Informal logical fallacies: a brief guide
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lanham, MD
Hamilton Books
2021
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| Ausgabe: | revised Edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | xv, 116 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9780761872535 |
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| adam_text | Contents Preface xi Introduction What Is an Informal Logical Fallacy? The Importance of Studying Informal Logical Fallacies What Is an Argument? Characteristics of Critical Thinking 1 2 Linguistic Fallacies 1.1 F allacy of Division 1.2 Fallacy of Composition 1.3 Vagueness 1.4 Equivocation 1.5 Weak Analogy 1.6 Pseudo-Profundity 1.7 Inflation 1.8 False Certainty 1.9 Fallacy of Definition Notes Fallacies of Omission 2.1 Bifurcation 2.2 False Dilemma 2.3 Argumentom Ad Ignorantiam 2.4 Shifting the Burden of Proof 2.5 Straw Argument 2.6 Reductionism 2.7 Fallacy of Psychologism 2.8 Perfectionist Fallacy vii xiii xiii xiv xiv xv 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 11 11 12 13 15 15 16 17 18
viii 3 4 5 6 Contents 2.9 Fallacy of the Unknowable Fact 2.10 Willed Ignorance Fallacies of Intrusion 3.1 Argumentum Ad Hominem, Abusive 3.2 Argumentum Ad Hominem, Circumstantial 3.3 Argumentum Ad Hominem, Postmortem 3.4 Argumentum Ad Verecundiam 3.5 Argumentum Ad Baculum 3.6 Appeal to Common Knowledge 3.7 Genetic Fallacy 3.8 Argumentum Ad Populum 3.9 Appeal to Tradition 3.10 Tu Quoque 3.11 Two Wrongs Make a Right 3.12 Red Herring 3.13 Ignoratio Elenchi 3.14 Argumentum Ad Crumenam 3.15 Argumentum Ad Misericordiam Fallacies with Built-In Assumptions 4.1 Petitio Principii 4.2 Complex Question 4.3 Appeal to Human Nature 4.4 Is-Ought Fallacy 4.5 Projection 4.6 Appeal to Anecdotal Evidence 4.7 Narcissist Fallacy 4.8 Anthropomorphism 4.9 Fallacy of Efficiency 4.10 The Exception Disproves the Rule 4.11 Subjectivist Fallacy Notes Causal Fallacies 5.1 Fallacy of the F alse Cause 5.2 Fallacy of the Single Cause 5.3 Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc 5.4 Slippery Slope 5.5 Gambler’s Fallacy 5.6 Appeal to Consequences Some Non-Western Fallacies 6.1 Quibble over Metaphor 6.2 Quibble over Term 6.3 Fallacy of Contradiction 19 20 23 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 З3 33 36 37 37 39 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 46 47 48 49 51 51 52 52 53 55 56 59 59 60 60
Contents 7 6.4 Fal 1 асу of the Unproved 6.5 Inconclusive Fallacy 6.6 Deviant Fallacy Notes Valid and Invalid Argument Forms 7.1 Modus Ponens 7.2 Modus Tollens 7.3 Disjunctive Syllogism 7.4 Hypothetical Syllogism 7.5 Constructive Dilemma 7.6 Fallacy of Denying the Antecedent 7.7 Fallacy of Affirming the Consequent ix 61 62 63 63 65 65 67 68 69 70 72 73 Appendix I: Exercises Part One Part Two Part Three Part Four Part Five Part Six Part Seven Answer Key: Parts Two Through Six Part Two Part Three Part Four Part Five Part Six Notes 77 77 78 79 80 82 83 84 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 Appendix II: Aristotle on the Law of Non-Contradiction Excerpts 91 91 Appendix III: Bertrand Russell on Truth and Falsehood Excerpts 97 97 Glossary of Logic and Critical Thinking Terms 105 Recommended Reading 109 Bibliography 111 Index 115 About the Author 117
Critical thinking is needed now more than ever. This accessible and engaging book provides the necessary tools to question and challenge the discourse that surrounds us—whether in the media, the classroom, or everyday conversation. Additionally, it offers readers a deeper understanding of the foundations of analytical thought. Informal Logical Fallacies: A Brief Guide, Revised Edition is a systematic and concise introduction to more than fifty fallacies, from anthropomorphism and argumentum ad baculum to reductionism and the slippery slope argument. This revised edition includes updated examples, exercises, and a new chapter on non-Western logical fallacies. With helpful definitions and relevant explanations, the author guides the reader through the realms of fallacious reasoning and deceptive rhetoric. This is an essential guide to philosophical reflection and clear thinking.
|
| adam_txt |
Contents Preface xi Introduction What Is an Informal Logical Fallacy? The Importance of Studying Informal Logical Fallacies What Is an Argument? Characteristics of Critical Thinking 1 2 Linguistic Fallacies 1.1 F allacy of Division 1.2 Fallacy of Composition 1.3 Vagueness 1.4 Equivocation 1.5 Weak Analogy 1.6 Pseudo-Profundity 1.7 Inflation 1.8 False Certainty 1.9 Fallacy of Definition Notes Fallacies of Omission 2.1 Bifurcation 2.2 False Dilemma 2.3 Argumentom Ad Ignorantiam 2.4 Shifting the Burden of Proof 2.5 Straw Argument 2.6 Reductionism 2.7 Fallacy of Psychologism 2.8 Perfectionist Fallacy vii xiii xiii xiv xiv xv 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 11 11 12 13 15 15 16 17 18
viii 3 4 5 6 Contents 2.9 Fallacy of the Unknowable Fact 2.10 Willed Ignorance Fallacies of Intrusion 3.1 Argumentum Ad Hominem, Abusive 3.2 Argumentum Ad Hominem, Circumstantial 3.3 Argumentum Ad Hominem, Postmortem 3.4 Argumentum Ad Verecundiam 3.5 Argumentum Ad Baculum 3.6 Appeal to Common Knowledge 3.7 Genetic Fallacy 3.8 Argumentum Ad Populum 3.9 Appeal to Tradition 3.10 Tu Quoque 3.11 Two Wrongs Make a Right 3.12 Red Herring 3.13 Ignoratio Elenchi 3.14 Argumentum Ad Crumenam 3.15 Argumentum Ad Misericordiam Fallacies with Built-In Assumptions 4.1 Petitio Principii 4.2 Complex Question 4.3 Appeal to Human Nature 4.4 Is-Ought Fallacy 4.5 Projection 4.6 Appeal to Anecdotal Evidence 4.7 Narcissist Fallacy 4.8 Anthropomorphism 4.9 Fallacy of Efficiency 4.10 The Exception Disproves the Rule 4.11 Subjectivist Fallacy Notes Causal Fallacies 5.1 Fallacy of the F alse Cause 5.2 Fallacy of the Single Cause 5.3 Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc 5.4 Slippery Slope 5.5 Gambler’s Fallacy 5.6 Appeal to Consequences Some Non-Western Fallacies 6.1 Quibble over Metaphor 6.2 Quibble over Term 6.3 Fallacy of Contradiction 19 20 23 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 З3 33 36 37 37 39 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 46 47 48 49 51 51 52 52 53 55 56 59 59 60 60
Contents 7 6.4 Fal 1 асу of the Unproved 6.5 Inconclusive Fallacy 6.6 Deviant Fallacy Notes Valid and Invalid Argument Forms 7.1 Modus Ponens 7.2 Modus Tollens 7.3 Disjunctive Syllogism 7.4 Hypothetical Syllogism 7.5 Constructive Dilemma 7.6 Fallacy of Denying the Antecedent 7.7 Fallacy of Affirming the Consequent ix 61 62 63 63 65 65 67 68 69 70 72 73 Appendix I: Exercises Part One Part Two Part Three Part Four Part Five Part Six Part Seven Answer Key: Parts Two Through Six Part Two Part Three Part Four Part Five Part Six Notes 77 77 78 79 80 82 83 84 85 86 86 87 87 88 88 Appendix II: Aristotle on the Law of Non-Contradiction Excerpts 91 91 Appendix III: Bertrand Russell on Truth and Falsehood Excerpts 97 97 Glossary of Logic and Critical Thinking Terms 105 Recommended Reading 109 Bibliography 111 Index 115 About the Author 117
Critical thinking is needed now more than ever. This accessible and engaging book provides the necessary tools to question and challenge the discourse that surrounds us—whether in the media, the classroom, or everyday conversation. Additionally, it offers readers a deeper understanding of the foundations of analytical thought. Informal Logical Fallacies: A Brief Guide, Revised Edition is a systematic and concise introduction to more than fifty fallacies, from anthropomorphism and argumentum ad baculum to reductionism and the slippery slope argument. This revised edition includes updated examples, exercises, and a new chapter on non-Western logical fallacies. With helpful definitions and relevant explanations, the author guides the reader through the realms of fallacious reasoning and deceptive rhetoric. This is an essential guide to philosophical reflection and clear thinking. |
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| title_sort | informal logical fallacies a brief guide |
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