Verfügbarkeit: Evolution of English

Evolution of English: studying the past, understanding the present

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Sauer, Hans 1946-2022 (VerfasserIn), Kirner-Ludwig, Monika 1981- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Tübingen Stauffenburg Verlag [2021]
Schriftenreihe:	Stauffenburg Einführungen Band 11
Schlagworte:	Geschichte Englisch Sprachentwicklung Germanic languages English as a world language Pragmatics Semantics Sprachgeschichte Phonology Middle English Old English History of English Syntax Indoeuropean Morphology Standard and Varieties Phonetics Modern English
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	541 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
ISBN:	9783860572801

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MARC


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653			\|a Germanic languages
653			\|a English as a world language
653			\|a Pragmatics
653			\|a Semantics
653			\|a Sprachgeschichte
653			\|a Phonology
653			\|a Middle English
653			\|a Old English
653			\|a History of English
653			\|a Syntax
653			\|a Indoeuropean
653			\|a Morphology
653			\|a Standard and Varieties
653			\|a Phonetics
653			\|a Modern English
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689	0	1	\|a Geschichte \|A z
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................. 13 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ............................................................. 17 RULERS, IMPORTANT PEOPLE AND HISTORICAL EVENTS ...................................... 23 1 LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE CHANGE ................. 29 1.1 GENERAL REMARKS ......................................................................................... 29 1.2 HOW AND WHY DO LANGUAGES CHANGE? ........................................................ 29 1.3 WHY STUDY LANGUAGE CHANGE? ................................................................... 36 1.4 PERIODISATION .............................................................................................. 38 1.5 SOURCES AND METHODS OF RECONSTRUCTION ................................................. 43 1.6 HISTORY OF SCHOLARSHIP AND RESEARCH ......................................................... 49 1.7 LANGUAGE CHANGE: PROGRESS OR DECAY? .................................................... 53 FURTHER READING ..................................................................................................... 57 2 BASIC LINGUISTIC CONCEPTS .................. 59 2.1 GENERAL REMARKS ......................................................................................... 59 2.2 SYNCHRONY, DIACHRONY AND HISTORY: RELATED BUT NOT TO BE CONFUSED ...... 59 2.3 PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY .......................................................................... 60 2.4 SPELLING AND ORTHOGRAPHY .......................................................................... 65 2.5 MORPHOLOGY ............................................................................................... 65 2.5.1 GENERAL MORPHOLOGICAL CONCEPTS ................................................. 65 2.5.2 INDO-EUROPEAN AND GERMANIC MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE ............. 68 2.6 ANALOGY, GRAMMATICALISATION, RE-ANALYSIS AND SUPPLETION ....................... 69 FURTHER READING .................................................................................................... 70 3 THE PERIODS OF ENGLISH ................................................................ .......71 3.1 GENERAL REMARKS ......................................................................................... 71 3.2 BEFORE INDO-EUROPEAN ............................................................................... 71 3.3 INDO-EUROPEAN (UNTIL CA. 3000/2000 B.C.) ................................................ 73 3.3.1 THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INDO-EUROPEAN .......................... 73 3.3.2 COMMON FEATURES OF THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES ................... 76 3.4 GERMANIC AND WEST-GERMANIC (CA. 2000/500 B.C. - CA. 450 A.D.) .......... 81 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.5 OLD ENGLISH (CA. 450 - CA. 1100) ................................................................ 90 3.6 MIDDLE ENGLISH (CA. 1100 CA. 1500) ......................................................... 98 3.7 EARLY MODERN ENGLISH (CA. 1500 - CA. 1800) ............................................ 104 3.8 MODERN ENGLISH (CA. 1800 -TODAY) ........................................................ 108 FURTHER READING .................................................................................................. 112 4 WRITING AND ORTHOGRAPHY ................................................................... 117 4.1 GENERAL REMARKS ........................................................................................ 117 4.2 THE RELATION BETWEEN SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE .............................. 118 4.3 SCRIPTS ....................................................................................................... 122 4.4 MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN ENGLISH SPELLING ................................................. 127 4.4.1 OLD ENGLISH ................................................................................... 127 4.4.2 MIDDLE ENGLISH: ESPECIALLY FRENCH INFLUENCE .............................. 129 4.4.3 EARLY MODERN ENGLISH ................................................................... 131 4.5 PUNCTUATION ............................................................................................... 134 4.6 PROPOSALS FOR A SPELLING REFORM ............................................................... 137 FURTHER READING ................................................................................................... 138 5 PHONOLOGY: PRONUNCIATION AND SOUND-SYSTEMS .................................. 139 5.1 GENERAL REMARKS ....................................................................................... 139 5.2 INDO-EUROPEAN ......................................................................................... 142 5.3 GERMANIC ................................................................................................... 144 5.3.1 STRESSED VOWELS: SPONTANEOUS CHANGES ..................................... 144 5.3.2 STRESSED VOWELS: COMBINATORY CHANGES ..................................... 146 5.3.3 UNSTRESSED VOWELS: WEAKENING OR LOSS....................................... 146 5.3.4 CONSONANTS .................................................................................. 147 5.3.5 THE GERMANIC PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM ........................................... 147 5.4 WEST GERMANIC .......................................................................................... 148 5.5 OLD ENGLISH ................................................................................................ 150 5.5.1 STRESSED VOWELS: SPONTANEOUS CHANGES ..................................... 150 5.5.2 STRESSED VOWELS: COMBINATORY CHANGES ..................................... 151 5.5.3 UNSTRESSED VOWELS: CONTINUATION OF WEAKENING AND LOSS ....... 158 5.5.4 CONSONANTS: COMBINATORY CHANGES ............................................ 159 5.5.5 INTEGRATION OF SCANDINAVIAN LOAN WORDS ..................................... 161 5.5.6 THE OLD ENGLISH PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM ......................................... 162 5.6 MIDDLE ENGLISH........................................................................................... 164 5.6.1 GENERAL REMARKS .......................................................................... 164 5.6.2 STRESSED VOWELS: SPONTANEOUS CHANGES ..................................... 164 5.6.3 STRESSED VOWELS: COMBINATORY CHANGES ..................................... 168 5.6.4 UNSTRESSED VOWELS: FURTHER WEAKENING AND LOSS....................... 171 TABLE OF CONTENTS 9 5.6.5 CONSONANTS .................................................................................. 172 5.6.6 INTEGRATION OF FRENCH LOAN WORDS ............................................... 174 5.6.7 THE MIDDLE ENGLISH PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM (CA. 1400) .................. 177 5.7 EARLY MODERN ENGLISH AND MODERN ENGLISH ........................................... 178 5.7.1 GENERAL REMARKS .......................................................................... 178 5.7.2 STRESSED VOWELS: SPONTANEOUS CHANGES .................................... 179 5.7.3 STRESSED VOWELS: COMBINATORY CHANGES .................................... 184 5.7.4 UNSTRESSED VOWELS ...................................................................... 185 5.7.5 CONSONANTS .................................................................................. 186 5.7.6 THE EARLY MODERN ENGLISH PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM .......................... 188 5.7.7 THE PRESENT-DAY PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM (RP) ................................ 189 5.8 SOUND CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE AGES ....................................................... 191 FURTHER READING ................................................................................................... 196 6 MORPHOLOGY: WORD CLASSES AND WORD FORMS ...................................... 199 6.1 GENERAL REMARKS ....................................................................................... 199 6.2 NOUNS ........................................................................................................ 203 6.2.1 OLD ENGLISH ................................................................................... 203 6.2.2 MIDDLE ENGLISH AND MODERN ENGLISH .......................................... 210 6.3 ADJECTIVES ................................................................................................ 216 6.3.1 OLD ENGLISH ................................................................................... 216 6.3.2 MIDDLE ENGLISH AND MODERN ENGLISH .......................................... 219 6.4 NUMERALS .................................................................................................. 221 6.5 ADVERBS .................................................................................................... 224 6.5.1 GENERAL REMARKS ........................................................................ 224 6.5.2 FORMATION OF ADVERBS .................................................................. 224 6.5.3 GRADATION OF ADVERBS .................................................................. 227 6.5.4 SEMANTIC GROUPS ......................................................................... 227 6.6 PRONOUNS, DETERMINERS AND ARTICLES ........................................................ 228 6.6.1 GENERAL REMARKS ......................................................................... 228 6.6.2 PERSONAL PRONOUNS ...................................................................... 228 6.6.3 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS ................................................................... 235 6.6.4 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS ..................................................................... 236 6.6.5 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS AND ARTICLES ........................................ 237 6.6.6 INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS ............................................................... 239 6.6.7 RELATIVE PRONOUNS ....................................................................... 240 6.6.8 INDEFINITE PRONOUNS .................................................................... 242 6.7 VERBS ........................................................................................................ 243 6.7.1 GENERAL REMARKS ......................................................................... 243 6.7.2 VERB CLASSES ................................................................................ 244 6.7.3 INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS ..................................................................... 275 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS 6.7.4 TENSE ............................................................................................. 288 6.7.5 ASPECT (SIMPLE VERSUS PROGRESSIVE) ............................................ 296 6.7.6 VOICE: ACTIVE - PASSIVE ................................................................ 301 6.7.7 MOOD: INDICATIVE - SUBJUNCTIVE ................................................... 304 6.7.8 NON-FINITE VERB FORMS ................................................................. 306 6.7.9 IMPERSONAL VERBS AND CONSTRUCTIONS .......................................... 308 6.8 PREPOSITIONS .............................................................................................. 309 6.8.1 PREPOSITIONS USED AS FUNCTION WORDS PLUS NOUN PHRASE ............ 309 6.8.2 PREPOSITIONS USED AS ADVERBS AND PARTICLES ............................... 311 6.9 CONJUNCTIONS ............................................................................................ 312 6.10 INTERJECTIONS .............................................................................................. 314 FURTHER READING .................................................................................................. 317 7 SYNTAX ............................................................................................... 319 7.1 GENERAL REMARKS ....................................................................................... 319 7.2 PHRASES AND SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS .............................................................. 320 7.2.1 PHRASES .......................................................................................... 320 7.2.2 SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS ...................................................................... 322 7.3 BASIC CLAUSE AND SENTENCE TYPES ............................................................. 326 7.4 WORD ORDER ............................................................................................... 330 7.5 RECTION AND AGREEMENT (CONCORD) .......................................................... 337 7.6 COMPLEX SENTENCES: COORDINATION, CORRELATION AND SUBORDINATION ..... 338 7.6.1 GENERAL REMARKS .......................................................................... 338 7.6.2 COORDINATION ............................................................................... 339 7.6.3 SUBORDINATION .............................................................................. 340 7.7 AN EXAMPLE OF COMPLEX SYNTAX FROM CHAUCER ........................................ 350 7.8 PHRASEOLOGY AND IDIOMS ........................................................................... 351 FURTHER READING ................................................................................................... 355 8 SEMANTICS: MEANING, MEANING RELATIONS AND CHANGE OF MEANING .... 357 8.1 GENERAL REMARKS ....................................................................................... 357 8.2 SEMANTIC (SENSE) RELATIONS ....................................................................... 359 8.2.1 SYNONYMY .................................................................................... 359 8.2.2 ANTONYMY ..................................................................................... 360 8.2.3 HOMONYMY .................................................................................. 360 8.2.4 POLYSEMY ...................................................................................... 361 8.3 CHANGE OF MEANING .................................................................................. 362 8.4 SEMANTIC FIELDS ......................................................................................... 365 FURTHER READING ................................................................................................... 367 TABLE OF CONTENTS 11 9 VOCABULARY: BORROWING AND WORD-FORMATION .................................... 369 9.1 GENERAL REMARKS ....................................................................................... 369 9.2 LOAN INFLUENCES ....................................................................................... 371 9.2.1 GENERAL REMARKS ......................................................................... 371 9.2.2 LATIN INFLUENCES .......................................................................... 375 9.2.3 GREEK INFLUENCE ........................................................................... 382 9.2.4 CELTIC INFLUENCE ........................................................................... 383 9.2.5 SCANDINAVIAN (OLD NORSE) INFLUENCE ........................................... 385 9.2.6 FRENCH INFLUENCE ......................................................................... 387 9.2.7 INFLUENCES FROM OTHER LANGUAGES ............................................... 392 9.3 WORD-FORMATION ....................................................................................... 396 9.3.1 GENERAL REMARKS ......................................................................... 396 9.3.2 COMPOUNDS AND COMPOUNDING .................................................401 9.3.3 DERIVATION THROUGH PREFIXATION AND SUFFIXATION ......................... 404 9.3.4 CONVERSION (OR ZERO-DERIVATION) .................................................410 9.3.5 BACKFORMATION (OR BACK-DERIVATION) ...........................................411 9.3.6 SOUND-SYMBOLIC WORD-FORMATION ............................................... 411 9.3.7 REDUPLICATION .................................................................. 412 9.3.8 CLIPPING ........................................................................................ 412 9.3.9 BLENDING ....................................................................................... 413 9.3.10 ACRONYMS AND INITIALISMS ........................................................... 413 9.4 PERSONAL NAMES ....................................................................................... 414 9.5 PLACE NAMES ............................................................................................ 415 FURTHER READING ................................................................................................. 417 10 TEXT AND CONTEXT: HISTORICAL TEXT LINGUISTICS AND PRAGMATICS ............. 419 10.1 GENERAL REMARKS ....................................................................................... 419 10.2 TEXT LINGUISTICS .......................................................................................... 419 10.3 TEXT TYPES ................................................................................................. 420 10.4 CRITERIA OF TEXTUALITY ................................................................................423 10.4.1 TEXT-INTERNAL CRITERIA .................................................................... 423 10.4.2 TEXT-EXTERNAL CRITERIA ...................................................................424 10.5 HISTORICAL PRAGMATICS ............................................................................... 425 10.6 POLITENESS AND IMPOLITENESS .................................................................... 428 FURTHER READING .................................................................................................. 431 11 STANDARD AND VARIETIES ..................................................................... 433 11.1 GENERAL REMARKS ....................................................................................... 433 11.2 THE EMERGENCE OF A STANDARD ................................................................. 440 12 TABLE OF CONTENTS 11.3 OLD ENGLISH DIALECTS ................................................................................. 443 11.4 MIDDLE ENGLISH DIALECTS ............................................................................ 446 11.5 EARLY MODERN AND MODERN ENGLISH DIALECTS ............................................ 447 11.6 COCKNEY ..................................................................................................... 450 11.7 THE CELTIC ENGLISHES.................................................................................. 452 11.8 AMERICAN ENGLISH ..................................................................................... 457 11.9 PIDGIN AND CREOLE LANGUAGES .................................................................... 463 11.10 THE SPREAD OF ENGLISH AS A WORLD LANGUAGE ............................................ 465 FURTHER READING ................................................................................................... 470 12 MAPS, FIGURES, TABLES AND SCRIPTS ...................................................... 471 13 APPENDICES ........................................................................................ 477 14 GLOSSARY OF TERMS .............................................................................. 483 15 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................... 493 16 INDEX .................................................................................................. 507 17 DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................. 531
adam_txt	TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 13 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS . 17 RULERS, IMPORTANT PEOPLE AND HISTORICAL EVENTS . 23 1 LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE CHANGE . 29 1.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 29 1.2 HOW AND WHY DO LANGUAGES CHANGE? . 29 1.3 WHY STUDY LANGUAGE CHANGE? . 36 1.4 PERIODISATION . 38 1.5 SOURCES AND METHODS OF RECONSTRUCTION . 43 1.6 HISTORY OF SCHOLARSHIP AND RESEARCH . 49 1.7 LANGUAGE CHANGE: PROGRESS OR DECAY? . 53 FURTHER READING . 57 2 BASIC LINGUISTIC CONCEPTS . 59 2.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 59 2.2 SYNCHRONY, DIACHRONY AND HISTORY: RELATED BUT NOT TO BE CONFUSED . 59 2.3 PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY . 60 2.4 SPELLING AND ORTHOGRAPHY . 65 2.5 MORPHOLOGY . 65 2.5.1 GENERAL MORPHOLOGICAL CONCEPTS . 65 2.5.2 INDO-EUROPEAN AND GERMANIC MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE . 68 2.6 ANALOGY, GRAMMATICALISATION, RE-ANALYSIS AND SUPPLETION . 69 FURTHER READING . 70 3 THE PERIODS OF ENGLISH . .71 3.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 71 3.2 BEFORE INDO-EUROPEAN . 71 3.3 INDO-EUROPEAN (UNTIL CA. 3000/2000 B.C.) . 73 3.3.1 THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF INDO-EUROPEAN . 73 3.3.2 COMMON FEATURES OF THE INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES . 76 3.4 GERMANIC AND WEST-GERMANIC (CA. 2000/500 B.C. - CA. 450 A.D.) . 81 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.5 OLD ENGLISH (CA. 450 - CA. 1100) . 90 3.6 MIDDLE ENGLISH (CA. 1100 CA. 1500) . 98 3.7 EARLY MODERN ENGLISH (CA. 1500 - CA. 1800) . 104 3.8 MODERN ENGLISH (CA. 1800 -TODAY) . 108 FURTHER READING . 112 4 WRITING AND ORTHOGRAPHY . 117 4.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 117 4.2 THE RELATION BETWEEN SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE . 118 4.3 SCRIPTS . 122 4.4 MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS IN ENGLISH SPELLING . 127 4.4.1 OLD ENGLISH . 127 4.4.2 MIDDLE ENGLISH: ESPECIALLY FRENCH INFLUENCE . 129 4.4.3 EARLY MODERN ENGLISH . 131 4.5 PUNCTUATION . 134 4.6 PROPOSALS FOR A SPELLING REFORM . 137 FURTHER READING . 138 5 PHONOLOGY: PRONUNCIATION AND SOUND-SYSTEMS . 139 5.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 139 5.2 INDO-EUROPEAN . 142 5.3 GERMANIC . 144 5.3.1 STRESSED VOWELS: SPONTANEOUS CHANGES . 144 5.3.2 STRESSED VOWELS: COMBINATORY CHANGES . 146 5.3.3 UNSTRESSED VOWELS: WEAKENING OR LOSS. 146 5.3.4 CONSONANTS . 147 5.3.5 THE GERMANIC PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM . 147 5.4 WEST GERMANIC . 148 5.5 OLD ENGLISH . 150 5.5.1 STRESSED VOWELS: SPONTANEOUS CHANGES . 150 5.5.2 STRESSED VOWELS: COMBINATORY CHANGES . 151 5.5.3 UNSTRESSED VOWELS: CONTINUATION OF WEAKENING AND LOSS . 158 5.5.4 CONSONANTS: COMBINATORY CHANGES . 159 5.5.5 INTEGRATION OF SCANDINAVIAN LOAN WORDS . 161 5.5.6 THE OLD ENGLISH PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM . 162 5.6 MIDDLE ENGLISH. 164 5.6.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 164 5.6.2 STRESSED VOWELS: SPONTANEOUS CHANGES . 164 5.6.3 STRESSED VOWELS: COMBINATORY CHANGES . 168 5.6.4 UNSTRESSED VOWELS: FURTHER WEAKENING AND LOSS. 171 TABLE OF CONTENTS 9 5.6.5 CONSONANTS . 172 5.6.6 INTEGRATION OF FRENCH LOAN WORDS . 174 5.6.7 THE MIDDLE ENGLISH PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM (CA. 1400) . 177 5.7 EARLY MODERN ENGLISH AND MODERN ENGLISH . 178 5.7.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 178 5.7.2 STRESSED VOWELS: SPONTANEOUS CHANGES . 179 5.7.3 STRESSED VOWELS: COMBINATORY CHANGES . 184 5.7.4 UNSTRESSED VOWELS . 185 5.7.5 CONSONANTS . 186 5.7.6 THE EARLY MODERN ENGLISH PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM . 188 5.7.7 THE PRESENT-DAY PHONOLOGICAL SYSTEM (RP) . 189 5.8 SOUND CHANGES THROUGHOUT THE AGES . 191 FURTHER READING . 196 6 MORPHOLOGY: WORD CLASSES AND WORD FORMS . 199 6.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 199 6.2 NOUNS . 203 6.2.1 OLD ENGLISH . 203 6.2.2 MIDDLE ENGLISH AND MODERN ENGLISH . 210 6.3 ADJECTIVES . 216 6.3.1 OLD ENGLISH . 216 6.3.2 MIDDLE ENGLISH AND MODERN ENGLISH . 219 6.4 NUMERALS . 221 6.5 ADVERBS . 224 6.5.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 224 6.5.2 FORMATION OF ADVERBS . 224 6.5.3 GRADATION OF ADVERBS . 227 6.5.4 SEMANTIC GROUPS . 227 6.6 PRONOUNS, DETERMINERS AND ARTICLES . 228 6.6.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 228 6.6.2 PERSONAL PRONOUNS . 228 6.6.3 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS . 235 6.6.4 REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS . 236 6.6.5 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS AND ARTICLES . 237 6.6.6 INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS . 239 6.6.7 RELATIVE PRONOUNS . 240 6.6.8 INDEFINITE PRONOUNS . 242 6.7 VERBS . 243 6.7.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 243 6.7.2 VERB CLASSES . 244 6.7.3 INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS . 275 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS 6.7.4 TENSE . 288 6.7.5 ASPECT (SIMPLE VERSUS PROGRESSIVE) . 296 6.7.6 VOICE: ACTIVE - PASSIVE . 301 6.7.7 MOOD: INDICATIVE - SUBJUNCTIVE . 304 6.7.8 NON-FINITE VERB FORMS . 306 6.7.9 IMPERSONAL VERBS AND CONSTRUCTIONS . 308 6.8 PREPOSITIONS . 309 6.8.1 PREPOSITIONS USED AS FUNCTION WORDS PLUS NOUN PHRASE . 309 6.8.2 PREPOSITIONS USED AS ADVERBS AND PARTICLES . 311 6.9 CONJUNCTIONS . 312 6.10 INTERJECTIONS . 314 FURTHER READING . 317 7 SYNTAX . 319 7.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 319 7.2 PHRASES AND SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS . 320 7.2.1 PHRASES . 320 7.2.2 SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS . 322 7.3 BASIC CLAUSE AND SENTENCE TYPES . 326 7.4 WORD ORDER . 330 7.5 RECTION AND AGREEMENT (CONCORD) . 337 7.6 COMPLEX SENTENCES: COORDINATION, CORRELATION AND SUBORDINATION . 338 7.6.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 338 7.6.2 COORDINATION . 339 7.6.3 SUBORDINATION . 340 7.7 AN EXAMPLE OF COMPLEX SYNTAX FROM CHAUCER . 350 7.8 PHRASEOLOGY AND IDIOMS . 351 FURTHER READING . 355 8 SEMANTICS: MEANING, MEANING RELATIONS AND CHANGE OF MEANING . 357 8.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 357 8.2 SEMANTIC (SENSE) RELATIONS . 359 8.2.1 SYNONYMY . 359 8.2.2 ANTONYMY . 360 8.2.3 HOMONYMY . 360 8.2.4 POLYSEMY . 361 8.3 CHANGE OF MEANING . 362 8.4 SEMANTIC FIELDS . 365 FURTHER READING . 367 TABLE OF CONTENTS 11 9 VOCABULARY: BORROWING AND WORD-FORMATION . 369 9.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 369 9.2 LOAN INFLUENCES . 371 9.2.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 371 9.2.2 LATIN INFLUENCES . 375 9.2.3 GREEK INFLUENCE . 382 9.2.4 CELTIC INFLUENCE . 383 9.2.5 SCANDINAVIAN (OLD NORSE) INFLUENCE . 385 9.2.6 FRENCH INFLUENCE . 387 9.2.7 INFLUENCES FROM OTHER LANGUAGES . 392 9.3 WORD-FORMATION . 396 9.3.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 396 9.3.2 COMPOUNDS AND COMPOUNDING .401 9.3.3 DERIVATION THROUGH PREFIXATION AND SUFFIXATION . 404 9.3.4 CONVERSION (OR ZERO-DERIVATION) .410 9.3.5 BACKFORMATION (OR BACK-DERIVATION) .411 9.3.6 SOUND-SYMBOLIC WORD-FORMATION . 411 9.3.7 REDUPLICATION . 412 9.3.8 CLIPPING . 412 9.3.9 BLENDING . 413 9.3.10 ACRONYMS AND INITIALISMS . 413 9.4 PERSONAL NAMES . 414 9.5 PLACE NAMES . 415 FURTHER READING . 417 10 TEXT AND CONTEXT: HISTORICAL TEXT LINGUISTICS AND PRAGMATICS . 419 10.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 419 10.2 TEXT LINGUISTICS . 419 10.3 TEXT TYPES . 420 10.4 CRITERIA OF TEXTUALITY .423 10.4.1 TEXT-INTERNAL CRITERIA . 423 10.4.2 TEXT-EXTERNAL CRITERIA .424 10.5 HISTORICAL PRAGMATICS . 425 10.6 POLITENESS AND IMPOLITENESS . 428 FURTHER READING . 431 11 STANDARD AND VARIETIES . 433 11.1 GENERAL REMARKS . 433 11.2 THE EMERGENCE OF A STANDARD . 440 12 TABLE OF CONTENTS 11.3 OLD ENGLISH DIALECTS . 443 11.4 MIDDLE ENGLISH DIALECTS . 446 11.5 EARLY MODERN AND MODERN ENGLISH DIALECTS . 447 11.6 COCKNEY . 450 11.7 THE CELTIC ENGLISHES. 452 11.8 AMERICAN ENGLISH . 457 11.9 PIDGIN AND CREOLE LANGUAGES . 463 11.10 THE SPREAD OF ENGLISH AS A WORLD LANGUAGE . 465 FURTHER READING . 470 12 MAPS, FIGURES, TABLES AND SCRIPTS . 471 13 APPENDICES . 477 14 GLOSSARY OF TERMS . 483 15 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 493 16 INDEX . 507 17 DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS . 531
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author	Sauer, Hans 1946-2022 Kirner-Ludwig, Monika 1981-
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era	Geschichte gnd
era_facet	Geschichte
format	Book
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id	DE-604.BV047563817
illustrated	Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-03T18:28:01Z
indexdate	2024-07-10T09:14:46Z
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institution_GND	(DE-588)1065142846
isbn	9783860572801
language	English
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physical	541 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
publishDate	2021
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publishDateSort	2021
publisher	Stauffenburg Verlag
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series	Stauffenburg Einführungen
series2	Stauffenburg Einführungen
spelling	Sauer, Hans 1946-2022 Verfasser (DE-588)132365375 aut Evolution of English studying the past, understanding the present Hans Sauer / Monika Kirner-Ludwig Tübingen Stauffenburg Verlag [2021] © 2021 541 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Stauffenburg Einführungen Band 11 Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd rswk-swf Sprachentwicklung (DE-588)4182511-1 gnd rswk-swf Germanic languages English as a world language Pragmatics Semantics Sprachgeschichte Phonology Middle English Old English History of English Syntax Indoeuropean Morphology Standard and Varieties Phonetics Modern English Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 s Geschichte z DE-604 Sprachentwicklung (DE-588)4182511-1 s Kirner-Ludwig, Monika 1981- Verfasser (DE-588)1047268531 aut Stauffenburg Verlag (DE-588)1065142846 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-95809-420-8 Stauffenburg Einführungen Band 11 (DE-604)BV013702197 11 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032939207&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p vlb 20210706 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#vlb
spellingShingle	Sauer, Hans 1946-2022 Kirner-Ludwig, Monika 1981- Evolution of English studying the past, understanding the present Stauffenburg Einführungen Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Sprachentwicklung (DE-588)4182511-1 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4014777-0 (DE-588)4182511-1
title	Evolution of English studying the past, understanding the present
title_auth	Evolution of English studying the past, understanding the present
title_exact_search	Evolution of English studying the past, understanding the present
title_exact_search_txtP	Evolution of English studying the past, understanding the present
title_full	Evolution of English studying the past, understanding the present Hans Sauer / Monika Kirner-Ludwig
title_fullStr	Evolution of English studying the past, understanding the present Hans Sauer / Monika Kirner-Ludwig
title_full_unstemmed	Evolution of English studying the past, understanding the present Hans Sauer / Monika Kirner-Ludwig
title_short	Evolution of English
title_sort	evolution of english studying the past understanding the present
title_sub	studying the past, understanding the present
topic	Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Sprachentwicklung (DE-588)4182511-1 gnd
topic_facet	Englisch Sprachentwicklung
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032939207&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV013702197
work_keys_str_mv	AT sauerhans evolutionofenglishstudyingthepastunderstandingthepresent AT kirnerludwigmonika evolutionofenglishstudyingthepastunderstandingthepresent AT stauffenburgverlag evolutionofenglishstudyingthepastunderstandingthepresent

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