The history of Poland and its socio-political system up to 1138:
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Bydgoszcz
Wydawnictwo Czarna Perła
2021
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register Register // Sachregister |
| Beschreibung: | 488 Seiten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788396087614 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | The history of Poland
and its socio-political system
up to 1138
Bydgf oszcz 2021
Table of Contents
Chapter I
Selected hypotheses regarding the political system of the lands between
the Elbe and Oder rivers in the ninth and 10th centuries Legends and
stories as a source of research 19
Main hypotheses 19
The early history of the Piast lands The rise of Poland in legends and
tales 21
The Popielids, Serbs and the Croats The Obodrites Lechia Great
Moravia 26
A ploughman, that is, Zwentibold/ Svatopluk 30
Popiel, the prince of the Svatodorans, Greater Poland and Kuyavia, of
pro-Saxon orientation? 32
The Popielids in Polish chronicles, including Anonymus
called Gallus 36
Carnuntum - the stronghold of (Tiberius) Gracchus The legend of Ro
man legions adopted by Great Moravia and then by the Polish state
Kruszwicas The beginnings of states 37
The Popielids and other dynasties 37
Tribal situation in Polabia The Obodrites 41
Osserich means Oster-reich? 43
The genealogy of the Piasts 43
The establishment of the state
The Duchy of Kruszwica-Poznari 47
The Viking option 48
The inflow from Schleswig 49
The Great Moravian option 49
The indigenous option 50
The Varangians and Rus 51
Ckapter II
The beginnings of the Polish state 55
General issues 55
The state of Mieszko I 56
The meaning of the names 58
Boleslaw (Boleslaw, Boleslaus) 58
Mieszko (Misaca) 59
Czcibor (Tshibor) 59
The threat from the Veleti and Wichmann 59
The tribute from 963 in the classical sense 60
Mieszko assumes power over the eastern bank of the Warta, remaining in
the Methodian rite (?) 60
The issue of the Diocese of Poznari The tribute up to the River Warta - to
the estuary or to the river course The Latin option 62
Hie political background of Mieszko s baptism and relations with the
Czechs 63
Mieszko s baptism - in the Methodian rite? 65
The fight with Hodo as a consequence of the collapse of the Eastern
March 66
The location of the Battle of Cedynia 67
The reorientation of international politics in the state of Mieszko I after 977
Mieszko - a friend of the emperor 67
Margrave Mieszko 68
The doctrine of restitution of Great Moravia versus Adelaide the White
The reorientation of the political thought of the Piasts after 963 and its
legal-political consequences for the sons of Boleslaw I 71
The political nature of the marriage of Adelaide called the White The Pi-
ast ideology of restoration of Great Moravia Boleslaw I, the son of Miesz
ko, seeks political rapprochement with the Saxons 73
Adelaide of the Piast dynasty, Knegini, called the White 75
The sons of Mieszko I 76
Swietopelk (c 978/980 - c 1031/1033), the son of Mieszko I, the ruler of
Western Pomerania (?) 77
Dietrich 79
The Piasts versus the Moymirid dynasty 80
The Dagome iudex 84
The hypotheses about the state system at the turn of the 10th and 11th
centuries and the way of inheritance 84
The first interpretation - the disinheritance of Boleslaw the Great 85
The second interpretation - Mesco is not a name, but a state function 86
The third interpretation Mieszko strives to create an (arch) bishopric 87
The fourth interpretation The allocation of the inheritance domain to sons
from the second marriage of Mieszko I 88
The fifth Interpretation The dower, regnum for Oda and her sons on the
western side of the River Oder 89
The sixth Interpretation The Dagome iudex connects Oda with Dagobert s
state 91
The fragmentation of the inheritance domain after Mieszko I 91
Boleslaw Chrobry alias Traba in the opinion of chroniclers 94
The political compromise of the heirs of Mieszko I - the brotherly agree
ment around the year 995 95
The case of Mieszko II and the land and power inherited by Boleslaw I 99
The special position of Boleslaw I and taking control over the state despite
existing arrangement 102
Mieszko, the son of Mieszko I, a would-be king 105
Boleslaw I Traba aka Chrobry - the leader of the pro-Ottonian and pro-Latin
options among the Slavs 107
Boleslaw Chabri aka Traba - the duke of the Reich and the emperor of the
Slavs Boleslaw I aspires to the imperial diadem 108
The empire of the Slavs 108
The Piast-Moravian concept and the sons of Boleslaw the Great 109
Bezprym and the Duchy of Nitra 112
The independent Bishopric of Poznari, the Archbishopric of Gniezno 113
The competition of liturgical rites The existence of the Dagome iudex sup
ports the justification of the institution of the Archbishopric of Gniezno 116
The location of the Piast Church metropolis 117
Canonical, legal-political and diocesan competition in the Reich 117
The Congress of Gniezno The course of the Congress The establishment
of a Church metropolis in the Piast state 117
Reinbern s Bishopric in Salz-Kolberg 119
Boleslaw - the duke-elector of the Reich, patrician and Augustus? 120
Boleslaw the Great, a would-be emperor of the Slavs? A legal intervention
or invasion of Meissen and Bohemia by Boleslaw 123
Boleslaw converts the Prussians at the Gulf of Gdansk or in Western
Pomerania 126
The West Pomeranian evangelizing mission of St Adalbert 126
The Baltic Policy of Boleslaw Traba Boleslaw takes advantage of the
Christian doctrine to take control over the Baltic trade routes 128
A religious rite within the Piast territories The issue of Boleslaw I s with
drawal of support for the Roman Church 130
Bishop Unger, provost of Magdeburg Prague-Poznari Metropolis 131
Bruno of Querfurt and the significance of his evangelizing mission to
determine the relationship of the Salic dynasty with the Rurikids 135
The influence of the Saxon policy on the ideology of the Piasts in the field
of international politics 138
The policy of Boleslaw I towards Rus and its relationship with the policy
towards the Reich 139
The daughters of Boleslaw 140
A political and military conflict between the Piasts and the Reich after the
death of Otto III The actual diarchy of father and son in the Piast state 141
The second stage of the political conflict Boleslaw, by refusing to do homage
from Bohemia, runs the risk of a war with the Reich 142
The political conflict turns into a military one The first Piast war with the
Reich The Treaty of Poznari, the second Treaty of Merseburg 142
The empire withdraws from the alliance with the pagan Slavs The alliance
with the Piasts 145
A diarchy in the Piast state in 1013-1025 145
The Treaty of Merseburg in 1013 The homage of the Piasts 146
Mieszko II (990-1034) 151
The war with the Reich between 1015-1018 and the way of exercising
power in the Piast state between 1014-1025 The eastern policy of the
Piasts The Polian-Sclavenian principate 152
The mission of Mieszko II to Bohemia from 1014 The activity of the Pi
asts 153
The direct political background of the outbreak of the Piast-German war
in 1015 154
Hie military supply base of the Piast-German conflict 155
The war of 1015 and 1017 156
The Peace of Bautzen recreates the political status quo from the begin
ning of the century 158
The Polian-Sclavenian principate 161
Boleslaw I Traba - the king of Poland 162
The crown on the initiative of the pope 166
The undivided family property 169
The records of the chronicle by Vincent Kadlubek and the division of the
paternal domain 170
Fee tail 171
The system of exercising provincial power in the Piast state in the first
quarter of the 11th century 172
The models of political systems 173
Mieszko II - the king of Poland against the will of the king of Germany
Mieszko attacks trying to overthrow the emperor of the Reich or is he
defending his patrimony? 176
King Mieszko II and the war between Poland and the Reich The attack
on the empire or the misidentification of the invasion of Saxony by the
Obodrites The general situation in Poland and the Reich after 1025 178
The invasion of Saxony from 1028 181
The Obodrites and the Saxons in the first quarter of the 11th century
Obotrite Prince Gottschalk versus Mieszko II 182
The decline of Christianity in Poland during the Salic dynasty Change in
social relations in Poland in the first half of the 11th century Changes in
the ideology of the state among the rulers of the Reich 182
The issue of dating events according to Ruthenian chronicles 183
The wakening of the influence of the Latin Church in Poland The general
international situation at the beginning of the 11th century and the current
situation in the Piast state 183
Land heirs in the Piast domain and the change of the army model 185
The Rus people and the situation in the Piast lands 186
The king of Germany and the emperor recognizes the royal status of
Mieszko II The situation of the Piast state in the 30s of the 11th century 188
The collapse of the political concept of the Salic dynasty in relation to
Poland The recreation of the events of 1031 188
International prerequisites of the Piast-German conflict at the turn of the
20s and 30s of the 11th century 189
Tetrarch Mieszko 192
Otto-Bezprym 193
Theuderic, Theodoric, Dietrich 194
The legal-political interpretation of the method of the fragmentation of the
Piast state by Conrad II Salic as a consequence of Mieszko II s submission
to the imperial grace 195
A summary of Mieszko II s reign and the political doctrine of the mid-11th
century The classical version of events 196
The architecture of sacred buildings as an element of the recognition of
Polish history 198
A summary of the period 1025-1034 200
The Billung dynasty and Mieszko II 204
Mieszko II summons his son Casimir called the Restorer to the country 207
Emeric (Imre, Henry), the son of King Stephen Prince Wazul/ Vazul of
Nitra 210
The Benedictine Pannonhalma Archabbey The history of the Piast dynasty 213
Otto, the son of Boleslaw 216
Otto: a Piast or Swabian, and Casimir and other district heirs Casimir in
the monastery 217
Boleslaw the Forgotten 226
Interregnum 228
Ckapter III 231
The restoration of the state 233
Casimir - a mysterious heir of Mieszko II 233
Casimir - a Serbian name Charles 234
Maria Dobroniega (the daughter of Vladimir/ Yaroslav/ Roman?) 236
A monk rebuilds the state 237
The restoration of the state by Casimir 240
More on monastic vows of Casimir 243
Aron, the abbot of Tyniec, the bishop of Cracow 244
The children of Casimir known as the Restorer A clash of the concept of
universal power A new form of an empire The period of full subjection of
the Piast state to the Reich during the times of Boleslaw the Generous 246
The order of births of the children of Casimir the Restorer and the dating
of these events 249
The regency council over Boleslaw the Generous 252
The situation in Rus 252
The location of Gradec and the chronology of the reign of Boleslaw Lar-
gus 254
The political background of Boleslaw II s expedition in Kiev 256
Jaromir 258
The royal court in Meissen regarding Polish-Czech affairs 259
A sovereign policy of the Piast state in the times of Boleslaw the Generous
towards the Reich 261
Boleslaw the Generous aka the Brave - the king of Poland 264
Boleslaw II called the Generous is toppled from the throne, Introductory
issues 265
The conflict between the king and the bishop 266
Queen Sophia (Arete Dukaina, the wife of Boleslaw Largus?) 272
The penance of Boleslaw Largus 275
The return of Mieszko, the son of Boleslaw 278
The Kalisz Land - the dower of Dobroniega and the capital of the state? 287
The Regensburg memorial 288
Eupraxia alias Praxedes alias Adelaide or Catherine Vsevolodovna, the
wife of Mieszko, the son of Boleslaw 290
The situation in the Piast state after 1086 292
The elements of Zbigniew s conflict with his father Hie fragmentation of
the state and the inheritance from Mieszko, the son of Boleslaw 294
Wladyslaw, the son of Casmir, called Herman 301
Tribute from Silesia 304
The rebellion of Zbigniew 306
Gallus on Zbigniew s rebellion Inheritance under the Piast legislation 307
Zbigniew, the son of Wladyslaw, the grandson of Spytihnev II of Bohemia? 308
Judith Maria of the Salic dynasty (of Swabia, Franconia, Hungary), in
Poland called Sophia (?) versus Herman and Sieciech 310
The reimbursement of expenses of military expeditions 311
The release of Zbigniew from a nunnery in Saxony 314
The rebellion of Zbigniew and the international situation of the Piast state 317
Sieciech and Zbigniew versus Ladislaus I the Saint 320
The conquest of Cracow by Ladislaus I the Saint 321
The second stage of Zbigniew s rebellion in Kruszwica 322
Herman s retaliatory raid on Moravia 328
The rebellion of the juniors 330
Wladyslaw Herman s will 334
The Polish Church in the days of Herman 336
Golden crosses from Bamberg 339
Chapter IV
The Polish state in the 12th century The authorities of the early Piast
state Magnates and provincial governors and their executive apparatus
A court, an assembly, the princely council 345
Tributes 350
Armed forces of the Piast state 351
The dogma of undivided princely authority restrains historical reasoning
Inheritance law as a cognitive alternative 356
The further fortunes of the dynasty and the state 358
Junior (?) Boleslaw versus senior (?) Zbigniew Years 1102-1108 in the
history of the Piast dynasty 359
The history of the Piast state The first marriage of Boleslaw III, the son of
Wladyslaw and dynastic matters International tension increased
Henry Vs invasion of Poland in 1109
The penance of Boleslaw III in Hungary
The rebellion of Skarbimir
The changing relations of the Piasts with the Ruthenian princes in the
years 1108-1130 380
The Concordat of Worms in 1122 The international situation at the turn of
the second and third decades of the 12th century 381
The Reich subordinates Boleslaw III The loss of the Church metropolis
cools down the ambitions of Boleslaw III The emperor pursues pax Chris
tiana policy 384
The dissolution of the Gniezno metropolis and the Saxon progress in
Western Pomerania 390
Merseburg 1135 394
Ckapter V
Pomerania in the politics of Wladyslaw, Zbigniew and Boleslaw
The history of Pomerania, General issues 403
History of Pomerania in early Middle Ages 405
Eastern and Western Pomerania One or two countries Confederation or
federation 413
Zbigniew and Pomerania 420
Boleslaw, the son of Wladyslaw, and Pomeranian affairs 421
Classical views on the actions of Boleslaw III in Eastern Pomerania 424
Western and Near-Oder Pomerania 425
The political and canonical background of the mission of St Otto of Bam
berg in Pomerania 428
The Piast affairs and their political relations with the Rus people 432
Naclam upon Peene 434
The second mission of Otto of Bamberg versus Piast-German relation
ships 436
Ckapter VI
The territorial formation of the Piast state at the end of the reign of
Boleslaw III Curvus succession statutes
The will of Boleslaw III General issues 443
Index of topics 455
Other indexes 473
Bibliography 479
Table of Contents Chapter I Selected hypotheses regarding the political system of the lands between the Elbe and Oder rivers in the ninth and 10th centuries. Legends and stories as a source of research 19 Main hypotheses 19 The early history of the Piast lands. The rise of Poland in legends and tales 21 The Popielids, Serbs and the Croats. The Obodrites. Lechia. Great Moravia 26 A ploughman, that is, Zwentibold/ Svatopluk 30 Popiel, the prince of the Svatodorans, Greater Poland and Kuyavia, of pro-Saxon orientation? 32 The Popielids in Polish chronicles, including Anonymus called Gallus 36 Carnuntum - the stronghold of (Tiberius) Gracchus. The legend of Ro man legions adopted by Great Moravia and then by the Polish state. Kruszwicas. The beginnings of states. 37 The Popielids and other dynasties 37 Tribal situation in Polabia. The Obodrites Osserich means Oster-reich? 41 The genealogy of the Piasts 43 43 The establishment of the state. The Duchy of Kruszwica-Poznań 47 The Viking option 48 The inflow from Schleswig 49 The Great Moravian option 49 The indigenous option 50 The Varangians and Rus’ 51 5
Ckapter II The beginnings of the Polish state 55 General issues 55 The state of Mieszko I 56 The meaning of the names 58 Bolesław (Boleslaw, Boleslaus) 58 Mieszko (Misaca) 59 Czcibor (Tshibor) 59 The threat from the Veleti and Wichmann 59 The tribute from 963 in the classical sense 60 Mieszko assumes power over the eastern bank of the Warta, remaining in the Methodian rite (?) 60 The issue of the Diocese of Poznań. The tribute up to the River Warta - to the estuary or to the river course. The Latin option 62 The political background of Mieszko’s baptism and relations with the Czechs 63 Mieszko’s baptism ֊ in the Methodian rite? 65 The fight with Hodo as a consequence of the collapse of the Eastern March 66 The location of the Battle of Cedynia 67 The reorientation of international politics in the state of Mieszko I after 977 Mieszko - a friend of the emperor 67 Margrave Mieszko 68 The doctrine of restitution of Great Moravia versus Adelaide the White. The reorientation of the political thought of the Piasts after 963 and its legal-political consequences for the sons of Bolesław I 71 The political nature of the marriage of Adelaide called the White. The Pi ast ideology of restoration of Great Moravia Bolesław I, the son of Miesz ko, seeks political rapprochement with the Saxons 73 Adelaide of the Piast dynasty, Knegini, called the White 75 The sons of Mieszko I 76 Swietopelk (c. 978/980 - c. 1031/1033), the son of Mieszko I, the ruler of Western Pomerania (?) 6 77
Dietrich The Piasts versus the Moymirid dynasty 79 80 The Dagome iudex 84 The hypotheses about the state system at the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries and the way of inheritance The first interpretation - the disinheritance of Bolesław the Great 84 85 The second interpretation - Mesco is not a name, but a state function 86 The third interpretation. Mieszko strives to create an (arch) bishopric 87 The fourth interpretation. The allocation of the inheritance domain to sons from the second marriage of Mieszko I 88 The fifth Interpretation. The dower, regnum for Oda and her sons on the western side of the River Oder 89 The sixth Interpretation. The Dagome iudex connects Oda with Dagobert’s state 91 The fragmentation of the inheritance domain after Mieszko I 91 Bolesław Chrobry alias Traba in the opinion of chroniclers 94 The political compromise of the heirs of Mieszko I - the brotherly agree ment around the year 995 95 The case of Mieszko II and the land and power inherited by Bolesław I 99 The special position of Bolesław I and taking control over the state despite existing arrangement 102 Mieszko, the son of Mieszko I, a would-be king 105 Bolesław I Traba aka Chrobry ֊ the leader of the pro-Ottonian and pro-Latin options among the Slavs 107 Bolesław Chabri aka Traba ֊ the duke of the Reich and the emperor of the Slavs. Bolesław I aspires to the imperial diadem The empire of the Slavs 108 108 The Piast-Moravian concept and the sons of Bolesław the Great 109 Bezprym and the Duchy of Nitra 112 The independent Bishopric of Poznań, the Archbishopric of Gniezno 113 The
competition of liturgical rites. The existence of the Dagome iudex sup ports the justification of the institution of the Archbishopric of Gniezno 116 The location of the Piast Church metropolis 117 7
Canonical, legal-political and diocesan competition in the Reich 117 The Congress of Gniezno. The course of the Congress. The establishment of a Church metropolis in the Piast state 117 Reinbern’s Bishopric in Salz-Kolberg 119 Bolesław ֊ the duke-elector of the Reich, patrician and Augustus? 120 Bolesław the Great, a would-be emperor of the Slavs? A legal intervention or invasion of Meissen and Bohemia by Bolesław 123 Bolesław “converts” the Prussians at the Gulf of Gdansk or in Western Pomerania 126 The West Pomeranian evangelizing mission of St. Adalbert 126 The Baltic Policy of Bolesław Traba. Bolesław takes advantage of the Christian doctrine to take control over the Baltic trade routes 128 A religious rite within the Piast territories. The issue of Bolesław ľs with drawal of support for the Roman Church 130 Bishop Unger, provost of Magdeburg. Prague-Poznań Metropolis 131 Bruno of Querfurt and the significance of his evangelizing mission to determine the relationship of the Salic dynasty with the Rurikids 135 The influence of the Saxon policy on the ideology of the Piasts in the field of international politics 138 The policy of Bolesław I towards Rus’ and its relationship with the policy towards the Reich 139 The daughters of Bolesław 140 A political and military conflict between the Piasts and the Reich after the death of Otto III. The actual diarchy of father and son in the Piast state 141 The second stage of the political conflict Bolesław, by refusing to do homage from Bohemia, runs the risk of a war with the Reich 142 The political conflict turns into a military
one. The first Piast war with the Reich. The Treaty of Poznań, the second Treaty of Merseburg 142 The empire withdraws from the alliance with the pagan Slavs. The alliance with the Piasts A diarchy in the Piast state in 1013-1025 The Treaty of Merseburg in 1013. The homage of the Piasts 145 145 146 Mieszko II (990-1034) 151 8
The war with the Reich between 1015-1018 and the way of exercising power in the Piast state between 1014-1025. The eastern policy of the Piasts. The Polian-Sclavenian principate 152 The mission of Mieszko II to Bohemia from 1014. The activity of the Pi asts 153 The direct political background of the outbreak of the Piast-German war in 1015 154 The military supply base of the Piast-German conflict 155 The war of 1015 and 1017 156 The Peace of Bautzen recreates the political status quo from the begin ning of the century 158 The Polian-Sclavenian principate 161 Bolesław I Traba - the king of Poland 162 The crown on the initiative of the pope 166 The undivided family property 169 The records of the chronicle by Vincent Kadłubek and the division of the paternal domain 170 Fee tail 171 The system of exercising provincial power in the Piast state in the first quarter of the 11th century 172 The models of political systems 173 Mieszko II - the king of Poland against the will of the king of Germany. Mieszko attacks trying to overthrow the emperor of the Reich or is he defending his patrimony? 176 King Mieszko II and the war between Poland and the Reich. The attack on the empire or the misidentification of the invasion of Saxony by the Obodrites. The general situation in Poland and the Reich after 1025 178 The invasion of Saxony from 1028 181 The Obodrites and the Saxons in the first quarter of the 11th century. Obotrite Prince Gottschalk versus Mieszko II 182 The decline of Christianity in Poland during the Salic dynasty. Change in social relations in Poland in the first half of
the 11th century. Changes in the ideology of the state among the rulers of the Reich 182 9
The issue of dating events according to Ruthenian chronicles 183 The wakening of the influence of the Latin Church in Poland. The general international situation at the beginning of the 11th century and the current situation in the Piast state 183 Land heirs in the Piast domain and the change of the army model 185 The Rus’ people and the situation in the Piast lands 186 The king of Germany and the emperor recognizes the royal status of Mieszko IL The situation of the Piast state in the 30s of the 11th century 188 The collapse of the political concept of the Salic dynasty in relation to Poland. The recreation of the events of 1031 188 International prerequisites of the Piast-German conflict at the turn of the 20s and 30s of the 11th century 189 Tetrarch Mieszko Otto-Bezprym 192 193 Theuderic, Theodoric, Dietrich 194 The legal-political interpretation of the method of the fragmentation of the Piast state by Conrad II Salic as a consequence of Mieszko IPs submission to the imperial grace 195 A summary of Mieszko Il’s reign and the political doctrine of the mid-llth century. The classical version of events 196 The architecture of sacred buildings as an element of the recognition of Polish history A summary of the period 1025-1034 198 200 The Billung dynasty and Mieszko II 204 Mieszko II summons his son Casimir called the Restorer to the countiy 207 Emeric (Imre, Henry), the son of King Stephen. Prince Wazul/ Vazul of Nitra 210 The Benedictine Pannonhalma Archabbey. The history of the Piast dynasty 213 Otto, the son of Bolesław 216 Otto: a Piast or Swabian, and Casimir and other
district heirs. Casimir in the monastery 217 Bolesław the Forgotten 226 Interregnum 228 10
Chapter III 231 The restoration of the state 233 Casimir - a mysterious heir of Mieszko II 233 Casimir - a Serbian name. Charles Maria Dobroniega (the daughter of Vladimir/ Yaroslav/ Roman?) 234 A monk rebuilds the state 237 The restoration of the state by Casimir 240 More on monastic vows of Casimir 243 Aron, the abbot of Tyniec, the bishop of Cracow 244 236 The children of Casimir known as the Restorer. A clash of the concept of universal power. A new form of an empire. The period of full subjection of the Piast state to the Reich during the times of Bolesław the Generous 246 The order of births of the children of Casimir the Restorer and the dating of these events 249 The regency council over Bolesław the Generous 252 The situation in Rus’ 252 The location of Gradec and the chronology of the reign of Bolesław Lar gus 254 The political background of Bolesław IPs expedition in Kiev 256 Jaromir 258 The royal court in Meissen regarding Polish-Czech affairs 259 A sovereign policy of the Piast state in the times of Bolesław the Generous towards the Reich 261 Bolesław the Generous aka the Brave - the king of Poland 264 Bolesław II called the Generous is toppled from the throne, Introductory issues 265 The conflict between the king and the bishop 266 Queen Sophia (Arete Dukaina, the wife of Bolesław Largus?) 272 The penance of Bolesław Largus 275 The return of Mieszko, the son of Bolesław 278 The Kalisz Land - the dower of Dobroniega and the capital of the state? 287 The Regensburg memorial 288 Eupraxia alias Práxedes alias Adelaide or Catherine Vsevolodovna, the wife of
Mieszko, the son of Bolesław 290 11
The situation in the Piast state after 1086 292 The elements of Zbigniew’s conflict with his father. The fragmentation of the state and the inheritance from Mieszko, the son of Bolesław 294 Władysław, the son of Casmir, called Herman 301 Tribute from Silesia 304 The rebellion of Zbigniew 306 Gallus on Zbigniew’s rebellion. Inheritance under the Piast legislation 307 Zbigniew, the son of Władysław, the grandson of Spytihnev II of Bohemia? 308 Judith Maria of the Salic dynasty (of Swabia, Franconia, Hungary), in Poland called Sophia (?) versus Herman and Sieciech 310 The reimbursement of expenses of military expeditions 311 The release of Zbigniew from a nunnery in Saxony 314 The rebellion of Zbigniew and the international situation of the Piast state 317 Sieciech and Zbigniew versus Ladislaus I the Saint 320 The conquest of Cracow by Ladislaus I the Saint 321 The second stage of Zbigniew’s rebellion in Kruszwica 322 Herman’s retaliatory raid on Moravia 328 The rebellion of the juniors 330 Władysław Herman’s will 334 The Polish Church in the days of Herman 336 Golden crosses from Bamberg 339 Chapter IV The Polish state in the 12th century. The authorities of the early Piast state. Magnates and provincial governors and their executive apparatus. A court, an assembly, the princely council 345 Tributes 350 Armed forces of the Piast state 351 The dogma of undivided princely authority restrains historical reasoning. Inheritance law as a cognitive alternative The further fortunes of the dynasty and the state 356 358 Junior (?) Bolesław versus senior (?) Zbigniew. Years 1102-1108 in
the history of the Piast dynasty 359 The history of the Piast state. The first marriage of Bolesław III, the son of 12
Wladyslaw and dynastic matters. International tension increased 366 Henry V’s invasion of Poland in 1109 371 The penance of Bolesław III in Hungary 375 The rebellion of Skarbimir 377 The changing relations of the Piasts with the Ruthenian princes in the years 1108-1130 380 The Concordat of Worms in 1122. The international situation at the turn of the second and third decades of the 12th century 381 The Reich subordinates Bolesław III. The loss of the Church metropolis cools down the ambitions of Bolesław III. The emperor pursues pax Chris 384 tiana policy The dissolution of the Gniezno metropolis and the Saxon progress in Western Pomerania 390 Merseburg 1135 394 Chapter V Pomerania in the politics of Władysław, Zbigniew and Bolesław The history of Pomerania, General issues 403 History of Pomerania in early Middle Ages 405 Eastern and Western Pomerania. One or two countries. Confederation or federation 413 Zbigniew and Pomerania 420 Bolesław, the son of Władysław, and Pomeranian affairs 421 Classical views on the actions of Bolesław III in Eastern Pomerania 424 Western and Near-Oder Pomerania 425 The political and canonical background of the mission of St. Otto of Bam berg in Pomerania 428 The Piast affairs and their political relations with the Rus’ people 432 434 Naciam upon Peene The second mission of Otto of Bamberg versus Piast-German relation ships 436 13
The territorial formation of the Piast state at the end of the reign of Bolesław III. Curvus’ succession statutes The will of Bolesław IIL General issues 443 Index of topics Other indexes Bibliography 455 473 479
Acquisition of crown by Mieszko II as beginning of his political problems 196 Adelaide the White - figure excluded by historiography 76 Affairs of Breslau and Bohemia and rebellion of juniors Alleged and actual heirs of power after Mieszko II Alleged invasion of Saxony 332 197 181 Alleged reasons for state weakening 184 Alliance between Bolesław and Sviatopolk the Accursed Alliance with Přemyslids (?) strengthens Piasts Analysis of Hungarian chronicles 274 Analysis of sources versus dates of entries Architecture determines political position 139 57 289 198 Are Unger’s connections with Magdeburg only apparent? 131 Aron brings dispensation? He is to control Lesser Poland 245 Aron comes to Poland to recreate Church 244 Assumption of power by Herman 302 В Bailiff and voivode 59 Baptism of Mieszko and arrival of Jordan 62 Beginnings of Lothair of Supplinburg’s reign 383 Beginnings of state - in Lusatian Kruszwica 22 Bezprym as sovereign ruler 111 Bezprym’s relations with Moravia and Pannonia Bezprym wants to save country 112 193 Bishop Stanislaus interferes in king’s eastern plans? 267 Bolesław anticipates Zbigniew’s attack with Ruthenian reinforcements 366 Bolesław as Caesar of Slavs? 109 Bolesław breaks up coalition of Zbigniew’s allies 362 Bolesław Curvus intervenes in Bohemia and gains political advantage over his brother 374 Bolesław Curvus kills his brother. He is in danger of losing power 375 457
Bolesław Curvus misjudges international situation by downplaying ultimatum 372 Bolesław does homage to king of Germany. What for? 150,151,152 Bolesław Generous ֊ firstborn son, but from which marriage of his father 253 Bolesław Generous is involved in Ruthenian affairs 256 Bolesław I does not support Bruno, however, buys back his body Bolesław III and Pomeranian affairs 137 421, 422 Bolesław III and Svatopluk of Pomerania 423 Bolesław III Curvus is cornered politically and canonically 390 Bolesław III in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 435 Bolesław is excluded from circle of Henry’s vassals 154 Bolesław is recognized as member of Imperial Senate 123 Bolesław I takes advantage of the existing canonical situation Bolesław I Traba supports Latin Church 116 115 Bolesław Largus crowned without emperor’s consent 264 Bolesław Largus in minor dispute with Bohemia 259 Bolesław Largus is building Polish-Hungarian-Saxon alliance? Bolesław Largus’ son 261 279 Bolesław opts for Slavic-Greek Church 168 Bolesław proposes peace in return for being recognised as leader of Slavs 125 Bolesław provokes Zbigniew 361 Boleslaw’s role in Lusatia Bolesław strives for Lusatia 142 144 Bolesław the Brave - ally of Saxons and Reich 138 Bolesław the Brave does not appear in Dagome. Why? 85 Bolesław wants to seize Meissen - strategic key to Lusatia Byzantine trace of Largus’ marriage 124 278 c Cancellation of Matilda’s engagement opens way for Casimir to power? 230 Canonical and political motif of Adalbert’s West Pomeranian 458
expedition 128 Canonical causes of conflict between king and bishop of Cracow 265 Canonical impediments prevent Mieszko IPs marriage? 206 Casimir as fruit of his father’s relationship with daughter of Billung? Casimir conquers Mazovia. Efforts at Silesia 241 Casimir in Brauweiler, Liege or Cluny 243 Casimir is rebuilding country, but has problem with Church Casimir promotes his own dynastic line 242 225 Casimir Restorer builds coalition against his cousin 216 Casimir Restorer recreates state by unifying provinces Casimir Restorer s first return to Poland 205 246 208 Casimir returns to Kalisz and tries to pursue independent policy 204 Casimir’s dispensation related to monkhood or marriage? Casimir’s second (?) visit to Poland 249 239 Casimir’s two marriages. One with Charles’ widow? 248 Chancellery among Piasts. Division of administration 347 Change of political front by Denmark as reason for fall of Mieszko II? 190 Changing fortunes of Third Lusatian War. Peace Treaty 158 “Child came to throne’” 209 Christianisation of Pomerania 429 Christianization marks the end of Popielid dynasty 26 Chronicle manipulations twist history of Poland 373 Chronicle records and Boleslaw Curvus’ inheritance statutes Church and power in Poland 451 175 Classical historiography interprets first war between brothers Conflict among heirs of Mieszko I 370 95 Conflict between Obodrites and Saxons versus Mieszko II 182 Conflict of legal orders as evidence of Casimir’s two marriages? 252 Conflicts among Boleslaw Ill’s sons 448 Conrad II Salic changes his mind about coronation of Mieszko II 180 Conrad II
Salic “perpetrator” of fall of Roman Church in Poland? Conrad II Salic thwarts Piast fee tail 195 189 Consecration of Unger and Diocese of Poznań 114 459
Consequences of fall of Great Moravia 46 Consequences of recognizing authenticity of Gallus’ record 121 Contest of Herman and Mieszko, son of Bolesław, for power Controversial Gradec 255 270 Controversy around Bolesław the Forgotten 228 Coronation as reason for dispute with bishop? Coronations of Piasts from 1025 268 164 Course of Hungarian intervention favourable to Zbigniew 320 Crown for Piasts heralds new political system Crown in Latin world. Authority 165 107 Curvus attains connections with German families 385 Curvus’ international policy 384 Curvus’ penitential pilgrimage following in footsteps of Largus 376 Curvus’ Polabian and Pomeranian policies collide with Saxon one Curvus seeks allies in south, Zbigniew in north 360 Czech attack on Piast eugenics 105 Czech attempt on Bolesław Largus’ live? 271 Czechs are seeking rapprochement with Saxon king 386 Czechs (sic!) free Zbigniew from nunnery 314 D Danes, Obodrites, Saxons 411 Danes-Pomeranians-Saxons 408 Date of Bolesław III Curvus’ death 443 Dating of Břetislav Il’s invasion and fortunes of Casimir Death of Otto II changes political structure of Reich Death of Otto of Mazovia 218 227 71 Decline of state and army at end of Curvus’ reign 356 Dependence of Pomerania on Piasts 416 Developments in Europe and case of Bolesław Curvus 391 Diarchy in Piast state - system of governance Diarchy versus districts 99 100 Dietrich, descendant of Mieszko and Oda? 80 Difficulty in pointing out all suffragans of Gniezno 460 118 387
Diplomacy among vassals 394 Dobroniega’s origin and her “Piast” marriage 237 Donations and dating 290 Dower 288 Duchy of Poznań and Kruszwica - victim of Piasts Dynastic autonomy of Silesia? 34 323 Dynastic relations at time of Mieszko’s return 283 E Eastern policy of Bolesław III Eastern Reich or March? 388 43 Efferus’s marriage as evidence of origin from father’s second marriage? 254 Emeric, son of Stephen and his marriage 211 Emperor intervenes in favour of Zbigniew 371 194 Emperor weakens Mieszko H’s authority F Family names of Piasts. Certainly not Bolesław 83 Fights of Piasts with Pomeranians 433 First war between Henry and Bolesław Four sons within three years? 143 250 Gallus dodges or is he wrong? 316 Gallus’ manipulations distort history of Poland 331 Gallus’s records about Largus in Kiev refute theory of war of 1015 257 “Gazmer” is not Charles 234 Genealogy of Piasts 45 German doubts regarding coronation of Piast Gniezno is gnosis or kniazin, or is it both? 176 33 Gniezno or Szczecin 89 Great deal of information about Bolesław in records from epoch Great Moravia reached Lusatia, and with it, Piasts 94 50 461
H Henry dismisses pagans and makes peace with Bolesław 145 Henry II recognizes position of Bolesław and supports him 159 Herman and his position versus Mieszko, son of Bolesław 285 Herman and his son Zbigniew 293 310 Herman associates with Bohemia. Sieciech Herman is forced by regulations 334 Herman reluctantly buys back crosses 341 Herman’s questionable involvement in overthrowing of his brother 269 Herman’s succession statutes 335 Herman supports emperor 303 Herman versus Mieszko, son of Bolesław 286 Herman versus nephew’s return 282 History of early Piasts of Mazovia 217 History of first Piast state 93 History of Piast dynasty 200 History of Piasts. 81 History of Piasts in mid-30s of 11th century 203 History of Polish Church. Personal details 336, 337,338 History of Pomerania 412 History of Pomerania in 10th century 407 History of Pomerania in early Middle Ages 406 History of Popielids dates back to end of eight century 24 Homage of Mieszko II ends peace negotiations 148 Hungarian-Czech relations and rebellion of Zbigniew 321 Hungarian intervention in Poland 318 Hypotheses regarding origin and biography of Casimir Hypotheses to explain conflict between king and bishop 233 266 I Imperial court versus Polish Church 397 Imperial decisions regarding Bolesław III 396 Increasingly difficult situation of Curvus and his principality 393 Indirect evidence of relationship between Mieszko II and Matilda 207 462
Infantry as basic type of forces of Mieszko I 351 Influence of Bamberg and Regensburg on Polish Church Inheritance after Mieszko I Inheritance among Piasts 92 170 Inheritance and its portion among Piasts Inheritance by Piasts 339 97 84 Inheritance divisions determine history of Poland 357 Inheritance law and relations between Zbigniew and Herman 324, 325 Inheritance, marriage, state decline 367 Inheritance of power after Bolesław 171 Inheritance principles destroy classical version of Piast history 221 Inheritance rules as method of reconstructing number of heirs 101 Inheritance scenarios among Piasts 296 Institution of king and Piast-Greek Church 167 Internal unrest in the days of Curvus 377 International background of Zbigniew’s rebellion 317 Intricacy of Piast genealogy in 11th century 220 Is attack of Rus’ people of 1031 related to dynastic situation? Is Christianity in Lusatia Methodian? 187 65 J Jaromir’s case refutes theory of war with Czechs 258 Judith, emperor’s sister 313 Juridical analysis of Bolesław Curvus’ inheritance principles 449 Juridical aspect of events in Merseburg 395 К Kievan expedition results in new face of Church in Poland 161 L Land apportionment of Bolesław Ill’s sons 447 Largus and Herman’s activities in Pomerania 418 Largus’ political-military involvement in Lusatia and Hungary 262 Lech and Czech, but without Rus 25 463
Legal line of Plasts rules over Mazovia 215 Legionary tales are basis of Polish legends 37 88 Longum mare - is it Baltic Sea or Goplo Lake? Lotharingian patterns as proof of imperial aspirations of Piasts Lusatian Kruszwica is station of Roman legions? 199 35 Lutici. Piasts between Elbe and Oder 42 Μ Many Slavs 58 Marriage and baptism of Mieszko define framework of alliance 64 Marriages of Boleslaw’s daughters as political instrument 140 Marriage to Oda as tool of succession of rights Eckeharding family Marriage to Predslava gives Bolesław rights to Rus’? maybe two strongholds 166 89 Meaning of Casimir’s white flag 240 Meaning of Mesco, mišica and similar 86 Meaning of Otto Ill’s gestures towards Bolesław 122 Mieszko crosses River Warta and does not pay tribute there Mieszko draws Bolesław into politics 68 Mieszko fights for patrimony but succumbs Mieszko I aims to create metropolis Mieszko I ֊ ally of Saxons 63 188 87 67 Mieszko II becomes king without crown. Tetrarch Mieszko II renounces fiefdom to Henry 179 157 Mieszko II wants to strengthen state and dynasty 177 Mieszko is king of north, but long without Vikings 49 Mieszko is seeking peace with Conrad 192 Mieszko represents Saxons Northern March? 69 Mieszko, son of Bolesław the Generous, returns to homeland Mieszko, son of Mieszko I - candidate for king of Pannonia Mieszko’s team is mercenary 352 Misinterpretation of letter twists history 327 Monk “kazi” ”mir” (destroy peace)? 235 Moravian expedition in revenge for Czech invasion 464 328 281 106 160
329 Moravian expedition unrelated to tribute Moravia ֊ Piast key to politics in Pannonia Mutual interest in making peace 73 146 N Naela in Polabia 436 New pope seeks allies against Henry IV 263 Noblemen are searching for Casimir. Dispensation 238 No fleet among Piasts forces alliance with Danes 129 Non-canonicity of Bolesław Curvus’ first marriage Non-division by Władysław II the Exile 369 379 No ruler or problems with identification? 229 No state-type organization between Oder and Vistula 51 Nothing connects Piasts with Vandals beyond the wrong association 21 О Opole (unit of administration) versus undivided property 96 Organization and equipment of Piast army in 11th century 353, 354 Organization of Church creates ideology of power 173 P Pannonian plans of Piasts. Bezprym 110 Pannonian policy of Piasts and its goals 72 Papal bull versus interpretation of statutes of inheritance 450 Patrician, guardian of Church. Dominus Pax Christiana 399 Peace for homage 120 147 Pepin of Italy nominally takes over Thuringia? 27 Periodization of reign of Herman and emperor 304 Piast activity in Western Pomerania 425 Piast-Burgundian-Lotharingian rapprochement 163 Piast dynastic conflict moves to Hungary 213 Piast dynasty 77 Piast interests on Baltic Sea. Only at mouth of River Oder 126 465
Piasts and Danes in Western Pomerania 414 Piasts at mouth of River Oder 426,427 Piasts collaborate with Saxons against Veleti 130 Piasts ֊ commanders of Moravian troops 82 Piasts create an ideology of power over Slavs 108 Piasts cross Oder 47 Piasts, Duchy of Poznań and Kruszwica - victim of 34 Piast’s inheritance and other inheritance systems 98 Piasts in Western Pomerania 78 Piasts of Nitra serve as commanders of Great Moravia in Lusatia 20 Piasts return to imperial or Caesarian plans? 153 Piasts return to Lusatia at expense of homage Piasts - successors of Great Moravia? 149 113 Piasts vs Přemyslids. Rivalry 75 Ploughman of Premislid dynasty = Zwentibold of Lusatia 32 Poland and Burgundy in days of Mieszko II 201 Poland originated in Lusatia 19 Policy in Pannonia following traces of Piasts’ origin there? Policy of Salians towards Poland Polish and German Churches 74 178 117 Polish border in Pomerania 404 Polish Church influenced by policy of Salían dynasty 342 Polish history explains rules of undivided inheritance 301 Polish-Pomeranian relations in chronicles 424 Polish-Ruthenian relations versus Silesia 305 Political and canonical changes in Europe in 12th century 382 Political background of rapprochement between Yaroslav Wise and Casimir Restorer 219 Pomerania 403 Pomerania, Greater Poland, Silesia, Casimir 214 Pomerania in 11th century 410 Pomeranian multi-tribe conflicts 409 Pomeranians disaffiliate Christianity 437 Pomeranians versus Piasts 417 466
Pomerania versus Piasts 413 Pompilus is emperor, but he is not Popiel Pope intervenes in situation in Poland 29 358 Popielids rule at meeting point of Thuringia and Slavic lands Portions of inheritance. Bishoprics in districts 102 Possibility of “Gdansk” mission of St. Adalbert is ruled out Power in Greater Poland 28 127 226 Power inheritance different from apportioning Prague-Poznań metropolis as Unger’s goal? 103 133 Přemyslids from Vltava are gaining advantage over entire region 39 Preserved source on Largus’ penance 276 Princely council. Church. Tribute 349 Princely retinue and state organization 345 Principate breaks or modifies tribal power 162 Principles of inheritance and history of Piast dynasty 223 Principles of inheritance and Piast dynasty 222 Principles of inheritance and provinces among Piasts 299 Principles of inheritance and provinces of state at beginning of 12th century 445 Principles of inheritance of Bolesław Ill’s statutes 452 Principles of undivided inheritance and Herman’s relationship with Zbigniew 294 Prior natu vs maior natu 453 Provinces and assemblies 348 Provinces in Poland 172 R Reasons for rebellion of Skarbimir 378 Reasons of royal penance 275 Reasons why Mieszko II left for Bohemia versus Burgundy 202 Records of Bamberg and history of Church in Poland 340 Regiments of Piast army 355 Reinbern and his missionary functions as bishop of Inowrocław and Kruszwica 119 467
Relations between Piasts and Arpads 280 Reshuffle in Reich after death of Otto III. Piasťs goals Restoration of Gniezno metropolis 141 398 Role of Reinbern in eastern policy of Piasts 174 Role of St. Bruno in eastern policy of Germany Role of Thuringian-Saxon-Slavic borderland 135 44 Romans at the foot of the Carpathians 38 Rules of inheritance east of River Elbe 295 Rules of undivided portion and inheritance explain shape of provinces 224 Ruthenian-German rapprochement in the early 11th century is myth Ruthenian legislation and Casimir’s sons 251 Ruthenian-Piast relations during times of Bolesław Wry-mouth Ruthenian-Piast relationships in days of Curvus 380 381 Ruthenian policy is cause of the defeat in Hungary 389 Ruthenians and Rus’ people versus authority in Poland 186 s Salomea’s dower 446 Sarnowo in Kuyavia, not Żarnowiec on Pilica river 333 Saxon opposition encourages Largus to pursue his own politics Saxons 414 Search for wife of Mieszko, son of Boleslaw, in Rus’ Second Pomeranian mission of St. Otto 291,292 438 Serbs organise power in Lusatia 30 Serbs succumb to influence of Teutons 40 Sieciech and his reign Sieciech and Judith 311 312 Sieciech’s attitude during Hungarian intervention 319 Siemomysl, Mieszko, Bolesław ֊ creators of state 55 Situation in Denmark versus Pomerania 392 Situation in Hungary and Zbigniew’s case 326 Situation in Hungary at beginning of 11th century 212 Situation in Hungary versus relations with Byzantium 277 468 260 191
Situation in Pomerania and first mission of St. Otto 428 Situation of Polish state in west and east 432 Slavdom to mouth of Elbe and along Rhine 41 Socio-economic changes and military system Sons excluded from inheritance 185 104 Sophia, wife of King Bolesław the Generous 272, 273 Sources on state condition after death of Bolesław III Sources regard Charles and Casimir as one figure St. Adalbert in Pomerania Stalemate in war of 1015 444 210 415 155 State weakening as result of religious conflict? 183 St. Otto in Pomerania. Duke Wartislaw 430 St. Otto on River Oder 439 St. Otto versus Wartislaw 431 Svatodorans and Piasts, capricious allies of Saxons Swantopolk Odrensis 70 434 T The chronology of Pomeranian events. Western Pomerania 405 There are no signs of continuity of Moravian law 36 Traces of Piasts’ presence in Western Pomerania Tradition of first Slavic states in Dagome? 79 90, 91 Tradition of palatine rule. Diplomacy 346 Tribute from Silesia and relations with Czechs 306 Tribute - price for recognising Mieszko’s power by Saxons Tribute. Transfers. Responsibilities 61 350 Two marriages of Casimir. One with Charles’s widow? 247 U Unclear biographies of Casimir and Charles, sons of Mieszko Undivided inheritance and division into provinces 236 297 Undivided inheritance casts light on Mieszko’s return 284 Undivided inheritance versus Greater Poland and Silesia 300 Undivided inheritance versus Mazovia and Kuyavia 298 469
Undivided property as instrument for transfer of land and power Unger’s expedition in 1007 (?) after Gaudentius’ death? Unger wants to replace (late?) Gaudentius? Veleti, Saxons, Lusatians versus Piasts 169 134 132 56 Vikings had no influence on creation of Poland 48 W War between Mieszko and Saxons over influence in Lusatia 66 War of 1015 was expression of new Piast political doctrine When and why did St. Bruno go to Hungary? Wichmann organizes Veleti 156 136 60 Wislje has nothing to do with Piasts 23 Władysław Herman in Pomerania 419 Wladyslaws are getting ready for confrontation Women during Herman’s time 359 287 z Zbigniew demands fulfilment of his rights 307 Zbigniew drags his brother into his political plans 330 Zbigniew imprisons Bolesław 364 Zbigniew is removed from his father court 308 Zbigniew loses his Hungarian ally 363 Zbigniew reluctantly looks at his brother’s Ruthenian marriage Zbigniew returns and claims his rights 315 Zbigniew’s activity in Pomerania 420 Zbigniew’s Czech origin 309 Zbigniew seeks support from Rus’ and Bolesław attacks 365 Zbigniew versus dynastic situation in Silesia 322 Zwentibold is priest of sowing 470 31 368
Dynasties Arpads; 75, 76,106,109,138,139,213,280, 292, 318, 322, 371, 387 Billungs; 55, 71,158,168, 206, 240, 261, 262, 410 Piasts; 19-21,23,24,26,29,32-34,38,39,42,43,45,47,49, 50, 56, 57,64, 7075,77,84,94,97,99,100,103,106,108,110,113,115,126,128,130,136-139, 141, 144-146, 148, 149, 151-159, 161, 163-166, 168, 170, 171, 173, 175, 179, 180,182-184,187,189-192,195-197,199,201,203-206,213-215,217,221,224, 229, 237, 241, 242, 244, 248, 253, 256, 268, 269, 276, 277, 280, 284, 289, 292, 296, 297, 299, 300, 304, 309, 324, 333, 346-349, 352-354, 360, 363, 364, 367, 370, 380, 385, 386, 394, 403, 404, 407, 410, 413-418, 421, 425-427, 432, 433, 439, 448, 450,452 Popielids; 19,21, 22,24, 26,28, 29,34, 36, 37,39-41, 406 Chroniclers Al.-Masudi; 49, 90 Cosma of Prague; 31, 32, 65, 94,105,106,130,168, 226, 227, 247, 258, 259, 270, 271, 302, 305, 306, 309, 326, 329, 332, 358, 373, 374,389 Długosz J.; 40, 44, 61, 206, 270-272, 276, 280, 290, 336, 337, 374, 411, 450 Gallus; 28, 30-32, 36, 42, 45, 77, 92, 103, 104, 111, 119, 121, 125, 131, 207, 210, 213, 227, 229, 235, 238, 240-242, 248, 250, 254, 255, 257, 258, 266, 267, 270,272,279-282,284-286,290,299,307,308,310-312,315-321,328,330-338, 32,35-349,353-356,358-360,362-365,370,377,404,413,416,418-420,22-424, 433, 431 Kadłubek V.; 27, 36, 37,170, 214, 217, 233, 240-242, 285, 319, 324, 335, 372, 406, 419, 444, 448, 451, 452 Nestor; 51,146,190, 217, 218,236,241,247, 250, 365,369 Thietmar of Merseburg; 58,60,61,69,77,89,92,94,115,118,119,123,140, 142,148,149,151,174, 205, 206, 216, 223, 237, 257, 283, 354, 390, 414, 415 Widukind of Corvey; 34,
38,45, 56, 59,295,325, 326,334, 352,414 Wipo of Burgundy; 80,180,192,193,195,197, 201, 210, 283, 284 Towns and strongholds Breslau; 132,158,167,174, 248, 252, 285, 299, 300, 307, 308, 315-317, 319, 320, 322, 323-327, 330, 332, 333, 335-338, 349, 349, 372, 415, 420, 450 475
Cracow; 23, 64, 89, 94,104,105, 111, 118,152,163,165,167,195,198-200, 207, 208, 217, 218, 220, 224, 225, 240, 244, 245,246, 249, 250, 265-271, 275, 282, 286, 287, 300, 306, 307, 319, 321, 322, 333, 335-337, 342, 348, 357, 358, 360, 415, 423, 441, 445, 448-452 Gniezno; 22,25,33,34,39,40,47,51,56,61,77,85,87-89,92,93,99,104, Юб108, 113, 115-121, 123, 125, 127,129,130-132, 134, 135, 138, 163, 164,170, 174, 175, 178, 186-188, 200, 211, 245, 264, 265, 268, 328, 336-338, 341,342, 345, 348, 353, 356, 365, 374, 375, 384, 386, 390, 391, 397, 398, 415, 430, 439 Kalisz; 72, 93, 204, 213, 239, 240, 245 252, 287, 296, 297, 339, 357, 358, 365 Kiev; 51, 129-131,136,137, 139, 140,144, 146, 153, 159-161, 166, 170, 175, 187, 209, 236, 253, 256-259, 264-268, 279, 281, 297, 359, 362, 365, 367, 388, 389 Kruszwica; 22-25, 33-35, 37-40, 46,47 Magdeburg; 62, 63, 66, 80, 85, 87, 107, 113-119, 124, 125,132-135, 143-145, 147-149, 174, 175, 229, 314, 383, 385-387, 390, 391, 394-396, 398, 428, 437, 438, 444 Meissen; 55,70,71,100,102,123,124,140,141,143,147,151,160,166,169, 195, 202, 209, 214, 259-261, 263, 264, 305,406,407 Merseburg; 4, 58, 78, 117-119, 134, 139, 142, 15-147, 149-151, 154, 157, 159,170, 179, 188, 192-194, 206, 216, 357, 373, 379, 393-397, 415, 417, 421, 431, 437 Nitra; 20,39, 72-74,82, 84,112,210,212,234,248,263,327,362 Olomouc; 104,114,123,132,211, 309,378 Płock; 93, 215, 225, 264, 267, 307, 333, 336, 341, 348, 353, 357, 369, 384 Poznań; 22, 23, 26, 33-36, 39, 47, 49, 61-63, 68, 80, 81, 84, 85, 87-89, 92, 93 , 100, 113-119, 123, 127, 129, 131-134, 138, 142, 143, 167, 173, 174, 180,
197, 199, 234, 336, 339, 341, 342, 345, 347, 353, 375, 388, 390 Prague; 38,55,62-65,94,113-116,119,123,125,126,131-133,135,142,143, 258, 259, 310, 315, 316, 329, 370, 373,374, 383,423 Regensburg; 62, 63, 65, 85,114,115, 131, 133, 144, 208, 244, 250, 288-290, 338,339,342,383 Sandomierz; 87,267, 292,295,333, 335,348,445, 447 Santok; 127, 213, 366, 404, 417, 420, 421, 422 Włocławek; 297, 353,384, 386, 415,429 476
Tribes Bohemians; 40,42, 50, 82,108,138,174,407 Dolomici; 406,407 Hungarians; 25, 45, 46, 73,136,181,186,190,191, 202, 237, 277, 280, 319, 321, 322, 356, 366, 376, 392 Lusatians; 56, 57, 60, 352, 407 Milceni; 26, 89, 407 Obodrites; 26, 41, 56, 67, 68,102,178,182,189, 403, 405-410, 412, 414, 430, 436 Saxons; 38, 39, 42, 46, 56-58, 61, 63, 66, 67, 69, 70, 73, 74, 77,108,113,115, 122, 130,139, 142-145, 147, 154, 158,172, 182, 201, 202, 204, 205, 217, 225, 242, 261-263, 295, 314, 318, 325, 326, 349, 352, 353, 376, 381, 398, 403, 405, 407, 408, 410-412, 414, 425 Serbs; 20, 23, 26, 27, 29, 30, 40-43, 45, 50,51, 91,179, 201, 405, 406 Sclavs; 20, 23, 26, 33, 41, 42, 44, 46, 50, 51, 56-60, 64, 66, 68, 73, 76, 82, 91, 96, 107-109, 116, 118, 123, 125, 129, 138, 143, 145, 166, 179, 205, 234, 288, 349, 351, 386, 387, 391, 405-410, 412, 413 Svatodorans; 26, 32,39,49, 57, 60, 70, 72, 80, 83, 205, 346, 407,412 Variangans; 51,187,407 Veleti; 56, 57, 59, 60, 64, 67, 73,102,130, 351, 352, 353, 403, 405-408, 410412, 414, 421, 427, 428, 430, 436, 437 477
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The history of Poland
and its socio-political system
up to 1138
Bydgf oszcz 2021
Table of Contents
Chapter I
Selected hypotheses regarding the political system of the lands between
the Elbe and Oder rivers in the ninth and 10th centuries Legends and
stories as a source of research 19
Main hypotheses 19
The early history of the Piast lands The rise of Poland in legends and
tales 21
The Popielids, Serbs and the Croats The Obodrites Lechia Great
Moravia 26
A ploughman, that is, Zwentibold/ Svatopluk 30
Popiel, the prince of the Svatodorans, Greater Poland and Kuyavia, of
pro-Saxon orientation? 32
The Popielids in Polish chronicles, including Anonymus
called Gallus 36
Carnuntum - the stronghold of (Tiberius) Gracchus The legend of Ro
man legions adopted by Great Moravia and then by the Polish state
Kruszwicas The beginnings of states 37
The Popielids and other dynasties 37
Tribal situation in Polabia The Obodrites 41
Osserich means Oster-reich? 43
The genealogy of the Piasts 43
The establishment of the state
The Duchy of Kruszwica-Poznari 47
The Viking option 48
The inflow from Schleswig 49
The Great Moravian option 49
The indigenous option 50
The Varangians and Rus' 51
Ckapter II
The beginnings of the Polish state 55
General issues 55
The state of Mieszko I 56
The meaning of the names 58
Boleslaw (Boleslaw, Boleslaus) 58
Mieszko (Misaca) 59
Czcibor (Tshibor) 59
The threat from the Veleti and Wichmann 59
The tribute from 963 in the classical sense 60
Mieszko assumes power over the eastern bank of the Warta, remaining in
the Methodian rite (?) 60
The issue of the Diocese of Poznari The tribute up to the River Warta - to
the estuary or to the river course The Latin option 62
Hie political background of Mieszko's baptism and relations with the
Czechs 63
Mieszko's baptism - in the Methodian rite? 65
The fight with Hodo as a consequence of the collapse of the Eastern
March 66
The location of the Battle of Cedynia 67
The reorientation of international politics in the state of Mieszko I after 977
Mieszko - a friend of the emperor 67
Margrave Mieszko 68
The doctrine of restitution of Great Moravia versus Adelaide the White
The reorientation of the political thought of the Piasts after 963 and its
legal-political consequences for the sons of Boleslaw I 71
The political nature of the marriage of Adelaide called the White The Pi-
ast ideology of restoration of Great Moravia Boleslaw I, the son of Miesz
ko, seeks political rapprochement with the Saxons 73
Adelaide of the Piast dynasty, Knegini, called the White 75
The sons of Mieszko I 76
Swietopelk (c 978/980 - c 1031/1033), the son of Mieszko I, the ruler of
Western Pomerania (?) 77
Dietrich 79
The Piasts versus the Moymirid dynasty 80
The Dagome iudex 84
The hypotheses about the state system at the turn of the 10th and 11th
centuries and the way of inheritance 84
The first interpretation - the disinheritance of Boleslaw the Great 85
The second interpretation - Mesco is not a name, but a state function 86
The third interpretation Mieszko strives to create an (arch) bishopric 87
The fourth interpretation The allocation of the inheritance domain to sons
from the second marriage of Mieszko I 88
The fifth Interpretation The dower, regnum for Oda and her sons on the
western side of the River Oder 89
The sixth Interpretation The Dagome iudex connects Oda with Dagobert's
state 91
The fragmentation of the inheritance domain after Mieszko I 91
Boleslaw Chrobry alias Traba in the opinion of chroniclers 94
The political compromise of the heirs of Mieszko I - the brotherly agree
ment around the year 995 95
The case of Mieszko II and the land and power inherited by Boleslaw I 99
The special position of Boleslaw I and taking control over the state despite
existing arrangement 102
Mieszko, the son of Mieszko I, a would-be king 105
Boleslaw I Traba aka Chrobry - the leader of the pro-Ottonian and pro-Latin
options among the Slavs 107
Boleslaw Chabri aka Traba - the duke of the Reich and the emperor of the
Slavs Boleslaw I aspires to the imperial diadem 108
The empire of the Slavs 108
The Piast-Moravian concept and the sons of Boleslaw the Great 109
Bezprym and the Duchy of Nitra 112
The independent Bishopric of Poznari, the Archbishopric of Gniezno 113
The competition of liturgical rites The existence of the Dagome iudex sup
ports the justification of the institution of the Archbishopric of Gniezno 116
The location of the Piast Church metropolis 117
Canonical, legal-political and diocesan competition in the Reich 117
The Congress of Gniezno The course of the Congress The establishment
of a Church metropolis in the Piast state 117
Reinbern's Bishopric in Salz-Kolberg 119
Boleslaw - the duke-elector of the Reich, patrician and Augustus? 120
Boleslaw the Great, a would-be emperor of the Slavs? A legal intervention
or invasion of Meissen and Bohemia by Boleslaw 123
Boleslaw converts the Prussians at the Gulf of Gdansk or in Western
Pomerania 126
The West Pomeranian evangelizing mission of St Adalbert 126
The Baltic Policy of Boleslaw Traba Boleslaw takes advantage of the
Christian doctrine to take control over the Baltic trade routes 128
A religious rite within the Piast territories The issue of Boleslaw I's with
drawal of support for the Roman Church 130
Bishop Unger, provost of Magdeburg Prague-Poznari Metropolis 131
Bruno of Querfurt and the significance of his evangelizing mission to
determine the relationship of the Salic dynasty with the Rurikids 135
The influence of the Saxon policy on the ideology of the Piasts in the field
of international politics 138
The policy of Boleslaw I towards Rus' and its relationship with the policy
towards the Reich 139
The daughters of Boleslaw 140
A political and military conflict between the Piasts and the Reich after the
death of Otto III The actual diarchy of father and son in the Piast state 141
The second stage of the political conflict Boleslaw, by refusing to do homage
from Bohemia, runs the risk of a war with the Reich 142
The political conflict turns into a military one The first Piast war with the
Reich The Treaty of Poznari, the second Treaty of Merseburg 142
The empire withdraws from the alliance with the pagan Slavs The alliance
with the Piasts 145
A diarchy in the Piast state in 1013-1025 145
The Treaty of Merseburg in 1013 The homage of the Piasts 146
Mieszko II (990-1034) 151
The war with the Reich between 1015-1018 and the way of exercising
power in the Piast state between 1014-1025 The eastern policy of the
Piasts The Polian-Sclavenian principate 152
The mission of Mieszko II to Bohemia from 1014 The activity of the Pi
asts 153
The direct political background of the outbreak of the Piast-German war
in 1015 154
Hie military supply base of the Piast-German conflict 155
The war of 1015 and 1017 156
The Peace of Bautzen recreates the political status quo from the begin
ning of the century 158
The Polian-Sclavenian principate 161
Boleslaw I Traba - the king of Poland 162
The crown on the initiative of the pope 166
The undivided family property 169
The records of the chronicle by Vincent Kadlubek and the division of the
paternal domain 170
Fee tail 171
The system of exercising provincial power in the Piast state in the first
quarter of the 11th century 172
The models of political systems 173
Mieszko II - the king of Poland against the will of the king of Germany
Mieszko attacks trying to overthrow the emperor of the Reich or is he
defending his patrimony? 176
King Mieszko II and the war between Poland and the Reich The attack
on the empire or the misidentification of the invasion of Saxony by the
Obodrites The general situation in Poland and the Reich after 1025 178
The invasion of Saxony from 1028 181
The Obodrites and the Saxons in the first quarter of the 11th century
Obotrite Prince Gottschalk versus Mieszko II 182
The decline of Christianity in Poland during the Salic dynasty Change in
social relations in Poland in the first half of the 11th century Changes in
the ideology of the state among the rulers of the Reich 182
The issue of dating events according to Ruthenian chronicles 183
The wakening of the influence of the Latin Church in Poland The general
international situation at the beginning of the 11th century and the current
situation in the Piast state 183
Land heirs in the Piast domain and the change of the army model 185
The Rus' people and the situation in the Piast lands 186
The king of Germany and the emperor recognizes the royal status of
Mieszko II The situation of the Piast state in the 30s of the 11th century 188
The collapse of the political concept of the Salic dynasty in relation to
Poland The recreation of the events of 1031 188
International prerequisites of the Piast-German conflict at the turn of the
20s and 30s of the 11th century 189
Tetrarch Mieszko 192
Otto-Bezprym 193
Theuderic, Theodoric, Dietrich 194
The legal-political interpretation of the method of the fragmentation of the
Piast state by Conrad II Salic as a consequence of Mieszko II's submission
to the imperial grace 195
A summary of Mieszko II's reign and the political doctrine of the mid-11th
century The classical version of events 196
The architecture of sacred buildings as an element of the recognition of
Polish history 198
A summary of the period 1025-1034 200
The Billung dynasty and Mieszko II 204
Mieszko II summons his son Casimir called the Restorer to the country 207
Emeric (Imre, Henry), the son of King Stephen Prince Wazul/ Vazul of
Nitra 210
The Benedictine Pannonhalma Archabbey The history of the Piast dynasty 213
Otto, the son of Boleslaw 216
Otto: a Piast or Swabian, and Casimir and other district heirs Casimir in
the monastery 217
Boleslaw the Forgotten 226
Interregnum 228
Ckapter III 231
The restoration of the state 233
Casimir - a mysterious heir of Mieszko II 233
Casimir - a Serbian name Charles 234
Maria Dobroniega (the daughter of Vladimir/ Yaroslav/ Roman?) 236
A monk rebuilds the state 237
The restoration of the state by Casimir 240
More on monastic vows of Casimir 243
Aron, the abbot of Tyniec, the bishop of Cracow 244
The children of Casimir known as the Restorer A clash of the concept of
universal power A new form of an empire The period of full subjection of
the Piast state to the Reich during the times of Boleslaw the Generous 246
The order of births of the children of Casimir the Restorer and the dating
of these events 249
The regency council over Boleslaw the Generous 252
The situation in Rus' 252
The location of Gradec and the chronology of the reign of Boleslaw Lar-
gus 254
The political background of Boleslaw II's expedition in Kiev 256
Jaromir 258
The royal court in Meissen regarding Polish-Czech affairs 259
A sovereign policy of the Piast state in the times of Boleslaw the Generous
towards the Reich 261
Boleslaw the Generous aka the Brave - the king of Poland 264
Boleslaw II called the Generous is toppled from the throne, Introductory
issues 265
The conflict between the king and the bishop 266
Queen Sophia (Arete Dukaina, the wife of Boleslaw Largus?) 272
The penance of Boleslaw Largus 275
The return of Mieszko, the son of Boleslaw 278
The Kalisz Land - the dower of Dobroniega and the capital of the state? 287
The Regensburg memorial 288
Eupraxia alias Praxedes alias Adelaide or Catherine Vsevolodovna, the
wife of Mieszko, the son of Boleslaw 290
The situation in the Piast state after 1086 292
The elements of Zbigniew's conflict with his father Hie fragmentation of
the state and the inheritance from Mieszko, the son of Boleslaw 294
Wladyslaw, the son of Casmir, called Herman 301
Tribute from Silesia 304
The rebellion of Zbigniew 306
Gallus on Zbigniew's rebellion Inheritance under the Piast legislation 307
Zbigniew, the son of Wladyslaw, the grandson of Spytihnev II of Bohemia? 308
Judith Maria of the Salic dynasty (of Swabia, Franconia, Hungary), in
Poland called Sophia (?) versus Herman and Sieciech 310
The reimbursement of expenses of military expeditions 311
The release of Zbigniew from a nunnery in Saxony 314
The rebellion of Zbigniew and the international situation of the Piast state 317
Sieciech and Zbigniew versus Ladislaus I the Saint 320
The conquest of Cracow by Ladislaus I the Saint 321
The second stage of Zbigniew's rebellion in Kruszwica 322
Herman's retaliatory raid on Moravia 328
The rebellion of the juniors 330
Wladyslaw Herman's will 334
The Polish Church in the days of Herman 336
Golden crosses from Bamberg 339
Chapter IV
The Polish state in the 12th century The authorities of the early Piast
state Magnates and provincial governors and their executive apparatus
A court, an assembly, the princely council 345
Tributes 350
Armed forces of the Piast state 351
The dogma of undivided princely authority restrains historical reasoning
Inheritance law as a cognitive alternative 356
The further fortunes of the dynasty and the state 358
Junior (?) Boleslaw versus senior (?) Zbigniew Years 1102-1108 in the
history of the Piast dynasty 359
The history of the Piast state The first marriage of Boleslaw III, the son of
Wladyslaw and dynastic matters International tension increased
Henry Vs invasion of Poland in 1109
The penance of Boleslaw III in Hungary
The rebellion of Skarbimir
The changing relations of the Piasts with the Ruthenian princes in the
years 1108-1130 380
The Concordat of Worms in 1122 The international situation at the turn of
the second and third decades of the 12th century 381
The Reich subordinates Boleslaw III The loss of the Church metropolis
cools down the ambitions of Boleslaw III The emperor pursues pax Chris
tiana policy 384
The dissolution of the Gniezno metropolis and the Saxon progress in
Western Pomerania 390
Merseburg 1135 394
Ckapter V
Pomerania in the politics of Wladyslaw, Zbigniew and Boleslaw
The history of Pomerania, General issues 403
History of Pomerania in early Middle Ages 405
Eastern and Western Pomerania One or two countries Confederation or
federation 413
Zbigniew and Pomerania 420
Boleslaw, the son of Wladyslaw, and Pomeranian affairs 421
Classical views on the actions of Boleslaw III in Eastern Pomerania 424
Western and Near-Oder Pomerania 425
The political and canonical background of the mission of St Otto of Bam
berg in Pomerania 428
The Piast affairs and their political relations with the Rus' people 432
Naclam upon Peene 434
The second mission of Otto of Bamberg versus Piast-German relation
ships 436
Ckapter VI
The territorial formation of the Piast state at the end of the reign of
Boleslaw III Curvus' succession statutes
The will of Boleslaw III General issues 443
Index of topics 455
Other indexes 473
Bibliography 479
Table of Contents Chapter I Selected hypotheses regarding the political system of the lands between the Elbe and Oder rivers in the ninth and 10th centuries. Legends and stories as a source of research 19 Main hypotheses 19 The early history of the Piast lands. The rise of Poland in legends and tales 21 The Popielids, Serbs and the Croats. The Obodrites. Lechia. Great Moravia 26 A ploughman, that is, Zwentibold/ Svatopluk 30 Popiel, the prince of the Svatodorans, Greater Poland and Kuyavia, of pro-Saxon orientation? 32 The Popielids in Polish chronicles, including Anonymus called Gallus 36 Carnuntum - the stronghold of (Tiberius) Gracchus. The legend of Ro man legions adopted by Great Moravia and then by the Polish state. Kruszwicas. The beginnings of states. 37 The Popielids and other dynasties 37 Tribal situation in Polabia. The Obodrites Osserich means Oster-reich? 41 The genealogy of the Piasts 43 43 The establishment of the state. The Duchy of Kruszwica-Poznań 47 The Viking option 48 The inflow from Schleswig 49 The Great Moravian option 49 The indigenous option 50 The Varangians and Rus’ 51 5
Ckapter II The beginnings of the Polish state 55 General issues 55 The state of Mieszko I 56 The meaning of the names 58 Bolesław (Boleslaw, Boleslaus) 58 Mieszko (Misaca) 59 Czcibor (Tshibor) 59 The threat from the Veleti and Wichmann 59 The tribute from 963 in the classical sense 60 Mieszko assumes power over the eastern bank of the Warta, remaining in the Methodian rite (?) 60 The issue of the Diocese of Poznań. The tribute up to the River Warta - to the estuary or to the river course. The Latin option 62 The political background of Mieszko’s baptism and relations with the Czechs 63 Mieszko’s baptism ֊ in the Methodian rite? 65 The fight with Hodo as a consequence of the collapse of the Eastern March 66 The location of the Battle of Cedynia 67 The reorientation of international politics in the state of Mieszko I after 977 Mieszko - a friend of the emperor 67 Margrave Mieszko 68 The doctrine of restitution of Great Moravia versus Adelaide the White. The reorientation of the political thought of the Piasts after 963 and its legal-political consequences for the sons of Bolesław I 71 The political nature of the marriage of Adelaide called the White. The Pi ast ideology of restoration of Great Moravia Bolesław I, the son of Miesz ko, seeks political rapprochement with the Saxons 73 Adelaide of the Piast dynasty, Knegini, called the White 75 The sons of Mieszko I 76 Swietopelk (c. 978/980 - c. 1031/1033), the son of Mieszko I, the ruler of Western Pomerania (?) 6 77
Dietrich The Piasts versus the Moymirid dynasty 79 80 The Dagome iudex 84 The hypotheses about the state system at the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries and the way of inheritance The first interpretation - the disinheritance of Bolesław the Great 84 85 The second interpretation - Mesco is not a name, but a state function 86 The third interpretation. Mieszko strives to create an (arch) bishopric 87 The fourth interpretation. The allocation of the inheritance domain to sons from the second marriage of Mieszko I 88 The fifth Interpretation. The dower, regnum for Oda and her sons on the western side of the River Oder 89 The sixth Interpretation. The Dagome iudex connects Oda with Dagobert’s state 91 The fragmentation of the inheritance domain after Mieszko I 91 Bolesław Chrobry alias Traba in the opinion of chroniclers 94 The political compromise of the heirs of Mieszko I - the brotherly agree ment around the year 995 95 The case of Mieszko II and the land and power inherited by Bolesław I 99 The special position of Bolesław I and taking control over the state despite existing arrangement 102 Mieszko, the son of Mieszko I, a would-be king 105 Bolesław I Traba aka Chrobry ֊ the leader of the pro-Ottonian and pro-Latin options among the Slavs 107 Bolesław Chabri aka Traba ֊ the duke of the Reich and the emperor of the Slavs. Bolesław I aspires to the imperial diadem The empire of the Slavs 108 108 The Piast-Moravian concept and the sons of Bolesław the Great 109 Bezprym and the Duchy of Nitra 112 The independent Bishopric of Poznań, the Archbishopric of Gniezno 113 The
competition of liturgical rites. The existence of the Dagome iudex sup ports the justification of the institution of the Archbishopric of Gniezno 116 The location of the Piast Church metropolis 117 7
Canonical, legal-political and diocesan competition in the Reich 117 The Congress of Gniezno. The course of the Congress. The establishment of a Church metropolis in the Piast state 117 Reinbern’s Bishopric in Salz-Kolberg 119 Bolesław ֊ the duke-elector of the Reich, patrician and Augustus? 120 Bolesław the Great, a would-be emperor of the Slavs? A legal intervention or invasion of Meissen and Bohemia by Bolesław 123 Bolesław “converts” the Prussians at the Gulf of Gdansk or in Western Pomerania 126 The West Pomeranian evangelizing mission of St. Adalbert 126 The Baltic Policy of Bolesław Traba. Bolesław takes advantage of the Christian doctrine to take control over the Baltic trade routes 128 A religious rite within the Piast territories. The issue of Bolesław ľs with drawal of support for the Roman Church 130 Bishop Unger, provost of Magdeburg. Prague-Poznań Metropolis 131 Bruno of Querfurt and the significance of his evangelizing mission to determine the relationship of the Salic dynasty with the Rurikids 135 The influence of the Saxon policy on the ideology of the Piasts in the field of international politics 138 The policy of Bolesław I towards Rus’ and its relationship with the policy towards the Reich 139 The daughters of Bolesław 140 A political and military conflict between the Piasts and the Reich after the death of Otto III. The actual diarchy of father and son in the Piast state 141 The second stage of the political conflict Bolesław, by refusing to do homage from Bohemia, runs the risk of a war with the Reich 142 The political conflict turns into a military
one. The first Piast war with the Reich. The Treaty of Poznań, the second Treaty of Merseburg 142 The empire withdraws from the alliance with the pagan Slavs. The alliance with the Piasts A diarchy in the Piast state in 1013-1025 The Treaty of Merseburg in 1013. The homage of the Piasts 145 145 146 Mieszko II (990-1034) 151 8
The war with the Reich between 1015-1018 and the way of exercising power in the Piast state between 1014-1025. The eastern policy of the Piasts. The Polian-Sclavenian principate 152 The mission of Mieszko II to Bohemia from 1014. The activity of the Pi asts 153 The direct political background of the outbreak of the Piast-German war in 1015 154 The military supply base of the Piast-German conflict 155 The war of 1015 and 1017 156 The Peace of Bautzen recreates the political status quo from the begin ning of the century 158 The Polian-Sclavenian principate 161 Bolesław I Traba - the king of Poland 162 The crown on the initiative of the pope 166 The undivided family property 169 The records of the chronicle by Vincent Kadłubek and the division of the paternal domain 170 Fee tail 171 The system of exercising provincial power in the Piast state in the first quarter of the 11th century 172 The models of political systems 173 Mieszko II - the king of Poland against the will of the king of Germany. Mieszko attacks trying to overthrow the emperor of the Reich or is he defending his patrimony? 176 King Mieszko II and the war between Poland and the Reich. The attack on the empire or the misidentification of the invasion of Saxony by the Obodrites. The general situation in Poland and the Reich after 1025 178 The invasion of Saxony from 1028 181 The Obodrites and the Saxons in the first quarter of the 11th century. Obotrite Prince Gottschalk versus Mieszko II 182 The decline of Christianity in Poland during the Salic dynasty. Change in social relations in Poland in the first half of
the 11th century. Changes in the ideology of the state among the rulers of the Reich 182 9
The issue of dating events according to Ruthenian chronicles 183 The wakening of the influence of the Latin Church in Poland. The general international situation at the beginning of the 11th century and the current situation in the Piast state 183 Land heirs in the Piast domain and the change of the army model 185 The Rus’ people and the situation in the Piast lands 186 The king of Germany and the emperor recognizes the royal status of Mieszko IL The situation of the Piast state in the 30s of the 11th century 188 The collapse of the political concept of the Salic dynasty in relation to Poland. The recreation of the events of 1031 188 International prerequisites of the Piast-German conflict at the turn of the 20s and 30s of the 11th century 189 Tetrarch Mieszko Otto-Bezprym 192 193 Theuderic, Theodoric, Dietrich 194 The legal-political interpretation of the method of the fragmentation of the Piast state by Conrad II Salic as a consequence of Mieszko IPs submission to the imperial grace 195 A summary of Mieszko Il’s reign and the political doctrine of the mid-llth century. The classical version of events 196 The architecture of sacred buildings as an element of the recognition of Polish history A summary of the period 1025-1034 198 200 The Billung dynasty and Mieszko II 204 Mieszko II summons his son Casimir called the Restorer to the countiy 207 Emeric (Imre, Henry), the son of King Stephen. Prince Wazul/ Vazul of Nitra 210 The Benedictine Pannonhalma Archabbey. The history of the Piast dynasty 213 Otto, the son of Bolesław 216 Otto: a Piast or Swabian, and Casimir and other
district heirs. Casimir in the monastery 217 Bolesław the Forgotten 226 Interregnum 228 10
Chapter III 231 The restoration of the state 233 Casimir - a mysterious heir of Mieszko II 233 Casimir - a Serbian name. Charles Maria Dobroniega (the daughter of Vladimir/ Yaroslav/ Roman?) 234 A monk rebuilds the state 237 The restoration of the state by Casimir 240 More on monastic vows of Casimir 243 Aron, the abbot of Tyniec, the bishop of Cracow 244 236 The children of Casimir known as the Restorer. A clash of the concept of universal power. A new form of an empire. The period of full subjection of the Piast state to the Reich during the times of Bolesław the Generous 246 The order of births of the children of Casimir the Restorer and the dating of these events 249 The regency council over Bolesław the Generous 252 The situation in Rus’ 252 The location of Gradec and the chronology of the reign of Bolesław Lar gus 254 The political background of Bolesław IPs expedition in Kiev 256 Jaromir 258 The royal court in Meissen regarding Polish-Czech affairs 259 A sovereign policy of the Piast state in the times of Bolesław the Generous towards the Reich 261 Bolesław the Generous aka the Brave - the king of Poland 264 Bolesław II called the Generous is toppled from the throne, Introductory issues 265 The conflict between the king and the bishop 266 Queen Sophia (Arete Dukaina, the wife of Bolesław Largus?) 272 The penance of Bolesław Largus 275 The return of Mieszko, the son of Bolesław 278 The Kalisz Land - the dower of Dobroniega and the capital of the state? 287 The Regensburg memorial 288 Eupraxia alias Práxedes alias Adelaide or Catherine Vsevolodovna, the wife of
Mieszko, the son of Bolesław 290 11
The situation in the Piast state after 1086 292 The elements of Zbigniew’s conflict with his father. The fragmentation of the state and the inheritance from Mieszko, the son of Bolesław 294 Władysław, the son of Casmir, called Herman 301 Tribute from Silesia 304 The rebellion of Zbigniew 306 Gallus on Zbigniew’s rebellion. Inheritance under the Piast legislation 307 Zbigniew, the son of Władysław, the grandson of Spytihnev II of Bohemia? 308 Judith Maria of the Salic dynasty (of Swabia, Franconia, Hungary), in Poland called Sophia (?) versus Herman and Sieciech 310 The reimbursement of expenses of military expeditions 311 The release of Zbigniew from a nunnery in Saxony 314 The rebellion of Zbigniew and the international situation of the Piast state 317 Sieciech and Zbigniew versus Ladislaus I the Saint 320 The conquest of Cracow by Ladislaus I the Saint 321 The second stage of Zbigniew’s rebellion in Kruszwica 322 Herman’s retaliatory raid on Moravia 328 The rebellion of the juniors 330 Władysław Herman’s will 334 The Polish Church in the days of Herman 336 Golden crosses from Bamberg 339 Chapter IV The Polish state in the 12th century. The authorities of the early Piast state. Magnates and provincial governors and their executive apparatus. A court, an assembly, the princely council 345 Tributes 350 Armed forces of the Piast state 351 The dogma of undivided princely authority restrains historical reasoning. Inheritance law as a cognitive alternative The further fortunes of the dynasty and the state 356 358 Junior (?) Bolesław versus senior (?) Zbigniew. Years 1102-1108 in
the history of the Piast dynasty 359 The history of the Piast state. The first marriage of Bolesław III, the son of 12
Wladyslaw and dynastic matters. International tension increased 366 Henry V’s invasion of Poland in 1109 371 The penance of Bolesław III in Hungary 375 The rebellion of Skarbimir 377 The changing relations of the Piasts with the Ruthenian princes in the years 1108-1130 380 The Concordat of Worms in 1122. The international situation at the turn of the second and third decades of the 12th century 381 The Reich subordinates Bolesław III. The loss of the Church metropolis cools down the ambitions of Bolesław III. The emperor pursues pax Chris 384 tiana policy The dissolution of the Gniezno metropolis and the Saxon progress in Western Pomerania 390 Merseburg 1135 394 Chapter V Pomerania in the politics of Władysław, Zbigniew and Bolesław The history of Pomerania, General issues 403 History of Pomerania in early Middle Ages 405 Eastern and Western Pomerania. One or two countries. Confederation or federation 413 Zbigniew and Pomerania 420 Bolesław, the son of Władysław, and Pomeranian affairs 421 Classical views on the actions of Bolesław III in Eastern Pomerania 424 Western and Near-Oder Pomerania 425 The political and canonical background of the mission of St. Otto of Bam berg in Pomerania 428 The Piast affairs and their political relations with the Rus’ people 432 434 Naciam upon Peene The second mission of Otto of Bamberg versus Piast-German relation ships 436 13
The territorial formation of the Piast state at the end of the reign of Bolesław III. Curvus’ succession statutes The will of Bolesław IIL General issues 443 Index of topics Other indexes Bibliography 455 473 479
Acquisition of crown by Mieszko II as beginning of his political problems 196 Adelaide the White - figure excluded by historiography 76 Affairs of Breslau and Bohemia and rebellion of juniors Alleged and actual heirs of power after Mieszko II Alleged invasion of Saxony 332 197 181 Alleged reasons for state weakening 184 Alliance between Bolesław and Sviatopolk the Accursed Alliance with Přemyslids (?) strengthens Piasts Analysis of Hungarian chronicles 274 Analysis of sources versus dates of entries Architecture determines political position 139 57 289 198 Are Unger’s connections with Magdeburg only apparent? 131 Aron brings dispensation? He is to control Lesser Poland 245 Aron comes to Poland to recreate Church 244 Assumption of power by Herman 302 В Bailiff and voivode 59 Baptism of Mieszko and arrival of Jordan 62 Beginnings of Lothair of Supplinburg’s reign 383 Beginnings of state - in Lusatian Kruszwica 22 Bezprym as sovereign ruler 111 Bezprym’s relations with Moravia and Pannonia Bezprym wants to save country 112 193 Bishop Stanislaus interferes in king’s eastern plans? 267 Bolesław anticipates Zbigniew’s attack with Ruthenian reinforcements 366 Bolesław as Caesar of Slavs? 109 Bolesław breaks up coalition of Zbigniew’s allies 362 Bolesław Curvus intervenes in Bohemia and gains political advantage over his brother 374 Bolesław Curvus kills his brother. He is in danger of losing power 375 457
Bolesław Curvus misjudges international situation by downplaying ultimatum 372 Bolesław does homage to king of Germany. What for? 150,151,152 Bolesław Generous ֊ firstborn son, but from which marriage of his father 253 Bolesław Generous is involved in Ruthenian affairs 256 Bolesław I does not support Bruno, however, buys back his body Bolesław III and Pomeranian affairs 137 421, 422 Bolesław III and Svatopluk of Pomerania 423 Bolesław III Curvus is cornered politically and canonically 390 Bolesław III in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 435 Bolesław is excluded from circle of Henry’s vassals 154 Bolesław is recognized as member of Imperial Senate 123 Bolesław I takes advantage of the existing canonical situation Bolesław I Traba supports Latin Church 116 115 Bolesław Largus crowned without emperor’s consent 264 Bolesław Largus in minor dispute with Bohemia 259 Bolesław Largus is building Polish-Hungarian-Saxon alliance? Bolesław Largus’ son 261 279 Bolesław opts for Slavic-Greek Church 168 Bolesław proposes peace in return for being recognised as leader of Slavs 125 Bolesław provokes Zbigniew 361 Boleslaw’s role in Lusatia Bolesław strives for Lusatia 142 144 Bolesław the Brave - ally of Saxons and Reich 138 Bolesław the Brave does not appear in Dagome. Why? 85 Bolesław wants to seize Meissen - strategic key to Lusatia Byzantine trace of Largus’ marriage 124 278 c Cancellation of Matilda’s engagement opens way for Casimir to power? 230 Canonical and political motif of Adalbert’s West Pomeranian 458
expedition 128 Canonical causes of conflict between king and bishop of Cracow 265 Canonical impediments prevent Mieszko IPs marriage? 206 Casimir as fruit of his father’s relationship with daughter of Billung? Casimir conquers Mazovia. Efforts at Silesia 241 Casimir in Brauweiler, Liege or Cluny 243 Casimir is rebuilding country, but has problem with Church Casimir promotes his own dynastic line 242 225 Casimir Restorer builds coalition against his cousin 216 Casimir Restorer recreates state by unifying provinces Casimir Restorer's first return to Poland 205 246 208 Casimir returns to Kalisz and tries to pursue independent policy 204 Casimir’s dispensation related to monkhood or marriage? Casimir’s second (?) visit to Poland 249 239 Casimir’s two marriages. One with Charles’ widow? 248 Chancellery among Piasts. Division of administration 347 Change of political front by Denmark as reason for fall of Mieszko II? 190 Changing fortunes of Third Lusatian War. Peace Treaty 158 “Child came to throne’” 209 Christianisation of Pomerania 429 Christianization marks the end of Popielid dynasty 26 Chronicle manipulations twist history of Poland 373 Chronicle records and Boleslaw Curvus’ inheritance statutes Church and power in Poland 451 175 Classical historiography interprets first war between brothers Conflict among heirs of Mieszko I 370 95 Conflict between Obodrites and Saxons versus Mieszko II 182 Conflict of legal orders as evidence of Casimir’s two marriages? 252 Conflicts among Boleslaw Ill’s sons 448 Conrad II Salic changes his mind about coronation of Mieszko II 180 Conrad II
Salic “perpetrator” of fall of Roman Church in Poland? Conrad II Salic thwarts Piast fee tail 195 189 Consecration of Unger and Diocese of Poznań 114 459
Consequences of fall of Great Moravia 46 Consequences of recognizing authenticity of Gallus’ record 121 Contest of Herman and Mieszko, son of Bolesław, for power Controversial Gradec 255 270 Controversy around Bolesław the Forgotten 228 Coronation as reason for dispute with bishop? Coronations of Piasts from 1025 268 164 Course of Hungarian intervention favourable to Zbigniew 320 Crown for Piasts heralds new political system Crown in Latin world. Authority 165 107 Curvus attains connections with German families 385 Curvus’ international policy 384 Curvus’ penitential pilgrimage following in footsteps of Largus 376 Curvus’ Polabian and Pomeranian policies collide with Saxon one Curvus seeks allies in south, Zbigniew in north 360 Czech attack on Piast eugenics 105 Czech attempt on Bolesław Largus’ live? 271 Czechs are seeking rapprochement with Saxon king 386 Czechs (sic!) free Zbigniew from nunnery 314 D Danes, Obodrites, Saxons 411 Danes-Pomeranians-Saxons 408 Date of Bolesław III Curvus’ death 443 Dating of Břetislav Il’s invasion and fortunes of Casimir Death of Otto II changes political structure of Reich Death of Otto of Mazovia 218 227 71 Decline of state and army at end of Curvus’ reign 356 Dependence of Pomerania on Piasts 416 Developments in Europe and case of Bolesław Curvus 391 Diarchy in Piast state - system of governance Diarchy versus districts 99 100 Dietrich, descendant of Mieszko and Oda? 80 Difficulty in pointing out all suffragans of Gniezno 460 118 387
Diplomacy among vassals 394 Dobroniega’s origin and her “Piast” marriage 237 Donations and dating 290 Dower 288 Duchy of Poznań and Kruszwica - victim of Piasts Dynastic autonomy of Silesia? 34 323 Dynastic relations at time of Mieszko’s return 283 E Eastern policy of Bolesław III Eastern Reich or March? 388 43 Efferus’s marriage as evidence of origin from father’s second marriage? 254 Emeric, son of Stephen and his marriage 211 Emperor intervenes in favour of Zbigniew 371 194 Emperor weakens Mieszko H’s authority F Family names of Piasts. Certainly not Bolesław 83 Fights of Piasts with Pomeranians 433 First war between Henry and Bolesław Four sons within three years? 143 250 Gallus dodges or is he wrong? 316 Gallus’ manipulations distort history of Poland 331 Gallus’s records about Largus in Kiev refute theory of war of 1015 257 “Gazmer” is not Charles 234 Genealogy of Piasts 45 German doubts regarding coronation of Piast Gniezno is gnosis or kniazin, or is it both? 176 33 Gniezno or Szczecin 89 Great deal of information about Bolesław in records from epoch Great Moravia reached Lusatia, and with it, Piasts 94 50 461
H Henry dismisses pagans and makes peace with Bolesław 145 Henry II recognizes position of Bolesław and supports him 159 Herman and his position versus Mieszko, son of Bolesław 285 Herman and his son Zbigniew 293 310 Herman associates with Bohemia. Sieciech Herman is forced by regulations 334 Herman reluctantly buys back crosses 341 Herman’s questionable involvement in overthrowing of his brother 269 Herman’s succession statutes 335 Herman supports emperor 303 Herman versus Mieszko, son of Bolesław 286 Herman versus nephew’s return 282 History of early Piasts of Mazovia 217 History of first Piast state 93 History of Piast dynasty 200 History of Piasts. 81 History of Piasts in mid-30s of 11th century 203 History of Polish Church. Personal details 336, 337,338 History of Pomerania 412 History of Pomerania in 10th century 407 History of Pomerania in early Middle Ages 406 History of Popielids dates back to end of eight century 24 Homage of Mieszko II ends peace negotiations 148 Hungarian-Czech relations and rebellion of Zbigniew 321 Hungarian intervention in Poland 318 Hypotheses regarding origin and biography of Casimir Hypotheses to explain conflict between king and bishop 233 266 I Imperial court versus Polish Church 397 Imperial decisions regarding Bolesław III 396 Increasingly difficult situation of Curvus and his principality 393 Indirect evidence of relationship between Mieszko II and Matilda 207 462
Infantry as basic type of forces of Mieszko I 351 Influence of Bamberg and Regensburg on Polish Church Inheritance after Mieszko I Inheritance among Piasts 92 170 Inheritance and its portion among Piasts Inheritance by Piasts 339 97 84 Inheritance divisions determine history of Poland 357 Inheritance law and relations between Zbigniew and Herman 324, 325 Inheritance, marriage, state decline 367 Inheritance of power after Bolesław 171 Inheritance principles destroy classical version of Piast history 221 Inheritance rules as method of reconstructing number of heirs 101 Inheritance scenarios among Piasts 296 Institution of king and Piast-Greek Church 167 Internal unrest in the days of Curvus 377 International background of Zbigniew’s rebellion 317 Intricacy of Piast genealogy in 11th century 220 Is attack of Rus’ people of 1031 related to dynastic situation? Is Christianity in Lusatia Methodian? 187 65 J Jaromir’s case refutes theory of war with Czechs 258 Judith, emperor’s sister 313 Juridical analysis of Bolesław Curvus’ inheritance principles 449 Juridical aspect of events in Merseburg 395 К Kievan expedition results in new face of Church in Poland 161 L Land apportionment of Bolesław Ill’s sons 447 Largus and Herman’s activities in Pomerania 418 Largus’ political-military involvement in Lusatia and Hungary 262 Lech and Czech, but without Rus 25 463
Legal line of Plasts rules over Mazovia 215 Legionary tales are basis of Polish legends 37 88 Longum mare - is it Baltic Sea or Goplo Lake? Lotharingian patterns as proof of imperial aspirations of Piasts Lusatian Kruszwica is station of Roman legions? 199 35 Lutici. Piasts between Elbe and Oder 42 Μ Many Slavs 58 Marriage and baptism of Mieszko define framework of alliance 64 Marriages of Boleslaw’s daughters as political instrument 140 Marriage to Oda as tool of succession of rights Eckeharding family Marriage to Predslava gives Bolesław rights to Rus’? maybe two strongholds 166 89 Meaning of Casimir’s white flag 240 Meaning of Mesco, mišica and similar 86 Meaning of Otto Ill’s gestures towards Bolesław 122 Mieszko crosses River Warta and does not pay tribute there Mieszko draws Bolesław into politics 68 Mieszko fights for patrimony but succumbs Mieszko I aims to create metropolis Mieszko I ֊ ally of Saxons 63 188 87 67 Mieszko II becomes king without crown. Tetrarch Mieszko II renounces fiefdom to Henry 179 157 Mieszko II wants to strengthen state and dynasty 177 Mieszko is king of north, but long without Vikings 49 Mieszko is seeking peace with Conrad 192 Mieszko represents Saxons Northern March? 69 Mieszko, son of Bolesław the Generous, returns to homeland Mieszko, son of Mieszko I - candidate for king of Pannonia Mieszko’s team is mercenary 352 Misinterpretation of letter twists history 327 Monk “kazi” ”mir” (destroy peace)? 235 Moravian expedition in revenge for Czech invasion 464 328 281 106 160
329 Moravian expedition unrelated to tribute Moravia ֊ Piast key to politics in Pannonia Mutual interest in making peace 73 146 N Naela in Polabia 436 New pope seeks allies against Henry IV 263 Noblemen are searching for Casimir. Dispensation 238 No fleet among Piasts forces alliance with Danes 129 Non-canonicity of Bolesław Curvus’ first marriage Non-division by Władysław II the Exile 369 379 No ruler or problems with identification? 229 No state-type organization between Oder and Vistula 51 Nothing connects Piasts with Vandals beyond the wrong association 21 О Opole (unit of administration) versus undivided property 96 Organization and equipment of Piast army in 11th century 353, 354 Organization of Church creates ideology of power 173 P Pannonian plans of Piasts. Bezprym 110 Pannonian policy of Piasts and its goals 72 Papal bull versus interpretation of statutes of inheritance 450 Patrician, guardian of Church. Dominus Pax Christiana 399 Peace for homage 120 147 Pepin of Italy nominally takes over Thuringia? 27 Periodization of reign of Herman and emperor 304 Piast activity in Western Pomerania 425 Piast-Burgundian-Lotharingian rapprochement 163 Piast dynastic conflict moves to Hungary 213 Piast dynasty 77 Piast interests on Baltic Sea. Only at mouth of River Oder 126 465
Piasts and Danes in Western Pomerania 414 Piasts at mouth of River Oder 426,427 Piasts collaborate with Saxons against Veleti 130 Piasts ֊ commanders of Moravian troops 82 Piasts create an ideology of power over Slavs 108 Piasts cross Oder 47 Piasts, Duchy of Poznań and Kruszwica - victim of 34 Piast’s inheritance and other inheritance systems 98 Piasts in Western Pomerania 78 Piasts of Nitra serve as commanders of Great Moravia in Lusatia 20 Piasts return to imperial or Caesarian plans? 153 Piasts return to Lusatia at expense of homage Piasts - successors of Great Moravia? 149 113 Piasts vs Přemyslids. Rivalry 75 Ploughman of Premislid dynasty = Zwentibold of Lusatia 32 Poland and Burgundy in days of Mieszko II 201 Poland originated in Lusatia 19 Policy in Pannonia following traces of Piasts’ origin there? Policy of Salians towards Poland Polish and German Churches 74 178 117 Polish border in Pomerania 404 Polish Church influenced by policy of Salían dynasty 342 Polish history explains rules of undivided inheritance 301 Polish-Pomeranian relations in chronicles 424 Polish-Ruthenian relations versus Silesia 305 Political and canonical changes in Europe in 12th century 382 Political background of rapprochement between Yaroslav Wise and Casimir Restorer 219 Pomerania 403 Pomerania, Greater Poland, Silesia, Casimir 214 Pomerania in 11th century 410 Pomeranian multi-tribe conflicts 409 Pomeranians disaffiliate Christianity 437 Pomeranians versus Piasts 417 466
Pomerania versus Piasts 413 Pompilus is emperor, but he is not Popiel Pope intervenes in situation in Poland 29 358 Popielids rule at meeting point of Thuringia and Slavic lands Portions of inheritance. Bishoprics in districts 102 Possibility of “Gdansk” mission of St. Adalbert is ruled out Power in Greater Poland 28 127 226 Power inheritance different from apportioning Prague-Poznań metropolis as Unger’s goal? 103 133 Přemyslids from Vltava are gaining advantage over entire region 39 Preserved source on Largus’ penance 276 Princely council. Church. Tribute 349 Princely retinue and state organization 345 Principate breaks or modifies tribal power 162 Principles of inheritance and history of Piast dynasty 223 Principles of inheritance and Piast dynasty 222 Principles of inheritance and provinces among Piasts 299 Principles of inheritance and provinces of state at beginning of 12th century 445 Principles of inheritance of Bolesław Ill’s statutes 452 Principles of undivided inheritance and Herman’s relationship with Zbigniew 294 Prior natu vs maior natu 453 Provinces and assemblies 348 Provinces in Poland 172 R Reasons for rebellion of Skarbimir 378 Reasons of royal penance 275 Reasons why Mieszko II left for Bohemia versus Burgundy 202 Records of Bamberg and history of Church in Poland 340 Regiments of Piast army 355 Reinbern and his missionary functions as bishop of Inowrocław and Kruszwica 119 467
Relations between Piasts and Arpads 280 Reshuffle in Reich after death of Otto III. Piasťs goals Restoration of Gniezno metropolis 141 398 Role of Reinbern in eastern policy of Piasts 174 Role of St. Bruno in eastern policy of Germany Role of Thuringian-Saxon-Slavic borderland 135 44 Romans at the foot of the Carpathians 38 Rules of inheritance east of River Elbe 295 Rules of undivided portion and inheritance explain shape of provinces 224 Ruthenian-German rapprochement in the early 11th century is myth Ruthenian legislation and Casimir’s sons 251 Ruthenian-Piast relations during times of Bolesław Wry-mouth Ruthenian-Piast relationships in days of Curvus 380 381 Ruthenian policy is cause of the defeat in Hungary 389 Ruthenians and Rus’ people versus authority in Poland 186 s Salomea’s dower 446 Sarnowo in Kuyavia, not Żarnowiec on Pilica river 333 Saxon opposition encourages Largus to pursue his own politics Saxons 414 Search for wife of Mieszko, son of Boleslaw, in Rus’ Second Pomeranian mission of St. Otto 291,292 438 Serbs organise power in Lusatia 30 Serbs succumb to influence of Teutons 40 Sieciech and his reign Sieciech and Judith 311 312 Sieciech’s attitude during Hungarian intervention 319 Siemomysl, Mieszko, Bolesław ֊ creators of state 55 Situation in Denmark versus Pomerania 392 Situation in Hungary and Zbigniew’s case 326 Situation in Hungary at beginning of 11th century 212 Situation in Hungary versus relations with Byzantium 277 468 260 191
Situation in Pomerania and first mission of St. Otto 428 Situation of Polish state in west and east 432 Slavdom to mouth of Elbe and along Rhine 41 Socio-economic changes and military system Sons excluded from inheritance 185 104 Sophia, wife of King Bolesław the Generous 272, 273 Sources on state condition after death of Bolesław III Sources regard Charles and Casimir as one figure St. Adalbert in Pomerania Stalemate in war of 1015 444 210 415 155 State weakening as result of religious conflict? 183 St. Otto in Pomerania. Duke Wartislaw 430 St. Otto on River Oder 439 St. Otto versus Wartislaw 431 Svatodorans and Piasts, capricious allies of Saxons Swantopolk Odrensis 70 434 T The chronology of Pomeranian events. Western Pomerania 405 There are no signs of continuity of Moravian law 36 Traces of Piasts’ presence in Western Pomerania Tradition of first Slavic states in Dagome? 79 90, 91 Tradition of palatine rule. Diplomacy 346 Tribute from Silesia and relations with Czechs 306 Tribute - price for recognising Mieszko’s power by Saxons Tribute. Transfers. Responsibilities 61 350 Two marriages of Casimir. One with Charles’s widow? 247 U Unclear biographies of Casimir and Charles, sons of Mieszko Undivided inheritance and division into provinces 236 297 Undivided inheritance casts light on Mieszko’s return 284 Undivided inheritance versus Greater Poland and Silesia 300 Undivided inheritance versus Mazovia and Kuyavia 298 469
Undivided property as instrument for transfer of land and power Unger’s expedition in 1007 (?) after Gaudentius’ death? Unger wants to replace (late?) Gaudentius? Veleti, Saxons, Lusatians versus Piasts 169 134 132 56 Vikings had no influence on creation of Poland 48 W War between Mieszko and Saxons over influence in Lusatia 66 War of 1015 was expression of new Piast political doctrine When and why did St. Bruno go to Hungary? Wichmann organizes Veleti 156 136 60 Wislje has nothing to do with Piasts 23 Władysław Herman in Pomerania 419 Wladyslaws are getting ready for confrontation Women during Herman’s time 359 287 z Zbigniew demands fulfilment of his rights 307 Zbigniew drags his brother into his political plans 330 Zbigniew imprisons Bolesław 364 Zbigniew is removed from his father court 308 Zbigniew loses his Hungarian ally 363 Zbigniew reluctantly looks at his brother’s Ruthenian marriage Zbigniew returns and claims his rights 315 Zbigniew’s activity in Pomerania 420 Zbigniew’s Czech origin 309 Zbigniew seeks support from Rus’ and Bolesław attacks 365 Zbigniew versus dynastic situation in Silesia 322 Zwentibold is priest of sowing 470 31 368
Dynasties Arpads; 75, 76,106,109,138,139,213,280, 292, 318, 322, 371, 387 Billungs; 55, 71,158,168, 206, 240, 261, 262, 410 Piasts; 19-21,23,24,26,29,32-34,38,39,42,43,45,47,49, 50, 56, 57,64, 7075,77,84,94,97,99,100,103,106,108,110,113,115,126,128,130,136-139, 141, 144-146, 148, 149, 151-159, 161, 163-166, 168, 170, 171, 173, 175, 179, 180,182-184,187,189-192,195-197,199,201,203-206,213-215,217,221,224, 229, 237, 241, 242, 244, 248, 253, 256, 268, 269, 276, 277, 280, 284, 289, 292, 296, 297, 299, 300, 304, 309, 324, 333, 346-349, 352-354, 360, 363, 364, 367, 370, 380, 385, 386, 394, 403, 404, 407, 410, 413-418, 421, 425-427, 432, 433, 439, 448, 450,452 Popielids; 19,21, 22,24, 26,28, 29,34, 36, 37,39-41, 406 Chroniclers Al.-Masudi; 49, 90 Cosma of Prague; 31, 32, 65, 94,105,106,130,168, 226, 227, 247, 258, 259, 270, 271, 302, 305, 306, 309, 326, 329, 332, 358, 373, 374,389 Długosz J.; 40, 44, 61, 206, 270-272, 276, 280, 290, 336, 337, 374, 411, 450 Gallus; 28, 30-32, 36, 42, 45, 77, 92, 103, 104, 111, 119, 121, 125, 131, 207, 210, 213, 227, 229, 235, 238, 240-242, 248, 250, 254, 255, 257, 258, 266, 267, 270,272,279-282,284-286,290,299,307,308,310-312,315-321,328,330-338, 32,35-349,353-356,358-360,362-365,370,377,404,413,416,418-420,22-424, 433, 431 Kadłubek V.; 27, 36, 37,170, 214, 217, 233, 240-242, 285, 319, 324, 335, 372, 406, 419, 444, 448, 451, 452 Nestor; 51,146,190, 217, 218,236,241,247, 250, 365,369 Thietmar of Merseburg; 58,60,61,69,77,89,92,94,115,118,119,123,140, 142,148,149,151,174, 205, 206, 216, 223, 237, 257, 283, 354, 390, 414, 415 Widukind of Corvey; 34,
38,45, 56, 59,295,325, 326,334, 352,414 Wipo of Burgundy; 80,180,192,193,195,197, 201, 210, 283, 284 Towns and strongholds Breslau; 132,158,167,174, 248, 252, 285, 299, 300, 307, 308, 315-317, 319, 320, 322, 323-327, 330, 332, 333, 335-338, 349, 349, 372, 415, 420, 450 475
Cracow; 23, 64, 89, 94,104,105, 111, 118,152,163,165,167,195,198-200, 207, 208, 217, 218, 220, 224, 225, 240, 244, 245,246, 249, 250, 265-271, 275, 282, 286, 287, 300, 306, 307, 319, 321, 322, 333, 335-337, 342, 348, 357, 358, 360, 415, 423, 441, 445, 448-452 Gniezno; 22,25,33,34,39,40,47,51,56,61,77,85,87-89,92,93,99,104, Юб108, 113, 115-121, 123, 125, 127,129,130-132, 134, 135, 138, 163, 164,170, 174, 175, 178, 186-188, 200, 211, 245, 264, 265, 268, 328, 336-338, 341,342, 345, 348, 353, 356, 365, 374, 375, 384, 386, 390, 391, 397, 398, 415, 430, 439 Kalisz; 72, 93, 204, 213, 239, 240, 245 252, 287, 296, 297, 339, 357, 358, 365 Kiev; 51, 129-131,136,137, 139, 140,144, 146, 153, 159-161, 166, 170, 175, 187, 209, 236, 253, 256-259, 264-268, 279, 281, 297, 359, 362, 365, 367, 388, 389 Kruszwica; 22-25, 33-35, 37-40, 46,47 Magdeburg; 62, 63, 66, 80, 85, 87, 107, 113-119, 124, 125,132-135, 143-145, 147-149, 174, 175, 229, 314, 383, 385-387, 390, 391, 394-396, 398, 428, 437, 438, 444 Meissen; 55,70,71,100,102,123,124,140,141,143,147,151,160,166,169, 195, 202, 209, 214, 259-261, 263, 264, 305,406,407 Merseburg; 4, 58, 78, 117-119, 134, 139, 142, 15-147, 149-151, 154, 157, 159,170, 179, 188, 192-194, 206, 216, 357, 373, 379, 393-397, 415, 417, 421, 431, 437 Nitra; 20,39, 72-74,82, 84,112,210,212,234,248,263,327,362 Olomouc; 104,114,123,132,211, 309,378 Płock; 93, 215, 225, 264, 267, 307, 333, 336, 341, 348, 353, 357, 369, 384 Poznań; 22, 23, 26, 33-36, 39, 47, 49, 61-63, 68, 80, 81, 84, 85, 87-89, 92, 93 , 100, 113-119, 123, 127, 129, 131-134, 138, 142, 143, 167, 173, 174, 180,
197, 199, 234, 336, 339, 341, 342, 345, 347, 353, 375, 388, 390 Prague; 38,55,62-65,94,113-116,119,123,125,126,131-133,135,142,143, 258, 259, 310, 315, 316, 329, 370, 373,374, 383,423 Regensburg; 62, 63, 65, 85,114,115, 131, 133, 144, 208, 244, 250, 288-290, 338,339,342,383 Sandomierz; 87,267, 292,295,333, 335,348,445, 447 Santok; 127, 213, 366, 404, 417, 420, 421, 422 Włocławek; 297, 353,384, 386, 415,429 476
Tribes Bohemians; 40,42, 50, 82,108,138,174,407 Dolomici; 406,407 Hungarians; 25, 45, 46, 73,136,181,186,190,191, 202, 237, 277, 280, 319, 321, 322, 356, 366, 376, 392 Lusatians; 56, 57, 60, 352, 407 Milceni; 26, 89, 407 Obodrites; 26, 41, 56, 67, 68,102,178,182,189, 403, 405-410, 412, 414, 430, 436 Saxons; 38, 39, 42, 46, 56-58, 61, 63, 66, 67, 69, 70, 73, 74, 77,108,113,115, 122, 130,139, 142-145, 147, 154, 158,172, 182, 201, 202, 204, 205, 217, 225, 242, 261-263, 295, 314, 318, 325, 326, 349, 352, 353, 376, 381, 398, 403, 405, 407, 408, 410-412, 414, 425 Serbs; 20, 23, 26, 27, 29, 30, 40-43, 45, 50,51, 91,179, 201, 405, 406 Sclavs; 20, 23, 26, 33, 41, 42, 44, 46, 50, 51, 56-60, 64, 66, 68, 73, 76, 82, 91, 96, 107-109, 116, 118, 123, 125, 129, 138, 143, 145, 166, 179, 205, 234, 288, 349, 351, 386, 387, 391, 405-410, 412, 413 Svatodorans; 26, 32,39,49, 57, 60, 70, 72, 80, 83, 205, 346, 407,412 Variangans; 51,187,407 Veleti; 56, 57, 59, 60, 64, 67, 73,102,130, 351, 352, 353, 403, 405-408, 410412, 414, 421, 427, 428, 430, 436, 437 477 |
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| author | Walkowski, Grzegorz Kazimierz 1965- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1057989665 |
| author_facet | Walkowski, Grzegorz Kazimierz 1965- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Walkowski, Grzegorz Kazimierz 1965- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047516259 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1284791302 (DE-599)BVBBV047516259 |
| edition | First edition |
| era | Geschichte 900-1138 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 900-1138 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Polska dbn Polska / do 1572 jhpk Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polska Polska / do 1572 Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV047516259 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:23:15Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:14:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788396087614 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032917019 |
| oclc_num | 1284791302 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 488 Seiten 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220713 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Czarna Perła |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Walkowski, Grzegorz Kazimierz 1965- Verfasser (DE-588)1057989665 aut The history of Poland and its socio-political system up to 1138 Grzegorz Kazimierz Walkowski First edition Bydgoszcz Wydawnictwo Czarna Perła 2021 488 Seiten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Piastowie / (dynastia) dbn Geschichte 900-1138 gnd rswk-swf Polityka dynastyczna dbn Polityka wewnętrzna dbn Polityka zagraniczna dbn Polska dbn Polska / do 1572 jhpk Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Geschichte 900-1138 z DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032917019&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032917019&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032917019&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München 25 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032917019&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Sachregister |
| spellingShingle | Walkowski, Grzegorz Kazimierz 1965- The history of Poland and its socio-political system up to 1138 Piastowie / (dynastia) dbn Polityka dynastyczna dbn Polityka wewnętrzna dbn Polityka zagraniczna dbn |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | The history of Poland and its socio-political system up to 1138 |
| title_auth | The history of Poland and its socio-political system up to 1138 |
| title_exact_search | The history of Poland and its socio-political system up to 1138 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The history of Poland and its socio-political system up to 1138 |
| title_full | The history of Poland and its socio-political system up to 1138 Grzegorz Kazimierz Walkowski |
| title_fullStr | The history of Poland and its socio-political system up to 1138 Grzegorz Kazimierz Walkowski |
| title_full_unstemmed | The history of Poland and its socio-political system up to 1138 Grzegorz Kazimierz Walkowski |
| title_short | The history of Poland and its socio-political system up to 1138 |
| title_sort | the history of poland and its socio political system up to 1138 |
| topic | Piastowie / (dynastia) dbn Polityka dynastyczna dbn Polityka wewnętrzna dbn Polityka zagraniczna dbn |
| topic_facet | Piastowie / (dynastia) Polityka dynastyczna Polityka wewnętrzna Polityka zagraniczna Polska Polska / do 1572 Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032917019&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032917019&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032917019&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032917019&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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