Russia rising: Putin's foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | , , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London ; New York, NY
I.B. Tauris
2021
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Gemischte Register |
| Beschreibung: | x, 209 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 9780755636648 9780755636631 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents List of Illustrations vii List of Contributors viii 1 Introduction 1 Dimitar Bechev, Nicu Popescu, and Stanislav Secrieru Part I: Russia in the Middle East: From the Soviet Union to Putin 2 The Soviet Union in the Middle East: An Overview 13 Dimitar Bechev, Florence Gaub, and Nicu Popescu 3 What Drives Russia’s Policy in the Middle East? 21 Dmitri Trenin Part II: Russian Policy in Action 4 Russia in Syria: A Military Analysis 31 Anton Lavrov 5 The Nonwar on Daesh 39 Florence Gaub 6 Russian Arms Exports in the Middle East 45 Timofey Borisov 7 Russia’s Energy Diplomacy in the Middle East 53 Carole Nakhle Part III: Regional Partnerships 8 Russia and Iran: It’s Complicated 67 Carol R. Saivetz 9 Russia and the “Resistance Axis” 77 Julien Barnes-Dacey 10 Russia and Turkey: The Promise and the Limits of Partnership 85 Dimitar Bechev 11 Understanding Russia-GCC Relations Dmitriy Frolovskiy 97
vi 12 Contents Russia and Egypt: A Precarious Honeymoon 107 Alexey Khlebnikov 13 The “Comrades” in the Maghreb 117 Dalia Ghanem 14 Russia and Israel: An Improbable Friendship 123 Mark N. Katz 15 Russia in the Middle East and North Africa:A Balance Sheet 131 Dimitar Bechev, Nicu Popescu, and Stanislav Secrieru Notes 137 Bibliography 173 Index 203
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Index Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) 105 Afghanistan 15 Ahrar al-Sham 92 al-Assad, Bashar 22-3, 28,41-2, 78-80, 84, 97, 100,102, 124-5,132 al-Assad, Hafez 16-17 al-Assad, Rifaat 17 Al-Attiyah, Pahad bin Mohamed 103 Algeria 18 Algerian Atomic Energy Commission (COMENA) 119 Algerian War 15 Algeria-Russia relations 117-20 arms exports 118 bilateral ties 117-18 civilian nuclear technology 119 construction of Algerian heavy industry 118 energy 119 Russian exports 118-19 Ali, Zine El Abidine Ben 121 Al-Kabir, Ali Bey 107 al-Nusra 31, 35 al-Qaeda 5, 31, 39,41,43 al-Sarraj, Fayez 92 Al Saud, King Salman bin Abdulaziz 49 al-Sisi, Abdel Fatah 104,107-8,114,125 Al Thani, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad 103 anti-aircraft systems 113 anti-Muslim sentiment 5 Arab-Israeli war, 1973 16, 67. See also Six-Day War, 1967 Arab nationalism 14-16,18-19, 21 Arab Spring 2-4, 31, 93, 97, 124, 135 Arab uprisings of 2011 41 Arctic Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) project 59 arms exports 2, 4-5,112,118 Assad regime 4,31-6 Astana process 22, 78 automatic grenade launchers 49 Azerbaijan crisis of 1946 14 Baghdad Pact, 1955 14 Bakov, Albert 47 Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) oil pipeline 93 Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum (BTE) gas pipeline 93 Baku-Tbilisi-Kars (ВТК) railway 93 balance 2, 8,16, 26, 57, 72, 83, 90, 94,104, 120, 132,134-5 Balkan Stream 93 Bensalah, Abdelkader 119 Beria, Lavrenty 121 Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) 86 Black Sea Naval Force (BLACKSEAFOR) 87 Blue Stream 2, 86 Bogdanov, Mikhail 32 Bolshevik Russia 100 Bolton, John 25 Bourguiba, Habib 121 Bouteflika, Abdelaziz 119,135 Brezhnev, Leonid 16-17 Camp
David accords, 1978 16,48,128 Caspian Sea 8, 33, 67, 69, 72 Caucasus 5, 8,19, 31, 68,75, 85-6, 88, 92-3, 97 Cem, Ismail 86 Central Asia 19,75,86,92-3 Chechnya 5, 31, 86-7,97, 124 Chemezov, Sergey 46 chemical warfare 24-5 chemical weapons 4, 21, 24-5, 81,88,132 China 27 Cold War 3,6-7,67,135
204 Index in Middle East 14 Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) 47,68 conflicts 3, 7,15-16, 21,68, 73, 75, 80-1, 84-5,91, 94, 98-9,101-2,110-11, 120,127-8,131-3 Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) 50-1,113 COVID-19 crisis 57, 99,122,135 Crimea annexation 32, 54,88 Cuban Missile Crisis 16 Dagestan 31 debt 118 deconfliction mechanism 25 Donbas 32,40, 74 Drian, Jean-Yves Le 43 Dulles, John Foster 15 Dunford, General 25 Eastern Europe 15-16 Eden, Anthony 14 Egypt 2,5,8,14-19,60,128 Egyptian Natural Gas Holding (EGAS) 60 Egyptian Nuclear Regulation and Radiological Authority (ENRRA) 112 Egypt-Russia relations 107 agricultural 111 arms deals 112 construction of nuclear power plant (NPP) 112 in counterterror cooperation 109-10 economic cooperation 111-12 energy 111 “2+2” format 109 four phases of 108 free-trade agreement 112 GCC partners and 114 joint use of airspace and air bases 110 political and economic ties 109 security cooperation 109-11 US sanctions and 113-14 Eisenhower, Dwight 14 energy diplomacy of Russia 112,119-20 benefits 55-6 challenges 53-4 civil nuclear cooperation 61-2 construction of nuclear power plants (NPP) 61-2 fallout between Russia and OPEC 57 oil and gas projects 60 partnership between Russia and Saudi Arabia 57-8 private players and commercial opportunities 59-61 security of demand 53 security of supply 53 as supplier of enriched uranium 61-2 Erdoòan, Recep Tayyip 24, 85, 88,90-1, 94,125 Essebsi, Beji Caid 121 ethnic tensions 5 “Euphrates Shield” operation 88-9 Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) 112 Federal Security
Service (FSB) 25 F-16 jets 85,126 P-35 jets 88-9 Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) 25 France 1,18 Free Syrian Army (FSA) 39, 89 free-trade agreement 94,112,121 FSB. See Federal Security Service (FSB) G7, 54 Gaddafi, Muammar 15,18 gas 3, 8, 34, 53-4, 59-60, 69-70, 73, 86, 92-3, 111, 119,132 Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) 3,103 Gazprom 2, 86, 93,119 GazpromNeft 59 glasnost 1 Golan Heights 23, 26,131 Government of National Accord (GNA) 91 Great Patriotic War 25 4+1 group 78 GRU. See Military Intelligence Directorate (GRU) Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)-Russia relations evolution 97-8 with Qatar 102-3 Russia’s approach toward GCC 98-100 with Saudi Arabia 100-2 with UAE 104-5
Index Hadi, Mansour 47 Haftar, Khalifa 91-2,101,104 Hama massacre 17 Hariri, Saad, Prime Minister (2009-11 and 2016-20) 3,83 Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) 23, 35, 90 helicopters 33-4, 36-7,47-9,105,112 Hezbollah 1,24,28, 78,80, 83,112, 124-6 High-Level Strategic Cooperation Council 86 Idlib 22-3, 33, 35, 38, 78-9, 90-1, 95, 110,133 India 5, 27 infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) 45 Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges (INSTEX) 71 Intergovernmental Agreement on MilitaryTechnical Cooperation 40 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 70 investment ventures 3-4, 7-8, 21, 27, 38, 45, 54, 59-60, 68-9, 73, 81, 99-105, 112, 134 Iran 1-2,15, 26, 61 Iranian revolutionary guards 74 Iranian revolution of 1979 19 Iran-Israel conflict 25-6 Iran-Russia cooperation 68,77,79 arm exports 50 construction of nuclear power plant (NPP) 61,70-1 crude-for-services swap 74 development of West Paydar and Abadan fields 61 differences between two states 80-1 geopolitics 68-9, 77-9 Russian investment in Iran 68 Russia’s commitment to Assad 78-9 Suleimanis killing, impact of 73-4 supply of enriched uranium 70 Syria-centric 77-84 US pressure on Iran, impact of 72-3, 83 Iraq 60 Iraq-Russia strategic relationship 77 Iskander-E (SS-26) short-range ballistic missile system 47 Islam 3, 5,97, 99,104 205 Islamic Republic 4,8, 25,28, 67, 73, 77, 79, 89 Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) 78 Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 7, 31-2, 34,39,41-4, 92, 109 Islamism 19,42 Israel 2, 6, 8-9,15-19, 21-2, 24-6, 28 Israeli National Security Council 25 Israel-Iran conflict 126 Israel-Russia relationship
82,123-4 arms sales 124 role of Iran and Hezbollah 124-6 Russia as a mediator between Israel and Iran 127-8 September 2018 incident 125-6 threats 125-7 trade and cultural links 124 Italy 1 Ivanov, Igor 86 Jaish al-Islam 92 “jet crisis” of 2015-16 89 Jews 2, 16, 124 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) 4, 26,28, 67, 70-1,128 joint security and intelligence-sharing cooperation mechanism 78 Kadyrov, Ramzan 3 Kalashnikov AK-103 assault rifles 49 Kennedy, Robert 25 Khashoggi, Jamal 90 Khmeimim 34, 36, 98 Khruschev, Nikita 14 Kornet-E anti-tank guided missile systems (ATGMs) 46,49 Kortunov, Andrey 67 Kurdish militia 24 Kurdish peace process 88 Kurdish Peoples Protection Units (YPG) 88 Kurdistan Workers’ Party (Partiya Karker ên Kurdistan ê, PKK) 23, 87 Kurds 2,21,23,88-90 Latakia 17,23,81,91 Lavrentiev, Alexander 82 Lavrov, Sergey 32,41,103,119
206 Index Lebanese civil war, 1982 18 leverage 77, 81, 83-4, 89, 94, 110,113, 115, 120,122 Libya 1-2,4,15,18-19, 26 Libyan National Army (LNA) 91,110 Lukoil 59-60, 73, 104,111 Macron, Emmanuel 90 Maghreb 117,120,122. See also AlgeriaRussia relations; Morocco-Russia relations; Tunisia-Russia relations man-portable air-defense systems (MANPADS) 34 Mattis, James 25 Mazidi, Anwar Al 50 Medvedev, Dmitry 4 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) armaments market 45 MiG planes 45-6,49,112 Mikheev, Alexander 48-9 Military Intelligence Directorate (GRU) 25 МІ-35М attack helicopters 47 missile 24, 26, 33-4, 36-8,47-8, 118, 125-7,135 Morocco-Russia relations 120-1 cooperation agreements 120 nuclear energy 120 trade 120 Morsi, Mohammed 125 Mubadala Investment Company 105 Mubarak, Hosni 108-9,112 multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS) 45 Muslim Brotherhood 17, 90,103,108, 125 Naguib, Mohammed 107 Nasser, Gamal Abdel 14-15,107-8 National Liberation Front (FLN) 15 Netanyahu, Benjamin, Prime Minister (since 2009) 22, 25-6,123, 125, 127 Non-Aligned Movement 18 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 14-15, 38, 72, 87,131 North-South Corridor project 68 Novak, Alexander 61 Novatek 60 nuclear power deals 61-2,112,119-20 economic benefits of 62 Nusra Front 39 Obama, Barack, President (2009-17) 6, 32, 35,43,124 oil prices 53-4,74 oil production 28, 54 OPEC+ agreement 55-7 by OPEC countries 55 partnership between Russia and Saudi Arabia 57-9 reserves-to-production ratio, 2017 58 Olive Branch” operation 88 OPEC+ deal 55-7,102 OPEC+ group 28 Operation “Peace Spring,” 90 Organization of the Islamic
Conference 3 P5+1, 70 Pakermanov, Evgeny 62 Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) 16 Pan-Arabism 14 Pantsir-Sl (SA-22) project 40 Patrushev, Nikolai 25 peaceful conflict resolution 19 Pen, Marine Le 42 perestroika 1 perezagruzka 4 PKK. See Kurdistan Workers’ Party (Partiya Karker ën Kurdistan ê, PKK) Pompeo, Mike 71 Primakov, Yevgeny, Prime Minister (1998-9) 2,71,87 Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia (PIF)101-2 Pushkov, Alexey 32, 73 Putin, Vladimir, Prime Minister (2008-12), Acting President (1999-2000), President (2000-8, 2012-current) 1-6, 8, 21-6, 32,41-3,49, 67, 71-4, 81-2, 84-5, 87, 90-1, 94,102-4,107, 120, 125-8, 136 Qatar-Russia relations 98-9,102-3 cultural exchange and tourism 103 energy trade 103 Qatar’s investments in Russia 103 Ramani, Samuel 125 regional axis 82 resistance axis 77-9, 83
Index Rosneft 2,59-61,73,103,111 Rosoboronexport 46,48 RT Arabic 28 Russia “Afghanistan syndrome,” 133 alliances 27 arms exports. See Russian arms exports diplomacy in Middle East. See Russian policy in Middle East diplomatic and military ties between Egypt and 61 diplomatic channels 4 economy 54-5 foreign policy 26 goal of military operation 31 gross domestic product (GDP) 28 military police 33 military reforms 27 as observer 3 world influence 27 Russian armed forces 37-8 Russian arms exports 2,4,45-51,124 to Algeria 47,118 challenges 50-1 to Egypt 48,112 to Iran 50 to Iraq 47 issue of CAATSA 50-1 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) armaments market 45-51 to Qatar 49 Russian Moll with Algeria 45-6 to Saudi Arabia 49 Syrian campaign and 48-9 to Turkey 50 toUAE 49 Russian diplomacy in Middle East 2-6, 8, 14-15,21-2,67,135-6 achievements 131-3 for expanding global influence 26-7 in Iran 24 liabilities 133-4 limitations 27-8 Realpolitik approach 28 rules of engagement in Syria 24-5 Syrian peace process 22-4 in Turkey 23 Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) 59-60,101-2,105 207 Russian mercenaries 24, 34, 34,91, 131,133-4 Russian State Atomic Energy Corporation (Rosatom) 61-2, 92,119 in Iran 61 in Saudi Arabia 61 Russia’s anti-Daesh fight 39 bombing of Raqqa 43 perception of Middle Eastern audiences 43 Russian narrative 40-2 as a strategic communication tool 43-4 and Syrian opposition 40-2 and Western countries 42-3 Russia-Turkey-Iran triangle 8, 89, 95 Russophone Jews 2 Ryabov, Sergei 71 Sadat, Anwar 108-9 Salafist Ahrar al-Sham militia 89 Saleh, Aguila 92 Salman, Mohammed bin
100-1 Saudi Arabia 2, 26 Saudi Vision 2030 101 Turkish-Saudi relations 90 Saudi Arabia-Russia relations 98,100-2 economic diplomacy 101 investments in infrastructure and other projects 102 Saudi Aramco 60 Sechin, Igor 59, 61 Shanghai Cooperation Organization 72 Shia movement 24 Shinzo Abe, prime minister (2006-7 and 2012-20) 72 Shugayev, Dmitry 46, 49 Six-Day War, 1967 16 S-300 missile system 4, 45,70, 86,112,126 Sochi 22-3, 71, 90, 92, 105 Sonatrach 119 Southern Gas Corridor 93 South Yemen 18 Soviet communism 14 opposition to religion 18 Soviet ideology 14 Soviet natural gas pipeline 1 Soviet power failure of 18-19 influence in Middle East 1-6
208 Index military capability 1 military intervention in Syria 2 overseas 1 S-400 SAM systems 2,47,49, 50, 85,113-14 State Armament Program (Gosudarstvennaya programma vooruzheniya) 37-8 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) 5 Stroytransgaz 81 Suez Canal nationalization 14 Su-35 fighter jets 112-14 Su fighters 47-9, 51,94, 112-14 Suleiman, Mohammed 17 Suleimani, Qassem 73-4,78 Sunni extremism 79 superpowers self-restraint actions 17-18 surface-to-air missile systems (SAMs) 46-7 SVR. See Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) Syria 1,4-6, 8-9, 14-19, 21-8 Syrian conflict 31-3, 36,40-3, 48, 77-9, 82-3, 89,92, 133 Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) 35, 88 Syrian intervention, Russia’s 16,77-84, 91, 103,124-6 approximates strikes 40 cost 35 involvement of military police 33 limitations and disappointments 35, 37 military deployment 32-7 military victory and lessons learned 35-7 political consequences 32 Russian narrative 31-3,40-2 strategic views 31-2, 36 support to Assad regime 31-6,41-2 Syrian mercenaries 94 Syrian-Soviet relations 16-17 Syrian war 7 Transadriatic Pipeline (TAP) 93 Transanatolian Pipeline (TANAP) 93 Trans-Balkan Pipeline 86 Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline 69 Trenin, Dmitri 126 Trump, Donald, President (2017-21) 24, 26,67,73,83,90, 102,113,128 Tudeh Party 14 Tunisia-Russia relations 121-2 cultural exchanges 121 economic relations 121 Russian investments 121 tourism 122 Tunisian agro export 121 Turkey 2,14-15,18-19, 23, 27 tensions between United States and 89-90 Turkey-Russia relationship 2, 23, 85 · arm exports 50 Caucasus Stability and Cooperation
Platform 88 deal on Idlib 90-1 economic links 86-7 energy diplomacy 92-3 energy imports from Russia 86-7 extradition of Russian nationals 92 geopolitics 87-8 joint diplomatic initiatives 85 Libyan conflict and 91-2 nationalism and anti-Western sentiments 87 Russia’s strategic gains 90 Russia-Turkey-Iran triangle 89 security relationship 93-4 trade relations 86 Turkish relations with West, impact of 88-9 Turkish export destinations 87 Turkish Peace Spring, 2019 33 Turkish-Saudi relations 90 TurkStream natural gas pipeline 85-6,93 TurkStream pipeline 93 Tartus 3,15,17, 81, 98,115, 131-2 Tebboune, Abdelmadjid 119-20 Third World 1 Titorenko, Vladimir 102 TOS-ІА systems 49 tourism 87, 103-4, 109,119-24 UAE-Russia relations 99,104-5 diplomatic and trade exchanges 104 economic cooperation 104 non-oil trade 105 Ukraine 5 conflict 32
Index United Nations 32, 80, 92, 131,134 arms embargo on Libya 46 United Nations Security Council (UNSC) 3-4,19, 50, 78 Resolution 242,16 Resolution 1929 4 United States 1, 3,17-18, 35, 71, 75, 117,123 arms exports 5 Middle East policy 113 rules of engagement in Syria 24-5 tensions between Turkey and 89-90 US-Egypt strategic partnership 112-13 United States-Russian conflict 25,126. See also Cold War unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)/ drones 23, 36-8,49, 72, 91, 93, 124,135 US. See United States USSR/Soviet Union 1-2, 4,7-8,13-19, 25-6, 31,42,44-5, 68-9, 72, 86, 92, 107-9,117-21,123-4 209 Vinogradov, Arkadii 17 Vorobyeva, Maria 49 Wagner Group 91,131 war on terror 3 Warsaw Pact 23 war’s storytelling 44. See also Russia’s anti-Daesh fight weapons 7, 14, 17,24-5, 27-8, 32, 36-8, 43,45-50, 67, 70, 74-5, 86,109, 113, 118,127,132 xenophobia 5 Yandarbiyev, Zelimkhan 102 Yeltsin, Boris, President (1991-9) 70, 87 Yemen 2 Yom Kippur War 17 Zakharova, Maria 119 Zarif, Mohammad Javad 73 Zarubezhneft 61 Zayed, Sheikh Mohammen Bin 104 Vejonis, Rajmonds, President (2015-19) 32 Venezuela 5 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek ЬАПпЛһАП
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Contents List of Illustrations vii List of Contributors viii 1 Introduction 1 Dimitar Bechev, Nicu Popescu, and Stanislav Secrieru Part I: Russia in the Middle East: From the Soviet Union to Putin 2 The Soviet Union in the Middle East: An Overview 13 Dimitar Bechev, Florence Gaub, and Nicu Popescu 3 What Drives Russia’s Policy in the Middle East? 21 Dmitri Trenin Part II: Russian Policy in Action 4 Russia in Syria: A Military Analysis 31 Anton Lavrov 5 The Nonwar on Daesh 39 Florence Gaub 6 Russian Arms Exports in the Middle East 45 Timofey Borisov 7 Russia’s Energy Diplomacy in the Middle East 53 Carole Nakhle Part III: Regional Partnerships 8 Russia and Iran: It’s Complicated 67 Carol R. Saivetz 9 Russia and the “Resistance Axis” 77 Julien Barnes-Dacey 10 Russia and Turkey: The Promise and the Limits of Partnership 85 Dimitar Bechev 11 Understanding Russia-GCC Relations Dmitriy Frolovskiy 97
vi 12 Contents Russia and Egypt: A Precarious Honeymoon 107 Alexey Khlebnikov 13 The “Comrades” in the Maghreb 117 Dalia Ghanem 14 Russia and Israel: An Improbable Friendship 123 Mark N. Katz 15 Russia in the Middle East and North Africa:A Balance Sheet 131 Dimitar Bechev, Nicu Popescu, and Stanislav Secrieru Notes 137 Bibliography 173 Index 203
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202 Bibliography Bechev, Dimitar, Rival Power: Russia in Southeast Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017. Bergman, Ronen, Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel’s Targeted Assassinations. London: John Murray, 2018. Çağaptay, Soner, Erdoğan’s Empire: Turkey and the Politics of the Middle East. London: Bloomsbury, 2019. Freedman, Robert O., Soviet Policy towards the Middle East since 1970. New York: Praeger, 1982. Golan, Galia, Soviet Policies in the Middle East: From World War II to Gorbachev. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Gordon, Joel, Nasser’s Blessed Movement: Egypt’s Free Officers and the July Revolution. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Grinevskii, Oleg, Tainy Sovetskoi Diplomaţii [The Secrets of Soviet Diplomacy]. Moscow: Vagrius, 2000. Heikal, Mohamed, The Sphinx and the Commissar: The Rise and Fall of Soviet Influence in the Middle East. New York: Harper and Row, 1978. Kirişçi, Kemal, Turkey, and the West, Faultlines in a Troubled Alliance. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2017. Larrabee, F. Stephen, and Ian Lesser, Turkish Foreign Policy in an Age of Uncertainty. Santa Monica: RAND, 2003, Ch. 4. Lucas, Scott, Britain and Suez: The Lion’s Last Roar. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996. McFaul, Michael, From Cold War to Hot Peace. New York: Houghton, Miffin, Harcourt, 2018. Naumkin, Vitaliy, Nesostoyavsheesya Partniorstvo. Sovetskaya Diplomatya v Saudovskoi Araviy mezhdu Mirovými Voynami [Failed Partnership. Soviet Diplomacy in Saudi Arabia between World Wars]. Moscow: Aspekt Press, 2018. Nizammedin, Talal,
Putin’s New Order in the Middle East. London: Hurst, 2013. Nove, Alec, and J. A. Newth, The Soviet Middle East. A Modelfor Development? London: Allen Unwin, 1967. Özcan, Gençer, Evren Balta, and Burç Beşgül (eds.), Kuşku ile Komşuluk. Türkiye ve Rusya ilişkilerinde Değişen Dinamikler. İstanbul: İletişim, 2017. Philips, Christopher, The Battle for Syria: International Rivalry in the New Middle East. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016. Podtserob, Alexey, Rossia і Arabskii Mir [Russia and Arab World]. Moscow: MGIMO Universitet, 2015. Primakov, Yevgeny, Confidentially: The Middle East on Stage and Behind the Curtains. Moscow: Rossijskaya Gazeta, 2012. Primakov, Yevgeny, Russia and the Arabs: Behind the Scenes in the Middle Eastfrom the Cold War to the Present. New York: Basic Books, 2009. Ro’I, Yacov, and Boris Morozov, The Soviet Union and the 1967 Six Day War. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2008. Trenin, Dmitri, What Is Russia Up to in the Middle East? Cambridge: Polity, 2018. Vinogradov, Arkadii, Nepridumannaya Siria [Syria in Real Life], Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye Otnoshenia, 2017. Zolotarev, Vladimir, Rossia (SSSR) v Lokalnyh Voinah [Russia (USSR) in Local Wars]. Moscow: Kuchkovo Pole, 2000.
Index Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA) 105 Afghanistan 15 Ahrar al-Sham 92 al-Assad, Bashar 22-3, 28,41-2, 78-80, 84, 97, 100,102, 124-5,132 al-Assad, Hafez 16-17 al-Assad, Rifaat 17 Al-Attiyah, Pahad bin Mohamed 103 Algeria 18 Algerian Atomic Energy Commission (COMENA) 119 Algerian War 15 Algeria-Russia relations 117-20 arms exports 118 bilateral ties 117-18 civilian nuclear technology 119 construction of Algerian heavy industry 118 energy 119 Russian exports 118-19 Ali, Zine El Abidine Ben 121 Al-Kabir, Ali Bey 107 al-Nusra 31, 35 al-Qaeda 5, 31, 39,41,43 al-Sarraj, Fayez 92 Al Saud, King Salman bin Abdulaziz 49 al-Sisi, Abdel Fatah 104,107-8,114,125 Al Thani, Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad 103 anti-aircraft systems 113 anti-Muslim sentiment 5 Arab-Israeli war, 1973 16, 67. See also Six-Day War, 1967 Arab nationalism 14-16,18-19, 21 Arab Spring 2-4, 31, 93, 97, 124, 135 Arab uprisings of 2011 41 Arctic Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) project 59 arms exports 2, 4-5,112,118 Assad regime 4,31-6 Astana process 22, 78 automatic grenade launchers 49 Azerbaijan crisis of 1946 14 Baghdad Pact, 1955 14 Bakov, Albert 47 Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) oil pipeline 93 Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum (BTE) gas pipeline 93 Baku-Tbilisi-Kars (ВТК) railway 93 balance 2, 8,16, 26, 57, 72, 83, 90, 94,104, 120, 132,134-5 Balkan Stream 93 Bensalah, Abdelkader 119 Beria, Lavrenty 121 Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC) 86 Black Sea Naval Force (BLACKSEAFOR) 87 Blue Stream 2, 86 Bogdanov, Mikhail 32 Bolshevik Russia 100 Bolton, John 25 Bourguiba, Habib 121 Bouteflika, Abdelaziz 119,135 Brezhnev, Leonid 16-17 Camp
David accords, 1978 16,48,128 Caspian Sea 8, 33, 67, 69, 72 Caucasus 5, 8,19, 31, 68,75, 85-6, 88, 92-3, 97 Cem, Ismail 86 Central Asia 19,75,86,92-3 Chechnya 5, 31, 86-7,97, 124 Chemezov, Sergey 46 chemical warfare 24-5 chemical weapons 4, 21, 24-5, 81,88,132 China 27 Cold War 3,6-7,67,135
204 Index in Middle East 14 Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) 47,68 conflicts 3, 7,15-16, 21,68, 73, 75, 80-1, 84-5,91, 94, 98-9,101-2,110-11, 120,127-8,131-3 Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) 50-1,113 COVID-19 crisis 57, 99,122,135 Crimea annexation 32, 54,88 Cuban Missile Crisis 16 Dagestan 31 debt 118 deconfliction mechanism 25 Donbas 32,40, 74 Drian, Jean-Yves Le 43 Dulles, John Foster 15 Dunford, General 25 Eastern Europe 15-16 Eden, Anthony 14 Egypt 2,5,8,14-19,60,128 Egyptian Natural Gas Holding (EGAS) 60 Egyptian Nuclear Regulation and Radiological Authority (ENRRA) 112 Egypt-Russia relations 107 agricultural 111 arms deals 112 construction of nuclear power plant (NPP) 112 in counterterror cooperation 109-10 economic cooperation 111-12 energy 111 “2+2” format 109 four phases of 108 free-trade agreement 112 GCC partners and 114 joint use of airspace and air bases 110 political and economic ties 109 security cooperation 109-11 US sanctions and 113-14 Eisenhower, Dwight 14 energy diplomacy of Russia 112,119-20 benefits 55-6 challenges 53-4 civil nuclear cooperation 61-2 construction of nuclear power plants (NPP) 61-2 fallout between Russia and OPEC 57 oil and gas projects 60 partnership between Russia and Saudi Arabia 57-8 private players and commercial opportunities 59-61 security of demand 53 security of supply 53 as supplier of enriched uranium 61-2 Erdoòan, Recep Tayyip 24, 85, 88,90-1, 94,125 Essebsi, Beji Caid 121 ethnic tensions 5 “Euphrates Shield” operation 88-9 Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) 112 Federal Security
Service (FSB) 25 F-16 jets 85,126 P-35 jets 88-9 Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) 25 France 1,18 Free Syrian Army (FSA) 39, 89 free-trade agreement 94,112,121 FSB. See Federal Security Service (FSB) G7, 54 Gaddafi, Muammar 15,18 gas 3, 8, 34, 53-4, 59-60, 69-70, 73, 86, 92-3, 111, 119,132 Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF) 3,103 Gazprom 2, 86, 93,119 GazpromNeft 59 glasnost 1 Golan Heights 23, 26,131 Government of National Accord (GNA) 91 Great Patriotic War 25 4+1 group 78 GRU. See Military Intelligence Directorate (GRU) Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)-Russia relations evolution 97-8 with Qatar 102-3 Russia’s approach toward GCC 98-100 with Saudi Arabia 100-2 with UAE 104-5
Index Hadi, Mansour 47 Haftar, Khalifa 91-2,101,104 Hama massacre 17 Hariri, Saad, Prime Minister (2009-11 and 2016-20) 3,83 Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) 23, 35, 90 helicopters 33-4, 36-7,47-9,105,112 Hezbollah 1,24,28, 78,80, 83,112, 124-6 High-Level Strategic Cooperation Council 86 Idlib 22-3, 33, 35, 38, 78-9, 90-1, 95, 110,133 India 5, 27 infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) 45 Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges (INSTEX) 71 Intergovernmental Agreement on MilitaryTechnical Cooperation 40 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 70 investment ventures 3-4, 7-8, 21, 27, 38, 45, 54, 59-60, 68-9, 73, 81, 99-105, 112, 134 Iran 1-2,15, 26, 61 Iranian revolutionary guards 74 Iranian revolution of 1979 19 Iran-Israel conflict 25-6 Iran-Russia cooperation 68,77,79 arm exports 50 construction of nuclear power plant (NPP) 61,70-1 crude-for-services swap 74 development of West Paydar and Abadan fields 61 differences between two states 80-1 geopolitics 68-9, 77-9 Russian investment in Iran 68 Russia’s commitment to Assad 78-9 Suleimanis killing, impact of 73-4 supply of enriched uranium 70 Syria-centric 77-84 US pressure on Iran, impact of 72-3, 83 Iraq 60 Iraq-Russia strategic relationship 77 Iskander-E (SS-26) short-range ballistic missile system 47 Islam 3, 5,97, 99,104 205 Islamic Republic 4,8, 25,28, 67, 73, 77, 79, 89 Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) 78 Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 7, 31-2, 34,39,41-4, 92, 109 Islamism 19,42 Israel 2, 6, 8-9,15-19, 21-2, 24-6, 28 Israeli National Security Council 25 Israel-Iran conflict 126 Israel-Russia relationship
82,123-4 arms sales 124 role of Iran and Hezbollah 124-6 Russia as a mediator between Israel and Iran 127-8 September 2018 incident 125-6 threats 125-7 trade and cultural links 124 Italy 1 Ivanov, Igor 86 Jaish al-Islam 92 “jet crisis” of 2015-16 89 Jews 2, 16, 124 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) 4, 26,28, 67, 70-1,128 joint security and intelligence-sharing cooperation mechanism 78 Kadyrov, Ramzan 3 Kalashnikov AK-103 assault rifles 49 Kennedy, Robert 25 Khashoggi, Jamal 90 Khmeimim 34, 36, 98 Khruschev, Nikita 14 Kornet-E anti-tank guided missile systems (ATGMs) 46,49 Kortunov, Andrey 67 Kurdish militia 24 Kurdish peace process 88 Kurdish Peoples Protection Units (YPG) 88 Kurdistan Workers’ Party (Partiya Karker ên Kurdistan ê, PKK) 23, 87 Kurds 2,21,23,88-90 Latakia 17,23,81,91 Lavrentiev, Alexander 82 Lavrov, Sergey 32,41,103,119
206 Index Lebanese civil war, 1982 18 leverage 77, 81, 83-4, 89, 94, 110,113, 115, 120,122 Libya 1-2,4,15,18-19, 26 Libyan National Army (LNA) 91,110 Lukoil 59-60, 73, 104,111 Macron, Emmanuel 90 Maghreb 117,120,122. See also AlgeriaRussia relations; Morocco-Russia relations; Tunisia-Russia relations man-portable air-defense systems (MANPADS) 34 Mattis, James 25 Mazidi, Anwar Al 50 Medvedev, Dmitry 4 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) armaments market 45 MiG planes 45-6,49,112 Mikheev, Alexander 48-9 Military Intelligence Directorate (GRU) 25 МІ-35М attack helicopters 47 missile 24, 26, 33-4, 36-8,47-8, 118, 125-7,135 Morocco-Russia relations 120-1 cooperation agreements 120 nuclear energy 120 trade 120 Morsi, Mohammed 125 Mubadala Investment Company 105 Mubarak, Hosni 108-9,112 multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS) 45 Muslim Brotherhood 17, 90,103,108, 125 Naguib, Mohammed 107 Nasser, Gamal Abdel 14-15,107-8 National Liberation Front (FLN) 15 Netanyahu, Benjamin, Prime Minister (since 2009) 22, 25-6,123, 125, 127 Non-Aligned Movement 18 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 14-15, 38, 72, 87,131 North-South Corridor project 68 Novak, Alexander 61 Novatek 60 nuclear power deals 61-2,112,119-20 economic benefits of 62 Nusra Front 39 Obama, Barack, President (2009-17) 6, 32, 35,43,124 oil prices 53-4,74 oil production 28, 54 OPEC+ agreement 55-7 by OPEC countries 55 partnership between Russia and Saudi Arabia 57-9 reserves-to-production ratio, 2017 58 Olive Branch” operation 88 OPEC+ deal 55-7,102 OPEC+ group 28 Operation “Peace Spring,” 90 Organization of the Islamic
Conference 3 P5+1, 70 Pakermanov, Evgeny 62 Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) 16 Pan-Arabism 14 Pantsir-Sl (SA-22) project 40 Patrushev, Nikolai 25 peaceful conflict resolution 19 Pen, Marine Le 42 perestroika 1 perezagruzka 4 PKK. See Kurdistan Workers’ Party (Partiya Karker ën Kurdistan ê, PKK) Pompeo, Mike 71 Primakov, Yevgeny, Prime Minister (1998-9) 2,71,87 Public Investment Fund of Saudi Arabia (PIF)101-2 Pushkov, Alexey 32, 73 Putin, Vladimir, Prime Minister (2008-12), Acting President (1999-2000), President (2000-8, 2012-current) 1-6, 8, 21-6, 32,41-3,49, 67, 71-4, 81-2, 84-5, 87, 90-1, 94,102-4,107, 120, 125-8, 136 Qatar-Russia relations 98-9,102-3 cultural exchange and tourism 103 energy trade 103 Qatar’s investments in Russia 103 Ramani, Samuel 125 regional axis 82 resistance axis 77-9, 83
Index Rosneft 2,59-61,73,103,111 Rosoboronexport 46,48 RT Arabic 28 Russia “Afghanistan syndrome,” 133 alliances 27 arms exports. See Russian arms exports diplomacy in Middle East. See Russian policy in Middle East diplomatic and military ties between Egypt and 61 diplomatic channels 4 economy 54-5 foreign policy 26 goal of military operation 31 gross domestic product (GDP) 28 military police 33 military reforms 27 as observer 3 world influence 27 Russian armed forces 37-8 Russian arms exports 2,4,45-51,124 to Algeria 47,118 challenges 50-1 to Egypt 48,112 to Iran 50 to Iraq 47 issue of CAATSA 50-1 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) armaments market 45-51 to Qatar 49 Russian Moll with Algeria 45-6 to Saudi Arabia 49 Syrian campaign and 48-9 to Turkey 50 toUAE 49 Russian diplomacy in Middle East 2-6, 8, 14-15,21-2,67,135-6 achievements 131-3 for expanding global influence 26-7 in Iran 24 liabilities 133-4 limitations 27-8 Realpolitik approach 28 rules of engagement in Syria 24-5 Syrian peace process 22-4 in Turkey 23 Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) 59-60,101-2,105 207 Russian mercenaries 24, 34, 34,91, 131,133-4 Russian State Atomic Energy Corporation (Rosatom) 61-2, 92,119 in Iran 61 in Saudi Arabia 61 Russia’s anti-Daesh fight 39 bombing of Raqqa 43 perception of Middle Eastern audiences 43 Russian narrative 40-2 as a strategic communication tool 43-4 and Syrian opposition 40-2 and Western countries 42-3 Russia-Turkey-Iran triangle 8, 89, 95 Russophone Jews 2 Ryabov, Sergei 71 Sadat, Anwar 108-9 Salafist Ahrar al-Sham militia 89 Saleh, Aguila 92 Salman, Mohammed bin
100-1 Saudi Arabia 2, 26 Saudi Vision 2030 101 Turkish-Saudi relations 90 Saudi Arabia-Russia relations 98,100-2 economic diplomacy 101 investments in infrastructure and other projects 102 Saudi Aramco 60 Sechin, Igor 59, 61 Shanghai Cooperation Organization 72 Shia movement 24 Shinzo Abe, prime minister (2006-7 and 2012-20) 72 Shugayev, Dmitry 46, 49 Six-Day War, 1967 16 S-300 missile system 4, 45,70, 86,112,126 Sochi 22-3, 71, 90, 92, 105 Sonatrach 119 Southern Gas Corridor 93 South Yemen 18 Soviet communism 14 opposition to religion 18 Soviet ideology 14 Soviet natural gas pipeline 1 Soviet power failure of 18-19 influence in Middle East 1-6
208 Index military capability 1 military intervention in Syria 2 overseas 1 S-400 SAM systems 2,47,49, 50, 85,113-14 State Armament Program (Gosudarstvennaya programma vooruzheniya) 37-8 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) 5 Stroytransgaz 81 Suez Canal nationalization 14 Su-35 fighter jets 112-14 Su fighters 47-9, 51,94, 112-14 Suleiman, Mohammed 17 Suleimani, Qassem 73-4,78 Sunni extremism 79 superpowers self-restraint actions 17-18 surface-to-air missile systems (SAMs) 46-7 SVR. See Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) Syria 1,4-6, 8-9, 14-19, 21-8 Syrian conflict 31-3, 36,40-3, 48, 77-9, 82-3, 89,92, 133 Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) 35, 88 Syrian intervention, Russia’s 16,77-84, 91, 103,124-6 approximates strikes 40 cost 35 involvement of military police 33 limitations and disappointments 35, 37 military deployment 32-7 military victory and lessons learned 35-7 political consequences 32 Russian narrative 31-3,40-2 strategic views 31-2, 36 support to Assad regime 31-6,41-2 Syrian mercenaries 94 Syrian-Soviet relations 16-17 Syrian war 7 Transadriatic Pipeline (TAP) 93 Transanatolian Pipeline (TANAP) 93 Trans-Balkan Pipeline 86 Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline 69 Trenin, Dmitri 126 Trump, Donald, President (2017-21) 24, 26,67,73,83,90, 102,113,128 Tudeh Party 14 Tunisia-Russia relations 121-2 cultural exchanges 121 economic relations 121 Russian investments 121 tourism 122 Tunisian agro export 121 Turkey 2,14-15,18-19, 23, 27 tensions between United States and 89-90 Turkey-Russia relationship 2, 23, 85 · arm exports 50 Caucasus Stability and Cooperation
Platform 88 deal on Idlib 90-1 economic links 86-7 energy diplomacy 92-3 energy imports from Russia 86-7 extradition of Russian nationals 92 geopolitics 87-8 joint diplomatic initiatives 85 Libyan conflict and 91-2 nationalism and anti-Western sentiments 87 Russia’s strategic gains 90 Russia-Turkey-Iran triangle 89 security relationship 93-4 trade relations 86 Turkish relations with West, impact of 88-9 Turkish export destinations 87 Turkish Peace Spring, 2019 33 Turkish-Saudi relations 90 TurkStream natural gas pipeline 85-6,93 TurkStream pipeline 93 Tartus 3,15,17, 81, 98,115, 131-2 Tebboune, Abdelmadjid 119-20 Third World 1 Titorenko, Vladimir 102 TOS-ІА systems 49 tourism 87, 103-4, 109,119-24 UAE-Russia relations 99,104-5 diplomatic and trade exchanges 104 economic cooperation 104 non-oil trade 105 Ukraine 5 conflict 32
Index United Nations 32, 80, 92, 131,134 arms embargo on Libya 46 United Nations Security Council (UNSC) 3-4,19, 50, 78 Resolution 242,16 Resolution 1929 4 United States 1, 3,17-18, 35, 71, 75, 117,123 arms exports 5 Middle East policy 113 rules of engagement in Syria 24-5 tensions between Turkey and 89-90 US-Egypt strategic partnership 112-13 United States-Russian conflict 25,126. See also Cold War unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)/ drones 23, 36-8,49, 72, 91, 93, 124,135 US. See United States USSR/Soviet Union 1-2, 4,7-8,13-19, 25-6, 31,42,44-5, 68-9, 72, 86, 92, 107-9,117-21,123-4 209 Vinogradov, Arkadii 17 Vorobyeva, Maria 49 Wagner Group 91,131 war on terror 3 Warsaw Pact 23 war’s storytelling 44. See also Russia’s anti-Daesh fight weapons 7, 14, 17,24-5, 27-8, 32, 36-8, 43,45-50, 67, 70, 74-5, 86,109, 113, 118,127,132 xenophobia 5 Yandarbiyev, Zelimkhan 102 Yeltsin, Boris, President (1991-9) 70, 87 Yemen 2 Yom Kippur War 17 Zakharova, Maria 119 Zarif, Mohammad Javad 73 Zarubezhneft 61 Zayed, Sheikh Mohammen Bin 104 Vejonis, Rajmonds, President (2015-19) 32 Venezuela 5 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek ЬАПпЛһАП |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 gnd Nordafrika (DE-588)4042482-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland Naher Osten Nordafrika |
| id | DE-604.BV047484335 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:13:37Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:13:23Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780755636648 9780755636631 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032885762 |
| oclc_num | 1267905566 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | x, 209 Seiten Illustrationen |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20211110 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | I.B. Tauris |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Russia rising Putin's foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa edited by Dimitar Bechev, Nicu Popescu, and Stanislav Secrieru London ; New York, NY I.B. Tauris 2021 x, 209 Seiten Illustrationen txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 gnd rswk-swf Nordafrika (DE-588)4042482-0 gnd rswk-swf Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / Middle East Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / Africa, North Middle East / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation) Africa, North / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation) Diplomatic relations Middle East North Africa Russia (Federation) (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 p Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 g Nordafrika (DE-588)4042482-0 g DE-604 Bechev, Dimitar 1975- (DE-588)138202826 edt Popescu, Nicu (DE-588)1061216373 edt Secrieru, Stanislav ca. 20./21.Jh. (DE-588)1042302839 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-7556-3665-5 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032885762&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032885762&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032885762&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Russia rising Putin's foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)122188926 (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4068878-1 (DE-588)4042482-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Russia rising Putin's foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa |
| title_auth | Russia rising Putin's foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa |
| title_exact_search | Russia rising Putin's foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Russia rising Putin's foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa |
| title_full | Russia rising Putin's foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa edited by Dimitar Bechev, Nicu Popescu, and Stanislav Secrieru |
| title_fullStr | Russia rising Putin's foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa edited by Dimitar Bechev, Nicu Popescu, and Stanislav Secrieru |
| title_full_unstemmed | Russia rising Putin's foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa edited by Dimitar Bechev, Nicu Popescu, and Stanislav Secrieru |
| title_short | Russia rising |
| title_sort | russia rising putin s foreign policy in the middle east and north africa |
| title_sub | Putin's foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa |
| topic | Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- Außenpolitik Russland Naher Osten Nordafrika Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032885762&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032885762&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032885762&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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