Voices from the silent cradles: life histories of Romania's looked-after children
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Bristol, UK
Policy Press
2021
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | vi, 235 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781447357988 |
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| adam_text | Contents Acknowledgements vi 1 Introduction 1 2 Romania: what underlay the orphan crisis 9 3 Where do children go when they can t stay with their families? 27 4 Childhoods in care 51 5 Teen years in care and their ways out 125 6 Exploring life trajectories: what mattered to them 159 7 The benefit of hindsight: learning for policy and practice 187 Epilogue 207 Notes 209 References 211 Index 229 v
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Index Page numbers in bold type refer to tables. in intercountry adoptions 150, 169, 185 in residential care 76, 85, 128, 131, 173, 175 of residential institutions 72 anti-abortion policy 10-11 aspirations 136-7 Atkinson, R. 160 attachment 184, 195 attachment theories 13-14, 47 Avram, Marin 14 Austin, Alexandra 39 Australia 35, 36, 40, 43 A 4 Months, 3 Weeks, 2 Days 11 Abandonment Law 18 abortion 10, 11, 101 Absolutely Fabulous 107 abuse 121, 192, 201 domestic adoptions 101, 103 foster care 2, 34, 91, 96 intercountry adoption 39, 110, 111, 119, 123, 199 residential care 29, 30, 130-1, 175, 176, 199 peer abuse 31-2, 70, 72, 74-7, 177 small group homes 31, 80, 85 ADHD 43, 99, 110, 112, 121, 154, 169 adolescence in domestic adoptions 143-8, 157-8 in foster care 137-43, 157 identity formation 126, 168 in intercountry adoptions 149-56, 158 in residential care 127-37, 157, 158 adoption 3, 28, 34-8, 198, 202 identity formation 163, 164, 167-9, 173 outcomes 179-82 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 192-3 see also domestic adoption; intercountry adoption; kinship adoption Adoption and Safe Families Act (USA) 201-2 adulthood outcomes in 160-1 from adoption 179-82, 195 from foster care 178-9 reflections on 182-6 from residential care 174-8, 194 transition to adulthood 47 from domestic adoption 147-8 from foster care 142-3 from intercountry adoption 149-56 from residential care 131-7 age 31, 65, 132, 181 agency 161, 167, 184 in foster care 138, 143, 157 В baby boom 10-11 ‘Bald Angels, The’ (Dan Verona) 14-15 Bartholet, Elisabeth 38 Baumeister, Roy 197 BBC 15,28,51 Bejenaru, A. 9
Berridge, D. 29 Biesel, K. 200 birth families 123, 176 adoption 36 attachment to 47 domestic adoptions contact with 102 knowledge of 103-7, 143, 144, 148, 170-1 reunions with 195 foster care 33, 94, 170 identity formation 170 intercountry adoption 40 contact with 108, 119 reunions with 114—15,116-18, 151, 152-3, 167, 170, 171 search for 195 residential care contact with 30, 70, 81, 82, 129, 167 knowledge of 31, 127 reunions with 170,171 see also siblings birth rate 10, 11 Blue Peter programme 15 Bolshevik ideology 13 Bowlby, J. 28, 29 Breakwell, G. 64, 126, 163, 166, 173 Brodie, I. 29 229
Voices from the Siient Cradles Bronfenbrenner, U. 161, 184—5, 197 Bucharest Early Intervention Project 3, 23, 196 budgeting skills 134 Bulgaria 28 Bullock, Roger 45, 46, 200—1 bullying 123, 172 domestic adoptions 99, 101, 102 intercountry adoption 110,112 residential care 84 see also peer abuse Busson, Arpad 24 Cighid 14 closed adoption 36, 193 cocaine consumption 126 collective identity 126 Combret, Francois de 19 communist regime 9-15 compliance 166—7 continuity 64, 191 contraception 10 control, locus of 45 corruption 15, 17, 21, 38, 60-1, 107, 109 c Camus, Albert 205 care age limit 31, 132 child protection 62-4 children’s needs 48 identity formation 163 preparation for entering 47 reasons for going into 27 role of the state 27—9 see also foster care; residential care care experience 159 Care Experienced Conference 48 care leavers 47-8, 53 see also adulthood care trajectories 61-2, 63, 157 Ceauşescu, Nicolae 9, 10-11, 13, 16 child allowance 134 child development 2-3 child laundering 38 child mortality 14 child protection 161 adoption 35 fiiture practice 197-202 policy changes 47 Romania 2, 19-22, 23, 24, 189 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 62-4 US 201-2 child trafficking 17, 21, 35, 38, 60—1 Children Act 2004 132 Children Act 2004 125 ‘Children Home Is Not a Real Home, A’ 1 Children’s High-Level Group (CHLG) 20-1 children’s homes 30, 31 see also residential care; small group homes children’s needs 48 children’s rights 22, 35, 120, 189-90, 203 Children’s Rights Law 24 Chinese adoptees 42 choice 5, 161 D data analysis 159-61 decentralisation 19-20, 23, 71, 72-3
deaeteii 11 deinstitutionalisation 3, 24, 196-7, 202-5 Deletant, D. 10 dignity 5, 161-2 disabled children 14, 15 discrimination 121, 160, 162, 191, 192 domestic adoptions 99 intercountry adoption 41, 110 residential care 78-9,83-4, 131, 175, 177 school experiences 172 domestic adoption 96-107 abuse 101, 103 adolescence 143-8 birth families contact with 102 knowledge of 103-7, 143, 144, 148, 170-1 reunions with 195 breakdown of 119 discrimination 99 health issues 98—9, 100, 121 identity formation 157-8, 163, 168, 169 outcomes in adulthood 179, 180-1, 182, 183, 186 for children 36—7 pre-adoption placements 39 recruitment of research participants 59 school experiences 99-103 stigma 103, 172 drug use 126 Duncan, Sue 188 dystrophy 13 E Ecology of Human Development, The (Bronfenbrenner) 161 ‘Edelweiss’ competition 1, 22 230
Index US 201-2 vs residential care 30 foster carers 47, 56, 203 France 17, 19 funding 21-2, 25 fundraising 15 educational attainment 33, 45, 113, 125-6, 157 see aho school experiences; university emigration 136-7, 147 emotional abuse 34, 91, 101, 111, 119, 175 employment see jobs England 28, 29 care leavers 48 domestic adoptions 35 foster care 32 vs residential care 44 intercountry adoption 42, 109—10, 112, 119 open adoption 36 residential institutions 30 English Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study 2, 42, 46, 51, 196-7 ‘Errors and Mistakes in Child Protection’ 200 ethnic identity 41, 170, 180 ethnic minorities 9 EU fonds 21-2, 25 European Commission 21, 28 European Council 21 European Union 2, 3, 9, 19-25 G gender 142, 143, 171 Giffigan, R. 184 Goffman, E. 128, 173 Groza, V. 36-7 H Hague Convention on Protection of Children 18, 41 Hammarberg, Thomas 64, 120 health issues 120-1 adoptees 98-9, 100, 110, 119, 154 in foster care 92-3, 96 in residential care 192 Hill, M. 43-4 Holland 39 human trafficking 38, 55 see ako child trafficking humanitarian aid 23 F I faith 126, 136, 176, 177 see also religion families see birth families Family Code 13 family relations 159 family type homes see small group homes Femeia magazine 12 financial aid 21-2 financial crisis 72 Folman, R. D. 47 food 66, 69, 72-5, 120, 190 foster care 28, 32-4, 86—96 abuse 2, 34, 91, 96 adolescence in 137-43 birth families 33, 94, 170 child protection 198 identity formation 157, 163, 164, 165, 167, 170 outcomes 43-4, 178-9, 183 participation 122 recruitment of research participants from 56—8 in the Romanian child
protection system 23, 24 sibling contact 170 state responsibility 180 stigma 173 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 190 Iasi 13, 14 identification 172 identity 126 and adoption 35, 41, 43 and care 44 and choices 161 place as 195 threatened 64, 126, 169, 173 identity capital 129, 134, 141 identity formation 64, 163—74 adolescence 126, 184 domestic adoptions 143-8, 157-8, 163, 168, 169 foster care 137-43, 157, 163, 164, 165, 167, 170 intercountry adoption 149-56, 158, 163, 167, 168, 169, 170 residential care 127-37, 157, 158, 163-4, 167 and type of care 157-8 identity principles 191 illegal adoption 11,60-1 illusion of retrospective determinism 21 Independent Care Review, Scotland 48, 198 infant mortality 13 informed consent 46, 97, 117 Ingerii chilugi (Dan Verona) 14—15 institutionalisation 3, 23, 24, 42, 46, 156-7, 161, 188 231
Voices from the Silent Cradles institutionalisation policy 9-15 intercountry adoption 2, 3, 4, 16-18, 38-43, 59, 107-20 abuse 39, 110, 111, 119, 123, 199 adolescence 149-56 birth families 40, 167, 170, 171, 195 contactwith 108, 119 reunions with 114—15, 116-18, 151, 152-3, 167, 170, 171 developmental challenges 37 discrimination 41, 110 health issues 110, 119, 121 identity formation 158, 163, 167, 168, 169, 170 outcomes 179-80, 181, 183, 185, 195 participation 122-3 recruitment of research participants 60—1 in the Romanian child protection system 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 34 school experiences 112-14 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 35, 193 intimacy 184 intimate relationships see romantic relationships Ireland 40, 119 isolation strategies 165-6 Italy 42, 111 J Jackson, Michael 15 Jenkins, R. 172 jobs 161, 184 foster care leavers 178 intercountry adoptees 151 residential care leavers 129-30, 131, 134-5, 136, 175, 176 jungle law 78, 80 К King, S. 43 kinship adoption 62, 102 Kligman, G. 14, 16-18, 23, 107 Korczak, Janusz 29, 46 Korean adoptees 43 L Landrieu, Mary 2 language intercountry adoptees 42,51,111, 112, 167, 195 reunions with birth families 115, 118, 151-2, 170 leagans 13, 14, 16, 20, 23, 53-4 Lee, Philomena 40 Leloux-Opmeer, H. 44 liberal child welfare approach 28-9 life history approach 4 life stages 160 life trajectories 162, 188-9, 194 adoption 179-82 foster care 178-9 reflections on 182-6 residential care 174—8 life-history interviews 52 care trajectories 61-2, 63, 157 children’s rights 189-90 data analysis 159-61 domestic adoptions adolescence 143-8, 157-8
experiences in 96-107 outcomes 179-82 recruitment of research participants 59 experiences across different types of care 120-3 foster care 86-96 adolescence 137-43, 157 outcomes 178-9 recruitment of research participants 56-8 identity formation 163-74,191 implications for research and practice 194—205 child protection 197-202 deinstitutionalisation 196-7, 202—5 intercountry adoption adolescence 149-56, 157-8 experiences in 107-20 outcomes 179-82 recruitment of research participants 60-1 life trajectories 162, 188-9, 194 reflections on 182-6 participation 191-2 research participants 52-4 residential care adolescence 127-37, 157, 158 experiences in 64—80 outcomes 174—8 recruitment of research participants 54—6 small group homes 80-6 literature 14—15 locus of control 45 M marriage 141-2, 148, 150, 153, 154, 179 maternal mortality 11 McCormack, Yusuf Paul 207 McElderry, M. 17 232
Index McSherry, D. 45 media 15, 16 mental health issues 120-1 adoptees 35-6, 40—1, 101, 106, 110, 155, 169, 171 Michael (King) 9 Mita, Merata 204 Morrison, L. 11, 12, 16 mother tongue 42, 51 N narrative analysis 160 National Apology for Forced Adoptions 40 negativism 166 Netherlands 43 New Zealand 32 Nicholson of Winterbourne, Baroness 20, 21 non-discrimination principle 191 Northern Ireland 44, 45 Norway 28 nutritional deficit 13 О open adoption 36, 97 Opening Doors campaign 24—5 orphan crisis 9, 15-18 Orphelins de Roumanie’ website 17 P parental rights 13, 97 parenting 200 participation 46, 64, 85, 120, 122-3, 191-2 peer abuse 31-2, 70, 72, 74-7, 177 peer support 30, 31 permanency 3, 28, 30-1, 32, 35, 188 physical abuse 121,175 domestic adoptions 101, 103 foster care 34, 91, 96 intercountry adoption 111,119 residential care 175 small group homes 85 Pinkerton, J. 47 place attachment 195 play 66, 79-80, 109-10, 121 Polish adoptees 43 population growth policies 10-11 Portwood, S. G. 44 post-adoption reports 39 Post, Roelie 24 poverty 27 pre-adoption placements 39, 193 pregnancy 142 prison 136 private adoptions 17 private boarding schools 30 private contact arrangements 195 protection 64, 120, 121—2 provision 64, 120 public awareness campaign 1 Q qualitative studies 5 R relationships 182 in adolescence 126, 131, 139, 141-2, 146-7, 148 with adoptive parents 37, 122-3, 168-9 domestic adoptions 99, 100, 145, 147 intercountry adoption 39, 150 in adulthood 157, 184 following foster care 138 following intercountry adoption 150, 154—5 following residential care 132, 133, 135, 136,
175, 176 between birth and adoptive parents 104 in care 48 in foster care 89-90, 92-3, 95 in residential care 32, 77-80, 131 with school mates 74, 144 religion 27, 29, 110, 136, 141 see also faith research ethics 46 research participants 52-4 care trajectories 61-2, 63, 157 recruitment from domestic adoption 59 recruitment from foster care 56-8 recruitment from intercountry adoption 60-2 recruitment from residential care 54—6 reflection 182-6 research participation 46 residential care 24, 28, 29-32, 64—80 abuse 29, 30, 130-1, 175, 176, 199 peer abuse 31-2, 70, 72, 74-7, 177 adolescence 127-37 birth families contact with 30, 70, 81, 82, 129, 167 knowledge of 31, 127 reunions with 170, 171 discrimination 78-9, 83-4, 131, 175, 177 food provision 72-5, 120, 190 happy memories 79-80 233
Voices from the Silent Cradles health issues 192 identity formation 157, 158, 163—4 outcomes 43—4, 174—8, 182-3, 194 participation 122 recruitment of research participants 54—6 reunions with birth families 170,171 school experiences 172 stigma 173 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 190 see also small group homes residential institutions 11-12, 13—14 orphan crisis 15-18 in the Romanian child protection system 23, 24—5, 203 respect 162 retrospective determinism, illusion of 21 Robinson, Evelyn 40 Romania child protection 2, 19-22, 23, 24, 189 domestic adoptions 36-7 EU membership 2, 19-25 foster care 34 institutionalisation policy 9-15 intercountry adoptees’ connection to 114-16, 118, 151-2, 153, 181, 195 orphan crisis 15-18 romantic relationships 157, 184 following domestic adoption 146-7, 148 following foster care 138, 139, 141-2 following intercountry adoption 150, 154—5 following residential care 132, 133, 135, 136, 175, 176 Rooney, C. 47 Rowling, J. K. 22, 24 Russian adoptees 42 Rutter, Sir Michael 2, 45, 46, 188, 197, 204 separation 184 sexual abuse 76, 80, 110, 119, 121, 123 siblings 69, 70-1 domestic adoptions 98, 99, 103 foster care 49, 170 intercountry adoption 118, 150, 151, 167, 171 residential care 30, 87 Sissay, Lemn 207 Sixsmith, Martin 40 small group homes 31, 32, 68, 80-6 research participants 56, 65 in the Romanian child protection system 23, 24, 28 Smith Tuhiwai, Linda 204 social capital 129, 134, 135, 141, 157 social class 170 social services 13, 28-9 Soviet Union 10 StEcaterina 15,23-4 stigma 160, 191 domestic adoptions 103, 172 foster care 173 life
history approach 4 residential care 30 school experiences 83, 174 stigma management 127-8 stigmatisation 123, 162, 175 intercountry adoption 41 Stockholm Declaration on Children and Residential Care 31 suicide 33, 106, 111, 113, 122, 191 suicide attempts 41, 101, 144, 155 summer jobs 129 Sweden 41 T talent competition 1,22 teenagers see adolescence Thompson, P. 4 ‘threatened identity’ 64, 126, 169, 173 ‘Three Identical Strangers’ 198 Tobin, J. 64 trauma 4, 47, 64 Triseliotis, J. 43-4 s safety 201 Saveliev, Artyom 39 school experiences 120, 123, 160, 173 domestic adoptions 99-103, 144 foster care 90, 95-6, 140, 165 intercountry adoption 112-13 residential care 127-9, 132, 172 small group homes 83-5 Scotland 48 self and others 159-60 self-misidentification 173 u UN 22, 28 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 15, 18, 19, 22, 24, 29, 190-4 adoption 96—7 child protection 62—4 children in care 21 dignity 161-2 hierarchy of placements 30-1 identity formation 164 234
Index intercountry adoption 35, 38, 40, 108 residential care 28 UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children 3, 28, 31, 188 university 157 following domestic adoption 146, 147 following foster care 138, 140, 178 following intercountry adoption 151 following residential care 133-4, 135, 175, 176 US 29 adoption 35, 37 child protection 201-2 foster care v. residential care 44 intercountry adoption 39, 43, 109, 119 residential institutions 30 US government 18 V Verheugen, Günter 20 Verona, Dan 14—15 w Walton, J. 43 Western media 15, 16 Western societies 27 Wiesel, Ehe 194 work see jobs World Bank 22, 25 writers 14-15 Winterson, J. 207 235 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
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Contents Acknowledgements vi 1 Introduction 1 2 Romania: what underlay the orphan crisis 9 3 Where do children go when they can't stay with their families? 27 4 Childhoods in care 51 5 Teen years in care and their ways out 125 6 Exploring life trajectories: what mattered to them 159 7 The benefit of hindsight: learning for policy and practice 187 Epilogue 207 Notes 209 References 211 Index 229 v
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Index Page numbers in bold type refer to tables. in intercountry adoptions 150, 169, 185 in residential care 76, 85, 128, 131, 173, 175 of residential institutions 72 anti-abortion policy 10-11 aspirations 136-7 Atkinson, R. 160 attachment 184, 195 attachment theories 13-14, 47 Avram, Marin 14 Austin, Alexandra 39 Australia 35, 36, 40, 43 A 4 Months, 3 Weeks, 2 Days 11 Abandonment Law 18 abortion 10, 11, 101 Absolutely Fabulous 107 abuse 121, 192, 201 domestic adoptions 101, 103 foster care 2, 34, 91, 96 intercountry adoption 39, 110, 111, 119, 123, 199 residential care 29, 30, 130-1, 175, 176, 199 peer abuse 31-2, 70, 72, 74-7, 177 small group homes 31, 80, 85 ADHD 43, 99, 110, 112, 121, 154, 169 adolescence in domestic adoptions 143-8, 157-8 in foster care 137-43, 157 identity formation 126, 168 in intercountry adoptions 149-56, 158 in residential care 127-37, 157, 158 adoption 3, 28, 34-8, 198, 202 identity formation 163, 164, 167-9, 173 outcomes 179-82 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 192-3 see also domestic adoption; intercountry adoption; kinship adoption Adoption and Safe Families Act (USA) 201-2 adulthood outcomes in 160-1 from adoption 179-82, 195 from foster care 178-9 reflections on 182-6 from residential care 174-8, 194 transition to adulthood 47 from domestic adoption 147-8 from foster care 142-3 from intercountry adoption 149-56 from residential care 131-7 age 31, 65, 132, 181 agency 161, 167, 184 in foster care 138, 143, 157 В baby boom 10-11 ‘Bald Angels, The’ (Dan Verona) 14-15 Bartholet, Elisabeth 38 Baumeister, Roy 197 BBC 15,28,51 Bejenaru, A. 9
Berridge, D. 29 Biesel, K. 200 birth families 123, 176 adoption 36 attachment to 47 domestic adoptions contact with 102 knowledge of 103-7, 143, 144, 148, 170-1 reunions with 195 foster care 33, 94, 170 identity formation 170 intercountry adoption 40 contact with 108, 119 reunions with 114—15,116-18, 151, 152-3, 167, 170, 171 search for 195 residential care contact with 30, 70, 81, 82, 129, 167 knowledge of 31, 127 reunions with 170,171 see also siblings birth rate 10, 11 Blue Peter programme 15 Bolshevik ideology 13 Bowlby, J. 28, 29 Breakwell, G. 64, 126, 163, 166, 173 Brodie, I. 29 229
Voices from the Siient Cradles Bronfenbrenner, U. 161, 184—5, 197 Bucharest Early Intervention Project 3, 23, 196 budgeting skills 134 Bulgaria 28 Bullock, Roger 45, 46, 200—1 bullying 123, 172 domestic adoptions 99, 101, 102 intercountry adoption 110,112 residential care 84 see also peer abuse Busson, Arpad 24 Cighid 14 closed adoption 36, 193 cocaine consumption 126 collective identity 126 Combret, Francois de 19 communist regime 9-15 compliance 166—7 continuity 64, 191 contraception 10 control, locus of 45 corruption 15, 17, 21, 38, 60-1, 107, 109 c Camus, Albert 205 care age limit 31, 132 child protection 62-4 children’s needs 48 identity formation 163 preparation for entering 47 reasons for going into 27 role of the state 27—9 see also foster care; residential care care experience 159 Care Experienced Conference 48 care leavers 47-8, 53 see also adulthood care trajectories 61-2, 63, 157 Ceauşescu, Nicolae 9, 10-11, 13, 16 child allowance 134 child development 2-3 child laundering 38 child mortality 14 child protection 161 adoption 35 fiiture practice 197-202 policy changes 47 Romania 2, 19-22, 23, 24, 189 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 62-4 US 201-2 child trafficking 17, 21, 35, 38, 60—1 Children Act 2004 132 Children Act 2004 125 ‘Children Home Is Not a Real Home, A’ 1 Children’s High-Level Group (CHLG) 20-1 children’s homes 30, 31 see also residential care; small group homes children’s needs 48 children’s rights 22, 35, 120, 189-90, 203 Children’s Rights Law 24 Chinese adoptees 42 choice 5, 161 D data analysis 159-61 decentralisation 19-20, 23, 71, 72-3
deaeteii 11 deinstitutionalisation 3, 24, 196-7, 202-5 Deletant, D. 10 dignity 5, 161-2 disabled children 14, 15 discrimination 121, 160, 162, 191, 192 domestic adoptions 99 intercountry adoption 41, 110 residential care 78-9,83-4, 131, 175, 177 school experiences 172 domestic adoption 96-107 abuse 101, 103 adolescence 143-8 birth families contact with 102 knowledge of 103-7, 143, 144, 148, 170-1 reunions with 195 breakdown of 119 discrimination 99 health issues 98—9, 100, 121 identity formation 157-8, 163, 168, 169 outcomes in adulthood 179, 180-1, 182, 183, 186 for children 36—7 pre-adoption placements 39 recruitment of research participants 59 school experiences 99-103 stigma 103, 172 drug use 126 Duncan, Sue 188 dystrophy 13 E Ecology of Human Development, The (Bronfenbrenner) 161 ‘Edelweiss’ competition 1, 22 230
Index US 201-2 vs residential care 30 foster carers 47, 56, 203 France 17, 19 funding 21-2, 25 fundraising 15 educational attainment 33, 45, 113, 125-6, 157 see aho school experiences; university emigration 136-7, 147 emotional abuse 34, 91, 101, 111, 119, 175 employment see jobs England 28, 29 care leavers 48 domestic adoptions 35 foster care 32 vs residential care 44 intercountry adoption 42, 109—10, 112, 119 open adoption 36 residential institutions 30 English Romanian Adoptees (ERA) study 2, 42, 46, 51, 196-7 ‘Errors and Mistakes in Child Protection’ 200 ethnic identity 41, 170, 180 ethnic minorities 9 EU fonds 21-2, 25 European Commission 21, 28 European Council 21 European Union 2, 3, 9, 19-25 G gender 142, 143, 171 Giffigan, R. 184 Goffman, E. 128, 173 Groza, V. 36-7 H Hague Convention on Protection of Children 18, 41 Hammarberg, Thomas 64, 120 health issues 120-1 adoptees 98-9, 100, 110, 119, 154 in foster care 92-3, 96 in residential care 192 Hill, M. 43-4 Holland 39 human trafficking 38, 55 see ako child trafficking humanitarian aid 23 F I faith 126, 136, 176, 177 see also religion families see birth families Family Code 13 family relations 159 family type homes see small group homes Femeia magazine 12 financial aid 21-2 financial crisis 72 Folman, R. D. 47 food 66, 69, 72-5, 120, 190 foster care 28, 32-4, 86—96 abuse 2, 34, 91, 96 adolescence in 137-43 birth families 33, 94, 170 child protection 198 identity formation 157, 163, 164, 165, 167, 170 outcomes 43-4, 178-9, 183 participation 122 recruitment of research participants from 56—8 in the Romanian child
protection system 23, 24 sibling contact 170 state responsibility 180 stigma 173 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 190 Iasi 13, 14 identification 172 identity 126 and adoption 35, 41, 43 and care 44 and choices 161 place as 195 threatened 64, 126, 169, 173 identity capital 129, 134, 141 identity formation 64, 163—74 adolescence 126, 184 domestic adoptions 143-8, 157-8, 163, 168, 169 foster care 137-43, 157, 163, 164, 165, 167, 170 intercountry adoption 149-56, 158, 163, 167, 168, 169, 170 residential care 127-37, 157, 158, 163-4, 167 and type of care 157-8 identity principles 191 illegal adoption 11,60-1 illusion of retrospective determinism 21 Independent Care Review, Scotland 48, 198 infant mortality 13 informed consent 46, 97, 117 Ingerii chilugi (Dan Verona) 14—15 institutionalisation 3, 23, 24, 42, 46, 156-7, 161, 188 231
Voices from the Silent Cradles institutionalisation policy 9-15 intercountry adoption 2, 3, 4, 16-18, 38-43, 59, 107-20 abuse 39, 110, 111, 119, 123, 199 adolescence 149-56 birth families 40, 167, 170, 171, 195 contactwith 108, 119 reunions with 114—15, 116-18, 151, 152-3, 167, 170, 171 developmental challenges 37 discrimination 41, 110 health issues 110, 119, 121 identity formation 158, 163, 167, 168, 169, 170 outcomes 179-80, 181, 183, 185, 195 participation 122-3 recruitment of research participants 60—1 in the Romanian child protection system 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 34 school experiences 112-14 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 35, 193 intimacy 184 intimate relationships see romantic relationships Ireland 40, 119 isolation strategies 165-6 Italy 42, 111 J Jackson, Michael 15 Jenkins, R. 172 jobs 161, 184 foster care leavers 178 intercountry adoptees 151 residential care leavers 129-30, 131, 134-5, 136, 175, 176 jungle law 78, 80 К King, S. 43 kinship adoption 62, 102 Kligman, G. 14, 16-18, 23, 107 Korczak, Janusz 29, 46 Korean adoptees 43 L Landrieu, Mary 2 language intercountry adoptees 42,51,111, 112, 167, 195 reunions with birth families 115, 118, 151-2, 170 leagans 13, 14, 16, 20, 23, 53-4 Lee, Philomena 40 Leloux-Opmeer, H. 44 liberal child welfare approach 28-9 life history approach 4 life stages 160 life trajectories 162, 188-9, 194 adoption 179-82 foster care 178-9 reflections on 182-6 residential care 174—8 life-history interviews 52 care trajectories 61-2, 63, 157 children’s rights 189-90 data analysis 159-61 domestic adoptions adolescence 143-8, 157-8
experiences in 96-107 outcomes 179-82 recruitment of research participants 59 experiences across different types of care 120-3 foster care 86-96 adolescence 137-43, 157 outcomes 178-9 recruitment of research participants 56-8 identity formation 163-74,191 implications for research and practice 194—205 child protection 197-202 deinstitutionalisation 196-7, 202—5 intercountry adoption adolescence 149-56, 157-8 experiences in 107-20 outcomes 179-82 recruitment of research participants 60-1 life trajectories 162, 188-9, 194 reflections on 182-6 participation 191-2 research participants 52-4 residential care adolescence 127-37, 157, 158 experiences in 64—80 outcomes 174—8 recruitment of research participants 54—6 small group homes 80-6 literature 14—15 locus of control 45 M marriage 141-2, 148, 150, 153, 154, 179 maternal mortality 11 McCormack, Yusuf Paul 207 McElderry, M. 17 232
Index McSherry, D. 45 media 15, 16 mental health issues 120-1 adoptees 35-6, 40—1, 101, 106, 110, 155, 169, 171 Michael (King) 9 Mita, Merata 204 Morrison, L. 11, 12, 16 mother tongue 42, 51 N narrative analysis 160 National Apology for Forced Adoptions 40 negativism 166 Netherlands 43 New Zealand 32 Nicholson of Winterbourne, Baroness 20, 21 non-discrimination principle 191 Northern Ireland 44, 45 Norway 28 nutritional deficit 13 О open adoption 36, 97 Opening Doors campaign 24—5 orphan crisis 9, 15-18 Orphelins de Roumanie’ website 17 P parental rights 13, 97 parenting 200 participation 46, 64, 85, 120, 122-3, 191-2 peer abuse 31-2, 70, 72, 74-7, 177 peer support 30, 31 permanency 3, 28, 30-1, 32, 35, 188 physical abuse 121,175 domestic adoptions 101, 103 foster care 34, 91, 96 intercountry adoption 111,119 residential care 175 small group homes 85 Pinkerton, J. 47 place attachment 195 play 66, 79-80, 109-10, 121 Polish adoptees 43 population growth policies 10-11 Portwood, S. G. 44 post-adoption reports 39 Post, Roelie 24 poverty 27 pre-adoption placements 39, 193 pregnancy 142 prison 136 private adoptions 17 private boarding schools 30 private contact arrangements 195 protection 64, 120, 121—2 provision 64, 120 public awareness campaign 1 Q qualitative studies 5 R relationships 182 in adolescence 126, 131, 139, 141-2, 146-7, 148 with adoptive parents 37, 122-3, 168-9 domestic adoptions 99, 100, 145, 147 intercountry adoption 39, 150 in adulthood 157, 184 following foster care 138 following intercountry adoption 150, 154—5 following residential care 132, 133, 135, 136,
175, 176 between birth and adoptive parents 104 in care 48 in foster care 89-90, 92-3, 95 in residential care 32, 77-80, 131 with school mates 74, 144 religion 27, 29, 110, 136, 141 see also faith research ethics 46 research participants 52-4 care trajectories 61-2, 63, 157 recruitment from domestic adoption 59 recruitment from foster care 56-8 recruitment from intercountry adoption 60-2 recruitment from residential care 54—6 reflection 182-6 research participation 46 residential care 24, 28, 29-32, 64—80 abuse 29, 30, 130-1, 175, 176, 199 peer abuse 31-2, 70, 72, 74-7, 177 adolescence 127-37 birth families contact with 30, 70, 81, 82, 129, 167 knowledge of 31, 127 reunions with 170, 171 discrimination 78-9, 83-4, 131, 175, 177 food provision 72-5, 120, 190 happy memories 79-80 233
Voices from the Silent Cradles health issues 192 identity formation 157, 158, 163—4 outcomes 43—4, 174—8, 182-3, 194 participation 122 recruitment of research participants 54—6 reunions with birth families 170,171 school experiences 172 stigma 173 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 190 see also small group homes residential institutions 11-12, 13—14 orphan crisis 15-18 in the Romanian child protection system 23, 24—5, 203 respect 162 retrospective determinism, illusion of 21 Robinson, Evelyn 40 Romania child protection 2, 19-22, 23, 24, 189 domestic adoptions 36-7 EU membership 2, 19-25 foster care 34 institutionalisation policy 9-15 intercountry adoptees’ connection to 114-16, 118, 151-2, 153, 181, 195 orphan crisis 15-18 romantic relationships 157, 184 following domestic adoption 146-7, 148 following foster care 138, 139, 141-2 following intercountry adoption 150, 154—5 following residential care 132, 133, 135, 136, 175, 176 Rooney, C. 47 Rowling, J. K. 22, 24 Russian adoptees 42 Rutter, Sir Michael 2, 45, 46, 188, 197, 204 separation 184 sexual abuse 76, 80, 110, 119, 121, 123 siblings 69, 70-1 domestic adoptions 98, 99, 103 foster care 49, 170 intercountry adoption 118, 150, 151, 167, 171 residential care 30, 87 Sissay, Lemn 207 Sixsmith, Martin 40 small group homes 31, 32, 68, 80-6 research participants 56, 65 in the Romanian child protection system 23, 24, 28 Smith Tuhiwai, Linda 204 social capital 129, 134, 135, 141, 157 social class 170 social services 13, 28-9 Soviet Union 10 StEcaterina 15,23-4 stigma 160, 191 domestic adoptions 103, 172 foster care 173 life
history approach 4 residential care 30 school experiences 83, 174 stigma management 127-8 stigmatisation 123, 162, 175 intercountry adoption 41 Stockholm Declaration on Children and Residential Care 31 suicide 33, 106, 111, 113, 122, 191 suicide attempts 41, 101, 144, 155 summer jobs 129 Sweden 41 T talent competition 1,22 teenagers see adolescence Thompson, P. 4 ‘threatened identity’ 64, 126, 169, 173 ‘Three Identical Strangers’ 198 Tobin, J. 64 trauma 4, 47, 64 Triseliotis, J. 43-4 s safety 201 Saveliev, Artyom 39 school experiences 120, 123, 160, 173 domestic adoptions 99-103, 144 foster care 90, 95-6, 140, 165 intercountry adoption 112-13 residential care 127-9, 132, 172 small group homes 83-5 Scotland 48 self and others 159-60 self-misidentification 173 u UN 22, 28 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 15, 18, 19, 22, 24, 29, 190-4 adoption 96—7 child protection 62—4 children in care 21 dignity 161-2 hierarchy of placements 30-1 identity formation 164 234
Index intercountry adoption 35, 38, 40, 108 residential care 28 UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children 3, 28, 31, 188 university 157 following domestic adoption 146, 147 following foster care 138, 140, 178 following intercountry adoption 151 following residential care 133-4, 135, 175, 176 US 29 adoption 35, 37 child protection 201-2 foster care v. residential care 44 intercountry adoption 39, 43, 109, 119 residential institutions 30 US government 18 V Verheugen, Günter 20 Verona, Dan 14—15 w Walton, J. 43 Western media 15, 16 Western societies 27 Wiesel, Ehe 194 work see jobs World Bank 22, 25 writers 14-15 Winterson, J. 207 235 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| geographic | Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Rumänien |
| id | DE-604.BV047510008 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:21:34Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:14:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781447357988 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032910905 |
| oclc_num | 1286855617 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-384 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-384 |
| physical | vi, 235 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20211206 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Policy Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Neagu, Mariela 1968- Verfasser (DE-588)1243113499 aut Voices from the silent cradles life histories of Romania's looked-after children Mariela Neagu Bristol, UK Policy Press 2021 vi, 235 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1990- gnd rswk-swf Pflegekind (DE-588)4139097-0 gnd rswk-swf Waisenkind (DE-588)4139277-2 gnd rswk-swf Waisenhaus (DE-588)4139280-2 gnd rswk-swf Adoptivkind (DE-588)4131246-6 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf Orphans / Romania Foster children / Romania Abandoned children / Romania Children / Institutional care / Romania Foster children / Deinstitutionalization / Romania Abandoned children / Deinstitutionalization / Romania Abandoned children Children / Institutional care Foster children Orphans Romania Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Waisenkind (DE-588)4139277-2 s Waisenhaus (DE-588)4139280-2 s Pflegekind (DE-588)4139097-0 s Adoptivkind (DE-588)4131246-6 s Geschichte 1990- z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, ePub 978-1-4473-5800-8 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-4473-5801-5 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032910905&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032910905&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032910905&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Neagu, Mariela 1968- Voices from the silent cradles life histories of Romania's looked-after children Pflegekind (DE-588)4139097-0 gnd Waisenkind (DE-588)4139277-2 gnd Waisenhaus (DE-588)4139280-2 gnd Adoptivkind (DE-588)4131246-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4139097-0 (DE-588)4139277-2 (DE-588)4139280-2 (DE-588)4131246-6 (DE-588)4050939-4 |
| title | Voices from the silent cradles life histories of Romania's looked-after children |
| title_auth | Voices from the silent cradles life histories of Romania's looked-after children |
| title_exact_search | Voices from the silent cradles life histories of Romania's looked-after children |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Voices from the silent cradles life histories of Romania's looked-after children |
| title_full | Voices from the silent cradles life histories of Romania's looked-after children Mariela Neagu |
| title_fullStr | Voices from the silent cradles life histories of Romania's looked-after children Mariela Neagu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Voices from the silent cradles life histories of Romania's looked-after children Mariela Neagu |
| title_short | Voices from the silent cradles |
| title_sort | voices from the silent cradles life histories of romania s looked after children |
| title_sub | life histories of Romania's looked-after children |
| topic | Pflegekind (DE-588)4139097-0 gnd Waisenkind (DE-588)4139277-2 gnd Waisenhaus (DE-588)4139280-2 gnd Adoptivkind (DE-588)4131246-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pflegekind Waisenkind Waisenhaus Adoptivkind Rumänien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032910905&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032910905&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032910905&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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