27 Lestschinsky, Jacob, 1 ln.22 Lev, Aba witness of Buczacz pogrom, 110,131-32 Lithuania anti-Jewish riots, 23 assaults by Polish troops, 195-96 Bund’s defense of synagogues, 17-18 German sponsored, anti-Jewish killing operations, 20-21 Kaunas (Kovno) pogrom, 20 Vilna province pogrom, 111-12,122-206
INDEX literature about civil war pogroms “Di kupe” (The Mound), 176-77 Months and Days: A Chronicle (Khadoshim un teg) (Kipnis), 176-92 1919 (Kvitko), 176-77 Troyer (Sorrow) (Hofshteyn), 176-77 Lopukhin, A. A., 81 Lotovo pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Lower East Side New York Jewish community, 73-74 Lukhtans, Marko, 177,184 Lutcza indictment, 55-56 Lwów pogrom (formerly Lemberg, Currently L’viv), 110,116-17,195,199n.9,201-5 lynching, 83-84 Markish, Peretz, 176-77 Materials on the History of the Russian Counter-Revolution (Kuzminskii), 92-94 May Laws, 27,27 The Melting Pot, Broadway play, 73 Mickiewicz, Adam, 49,53-54 Milosz, Czeslaw, 199 Minkowski, Joseph, 196-97,206-9 Mińsk Mazowiecki pogrom (Poland), 19798,210-12 Minsk province pogroms, 123-25 Dokshitsy pogrom, 124-25 German operations in, 123 narrative by Erlikh, 123-25 Russian military army pogroms, 111-12 Months and Days: A Chronicle (Khadoshim un teg: A khronik) (Kipnis) description, 176-79 excerpt, 180-92 narrative style of, 178-79 title derivation, 179 Moscow, anti-German pogrom, 118-20 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 75 National Front (Stronnictwo Narodowe, or “Endecja”) (Poland), 196 Neidgart, Dmitri (Odessa city governor), 88 accusation of malfeasance against, 103-5 condemnation of university’s administration, 94-95 greeting of patriots by, 89 reports on demonstrators by, 88 training of officers in use of weapons, 106 New York Jewish community, Lower East Side, 73-74 New York Times article on killings of Jews in Ukraine, 16 231 Nezhin pogrom, Chernigov Province, 40-41
Nikolaevich, Nikolai, 112-13 1919 (Kvitko), 176-77 Nizhnii Novgorod pogrom, 23-24 November 1916 (Solzhenitsyn), 82 Novoe vremia (New Times) newspaper, 9,26 Novorossiiskii telegrafnewspaper, 26 October Manifesto (Russia), 85,87,89,92, 95, 100,102,103 Odessa pogrom anti-Jewish violence, 2-3,85 arrests for pogrom-related activities, 36-37 charitable institutions, Communal networks, 27-29 descriptions in the English-language press, 99-100 Donbukov’s telegram to Minister of Internal Affairs, 36-37 ethic composition of, 85-86 eyewitness accounts of, 100-2 government accusation of Jews inciting violence, 102-3 Jewish armed formations in, 18,27-29 Kaul’bars experiences with pro-tsarist demonstrators, 89,97-98 Kuzminskii’s account of mid-October events, 92-94,102-3 links of pogrom to civil unrest, 92-93 Neidgart’s condemnation of university’s administration, 94-95 origin of, 95-97 polarized politics in, 87-89 police reports on riot death toll, 90 rape of women, slaughter of children, 90 resentment against Jewish community, 86-87,88-89 Teplitskii’s testimony to Kuzminskii, 106 The Odessa Pogrom and Self-Defense (PoaleZion), 100-2 Onikshty pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Operation Barbarossa, 20 Ovruch pogrom, 134 Pale of Settlement, 17,27,7-8,109 Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920), 16-17 Passover riots, Kishinev pogrom, 26-27 People’s Will (revolutionary political group), 6 Petliura, Symon role in Proskurov pogrom, 135-36,138, 139-40,142,145 Pilsudski, Józef, 193 Piniński, Leon Count, 46
232 INDEX Plehve, V. К., 74-75,82 Poalei Zion, Jewish revolutionary organization, 17-18,100-2 Pobudka newspaper (Poland), 201 Podolia, 2 Podvolochisk, Galician border town, 27-29 pogroms, defined, 3-4,12,20 Poland. See also Krakow, Poland assaults in Lithuania’s Jewish communities by Polish troops, 195-96 collective violence against Jews, 14 formation of Jewish self-defense militias, 17-18 German sponsored, anti-Jewish killing operations, 20-21 Głos Narodu newspaper, 48 Honor and Fatherland, underground journal, 217-18 Jedwbne pogrom, 20 Jewish deaths data, 193 National Front (Stronnictwo Narodowe, or “Endecja”), 196 Pobudka newspaper, 201 post-World War II lawlessness, 198-99 post-World War II spike in pogroms, 21 Prawda newspaper, 48,49 Poland, modern pogroms (1918-1946), 193-218 Brest on Bug (Brześć nad Bugiem) pogrom, 212-17 first/second waves of anti-Jewish violence, 193 Grodno pogrom, 14 Kielce pogrom, 199,209-10 Krakow pogrom, 194,200 “The Lemberg Horrors” excerpt (Bendrow), 201-5 Mińsk Mazowiecki pogrom, 19798,210-12 1930s pogroms, 18 post-World War II attacks on survivors, 199 Przytyk (near Radom) pogrom, 196-97, 206-9,215 Rzeszów pogrom, 55,199 World War II pogroms (200+), 198-99 Polish Socialist Party (PPS), 18,198,210 Polish-Soviet War, 2,14 Poltava pogrom, 23-24 Prawda newspaper (Kraków), 48,49 Přeny (Prienai) anti-Jewish riots (1882), 38-39 propaganda against Jews, 13-14 Proskurov (Proskuriv, now Khmelnytsky) pogrom, 2 anti-Jewish slaughter, 12,133,143-49 Bolshevik Congress in Vinnytsia, 139-40 Bolsheviks’ attempted insurrection in, 137,141-43 city and
residents (description), 139 death toll estimate, 148 Hillerson’s investigative report, 13334,137-38 Kiverchuk’s role, 137,139,140-41,142-43, 144,145-46,147,148 origins, 135-38 Petluura’s role, 135-36,138,139-40, 142,145 Semosenko’s role, 135-38,140-43, 144,145-48 Skornik’s role, 143,145 Stavinsky’s role, 139,140-41,144-46 Verkhola’s role, 144-47,148 Protocols of the Elders ofZion (Krushevan), 71-72,80 Provisional Government’s Extraordinary Investigative Commission, 81 Przytyk (near Radom) pogrom, 196-97,2069,215 Raaben, R. S. von, 72-73,81 Radivilov pogrom An-sky’s description, 116 Rakiski pogrom (Kovno province), 121 rape of Jewish women. See female dimension of pogrom violence Rech, Kadet’s newspaper, 82 Red Army, 2 Roman Catholics. See Catholics Romania attacks on Jewish property, 1-2 collective violence against Jews, 1-2,14 Jasi pogrom, 20 massacres in, 20 Roosevelt, Theodore, 73 Rossman, Israel, 78-79 Rovno Jewish Community, 37-38 Russian Civil War (1917-1921), 2, 17. See also Proskurov (now Khmelnytsky) pogrom anti-Jewish violence/pogroms, 11314,133-49 breakdown of civil society, 19-20 Felshtin pogrom, 134,142 Ovruch pogrom, 134 as turning point for pogroms, 2,11 Russian Civil War (1918-1921) pogroms, 113-14 Russian military army pogroms in Kovno province pogrom, 111-12,120-21
INDEX in Minsk province pogrom, 111-12, 123-25 in Vilna province pogrom, 11112,122-23 in Volhynia Province, 111-12 Russian Red Cross Committee to Aid Victims of Pogroms, 11 Russia (Russian Empire) anti-German pogroms, 110,118-20 as birthplace of pogroms, 3-4 blaming Jews for exploiting peasants, 9 campaign against Jews as “enemy aliens”, 108,112-13 deadly bloodshed (1903-1906), 7 documented pogroms, 1 -2 Fedorchenko’s notes from the front, 112,128 Fridmans denunciation of Russian government, 127 government anti-Jewish circulars, 113 Great Retreat by Russian army, 110-11 Great War (1914-1915) pogroms, 113-14 Kafafov’s circular to governors, mayors, Chiefs of police, 128-29 Krasnoïarsk, Siberia pogrom, 129-31 military pogroms, 109 mob violence, southwestern borderlands, 14-16 Moscow anti-German pogroms, 118-20 observations of a nameless doctor, 39-40 October Manifesto, 85,87,89,92,95,100, 102,103 pre-WW I cycles of anti-Jewish violence, 6 rape of Jewish women, 125-28 Russian Civil War (1918-1921) pogroms, 113-14 war pogroms vs. “pogrom waves,” 108 World War I pogroms, 108-32 Russia’s borderlands pogroms (1881-1884), 23-40 Bal’verzhishki (Balbieriškis) anti-Jewish riots, 38-39 causes of, 25-27 government’s response to pogrom crisis, 29,36-37 journalistic accounts of rape, violence against women, 43-45 leaflet’s inciting anti-Jewish riots around Kharkov, 36 Nezhin pogrom human casualties, 40-41 Odessa/arrests for pogrom-related activities, 36-37 Preny (Prienai) anti-Jewish riots, 38-39 233 railway employees involvement with pogroms, 39-40 role of Jews’ in anti-Jewish violence,
41-43 Smela pogrom, Kiev (Kyv) province, 30-35 Rzeszów pogrom (Poland), 55,199 Schmidt, Karl, 72 Schmidt, Mirka, 126-27 Semosenko, Ivan role in Proskuriv pogrom, 135-38,140-43, 144,145-48 Shimonets pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Siberia pogrom, 129-31 Sixth Zionist Congress (1903), 73-74 Slobodka-Romanovka pogrom, 101 Slovechno pogrom (Ukraine), 176-78,179, 182,189-190 Smela pogrom, Kiev (Kyv) province, 30-35 administration of corporal punishment, 33 causes of rioting in Smela, nearby villages, 35 Colonel Golubuv and, 30-34 destruction of all Jewish homes, 32,33-34 influence of Kiev pogrom, 30-31 looting/destruction of Jewish businesses, 32 rioting/cruelty against Jews in nearby village, 34-35 Smorgon pogrom (Vilna province), 122-23 mass rapes in, 125,126 Social Democratic Party (Galicia), 50 Sokol pogrom An-sky’s witness of attack/ aftermath, 116-18 Soloki pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Sommerstein, Emil, 212-17 Soviet Union ban on antisemitism, 14 condemnation of pogroms, 18 role in overhaul of history of pogroms, 17 Stary Sącz proceeding (second proceeding), 61-62 Stojalowski, Stanislaw, 49,67-69 Strzyżów trial, 58-59 Suboch pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Szczerbowski, Ajzik, 197-98,212 Szponder, Andrzej, 57-58 Taurida pogrom, 23-24 Tcherikower, Elias, 14 on Chomskii trial, 14 writing collaboration with Faygnberg on Dubovo pogroms, 170-74
234 INDEX telegrams from Donbukov, to Minister of Internal Affairs, 36-37 from Rovno Jewish Community to Ministry of the Interior, 37-38 Teplitskii, Lev, 106 Tolstoy, Leo denunciation of anti-Jewish violence, 74-75 torture, 7 Totleben, E. L, 38-39 Trashkun pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Troyer (Sorrow) (Hofshteyn), 176-77 Tserkovnoobshchestvennyi vestnik (Church Society Gazette) newspaper, 9 Ukraine/Ukraine pogroms data on Jewish deaths, 11 global protests against massacres in, 16 leaflets inciting anti-Jewish riots in Kharkov, 36 Lwów (formerly Lemberg, Currently L’viv), 110,116-17,195,199n.9,201-5 New York Times article on pogrom violence, 16 overhaul of history of pogroms in, 16-17 peak of 1,500 pogroms, 2 promotion of anti-Bolshevik propaganda, 14 violence perpetrated by women, 13 waves ofviolence (1919-1921), 193 Ukrainian Peoples Republic, 2,14,13536,138 Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, 135 Union of the Russian People, 9 Veshinty pogrom (Kovno province), 121,125 Vestnik Evropy journal, 118-20 Vidzy pogrom (Kovno province), 121 mass rapes in, 125,126 Vilna province pogroms German operations in, 120-21,122 Glubokoe pogrom, 123-24,125 narrative by Erlikh, 122-23 Polish troops creation of, 195-96 Russian military army pogroms, 11112,123 Smorgon pogrom, 122-23 testimony from (1919), 123-206 Vizhuny pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Volhynia Province pogroms, 37-38,111-12 Vol’niki pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Warsaw pogroms, 23-24 Washington, Booker T, 83-84 Western Belarus German sponsored, anti-Jewish killing operations, 20-21 Western Ukraine (Lviv) pogrom, 20 White
movement, 2,13-14 Wieniec Pszczółka, publication, 52-53 Wieśniak, Stanislaw, 196-97,206,208 Within the Pale: The True Story ofAnti-Semitic Persecutions in Russia (Davitt), 73-74 women. See female dimension of pogrom violence women as agents ofviolence, 174-75 World War I (WW I) pre-war anti-Jewish violence, 6 Russianpogroms, 108-32 as turning point for pogroms, 2 World War II (WWII) German sponsored, anti-Jewish killing operations, 20-21 post-war spike in pogroms, 21 Wyżkowski, Władysław, 58-59 Young Turks, 12 Zangwill, Israel, 73 |
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Contents Acknowledgments Pogroms: An Introduction Eugene M. Avrutín aná Elissa Bemporad xi 1 1. Pogroms in Russia’s Borderlands, 1881-1884 23 Eugene M. Avrutin Document 1.1 Pogrom in Smela, Kiev Province [1881] 30 Document 1.2 Leaflets Dropped around Kharkov Inviting People to Commit Anti-Jewish Violence [1881] 36 Document 1.3 Telegram to the Minister of Internal Affairs from Prince Donbukov, Odessa, May 5,1881 36 Document 1.4 Telegram Sent to the Ministry of the Interior on May 5,1881, from the Rovno Jewish Community, Volhynia Province 37 Document 1.5 Circular Distributed on May 6,1881, by E. I. Totleben, the Governor-General of Vilna, to His Subordinates 38 Document 1.6 Observations Made by a Nameless Doctor [1881 or 1882] 39 Document 1.7 Secret Memo by the Deputy Chief of the Gendarme Department in Chernigov Province [1881] 40 Document 1.8 Memo Written on June 9,1881, by the Ekaterinoslav Governor to the Ministry of the Interior 41 Document 1.9 The Russo-Jewish Question: A Special Correspondent of the Jewish World [1881] 43 2. The 1898 Anti-Jewish Violence in Habsburg Galicia Daniel Unowsky Document 2.1 Pamphlet Widely Disseminated in Western Galicia: Jewish Secrets [ 1898] Document 2.2 Election Campaign Promotion from Wieniec Polski [ 1898] Document 2.3 Report from the Kalwaria Zebrzydowska District Captain [1898] Documents 2.4 and 2.5 Anti-Jewish Flyers [1898] Document 2.6 The Lutcza Indictment [1899] Documents 2.7 and 2.8 Three Trial Excerpts [1898] Document 2.9 Second Stary Sącz Proceeding [ 1898] Document 2.10 Parliamentary Debates on the Anti-Jewish Riots [1898] 46
51 52 53 54 55 57 61 63
viii CONTENTS 3, Kishinev Pogrom Steven J. Zipperstein Document 3.1 Document 3.2 Document 3.3 Document 3.4 Document 3.5 Document 3.6 Document 3.7 70 On Hayim Nahman Bialik’s “City of Kalling” [1935] Hayim Nahman Bialik, “City of Killing” [1903] Testimony of Israel Rossman [1903] The Kishinev Pogroms, Jacob Bernstein-Kogan [1946] Solzhenitsyn on the Kishinev Pogrom [2001] Pavel Krushevan’s Description of Sordid Jewish Economic Activity [1903] Pogroms and Lynching [1903] 1905: Russia’s Encounter with Revolution and Pogroms Robert Weinberg Document 4.1 Government Inquiry Links Pogrom to Civil Unrest [1906] Document 4.2 Students, Workers, and Revolutionaries Clash with Soldiers [1906] Document 4.3 Calm before the Storm [1906] Document 4.4 The Pogrom Begins [1906] Document 4.5 Military Commander Describes the Outbreak ofViolence [1905] Document 4.6 The Western Press Describes the Pogrom [1905] Document 4.7 Eyewitness Accounts of the Odessa Pogrom [1906] Document 4.8 Government Inquiry Accuses Jews of Inciting the Violence [ 1906] Document 4.9 Government Inquiry Accuses City Governor of Malfeasance [ 1906] Document 4.10 Testimony Given by Witness Teplitskii to Senator Kuzminskii on November 25,1905 Pogroms in World War I Russia Polly Zavadivker Document 5.1 A Jewish Military Doctor’s Account from Galicia [1915] Document 5.2 S. An-sky Describes the Radivilov Pogrom [1915] Document 5.3 S. An-sky Witnesses the Aftermath of the Sokal Pogrom and Flight of Jews from Gorokhov, June 1915 Document 5.4 Causes of the Anti-German Pogrom in Moscow, May 26-29,1915 Document 5.5 Russian Military
Pogroms in Kovno, Vilna, and Minsk Provinces [1915] Document 5.6 The Rape of Jewish Women during Russian Military Pogroms [1915] Document 5.7 A Russian Jewish Politician Accuses the Russian Government of Complicity in the Incitement of Pogroms [1915] 77 77 78 80 81 82 83 85 92 93 94 95 97 99 100 102 103 105 108 115 116 116 118 120 125 127
CONTEXTS Document 5.8 Document 5.9 Document 5.10 Document 5.11 A Russian Nurse’s Notes from the Front [1915 and 1916] The Kafafov Circular, January 9,1916 The First Jewish Pogrom in Siberia, May 7,1916 A Jewish Soldier Witnesses a Pogrom in Buczacz [1916] ЇХ 128 128 129 131 6. Anti-Jewish Violence in the Russian Civil War Jeffrey Veidlinger Document 6.1 The Proskuriv Pogrom, February 15,1919 133 7. The Female Dimension of Pogrom Violence, 1917-1921 Elissa Bemporad Document 7.1 Looting and Rape in Pechora [1919] Document 7.2 Looting and Rape in Smila [1919] Document 7.3 Denikin’s Forces Depart from Smila [1919] Document 7.4 The Doctors Speak [1919] Document 7.5 A Mother and Daughter Understanding [1919] Document 7.6 A Writers Calling [1929] Document 7.7 Chronicle of a Dead City [1921] Document 7.8 Women as Agents of Violence [1919] 150 8. Documentary Fiction of the Pogroms of the Civil War Harriet Murav Document 8.1 Itsik Kipniss Months and Days [1926] 176 9. Pogroms in Modern Poland, 1918-1946 Anna Cichopek-Gajraj and Glenn Dynner Document 9.1 Police Report about the Incidents Involving Policemen in Kraków on April 16,1918 Document 9.2 “The Lemberg Horrors,” by Joseph Bendrow [1918] Document 9.3 Testimony from the Vilna Pogrom, 1919 Document 9.4 Report about the Incidents of March 9,1936, in Przytyk Document 9.5 Prohibition against Making Arrests at Fairs, Markets, and the Like Where the Crowd May Prevent Them [1936] Document 9.6 The Pogrom in Mińsk Mazowiecki [ 1936] Document 9.7 Interpolation of Deputy Dr. Emil Sommerstein after Brest on Bug [Brześć nad Bugiem] Pogrom,
May 13-14,1937 Document 9.8 Anticommunist Leaflet: “Paid Russian Stooges, PPR [Polish Workers’ Party]” October 1946 193 Further Reading Contributors Index 139 157 157 159 162 166 169 170 174 180 200 201 205 206 209 210 212 217 219 225 227
From the 1880S to the 1940s, an upsurge of explosive pogroms caused much pain and suffering across the eastern borderlands of Europe. Rioters attacked Jewish property and caused physical harm to women and children. During World War I and the Russian Civil War, pogrom violence turned into full-blown military actions. In some cases, pogroms wiped out of existence entire Jewish communities. More generally, they were part of a larger story of destruction, ethnic purification, and coexistence that played out in the region over a span of some six decades. Pogroms: A Documentary History surveys the complex history of anti-Jewish violence by bringing together archival and published sources—many appearing for the first time in English translation. The documents assembled here include eyewitness testimony, oral histories, diary excerpts, literary works, trial records, and press coverage. They also include memos and field reports authored by army officials, investigative commissions, humanitarian organizations, and government officials. This landmark volume and its distinguished roster of scholars provide an unprecedented view of the history of pogroms.
Index For the benefit ofdigital users, indexed terms that span two pages (e.g., 52-53) may, on occasion, appear on only one ofthose pages. Abeli pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Abramsky, Yechezkel, 12-13 Alexander II, Russian Tsar, 2-3,6,23, 26-27 Alexander III, Russian Tsar, 6,27 An-sky, S. description of Radilov pogrom, 116-53 witness of attack/aftermath on Sokal pogrom, 116-18 witness of flight of Jews from Gorokhov, 116-18 anti-German pogroms, by Russian Army, 110 anti-German pogroms in Moscow, 118-20 Austria-Hungary, 46-48,49 Averbakh, Pesakh, 77 Balta pogroms, 23-24 Eastertide riots, 26-27 Bal’verzhishki (Balbieriškis) anti-Jewish riots (1881), 38-39 Baranowski, Dr., 59-61 Beilis trial, 14 Belarus anti-Jewish riots, 23-24 Polish assault on Jewish communities, 195-96 Western Belarus pogroms, 20-21,19798,212-17 Bendrow, Joseph, 201-8 Bereznitsy pogrom (Volhynia province), 125-26 Bernstein-Kogan, Jacob, 73-74 Bessarabets, Kishinev’s daily newspaper, 71 Bialik, Hayim Nahman condemnation of Jewish passivity by, 17-18 “In the City of Killing” poem, 17,75, 77-78 Bialik, Hayim Nahman, 17-18 Black Hundreds, paramilitary group, 9 Bloch, Joseph, 50 Bloody Sunday (January 9,1905), 7-8 bodily mutilation, 7 Bolshevik Revolution, 2,75,141-42 Bolsheviks/Bolshevism alleged connection with Judaism, 13-14, 113-14,135,151-52,177,198-99 ambivalence toward pogroms, 16 attempted insurrection in Proskuriv, 137,141-43 congress in Vinnytsia, 139-40 connection with mass rape, 157 Hetmanate repressions targeting of, 139 Jewish support for anti-Bolshevik movement, 19-20 Ukraine’s defense of autonomy
from, 135 Ukrainians’ anti-Bolshevik propaganda, 9-11 Brest on Bug (Brześć nad Bugiem) pogrom, 197-98,212-17 Broad Axe newspaper (Chicago), 83-84 Brody pogrom (Galicia), 27-29,110,115-16 Buczacz pogrom account by Lev, 110,131-32 Bujak, Jan, 197-98,210-12 Bukovina, Hapsburg Province, 110 Bund, Jewish socialist party (Poland), 17-18 Byk, Emil, 50,65-67 Catholics anti-Jewish violence in Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, 53-54 antisemitism of, 48,49,55-56,194,195-96 propaganda by, 7 Central Committee for Relief of Pogrom Victims, 133-34 Chaskielewicz, Judah Leib, 197-98,210-12 Chernigov pogrom, 23-24 children Christian vs. Jewish skirmishes, 1 Germany’s deportation of, 199 kidnapping/disappearance of, 217 orphaning (loss of parents) by, 1-2,117,150 rape of, 157,161-62
228 INDEX children (cont.) Romanian peasants’ attacks on, 1-2 violence against/murdering of, 14-16,22, 90,93-94,99,177-78,201-2,203,217 Christian People’s Party, 49,51,52,57,67 coexistence of Jews with Poles, Ukrainians, Romanians, Russians, Germans, and Greeks, 6,6n.l0 Commission for Studying the History of the Pogroms, 81 Daszyński, Ignacy, 50,63-69 Davitt, Michael, 73-74 The Destruction of Galicia (Khurbn Galitsye) (An-Sky), 116-18 destruction of property, 1-2,3-4 efforts at preventing journalistic accounts of, 6-7 “Di kupe” (The Mound) (Markish), 176-77 Directory of the Ukranian People’s Republic, 2 Dobeiki pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Dokshitsy pogrom (Minsk province), 124-25 Dreyfus affair, 14,73 Dubnow, Simon, 24-26,81 Dubovo pogrom ending of Jewish community in, 173-74 female victims, 170,172 massacres by Kozakov, 171-72 Sonye Soshkes, young girl victim, 170 Dvesti let vmeste (1795-1995) (Two Hundred Years Together [1795-1995]) (Solzhenitsyn), 75,81-82 Dwernicki, Tadeusz, 59-61 Ekaterinoslav pogrom, 23-24,41-43 Elisavetgrad pogrom, 1-2 Eastertide riots, 26-27 historical background, 23-24 Novoe vremia opinion on, 9 spontaneous outbreak of, 6 epidemics, 11, lln.22 Erlikh, G. Μ. narrative of Kovno province pogrom, 120-21 narrative of Minsk province pogrom, 123-25 narrative of Vilna province pogrom, 122-23 Faygnberg, Rokhl, 153-55 on becoming a chronicler of genocidal violence, 169 writing collaboration with Tcherikower on Dubovo pogroms, 170-74 February Revolution, 81 Fedorchenko, Sofia, 112,128 Felber, Hersch, 56 Felshtin pogrom, 134,142 female dimension of pogrom
violence, 150-75 accounts about victims of Dubovo pogroms, 170-74 Dr. Goldman’s documentary evidence, 162-63 Dr. Shendarevskaia’s documentary evidence, 164-65 Dr. Shendarevsky’s documentary evidence, 163-64 Faygenberg’s autobiographical recollection, 169-70 Malka Lee’s diary, 166-69 midwife Mrs. Lipkova’s documentary evidence, 165 midwife Ruvinskaia’s documentary evidence, 165 rape and looting in Pechora pogrom, 157 rape and looting in Smila pogrom, 157-62 rape in Bereznitsy pogrom, 125-26 rape in Glubokoe pogrom, 125,126 rape in Lemeshevich pogrom, 125,126-27 rape in Odessa pogrom, 90 rape in Smorgon pogrom, 125,126 rape in Veshinty pogrom, 125 rape in Vidzy pogrom, 125,126 rapes during Russian military pogroms, 125-28 women as agents of violence, 174-75 France Dreyfus affair, 14,73 Paris Peace Conference, 16-17 Fridman, Naftali Μ., 127 Frysztak trial, 59-61 Galicia pogroms (Habsburg Empire), 7 anti-Jewish flyers in Myślenice and Szczurowa, 54-55 anti-Jewish violence, 46-50 Austro-Hungarian pogroms, 115-16 causes of confrontations, 48-49 deaths/prison sentences, 46-48 dissemination ofJewish Secrets pamphlet, 51-52 election campaign promotion in Wieniec Pszczółka, 53-54 election campaign promotion, 52-53 Frysztak trial, 59-61 Lutcza indictment, 55-56
INDEX military doctors account, 115-16 parliamentary debates on anti-Jewish riots, 63-69 Polish soldier-created pogroms, 195 Russian military anti-Jewish violence, 110 Second Stary Sącz proceeding, 61-62 settings/locations of violence, 49-50 stance of populist politicians, 50 Strzyżów trial, 58-59 Wieliczka trial, 57-58 Gebirtig, Mordecai, 198 Gergel, Nokhem, 133-34 Germany anti-German pogroms, in Russia, 110, 112,118-20 anti-Jewish killing operations, 20-21 attack on the Soviet Union, 17,20 deportation/mass murder of children, 199 occupation of Eastern Europe, 20-21 operations in Kovno/Vilna provinces, 120-21 Głos Narodu newspaper (Kraków), 48 Glubokoe pogrom (Vinna province), 123-24 mass rapes in, 125,126 Goldberg, Isaak, 177 Golos (Voice) liberal newspaper, 9 Golubev, Colonel (military rank), 31 Gomel pogrom, 2-3 Gonta, Ivan, 12 Great War (1914-1915) pogroms (Russia), 113-14 Grigor’ev, Nikifor, 12-13 Grodno, Poland pogrom attacks against Jews, 14 Habsburg Empire. See also Galicia pogroms (Habsburg Empire) anti-Jewish flyers in Myślenice and Szczurowa, 54-55 anti-Jewish riots, 1-2 arrival of mass politics, 48 Catholic antisemitism, 48 Christian People’s Party, 49,51,52,57,67 constitutional Rechtsstaat government, 48 economic crisis, 48 election campaign promotion in Wieniec Pszczółka, 53 Frysztak trial, 59-61 Galicia pogroms, 7,46-50 Jewish-Christian cultural/economic divide, 48 Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, anti-Jewish violence, 53-54 Lutcza indictment, 55-56 parliamentary debates on anti-Jewish riots, 63-69 pre-WWI cycles of anti-Jewish violence, 6 Second Stary Sącz
proceeding, 62-63 Strzyżów trial, 58-59 Wieliczka trial, 57-58 Hagel, Jakób, 58 Hearst, William Randolph, 73-74 Heifetz, Elias, 133-34 Herzl, Theodore, 73 Hetmanate regime (Ukraine) peasants/workers, uprising in, 135 repressions in Proskurov, 139 Hillerson, Arnold, 133-34,137-38 arrest/imprisonment of, 134 reports on Proskuriv, Ovruch, Felshtin pogrom, 133-34,137-38 Hofshteyn, David, 176-77 Holocaust, 2 annihilation of Eastern European Jews, 18 post-World War li attacks on survivors, 199 Honor and Fatherland, underground journal, 217-18 lanushkevich, Nikolai, 112-13 Ignat’ev, Nikolai Pavlovich, 27 “In the City of Killing” poem (Bialik), 17 Averbakh’s comments on, 77 influence on Jews, Zionists, non Zionists, 75 text of the poem, 77-78 “It’s Burning” protest song (Gebirtig), 198 Jasi pogrom (Romania), 20 Jedwbne pogrom (Poland), 20 Jewish Chronicle (Evreiskaia letopis’), 130,132 Jewish Committee to Aid War Victims, 116,133-34 Jewish Encyclopedia, 83 Jewish people blood-drinking rumors about, 4-6,911,26-27 impact of May Laws on, 27 perception of, as powerless victims of violence, 17 support/participation in White, anti Bolshevik movement, 19-20 Jewish Secrets, pamphlet, 51-52 Jewish Socialist Labor Bund, 73 Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 14 229
230 INDEX Jewish World, Anglo-Jewish newspaper, 1 accounts of rape, violence against women, 43-45 Jeż, Mateusz, 52 Kadet (Constitutional Democratic) Party, 82,127 Kafafov, K. D„128-29 Kafafov Circular, 128-29 Kąkol, Leo, 52-54 Kalwaria Zebrzydowska (town), anti-Jewish violence, 53-54 Kaul’bars, Aleksandr recounting of experiences with pro-tsarist demonstrators, 89,97-98 request for rioters to disperse, 89 Kaunas (Kovno) pogrom (Lithuania), 20 Kędziora, Stefan, 197-98,212-16 Kharkov, Ukraine leaflets inciting anti-Jewish riots, 36 Kherson pogrom, 23 Khmelnytsky, Bohdan, 12 Khmelnytsky pogrom. See Proskurov (Proskuriv, now Khmelnytsky) pogrom khurbn (Yiddish for “destruction”), 12 Kielce pogrom (Poland), 199,209-10 Kiev (Kyiv), pogrom, 1-2,21,23-24 account of pre-pogrom interethnic interaction in Months and Days, 179 influence on Smela pogrom, 30-31 Jewish vs. Christian rioters, 1 Kipnis, Itsik, 176-79. See also Months and Days: A Chronicle (Khadoshim un teg) anti-Jewish campaigns of, 177 background, 176-79 Kishineff Relief League (Kishinev), 84 Kishinev pogrom, 71-85,1-2 ( anti-Jewish riots, 2-3,14-16,70-74 Bernstein-Kogans comments about, 7374,80-81 Bialiks poetic response to, 17 Booker T. Washington’s sympathy for, 83-84 Davitt’s book about, 73-74 global protests against masacres in, 14-16 Jewish Encyclopedia on, 82 Jewish self-defense units in, 27-29 Kadets paper, Rech, Comments on, 82 Krushevan’s description of sordid Jewish activity, 82-83 Passover riots, 26-27 Roosevelts sympathy for, 73 Rossmans account of pogrom’s escalation, 78-79 Solzhenitsyn on, 75,81-82 Yiddish
Daily Forward’s published concerns for, 73-74 Zangwill’s Broadway play about, 73 Kiverchuk, Yuri role in Proskurov pogrom, 137,139,14041,142-43,144,145-46,147,148 Kleinman, I. A. report on the Krasnoïarsk, Siberia pogrom, 129 Konopka, Andrzej, 57-58 Kovarsk pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Kovno province pogrom German operations in, 120-21 narrative by Erlikh, 120-21 Russian military army pogroms, 111-12 Krakow, Poland Catholic antisemitism, 49,55-56, 195-96 Glos Narodu/Prawda newspapers, 49 incident involving policemen, police report, 200 pogroms, 194 spread of antisemitism, 49,55-56 Krasheninnikov, I. S., 118-19 Krasnoïarsk, Siberia pogrom, 129-31 Krasny-Admoni, Grigori, 81 Kraus, Mendel, 57-58 Krushevan, Pavel, 71-72,80,82-83 Kutaisov, P. L, 30 Kuzmin-Karavaev, V. D., 118-20 Kuzminskii, Aleksandr account of mid-October events in Odessa, 92-94,102-3 castigation of Neidgart, 103-5 on Odessa pogrom origin, 95-97 Teplitskii’s testimony to, 106 Kvitko, Leyb, 176-77 Ladies Waist and Dressmakers Union, 16 “The Lemberg Horrors” excerpt (Bendrow), 201-8 Lemeshevich pogrom, 125,126-27 Lestschinsky, Jacob, 1 ln.22 Lev, Aba witness of Buczacz pogrom, 110,131-32 Lithuania anti-Jewish riots, 23 assaults by Polish troops, 195-96 Bund’s defense of synagogues, 17-18 German sponsored, anti-Jewish killing operations, 20-21 Kaunas (Kovno) pogrom, 20 Vilna province pogrom, 111-12,122-206
INDEX literature about civil war pogroms “Di kupe” (The Mound), 176-77 Months and Days: A Chronicle (Khadoshim un teg) (Kipnis), 176-92 1919 (Kvitko), 176-77 Troyer (Sorrow) (Hofshteyn), 176-77 Lopukhin, A. A., 81 Lotovo pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Lower East Side New York Jewish community, 73-74 Lukhtans, Marko, 177,184 Lutcza indictment, 55-56 Lwów pogrom (formerly Lemberg, Currently L’viv), 110,116-17,195,199n.9,201-5 lynching, 83-84 Markish, Peretz, 176-77 Materials on the History of the Russian Counter-Revolution (Kuzminskii), 92-94 May Laws, 27,27 The Melting Pot, Broadway play, 73 Mickiewicz, Adam, 49,53-54 Milosz, Czeslaw, 199 Minkowski, Joseph, 196-97,206-9 Mińsk Mazowiecki pogrom (Poland), 19798,210-12 Minsk province pogroms, 123-25 Dokshitsy pogrom, 124-25 German operations in, 123 narrative by Erlikh, 123-25 Russian military army pogroms, 111-12 Months and Days: A Chronicle (Khadoshim un teg: A khronik) (Kipnis) description, 176-79 excerpt, 180-92 narrative style of, 178-79 title derivation, 179 Moscow, anti-German pogrom, 118-20 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 75 National Front (Stronnictwo Narodowe, or “Endecja”) (Poland), 196 Neidgart, Dmitri (Odessa city governor), 88 accusation of malfeasance against, 103-5 condemnation of university’s administration, 94-95 greeting of patriots by, 89 reports on demonstrators by, 88 training of officers in use of weapons, 106 New York Jewish community, Lower East Side, 73-74 New York Times article on killings of Jews in Ukraine, 16 231 Nezhin pogrom, Chernigov Province, 40-41
Nikolaevich, Nikolai, 112-13 1919 (Kvitko), 176-77 Nizhnii Novgorod pogrom, 23-24 November 1916 (Solzhenitsyn), 82 Novoe vremia (New Times) newspaper, 9,26 Novorossiiskii telegrafnewspaper, 26 October Manifesto (Russia), 85,87,89,92, 95, 100,102,103 Odessa pogrom anti-Jewish violence, 2-3,85 arrests for pogrom-related activities, 36-37 charitable institutions, Communal networks, 27-29 descriptions in the English-language press, 99-100 Donbukov’s telegram to Minister of Internal Affairs, 36-37 ethic composition of, 85-86 eyewitness accounts of, 100-2 government accusation of Jews inciting violence, 102-3 Jewish armed formations in, 18,27-29 Kaul’bars experiences with pro-tsarist demonstrators, 89,97-98 Kuzminskii’s account of mid-October events, 92-94,102-3 links of pogrom to civil unrest, 92-93 Neidgart’s condemnation of university’s administration, 94-95 origin of, 95-97 polarized politics in, 87-89 police reports on riot death toll, 90 rape of women, slaughter of children, 90 resentment against Jewish community, 86-87,88-89 Teplitskii’s testimony to Kuzminskii, 106 The Odessa Pogrom and Self-Defense (PoaleZion), 100-2 Onikshty pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Operation Barbarossa, 20 Ovruch pogrom, 134 Pale of Settlement, 17,27,7-8,109 Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920), 16-17 Passover riots, Kishinev pogrom, 26-27 People’s Will (revolutionary political group), 6 Petliura, Symon role in Proskurov pogrom, 135-36,138, 139-40,142,145 Pilsudski, Józef, 193 Piniński, Leon Count, 46
232 INDEX Plehve, V. К., 74-75,82 Poalei Zion, Jewish revolutionary organization, 17-18,100-2 Pobudka newspaper (Poland), 201 Podolia, 2 Podvolochisk, Galician border town, 27-29 pogroms, defined, 3-4,12,20 Poland. See also Krakow, Poland assaults in Lithuania’s Jewish communities by Polish troops, 195-96 collective violence against Jews, 14 formation of Jewish self-defense militias, 17-18 German sponsored, anti-Jewish killing operations, 20-21 Głos Narodu newspaper, 48 Honor and Fatherland, underground journal, 217-18 Jedwbne pogrom, 20 Jewish deaths data, 193 National Front (Stronnictwo Narodowe, or “Endecja”), 196 Pobudka newspaper, 201 post-World War II lawlessness, 198-99 post-World War II spike in pogroms, 21 Prawda newspaper, 48,49 Poland, modern pogroms (1918-1946), 193-218 Brest on Bug (Brześć nad Bugiem) pogrom, 212-17 first/second waves of anti-Jewish violence, 193 Grodno pogrom, 14 Kielce pogrom, 199,209-10 Krakow pogrom, 194,200 “The Lemberg Horrors” excerpt (Bendrow), 201-5 Mińsk Mazowiecki pogrom, 19798,210-12 1930s pogroms, 18 post-World War II attacks on survivors, 199 Przytyk (near Radom) pogrom, 196-97, 206-9,215 Rzeszów pogrom, 55,199 World War II pogroms (200+), 198-99 Polish Socialist Party (PPS), 18,198,210 Polish-Soviet War, 2,14 Poltava pogrom, 23-24 Prawda newspaper (Kraków), 48,49 Přeny (Prienai) anti-Jewish riots (1882), 38-39 propaganda against Jews, 13-14 Proskurov (Proskuriv, now Khmelnytsky) pogrom, 2 anti-Jewish slaughter, 12,133,143-49 Bolshevik Congress in Vinnytsia, 139-40 Bolsheviks’ attempted insurrection in, 137,141-43 city and
residents (description), 139 death toll estimate, 148 Hillerson’s investigative report, 13334,137-38 Kiverchuk’s role, 137,139,140-41,142-43, 144,145-46,147,148 origins, 135-38 Petluura’s role, 135-36,138,139-40, 142,145 Semosenko’s role, 135-38,140-43, 144,145-48 Skornik’s role, 143,145 Stavinsky’s role, 139,140-41,144-46 Verkhola’s role, 144-47,148 Protocols of the Elders ofZion (Krushevan), 71-72,80 Provisional Government’s Extraordinary Investigative Commission, 81 Przytyk (near Radom) pogrom, 196-97,2069,215 Raaben, R. S. von, 72-73,81 Radivilov pogrom An-sky’s description, 116 Rakiski pogrom (Kovno province), 121 rape of Jewish women. See female dimension of pogrom violence Rech, Kadet’s newspaper, 82 Red Army, 2 Roman Catholics. See Catholics Romania attacks on Jewish property, 1-2 collective violence against Jews, 1-2,14 Jasi pogrom, 20 massacres in, 20 Roosevelt, Theodore, 73 Rossman, Israel, 78-79 Rovno Jewish Community, 37-38 Russian Civil War (1917-1921), 2, 17. See also Proskurov (now Khmelnytsky) pogrom anti-Jewish violence/pogroms, 11314,133-49 breakdown of civil society, 19-20 Felshtin pogrom, 134,142 Ovruch pogrom, 134 as turning point for pogroms, 2,11 Russian Civil War (1918-1921) pogroms, 113-14 Russian military army pogroms in Kovno province pogrom, 111-12,120-21
INDEX in Minsk province pogrom, 111-12, 123-25 in Vilna province pogrom, 11112,122-23 in Volhynia Province, 111-12 Russian Red Cross Committee to Aid Victims of Pogroms, 11 Russia (Russian Empire) anti-German pogroms, 110,118-20 as birthplace of pogroms, 3-4 blaming Jews for exploiting peasants, 9 campaign against Jews as “enemy aliens”, 108,112-13 deadly bloodshed (1903-1906), 7 documented pogroms, 1 -2 Fedorchenko’s notes from the front, 112,128 Fridmans denunciation of Russian government, 127 government anti-Jewish circulars, 113 Great Retreat by Russian army, 110-11 Great War (1914-1915) pogroms, 113-14 Kafafov’s circular to governors, mayors, Chiefs of police, 128-29 Krasnoïarsk, Siberia pogrom, 129-31 military pogroms, 109 mob violence, southwestern borderlands, 14-16 Moscow anti-German pogroms, 118-20 observations of a nameless doctor, 39-40 October Manifesto, 85,87,89,92,95,100, 102,103 pre-WW I cycles of anti-Jewish violence, 6 rape of Jewish women, 125-28 Russian Civil War (1918-1921) pogroms, 113-14 war pogroms vs. “pogrom waves,” 108 World War I pogroms, 108-32 Russia’s borderlands pogroms (1881-1884), 23-40 Bal’verzhishki (Balbieriškis) anti-Jewish riots, 38-39 causes of, 25-27 government’s response to pogrom crisis, 29,36-37 journalistic accounts of rape, violence against women, 43-45 leaflet’s inciting anti-Jewish riots around Kharkov, 36 Nezhin pogrom human casualties, 40-41 Odessa/arrests for pogrom-related activities, 36-37 Preny (Prienai) anti-Jewish riots, 38-39 233 railway employees involvement with pogroms, 39-40 role of Jews’ in anti-Jewish violence,
41-43 Smela pogrom, Kiev (Kyv) province, 30-35 Rzeszów pogrom (Poland), 55,199 Schmidt, Karl, 72 Schmidt, Mirka, 126-27 Semosenko, Ivan role in Proskuriv pogrom, 135-38,140-43, 144,145-48 Shimonets pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Siberia pogrom, 129-31 Sixth Zionist Congress (1903), 73-74 Slobodka-Romanovka pogrom, 101 Slovechno pogrom (Ukraine), 176-78,179, 182,189-190 Smela pogrom, Kiev (Kyv) province, 30-35 administration of corporal punishment, 33 causes of rioting in Smela, nearby villages, 35 Colonel Golubuv and, 30-34 destruction of all Jewish homes, 32,33-34 influence of Kiev pogrom, 30-31 looting/destruction of Jewish businesses, 32 rioting/cruelty against Jews in nearby village, 34-35 Smorgon pogrom (Vilna province), 122-23 mass rapes in, 125,126 Social Democratic Party (Galicia), 50 Sokol pogrom An-sky’s witness of attack/ aftermath, 116-18 Soloki pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Sommerstein, Emil, 212-17 Soviet Union ban on antisemitism, 14 condemnation of pogroms, 18 role in overhaul of history of pogroms, 17 Stary Sącz proceeding (second proceeding), 61-62 Stojalowski, Stanislaw, 49,67-69 Strzyżów trial, 58-59 Suboch pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Szczerbowski, Ajzik, 197-98,212 Szponder, Andrzej, 57-58 Taurida pogrom, 23-24 Tcherikower, Elias, 14 on Chomskii trial, 14 writing collaboration with Faygnberg on Dubovo pogroms, 170-74
234 INDEX telegrams from Donbukov, to Minister of Internal Affairs, 36-37 from Rovno Jewish Community to Ministry of the Interior, 37-38 Teplitskii, Lev, 106 Tolstoy, Leo denunciation of anti-Jewish violence, 74-75 torture, 7 Totleben, E. L, 38-39 Trashkun pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Troyer (Sorrow) (Hofshteyn), 176-77 Tserkovnoobshchestvennyi vestnik (Church Society Gazette) newspaper, 9 Ukraine/Ukraine pogroms data on Jewish deaths, 11 global protests against massacres in, 16 leaflets inciting anti-Jewish riots in Kharkov, 36 Lwów (formerly Lemberg, Currently L’viv), 110,116-17,195,199n.9,201-5 New York Times article on pogrom violence, 16 overhaul of history of pogroms in, 16-17 peak of 1,500 pogroms, 2 promotion of anti-Bolshevik propaganda, 14 violence perpetrated by women, 13 waves ofviolence (1919-1921), 193 Ukrainian Peoples Republic, 2,14,13536,138 Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, 135 Union of the Russian People, 9 Veshinty pogrom (Kovno province), 121,125 Vestnik Evropy journal, 118-20 Vidzy pogrom (Kovno province), 121 mass rapes in, 125,126 Vilna province pogroms German operations in, 120-21,122 Glubokoe pogrom, 123-24,125 narrative by Erlikh, 122-23 Polish troops creation of, 195-96 Russian military army pogroms, 11112,123 Smorgon pogrom, 122-23 testimony from (1919), 123-206 Vizhuny pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Volhynia Province pogroms, 37-38,111-12 Vol’niki pogrom (Kovno province), 121 Warsaw pogroms, 23-24 Washington, Booker T, 83-84 Western Belarus German sponsored, anti-Jewish killing operations, 20-21 Western Ukraine (Lviv) pogrom, 20 White
movement, 2,13-14 Wieniec Pszczółka, publication, 52-53 Wieśniak, Stanislaw, 196-97,206,208 Within the Pale: The True Story ofAnti-Semitic Persecutions in Russia (Davitt), 73-74 women. See female dimension of pogrom violence women as agents ofviolence, 174-75 World War I (WW I) pre-war anti-Jewish violence, 6 Russianpogroms, 108-32 as turning point for pogroms, 2 World War II (WWII) German sponsored, anti-Jewish killing operations, 20-21 post-war spike in pogroms, 21 Wyżkowski, Władysław, 58-59 Young Turks, 12 Zangwill, Israel, 73 |
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| era_facet | Geschichte 1881-1946 |
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| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV047633253</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240719</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">211209s2021 ac|| b||| 10||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780190060084</subfield><subfield code="c">hbk</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-19-006008-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780190060091</subfield><subfield code="c">pbk</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-19-006009-1</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1289499105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV047633253</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-384</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-824</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-521</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">HIST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">NY 8000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)132373:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Pogroms</subfield><subfield code="b">a documentary history</subfield><subfield code="c">edited by Eugene M. Avrutin and Elissa Bemporad</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">New York</subfield><subfield code="b">Oxford University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">[2021]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">© 2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xii, 234 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Porträts</subfield><subfield code="c">25,4 cm</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Pogroms: A Documentary History explores the remarkable long history of anti-Jewish violence in the East European borderlands beginning with the pogroms of 1881-1882 in the Russian Empire and concluding in Poland on the eve of World War II. This volume begins with a comprehensive introductory essay on pogroms followed by nine case studies. Organized chronologically, each chapter includes a unique array of archival and published sources, selected and introduced by a scholar expert in the period under investigation. The documents assembled here include eyewitness testimony, oral histories, diary excerpts, literary works, trial records, and press coverage. They also contain memos and field reports authored by army officials, investigative commissions, humanitarian organizations, and government officials. Each chapter explains the origins, timing, and consequences of pogrom violence at various levels of society, as well as the lives, relationships, activities, and interactions of those groups of people that rarely appear in the historical literature. By providing a nuanced analysis of the specific geopolitical context where the violence erupted, each chapter captures the specific nature of the waves of pogroms that broke out in different regions and at different times. Informed by the literature on collective violence and comparative genocide studies, this volume helps reevaluate the complex motivations, policy directives, and reactions of the most powerful decision makers to those officials and their accomplices operating in the provinces. The result is a balanced and accessible guide to the history of anti-Jewish violence"--</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Pogroms: An Introduction -- 1. Pogroms in Russia's Borderlands, 1881-.1884 -- Document 1.1 Pogrom in Smela, Kiev Province [1881] -- Document 1.2 Leaflets Dropped around Kharkov Inviting People to Commit Anti-.Jewish Violence [1881] -- Document 1.3 Telegram to the Minister of Internal Affairs from Prince Donbukov, Odessa, May 5, 1881 -- Document 1.4 Telegram Sent to the Ministry of the Interior on May 5, 1881, from the Rovno Jewish Community, Volhynia Province -- Document 1.5 Circular Distributed on May 6, 1881, by E. I. Totleben, the Governor-.General of Vilna, to His Subordinates -- Document 1.6 Observations Made by a Nameless Doctor [1881 or 1882] -- Document 1.7 Secret Memo by the Deputy Chief of the Gendarme Department in Chernigov Province [1881] -- Document 1.8 Memo Written on June 9, 1881, by the Ekaterinoslav Governor to the Ministry of the Interior -- Document 1.9 The Russo-.Jewish Question: A Special Correspondent of the Jewish World [1881] -- 2. The 1898 Anti-.Jewish Violence in Habsburg Galicia -- Document 2.1 Pamphlet Widely Disseminated in Western Galicia: Jewish Secrets [1898] -- Document 2.2 Election Campaign Promotion from Wieniec Pszczólka [1898] -- Document 2.3 Report from the Kalwaria Zebrzydowska District Captain [1898] -- Documents 2.4 and 2.5 Anti-.Jewish Flyers [1898] -- Document 2.6 The Lutcza Indictment [1899] -- Documents 2.7 and 2.8 Three Trial Excerpts [1898] -- Document 2.9 Second Stary Sacz Proceeding [1898] -- Document 2.10 Parliamentary Debates on the Anti-.Jewish Riots [1898] -- 3. 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| genre_facet | Quelle Konferenzschrift 2019 New York, NY |
| geographic | Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Osteuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV047633253 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:46:02Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T09:00:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780190060084 9780190060091 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033017591 |
| oclc_num | 1289499105 |
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| owner | DE-384 DE-12 DE-824 DE-29 DE-521 |
| owner_facet | DE-384 DE-12 DE-824 DE-29 DE-521 |
| physical | xii, 234 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts 25,4 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220812 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Oxford University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Pogroms a documentary history edited by Eugene M. Avrutin and Elissa Bemporad New York Oxford University Press [2021] © 2021 xii, 234 Seiten Illustrationen, Porträts 25,4 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "Pogroms: A Documentary History explores the remarkable long history of anti-Jewish violence in the East European borderlands beginning with the pogroms of 1881-1882 in the Russian Empire and concluding in Poland on the eve of World War II. This volume begins with a comprehensive introductory essay on pogroms followed by nine case studies. Organized chronologically, each chapter includes a unique array of archival and published sources, selected and introduced by a scholar expert in the period under investigation. The documents assembled here include eyewitness testimony, oral histories, diary excerpts, literary works, trial records, and press coverage. They also contain memos and field reports authored by army officials, investigative commissions, humanitarian organizations, and government officials. Each chapter explains the origins, timing, and consequences of pogrom violence at various levels of society, as well as the lives, relationships, activities, and interactions of those groups of people that rarely appear in the historical literature. By providing a nuanced analysis of the specific geopolitical context where the violence erupted, each chapter captures the specific nature of the waves of pogroms that broke out in different regions and at different times. Informed by the literature on collective violence and comparative genocide studies, this volume helps reevaluate the complex motivations, policy directives, and reactions of the most powerful decision makers to those officials and their accomplices operating in the provinces. The result is a balanced and accessible guide to the history of anti-Jewish violence"-- Cover -- Half-Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Pogroms: An Introduction -- 1. Pogroms in Russia's Borderlands, 1881-.1884 -- Document 1.1 Pogrom in Smela, Kiev Province [1881] -- Document 1.2 Leaflets Dropped around Kharkov Inviting People to Commit Anti-.Jewish Violence [1881] -- Document 1.3 Telegram to the Minister of Internal Affairs from Prince Donbukov, Odessa, May 5, 1881 -- Document 1.4 Telegram Sent to the Ministry of the Interior on May 5, 1881, from the Rovno Jewish Community, Volhynia Province -- Document 1.5 Circular Distributed on May 6, 1881, by E. I. Totleben, the Governor-.General of Vilna, to His Subordinates -- Document 1.6 Observations Made by a Nameless Doctor [1881 or 1882] -- Document 1.7 Secret Memo by the Deputy Chief of the Gendarme Department in Chernigov Province [1881] -- Document 1.8 Memo Written on June 9, 1881, by the Ekaterinoslav Governor to the Ministry of the Interior -- Document 1.9 The Russo-.Jewish Question: A Special Correspondent of the Jewish World [1881] -- 2. The 1898 Anti-.Jewish Violence in Habsburg Galicia -- Document 2.1 Pamphlet Widely Disseminated in Western Galicia: Jewish Secrets [1898] -- Document 2.2 Election Campaign Promotion from Wieniec Pszczólka [1898] -- Document 2.3 Report from the Kalwaria Zebrzydowska District Captain [1898] -- Documents 2.4 and 2.5 Anti-.Jewish Flyers [1898] -- Document 2.6 The Lutcza Indictment [1899] -- Documents 2.7 and 2.8 Three Trial Excerpts [1898] -- Document 2.9 Second Stary Sacz Proceeding [1898] -- Document 2.10 Parliamentary Debates on the Anti-.Jewish Riots [1898] -- 3. Kishinev Pogrom -- Document 3.1 On Hayim Nahman Bialik's "City of Killing" [1935] -- Document 3.2 Hayim Nahman Bialik, "City of Killing" [1903] -- Document 3.3 Testimony of Israel Rossman [1903]. Geschichte 1881-1946 gnd rswk-swf Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 gnd rswk-swf Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd rswk-swf Pogrom (DE-588)4137649-3 gnd rswk-swf Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 gnd rswk-swf Pogroms / Russia / History / Sources Pogroms / Europe, Eastern / History / Sources Jews / Persecutions / Russia / History / Sources Jews / Persecutions / Europe, Eastern / History / Sources Antisemitism / Russia / History / Sources Antisemitism / Europe, Eastern / History / Sources Antisemitism Jews / Persecutions Pogroms Eastern Europe Russia History Sources (DE-588)4135952-5 Quelle gnd-content (DE-588)1071861417 Konferenzschrift 2019 New York, NY gnd-content Osteuropa (DE-588)4075739-0 g Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 s Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 s Pogrom (DE-588)4137649-3 s Geschichte 1881-1946 z DE-604 Avrutin, Eugene M. 1974- (DE-588)1138038245 edt Bemporad, Elissa ca. 20./21. Jh. (DE-588)139906665 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-0-19-006011-4 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033017591&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033017591&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033017591&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Pogroms a documentary history Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 gnd Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd Pogrom (DE-588)4137649-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4002333-3 (DE-588)4028814-6 (DE-588)4137649-3 (DE-588)4075739-0 (DE-588)4135952-5 (DE-588)1071861417 |
| title | Pogroms a documentary history |
| title_auth | Pogroms a documentary history |
| title_exact_search | Pogroms a documentary history |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Pogroms a documentary history |
| title_full | Pogroms a documentary history edited by Eugene M. Avrutin and Elissa Bemporad |
| title_fullStr | Pogroms a documentary history edited by Eugene M. Avrutin and Elissa Bemporad |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pogroms a documentary history edited by Eugene M. Avrutin and Elissa Bemporad |
| title_short | Pogroms |
| title_sort | pogroms a documentary history |
| title_sub | a documentary history |
| topic | Antisemitismus (DE-588)4002333-3 gnd Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd Pogrom (DE-588)4137649-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Antisemitismus Judenverfolgung Pogrom Osteuropa Quelle Konferenzschrift 2019 New York, NY |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033017591&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033017591&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033017591&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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