Krishtërimi i hershëm në provincat Praevalis dhe Dardania: (studime arkeologjike) = Early Christianity in the provinces Praevalis and Dardania : (archaeological studies)
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Albanian |
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Tiranë
Akademia e Studimeve Albanologjike, Instituti i Arkeologjisë Tiranë ; Biblioteka Françeskane "Át Gjergj Fishta"
2021
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Literaturverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 320 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne 30 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789928331205 |
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| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a Early Christianity in the provinces Praevalis and Dardania |
| 264 | 1 | |a Tiranë |b Akademia e Studimeve Albanologjike, Instituti i Arkeologjisë Tiranë ; Biblioteka Françeskane "Át Gjergj Fishta" |c 2021 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Pasqyra e lëndës Hyrje ............................................................................................................................................... 7 L PROCESI I KRISTIANIZIMIT NË TERRITORIN E PROVINCĒS PRAEVALIS 1.1 Burimet historike mbi krishtërimin e hershëm............................................................................11 1.2 Ndërtimet paleokristiane në territorin e provincēs Praevalis...................................................17 1.2.1 Gjurmët e kristianizmit të hershëm nga qyteti і Shkodrës...............................................17 1.2.2 Dëshmitë paleokristiane në qytetin e Lezhës..................................................................... 23 1.2 .2. 1. Adoptimi paleokristian mbi termën romake...................................................................... 23 1.2 .2. 2. Kisha e Shën Gjergjit (lagja Marlekaj, Lezhë)...................................................................... 25 1.2 .2. 3. Katedralja e Shën Kollit (Memoriali і Skënderbeut).......................................................... 28 1.2 .2. 4. Kishat e Mesjetës së Herëshme në rrëzën e Kalasë,,........................................................ 35 1.2 .2. 5. Kisha në kalanë e Lezhës......................................................................................................37 1.2 .2. 6. Materialet arkeologjike..........................................................................................................38 1.2.3 Doclea
paleokristiane.......................................................................................................... 40 1.2.3.1 Bazilika А...............................................................................................................................43 1.2.3. 2 Bazilika В............................................................................................................................... 43 1.2.3.3 Kisha C ............................................................................................................................. 44 1.2.4 Fillesat e krishtërimit në qytetin e Kotorrit....................................................................... 48 1.2.5 Ndërtime paleokristiane në Prelavka................................................................................ 51 1.2.6 Kisha në Rose........................................................................................................................53 1.2.7 Bazilika me baptister në Podlastva dhe polikonkanë Gërbalj..........................................54 1.2.8 Krishërimi i hershëm në Budva......................................................................................... 59 1.2.9 Vila në Petrovac....................................................................................................................64 1.2.10 Trikonka në Tivar.................................................................................................................67 1.2.11 Kish a e Shën Theodorit në kështjellën e Tivarit...............................................................69
1.2.12 Kisha paleokristiane në Velikij Pijesak...............................................................................69 1.2.13 Gjurmë të krishërimit të hershëm në kalanë e Ulqinit..................................................... 74 1.2.14 Të dhëna paleokristiane nga і ashtuquaturi Ulqin і Vjetër .........................................76 1.2.15 Peisazhi paleokristian і Shasit (Svač)................................................................................. 78 1.2.16 Qyteza e Dinoshës në periudhën paleokristiane...............................................................81 1.2.17 Kompleksi kishtar në Doljan............................................................................................. 83 1.2.18 Kisha e hershme kristiane në Šipkova Glavica..................................................................90 1.2.19 Viš Djevičgrad, gjurmë ndërtimi paleokristian..............................................................92 1.2.20 Krajlično Oko , mbetjet e njě bazilike.............................................................................. 92 1.2.21 Dëshmi ndërtimi paleokristian në Ploçë........................................................................... 94 1.2.22 Kisha paleokristiane në Kushe të Hotit............................................................................. 96 1.2.23 Bazilika në Lohe të Sipërme............................................................................................. 101 1.2.24 Fragmente arkitektonike paleokristiane nga Oblika...................................................... 103
1.2.25 Bazilika në fshatin Mërqi të Lezhës.................................................................................. 106 1.2.26 Dëshmi paleokristiane nga fshati Kabash і Pukës.......................................................... 110 1.2.27 Shurdhahu - Sarda paleokristiane՛..;............... 112 1.2.28 Dëshmitë e krishtërimit të hershëm nga Komani........................................................... 115 3 - -
1.3 Raportēt polis -nekropolis dhe krishtërimi і hershëm në Praevalis 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 123 Të dhënat për nekropolin në Shkodër............................................................................... 125 Dinamika polis-necropolis në Lissus (Lezhë)....................................................................127 Qyteti dhe varrezat në Doclea............................................................................................. 127 Disa të dhëna nga Kotorri....................................................................................................130 Zhvillimi i nekropolii në Budva........................................................ ........................— 131 Nekropoli në qytetin dhe kështjellën e Tivarit................................................................ 133 Gjurmët e nekropolii paleokristian në Ulqin.................................................................... 135 Nekropoli në qytetin e Shurdhahut (Sardës).................................................................... 135 Nekropoli në qytetin e Shasit......................................................... 137 Përmbyllje mbi nekropolet në provincën Praevalis....................................................... 140 1.4 Objekte të spikatura te krishtërimit te hershëm nga provinca Praevalis...............................142 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1 1.1. 1.2. 2 2.1 3 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 4 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 5 5.1. 6 6.1. 7. Pagane dhe
kristianë........................................................................................................ 142 Cipus-i nga Risani...............................................................................................................142 Stela nga Kolvrati......................................................... 143 Bariu і mire „.................................................................................................................... 143 Gema nga Risani................................................................................................................. 143 Nga paganizmi në kristianizëm- dëshmi të refrigerium-it nga provinca Praevalis........144 Varreza e Kalldrunit dhe dy kupat sigillata.......................................................................144 Varreza e Docleas dhe Kupa e Podgoricës .................................................................... 149 Dy fjalë hyrëse për refrigerium ....................................................................................... 153 Refrigerium dhe commendatici animae”............................... 155 Një interpretim dhe përmbyllja për refrigerium ............................................................ 157 Hermeneutika ikonologjike e paterave të Kalldrunit dhe Docleas (nga At. Flavio Cavallini OFM)..................................................................................................................160 Shenjt oriental.................................................................................. 176 Ampula e Shën
Menasit..................................................................................................... 176 Ampula pelegrinësh apo stoli grash?................................................................................178 Fibulat-broshë me paraqitje të eukaristisë nga Krnja, Lezha dhe Mjela (Vir Pazar).... 178 Monedhat me simbole paleokristiane............................................................................... 179 1.5 Përmbyllje për Krishtërimin e hershëm në Praevalis............................................ 180 II. PROCESI I KRISTIANIZIMIT NË DARDANI ILI. II.2 II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. 4 - ֊ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Burimet historike për procesin e kristianizimit në Dardani.........................................184 Monumentet paleokristiane në Dardani............................................... 187 Kisha në Korishë..................................................................................................................188 Kisha në Pecë (Kukës).............................................................. 194 Kisha në Vërmicë.................................................................................................................196 Kisha e Shën Premtes-Bogorodica Ljeviška- në Prizren...................................................196 Kisha në Bella Cërkva............................................................. 203 Trikonka në Kastere......................................................... 203 Kisha në Harillaq..................................... 205 Ulpiana në periudhën e hershme
kristianë......................... 208
II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. П.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. III. 8. 1 8. 2 8. 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 E ashtuquajtura kishë e tipit helenistik ......................................................................210 Zbulimi і baptisterit me tetě копка..............................................................................212 Bazilika peshkopale...................................................................................................... 213 Kisha ně Banjice të Pejës................................................................................................215 Manastiri në Studenice..................................................................................................216 Kisha në Vrellë të Istogut..............................................................................................216 Kisha në Strezoc të Dardanës........................................................................................218 Kisha tjera palokristiane në Dardani ( ende të pagërmuara)........................................220 Disa objekte paleokristiane nga territori і Dardanisë................................................... 220 Disa tiparet të monumenteve të herëshme kristiane në Dardani................................. 220 VËZHGIME MBI MOBILITETIN NË TERRITORIN E ILIRIKUT PERËNDIMOR MBI BAZEN E DISA OBJEKTEVE TË KRISHTËRIMIT TË HERSHËM. III. 1 111.2 111.3 111.4 111.5 III. 6 III. 7 111.8 111.9 ШЛО III. 11 IV . V. IV. 1 IV.2 IV.2. 1. IV.2. 2. Ampula e Shën Menasti nga Shkodra......................................................................... 224 Ampula
nga kisha paleokristiane në Korishë.............................................................. 227 Ampula nga bazilika në Zaradishtë..............................................................................228 Ampula nga gërmimet në Butrint.............................................................................. 230 Funksioni dhe roli i ampulave......................................................................................230 Ampulat dhe itinerarët rrugorë....................................................................................234 Fibulai Diskoidale me parqitje të Eukaristisë.............................................................. 236 Thesari avaro-bizantin i Vrapit....................................................................................237 Thesari avaro-bizantin і Ersekës..................................................................................238 Qeramikë kuzhine nga Praevalis dhe Dardania............................................................242 Objektet e mobilitetit dhe panorama historike e antikitetit të voně............................. 242 SUMMARY: EARLY CHRISTIANITY IN THE PROVINCES PRAEVALIS AND DARDANIA (archaeological studies).....................................................248 SHKURTIMET DHE BIBLIOGRAFIA Shkurtimet.....................................................................................................................291 Bibiligrafia.....................................................................................................................293 Burimet
historike...........................................................................................................293 Literatura.......................................................................................................................295 5 - -
EARLY CHRISTIANITY IN THE PROVINCES PRAEVALIS AND DARDANIA. (Archaeological Studies) Introduction This study was gradually shaped by the author s work experience on the archaeology of Late Antiquity. The data and documentation of the early Christian remains in the territory of city Shkodra (Scodra) and its surroundings have been assembled, in addition to the data from author s early excavations. The undertaking of the Archaeological Map of Kosovo Project in 2000-2006, which focused mainly on the territory of western Kosovo, represented a notable enrichment of this experience. A rich list of this territory s monuments of the Christian cult was added to the assembled material. Several years later, the opportunity of a programmed scientific journey in the territory of Montenegro emerged. Gradually, a considerable amount of material was gathered on the monuments and material culture of the early Christian period from the territory of two provinces, Praevalis and Dardania. The conception of this work occurred naturally, as a result of the accumulation of experience during fieldwork, the reconnaissance of historical sources, and of the written contributions on the two noted provinces. On early Christianism in Dardania, there are two valuable studies: one by Dr. Don Gasper Gjini (1982),and the other by Prof. Zef Mirdita (1998). However, these works have been based mainly on historical sources and literature, without exploiting sufficiently the available (though minimal) archaeological data. Meanwhile, on the Praevails province there are a number of articles focused on the
Montenegro part, by P. Mijović (1987) and M. Zagarčanin (2016, 2019); on the north Albanian part, research has been published by the author of this study (2000, 2015). Consequently, it was seen as necessary to undertake a further step in order to present in a summary of studies all of the data that have been gathered so far, not only on the monuments but also on the material culture of the early Christian period in the territory of these two provinces. Furthermore, with the passing of time, it is continuously necessary to update the new results and research methods of archaeological research. For this reason, besides presenting the obtained results, the aim has been to open our perspective through further investigations. In essence, this work presents the monuments, necropolei, and numerous aspects of the material culture of early Christianity. However, each of these categories embodies numerous issues that require scientific scrutiny. • Research and studies on cult constructions are very much compatible with the - 248 -
current policies on culture, aimed at protecting and strengthening this patrimony of monuments, not only for scientific research purposes, but primarily because of the increase of historical and cultural tourism. With regards to scientific research, it is highly important not only to uncover but to also examine and determine the function that characterises a cult building. Therefore, efforts are made in this study to bring concrete examples from the territories of the two noted provinces. In most cases, the presented cult buildings have been specifically labelled as episcopal church or cathedral, church complex, monastery, diaconicon , votive or pilgrimage church, martyrion , baptismal church or parish church, etc. These structures are linked to the transformation of urban and territorial structures in the transitional period between Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Such viewpoint enabled the detection of a segment of history, where in an inseparable way are entwined elements of the pagan tradition with the novelties brought by Christianity. Significant examples from the city of Shkodra, Lezha, Dolcea, and Ulpiana illustrate in considerable detail this process of historical transformation. Equally, cult buildings and church organisation in general are seen from a wider perspective than the religious one of cura animarum . The church often takes the form of a rich microcosm of multiple implications. Beyond its religious aspect, its role in the urban network of a city, in the repopulation of the village, in the organisation of social life within a community, in land
inheritance, in resolving numerous economic and social issues cannot be denied. The buildings of the Christian cult could often bear the value of a museum or archive, bringing in some cases historical testimonies of unique value. • Funerary topography expands on a previous study of the province of Praevalis by the author. It represents an important element in understanding urban space in its entirety. Although this topography has not been investigated sufficiently by local archaeology, it has been possible to extract some valuable data on funerary urbanism and early Christianity. Many examples of this time of transformation attest to the substantial changes that accompany the gradual vanishing of the ancient opposition between the spaces of the polis and those of the necropolis. In current literature, this process is conceived as a phenomenon of the late antique period, and is linked in a natural way to the influence of Christianism. The general contours of this process are obvious; however, we must further persist in order to distinguish all of the regional differences or specificities. This can be achieved only through the help of new archaeological excavations of advanced contemporary parameters, and means of assembling the information. Naturally, this kind of quality update in scientific archaeological research is accompanied by financial costs. • Research in the field of iconographie schemes and architectural constituents has achieved evident results in recent years. The good tradition in this field of study is being ever more transmitted also through works on the
provinces of Praevalis and Dardania. A comparative analysis is being made possible between the iconographie figures on architectural elements and archaeological objects - 249 -
of varies kinds. This comparison is even more fruitful when deeper and more detailed use of the historical sources is made. On the province of Praevalis, mention must be made of the advancement achieved by the new study of iconography by the young German author Stefani Nagel on The Cup of Pudgorica , which is an object that has been discussed at the highest level of international scholarship. Her interpretation is not undermined at all by my differing opinion with regards to the function of this cup. Furthermore, new opinions on its interpretation, iconographie composition and date continue to be expressed to this day, as shown by a careful study by Father Flavio Cavallini OFM, which is integrated in this publication. On the province of Dardania mention must be made of a detailed iconographie study of the Lamp of Peca by François Barrate and Luan Përzhita. Open communication with colleagues and the great opportunities to exploit online literature are now evident advantages. However, it must be noted that the absence of a specific field of study on the history of ancient and medieval art in Albania has represented a problem in the past and continues to do so still. The gathering and presentation of early Christian material culture has made us observe its gradual distribution in the territory of the two provinces, Praevalis and Dardania. This process of penetration developed through cultural and commercial exchange and through travel by by soldiers or pilgrims, who brought with them relics of Christian saints, as well as other objects of a similar nature. The examples
conveyed through these objects are a clear expression of new material culture, which bears the seal of the new religion. This picture is enriched by the acts of the martyrs, Flori and Lauri from Ulpiana, by the material testimonies of the eastern saints Sergius and Bacchus at Shirgj, and from the worship of Saint Trifon at Kotor, among others. The appearance of Christian topography, obviously influenced by the names of local saints and places by loca scanta, signals a new cultural element, which is nuanced significantly by Christianity. This overview of studies on early Christianity in the provinces of Praevalis and Dardania aims to serve to colleagues who pursue this field of research. Many of the chapters present ideas and discussions that can serve as subject of further scientific research. This would be enabled especially through the use of new methods of investigation and study applied to the field of late antique archaeology. As a first assemblage of this nature for this territory, the book will also be of interest to students and lecturers of late antique archaeology. It offers summarised scientific information, bibliography, and a rich illustrating documentation, that so far have been scattered in published literature. Suffice to note that in the 108 mounted figures, that accompany the text, there are over 365 photographs, 160 drawings, 80 plans and 10 maps. • Lastly, it can be said that this overview of studies bears the seal of more than two decades of experience in the field and library, in Albania and abroad. During this lengthy period, the exchange of opinions
with colleagues - 250 -
has never lacked. The shady was presented for discussion in the Department of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, where my colleagues offered valuable observations and suggestions. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to them. My colleague from Kosovo, Shah Gashi deserves heartfelt thanks for collaborating with me in the excavation of the church at Korisha (2004 and 2007), and in the reconnaissance of the territory of Kosovo. Also, former student and PhD of the University of Tirana, current colleague from Ulqin, Anton Lulgjuraj, has accompanied me during the two-month fieldwork period in the territory of Montenegro in 2009, and in many later excavations and trips. Without the information of these investigations, this overview of studies would be rather incomplete. Special gratitude and thanks are owed to the Albanian Franciscan Custodian, Zonja Nunciatë seated at Shkodra, for the long collaboration in publishing and for funding the publication of this book. In view of the rhythm at which research advances, especially in this new digital era, anyone of us senses ever more the highly relative and temporary value of the research we do. Nevertheless, the moment of making public the achieved result is essential. Therefore, I am closing with the meaningful essence condensed in two Latin phrases: hoc est in votis and habent sua fata libelli . - 251 -
V.2 BIBLIOGRAFIA V.2.1 В URIMET AA. SS 1770 Acta Sanctorvm. Die Septima Octobris. De SS. Sergio et Baccho MM. in Syria. Commentarius praevus. I. Sanctorum memoria in Fortis sacris cultusque ecclesiasticus publicus, Acta Sanctorum, Octobris, Tomvs Tertivs, Antverpiae MDCCLXX (1770 ), 833- 844. A.Alb.1 1913 Acta et Diplomata res Albániáé mediae Aetatis Illustrantia, vorbereitet von: L.Thalloczy, C.Jireček, und E.Šufflay, Vol, 1, Vindabonae, МСМХШ (1913). ACO, 1,1982 Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum, (edidit Schwartz Eduard) Index prosopographicus, Berolini 1982 ACO, II, 1984 Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum, (edidit Schwartz Eduard), Index topographicus, Berolini 1984 ACO I-III 1984 Acta Conciliorum Oecumenicorum, Index Generalis, Tomorvm I-IIII, pars tertia, Index topographicvs, congessit R. Schieffer, (Walter de Gruyter) Berolini, MDCCCCLXXXIIII (1984) An. Boll. 1895 Analecta Bollandiana, Tomus XIV, (ed. C. Smedt, I.Backer, F.Ortray, I. Cheyn, H. Delehaye A. Poncelet), Société des Bollandistes, Bruxelles 1895, 373-395. Augustinus 1958 Augustinus, Quaestionum in Heptateuchum, 2, 73 in Corpus Christianorum Series Latina, Volume 33, (CCSL 33) Edition Brepols, Turnhout, 1958,106. Augustinus 1955 Augustinus, De civitate dei. D 22,8, in in Corpus Christianorum Series Latina, Volume 48, (CCSL 48) Edition Brepols, (B. Dombart, A.Kalb), Turnhout, 1955, 820 Byz. Anon. Byzantiner Anonymus, Kriegswissenschaft, H. Köchly-W. Rüstow, Griechische Kriegsschriftsteller, Zweiter Teil, Die Taktiker, Zweite Abteilung, Leipzig 1855 CCSL 1982 Corpvs Christianorvm, Series Latina, Volume CXL- Registrvm
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Pasqyra e lëndës Hyrje . 7 L PROCESI I KRISTIANIZIMIT NË TERRITORIN E PROVINCĒS PRAEVALIS 1.1 Burimet historike mbi krishtërimin e hershëm.11 1.2 Ndërtimet paleokristiane në territorin e provincēs Praevalis.17 1.2.1 Gjurmët e kristianizmit të hershëm nga qyteti і Shkodrës.17 1.2.2 Dëshmitë paleokristiane në qytetin e Lezhës. 23 1.2 .2. 1. Adoptimi paleokristian mbi termën romake. 23 1.2 .2. 2. Kisha e Shën Gjergjit (lagja Marlekaj, Lezhë). 25 1.2 .2. 3. Katedralja e Shën Kollit (Memoriali і Skënderbeut). 28 1.2 .2. 4. Kishat e Mesjetës së Herëshme në "rrëzën e Kalasë,,. 35 1.2 .2. 5. Kisha në kalanë e Lezhës.37 1.2 .2. 6. Materialet arkeologjike.38 1.2.3 Doclea
paleokristiane. 40 1.2.3.1 Bazilika А.43 1.2.3. 2 Bazilika В. 43 1.2.3.3 Kisha "C". 44 1.2.4 Fillesat e krishtërimit në qytetin e Kotorrit. 48 1.2.5 Ndërtime paleokristiane në Prelavka. 51 1.2.6 Kisha në Rose.53 1.2.7 Bazilika me baptister në Podlastva dhe polikonkanë Gërbalj.54 1.2.8 Krishërimi i hershëm në Budva. 59 1.2.9 Vila në Petrovac.64 1.2.10 Trikonka në Tivar.67 1.2.11 Kish a e Shën Theodorit në kështjellën e Tivarit.69
1.2.12 Kisha paleokristiane në Velikij Pijesak.69 1.2.13 Gjurmë të krishërimit të hershëm në kalanë e Ulqinit. 74 1.2.14 Të dhëna paleokristiane nga і ashtuquaturi "Ulqin і Vjetër".76 1.2.15 Peisazhi paleokristian і Shasit (Svač). 78 1.2.16 Qyteza e Dinoshës në periudhën paleokristiane.81 1.2.17 Kompleksi kishtar në Doljan. 83 1.2.18 Kisha e hershme kristiane në Šipkova Glavica.90 1.2.19 Viš Djevičgrad, gjurmë ndërtimi paleokristian.92 1.2.20 "Krajlično Oko", mbetjet e njě bazilike. 92 1.2.21 Dëshmi ndërtimi paleokristian në Ploçë. 94 1.2.22 Kisha paleokristiane në Kushe të Hotit. 96 1.2.23 Bazilika në Lohe të Sipërme. 101 1.2.24 Fragmente arkitektonike paleokristiane nga Oblika. 103
1.2.25 Bazilika në fshatin Mërqi të Lezhës. 106 1.2.26 Dëshmi paleokristiane nga fshati Kabash і Pukës. 110 1.2.27 Shurdhahu - Sarda paleokristiane՛.;. 112 1.2.28 Dëshmitë e krishtërimit të hershëm nga Komani. 115 3 - -
1.3 Raportēt polis -nekropolis dhe krishtërimi і hershëm në Praevalis 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1.3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 123 Të dhënat për nekropolin në Shkodër. 125 Dinamika polis-necropolis në Lissus (Lezhë).127 Qyteti dhe varrezat në Doclea. 127 Disa të dhëna nga Kotorri.130 Zhvillimi i nekropolii në Budva. .— 131 Nekropoli në qytetin dhe kështjellën e Tivarit. 133 Gjurmët e nekropolii paleokristian në Ulqin. 135 Nekropoli në qytetin e Shurdhahut (Sardës). 135 Nekropoli në qytetin e Shasit. 137 Përmbyllje mbi nekropolet në provincën Praevalis. 140 1.4 Objekte të spikatura te krishtërimit te hershëm nga provinca Praevalis.142 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1 1.1. 1.2. 2 2.1 3 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 4 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 1.4. 5 5.1. 6 6.1. 7. Pagane dhe
kristianë. 142 Cipus-i nga Risani.142 Stela nga Kolvrati. 143 "Bariu і mire „. 143 Gema nga Risani. 143 Nga paganizmi në kristianizëm- dëshmi të refrigerium-it nga provinca Praevalis.144 Varreza e Kalldrunit dhe dy kupat sigillata.144 Varreza e Docleas dhe "Kupa e Podgoricës". 149 Dy fjalë hyrëse për "refrigerium" . 153 "Refrigerium" dhe "commendatici animae”. 155 Një interpretim dhe përmbyllja për "refrigerium". 157 Hermeneutika ikonologjike e paterave të Kalldrunit dhe Docleas (nga At. Flavio Cavallini OFM).160 Shenjt oriental. 176 Ampula e Shën
Menasit. 176 Ampula pelegrinësh apo stoli grash?.178 Fibulat-broshë me paraqitje të eukaristisë nga Krnja, Lezha dhe Mjela (Vir Pazar). 178 Monedhat me simbole paleokristiane. 179 1.5 Përmbyllje për Krishtërimin e hershëm në Praevalis. 180 II. PROCESI I KRISTIANIZIMIT NË DARDANI ILI. II.2 II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. 4 - ֊ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Burimet historike për procesin e kristianizimit në Dardani.184 Monumentet paleokristiane në Dardani. 187 Kisha në Korishë.188 Kisha në Pecë (Kukës). 194 Kisha në Vërmicë.196 Kisha e Shën Premtes-Bogorodica Ljeviška- në Prizren.196 Kisha në Bella Cërkva. 203 Trikonka në Kastere. 203 Kisha në Harillaq. 205 Ulpiana në periudhën e hershme
kristianë. 208
II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. П.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. II.2. III. 8. 1 8. 2 8. 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 E ashtuquajtura kishë e tipit "helenistik".210 Zbulimi і baptisterit me tetě копка.212 Bazilika peshkopale. 213 Kisha ně Banjice të Pejës.215 Manastiri në Studenice.216 Kisha në Vrellë të Istogut.216 Kisha në Strezoc të Dardanës.218 Kisha tjera palokristiane në Dardani ( ende të pagërmuara).220 Disa objekte paleokristiane nga territori і Dardanisë. 220 Disa tiparet të monumenteve të herëshme kristiane në Dardani. 220 VËZHGIME MBI MOBILITETIN NË TERRITORIN E ILIRIKUT PERËNDIMOR MBI BAZEN E DISA OBJEKTEVE TË KRISHTËRIMIT TË HERSHËM. III. 1 111.2 111.3 111.4 111.5 III. 6 III. 7 111.8 111.9 ШЛО III. 11 IV . V. IV. 1 IV.2 IV.2. 1. IV.2. 2. Ampula e Shën Menasti nga Shkodra. 224 Ampula
nga kisha paleokristiane në Korishë. 227 Ampula nga bazilika në Zaradishtë.228 Ampula nga gërmimet në Butrint. 230 Funksioni dhe roli i ampulave.230 Ampulat dhe itinerarët rrugorë.234 Fibulai Diskoidale me parqitje të Eukaristisë. 236 Thesari avaro-bizantin i Vrapit.237 Thesari avaro-bizantin і Ersekës.238 Qeramikë kuzhine nga Praevalis dhe Dardania.242 Objektet e mobilitetit dhe panorama historike e antikitetit të voně. 242 SUMMARY: EARLY CHRISTIANITY IN THE PROVINCES PRAEVALIS AND DARDANIA (archaeological studies).248 SHKURTIMET DHE BIBLIOGRAFIA Shkurtimet.291 Bibiligrafia.293 Burimet
historike.293 Literatura.295 5 - -
EARLY CHRISTIANITY IN THE PROVINCES PRAEVALIS AND DARDANIA. (Archaeological Studies) Introduction This study was gradually shaped by the author's work experience on the archaeology of Late Antiquity. The data and documentation of the early Christian remains in the territory of city Shkodra (Scodra) and its surroundings have been assembled, in addition to the data from author's early excavations. The undertaking of the Archaeological Map of Kosovo Project in 2000-2006, which focused mainly on the territory of western Kosovo, represented a notable enrichment of this experience. A rich list of this territory's monuments of the Christian cult was added to the assembled material. Several years later, the opportunity of a programmed scientific journey in the territory of Montenegro emerged. Gradually, a considerable amount of material was gathered on the monuments and material culture of the early Christian period from the territory of two provinces, Praevalis and Dardania. The conception of this work occurred naturally, as a result of the accumulation of experience during fieldwork, the reconnaissance of historical sources, and of the written contributions on the two noted provinces. On early Christianism in Dardania, there are two valuable studies: one by Dr. Don Gasper Gjini (1982),and the other by Prof. Zef Mirdita (1998). However, these works have been based mainly on historical sources and literature, without exploiting sufficiently the available (though minimal) archaeological data. Meanwhile, on the Praevails province there are a number of articles focused on the
Montenegro part, by P. Mijović (1987) and M. Zagarčanin (2016, 2019); on the north Albanian part, research has been published by the author of this study (2000, 2015). Consequently, it was seen as necessary to undertake a further step in order to present in a summary of studies all of the data that have been gathered so far, not only on the monuments but also on the material culture of the early Christian period in the territory of these two provinces. Furthermore, with the passing of time, it is continuously necessary to update the new results and research methods of archaeological research. For this reason, besides presenting the obtained results, the aim has been to open our perspective through further investigations. In essence, this work presents the monuments, necropolei, and numerous aspects of the material culture of early Christianity. However, each of these categories embodies numerous issues that require scientific scrutiny. • Research and studies on cult constructions are very much compatible with the - 248 -
current policies on culture, aimed at protecting and strengthening this patrimony of monuments, not only for scientific research purposes, but primarily because of the increase of historical and cultural tourism. With regards to scientific research, it is highly important not only to uncover but to also examine and determine the function that characterises a cult building. Therefore, efforts are made in this study to bring concrete examples from the territories of the two noted provinces. In most cases, the presented cult buildings have been specifically labelled as episcopal church or cathedral, church complex, monastery, "diaconicon", votive or pilgrimage church, "martyrion", baptismal church or parish church, etc. These structures are linked to the transformation of urban and territorial structures in the transitional period between Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Such viewpoint enabled the detection of a segment of history, where in an inseparable way are entwined elements of the pagan tradition with the novelties brought by Christianity. Significant examples from the city of Shkodra, Lezha, Dolcea, and Ulpiana illustrate in considerable detail this process of historical transformation. Equally, cult buildings and church organisation in general are seen from a wider perspective than the religious one of "cura animarum". The church often takes the form of a rich microcosm of multiple implications. Beyond its religious aspect, its role in the urban network of a city, in the repopulation of the village, in the organisation of social life within a community, in land
inheritance, in resolving numerous economic and social issues cannot be denied. The buildings of the Christian cult could often bear the value of a museum or archive, bringing in some cases historical testimonies of unique value. • Funerary topography expands on a previous study of the province of Praevalis by the author. It represents an important element in understanding urban space in its entirety. Although this topography has not been investigated sufficiently by local archaeology, it has been possible to extract some valuable data on "funerary urbanism" and early Christianity. Many examples of this time of transformation attest to the substantial changes that accompany the gradual vanishing of the ancient opposition between the spaces of the polis and those of the necropolis. In current literature, this process is conceived as a phenomenon of the late antique period, and is linked in a natural way to the influence of Christianism. The general contours of this process are obvious; however, we must further persist in order to distinguish all of the regional differences or specificities. This can be achieved only through the help of new archaeological excavations of advanced contemporary parameters, and means of assembling the information. Naturally, this kind of quality update in scientific archaeological research is accompanied by financial costs. • Research in the field of iconographie schemes and architectural constituents has achieved evident results in recent years. The good tradition in this field of study is being ever more transmitted also through works on the
provinces of Praevalis and Dardania. A comparative analysis is being made possible between the iconographie figures on architectural elements and archaeological objects - 249 -
of varies kinds. This comparison is even more fruitful when deeper and more detailed use of the historical sources is made. On the province of Praevalis, mention must be made of the advancement achieved by the new study of iconography by the young German author Stefani Nagel on "The Cup of Pudgorica", which is an object that has been discussed at the highest level of international scholarship. Her interpretation is not undermined at all by my differing opinion with regards to the function of this cup. Furthermore, new opinions on its interpretation, iconographie composition and date continue to be expressed to this day, as shown by a careful study by Father Flavio Cavallini OFM, which is integrated in this publication. On the province of Dardania mention must be made of a detailed iconographie study of the "Lamp of Peca" by François Barrate and Luan Përzhita. Open communication with colleagues and the great opportunities to exploit online literature are now evident advantages. However, it must be noted that the absence of a specific field of study on the history of ancient and medieval art in Albania has represented a problem in the past and continues to do so still. The gathering and presentation of early Christian material culture has made us observe its gradual distribution in the territory of the two provinces, Praevalis and Dardania. This process of penetration developed through cultural and commercial exchange and through travel by by soldiers or pilgrims, who brought with them relics of Christian saints, as well as other objects of a similar nature. The examples
conveyed through these objects are a clear expression of new material culture, which bears the seal of the new religion. This picture is enriched by the acts of the martyrs, Flori and Lauri from Ulpiana, by the material testimonies of the eastern saints Sergius and Bacchus at Shirgj, and from the worship of Saint Trifon at Kotor, among others. The appearance of Christian topography, obviously influenced by the names of local saints and places by loca scanta, signals a new cultural element, which is nuanced significantly by Christianity. This overview of studies on early Christianity in the provinces of Praevalis and Dardania aims to serve to colleagues who pursue this field of research. Many of the chapters present ideas and discussions that can serve as subject of further scientific research. This would be enabled especially through the use of new methods of investigation and study applied to the field of late antique archaeology. As a first assemblage of this nature for this territory, the book will also be of interest to students and lecturers of late antique archaeology. It offers summarised scientific information, bibliography, and a rich illustrating documentation, that so far have been scattered in published literature. Suffice to note that in the 108 mounted figures, that accompany the text, there are over 365 photographs, 160 drawings, 80 plans and 10 maps. • Lastly, it can be said that this overview of studies bears the seal of more than two decades of experience in the field and library, in Albania and abroad. During this lengthy period, the exchange of opinions
with colleagues - 250 -
has never lacked. The shady was presented for discussion in the Department of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, where my colleagues offered valuable observations and suggestions. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to them. My colleague from Kosovo, Shah Gashi deserves heartfelt thanks for collaborating with me in the excavation of the church at Korisha (2004 and 2007), and in the reconnaissance of the territory of Kosovo. Also, former student and PhD of the University of Tirana, current colleague from Ulqin, Anton Lulgjuraj, has accompanied me during the two-month fieldwork period in the territory of Montenegro in 2009, and in many later excavations and trips. Without the information of these investigations, this overview of studies would be rather incomplete. Special gratitude and thanks are owed to the Albanian Franciscan Custodian, "Zonja Nunciatë" seated at Shkodra, for the long collaboration in publishing and for funding the publication of this book. In view of the rhythm at which research advances, especially in this new digital era, anyone of us senses ever more the highly relative and temporary value of the research we do. Nevertheless, the moment of making public the achieved result is essential. Therefore, I am closing with the meaningful essence condensed in two Latin phrases: "hoc est in votis" and "habent sua fata libelli". - 251 -
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| geographic | Dardania (DE-588)4837839-2 gnd Praevalitana (DE-588)4838733-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Dardania Praevalitana |
| id | DE-604.BV047624174 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:43:45Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:17:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789928331205 |
| language | Albanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033008735 |
| oclc_num | 1285915155 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 320 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne 30 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20211221 gbd_4_2203 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Akademia e Studimeve Albanologjike, Instituti i Arkeologjisë Tiranë ; Biblioteka Françeskane "Át Gjergj Fishta" |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Hoxha, Gëzim ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)112478375X aut Krishtërimi i hershëm në provincat Praevalis dhe Dardania (studime arkeologjike) = Early Christianity in the provinces Praevalis and Dardania : (archaeological studies) Gëzim Hoxha Early Christianity in the provinces Praevalis and Dardania Tiranë Akademia e Studimeve Albanologjike, Instituti i Arkeologjisë Tiranë ; Biblioteka Françeskane "Át Gjergj Fishta" 2021 320 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne 30 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Frühchristentum (DE-588)4129954-1 gnd rswk-swf Dardania (DE-588)4837839-2 gnd rswk-swf Praevalitana (DE-588)4838733-2 gnd rswk-swf Christliche Archäologie (DE-2581)TH000005826 gbd Christentum (DE-2581)TH000005769 gbd Moesien als Provinz [Barrington p. 22] (DE-2581)TH000004671 gbd Dalmatien als Provinz [Barrington p. 20] (DE-2581)TH000004364 gbd Praevalitana (DE-588)4838733-2 g Dardania (DE-588)4837839-2 g Frühchristentum (DE-588)4129954-1 s Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033008735&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033008735&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033008735&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hoxha, Gëzim ca. 20./21. Jh Krishtërimi i hershëm në provincat Praevalis dhe Dardania (studime arkeologjike) = Early Christianity in the provinces Praevalis and Dardania : (archaeological studies) Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Frühchristentum (DE-588)4129954-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4129954-1 (DE-588)4837839-2 (DE-588)4838733-2 |
| title | Krishtërimi i hershëm në provincat Praevalis dhe Dardania (studime arkeologjike) = Early Christianity in the provinces Praevalis and Dardania : (archaeological studies) |
| title_alt | Early Christianity in the provinces Praevalis and Dardania |
| title_auth | Krishtërimi i hershëm në provincat Praevalis dhe Dardania (studime arkeologjike) = Early Christianity in the provinces Praevalis and Dardania : (archaeological studies) |
| title_exact_search | Krishtërimi i hershëm në provincat Praevalis dhe Dardania (studime arkeologjike) = Early Christianity in the provinces Praevalis and Dardania : (archaeological studies) |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Krishtërimi i hershëm në provincat Praevalis dhe Dardania (studime arkeologjike) = Early Christianity in the provinces Praevalis and Dardania : (archaeological studies) |
| title_full | Krishtërimi i hershëm në provincat Praevalis dhe Dardania (studime arkeologjike) = Early Christianity in the provinces Praevalis and Dardania : (archaeological studies) Gëzim Hoxha |
| title_fullStr | Krishtërimi i hershëm në provincat Praevalis dhe Dardania (studime arkeologjike) = Early Christianity in the provinces Praevalis and Dardania : (archaeological studies) Gëzim Hoxha |
| title_full_unstemmed | Krishtërimi i hershëm në provincat Praevalis dhe Dardania (studime arkeologjike) = Early Christianity in the provinces Praevalis and Dardania : (archaeological studies) Gëzim Hoxha |
| title_short | Krishtërimi i hershëm në provincat Praevalis dhe Dardania |
| title_sort | krishterimi i hershem ne provincat praevalis dhe dardania studime arkeologjike early christianity in the provinces praevalis and dardania archaeological studies |
| title_sub | (studime arkeologjike) = Early Christianity in the provinces Praevalis and Dardania : (archaeological studies) |
| topic | Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd Frühchristentum (DE-588)4129954-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Funde Ausgrabung Frühchristentum Dardania Praevalitana |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033008735&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033008735&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033008735&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hoxhagezim krishterimiihershemneprovincatpraevalisdhedardaniastudimearkeologjikeearlychristianityintheprovincespraevalisanddardaniaarchaeologicalstudies AT hoxhagezim earlychristianityintheprovincespraevalisanddardania |