The Russian dilemma: security, vigilance and relations with the West from Ivan III to Putin
"From the end of the Mongol Empire to today, Russian history is a tale of cultural, political, economic and military interaction with Western powers. The depth of this relationship has created a geopolitical dilemma: Russia has persistently been both attracted to and at odds with Western ideas...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Jefferson, North Carolina
McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers
[2021]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "From the end of the Mongol Empire to today, Russian history is a tale of cultural, political, economic and military interaction with Western powers. The depth of this relationship has created a geopolitical dilemma: Russia has persistently been both attracted to and at odds with Western ideas and technological development, which have tended to threaten Russia's sense of identity and create destabilizing divisions within society. Simultaneously, deepening involvement in Western international affairs brought meddling in Russian domestic politics and military invasion. This book examines how the centuries-old Western threat has shaped Russia's political and strategic structures, creating a culture of security rooted in vigilance against Western influence and interference" |
| Beschreibung: | vii, 462 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781476681870 |
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| adam_text | Table of Contents 1 Preface Introduction. Aspiring to Foes: Russia’s “Constitutive Other” and Security-Vigilance Norm 3 Cycle 1:1505-1620S Chapter 1. From Religious to Political Others: Muscovite Russia’s First Western Encounters 27 Chapter 2. The Smuta and the Birth of Russia’s Security Norm 57 Cycle II: 1630-1825 Chapter 3. From Smuta to Early Enlightenment and Schism 89 Chapter 4. Peter the Great and the Great Dislocation 114 Chapter 5. Europeanization and Dislocation in the 18th Century 132 Chapter 6. Russia’s Security Dilemma Manifest 168 Cycle III: 1826-1922 Chapter 7. Cursed Solutions: Reactionary Reconstitution and Reformist Displacement 207 Chapter 8. Devils: West and East 243 Chapter 9. The Whirlwind: Russian February-German October 277 Cycle IV: 1922-2008 Chapter 10. The Devils in Power: The Rise and Fall of Soviet Vigilantism 299 Chapter 11. From “Common European Home” to the Eurasian Alternative 336 Conclusion. The Russian Dilemma and Security Norm 370 Chapter Notes 379 Bibliography 441 Index 459 vii
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Index Alexander I 168-202; autocratic constitutionalism of 174-177,180-183,189-192; Decembrists and 194-198; displacement and 170,174-177; dislocation and 170; failure of Alexander I’s constitutional project 191194; Napoleon and 177-191 Alexander II 226-242; assassination of 263265; autocratic constitutionalism of 238-242; displacement and 242; genesis of Great Reforms 226-227; Great Reforms of 227-238; limits of Great Reforms 236-238 Alexei, Tsarevich 129-131,135,153-155,159,171-174, 217,227,240,310,396,434, 447; “collusion” with West and 127-131; Peter the Great and 87,114-117, 119-121,123-125,127-129,131-132,136,139,150,157, 358,434; trial of 48, 69,159-160,185, 203,218,263, 301-307,310,333,422,423,445, 446 Anna loanova (Anna I), Empress 135-137,141,153-161; conditions and 14, 62, 69,76, 95, 99,123,155,156, 158,159,160,179,188,190,208,209, 237, 247, 260, 317, 331, 371,392,411,421, 422; French meddling and coup plot against 137-140; succession of 36,57, 58, 67, 72,85, 111, 116,131,133,134,135,136,137,138,139, 140,141,147,154,156,177,194,199, 201, 202, 203,209, 270, 284, 338, 342,406; Swedish meddling and coup plot against 137 appanage Russia 85 authoritarianism 4,6,20, 22,25, 28, 61,158, 202,251, 277,299-300,323,334-5, 343, 346, 349 354, 356357, 367,369-374; 426,434 Avvakum (Petrov), leader of Old Believers 103,105, 109-113, 392,395; Patriarch Nikon and 113 Azef, Evno 270-271, 276, 418, 420 Bakunin, Mikhail 248-249,252,257-259, 274,415 Belinskii, Vissarion 199,213,217, 229, 245,248-249, 357, 435 Billington, James H. 6,11,17, 35,40,47,50, 61, 83,98, 102,109,161,194,226,279
Bolsheviks (Bolshevik Party) 22, 203,205,243, 248, 261,265,268,272,274,275, 278,279,282, 284,285, 286, 287,288, 289,290, 291,292,293, 294, 295,299, 301,302,305, 312, 313,333, 354, 360,361,362, 363, 381,418, 421,422,437; German support of 287-295 Brezhnev, General Secretary Leonid 297, 310-316, 324, 431; end of Khrushchevan thaw and 310-312; external vigilance and 316; internal vigilance and 310-312 Byzantine Empire 5,29, 30,39,102,103,105,215 Byzantium (Byzantine Empire) 4,12,16, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35,47, 50, 382, 383 147,149,150,151,152,167,170,171,172, 229; British subsidies for palace coup against Peter III 140; French philosophs and 13,171; husband and 141; liberalism 6,18,56, 60,145,167,177,195. 205,210, 212, 231,232, 238, 241, 264, 265,299. 309, 310,318, 322, 328, 336, 355,373, 374, 377; Nakazy and 162,163, 164,169,171,197, 400,44; Radishchev and 146,149, 166; serfdom and 150,160,165,171, 209, 226; Chaadaev, Pyotr 213-214,216, 264 Chernov, Viktor 268-269,417; Combat Organization terrorism and 269-270; European influences 268269; European support 270; German government funding of 291 Chernyshevskii, Nikolai 245, 248, 252-256, 259, 264, 268,269,273,276, 287,413,414 Chetardy, Joachim Jacques Trotti Marquis de la (French diplomatic agent) 137-140 color revolutions 336, 342, 344, 346, 347, 354; Georgia 103, 219, 275, 297, 308, 320, 321, 336, 341, 344,345, 347, 353, 354,370, 374, 375, 376, 393; Serbia 344 109, 219,264,283,284,297, 338, 340,341, 344,345, 353, 376, 419, 428,430,455; Ukraine 28, 56, 92, 94, 96, 100,165,288,301,321, 340, 342, 344, 345, 347, 353, 359,
368,370,374,382, 391, 416,420,427, 429,430, 432, 434,445 Constantinople 4,10,12, 28, 29, 30,31, 32,43, 62, 63, 104,105,125,149,221, 222, 223, 289, 292,379,382, 392; fall of 10,12 constitutionalism 54,153-158, 235, 238-242, 262, 279280,363; Alexander I and 174-177,180-183,189-192; Alexander II and 238-242; Alexander III opposition to 265-266; Anna I opposition to 157-160; aristocratic 155-157,196-198,253-258; autocratic 54, 174-177,180-183,189-192-194,235, 238-242,362, 363; Decembrists and 196-198; failure of Alexander I’s constitutional project 191-194; Golitsyn and 196197; Muravev and 197-198; Nicholas II and 54, 235, 279-280,362,363; Pestel and 196-197; Tatishchev and 197-198 constituitive (significant) Other 7,11,16-17,94, 227, 318,376,434 constructivist theory 8-10 Crimean War 217-227, 231, 242,283 cultural/identity transformation 11-15 cultural strains, dominant and recessive 6,13-16,1921,23,49,147,297, 299, 336-337,371 cycles see relational cycles in Russian-Western relations Decembrists 169,194,195,196,199,200,201,202, 203,205, 207,208,209,210, 211, 213,217,218,260, 262,273, 359, 360,405,406,407, 416, 436, 437,45; Alexander I and 180,182,192,197,217,228, 243, 374; Catherine I, Empress 135,136,141,147,154 Catherine II, Empress 134,135,137,140,141,146, 459
460 Index Dobrolyubov 245,248,252, 253,254, 268, 276, 414, 441,455; Europe and 5, 40, 99,131.146,166,168.169, 178,183,186,194,195,216,219. 230, 241,244, 251, 256, 258,266,268, 277, 307, 315,327, 329, 331, 344, 355, 368,372, 375, 377, 380, 381, 392,405,415, 416,426, 432; executions of 147; exiles of 203, 311; France and 13,127,129,180,186,190, 226, 233, 239,262, 269,284, 295,405; Muravev 195,196,197,198,202, 203,405, 406,407,436; Napoleonic wars and 184; Nicholas 1183,194,203, 207,209, 210,211, 216,217,218, 220, 221,223,225, 227,228,229,279, 408, 437; Pestel 196, 197,200,405; Pushkin and 199, 435, 448; revolution from above 21,23,114,120,169,194, 202, 203, 207, 260,297, 321, 323,332, 336, 337, 359,407, 423, 424, 425,426, 445, 449; Ryleev and 194,196, 203,405, 407,447; symbol of collusion in post-Soviet Russia 359-360 discourse theory 10-12 dislocation 10-13,19, 23, 34,40, 90,112,114-5,117,119, 120-1,123,125,127,129,131-3,135,137,139,141,143, 145,147,149,151,153,155,157,159,161,163,165-7, 170,214, 244, 253,260-1,268, 282-3, 333, 336,348; Alexander I and 170; 18th century and 143-146; European socialism and 260-262; Old Believers’ opposition to 112-113; Peter the Great and 114-131; Slavophile discourse and 214-216 displacement 11-12,19-21,23,59, 89-90, 97,102, ИЗ16, 170,174,207, 242, 244-247,261,268,278,295, 335-6,335, 348, 369, 372 Dostoevskii, Fyodor (Fedor) 233,243,245-246,259, 266-268,340, 412,417 Dugin, Alexander 432, 444 Eastern Orthodoxy 10,11,12,28,29,30, 31, 62,63, 94, 102,103, 372,382 Elizabeth I, Empress 133,135,141,154,160; British support of coup against Anna
1137-140 Eurasianism 336-337, 349, 350, 351,431,432,444 February 1917 Revolution 282-290 Georgia see color revolutions Gershuni, Grigoril 269-271,276,417-418 Golitsyn, Dmitrii 155-160 Golitsyn, Prince Vasilii V. 101 Gorbachev, Mikhail 297, 302,318-335, 339, 341, 348349, 353, 358,360, 371, 373-374,424-425,426-427; decline of vigilance norm against internal dissent and collusion 322-326; decline of vigilance norm regarding external threat 326-335; perestroika’s political reforms and 319-322; Westernization and 318, 321, 337 Gots, Mikhail 269-270,276,303,417 Greek Orthodoxy see Eastern Orthodoxy Gumilev, Lev 432,445 Herzen, Alexander 151,199,213,214,215,216,248, 249, 254,255,256, 257,258,259,264,273,276,310,407, 408,413,414,421,450,453 honor norm in Russian culture 8-10,17,108, 329,338339, 342-346, 369,376 intervention. Western 6,7,11,18,19,20,23,27,30, 31, 32,36,51,57,58, 60,64,65,66, 67,69,72, 80,83,85, 86, 90,137,140,177,187,205,222,256,293, 294,295, 301, 302,303, 304, 308,312,333,334,336, 341,345, 347,352,353, 354, 365,366, 371,374,375,381,387, 424,445; Poles during Time of Troubles and 62-74; Russian Civil War and 293-294, 312-313 invasion from the West 6-7,11-13,19-27, 31, 34, 37, 57-62, 66, 72-5, 81-5, 87-93,96,114,131-4,139,1689,177,183-5,196-8,222,251,284,297, 301, 306, 31116, 343, 347, 352, 363-7,370-77, 381-2, 387-8, 396, 402,414,417,438-9; Napoleon’s Grand Army and 6, 13,21, 82,87,134,147,167-211,218-28, 262, 360-7, 374-5,402-6,416-17, 436-8,444-51,456; Nazi Germany 83, 306, 314, 315, 317,333,361, 375; Poles and 5-6,21,25, 37, 50-7, 6-4, 66-86, 81-82,89-94, 97;
Swedes and 16, 72, 78-83,93-4,123,126-30,13740,357,365, 375,395; World War I 374-81 Ivan the Great 32, 36,39,41,42,44,45,48,49 52, 383 Ivan (Grozny) the Terrible 28,47,49,50, 51, 53, 55, 57, 58,385 Judaizers 35-41 Karp 32,33,35,52,383 Katzentein, Peter J. 8 Kenney, James J. 172-3 Khrizhanich, Yurii 100-101 Khrushchev, CPSU First Secretary Nikita 297, 300, 309-310, 315-316, 322, 334, 374,424 Kievan Rus’ 4,10, 25, 29, 30, 85,102,382; fall of 3, 10, 30,50, 58,85,145,167, 284,292,299, 318, 327, 331, 379,381,424-426; internal strife, internecine conflict in 58 Kilbachich, Nicholas 264-265; European influences and 264 Krasin, Leonid 275 Kuhlmann, Quirinus 101-102 Kurbskii, Prince Andrei 28, 50-56,217, 385-386; defection to the Poles 52; letters to Ivan the Terrible 53-55; Maxim the Greek and 52-53; symbol of collusion and treason and 385-386 Lavrov, Pyotr 248, 256-257, 260,262,268-269, 276, 415,417, 441 Lenin (Ulyanov), Vladimir 262,272-275,286-293, 333; authoritarianism of 274-275, 302-303, 360-361, 418; collusion with Germans in World War I and 287-293; European phase of274; European socialist influences 272-274,286,412; internationalism of 273; October 1917 coup and 291-293; state terror and 302-303, 418; symbol of collusion and treason in post-Soviet Russia and 360-363; terrorism and 275; youth of 272-273 Likhachev, Dmitrii S. 17 Lotman, Yurii 10-12 Malia, Martin 5-6 Matveev, Artomon 99-100 Maxim the Greek (Maximus the Greek, Maksim Grek) 45-52, 63,76,122,124,152, 384,450; Girolamo Savonarola and Western influence on 46-47 Mazepa, Hetman 127-128; collusion and 22, 34, 209,
294,305, 306, 326; Poles and 128; Swedes and 128; symbol of collusion and treason and 128, 357-360, 434-435 meddling in Russian politics, Western 3, 4, 22, 25, 83,133,134,137,141,169,172,209, 217, 251, 295, 310,331-2, 336, 346, 354, 376-7,421,426; British subsidies for Catherine Il’s coup against Peter III 140; French meddling and coup plot against Anna I 137-140; French support for Elizabeth I’s succession of Anna 1137-140; German financial and other support for Lenin and the Bolsheviks 287-295,421;
Index German government funding of SR Chernov 291; support for Alexander I’s coup against Paul 1169-74; Swedish meddling and coup plot against Anna I 137; Western involvement with Yeltsin government 354-355,426; Western support for Imperial Russia’s revolutionaries 263-264,270-271,279,286,416-417; Western support for opposition to Putin 355-356; Western support for Soviet dissidents 309-310, 312 Mikhail Romanov, Tsar 84 Mikhailovskii, Nikolai 172, 248, 255, 256, 263,268, 417 Mironenko, Sergei 182,191,193,203,403-406 Morozov, Vyacheslav 10-11,14-17,109,125, 372 Muravev, Nikita 195-198,202-203,405-407, 436; Decembrists and 22,169,194-196,199-203, 205, 207-211, 213,217-218,260,262, 273, 359-360, 407; draft constitution 197-198 Muscovy (Muscovite Rus’) 5,10,21,25, 27, 32,34, 35, 36, 38,39,43,50, 60,62, 67,83,118,123,151, 382-383 Napoleon Bonaparte 13,167,177-191,224 Nashokin, Afanasii Lavrentovich (Ordin-Nashokin) 97-98 NATO expansion 3-4, 329, 331, 340-341, 351; broken promise not to expand and revival of vigilance norm 3-4, 338-342, 344-345, 365-366, 426-430; popular and elite vigilance norm reactivation 346-356; Russia’s geostrategic reaction to 346 Nechaev, Sergei 243, 248,258-261, 273, 276, 415, 442 neo-Eurasianism 336,349-351,431-432 neo-Petrine autocracy 158-166 Nicholas I, Tsar 207-226; Crimean War and 217-227, 231, 242,283; Official Nationality and 207, 210, 212217; ontological security and 210; personality of 209; Pushkin and 211,217, 218; reconstitution and 208212; support for Slavophiles and 217; vigilance norm and 210-212,219-220 Nicholas II, Tsar 277-282;
constitutionalism and 279-281; Fundamental Law and 278-280; 1905 revolution and 278-279; October Manifesto and 278; revolutionary terrorism wave 282; Stolypin and 280-282 Nikon (Patriarch) 90,103,104,105,106,107,108,109, 110, 111, 112,113, 392, 393,394. 396 non-possessors (nestazhateli) 42-49; demise of 48-49; Maxim the Greek and 45-47; Sorskii and 42-45; Vasilii Patrikeev and 42,44-48 Novogorod 53, 55,122; fall of 3,10, 30, 50,58,85,145, 167,284, 292, 295, 299, 318, 327, 331, 379, 381, 382, 424-6,444; Hanseatic League and 31, 32, 33,37; Ivan III (the Great) and 33; Ivan the Terrible and 49; Moscow and 25,28, 31, 35, 37,42,45, 50,68,70,72, 74,76,77,78, 80, 92,93,94, 98,100,118,125,126,142, 155,170,183, 215, 229, 293, 297,340,381, 382, 388, 391, 445; veche of 32, 33, 41, 437 October 1917 Bolshevik coup 290-295; causes of 286; European sources and 290-295; Germans and Alexander Parvus and 287-293; Lenin’s central role and 285, 287-293 Official Nationality 13, 207, 210, 212,214-217 Old Believers (raskolnik^ 90,102-13,123,107,108,109, 110, 111, 112,113,123,432, 447 ontological security 9-10,25,32,49, 84, 89,168, 210, 266, 276, 307, 331, 339-40,360 370, 373, 376, 380 Parvus, Alexander (Israel Helphand) 287-291, 362, 420-421,437, 449,451,453 Patriarch Nikon 104,106, 396; raskolnik։ (see Old 461 Believers) 90,102,103,107,108,109,110, 111, 112,113, 123; Reforms and 100,109,120,129,155,183,203, 231, 232, 234, 241, 244,247,253,272, 339,419,430 Patrikeev, Prince Vasilii and 42,44-48 Paul I 134,137,141,150,153,168,169,170,171,173,174, 175,178, 360,401, 402,404, 448, 450; Alexander I’s
coup against and 137,138,140,259, 321; Catherine II and 141; traditionalism of 21, 23, 215, 227,280,345, 349, 369, 375 Perovskaya, Sophia 255,263,276, 414, 416,453 Pestel, Pavel 196,197, 200, 201, 202, 203, 405, 406, 407, 447; Russkaya Pravda and 197, 202 Peter the Great, Tsar/Emperor 70,114-131, 358-9; Great Dislocation and 114-131 phases see relational phases in Russian-Western relations Pisarev, Dmitrii 248, 250, 251, 262, 263, 264, 268,269, 273,413 Plekhanov, Georgi 248,253,261-264,269, 272-274, 285, 287, 325,414,416, 418, 420,437 political culture, definition of 379 Possessors (stazhateli, Josephites) 38-42; 45,48-49; Joseph Volokolamskii 38-41, 45, 48-49 Pskov 21, 27-28, 31-38, 49, 52, 56,79,95-99,122,263, 381-382, 385-386, 392, 437; fall of 3,10, 30, 50, 58, 85,145,167,284, 292,299, 318, 327, 331, 379-382, 424-426; Hanseatic League and 31-32; Ivan III (the Great) and 33, 37,39; Ivan the Terrible and 49; Moscow and 25, 28, 31, 35, 37, 42,45; Novgorod and 27, 31-38, 40,75, 83, 95-96, 381-382; veche and 32-33,41,50, 72,197,230,381, 406, 420, 421-422, 437,438 Pugachev’s rebellion 147-149 Pushkin, Alexander 193,199,213, 217,268, 310, 357, 406, 408, 412, 435, 437; Chaadaev and 213; conservative turn 217; Decembrists and 194,195,199, 209,262,416, 435, 448; image of Mazepa 127,128, 131, 357, 358, 359,396,434, 435, 446, 449; Nicholas I and 211,217,218; Putin, Vladimir 3, 21,284, 337, 338, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348,350, 351,353, 355, 356, 358, 359, 361, 362, 363,364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369,429, 430,431, 432,434,436,437,443,448,455,457; authoritarianism and
6,22,158,202,251,335,343, 354, 357, 367, 370,371, 375; National Unity Day and 365-366,438; reactivation of security culture and vigilance norm 346-369; soft authoritarian retrenchment and 3, 343, 346, 349,356-357, 369370,375 Radishchev, Alexander 146-147,149-151,166 Raskol (Great Schism) 4, 30, 37,41, 90, 96,102,107, 110,112,113,393; Old Believers and 124,135, 394 raskolnik։ see Old Believers reactivation of cultural elements 14-15; of vigilance norm in the 21st century 346-369; of vigilance norm under communism 300-318 reconstitution 13,207-8, 210-212, 247, 279, 300-318; Alexander III and 279; Brezhnev and 310-312; Lenin and 300-303; Nicholas I and 208-216, 242; Old Believers and 102-103,108; Putin and 342-343, 345346, 348, 369; Stalin and 303-312 relational cycles in Russian-Western relations 9,18, 21-5,38, 86-7,114,168,203, 205, 258, 261, 306, 356, 366, 370, 297,376, 381, 396 relational phases in Russian-Western relations 22-3, 25, 87,151,205, 369 revolution from above 202,337-342,406-407;
462 Index Decembrist failed attempt and 202; definition of202, 406-407; Soviet/Russian case of 337-342 Russian dilemma 10,19, 87,131,168-169,172,177,182, 195, 207-209,226,228, 242,295, 299,370-377, 406 Russian Orthodox Christianity (Russian Orthodox Church) 20, 27,29, 32, 62,74,102, 358 sacralization of security culture and vigilance norm 356,363,368; National Unity Day and 365-366; Victory Day 368-369 Savinkov, Boris 270-271,422,437 Savonarola, Florentine Prior Girolamo 46-47 schismatics see Old Believers security culture 7-9,18-23,294, 300-309,352, 369, 373-374; Alexander I and 182; birth of 57-58; Catherine the Great and 148,166; Cossack rebellions and 147; Crimean War and 225-226; decline during second phase of cycles 23; displacement and 19; early development of 27-28; emigres and 216-217; Muscovite Rus’ and 49; NATO expansion and reactivation of 338-342; Nicholas 1207-208; ontological security 373; Peter the Great and 130-131; post-Soviet opposition to 436; postSoviet reactivation of 336-337,346-356, 376,430; reactivation of 19, 300-318,333, 346-369; Russian dilemma and 370-377; siloviki as guardians of 338; Soviet era and 297,299-300, 308-310, 312-318,334335; Stalin and 313-314; survival during perestroika 322-325; symbols and 363-369; Time of Troubles and 25,57-58, 84-85; weakening during perestroika and 320-333 security vigilance symbols (internal) 20, 84, 356-363; Decembrists 359-360; Kurbskii and 385-386; Lenin as 360-363; Mazepa 357-359 security vigilance symbols and sacralization (external) 363-369; Napoleon 366-368; Time of Troubles (Smuta) and 363-366;
Victory Day 368-369 sedimentation of cultural elements 14-15,20, 28,30, 82,169,337, 340,349, 356, 358,363-366, 370-371, 380 Serbia see color revolutions significant “Other” see constituitive Other” Slavophilism 12-13,113,115,125,135,152,181,208,210, 213-217,226,228, 238, 248-250,253, 255,266-268, 284, 339-340, 349-350, 357,379,408-409, 417 Smuta see Time of Troubles Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRP, Socialist Revolutionaries, SRs) 268-272,286,289,310,422, 445,446; American financial and political support for 270; Azef270-271,276,418,420; Chernov and 269270,291,417; Combat Organization terrorism and 244,260,261,269-270,277; Europe and 420; German government financial support for 291; Gershuni and 269-271,276,417-418; Gots and 269-270,276, 303,417; Perovskaya and 255,263,276,414,416,453; Savinkov 270-271,422,437; Tikhomirov and 257, 262-263, 268,416; Zhelyabov and 263,276,416 Sorskii, Nil 42-45 Soviet Union (USSR) 279, 299,304, 305,306, 307, 308,310,311,312, 314, 315,316,317,318,319,320, 321, 323,325,326,327,328, 329, 330,331,332, 333,334, 338,344,355, 358,426,427, 431,433,435,436,438; Great Terror 301-306, 308-9,315,333, 361, 422-3, 436-7,444; mono-organization 285, 301, 420,452; totalitarianism 7, 285, 302,361; vigilantism and 299-318,333 Soviet vigilantism 299-300,304, 309,333 Speranskii, Alexander 177,180-182,192-193, 202, 210,217-218, 403,407; Alexander ľs constitutional project and 181-183; European influences on 180-181 Stalin, General Secretary Iosif 20,223,297,299-311, 313-314,316, 323-326, 333-335, 360-361,368, 373, 436-437; Bolshevik terrorism and 275; domestic
security vigilance 303-306; Great Terror and 20, 305-306,436-437; vigilantism 299-300, 304,309, 333 Stalinism 308,310, 322, 420, 423,439,444,449, 452 stazhateli see “Possessors” Stolypin, Pyotr 281-282 strategic culture, definition of 380 strigolniki 25,28, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38,41,42,44,382, 383 Third Rome 379 Tikhomirov, Lev 257, 262-263, 268,416 Time of Troubles (Smuta) 13,22,59-83,86,93,365, 386, 387-391,444; security culture and vigilance norm and 83-86, 363-366,386-391 Tkachev, Pyotr 248, 259-262,273,276, 415 Tsygankov, Andrei 8,17 Tsymburskii, Vadim 21, 22,125, 381,396,449 Tulchinskii, Grigoril 17-18 Ukraine see color revolutions USSR see Soviet Union Vasilii the Quiet (Vasili Tikhii) 90-102; Westernizing displacement and 97-102 vigilance norm/value 1-3, 7-8,16-21,23, 27-8,49, 58, 84, 87,89,96,115,130-1, 207-8,286,294,297, 299318,322,325, 328-9, 333-4,336-7,339, 342, 335-7, 346-9, 352-5,359-60, 363, 368-70,374 Whitworth, Charles (British Ambassador to Russia) 172-4 Yeltsin, Boris 337-342,426, 429,435; constitutionalism and 337; external security vigilance and Yugoslav wars 428; opposition to NATO expansion 338-342,428; revolution from above 337-338; Western influences 337,429; Western meddling 338,426 Zhelyabov, Andrei 263,276,416 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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Table of Contents 1 Preface Introduction. Aspiring to Foes: Russia’s “Constitutive Other” and Security-Vigilance Norm 3 Cycle 1:1505-1620S Chapter 1. From Religious to Political Others: Muscovite Russia’s First Western Encounters 27 Chapter 2. The Smuta and the Birth of Russia’s Security Norm 57 Cycle II: 1630-1825 Chapter 3. From Smuta to Early Enlightenment and Schism 89 Chapter 4. Peter the Great and the Great Dislocation 114 Chapter 5. Europeanization and Dislocation in the 18th Century 132 Chapter 6. Russia’s Security Dilemma Manifest 168 Cycle III: 1826-1922 Chapter 7. Cursed Solutions: Reactionary Reconstitution and Reformist Displacement 207 Chapter 8. Devils: West and East 243 Chapter 9. The Whirlwind: Russian February-German October 277 Cycle IV: 1922-2008 Chapter 10. The Devils in Power: The Rise and Fall of Soviet Vigilantism 299 Chapter 11. From “Common European Home” to the Eurasian Alternative 336 Conclusion. The Russian Dilemma and Security Norm 370 Chapter Notes 379 Bibliography 441 Index 459 vii
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Index Alexander I 168-202; autocratic constitutionalism of 174-177,180-183,189-192; Decembrists and 194-198; displacement and 170,174-177; dislocation and 170; failure of Alexander I’s constitutional project 191194; Napoleon and 177-191 Alexander II 226-242; assassination of 263265; autocratic constitutionalism of 238-242; displacement and 242; genesis of Great Reforms 226-227; Great Reforms of 227-238; limits of Great Reforms 236-238 Alexei, Tsarevich 129-131,135,153-155,159,171-174, 217,227,240,310,396,434, 447; “collusion” with West and 127-131; Peter the Great and 87,114-117, 119-121,123-125,127-129,131-132,136,139,150,157, 358,434; trial of 48, 69,159-160,185, 203,218,263, 301-307,310,333,422,423,445, 446 Anna loanova (Anna I), Empress 135-137,141,153-161; conditions and 14, 62, 69,76, 95, 99,123,155,156, 158,159,160,179,188,190,208,209, 237, 247, 260, 317, 331, 371,392,411,421, 422; French meddling and coup plot against 137-140; succession of 36,57, 58, 67, 72,85, 111, 116,131,133,134,135,136,137,138,139, 140,141,147,154,156,177,194,199, 201, 202, 203,209, 270, 284, 338, 342,406; Swedish meddling and coup plot against 137 appanage Russia 85 authoritarianism 4,6,20, 22,25, 28, 61,158, 202,251, 277,299-300,323,334-5, 343, 346, 349 354, 356357, 367,369-374; 426,434 Avvakum (Petrov), leader of Old Believers 103,105, 109-113, 392,395; Patriarch Nikon and 113 Azef, Evno 270-271, 276, 418, 420 Bakunin, Mikhail 248-249,252,257-259, 274,415 Belinskii, Vissarion 199,213,217, 229, 245,248-249, 357, 435 Billington, James H. 6,11,17, 35,40,47,50, 61, 83,98, 102,109,161,194,226,279
Bolsheviks (Bolshevik Party) 22, 203,205,243, 248, 261,265,268,272,274,275, 278,279,282, 284,285, 286, 287,288, 289,290, 291,292,293, 294, 295,299, 301,302,305, 312, 313,333, 354, 360,361,362, 363, 381,418, 421,422,437; German support of 287-295 Brezhnev, General Secretary Leonid 297, 310-316, 324, 431; end of Khrushchevan thaw and 310-312; external vigilance and 316; internal vigilance and 310-312 Byzantine Empire 5,29, 30,39,102,103,105,215 Byzantium (Byzantine Empire) 4,12,16, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35,47, 50, 382, 383 147,149,150,151,152,167,170,171,172, 229; British subsidies for palace coup against Peter III 140; French philosophs and 13,171; husband and 141; liberalism 6,18,56, 60,145,167,177,195. 205,210, 212, 231,232, 238, 241, 264, 265,299. 309, 310,318, 322, 328, 336, 355,373, 374, 377; Nakazy and 162,163, 164,169,171,197, 400,44; Radishchev and 146,149, 166; serfdom and 150,160,165,171, 209, 226; Chaadaev, Pyotr 213-214,216, 264 Chernov, Viktor 268-269,417; Combat Organization terrorism and 269-270; European influences 268269; European support 270; German government funding of 291 Chernyshevskii, Nikolai 245, 248, 252-256, 259, 264, 268,269,273,276, 287,413,414 Chetardy, Joachim Jacques Trotti Marquis de la (French diplomatic agent) 137-140 color revolutions 336, 342, 344, 346, 347, 354; Georgia 103, 219, 275, 297, 308, 320, 321, 336, 341, 344,345, 347, 353, 354,370, 374, 375, 376, 393; Serbia 344 109, 219,264,283,284,297, 338, 340,341, 344,345, 353, 376, 419, 428,430,455; Ukraine 28, 56, 92, 94, 96, 100,165,288,301,321, 340, 342, 344, 345, 347, 353, 359,
368,370,374,382, 391, 416,420,427, 429,430, 432, 434,445 Constantinople 4,10,12, 28, 29, 30,31, 32,43, 62, 63, 104,105,125,149,221, 222, 223, 289, 292,379,382, 392; fall of 10,12 constitutionalism 54,153-158, 235, 238-242, 262, 279280,363; Alexander I and 174-177,180-183,189-192; Alexander II and 238-242; Alexander III opposition to 265-266; Anna I opposition to 157-160; aristocratic 155-157,196-198,253-258; autocratic 54, 174-177,180-183,189-192-194,235, 238-242,362, 363; Decembrists and 196-198; failure of Alexander I’s constitutional project 191-194; Golitsyn and 196197; Muravev and 197-198; Nicholas II and 54, 235, 279-280,362,363; Pestel and 196-197; Tatishchev and 197-198 constituitive (significant) Other 7,11,16-17,94, 227, 318,376,434 constructivist theory 8-10 Crimean War 217-227, 231, 242,283 cultural/identity transformation 11-15 cultural strains, dominant and recessive 6,13-16,1921,23,49,147,297, 299, 336-337,371 cycles see relational cycles in Russian-Western relations Decembrists 169,194,195,196,199,200,201,202, 203,205, 207,208,209,210, 211, 213,217,218,260, 262,273, 359, 360,405,406,407, 416, 436, 437,45; Alexander I and 180,182,192,197,217,228, 243, 374; Catherine I, Empress 135,136,141,147,154 Catherine II, Empress 134,135,137,140,141,146, 459
460 Index Dobrolyubov 245,248,252, 253,254, 268, 276, 414, 441,455; Europe and 5, 40, 99,131.146,166,168.169, 178,183,186,194,195,216,219. 230, 241,244, 251, 256, 258,266,268, 277, 307, 315,327, 329, 331, 344, 355, 368,372, 375, 377, 380, 381, 392,405,415, 416,426, 432; executions of 147; exiles of 203, 311; France and 13,127,129,180,186,190, 226, 233, 239,262, 269,284, 295,405; Muravev 195,196,197,198,202, 203,405, 406,407,436; Napoleonic wars and 184; Nicholas 1183,194,203, 207,209, 210,211, 216,217,218, 220, 221,223,225, 227,228,229,279, 408, 437; Pestel 196, 197,200,405; Pushkin and 199, 435, 448; revolution from above 21,23,114,120,169,194, 202, 203, 207, 260,297, 321, 323,332, 336, 337, 359,407, 423, 424, 425,426, 445, 449; Ryleev and 194,196, 203,405, 407,447; symbol of collusion in post-Soviet Russia 359-360 discourse theory 10-12 dislocation 10-13,19, 23, 34,40, 90,112,114-5,117,119, 120-1,123,125,127,129,131-3,135,137,139,141,143, 145,147,149,151,153,155,157,159,161,163,165-7, 170,214, 244, 253,260-1,268, 282-3, 333, 336,348; Alexander I and 170; 18th century and 143-146; European socialism and 260-262; Old Believers’ opposition to 112-113; Peter the Great and 114-131; Slavophile discourse and 214-216 displacement 11-12,19-21,23,59, 89-90, 97,102, ИЗ16, 170,174,207, 242, 244-247,261,268,278,295, 335-6,335, 348, 369, 372 Dostoevskii, Fyodor (Fedor) 233,243,245-246,259, 266-268,340, 412,417 Dugin, Alexander 432, 444 Eastern Orthodoxy 10,11,12,28,29,30, 31, 62,63, 94, 102,103, 372,382 Elizabeth I, Empress 133,135,141,154,160; British support of coup against Anna
1137-140 Eurasianism 336-337, 349, 350, 351,431,432,444 February 1917 Revolution 282-290 Georgia see color revolutions Gershuni, Grigoril 269-271,276,417-418 Golitsyn, Dmitrii 155-160 Golitsyn, Prince Vasilii V. 101 Gorbachev, Mikhail 297, 302,318-335, 339, 341, 348349, 353, 358,360, 371, 373-374,424-425,426-427; decline of vigilance norm against internal dissent and collusion 322-326; decline of vigilance norm regarding external threat 326-335; perestroika’s political reforms and 319-322; Westernization and 318, 321, 337 Gots, Mikhail 269-270,276,303,417 Greek Orthodoxy see Eastern Orthodoxy Gumilev, Lev 432,445 Herzen, Alexander 151,199,213,214,215,216,248, 249, 254,255,256, 257,258,259,264,273,276,310,407, 408,413,414,421,450,453 honor norm in Russian culture 8-10,17,108, 329,338339, 342-346, 369,376 intervention. Western 6,7,11,18,19,20,23,27,30, 31, 32,36,51,57,58, 60,64,65,66, 67,69,72, 80,83,85, 86, 90,137,140,177,187,205,222,256,293, 294,295, 301, 302,303, 304, 308,312,333,334,336, 341,345, 347,352,353, 354, 365,366, 371,374,375,381,387, 424,445; Poles during Time of Troubles and 62-74; Russian Civil War and 293-294, 312-313 invasion from the West 6-7,11-13,19-27, 31, 34, 37, 57-62, 66, 72-5, 81-5, 87-93,96,114,131-4,139,1689,177,183-5,196-8,222,251,284,297, 301, 306, 31116, 343, 347, 352, 363-7,370-77, 381-2, 387-8, 396, 402,414,417,438-9; Napoleon’s Grand Army and 6, 13,21, 82,87,134,147,167-211,218-28, 262, 360-7, 374-5,402-6,416-17, 436-8,444-51,456; Nazi Germany 83, 306, 314, 315, 317,333,361, 375; Poles and 5-6,21,25, 37, 50-7, 6-4, 66-86, 81-82,89-94, 97;
Swedes and 16, 72, 78-83,93-4,123,126-30,13740,357,365, 375,395; World War I 374-81 Ivan the Great 32, 36,39,41,42,44,45,48,49 52, 383 Ivan (Grozny) the Terrible 28,47,49,50, 51, 53, 55, 57, 58,385 Judaizers 35-41 Karp 32,33,35,52,383 Katzentein, Peter J. 8 Kenney, James J. 172-3 Khrizhanich, Yurii 100-101 Khrushchev, CPSU First Secretary Nikita 297, 300, 309-310, 315-316, 322, 334, 374,424 Kievan Rus’ 4,10, 25, 29, 30, 85,102,382; fall of 3, 10, 30,50, 58,85,145,167, 284,292,299, 318, 327, 331, 379,381,424-426; internal strife, internecine conflict in 58 Kilbachich, Nicholas 264-265; European influences and 264 Krasin, Leonid 275 Kuhlmann, Quirinus 101-102 Kurbskii, Prince Andrei 28, 50-56,217, 385-386; defection to the Poles 52; letters to Ivan the Terrible 53-55; Maxim the Greek and 52-53; symbol of collusion and treason and 385-386 Lavrov, Pyotr 248, 256-257, 260,262,268-269, 276, 415,417, 441 Lenin (Ulyanov), Vladimir 262,272-275,286-293, 333; authoritarianism of 274-275, 302-303, 360-361, 418; collusion with Germans in World War I and 287-293; European phase of274; European socialist influences 272-274,286,412; internationalism of 273; October 1917 coup and 291-293; state terror and 302-303, 418; symbol of collusion and treason in post-Soviet Russia and 360-363; terrorism and 275; youth of 272-273 Likhachev, Dmitrii S. 17 Lotman, Yurii 10-12 Malia, Martin 5-6 Matveev, Artomon 99-100 Maxim the Greek (Maximus the Greek, Maksim Grek) 45-52, 63,76,122,124,152, 384,450; Girolamo Savonarola and Western influence on 46-47 Mazepa, Hetman 127-128; collusion and 22, 34, 209,
294,305, 306, 326; Poles and 128; Swedes and 128; symbol of collusion and treason and 128, 357-360, 434-435 meddling in Russian politics, Western 3, 4, 22, 25, 83,133,134,137,141,169,172,209, 217, 251, 295, 310,331-2, 336, 346, 354, 376-7,421,426; British subsidies for Catherine Il’s coup against Peter III 140; French meddling and coup plot against Anna I 137-140; French support for Elizabeth I’s succession of Anna 1137-140; German financial and other support for Lenin and the Bolsheviks 287-295,421;
Index German government funding of SR Chernov 291; support for Alexander I’s coup against Paul 1169-74; Swedish meddling and coup plot against Anna I 137; Western involvement with Yeltsin government 354-355,426; Western support for Imperial Russia’s revolutionaries 263-264,270-271,279,286,416-417; Western support for opposition to Putin 355-356; Western support for Soviet dissidents 309-310, 312 Mikhail Romanov, Tsar 84 Mikhailovskii, Nikolai 172, 248, 255, 256, 263,268, 417 Mironenko, Sergei 182,191,193,203,403-406 Morozov, Vyacheslav 10-11,14-17,109,125, 372 Muravev, Nikita 195-198,202-203,405-407, 436; Decembrists and 22,169,194-196,199-203, 205, 207-211, 213,217-218,260,262, 273, 359-360, 407; draft constitution 197-198 Muscovy (Muscovite Rus’) 5,10,21,25, 27, 32,34, 35, 36, 38,39,43,50, 60,62, 67,83,118,123,151, 382-383 Napoleon Bonaparte 13,167,177-191,224 Nashokin, Afanasii Lavrentovich (Ordin-Nashokin) 97-98 NATO expansion 3-4, 329, 331, 340-341, 351; broken promise not to expand and revival of vigilance norm 3-4, 338-342, 344-345, 365-366, 426-430; popular and elite vigilance norm reactivation 346-356; Russia’s geostrategic reaction to 346 Nechaev, Sergei 243, 248,258-261, 273, 276, 415, 442 neo-Eurasianism 336,349-351,431-432 neo-Petrine autocracy 158-166 Nicholas I, Tsar 207-226; Crimean War and 217-227, 231, 242,283; Official Nationality and 207, 210, 212217; ontological security and 210; personality of 209; Pushkin and 211,217, 218; reconstitution and 208212; support for Slavophiles and 217; vigilance norm and 210-212,219-220 Nicholas II, Tsar 277-282;
constitutionalism and 279-281; Fundamental Law and 278-280; 1905 revolution and 278-279; October Manifesto and 278; revolutionary terrorism wave 282; Stolypin and 280-282 Nikon (Patriarch) 90,103,104,105,106,107,108,109, 110, 111, 112,113, 392, 393,394. 396 non-possessors (nestazhateli) 42-49; demise of 48-49; Maxim the Greek and 45-47; Sorskii and 42-45; Vasilii Patrikeev and 42,44-48 Novogorod 53, 55,122; fall of 3,10, 30, 50,58,85,145, 167,284, 292, 295, 299, 318, 327, 331, 379, 381, 382, 424-6,444; Hanseatic League and 31, 32, 33,37; Ivan III (the Great) and 33; Ivan the Terrible and 49; Moscow and 25,28, 31, 35, 37,42,45, 50,68,70,72, 74,76,77,78, 80, 92,93,94, 98,100,118,125,126,142, 155,170,183, 215, 229, 293, 297,340,381, 382, 388, 391, 445; veche of 32, 33, 41, 437 October 1917 Bolshevik coup 290-295; causes of 286; European sources and 290-295; Germans and Alexander Parvus and 287-293; Lenin’s central role and 285, 287-293 Official Nationality 13, 207, 210, 212,214-217 Old Believers (raskolnik^ 90,102-13,123,107,108,109, 110, 111, 112,113,123,432, 447 ontological security 9-10,25,32,49, 84, 89,168, 210, 266, 276, 307, 331, 339-40,360 370, 373, 376, 380 Parvus, Alexander (Israel Helphand) 287-291, 362, 420-421,437, 449,451,453 Patriarch Nikon 104,106, 396; raskolnik։ (see Old 461 Believers) 90,102,103,107,108,109,110, 111, 112,113, 123; Reforms and 100,109,120,129,155,183,203, 231, 232, 234, 241, 244,247,253,272, 339,419,430 Patrikeev, Prince Vasilii and 42,44-48 Paul I 134,137,141,150,153,168,169,170,171,173,174, 175,178, 360,401, 402,404, 448, 450; Alexander I’s
coup against and 137,138,140,259, 321; Catherine II and 141; traditionalism of 21, 23, 215, 227,280,345, 349, 369, 375 Perovskaya, Sophia 255,263,276, 414, 416,453 Pestel, Pavel 196,197, 200, 201, 202, 203, 405, 406, 407, 447; Russkaya Pravda and 197, 202 Peter the Great, Tsar/Emperor 70,114-131, 358-9; Great Dislocation and 114-131 phases see relational phases in Russian-Western relations Pisarev, Dmitrii 248, 250, 251, 262, 263, 264, 268,269, 273,413 Plekhanov, Georgi 248,253,261-264,269, 272-274, 285, 287, 325,414,416, 418, 420,437 political culture, definition of 379 Possessors (stazhateli, Josephites) 38-42; 45,48-49; Joseph Volokolamskii 38-41, 45, 48-49 Pskov 21, 27-28, 31-38, 49, 52, 56,79,95-99,122,263, 381-382, 385-386, 392, 437; fall of 3,10, 30, 50, 58, 85,145,167,284, 292,299, 318, 327, 331, 379-382, 424-426; Hanseatic League and 31-32; Ivan III (the Great) and 33, 37,39; Ivan the Terrible and 49; Moscow and 25, 28, 31, 35, 37, 42,45; Novgorod and 27, 31-38, 40,75, 83, 95-96, 381-382; veche and 32-33,41,50, 72,197,230,381, 406, 420, 421-422, 437,438 Pugachev’s rebellion 147-149 Pushkin, Alexander 193,199,213, 217,268, 310, 357, 406, 408, 412, 435, 437; Chaadaev and 213; conservative turn 217; Decembrists and 194,195,199, 209,262,416, 435, 448; image of Mazepa 127,128, 131, 357, 358, 359,396,434, 435, 446, 449; Nicholas I and 211,217,218; Putin, Vladimir 3, 21,284, 337, 338, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348,350, 351,353, 355, 356, 358, 359, 361, 362, 363,364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369,429, 430,431, 432,434,436,437,443,448,455,457; authoritarianism and
6,22,158,202,251,335,343, 354, 357, 367, 370,371, 375; National Unity Day and 365-366,438; reactivation of security culture and vigilance norm 346-369; soft authoritarian retrenchment and 3, 343, 346, 349,356-357, 369370,375 Radishchev, Alexander 146-147,149-151,166 Raskol (Great Schism) 4, 30, 37,41, 90, 96,102,107, 110,112,113,393; Old Believers and 124,135, 394 raskolnik։ see Old Believers reactivation of cultural elements 14-15; of vigilance norm in the 21st century 346-369; of vigilance norm under communism 300-318 reconstitution 13,207-8, 210-212, 247, 279, 300-318; Alexander III and 279; Brezhnev and 310-312; Lenin and 300-303; Nicholas I and 208-216, 242; Old Believers and 102-103,108; Putin and 342-343, 345346, 348, 369; Stalin and 303-312 relational cycles in Russian-Western relations 9,18, 21-5,38, 86-7,114,168,203, 205, 258, 261, 306, 356, 366, 370, 297,376, 381, 396 relational phases in Russian-Western relations 22-3, 25, 87,151,205, 369 revolution from above 202,337-342,406-407;
462 Index Decembrist failed attempt and 202; definition of202, 406-407; Soviet/Russian case of 337-342 Russian dilemma 10,19, 87,131,168-169,172,177,182, 195, 207-209,226,228, 242,295, 299,370-377, 406 Russian Orthodox Christianity (Russian Orthodox Church) 20, 27,29, 32, 62,74,102, 358 sacralization of security culture and vigilance norm 356,363,368; National Unity Day and 365-366; Victory Day 368-369 Savinkov, Boris 270-271,422,437 Savonarola, Florentine Prior Girolamo 46-47 schismatics see Old Believers security culture 7-9,18-23,294, 300-309,352, 369, 373-374; Alexander I and 182; birth of 57-58; Catherine the Great and 148,166; Cossack rebellions and 147; Crimean War and 225-226; decline during second phase of cycles 23; displacement and 19; early development of 27-28; emigres and 216-217; Muscovite Rus’ and 49; NATO expansion and reactivation of 338-342; Nicholas 1207-208; ontological security 373; Peter the Great and 130-131; post-Soviet opposition to 436; postSoviet reactivation of 336-337,346-356, 376,430; reactivation of 19, 300-318,333, 346-369; Russian dilemma and 370-377; siloviki as guardians of 338; Soviet era and 297,299-300, 308-310, 312-318,334335; Stalin and 313-314; survival during perestroika 322-325; symbols and 363-369; Time of Troubles and 25,57-58, 84-85; weakening during perestroika and 320-333 security vigilance symbols (internal) 20, 84, 356-363; Decembrists 359-360; Kurbskii and 385-386; Lenin as 360-363; Mazepa 357-359 security vigilance symbols and sacralization (external) 363-369; Napoleon 366-368; Time of Troubles (Smuta) and 363-366;
Victory Day 368-369 sedimentation of cultural elements 14-15,20, 28,30, 82,169,337, 340,349, 356, 358,363-366, 370-371, 380 Serbia see color revolutions significant “Other” see constituitive Other” Slavophilism 12-13,113,115,125,135,152,181,208,210, 213-217,226,228, 238, 248-250,253, 255,266-268, 284, 339-340, 349-350, 357,379,408-409, 417 Smuta see Time of Troubles Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRP, Socialist Revolutionaries, SRs) 268-272,286,289,310,422, 445,446; American financial and political support for 270; Azef270-271,276,418,420; Chernov and 269270,291,417; Combat Organization terrorism and 244,260,261,269-270,277; Europe and 420; German government financial support for 291; Gershuni and 269-271,276,417-418; Gots and 269-270,276, 303,417; Perovskaya and 255,263,276,414,416,453; Savinkov 270-271,422,437; Tikhomirov and 257, 262-263, 268,416; Zhelyabov and 263,276,416 Sorskii, Nil 42-45 Soviet Union (USSR) 279, 299,304, 305,306, 307, 308,310,311,312, 314, 315,316,317,318,319,320, 321, 323,325,326,327,328, 329, 330,331,332, 333,334, 338,344,355, 358,426,427, 431,433,435,436,438; Great Terror 301-306, 308-9,315,333, 361, 422-3, 436-7,444; mono-organization 285, 301, 420,452; totalitarianism 7, 285, 302,361; vigilantism and 299-318,333 Soviet vigilantism 299-300,304, 309,333 Speranskii, Alexander 177,180-182,192-193, 202, 210,217-218, 403,407; Alexander ľs constitutional project and 181-183; European influences on 180-181 Stalin, General Secretary Iosif 20,223,297,299-311, 313-314,316, 323-326, 333-335, 360-361,368, 373, 436-437; Bolshevik terrorism and 275; domestic
security vigilance 303-306; Great Terror and 20, 305-306,436-437; vigilantism 299-300, 304,309, 333 Stalinism 308,310, 322, 420, 423,439,444,449, 452 stazhateli see “Possessors” Stolypin, Pyotr 281-282 strategic culture, definition of 380 strigolniki 25,28, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38,41,42,44,382, 383 Third Rome 379 Tikhomirov, Lev 257, 262-263, 268,416 Time of Troubles (Smuta) 13,22,59-83,86,93,365, 386, 387-391,444; security culture and vigilance norm and 83-86, 363-366,386-391 Tkachev, Pyotr 248, 259-262,273,276, 415 Tsygankov, Andrei 8,17 Tsymburskii, Vadim 21, 22,125, 381,396,449 Tulchinskii, Grigoril 17-18 Ukraine see color revolutions USSR see Soviet Union Vasilii the Quiet (Vasili Tikhii) 90-102; Westernizing displacement and 97-102 vigilance norm/value 1-3, 7-8,16-21,23, 27-8,49, 58, 84, 87,89,96,115,130-1, 207-8,286,294,297, 299318,322,325, 328-9, 333-4,336-7,339, 342, 335-7, 346-9, 352-5,359-60, 363, 368-70,374 Whitworth, Charles (British Ambassador to Russia) 172-4 Yeltsin, Boris 337-342,426, 429,435; constitutionalism and 337; external security vigilance and Yugoslav wars 428; opposition to NATO expansion 338-342,428; revolution from above 337-338; Western influences 337,429; Western meddling 338,426 Zhelyabov, Andrei 263,276,416 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Hahn, Gordon M. 1955- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)106288681X |
| author_facet | Hahn, Gordon M. 1955- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Hahn, Gordon M. 1955- |
| author_variant | g m h gm gmh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047579829 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1344251961 (DE-599)BVBBV047579829 |
| era | Geschichte 1505-2008 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1505-2008 |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04144nam a2200709 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV047579829</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20220915 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">211109s2021 |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781476681870</subfield><subfield code="q">pbk.</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-4766-8187-0</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1344251961</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV047579829</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-Re13</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hahn, Gordon M.</subfield><subfield code="d">1955-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)106288681X</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">The Russian dilemma</subfield><subfield code="b">security, vigilance and relations with the West from Ivan III to Putin</subfield><subfield code="c">Gordon M. Hahn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Jefferson, North Carolina</subfield><subfield code="b">McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers</subfield><subfield code="c">[2021]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="c">© 2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">vii, 462 Seiten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"From the end of the Mongol Empire to today, Russian history is a tale of cultural, political, economic and military interaction with Western powers. The depth of this relationship has created a geopolitical dilemma: Russia has persistently been both attracted to and at odds with Western ideas and technological development, which have tended to threaten Russia's sense of identity and create destabilizing divisions within society. Simultaneously, deepening involvement in Western international affairs brought meddling in Russian domestic politics and military invasion. 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| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd Westliche Welt (DE-588)4079237-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland Sowjetunion Westliche Welt |
| id | DE-604.BV047579829 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:33:02Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:15:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781476681870 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032965223 |
| oclc_num | 1344251961 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 |
| physical | vii, 462 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220915 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Hahn, Gordon M. 1955- Verfasser (DE-588)106288681X aut The Russian dilemma security, vigilance and relations with the West from Ivan III to Putin Gordon M. Hahn Jefferson, North Carolina McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers [2021] © 2021 vii, 462 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier "From the end of the Mongol Empire to today, Russian history is a tale of cultural, political, economic and military interaction with Western powers. The depth of this relationship has created a geopolitical dilemma: Russia has persistently been both attracted to and at odds with Western ideas and technological development, which have tended to threaten Russia's sense of identity and create destabilizing divisions within society. Simultaneously, deepening involvement in Western international affairs brought meddling in Russian domestic politics and military invasion. This book examines how the centuries-old Western threat has shaped Russia's political and strategic structures, creating a culture of security rooted in vigilance against Western influence and interference" Geschichte 1505-2008 gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Westliche Welt (DE-588)4079237-7 gnd rswk-swf Russia / Foreign relations / Western countries Soviet Union / Foreign relations / Western countries Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / Western countries Western countries / Foreign relations / Russia Western countries / Foreign relations / Soviet Union Western countries / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation) National security / Russia (Federation) / History Diplomatic relations National security Russia Russia (Federation) Soviet Union Western countries History Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 s Westliche Welt (DE-588)4079237-7 g Geschichte 1505-2008 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-4766-4434-9 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032965223&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032965223&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032965223&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Hahn, Gordon M. 1955- The Russian dilemma security, vigilance and relations with the West from Ivan III to Putin Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4116489-1 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4079237-7 |
| title | The Russian dilemma security, vigilance and relations with the West from Ivan III to Putin |
| title_auth | The Russian dilemma security, vigilance and relations with the West from Ivan III to Putin |
| title_exact_search | The Russian dilemma security, vigilance and relations with the West from Ivan III to Putin |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Russian dilemma security, vigilance and relations with the West from Ivan III to Putin |
| title_full | The Russian dilemma security, vigilance and relations with the West from Ivan III to Putin Gordon M. Hahn |
| title_fullStr | The Russian dilemma security, vigilance and relations with the West from Ivan III to Putin Gordon M. Hahn |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Russian dilemma security, vigilance and relations with the West from Ivan III to Putin Gordon M. Hahn |
| title_short | The Russian dilemma |
| title_sort | the russian dilemma security vigilance and relations with the west from ivan iii to putin |
| title_sub | security, vigilance and relations with the West from Ivan III to Putin |
| topic | Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Außenpolitik Sicherheitspolitik Russland Sowjetunion Westliche Welt |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032965223&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032965223&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032965223&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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