Into the forest: a Holocaust story of survival, triumph, and love
"Rebecca Frankel's Into the Forest is a gripping story of love, escape, and survival, from wartime Poland to a wedding in Connecticut. In the summer of 1942, the Rabinowitz family narrowly escaped the Nazi ghetto in their Polish town by fleeing to the forbidding Bialowieza Forest. They mir...
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York
St. Martin's Press
2021
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Rebecca Frankel's Into the Forest is a gripping story of love, escape, and survival, from wartime Poland to a wedding in Connecticut. In the summer of 1942, the Rabinowitz family narrowly escaped the Nazi ghetto in their Polish town by fleeing to the forbidding Bialowieza Forest. They miraculously survived two years in the woods-through brutal winters, Typhus outbreaks, and merciless Nazi raids-until they were liberated by the Red Army in 1944. After the war they trekked across the Alps into Italy where they settled as refugees before eventually immigrating to the United States. During the first ghetto massacre, Miriam Rabinowitz rescued a young boy named Philip by pretending he was her son. Nearly a decade later, a chance encounter at a wedding in Brooklyn would lead Philip to find the woman who saved him. And to discover her daughter Ruth was the love of his life. From a little-known chapter of Holocaust history, one family's inspiring true story of love, escape, and survival"-- |
| Beschreibung: | xiv, 335 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karte |
| ISBN: | 9781250267641 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a "Rebecca Frankel's Into the Forest is a gripping story of love, escape, and survival, from wartime Poland to a wedding in Connecticut. In the summer of 1942, the Rabinowitz family narrowly escaped the Nazi ghetto in their Polish town by fleeing to the forbidding Bialowieza Forest. They miraculously survived two years in the woods-through brutal winters, Typhus outbreaks, and merciless Nazi raids-until they were liberated by the Red Army in 1944. After the war they trekked across the Alps into Italy where they settled as refugees before eventually immigrating to the United States. During the first ghetto massacre, Miriam Rabinowitz rescued a young boy named Philip by pretending he was her son. Nearly a decade later, a chance encounter at a wedding in Brooklyn would lead Philip to find the woman who saved him. And to discover her daughter Ruth was the love of his life. From a little-known chapter of Holocaust history, one family's inspiring true story of love, escape, and survival"-- | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | ЩфгсЫМл Prologue: A Wedding in Brooklyn PART I: BEFORE 1 r. Ճ Wedding in Vilna 3 2: The Town Named After a Bird PART II: THE WAR xi 14 29 3: The Russians Invade 31 4: The Germans Invade 42 5: Back to Zhetel 58 6: The Ghetto 72 7: The Resistance 81 8: The First Selection and the Boyfrom Bilitza 92 9: The Escape PART III: THE FOREST 106 129 10: The First Winter 131 11: The Second Summer and the Boy with the Frozen Feet 161 12: Liberation 187
VIII PART IV: AFTER · CONTENTS 199 13: The Long Road Home 201 14: Across the Alps and to the Sea 221 15: In America 239 16: A Wedding in Connecticut 256 Epilogue 272 Author’s Note 277 Acknowledgments 283 Notes 293 Index 323
Index Abramowitz, Chaim, 63-64 Abramowitz, Irving, 59 Abramowitz, Morris, 63 Aida (opera), 235 Alexander, Grand Duke (of Lithuania), 14 Aipert, Abraham, 89 Alpert, Sara, 159 the Alps, 223-227 American Jewish Committee, 225 Ansky, S., 16 anti-Semitism. See ako ghettos, Jewish Communist rule and, 33-34 via concentration camps, 214-218,232 via Jewish boycotts, 12,24-25 via murder/genocide, xii-xiv, 47, 61-66,67-68,70-71,82,91, 95-104,108,111-125,133,142, 146,166-168,171,173,181,183, 191-192,203,207,214-218, 251-252,258-261,281 among partisan fighters, 144,157,159, 173-174 via pogroms, 24-26,218 in Poland, 12, 23-26,33,63,93, 109-110,209,218 post-WWII, 209, 218 in Zhetel, xii, 25,33,63 Arab-Israeli War, 237 Arch of Titus, Rome, 238 Associated Press, 215 Atlas, Yehezkel, 144,146,148,150,159, 173 Auschwitz concentration camp, 232 Bad Gastein, Austria, DP camp in, 262, 270 Bagration, Pyotr, 190 Bandenbekämpfmg (anti-partisan warfare), 147-152,174-177 Baranovich ghetto, 61,133 Baths of Caracalla, Rome, 234-235 BBC, 31 concentration camp coverage by, 216-217 Bein ha-Metzarim (the Three Weeks), 266 Belorussia, 14,17, 32, 58,70 forests of, ix, 83,131-199, 228,252 Jewish sympathizers in, 25, 36-37, 62-63,68-69, 72-73, 75-76,85, 103,134-136,149,177,192,202, 229-234,261 liberation of, 196-198 Nazi collaboration in, 95-96,111-112, 141-142,145,148-149,154-155, 162,175,202-203 partisan warfare in, 82-84, 86,88,91, 108,128,133-135,139,141-151,
324 · Belorussia (continued) partisan warfare in (continued) 157-159,162,172-179,184-185, 189-190,193-194,207,229,236, 252 Belorussian People’s Republic, 14 Belsky family, 36-37,62,68-69,72-73, 149,192,202 Bencianowski, Herz, 229-231 Bencianowski, Tina, 229-231 Bencianowski, Yolanda, 229-231 Ben-Gurion, David, 237 Berenshtein, Sonia, 118 Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, liberation of, 217 Berger, Fruma, 229 Berger, Motzke, 229 Berman, Isaac, 241 Berman, Mindül “Minnie,” 240-242 Betar (Zionist youth movement), 61 Beth David Synagogue, West Hartford, Connecticut, 269-271,272 Beth Hillel Synagogue, Bloomfield, Connecticut, 277-278,281 Białowieża Forest, Poland/Belarus, 15. See ako forest refugees animal life of, 132 characteristics of, 131-132,137 history of, 132-133 Jewish refugees in, xii, 133-198, 207, 229,236, 252,261 Bielski, Aaron, 173-174,175, 207, 229, 236,252 Bielski, Asael, 173-174,175,207, 229, 236,252 Bielski, Tuvia, 173-174,175, 207,229, 236,252 Bielski, Zus, 173-174, 175,207, 229,236, 252 “The Big Hunt” (anti-partisan raid), 174-177 Bilitza, Poland (now Belarus), xii-xiv, 61, 92-94,95,101,133,255,261 map of, ix Phffip’s visit,1993, to, 280 Birchall, Frederick T., 27 Black Monday, 70-71,173 Blut und Boden (blood and soil), 12 Bocelli, Andrea, 282 Bock, Fedor von, 69 INDEX Brenner Pass, Alps, 223-227 the Břicha (underground railroad), 219-220,221-227,233,262 Brooklyn College, New York, xii, 262 Brussels, liberation of, 191 Bulak, Pavel, 142,144 Bulat, Boris, 144 Bulganin, Nikolai, 215 Camp Shalom, Windsor, Connecticut, 243, 247,272 capitalism, 35-36 Catholic
Church. See Christians Catskills, New York, 264-268 Central Partisan Committee, Soviet Union, 173 Charney, Lova, 171 Charney, Mr. and Mrs. (forest refugees), 163,171 Christians, 15 anti-Semitic, 24-25,63 Jewish sympathizers among, 25, 62-63,75-76, 85,103,134-135,202, 229-231,232-234,261 Nazi collaborators among, 202-203 Soviet rule and, 34 Churchill, Winston, 43,186,190 C.J. Callaghan Paper Box Company, Hartford, Connecticut, 243,253 the Colosseum, Rome, 235 Communism, 48,53, 56. See ako Soviet Union living conditions under, 33-41 religious worship under, 34,40-41 Communist Central Committee, Soviet Union, 84 concentration camps Auschwitz, 232 Bergen-Belsen, 217 liberation of, 214-218 Majdanek, 214-218 Cooperman family (Zhetel ghetto), 104, 106-107,109,111-112,115-117,122 Crane, Miss (teacher), 247,249 Cunningham, Sir Alan, 237 Deretchin, Poland (now Belarus), ghetto of, 133,142,146 Dimbleby, Richard, 217
INDEX Dionne quintuplets, 18 Dirlewanger, Oskar, 175-177 displaced persons (DP) camps, 64 in Bad Gastein, Austria, 262,270 in Rome, Italy, 234-238, 252 in Santa Maria di Leuca, Italy, 227-234 Dunyetz, Shifra, 63-64 Dvoretsky, Alter, 67, 84-91,104-105, 108,133,142-143, 151 Dvoretz, Poland (now Belarus) ghetto/labor camp, 133,135,166-168, 181,232,261 map of, ix massacre at, 166-168 Dworetsky, Beryl (Miriam’s brother), 5-6, 39, 57 death of, 70-71, 207 German invasion and, 47,49 marriage of, 40 Dworetsky, Chana (Beryl’s wife), 40,47, 49 death of, 70-71, 207 Dworetsky, Gutei (Miriams father), 5-7, 9,38,270 death of, 70-71,207 German invasion and, 47,49, 52-53, 56,206-207 Dworetsky, Luba (Miriam’s sister), 5-6, 22,39-40,270, 279 Alps crossing by, 223-227 children born to, 234,266 as forest refugee, 136,138-140,142, 154-155,158,170,178,184,189 German invasion and, 47,49,51, 56-57,60, 71 ghetto escape by, 111-128 ghetto internment by, 73-74,98, 104-105 liberation from Nazis of, 196-198 marriage of, 234, 263-264 at Naples DP camp, 234 resistance movement and, 81 at Santa Maria di Leuca DP camp, 229, 231 US immigration by, 243 Zhetel massacres and, 98,104-125,133 Zhetel settlement, post-war, by, 202, 205-207 325 Dworetsky, Meirim (Miriam’s cousin), 136 death of, 158-159 escape from ghetto by, 111, 122-126 partisan fighting by, 88,158-159 Dworetsky, Rochel (Miriam’s mother), 5-6, 38 The Dybbuk (play), 16 Edlach, Judeleh, 65-66 Egypt, 237 Einsatzgruppen (Nazi Germany), 60, 63-66 ghetto massacres by, 91, 95-104, 111-125, 258-261 purpose of, 48-49, 71 Elyashiv, Mr. (forest refugee), 163
Elyashiv, Mrs. (forest refugee), 169-170 Epstein, Saul, 239,242 Epstein, Sonia, 239,242 escape from ghetto(s), 133,135,197-198 by Batsheva and Simcha Rabinowitz, 212-213 Jewish resistance’s plan for, 81, 88,91 by Miriam Rabinowitz, 105-107, 111-128 by Morris Rabinowitz, 120-121, 258 by Philip Łazowski, 258-261 by Rose Salman, 181-182 by Solomon Golanski, 251-252 by Tuvya Weinstein, 166-169 Faith and Destiny (Łazowski), 278 Feldman, Chaim, 55-56,201 as forest refugee, 137-140,142, 155-156,162,164-165,187-188, 194-196,198 Feldman, Leah, 137,188-189,201 Feldman, Motel “Motie,” 137-139,179, 201 Feldman, Samuel “Muley,” 137-139,179, 201 Fiolon, Shalom, 89-91 forest refugees crime/deception among, 138*139,150, 155-156, 159 disease’s spread among, 150,152-158, 168,177,188,261
32б forest refugees (continued) foraging for food by, 137,170-171,189 frostbite of, 153,164,168 hunting parties, by Nazi collaborators, for, 141-142,148-149,154-155,162 hunting parties, Nazi, for, 138, 140-141,161-162,194-195, 261 infanticide among, 172 liberation of, 196-198,261 Mayak campsite of, 140-141,168 medical care for, 157-158,188-189 orphans among, 181-183 partisan fighters, Jewish, among, 128,133,135,142-151,157-159, 173-175,184-185,207, 229,236,252 romance/sex among, 138-139,171-172 summer seasons and, 131-139, 161-184 survival statistics on, 197-198 Tel Aviv camp of, 136,149,153,160, 162,164-165 winter seasons and, 148-160,187-189, 261 zemlyanki shelters of, 139-141, 162- 163,187-188,193,194-196,261 The Forty Days ofMusa Dagh (Werfel), 76 Forward (newspaper), 240-241 France Normandy’s invasion in, 190-191 Paris’s liberation in, 191 war declaration by, 32 frostbite by forest refugees, 153,164,168 by German soldiers, 69,151 Froth, Mrs. (tutor), 247 Genghis Khan (of Mongolia), 27 Gerling, Shalom, 144 Gestapo, 66, 70-71, 90-91,95-104, 111-125 G. Fox Co., Hartford, Connecticut, 264 ghettos, Jewish. See ako specific ghettos Baranovich, 61,133 Deretchin, 133,142,146 Dvoretz, 133,135,166-168,181, 232, 261 Lida, 82-83, 92,157 Novogrudek, 70-71,83,115,120-121, 133,135,173,230,251 INDEX Vilna, 210,212 Zhetel, xii-xiv, 72-91,95-128,133, 135,171,181,183,197-198,203, 258-261,281 Golanski, Alan, 253,273-274 Golanski, Etta, 253,274 Golanski, Solomon, 251-253,273 Gorbatov, Boris, 217 Gottberg, Curt von, 151 the Great War. See World War I Green, Pinyeh, 144 griner (naïve),
245-246 Gruñía (forest refugee), 163,170-171 Habonim Dror youth movement, 232 Haganah (Jewish military organization), 225 Hanweg, Hermann, 82 Hartford Courant, 249,269 Hashomer Hatzair (Socialist Zionist group), 9-11 “Hatikvah” (Zionist anthem), 65 Herzel, Theodor, 237 Hillel, 249 Himmler, Heinrich, 48-49,151,176, 191.214 Hitler, Adolf, 24,46,69-70, 83,250. See aho Nazi Germany Bandenbekämpfung policy by, 147-152, 174-177 death of, 210 election to chancellor of, 12 election to Führer of, 26-27 lebensraum policy of, 12, 71,147 Hlond, August, 24 the Holocaust, xiii, 235,238, 244,254, 278-279,281. See ako anti-Semitism; concentration camps; ghettos, Jewish; Jews Iraq, 237 Isaiah (Batsheva Rabinowitz’s husband), 211.214 Israel, statehood of, 236-238 Italy illegal entries into, 223-227 Rome DP camp in, 234-238,252 Santa Maria di Leuca DP camp in, 227-234
INDEX Itka (Miriam Rabinowitz’s cousin), 5, 20, 39, 57 death of, 70-71,207 Japan, Pearl Harbor’s bombing by, 70 Jewish Brigade (UK), 225 Jewish Community Center, Hartford, Connecticut, 249-250 Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (US), 225 Jewish Police Force in Novogrudek ghetto, 230 in Zhetel ghetto, 81, 88,95,98, 111 “the Jewish Problem,” 24, 71 Jewish Telegraph Agency, 218 Jews. See also anti-Semitism boycotts against, 12,24-25 death statistics, WWII, on, xiii forced designation of, 12,62,100,134, 232 forests as refuge for, xii, 133-198, 207, 229,236,252,261 internment, in concentration camps, of, 214-218,232 internment, in ghettos, of, 72-128 murders/massacres/genocide of, xii-xiv, 47, 61-66,67-68,70-71, 82,91,95-104,108,111-125,133, 142,146,166-168,171,173,181, 183,191-192,203,207, 214-218, 251-252, 258-261,281 Orthodox, 265,268-269 partisan fighting by, 128,133,135, 142-151,157-159,173-175, 184-185,207,229, 236,252 pogroms against, 24-26, 218 the resistance movement by, 81-91,108 Soviet occupation and, 33-35,207 in Zhetel, pre-WWII, 7-9,14-18, 25-26 Johnson, Cassandra, 247 Judenrat (Jewish proxy authority), 66-67, 75,84-85, 91,104 Judemein policy (Jewish removal), 111-125 Juden Spiel (Jewish gauntlet run), 61 Junior Achiever (JA) program, 249 Kablinski family (of Zhetel), 35 • 3 27 Kaminsky, Herz, 182-183 Kaminsky, Samuel, 119 Kaplinsky, Hirsh, 77,143-146,148,150, 159,173 KaplinsJcy, Leib, 23, 65, 254 Kaplinsky, Mr. (ghetto escapee), 107, 124-125 Kiev Polytechnic Institute, Ukraine, 222 King David Hotel, Jerusalem, 237 Kogan, Dora, 221-224, 243, 270 Kogan, Jerry, 243
Kogan, Joseph, 222-224, 243, 270 Koslowski, Gloria, xii-xiv, 235-236, 243, 262 Kovner, Abba, 225 Kowieński, Eliyahu, 144,148 Kruchevsky, Joseph, 241, 244-245, 270 Kruchevsky, Sara Rivke, 240-242, 244-245, 270 Kruchevsky, Timothy, 242 Kudriavtsev, Dmitrii, 215 Langerman, Richard “Dickie” (Toby’s husband), 272-273 Langerman, Scott (Toby’s son), 273 Langerman, Toni (Toby’s daughter), 273 Lazarofski, Mr. (pharmacy owner), 7 Lazerowich, Arel, 59-60, 86, 89,91,113, 151 Lazerowich, Mr. (shoemaker), 16,59,113 Łazowski, Aaron (Philip’s brother), 258-260, 270, 281 Łazowski, Abraham (Philip’s brother), 258-259,270,281 Łazowski, Alan (Ruth/Philip’s son), 273 Łazowski, Barry (Ruth/Philip’s son), 273 Łazowski, Chaya (Philip’s mother), 93-96,101,110, 258-260,270, 281 Łazowski, David (Ruth/Philip’s son), 273 Łazowski, Feiga (Philip’s stepmother), 262,270 Łazowski, Joseph (Philip’s father), 93-96, 101, 258-259,261, 262, 270 Łazowski, Philip children born to, 273 education of, xi-xii, 262,267-268,271 escape from ghetto by, 258-261 as forest refugee, xii, 261-262 ghetto internment of, 92-101
328 Łazowski, Philip (continued) marriage of, 269-270 memoir by, 278 Miriam Rabinowitz’s rescue of xii-xiv, 98-100,110,254-255, 256-258 Miriam Rabinowitz’s reunion with, xi-xiv, 256-263 ordination of 278 Poland/Belarus visit, 1993, by, 280-281 Ruth Rabinowitz’s courtship by, 265-269 US immigration by, xii, 262 Zhetel massacres and, xii-xiv, 95-101 Łazowski, Rachel (Philip’s sister), 258-260, 270, 281 Łazowski, Robert (Rachmil) (Philip’s brother), 258, 261,262, 270 Lebanon, 237 lebensraum policy, 12, 71,147 Leoncavallo, Ruggero, 246 lice, 152-153,177 Lida, Poland (now Belarus) ghetto, 82-83, 92,157 map of ix Lipiczany Forest, Belorussia, 126,142, 144,150,157,173,182,228. See aho forest refugees; partisan fighters map of ix Mayák camp in, 140-141,168 Tel Aviv camp in, 136,149,153,160, 162, 164-165 Lithuania, 14 Nazi collaborators in, 95,111,145, 148-149,154-155,175, 203 Lublin, Poland, 209-213,219-220 Majdanek concentration camp at, 214-218 Luftwaffe, Nazi Germany, 44,49, 51-52, 54,148,174-175 Maconachie, Sir Richard, 217 Majdanek concentration camp, Poland genocide at, 214-218 liberation of, 214-215 media coverage of 215-217 Marchwinska, Esther, 82 Marson, Lionel, 31 Maryša (Manya) (housekeeper), 19 “Mattinata,” 246, 282 · INDEX Мауак camp, Lipiczany Forest, 140-141, 168 Mayron’s Bakery, Hartford, Connecticut, 243 Merskeh, Hinke, 8 Miasnik, Bronka, 157 Miasnik, Chaim, 157-158,162, 168-169, 175,188-189,197 Miasnik, Miriam, 157,197 Mickiewicz, Adam, 38 Minuskin, Sonia, 125,134-135 Miss Hartford contest, 250-251 Molczadski, Willie, 270 Molotov, Vyacheslav, 26,31-32,42-44, 83
Mossad Le Aliyah Bet (Haganah branch), 225 Moszkowski, Judith, 103-104 Nakrishki Forest, Belorussia, 162 Naliboki Forest, Belorussia, 174-177, 252 map of, ix Napoleonic Wars, 190 National Democratic Party “Endeks” (Poland), 25 Nazi Germany. See also Hitler, Adolf Bandenbekämpfung policy by, 147-152, 174-177 Britain/France war declaration on, 32 Eastern Front’s focus by, 69-70,147, 189-194 Einsatzgruppen of, 48-49, 60,63-66, 71, 91, 95-104,111-125, 258-261 Gestapo of 66,70-71,90-91,95-104, 111-125 Hitler’s election to chancellor in, 12 Hitler’s election to Führer in, 26-27 internment of Jews by, 72-128 Jew hunting parties of, 138,140-141, 161-162,194-195,261 Jewish boycotts by, 12,24 lebensraum policy of, 12,71,147 Luftwaffe of 44, 49, 51-52, 54,148, 174-175 murder/genocide by, xii-xiv, 47,61-66, 67-68, 70-71, 82, 91, 95-104,108, 111-125, 133,142,146,166-168, 171,173,181,183,191-192, 203, 207, 214-218, 251-252, 258-261, 281
INDEX nonaggression pact with Soviet Union by, 26, 31-32,42-43 Operation Bagration against, 190-191 Operation Barbarossa by, 42-44, 48-60,69-70,190 Operation Hamburg by, 148-151 Operation Hermann by, 174-177 Operation Overlord against, 190-191 partisan warfare against, 82-84, 86, 88, 91,108,128,133-135,139,141-151, 157-159,162,172-179,184-185, 189-190,193-194,207,229,236,252 Poland’s invasion by, 31-32,42-51,83 SD units of, 175 SS units of, 12,48-49,60,63-66, 71, 91,95-104,111-125,258-261 surrender of, 210 US war declaration on, 70 war crimes evidence against, 191-192, 214 Wehrmacht forces of, 44,48, 53-55, 59-61, 69-70,203 Neški, Leibel, 9-10 New York Times, 27 NKVD (Soviet secret police), 34-37,208 nonaggression pact (Germany-Soviet Union), 26, 31-32,42-43 Normandy, France, invasion of, 190-191 Northeast Junior High, Hartford, Connecticut, 246-249 Novogrudek, Poland (now Belarus), 5-8, 15,133,135 bombing of, 49-53 characteristics of, 37-38 German occupation of, 46-47, 53-57,60 ghetto/labor camp, 70-71,83,115, 120-121, 133,135,173, 230, 251 map of, ix massacres in/near, 63-66, 70-71,173, 207, 251-252 post-WWII condition of, 206 Soviet occupation of, 37-46,50-51, 207-210 Novoprudska, Riva, 82-83 “On the Principles of Cathobc Morality” (Hlond), 24 Operation Bagration (Soviet Union), 190-191 . 329 Operation Barbarossa (German), 42-44, 48-60,69-70,190 Operation Hamburg (German), 148-151 Operation Hermann (German), 174-177 Operation Overlord (Allied forces), 190-191 Otis, James, 247 Padlechewski family (of Zhetel), 35 Palestine British control over, 219-220,225-227, 236-237
Israel’s statehood and, 236-238 Jewish immigration to, 219-227,233 Rabinowitzes’ attempt to settle in, 219-238, 240-241, 262 underground railroad to, 219-227, 233 Paris, liberation of, 191 Parkhurst, Barbara Ann, 250-251 partisan fighters, 134,139,141 anti-Semitism among, 144,157, 159, 173-174 Bielski brothers group of, 173-175, 207, 229, 236,252 Germans captured by, 179 ghetto resistances partnership with, 82-84,86, 88, 91,108 hierarchy among, 144 Jewish, 128,133,135,142-151, 157-159,173-175,184-185, 207, 229, 236,252 liberation from Nazis of, 193-194 medical resources of, 157,162,172, 174,175 Operation Bagration support by, 189-190 Operation Hamburg against, 148-151 Operation Hermann against, 174-177 purpose of, 144 reorganization of, 173 statistics on numbers of, 147 weapons’ importance to, 143,146 Peace of Riga treaty of 1921,14 Pearl Harbor, bombing of, 70 Peter, Saint, 228 Piłsudski, Józef, 23-24 The Pioneer Club, Catskills, New York, 265-266,268
330 Poale Zion (Marxist-Zionist group), 84 Poland. See also specific cities anti-Semitism in, 12,23-26,33, 63,93, 109-110,209,218 forests of Belorussia and, ix, 83, 131-199,228,252 Germany’s invasion of, 31-32 Jewish sympathizers in, 134-135 Majdanek concentration camp in, 214-218 Nazi collaborators in, 148-149, 154-155, 203 refugees, post-war, in, 210 Soviet invasion/occupation of, 32-41, 45-46, 50-51, 202-210 WWII death statistics on, xiii Pravda, 217 Rabinowitz, Batsheva (Morris’s aunt), 4, 60-61,145-146,210-211 ghetto escape by, 212-213 Majdanek visit by, 214-217 Rabinowitz, Beri (Morris’s father), 11, 202, 204, 240,270 characteristics of, 21-22 death of, 104,281 German invasion and, 47, 54-55,60, 65-67,68 ghetto internment of, 74-75,98,104 Judenrat service by, 66-67,104 Soviet occupation and, 35 Zhetel massacres and, 98,104, 281 Rabinowitz, Beyla (Morris’s mother), 11, 202,204, 240, 270 characteristics of, 21 German invasion and, 47,66,68 ghetto internment of, 74-75, 98, 112-113 Soviet occupation and, 35 Zhetel massacres and, 98,112-113, 136,281 Rabinowitz, Cherna (Morris’s sister), 22 German invasion and, 45,47, 54, 60-61, 65 ghetto internment of, 74-75,98, 112-113 Zhetel massacres and, 98,112-113, 136, 281 Rabinowitz, Gloria (Morris’s cousin), 245 · INDEX Rabinowitz, Issy (Morris’s cousin) death of, 184-185,213 German invasion and, 60-61 ghetto internment of, 98 partisan fighting by, 145-147,184-185, 213 Rabinowitz, Miriam Dworetsky “Manya” (Morris’s wife) Alps crossing by, 223-227 Americanization of daughters and, 245-248 Batsheva and Simcha Rabinowitz reunion with,
210-218 Canaan, New Hampshire settlement by, 272-275 childhood of, 5-7 cousin’s immigration sponsorship by, 251-253 death of, 275 forest hideout, first, of, 136-160 forest hideout, second, of, 161-186, 187-193 forest hideout, third, of, 193-196 Germany’s invasion and, 47-57,60-62, 66, 70-71 ghetto escape by, 111-128 ghetto internment of, 72-80,81, 98-100,104-105,106-111 Hartford, Connecticut settlement by, 242-271 immigration to US by, 239-255 liberation from Nazis of, 196-198 Lublin, Poland, relocation by, 209-220 Majdanek visit by, 214-218 marriage of, 3-5,12,18,41, 60, 253-254,272-275 Morris’s courtship of, 10-12 Novogrudek settlement, post-war, by, 205-210 ovarian cancer of, 274-275 Palestine settlement attempt by, 219-238, 240-241, 262 Philip Lazowski’s rescue by, xii-xiv, 98-100, 110, 254-255,256-258 Philip Lazowski’s reunion with, xi-xiv, 256-263 professions of, 7-9,18,22-23, 35,243, 248 at Rome DP camp, 234-238
INDEX Ruth’s marriage and, 268-270 at Santa Maria di Leuca DP camp, 227-234 Soviet invasion/occupation and, 35-41, 202,205,207 typhus contraction by, 153-160 underground railroad’s transport of, 219-227,233 Zhetel massacres and, xii-xiv, 98-100, 104-105,111-125 Zhetel settlement, post-war, by, 201-205 Rabinowitz, Morris “Maeshke” (Miriams husband) Alps crossing by, 223-227 Americanization of daughters and, 245-248 background of, 10 Batsheva and Simcha Rabinowitz reunion with, 210-218 Canaan, New Hampshire settlement by, 272-275 cousin’s immigration sponsorship by, 251-253 death of, 275 forest alliances by, 137-140,141,142, 155-156,160 forest expertise of, 137-138,141,160, 161-163 forest hideout, first, of, 136-160 forest hideout, second, of, 161-186, 187-193 forest hideout, third, of, 193-196 Germany’s invasion and, 47-57,60-62, 65-66 ghetto escape by, 120-121,258 ghetto internment of, 72-80,98-100, 104-105,106-121 Hartford, Connecticut settlement by, 242-271 immigration to US by, 239-255 liberation from Nazis of, 196-198 Lublin, Poland, relocation by, 209-220 Majdanek visit by, 214-218 marriage of, 3-5,12,18,41,60, 253-254,272-275 military service by, П, 32-33 Miriam’s courtship by, 10-12 • 331 Miriam’s illnesses and, 153-158, 274-275 Novogrudek settlement, post-war, by, 205-210 Palestine settlement attempt by, 219-238, 240-241,262 professions of, 10,23, 37, 65,66, 137-138,141,160,243,248,253,272 at Rome DP camp, 234-238 Ruth’s marriage and, 268-270 at Santa Maria di Leuca DP camp, 227-234 Soviet invasion/occupation and, 35-41, 202, 205, 207 underground railroad’s
transport of, 219-227, 233 Zhetel massacres and, 98-100, 104-105, 111-121,258 Zhetel settlement, post-war, by, 201-205 Rabinowitz, Morris (Morris’s uncle), 240, 270 Rabinowitz, Ruth (Rochel) (Miriam/ Morris’s daughter), 20-22, 36,40-41, 277, 279 Alps crossing by, 223-227 Americanization efforts of, 246-247 Batsheva and Simcha Rabinowitz reunion with, 211-218 birth of, 18-19 children born to, 273 Communism’s impact on, 34,39,208, 210 education of, 34,208,231-232, 235-236, 246-247, 264, 267,271 escape from ghetto by, 111-128 as forest refugee, 133-196 German invasion and, 47, 52,56 ghetto internment of, 74-80,98-100, 109-110 Hartford, Connecticut settlement by, 242-264 illnesses of, 188,195-196 jobs/career of, 264,266,278 liberation from Nazis of, 196-198 Majdanek visit by, 214-218 marriage of, 269-270 Novogrudek settlement, post-war, by, 205-210
332 Rabinowitz, Ruth (Rochel) (continued) parents’ deaths and, 275 Philip Łazowski s courtship of, 265-269 Poland/Belarus visit, 1993, by, 280-281 at Rome DP camp, 234-238 at Santa Maria di Leuca DP camp, 227-234 synagogue teaching by, 278,281 talent contest performance of, 246, 282 US immigration by, 239-255 Zhetel massacres and, 98-100 Zhetel settlement, post-war, by, 201-205 Rabinowitz, Saul (Morris’s uncle), 4,11, 60-61,145,212 Rabinowitz, Shirley (Morris’s cousin), 245 Rabinowitz, Simcha (Morris’s cousin), 61, 145-146, 210-218 Rabinowitz, Solomon (Morris’s brother), 60,208 Rabinowitz, Sophie (Morris’s aunt), 241 Rabinowitz, Toby (Tania) (Miriam/Morris’s daughter), 20-22, 36 Alps crossing by, 223-227 Americanization efforts of, 245-251 Batsheva and Simcha Rabinowitz reunion with, 211-218 birth of, 19 children born to, 273 Communisms impact on, 34,39 education of, 34,208, 231-232, 235, 246, 249 escape from ghetto by, 111 -128 as forest refugee, 133-196 German invasion and, 47, 52, 56 ghetto internment of, 74-80,98-100, 109-110 Hartford, Connecticut settlement by, 242-271 illnesses of, 110,188 jobs of, 264 liberation from Nazis of, 196-198 Majdanek visit by, 214-218 marriage of, 272 · INDEX Miss Hartford competition by, 250-251 Novogrudek settlement, post-war, by, 205-210 parents’ deaths and, 275 Poland/Belarus visit, 1993, by, 280-281 at Rome DP camp, 234-238 Ruth’s marriage and, 270 at Santa Maria di Leuca DP camp, 227-234 US immigration by, 239-255 Zhetel massacres and, 98-100 Zhetel settlement, post-war, by, 201-205 Razno w, Mira, 118 Raznow, Morris, 150 Raznow, Sara,
99-100,118 Red Cross, 196,237 Junior, 249 Red Star, 215 refugees, 210. See aho displaced persons (DP) camps; forest refugees in displaced persons camps, 64, 227-238,252, 262,270 in forest, xii, 133-198,207, 229, 236, 252,261 resistance, Jewish ghetto betrayals within, 89-91 escape as goal of, 81,88,91 organization of, 85-89 Russian partisans’ partnership with, 82-84, 86, 91,108 Reuters news, 215 Reuter, Wilhelm, 62,114-115,252, 261 Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 26, 31-32, 42-43 Rickettsia prowazekii (bacteria), 153 Rome, Italy DP camp in, 234-238,252 Jewish history in, 238 Roosevelt, Franklin, 43,186,190 Rozwaski, Bashe, 101-103 Rozwaski, Chaim, 64, 74, 78, 101-103, 202 Rozwaski, Dovid, 64,101,202 Rozwaski, Yoseph, 78-79 Rubin, Sulia, 173,191 Sakier, Ben (Beryl) (Luba’s husband), 224-227,270
INDEX children born to, 234,266 as forest refugee, 138-139,162,164, 196-198 marriage of, 234,263-264 US immigration by, 243 Sakier, Gloria (Gita) (Luba’s daughter), 243, 267,270 birth of, 234 Sakier, Seymour (Luba’s son), 266,270 Salman, Rose, 181-182 Salutski, Abraham, 142 Santa Maria di Leuca, Italy DP camp in, 227-234 history of, 227-228 schein (work paper), 75, 77,79, 85, 97-100,111-113,143,261 Schulenburg, Friedrich-Werner von der, 42-44 SD (Sicherheitsdienst) units, 175 Senderowski, Marsha, 59-60, 77, 203-204 Senderowski, Sonya, 59-60,204 “Shalom Aleichem,” 233 Shi-Nite (Junior Achiever project), 249 Siberia, 34-35, 37-38, 208 Simcha (Cherna Rabinowitz’s son), 45, 56,61, 74-75, 98,112-113,136, 281 Simonov, Konstantin, 215-216 Snap, Antonio, 233 Socialism, 9,17, 25, 34-35, 232 Soviet Union Eastern Front fighting by, 69-70,147, 189-194 Germany’s invasion of, 42-51, 83 indoctrination efforts by, 35, 208,210, 216 living conditions under rule of, 33-41 Majdaneks liberation by, 214-216 NKVD forces of, 34-37, 208 nonaggression pact with Germany by, 26, 31-32,42-43 Operation Bagration by, 190-191 partisan warfare supporting, 82-84, 86, 88, 91,108, 128,133-135,139, 141-151,157-159,162,172-179, 184-185,189-190,193-194,207, 229, 236, 252 Poland/Belorussia’s liberation by, 196-198 • 333 Poland’s invasion/occupation by, 32-41,45-46, 50-51, 202-205, 207-209 religion’s practice in, 34,207 Siberian work camps in, 34-35, 37-38, 208 SS (Nazi security force), 12 Einsatzgruppen branch of, 48-49,60, 63-66,71,91,95-104,111-125, 258-261 murder/genocide by, xii-xiv, 47,61-66, 67-68, 70-71,
82, 91, 95-104,108, 111-125,133,142,146,166-168, 171,173,181,183,191-192,203, 207,214-218,251-252, 258-261, 281 Operation Hermann by, 175-177 Stalin, Joseph, 31-35,186,189-190. See also Soviet Union Germany’s invasion of Soviet Union and, 43-44, 46, 83 partisan fighters call by, 147 Star of David designation on businesses, 12 on interned Jews, 62,100,134 reclamation of, 232 Syria, 237 Tarzan (movie), 229 Tel Aviv Museum, Israel, 237 Tel Aviv camp, Lipiczany Forest, 136,149, 153,160,162,164-165 Terry and the Pirates (comic strip), 247 Titus, Emperor (Roman), 238 Toby Tyler or, Ten Weeks with a Circus (Otis), 247 Transjordan, 237 Traub, Wilhelm, 62,97-100,108 Trinity University, 271 Truman, Harry, 237 typhus, 168, 261 cause of, 152-153 Miriam’s contraction of, 153-158 Ruth and Toby’s contraction of, 188 Ukraine, 222 Nazi collaborators in, 148-149, 203 partisan fighters in, 184-185 United Kingdom, 151 anti-Semitism in, 216-217
334 United Kingdom (continued) Bergen-Belsen’s liberation by, 217 Palestine’s control by, 219-220, 225-227, 236-237 war declaration by, 32 United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), 228, 234 United States (US) Israels recognition by, 237 Rabinowitzes’ immigration to, 239-255 war declaration by, 70 war/immigrant perspectives in, 244-248 University of Connecticut, 264, 267, 271 Vakhonin, Nikolai “Kolya,” 144 Vanya (ghetto traitor), 89-90 Verdi, Giuseppe, 235 Vilna, Lithuania, 16, 61,73,145-146, 202 ghetto of, 210, 212 liberation of, 191 Miriam and Morris’s wedding in, 3-4, 12,60 Vulcania, MS (ship), 239-240 Wallach family, 72-73,136,149,177, 192,202 Weaver High School, Hartford, Connecticut, 249 Wehrmacht forces, Nazi Germany, 44,48, 53-55, 59-61, 203 seasonal hardships of, 69-70 Weinstein, Chaim, 171 Weinstein, David, 166 Weinstein, Faigel, 164-165,196,201, 205 Weinstein, Maishel, 164-165,187,196, 201, 205 Weinstein, Nioma, 164-169,177,196, 201,205 Weinstein, Rywa, 166-167 Weinstein, Tuvya, 164-165,177,179-180, 183,187,192-196,201,205 at DP camp, 270 escape from ghetto by, 166-169 Werfel, Franz, 76 · INDEX Werner (SS officer), 82 Werth, Alexander, 216 White Paper (on Palestine), 225 Windisch, Leopold, 82 Winterton, Paul, 216 World War I (WWI), 14, 23,47 World War II (WWII). See also Nazi Germany concentration camp liberations in, 214-218 deaths, in total, from, xiii deaths, of Jews, in, xiii Eastern Front of, 69-70,147,189-194 German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact in, 26,31-32,42-43 Germany’s surrender in, 210 Operation Bagration in, 190-191 Operation
Barbarossa in, 42-44,48-60, 69-70,190 Operation Hamburg in, 148-151 Operation Hermann in, 174-177 Operation Overlord in, 190-191 partisan fighting in, 82-84, 86, 88, 91, 108,128,133-135,139,141-151, 157-159,162,172-179, 184-185, 189-190,193-194,207, 229, 236, 252 refiigees/displaced persons post֊, 64, 207, 210,227-238,252, 262, 270 Yeshiva University, xi, 262,268 Zalman (Chema Rabinowitz’s husband), 47, 61, 65 Zalstein family (of Zhetel), 35 zemlyanki (shelters), 139-141, 162-163, 261 final hideout, 187-188,193,194-196 Zhetel ghetto, 72-73. See aho escape from ghetto(s) escape from, 81,88,91,105,106-128, 133,135,197-198 Jewish Police Force in, 81, 88, 95,98, 111 living conditions in, 74-80 massacres in, xii-xiv, 91,95-104,108, 111-125,133,171,181,183, 203, 258-261,281 resistance group in, 81-91,108
INDEX Zhetel, Poland (now Belarus) anti-Semitism in, xii, 25, 33,63 fire of 1933 in, 11 German occupation of, 58-128 history/characteristics of, 14-18 Judenrat of, 66-67, 75, 84-85, 91,104 map of, ix Miriam Rabinowitz’s business in, 7-9, 18, 22-23, 35 • 335 population demographics of, 14-18 post-WWII condition of, 201-202, 205 Philip/Ruth/Toby visit, 1993, to, 280-281 Soviet invasion/occupation of, 31, 33-37, 202-205 Zionism, 7,9-11,17, 34, 61, 65, 84,143, 220,225, 232, 237-238,241 Zukotun, Ohat, 89 Λ Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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ЩфгсЫМл Prologue: A Wedding in Brooklyn PART I: BEFORE 1 r. Ճ Wedding in Vilna 3 2: The Town Named After a Bird PART II: THE WAR xi 14 29 3: The Russians Invade 31 4: The Germans Invade 42 5: Back to Zhetel 58 6: The Ghetto 72 7: The Resistance 81 8: The First Selection and the Boyfrom Bilitza 92 9: The Escape PART III: THE FOREST 106 129 10: The First Winter 131 11: The Second Summer and the Boy with the Frozen Feet 161 12: Liberation 187
VIII PART IV: AFTER · CONTENTS 199 13: The Long Road Home 201 14: Across the Alps and to the Sea 221 15: In America 239 16: A Wedding in Connecticut 256 Epilogue 272 Author’s Note 277 Acknowledgments 283 Notes 293 Index 323
Index Abramowitz, Chaim, 63-64 Abramowitz, Irving, 59 Abramowitz, Morris, 63 Aida (opera), 235 Alexander, Grand Duke (of Lithuania), 14 Aipert, Abraham, 89 Alpert, Sara, 159 the Alps, 223-227 American Jewish Committee, 225 Ansky, S., 16 anti-Semitism. See ako ghettos, Jewish Communist rule and, 33-34 via concentration camps, 214-218,232 via Jewish boycotts, 12,24-25 via murder/genocide, xii-xiv, 47, 61-66,67-68,70-71,82,91, 95-104,108,111-125,133,142, 146,166-168,171,173,181,183, 191-192,203,207,214-218, 251-252,258-261,281 among partisan fighters, 144,157,159, 173-174 via pogroms, 24-26,218 in Poland, 12, 23-26,33,63,93, 109-110,209,218 post-WWII, 209, 218 in Zhetel, xii, 25,33,63 Arab-Israeli War, 237 Arch of Titus, Rome, 238 Associated Press, 215 Atlas, Yehezkel, 144,146,148,150,159, 173 Auschwitz concentration camp, 232 Bad Gastein, Austria, DP camp in, 262, 270 Bagration, Pyotr, 190 Bandenbekämpfmg (anti-partisan warfare), 147-152,174-177 Baranovich ghetto, 61,133 Baths of Caracalla, Rome, 234-235 BBC, 31 concentration camp coverage by, 216-217 Bein ha-Metzarim (the Three Weeks), 266 Belorussia, 14,17, 32, 58,70 forests of, ix, 83,131-199, 228,252 Jewish sympathizers in, 25, 36-37, 62-63,68-69, 72-73, 75-76,85, 103,134-136,149,177,192,202, 229-234,261 liberation of, 196-198 Nazi collaboration in, 95-96,111-112, 141-142,145,148-149,154-155, 162,175,202-203 partisan warfare in, 82-84, 86,88,91, 108,128,133-135,139,141-151,
324 · Belorussia (continued) partisan warfare in (continued) 157-159,162,172-179,184-185, 189-190,193-194,207,229,236, 252 Belorussian People’s Republic, 14 Belsky family, 36-37,62,68-69,72-73, 149,192,202 Bencianowski, Herz, 229-231 Bencianowski, Tina, 229-231 Bencianowski, Yolanda, 229-231 Ben-Gurion, David, 237 Berenshtein, Sonia, 118 Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, liberation of, 217 Berger, Fruma, 229 Berger, Motzke, 229 Berman, Isaac, 241 Berman, Mindül “Minnie,” 240-242 Betar (Zionist youth movement), 61 Beth David Synagogue, West Hartford, Connecticut, 269-271,272 Beth Hillel Synagogue, Bloomfield, Connecticut, 277-278,281 Białowieża Forest, Poland/Belarus, 15. See ako forest refugees animal life of, 132 characteristics of, 131-132,137 history of, 132-133 Jewish refugees in, xii, 133-198, 207, 229,236, 252,261 Bielski, Aaron, 173-174,175, 207, 229, 236,252 Bielski, Asael, 173-174,175,207, 229, 236,252 Bielski, Tuvia, 173-174,175, 207,229, 236,252 Bielski, Zus, 173-174, 175,207, 229,236, 252 “The Big Hunt” (anti-partisan raid), 174-177 Bilitza, Poland (now Belarus), xii-xiv, 61, 92-94,95,101,133,255,261 map of, ix Phffip’s visit,1993, to, 280 Birchall, Frederick T., 27 Black Monday, 70-71,173 Blut und Boden (blood and soil), 12 Bocelli, Andrea, 282 Bock, Fedor von, 69 INDEX Brenner Pass, Alps, 223-227 the Břicha (underground railroad), 219-220,221-227,233,262 Brooklyn College, New York, xii, 262 Brussels, liberation of, 191 Bulak, Pavel, 142,144 Bulat, Boris, 144 Bulganin, Nikolai, 215 Camp Shalom, Windsor, Connecticut, 243, 247,272 capitalism, 35-36 Catholic
Church. See Christians Catskills, New York, 264-268 Central Partisan Committee, Soviet Union, 173 Charney, Lova, 171 Charney, Mr. and Mrs. (forest refugees), 163,171 Christians, 15 anti-Semitic, 24-25,63 Jewish sympathizers among, 25, 62-63,75-76, 85,103,134-135,202, 229-231,232-234,261 Nazi collaborators among, 202-203 Soviet rule and, 34 Churchill, Winston, 43,186,190 C.J. Callaghan Paper Box Company, Hartford, Connecticut, 243,253 the Colosseum, Rome, 235 Communism, 48,53, 56. See ako Soviet Union living conditions under, 33-41 religious worship under, 34,40-41 Communist Central Committee, Soviet Union, 84 concentration camps Auschwitz, 232 Bergen-Belsen, 217 liberation of, 214-218 Majdanek, 214-218 Cooperman family (Zhetel ghetto), 104, 106-107,109,111-112,115-117,122 Crane, Miss (teacher), 247,249 Cunningham, Sir Alan, 237 Deretchin, Poland (now Belarus), ghetto of, 133,142,146 Dimbleby, Richard, 217
INDEX Dionne quintuplets, 18 Dirlewanger, Oskar, 175-177 displaced persons (DP) camps, 64 in Bad Gastein, Austria, 262,270 in Rome, Italy, 234-238, 252 in Santa Maria di Leuca, Italy, 227-234 Dunyetz, Shifra, 63-64 Dvoretsky, Alter, 67, 84-91,104-105, 108,133,142-143, 151 Dvoretz, Poland (now Belarus) ghetto/labor camp, 133,135,166-168, 181,232,261 map of, ix massacre at, 166-168 Dworetsky, Beryl (Miriam’s brother), 5-6, 39, 57 death of, 70-71, 207 German invasion and, 47,49 marriage of, 40 Dworetsky, Chana (Beryl’s wife), 40,47, 49 death of, 70-71, 207 Dworetsky, Gutei (Miriams father), 5-7, 9,38,270 death of, 70-71,207 German invasion and, 47,49, 52-53, 56,206-207 Dworetsky, Luba (Miriam’s sister), 5-6, 22,39-40,270, 279 Alps crossing by, 223-227 children born to, 234,266 as forest refugee, 136,138-140,142, 154-155,158,170,178,184,189 German invasion and, 47,49,51, 56-57,60, 71 ghetto escape by, 111-128 ghetto internment by, 73-74,98, 104-105 liberation from Nazis of, 196-198 marriage of, 234, 263-264 at Naples DP camp, 234 resistance movement and, 81 at Santa Maria di Leuca DP camp, 229, 231 US immigration by, 243 Zhetel massacres and, 98,104-125,133 Zhetel settlement, post-war, by, 202, 205-207 325 Dworetsky, Meirim (Miriam’s cousin), 136 death of, 158-159 escape from ghetto by, 111, 122-126 partisan fighting by, 88,158-159 Dworetsky, Rochel (Miriam’s mother), 5-6, 38 The Dybbuk (play), 16 Edlach, Judeleh, 65-66 Egypt, 237 Einsatzgruppen (Nazi Germany), 60, 63-66 ghetto massacres by, 91, 95-104, 111-125, 258-261 purpose of, 48-49, 71 Elyashiv, Mr. (forest refugee), 163
Elyashiv, Mrs. (forest refugee), 169-170 Epstein, Saul, 239,242 Epstein, Sonia, 239,242 escape from ghetto(s), 133,135,197-198 by Batsheva and Simcha Rabinowitz, 212-213 Jewish resistance’s plan for, 81, 88,91 by Miriam Rabinowitz, 105-107, 111-128 by Morris Rabinowitz, 120-121, 258 by Philip Łazowski, 258-261 by Rose Salman, 181-182 by Solomon Golanski, 251-252 by Tuvya Weinstein, 166-169 Faith and Destiny (Łazowski), 278 Feldman, Chaim, 55-56,201 as forest refugee, 137-140,142, 155-156,162,164-165,187-188, 194-196,198 Feldman, Leah, 137,188-189,201 Feldman, Motel “Motie,” 137-139,179, 201 Feldman, Samuel “Muley,” 137-139,179, 201 Fiolon, Shalom, 89-91 forest refugees crime/deception among, 138*139,150, 155-156, 159 disease’s spread among, 150,152-158, 168,177,188,261
32б forest refugees (continued) foraging for food by, 137,170-171,189 frostbite of, 153,164,168 hunting parties, by Nazi collaborators, for, 141-142,148-149,154-155,162 hunting parties, Nazi, for, 138, 140-141,161-162,194-195, 261 infanticide among, 172 liberation of, 196-198,261 Mayak campsite of, 140-141,168 medical care for, 157-158,188-189 orphans among, 181-183 partisan fighters, Jewish, among, 128,133,135,142-151,157-159, 173-175,184-185,207, 229,236,252 romance/sex among, 138-139,171-172 summer seasons and, 131-139, 161-184 survival statistics on, 197-198 Tel Aviv camp of, 136,149,153,160, 162,164-165 winter seasons and, 148-160,187-189, 261 zemlyanki shelters of, 139-141, 162- 163,187-188,193,194-196,261 The Forty Days ofMusa Dagh (Werfel), 76 Forward (newspaper), 240-241 France Normandy’s invasion in, 190-191 Paris’s liberation in, 191 war declaration by, 32 frostbite by forest refugees, 153,164,168 by German soldiers, 69,151 Froth, Mrs. (tutor), 247 Genghis Khan (of Mongolia), 27 Gerling, Shalom, 144 Gestapo, 66, 70-71, 90-91,95-104, 111-125 G. Fox Co., Hartford, Connecticut, 264 ghettos, Jewish. See ako specific ghettos Baranovich, 61,133 Deretchin, 133,142,146 Dvoretz, 133,135,166-168,181, 232, 261 Lida, 82-83, 92,157 Novogrudek, 70-71,83,115,120-121, 133,135,173,230,251 INDEX Vilna, 210,212 Zhetel, xii-xiv, 72-91,95-128,133, 135,171,181,183,197-198,203, 258-261,281 Golanski, Alan, 253,273-274 Golanski, Etta, 253,274 Golanski, Solomon, 251-253,273 Gorbatov, Boris, 217 Gottberg, Curt von, 151 the Great War. See World War I Green, Pinyeh, 144 griner (naïve),
245-246 Gruñía (forest refugee), 163,170-171 Habonim Dror youth movement, 232 Haganah (Jewish military organization), 225 Hanweg, Hermann, 82 Hartford Courant, 249,269 Hashomer Hatzair (Socialist Zionist group), 9-11 “Hatikvah” (Zionist anthem), 65 Herzel, Theodor, 237 Hillel, 249 Himmler, Heinrich, 48-49,151,176, 191.214 Hitler, Adolf, 24,46,69-70, 83,250. See aho Nazi Germany Bandenbekämpfung policy by, 147-152, 174-177 death of, 210 election to chancellor of, 12 election to Führer of, 26-27 lebensraum policy of, 12, 71,147 Hlond, August, 24 the Holocaust, xiii, 235,238, 244,254, 278-279,281. See ako anti-Semitism; concentration camps; ghettos, Jewish; Jews Iraq, 237 Isaiah (Batsheva Rabinowitz’s husband), 211.214 Israel, statehood of, 236-238 Italy illegal entries into, 223-227 Rome DP camp in, 234-238,252 Santa Maria di Leuca DP camp in, 227-234
INDEX Itka (Miriam Rabinowitz’s cousin), 5, 20, 39, 57 death of, 70-71,207 Japan, Pearl Harbor’s bombing by, 70 Jewish Brigade (UK), 225 Jewish Community Center, Hartford, Connecticut, 249-250 Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (US), 225 Jewish Police Force in Novogrudek ghetto, 230 in Zhetel ghetto, 81, 88,95,98, 111 “the Jewish Problem,” 24, 71 Jewish Telegraph Agency, 218 Jews. See also anti-Semitism boycotts against, 12,24-25 death statistics, WWII, on, xiii forced designation of, 12,62,100,134, 232 forests as refuge for, xii, 133-198, 207, 229,236,252,261 internment, in concentration camps, of, 214-218,232 internment, in ghettos, of, 72-128 murders/massacres/genocide of, xii-xiv, 47, 61-66,67-68,70-71, 82,91,95-104,108,111-125,133, 142,146,166-168,171,173,181, 183,191-192,203,207, 214-218, 251-252, 258-261,281 Orthodox, 265,268-269 partisan fighting by, 128,133,135, 142-151,157-159,173-175, 184-185,207,229, 236,252 pogroms against, 24-26, 218 the resistance movement by, 81-91,108 Soviet occupation and, 33-35,207 in Zhetel, pre-WWII, 7-9,14-18, 25-26 Johnson, Cassandra, 247 Judenrat (Jewish proxy authority), 66-67, 75,84-85, 91,104 Judemein policy (Jewish removal), 111-125 Juden Spiel (Jewish gauntlet run), 61 Junior Achiever (JA) program, 249 Kablinski family (of Zhetel), 35 • 3 27 Kaminsky, Herz, 182-183 Kaminsky, Samuel, 119 Kaplinsky, Hirsh, 77,143-146,148,150, 159,173 KaplinsJcy, Leib, 23, 65, 254 Kaplinsky, Mr. (ghetto escapee), 107, 124-125 Kiev Polytechnic Institute, Ukraine, 222 King David Hotel, Jerusalem, 237 Kogan, Dora, 221-224, 243, 270 Kogan, Jerry, 243
Kogan, Joseph, 222-224, 243, 270 Koslowski, Gloria, xii-xiv, 235-236, 243, 262 Kovner, Abba, 225 Kowieński, Eliyahu, 144,148 Kruchevsky, Joseph, 241, 244-245, 270 Kruchevsky, Sara Rivke, 240-242, 244-245, 270 Kruchevsky, Timothy, 242 Kudriavtsev, Dmitrii, 215 Langerman, Richard “Dickie” (Toby’s husband), 272-273 Langerman, Scott (Toby’s son), 273 Langerman, Toni (Toby’s daughter), 273 Lazarofski, Mr. (pharmacy owner), 7 Lazerowich, Arel, 59-60, 86, 89,91,113, 151 Lazerowich, Mr. (shoemaker), 16,59,113 Łazowski, Aaron (Philip’s brother), 258-260, 270, 281 Łazowski, Abraham (Philip’s brother), 258-259,270,281 Łazowski, Alan (Ruth/Philip’s son), 273 Łazowski, Barry (Ruth/Philip’s son), 273 Łazowski, Chaya (Philip’s mother), 93-96,101,110, 258-260,270, 281 Łazowski, David (Ruth/Philip’s son), 273 Łazowski, Feiga (Philip’s stepmother), 262,270 Łazowski, Joseph (Philip’s father), 93-96, 101, 258-259,261, 262, 270 Łazowski, Philip children born to, 273 education of, xi-xii, 262,267-268,271 escape from ghetto by, 258-261 as forest refugee, xii, 261-262 ghetto internment of, 92-101
328 Łazowski, Philip (continued) marriage of, 269-270 memoir by, 278 Miriam Rabinowitz’s rescue of xii-xiv, 98-100,110,254-255, 256-258 Miriam Rabinowitz’s reunion with, xi-xiv, 256-263 ordination of 278 Poland/Belarus visit, 1993, by, 280-281 Ruth Rabinowitz’s courtship by, 265-269 US immigration by, xii, 262 Zhetel massacres and, xii-xiv, 95-101 Łazowski, Rachel (Philip’s sister), 258-260, 270, 281 Łazowski, Robert (Rachmil) (Philip’s brother), 258, 261,262, 270 Lebanon, 237 lebensraum policy, 12, 71,147 Leoncavallo, Ruggero, 246 lice, 152-153,177 Lida, Poland (now Belarus) ghetto, 82-83, 92,157 map of ix Lipiczany Forest, Belorussia, 126,142, 144,150,157,173,182,228. See aho forest refugees; partisan fighters map of ix Mayák camp in, 140-141,168 Tel Aviv camp in, 136,149,153,160, 162, 164-165 Lithuania, 14 Nazi collaborators in, 95,111,145, 148-149,154-155,175, 203 Lublin, Poland, 209-213,219-220 Majdanek concentration camp at, 214-218 Luftwaffe, Nazi Germany, 44,49, 51-52, 54,148,174-175 Maconachie, Sir Richard, 217 Majdanek concentration camp, Poland genocide at, 214-218 liberation of, 214-215 media coverage of 215-217 Marchwinska, Esther, 82 Marson, Lionel, 31 Maryša (Manya) (housekeeper), 19 “Mattinata,” 246, 282 · INDEX Мауак camp, Lipiczany Forest, 140-141, 168 Mayron’s Bakery, Hartford, Connecticut, 243 Merskeh, Hinke, 8 Miasnik, Bronka, 157 Miasnik, Chaim, 157-158,162, 168-169, 175,188-189,197 Miasnik, Miriam, 157,197 Mickiewicz, Adam, 38 Minuskin, Sonia, 125,134-135 Miss Hartford contest, 250-251 Molczadski, Willie, 270 Molotov, Vyacheslav, 26,31-32,42-44, 83
Mossad Le'Aliyah Bet (Haganah branch), 225 Moszkowski, Judith, 103-104 Nakrishki Forest, Belorussia, 162 Naliboki Forest, Belorussia, 174-177, 252 map of, ix Napoleonic Wars, 190 National Democratic Party “Endeks” (Poland), 25 Nazi Germany. See also Hitler, Adolf Bandenbekämpfung policy by, 147-152, 174-177 Britain/France war declaration on, 32 Eastern Front’s focus by, 69-70,147, 189-194 Einsatzgruppen of, 48-49, 60,63-66, 71, 91, 95-104,111-125, 258-261 Gestapo of 66,70-71,90-91,95-104, 111-125 Hitler’s election to chancellor in, 12 Hitler’s election to Führer in, 26-27 internment of Jews by, 72-128 Jew hunting parties of, 138,140-141, 161-162,194-195,261 Jewish boycotts by, 12,24 lebensraum policy of, 12,71,147 Luftwaffe of 44, 49, 51-52, 54,148, 174-175 murder/genocide by, xii-xiv, 47,61-66, 67-68, 70-71, 82, 91, 95-104,108, 111-125, 133,142,146,166-168, 171,173,181,183,191-192, 203, 207, 214-218, 251-252, 258-261, 281
INDEX nonaggression pact with Soviet Union by, 26, 31-32,42-43 Operation Bagration against, 190-191 Operation Barbarossa by, 42-44, 48-60,69-70,190 Operation Hamburg by, 148-151 Operation Hermann by, 174-177 Operation Overlord against, 190-191 partisan warfare against, 82-84, 86, 88, 91,108,128,133-135,139,141-151, 157-159,162,172-179,184-185, 189-190,193-194,207,229,236,252 Poland’s invasion by, 31-32,42-51,83 SD units of, 175 SS units of, 12,48-49,60,63-66, 71, 91,95-104,111-125,258-261 surrender of, 210 US war declaration on, 70 war crimes evidence against, 191-192, 214 Wehrmacht forces of, 44,48, 53-55, 59-61, 69-70,203 Neški, Leibel, 9-10 New York Times, 27 NKVD (Soviet secret police), 34-37,208 nonaggression pact (Germany-Soviet Union), 26, 31-32,42-43 Normandy, France, invasion of, 190-191 Northeast Junior High, Hartford, Connecticut, 246-249 Novogrudek, Poland (now Belarus), 5-8, 15,133,135 bombing of, 49-53 characteristics of, 37-38 German occupation of, 46-47, 53-57,60 ghetto/labor camp, 70-71,83,115, 120-121, 133,135,173, 230, 251 map of, ix massacres in/near, 63-66, 70-71,173, 207, 251-252 post-WWII condition of, 206 Soviet occupation of, 37-46,50-51, 207-210 Novoprudska, Riva, 82-83 “On the Principles of Cathobc Morality” (Hlond), 24 Operation Bagration (Soviet Union), 190-191 . 329 Operation Barbarossa (German), 42-44, 48-60,69-70,190 Operation Hamburg (German), 148-151 Operation Hermann (German), 174-177 Operation Overlord (Allied forces), 190-191 Otis, James, 247 Padlechewski family (of Zhetel), 35 Palestine British control over, 219-220,225-227, 236-237
Israel’s statehood and, 236-238 Jewish immigration to, 219-227,233 Rabinowitzes’ attempt to settle in, 219-238, 240-241, 262 underground railroad to, 219-227, 233 Paris, liberation of, 191 Parkhurst, Barbara Ann, 250-251 partisan fighters, 134,139,141 anti-Semitism among, 144,157, 159, 173-174 Bielski brothers group of, 173-175, 207, 229, 236,252 Germans captured by, 179 ghetto resistances partnership with, 82-84,86, 88, 91,108 hierarchy among, 144 Jewish, 128,133,135,142-151, 157-159,173-175,184-185, 207, 229, 236,252 liberation from Nazis of, 193-194 medical resources of, 157,162,172, 174,175 Operation Bagration support by, 189-190 Operation Hamburg against, 148-151 Operation Hermann against, 174-177 purpose of, 144 reorganization of, 173 statistics on numbers of, 147 weapons’ importance to, 143,146 Peace of Riga treaty of 1921,14 Pearl Harbor, bombing of, 70 Peter, Saint, 228 Piłsudski, Józef, 23-24 The Pioneer Club, Catskills, New York, 265-266,268
330 Poale Zion (Marxist-Zionist group), 84 Poland. See also specific cities anti-Semitism in, 12,23-26,33, 63,93, 109-110,209,218 forests of Belorussia and, ix, 83, 131-199,228,252 Germany’s invasion of, 31-32 Jewish sympathizers in, 134-135 Majdanek concentration camp in, 214-218 Nazi collaborators in, 148-149, 154-155, 203 refugees, post-war, in, 210 Soviet invasion/occupation of, 32-41, 45-46, 50-51, 202-210 WWII death statistics on, xiii Pravda, 217 Rabinowitz, Batsheva (Morris’s aunt), 4, 60-61,145-146,210-211 ghetto escape by, 212-213 Majdanek visit by, 214-217 Rabinowitz, Beri (Morris’s father), 11, 202, 204, 240,270 characteristics of, 21-22 death of, 104,281 German invasion and, 47, 54-55,60, 65-67,68 ghetto internment of, 74-75,98,104 Judenrat service by, 66-67,104 Soviet occupation and, 35 Zhetel massacres and, 98,104, 281 Rabinowitz, Beyla (Morris’s mother), 11, 202,204, 240, 270 characteristics of, 21 German invasion and, 47,66,68 ghetto internment of, 74-75, 98, 112-113 Soviet occupation and, 35 Zhetel massacres and, 98,112-113, 136,281 Rabinowitz, Cherna (Morris’s sister), 22 German invasion and, 45,47, 54, 60-61, 65 ghetto internment of, 74-75,98, 112-113 Zhetel massacres and, 98,112-113, 136, 281 Rabinowitz, Gloria (Morris’s cousin), 245 · INDEX Rabinowitz, Issy (Morris’s cousin) death of, 184-185,213 German invasion and, 60-61 ghetto internment of, 98 partisan fighting by, 145-147,184-185, 213 Rabinowitz, Miriam Dworetsky “Manya” (Morris’s wife) Alps crossing by, 223-227 Americanization of daughters and, 245-248 Batsheva and Simcha Rabinowitz reunion with,
210-218 Canaan, New Hampshire settlement by, 272-275 childhood of, 5-7 cousin’s immigration sponsorship by, 251-253 death of, 275 forest hideout, first, of, 136-160 forest hideout, second, of, 161-186, 187-193 forest hideout, third, of, 193-196 Germany’s invasion and, 47-57,60-62, 66, 70-71 ghetto escape by, 111-128 ghetto internment of, 72-80,81, 98-100,104-105,106-111 Hartford, Connecticut settlement by, 242-271 immigration to US by, 239-255 liberation from Nazis of, 196-198 Lublin, Poland, relocation by, 209-220 Majdanek visit by, 214-218 marriage of, 3-5,12,18,41, 60, 253-254,272-275 Morris’s courtship of, 10-12 Novogrudek settlement, post-war, by, 205-210 ovarian cancer of, 274-275 Palestine settlement attempt by, 219-238, 240-241, 262 Philip Lazowski’s rescue by, xii-xiv, 98-100, 110, 254-255,256-258 Philip Lazowski’s reunion with, xi-xiv, 256-263 professions of, 7-9,18,22-23, 35,243, 248 at Rome DP camp, 234-238
INDEX Ruth’s marriage and, 268-270 at Santa Maria di Leuca DP camp, 227-234 Soviet invasion/occupation and, 35-41, 202,205,207 typhus contraction by, 153-160 underground railroad’s transport of, 219-227,233 Zhetel massacres and, xii-xiv, 98-100, 104-105,111-125 Zhetel settlement, post-war, by, 201-205 Rabinowitz, Morris “Maeshke” (Miriams husband) Alps crossing by, 223-227 Americanization of daughters and, 245-248 background of, 10 Batsheva and Simcha Rabinowitz reunion with, 210-218 Canaan, New Hampshire settlement by, 272-275 cousin’s immigration sponsorship by, 251-253 death of, 275 forest alliances by, 137-140,141,142, 155-156,160 forest expertise of, 137-138,141,160, 161-163 forest hideout, first, of, 136-160 forest hideout, second, of, 161-186, 187-193 forest hideout, third, of, 193-196 Germany’s invasion and, 47-57,60-62, 65-66 ghetto escape by, 120-121,258 ghetto internment of, 72-80,98-100, 104-105,106-121 Hartford, Connecticut settlement by, 242-271 immigration to US by, 239-255 liberation from Nazis of, 196-198 Lublin, Poland, relocation by, 209-220 Majdanek visit by, 214-218 marriage of, 3-5,12,18,41,60, 253-254,272-275 military service by, П, 32-33 Miriam’s courtship by, 10-12 • 331 Miriam’s illnesses and, 153-158, 274-275 Novogrudek settlement, post-war, by, 205-210 Palestine settlement attempt by, 219-238, 240-241,262 professions of, 10,23, 37, 65,66, 137-138,141,160,243,248,253,272 at Rome DP camp, 234-238 Ruth’s marriage and, 268-270 at Santa Maria di Leuca DP camp, 227-234 Soviet invasion/occupation and, 35-41, 202, 205, 207 underground railroad’s
transport of, 219-227, 233 Zhetel massacres and, 98-100, 104-105, 111-121,258 Zhetel settlement, post-war, by, 201-205 Rabinowitz, Morris (Morris’s uncle), 240, 270 Rabinowitz, Ruth (Rochel) (Miriam/ Morris’s daughter), 20-22, 36,40-41, 277, 279 Alps crossing by, 223-227 Americanization efforts of, 246-247 Batsheva and Simcha Rabinowitz reunion with, 211-218 birth of, 18-19 children born to, 273 Communism’s impact on, 34,39,208, 210 education of, 34,208,231-232, 235-236, 246-247, 264, 267,271 escape from ghetto by, 111-128 as forest refugee, 133-196 German invasion and, 47, 52,56 ghetto internment of, 74-80,98-100, 109-110 Hartford, Connecticut settlement by, 242-264 illnesses of, 188,195-196 jobs/career of, 264,266,278 liberation from Nazis of, 196-198 Majdanek visit by, 214-218 marriage of, 269-270 Novogrudek settlement, post-war, by, 205-210
332 Rabinowitz, Ruth (Rochel) (continued) parents’ deaths and, 275 Philip Łazowski s courtship of, 265-269 Poland/Belarus visit, 1993, by, 280-281 at Rome DP camp, 234-238 at Santa Maria di Leuca DP camp, 227-234 synagogue teaching by, 278,281 talent contest performance of, 246, 282 US immigration by, 239-255 Zhetel massacres and, 98-100 Zhetel settlement, post-war, by, 201-205 Rabinowitz, Saul (Morris’s uncle), 4,11, 60-61,145,212 Rabinowitz, Shirley (Morris’s cousin), 245 Rabinowitz, Simcha (Morris’s cousin), 61, 145-146, 210-218 Rabinowitz, Solomon (Morris’s brother), 60,208 Rabinowitz, Sophie (Morris’s aunt), 241 Rabinowitz, Toby (Tania) (Miriam/Morris’s daughter), 20-22, 36 Alps crossing by, 223-227 Americanization efforts of, 245-251 Batsheva and Simcha Rabinowitz reunion with, 211-218 birth of, 19 children born to, 273 Communisms impact on, 34,39 education of, 34,208, 231-232, 235, 246, 249 escape from ghetto by, 111 -128 as forest refugee, 133-196 German invasion and, 47, 52, 56 ghetto internment of, 74-80,98-100, 109-110 Hartford, Connecticut settlement by, 242-271 illnesses of, 110,188 jobs of, 264 liberation from Nazis of, 196-198 Majdanek visit by, 214-218 marriage of, 272 · INDEX Miss Hartford competition by, 250-251 Novogrudek settlement, post-war, by, 205-210 parents’ deaths and, 275 Poland/Belarus visit, 1993, by, 280-281 at Rome DP camp, 234-238 Ruth’s marriage and, 270 at Santa Maria di Leuca DP camp, 227-234 US immigration by, 239-255 Zhetel massacres and, 98-100 Zhetel settlement, post-war, by, 201-205 Razno w, Mira, 118 Raznow, Morris, 150 Raznow, Sara,
99-100,118 Red Cross, 196,237 Junior, 249 Red Star, 215 refugees, 210. See aho displaced persons (DP) camps; forest refugees in displaced persons camps, 64, 227-238,252, 262,270 in forest, xii, 133-198,207, 229, 236, 252,261 resistance, Jewish ghetto betrayals within, 89-91 escape as goal of, 81,88,91 organization of, 85-89 Russian partisans’ partnership with, 82-84, 86, 91,108 Reuters news, 215 Reuter, Wilhelm, 62,114-115,252, 261 Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 26, 31-32, 42-43 Rickettsia prowazekii (bacteria), 153 Rome, Italy DP camp in, 234-238,252 Jewish history in, 238 Roosevelt, Franklin, 43,186,190 Rozwaski, Bashe, 101-103 Rozwaski, Chaim, 64, 74, 78, 101-103, 202 Rozwaski, Dovid, 64,101,202 Rozwaski, Yoseph, 78-79 Rubin, Sulia, 173,191 Sakier, Ben (Beryl) (Luba’s husband), 224-227,270
INDEX children born to, 234,266 as forest refugee, 138-139,162,164, 196-198 marriage of, 234,263-264 US immigration by, 243 Sakier, Gloria (Gita) (Luba’s daughter), 243, 267,270 birth of, 234 Sakier, Seymour (Luba’s son), 266,270 Salman, Rose, 181-182 Salutski, Abraham, 142 Santa Maria di Leuca, Italy DP camp in, 227-234 history of, 227-228 schein (work paper), 75, 77,79, 85, 97-100,111-113,143,261 Schulenburg, Friedrich-Werner von der, 42-44 SD (Sicherheitsdienst) units, 175 Senderowski, Marsha, 59-60, 77, 203-204 Senderowski, Sonya, 59-60,204 “Shalom Aleichem,” 233 Shi-Nite (Junior Achiever project), 249 Siberia, 34-35, 37-38, 208 Simcha (Cherna Rabinowitz’s son), 45, 56,61, 74-75, 98,112-113,136, 281 Simonov, Konstantin, 215-216 Snap, Antonio, 233 Socialism, 9,17, 25, 34-35, 232 Soviet Union Eastern Front fighting by, 69-70,147, 189-194 Germany’s invasion of, 42-51, 83 indoctrination efforts by, 35, 208,210, 216 living conditions under rule of, 33-41 Majdaneks liberation by, 214-216 NKVD forces of, 34-37, 208 nonaggression pact with Germany by, 26, 31-32,42-43 Operation Bagration by, 190-191 partisan warfare supporting, 82-84, 86, 88, 91,108, 128,133-135,139, 141-151,157-159,162,172-179, 184-185,189-190,193-194,207, 229, 236, 252 Poland/Belorussia’s liberation by, 196-198 • 333 Poland’s invasion/occupation by, 32-41,45-46, 50-51, 202-205, 207-209 religion’s practice in, 34,207 Siberian work camps in, 34-35, 37-38, 208 SS (Nazi security force), 12 Einsatzgruppen branch of, 48-49,60, 63-66,71,91,95-104,111-125, 258-261 murder/genocide by, xii-xiv, 47,61-66, 67-68, 70-71,
82, 91, 95-104,108, 111-125,133,142,146,166-168, 171,173,181,183,191-192,203, 207,214-218,251-252, 258-261, 281 Operation Hermann by, 175-177 Stalin, Joseph, 31-35,186,189-190. See also Soviet Union Germany’s invasion of Soviet Union and, 43-44, 46, 83 partisan fighters call by, 147 Star of David designation on businesses, 12 on interned Jews, 62,100,134 reclamation of, 232 Syria, 237 Tarzan (movie), 229 Tel Aviv Museum, Israel, 237 Tel Aviv camp, Lipiczany Forest, 136,149, 153,160,162,164-165 Terry and the Pirates (comic strip), 247 Titus, Emperor (Roman), 238 Toby Tyler or, Ten Weeks with a Circus (Otis), 247 Transjordan, 237 Traub, Wilhelm, 62,97-100,108 Trinity University, 271 Truman, Harry, 237 typhus, 168, 261 cause of, 152-153 Miriam’s contraction of, 153-158 Ruth and Toby’s contraction of, 188 Ukraine, 222 Nazi collaborators in, 148-149, 203 partisan fighters in, 184-185 United Kingdom, 151 anti-Semitism in, 216-217
334 United Kingdom (continued) Bergen-Belsen’s liberation by, 217 Palestine’s control by, 219-220, 225-227, 236-237 war declaration by, 32 United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), 228, 234 United States (US) Israels recognition by, 237 Rabinowitzes’ immigration to, 239-255 war declaration by, 70 war/immigrant perspectives in, 244-248 University of Connecticut, 264, 267, 271 Vakhonin, Nikolai “Kolya,” 144 Vanya (ghetto traitor), 89-90 Verdi, Giuseppe, 235 Vilna, Lithuania, 16, 61,73,145-146, 202 ghetto of, 210, 212 liberation of, 191 Miriam and Morris’s wedding in, 3-4, 12,60 Vulcania, MS (ship), 239-240 Wallach family, 72-73,136,149,177, 192,202 Weaver High School, Hartford, Connecticut, 249 Wehrmacht forces, Nazi Germany, 44,48, 53-55, 59-61, 203 seasonal hardships of, 69-70 Weinstein, Chaim, 171 Weinstein, David, 166 Weinstein, Faigel, 164-165,196,201, 205 Weinstein, Maishel, 164-165,187,196, 201, 205 Weinstein, Nioma, 164-169,177,196, 201,205 Weinstein, Rywa, 166-167 Weinstein, Tuvya, 164-165,177,179-180, 183,187,192-196,201,205 at DP camp, 270 escape from ghetto by, 166-169 Werfel, Franz, 76 · INDEX Werner (SS officer), 82 Werth, Alexander, 216 White Paper (on Palestine), 225 Windisch, Leopold, 82 Winterton, Paul, 216 World War I (WWI), 14, 23,47 World War II (WWII). See also Nazi Germany concentration camp liberations in, 214-218 deaths, in total, from, xiii deaths, of Jews, in, xiii Eastern Front of, 69-70,147,189-194 German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact in, 26,31-32,42-43 Germany’s surrender in, 210 Operation Bagration in, 190-191 Operation
Barbarossa in, 42-44,48-60, 69-70,190 Operation Hamburg in, 148-151 Operation Hermann in, 174-177 Operation Overlord in, 190-191 partisan fighting in, 82-84, 86, 88, 91, 108,128,133-135,139,141-151, 157-159,162,172-179, 184-185, 189-190,193-194,207, 229, 236, 252 refiigees/displaced persons post֊, 64, 207, 210,227-238,252, 262, 270 Yeshiva University, xi, 262,268 Zalman (Chema Rabinowitz’s husband), 47, 61, 65 Zalstein family (of Zhetel), 35 zemlyanki (shelters), 139-141, 162-163, 261 final hideout, 187-188,193,194-196 Zhetel ghetto, 72-73. See aho escape from ghetto(s) escape from, 81,88,91,105,106-128, 133,135,197-198 Jewish Police Force in, 81, 88, 95,98, 111 living conditions in, 74-80 massacres in, xii-xiv, 91,95-104,108, 111-125,133,171,181,183, 203, 258-261,281 resistance group in, 81-91,108
INDEX Zhetel, Poland (now Belarus) anti-Semitism in, xii, 25, 33,63 fire of 1933 in, 11 German occupation of, 58-128 history/characteristics of, 14-18 Judenrat of, 66-67, 75, 84-85, 91,104 map of, ix Miriam Rabinowitz’s business in, 7-9, 18, 22-23, 35 • 335 population demographics of, 14-18 post-WWII condition of, 201-202, 205 Philip/Ruth/Toby visit, 1993, to, 280-281 Soviet invasion/occupation of, 31, 33-37, 202-205 Zionism, 7,9-11,17, 34, 61, 65, 84,143, 220,225, 232, 237-238,241 Zukotun, Ohat, 89 Λ Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| author | Frankel, Rebecca |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1243126256 |
| author_facet | Frankel, Rebecca |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Frankel, Rebecca |
| author_variant | r f rf |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047510406 |
| contents | Before -- The War -- The forest -- After |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1286881408 (DE-599)BVBBV047510406 |
| era | Geschichte 1942-1944 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1942-1944 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Bialowiezer Heide (DE-588)4212270-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Bialowiezer Heide |
| id | DE-604.BV047510406 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:21:38Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:14:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781250267641 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Frankel, Rebecca Verfasser (DE-588)1243126256 aut Into the forest a Holocaust story of survival, triumph, and love Rebecca Frankel New York St. Martin's Press 2021 xiv, 335 Seiten, 16 ungezählte Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karte txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Before -- The War -- The forest -- After "Rebecca Frankel's Into the Forest is a gripping story of love, escape, and survival, from wartime Poland to a wedding in Connecticut. In the summer of 1942, the Rabinowitz family narrowly escaped the Nazi ghetto in their Polish town by fleeing to the forbidding Bialowieza Forest. They miraculously survived two years in the woods-through brutal winters, Typhus outbreaks, and merciless Nazi raids-until they were liberated by the Red Army in 1944. After the war they trekked across the Alps into Italy where they settled as refugees before eventually immigrating to the United States. During the first ghetto massacre, Miriam Rabinowitz rescued a young boy named Philip by pretending he was her son. Nearly a decade later, a chance encounter at a wedding in Brooklyn would lead Philip to find the woman who saved him. And to discover her daughter Ruth was the love of his life. From a little-known chapter of Holocaust history, one family's inspiring true story of love, escape, and survival"-- Geschichte 1942-1944 gnd rswk-swf Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd rswk-swf Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd rswk-swf Bialowiezer Heide (DE-588)4212270-3 gnd rswk-swf Rabinowitz family Jews / Belarus / Dzi͡atlava (Hrodzenskai͡a voblastsʹ) / Biography Rabinowitz, Miriam Dworetsky / 1908-1981 Rabinowitz, Morris / 1906-1982 Lazowski, Philip Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) / Poland World War, 1939-1945 / Jews / Bialowieza Forest (Poland and Belarus) Holocaust survivors / Connecticut / Hartford / Biography Jews Belarus / Dzi͡atlava (Hrodzenskai͡a voblastsʹ) Connecticut / Hartford Europe / Bialowieza Forest Poland Biography Biographies (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Bialowiezer Heide (DE-588)4212270-3 g Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 s Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 s Geschichte 1942-1944 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-250-26765-8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032911292&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032911292&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Frankel, Rebecca Into the forest a Holocaust story of survival, triumph, and love Before -- The War -- The forest -- After Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028814-6 (DE-588)4028808-0 (DE-588)4212270-3 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Into the forest a Holocaust story of survival, triumph, and love |
| title_auth | Into the forest a Holocaust story of survival, triumph, and love |
| title_exact_search | Into the forest a Holocaust story of survival, triumph, and love |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Into the forest a Holocaust story of survival, triumph, and love |
| title_full | Into the forest a Holocaust story of survival, triumph, and love Rebecca Frankel |
| title_fullStr | Into the forest a Holocaust story of survival, triumph, and love Rebecca Frankel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Into the forest a Holocaust story of survival, triumph, and love Rebecca Frankel |
| title_short | Into the forest |
| title_sort | into the forest a holocaust story of survival triumph and love |
| title_sub | a Holocaust story of survival, triumph, and love |
| topic | Judenverfolgung (DE-588)4028814-6 gnd Juden (DE-588)4028808-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Judenverfolgung Juden Bialowiezer Heide Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032911292&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032911292&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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