Vegetation and climate:
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| Beschreibung: | xxiv, 557 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (farbig) |
| ISBN: | 9783662640357 |
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| 653 | |a Zonobiomes | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
Contents Part I General Part 1 Preliminary Remarks. 1.1 Scientific Ecology. 1.2 Importance of Systematics and Taxonomy for Biology. 1.3 Importance of Scientific Documentation (e.g. in Museums). 1.4 Importance of Excursions for Young Scientists. References. З 5 6 6 7 7 2 Part A: Ecological Basics (Autecology). 2.1 Ecological Factors. 2.1.1 Radiation, Light. Radiation and Plant. Absorption of Radiation Through the Leaves. 2.1.2 Temperature, Frost, Heat. 2.1.3 Water. Global Water Supply. Water Balance Types and Drought Resistance. Soil
Water. Water State of the Cell. Xerophytes. 2.1.4 Chemical Factors and the Soil. Nutrients and Trace Elements, Mineral Supply. Salt: Halophytes and Salt Soils, Halobiomes. 2.1.5 Mechanical Factors. Wind, Trampling. Fire. 2.2 The Climate. 2.2.1 General Questions. 2.2.2 The Radiation Budget and Astronomical Basics. 2.2.3 The Heat Balance. 2.2.4 The Water Balance. 2.2.5 The Earth’s Eco-Climates (ClimateClassification). 2.2.6 Climate Representation: Thermo-IsoplethDiagrams, Ecological Climate Diagrams.
References. 9 11 11 12 12 13 16 16 16 16 17 19 22 22 26 31 31 32 34 34 35 39 42 46 Part B: Ecological Basis (Synecology). 3.1 Environment and Competition. 3.2 Pollination and Fertilization (Flowers, Seeds, Fruits). 3.3 Dispersal and Distribution. 3.4 Ecotypes and Biotope Change. 57 59 61 62 63 3 48 55 XV
Contents xvi The Historical Dimension. Coevolution and Symbioses. Population Ecology. Biodiversity. 3.8.1 The Uneven Global Distribution of Biodiversity. 3.8.2 On the Value of Threatened Diversity. 3.9 Zonal, Azonal and Extrazonal Vegetation. References. 64 67 69 70 71 74 76 78 Part C: Ecological Systems and Ecosystem Biology. 4.1 Geo-Biosphere and Hydro-Biosphere. 4.2 The Hydro-Biosphere. 4.3 Division of the Geo-Biosphere into Zonobiomes. 4.4 Zonoecotone. 4.5 Ecological Systems. 4.6 Orobiomes and
Pedobiomes. 4.7 Biome. 4.8 SmaU Units of the Ecological System: Biogeocenes and Synusia. 4.9 Ecosystem Biology and the Nature of Ecosystems. 4.10 Highly Productive Ecosystems. 4.11 Peculiarities of the Material Cycles of Different Ecosystems. 4.12 The Importance of Fire for Ecosystems. 4.13 The Individual Zonobiomes and Their Distribution. References. 81 83 83 84 85 86 87 89 89 91 99 100 101 104 107 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4 Part II 5 6 Special Part Part D: ZB I—Zonobiome of the Evergreen Tropical Rainforest or of the Equatorial Humid Diurnal Climate. 5.1 Typical Features of the Climate in ZB 1. 5.2 Soils and Pedobiomes. 5.3 Vegetation. 5.3.1 Structure of the Tree Layer,Flowering Periodicity. 5.3.2 Mosaic
Structure of theHabitats. 5.3.3 Herb Layer. . 5.3.4 Lianas. 5.3.5 Epiphytes, Hemi-Epiphytesand Strangler. 5.3.6 EpiphyIlic Plants. 5.3.7 Biodiversity. 5.4 Different Types of Vegetation in Zonobiome I Around the Equator. 5.5 Orobiome I: Tropical Mountains with Diurnal Climate. 5.5.1 Forest Belt. 5.5.2 Forest Line. 5.5.3 Andine (Alpine) Belt. 5.6 The Biogeocoenes of the Zonobiome I as Ecosystems. 5.7 Fauna and Food Chains in the Zonobiome 1. 5.8 Man in the Zonobiome 1. 5.9 Zonoecotone I/П: Semi-Evergreen Forest-Thorn Savannah. References. Ill 113 115 117 117 123
124 125 128 133 133 136 141 141 146 148 154 155 156 158 164 Part E: ZB II: Zonobiome of Savannahs, Deciduous Forests and Grasslands of the Tropical Summer Rainfall Area. 6.1 General. 6.2 Climate, Soils and Zonal Vegetation. 165 167 167
_ _ _ contents _. _ xvii Savannahs (Trees and Grasses). 173 Park Landscapes. 183 Examples of Large Savannah Areas. 185 6.5.1 Llanos on the Orinoco. 185 6.5.2 Campos Cerrados. 188 6.5.3 The Chaco Area. 189 6.5.4 Savannahs and Park Landscapesof East Africa. 189 6.5.5 Monsoon Forests in India. 190 6.5.6 Vegetation of the Australian ZB П. 194 6.6 Ecosystem Research: Examples. 194 6.6.1 The Lamto Savannah. 194 6.6.2 The Animal World. 195 6.7 Tropical Hydrobiomes in ZB I and ZB Π. 197 6.8 Mangroves as Halo-Helobiomes in ZB Iand ZB Π. 197 6.9 Shore Formations: Psammobiome. 201 6.10 Orobiome II: Tropical
Mountains withan Annual Temperature Cycle. . . 203 6.11 Man in the Savannah. 207 6.12 Zonoecotone Π/ΠΙ. 207 6.12.1 Sahel. 207 6.12.2 Thar or Sind Desert. 207 6.12.3 The Caatinga. 211 6.12.4 Tropical East Africa. 211 6.12.5 SW Madagascar. 211 References. 218 6.3 6.4 6.5 7 Part F: ZB III: Zonobiome of Hot Deserts or Subtropical Arid Climate. 7.1 Climatic Subzonobiomes. 7.2 Soils and their Water Balance. 7.3 Substrate Dependent Desert Types. 7.3.1 The Stone Desert (Hamada). 7.3.2 The Gravel Desert (Serir or Reg). 7.3.3 Sand Desert (Erg or
Areg). 7.3.4 The Dry Valleys (Wadis or Oueds). 7.3.5 Pans (Sabkhas, Dayas or Schotts) and Takyr. 7.3.6 Oases. 7.4 Water Supply for Desert Plants. 7.5 Ecological Types of Desert Plants. 7.6 Productivity of Desert Vegetation. Ί.Ί Desert Vegetation in the Different Floral Kingdoms. 7.7.1 Sahara. 7.7.2 Negev and the Sinai. 7.7.3 Arabian Peninsula. 7.7.4 Sonora. 7.7.5 Australian Deserts. 7.7.6 Namib and Karoo. 7.7.7 Atacama. 7.8 Orobiome Ш: The Desert Mountains of the Subtropics. 7.9 Man in the
Desert. 7.10 The Zonoecotone ІПТГѴ: The Semi-Deserts. References. 219 223 225 227 227 228 228 228 230 230 231 233 235 236 236 238 238 239 241 244 254 257 257 258 261
xviii Contents 8 Part G: ZB IV—Zonobiome of Sclerophyllic Woodlands Mediterranean Winter Rain Areas. 263 8.1 General, Climate, Soils. 267 8.2 Origin of Zonobiome IV and Their Relations to Zonobiome V. 269 8.3 The Mediterranean Area. 270 8.4 Importance of Sclerophylly in Competition. 275 8.5 Arid Mediterranean Subzonobiome, N Africa, Anatolia, Iran. 276 8.6 California and Neighbouring Regions. 277 8.7 Central Chilean Winter Rain Region with the Zonoecotones. 280 8.8 The Cape Province in South Africa. 283 8.9 SW and S Australia. 290 8.10 Mediterranean Orobiome. 294 8.11 Climate and Vegetation of the Canary Islands. 296 8.12 Afghanistan at the Eastern Edge of the Winter Rain Zone. 302 8.12.1 Irano-Turanian Floral Elements. 303 8.12.2 Sino-Japanese Floral
Elements. 304 8.12.3 Saharo-Sindian and Other Floral Elements inAfghanistan. . . . 304 8.12.4 Floristic Elements of the Afghan High Mountains. 309 8.13 Man in the Mediterranean. 313 References. 319 9 Part H: ZB V—Zonobiome of the Laurel Forests or of the Warm Temperate Humid Climate. 9.1 General, Climate, Soils. 9.2 Tertiary Forests, Lauriphylly and Sclerophylly. 9.3 Subzonobiome on the Western Sides of the Continents. 9.3.1 North America, Forests with Giant Conifers. 9.3.2 Valdivian Rainforest in Southern Chile. 9.3.3 Western Australia. 9.3.4 Western Europe. 9.3.5 The Colchis and Hyrcania. 9.4 Humid Subzonobiome on the Eastern Sides of the Continents. 9.4.1 East Asia, China,
Japan. 9.4.2 Southeastern North America. 9.4.3 Araucaria Forests of Southeast Brazil. 9.4.4 South Africa. 9.4.5 Biomes of Eucalyptus-Nothofagus forests in South-eastern Australia and Tasmania. 339 9.4.6 Warm Temperate Biomes of New Zealand. References. 10 Part I: ZB VI—Zonobiome of Winter Bare Deciduous Forests or Temperate Nemoral Climate. 347 10.1 Leaf Shedding as an Adaptation to the Winter Cold. 10.2 Importance of Winter Cold for Species of the Nemoral Zone. 10.3 Distribution of the Zonobiome VI. 10.4 Atlantic Heaths. 10.5 The Deciduous Forest as an Ecosystem. 10.5.1 General. 10.5.2 The Beech Forest in the Soiling asan Ecosystem. 10.5.3
Ecophysiology of the Tree Layer. 10.5.4 Ecophysiology of the Herb Layer (Synusiae). 10.5.5 Water Balance. 10.5.6 The Long Cycle (Consumers). 321 326 328 329 329 331 331 333 333 335 335 337 337 338 340 346 351 352 353 353 358 358 364 367 371 374 376
Contents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10.5.7 Decomposers in Litter and Soil. 10.5.8 Solling Ecosystem. 10.6 Orobiome VI: The Northern Alps and the Alpine Forest and Tree Line. . 10.6.1 The Elevational Belts. 10.6.2 The Forest Belts. 10.6.3 Alpine and Nival Belts. 10.7 Zonoecotone VI/VII: Forest-Steppe. References. 11 12 Part J: ZB VII—Zonobiome of Steppes and Cold Deserts or of Arid Temperate Climate. 11.1 Climate. 11.2 Soils of the Steppe Zone of Eastern Europe. 11.3 Meadow Steppes on Mighty Chernozem and the Feather Grass Steppes . . 11.4 North American Prairie. 11.5 Ecophysiology of Steppe and Prairie Species. 11.6 Asian
Steppes. 11.7 Wildlife of the Steppes. 11.8 Steppes of the Southern Hemisphere. 11.9 Sub-Zonobiome of the Semi-Deserts. 11.9.1 Distribution. 11.9.2 Vegetation in Afghanistan. Calligonum-Stipagrostis Communities of Sandy Deserts (Fig. 8.57: la). Haloxylon Salicornicum Communities in Gravel Deserts (Fig. 8.57: lb). Other Shrubby and Semi-Shrubby Chenopodiaceous Deserts and Semi-Deserts (Fig. 8.57: 1c). Ephemeral Semi-Desert on Loess Soils (Fig. 8.57: Id). Shrubby Amygdalus Semi-Desert (Fig. 8.57: le). 11.10 Subzonobiome of the Central Asian Deserts. 11.11 The Karakum Sand Desert. 11.12 The Áralkum Desert. 11.13 Orobiome ѴП (гШ) in Middle
Asia. 11.13.1 Tien Shan. 11.13.2 The High Mountains of Afghanistan. Alpine Semi-Deserts, Steppes and Meadows (Fig. 8.59: 7b). . . Nival Belt (Fig. 8.59:8). Ecophysiological Data from Afghan Mountains. 11.14 Subzonobiome of the Central Asian Deserts. 11.15 Subzonobiome of the Cold High Plateau Deserts of Tibet and Pamir (sZB ѴП, tlX). 433 11.16 Man in the Steppe and Cold Desert. 11.17 Zonoecotone ѴІ/ѴШ: Boreo-Nemoral Zone. References. Part K: ZB VIII—Zonobiome of the Taiga or of the Cold Temperate Boreal Climate. 12.1 Climate and Soils. 12.2 The Coniferous Species of the Boreal Zone. 12.3 The Oceanic Birch Forests in ZB ѴІП. 12.4 The
European Boreal Forest Zone. 12.5 On the Ecology of the Coniferous Forest. 378 380 381 381 382 385 389 394 395 399 399 402 404 408 410 410 411 413 413 417 417 418 418 418 418 419 423 425 427 427 428 430 430 431 432 436 436 441 443 448 448 450 452 452
XX The Siberian Taiga. Extreme Continental Larch Forests of Eastern Siberia with Thermokarst Phenomena. 12.8 Orobiome VIII: Mountain Tundra. 12.9 Mire Types of the Boreal Zone (Peinohelobiome). 12.9.1 Ecology of Raised Bogs. 12.9.2 The West Siberian Lowlands, the Largest Marshland on Earth. 12.10 Man in the Taiga. 12.11 Zonoecotone ѴШ/ІХ (Forest Tundra) and the Polar Forest and Tree Line. References. 470 476 13 Part L: ZB IX—Zonobiom of the Tundra, the Arctic Climate. 13.1 Climate and Soils. 13.2 The Vegetation of the Tundra. 13.3 Ecophysiological
Investigations. 13.4 Wildlife of the Arctic Tundra. 13.5 Man in the Tundra. 13.6 ArcticCold Desert and the Solifluction. 13.7 Antarctica and Subantarctic Islands. References. 477 481 482 482 483 484 485 486 492 14 Part Μ: Summary, Conclusions. 14.1 Phytomass and Primary Production of the Individual Vegetation Zones and the Entire Biosphere. 14.2 Conclusions from an Ecological Point of View. 14.3 The Population Explosion. 14.4 The Overtechnification. 14.5 Sustainable Land Use. 14.6 Confessions.
References. 493 497 499 500 501 504 507 512 Taxonomic Index. 513 Subject Index. 527 12.6 12.7 456 457 461 461 465 467 469 |
| adam_txt |
Contents Part I General Part 1 Preliminary Remarks. 1.1 Scientific Ecology. 1.2 Importance of Systematics and Taxonomy for Biology. 1.3 Importance of Scientific Documentation (e.g. in Museums). 1.4 Importance of Excursions for Young Scientists. References. З 5 6 6 7 7 2 Part A: Ecological Basics (Autecology). 2.1 Ecological Factors. 2.1.1 Radiation, Light. Radiation and Plant. Absorption of Radiation Through the Leaves. 2.1.2 Temperature, Frost, Heat. 2.1.3 Water. Global Water Supply. Water Balance Types and Drought Resistance. Soil
Water. Water State of the Cell. Xerophytes. 2.1.4 Chemical Factors and the Soil. Nutrients and Trace Elements, Mineral Supply. Salt: Halophytes and Salt Soils, Halobiomes. 2.1.5 Mechanical Factors. Wind, Trampling. Fire. 2.2 The Climate. 2.2.1 General Questions. 2.2.2 The Radiation Budget and Astronomical Basics. 2.2.3 The Heat Balance. 2.2.4 The Water Balance. 2.2.5 The Earth’s Eco-Climates (ClimateClassification). 2.2.6 Climate Representation: Thermo-IsoplethDiagrams, Ecological Climate Diagrams.
References. 9 11 11 12 12 13 16 16 16 16 17 19 22 22 26 31 31 32 34 34 35 39 42 46 Part B: Ecological Basis (Synecology). 3.1 Environment and Competition. 3.2 Pollination and Fertilization (Flowers, Seeds, Fruits). 3.3 Dispersal and Distribution. 3.4 Ecotypes and Biotope Change. 57 59 61 62 63 3 48 55 XV
Contents xvi The Historical Dimension. Coevolution and Symbioses. Population Ecology. Biodiversity. 3.8.1 The Uneven Global Distribution of Biodiversity. 3.8.2 On the Value of Threatened Diversity. 3.9 Zonal, Azonal and Extrazonal Vegetation. References. 64 67 69 70 71 74 76 78 Part C: Ecological Systems and Ecosystem Biology. 4.1 Geo-Biosphere and Hydro-Biosphere. 4.2 The Hydro-Biosphere. 4.3 Division of the Geo-Biosphere into Zonobiomes. 4.4 Zonoecotone. 4.5 Ecological Systems. 4.6 Orobiomes and
Pedobiomes. 4.7 Biome. 4.8 SmaU Units of the Ecological System: Biogeocenes and Synusia. 4.9 Ecosystem Biology and the Nature of Ecosystems. 4.10 Highly Productive Ecosystems. 4.11 Peculiarities of the Material Cycles of Different Ecosystems. 4.12 The Importance of Fire for Ecosystems. 4.13 The Individual Zonobiomes and Their Distribution. References. 81 83 83 84 85 86 87 89 89 91 99 100 101 104 107 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 4 Part II 5 6 Special Part Part D: ZB I—Zonobiome of the Evergreen Tropical Rainforest or of the Equatorial Humid Diurnal Climate. 5.1 Typical Features of the Climate in ZB 1. 5.2 Soils and Pedobiomes. 5.3 Vegetation. 5.3.1 Structure of the Tree Layer,Flowering Periodicity. 5.3.2 Mosaic
Structure of theHabitats. 5.3.3 Herb Layer. . 5.3.4 Lianas. 5.3.5 Epiphytes, Hemi-Epiphytesand Strangler. 5.3.6 EpiphyIlic Plants. 5.3.7 Biodiversity. 5.4 Different Types of Vegetation in Zonobiome I Around the Equator. 5.5 Orobiome I: Tropical Mountains with Diurnal Climate. 5.5.1 Forest Belt. 5.5.2 Forest Line. 5.5.3 Andine (Alpine) Belt. 5.6 The Biogeocoenes of the Zonobiome I as Ecosystems. 5.7 Fauna and Food Chains in the Zonobiome 1. 5.8 Man in the Zonobiome 1. 5.9 Zonoecotone I/П: Semi-Evergreen Forest-Thorn Savannah. References. Ill 113 115 117 117 123
124 125 128 133 133 136 141 141 146 148 154 155 156 158 164 Part E: ZB II: Zonobiome of Savannahs, Deciduous Forests and Grasslands of the Tropical Summer Rainfall Area. 6.1 General. 6.2 Climate, Soils and Zonal Vegetation. 165 167 167
_ _ _ contents _. _ xvii Savannahs (Trees and Grasses). 173 Park Landscapes. 183 Examples of Large Savannah Areas. 185 6.5.1 Llanos on the Orinoco. 185 6.5.2 Campos Cerrados. 188 6.5.3 The Chaco Area. 189 6.5.4 Savannahs and Park Landscapesof East Africa. 189 6.5.5 Monsoon Forests in India. 190 6.5.6 Vegetation of the Australian ZB П. 194 6.6 Ecosystem Research: Examples. 194 6.6.1 The Lamto Savannah. 194 6.6.2 The Animal World. 195 6.7 Tropical Hydrobiomes in ZB I and ZB Π. 197 6.8 Mangroves as Halo-Helobiomes in ZB Iand ZB Π. 197 6.9 Shore Formations: Psammobiome. 201 6.10 Orobiome II: Tropical
Mountains withan Annual Temperature Cycle. . . 203 6.11 Man in the Savannah. 207 6.12 Zonoecotone Π/ΠΙ. 207 6.12.1 Sahel. 207 6.12.2 Thar or Sind Desert. 207 6.12.3 The Caatinga. 211 6.12.4 Tropical East Africa. 211 6.12.5 SW Madagascar. 211 References. 218 6.3 6.4 6.5 7 Part F: ZB III: Zonobiome of Hot Deserts or Subtropical Arid Climate. 7.1 Climatic Subzonobiomes. 7.2 Soils and their Water Balance. 7.3 Substrate Dependent Desert Types. 7.3.1 The Stone Desert (Hamada). 7.3.2 The Gravel Desert (Serir or Reg). 7.3.3 Sand Desert (Erg or
Areg). 7.3.4 The Dry Valleys (Wadis or Oueds). 7.3.5 Pans (Sabkhas, Dayas or Schotts) and Takyr. 7.3.6 Oases. 7.4 Water Supply for Desert Plants. 7.5 Ecological Types of Desert Plants. 7.6 Productivity of Desert Vegetation. Ί.Ί Desert Vegetation in the Different Floral Kingdoms. 7.7.1 Sahara. 7.7.2 Negev and the Sinai. 7.7.3 Arabian Peninsula. 7.7.4 Sonora. 7.7.5 Australian Deserts. 7.7.6 Namib and Karoo. 7.7.7 Atacama. 7.8 Orobiome Ш: The Desert Mountains of the Subtropics. 7.9 Man in the
Desert. 7.10 The Zonoecotone ІПТГѴ: The Semi-Deserts. References. 219 223 225 227 227 228 228 228 230 230 231 233 235 236 236 238 238 239 241 244 254 257 257 258 261
xviii Contents 8 Part G: ZB IV—Zonobiome of Sclerophyllic Woodlands Mediterranean Winter Rain Areas. 263 8.1 General, Climate, Soils. 267 8.2 Origin of Zonobiome IV and Their Relations to Zonobiome V. 269 8.3 The Mediterranean Area. 270 8.4 Importance of Sclerophylly in Competition. 275 8.5 Arid Mediterranean Subzonobiome, N Africa, Anatolia, Iran. 276 8.6 California and Neighbouring Regions. 277 8.7 Central Chilean Winter Rain Region with the Zonoecotones. 280 8.8 The Cape Province in South Africa. 283 8.9 SW and S Australia. 290 8.10 Mediterranean Orobiome. 294 8.11 Climate and Vegetation of the Canary Islands. 296 8.12 Afghanistan at the Eastern Edge of the Winter Rain Zone. 302 8.12.1 Irano-Turanian Floral Elements. 303 8.12.2 Sino-Japanese Floral
Elements. 304 8.12.3 Saharo-Sindian and Other Floral Elements inAfghanistan. . . . 304 8.12.4 Floristic Elements of the Afghan High Mountains. 309 8.13 Man in the Mediterranean. 313 References. 319 9 Part H: ZB V—Zonobiome of the Laurel Forests or of the Warm Temperate Humid Climate. 9.1 General, Climate, Soils. 9.2 Tertiary Forests, Lauriphylly and Sclerophylly. 9.3 Subzonobiome on the Western Sides of the Continents. 9.3.1 North America, Forests with Giant Conifers. 9.3.2 Valdivian Rainforest in Southern Chile. 9.3.3 Western Australia. 9.3.4 Western Europe. 9.3.5 The Colchis and Hyrcania. 9.4 Humid Subzonobiome on the Eastern Sides of the Continents. 9.4.1 East Asia, China,
Japan. 9.4.2 Southeastern North America. 9.4.3 Araucaria Forests of Southeast Brazil. 9.4.4 South Africa. 9.4.5 Biomes of Eucalyptus-Nothofagus forests in South-eastern Australia and Tasmania. 339 9.4.6 Warm Temperate Biomes of New Zealand. References. 10 Part I: ZB VI—Zonobiome of Winter Bare Deciduous Forests or Temperate Nemoral Climate. 347 10.1 Leaf Shedding as an Adaptation to the Winter Cold. 10.2 Importance of Winter Cold for Species of the Nemoral Zone. 10.3 Distribution of the Zonobiome VI. 10.4 Atlantic Heaths. 10.5 The Deciduous Forest as an Ecosystem. 10.5.1 General. 10.5.2 The Beech Forest in the Soiling asan Ecosystem. 10.5.3
Ecophysiology of the Tree Layer. 10.5.4 Ecophysiology of the Herb Layer (Synusiae). 10.5.5 Water Balance. 10.5.6 The Long Cycle (Consumers). 321 326 328 329 329 331 331 333 333 335 335 337 337 338 340 346 351 352 353 353 358 358 364 367 371 374 376
Contents _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10.5.7 Decomposers in Litter and Soil. 10.5.8 Solling Ecosystem. 10.6 Orobiome VI: The Northern Alps and the Alpine Forest and Tree Line. . 10.6.1 The Elevational Belts. 10.6.2 The Forest Belts. 10.6.3 Alpine and Nival Belts. 10.7 Zonoecotone VI/VII: Forest-Steppe. References. 11 12 Part J: ZB VII—Zonobiome of Steppes and Cold Deserts or of Arid Temperate Climate. 11.1 Climate. 11.2 Soils of the Steppe Zone of Eastern Europe. 11.3 Meadow Steppes on Mighty Chernozem and the Feather Grass Steppes . . 11.4 North American Prairie. 11.5 Ecophysiology of Steppe and Prairie Species. 11.6 Asian
Steppes. 11.7 Wildlife of the Steppes. 11.8 Steppes of the Southern Hemisphere. 11.9 Sub-Zonobiome of the Semi-Deserts. 11.9.1 Distribution. 11.9.2 Vegetation in Afghanistan. Calligonum-Stipagrostis Communities of Sandy Deserts (Fig. 8.57: la). Haloxylon Salicornicum Communities in Gravel Deserts (Fig. 8.57: lb). Other Shrubby and Semi-Shrubby Chenopodiaceous Deserts and Semi-Deserts (Fig. 8.57: 1c). Ephemeral Semi-Desert on Loess Soils (Fig. 8.57: Id). Shrubby Amygdalus Semi-Desert (Fig. 8.57: le). 11.10 Subzonobiome of the Central Asian Deserts. 11.11 The Karakum Sand Desert. 11.12 The Áralkum Desert. 11.13 Orobiome ѴП (гШ) in Middle
Asia. 11.13.1 Tien Shan. 11.13.2 The High Mountains of Afghanistan. Alpine Semi-Deserts, Steppes and Meadows (Fig. 8.59: 7b). . . Nival Belt (Fig. 8.59:8). Ecophysiological Data from Afghan Mountains. 11.14 Subzonobiome of the Central Asian Deserts. 11.15 Subzonobiome of the Cold High Plateau Deserts of Tibet and Pamir (sZB ѴП, tlX). 433 11.16 Man in the Steppe and Cold Desert. 11.17 Zonoecotone ѴІ/ѴШ: Boreo-Nemoral Zone. References. Part K: ZB VIII—Zonobiome of the Taiga or of the Cold Temperate Boreal Climate. 12.1 Climate and Soils. 12.2 The Coniferous Species of the Boreal Zone. 12.3 The Oceanic Birch Forests in ZB ѴІП. 12.4 The
European Boreal Forest Zone. 12.5 On the Ecology of the Coniferous Forest. 378 380 381 381 382 385 389 394 395 399 399 402 404 408 410 410 411 413 413 417 417 418 418 418 418 419 423 425 427 427 428 430 430 431 432 436 436 441 443 448 448 450 452 452
XX The Siberian Taiga. Extreme Continental Larch Forests of Eastern Siberia with Thermokarst Phenomena. 12.8 Orobiome VIII: Mountain Tundra. 12.9 Mire Types of the Boreal Zone (Peinohelobiome). 12.9.1 Ecology of Raised Bogs. 12.9.2 The West Siberian Lowlands, the Largest Marshland on Earth. 12.10 Man in the Taiga. 12.11 Zonoecotone ѴШ/ІХ (Forest Tundra) and the Polar Forest and Tree Line. References. 470 476 13 Part L: ZB IX—Zonobiom of the Tundra, the Arctic Climate. 13.1 Climate and Soils. 13.2 The Vegetation of the Tundra. 13.3 Ecophysiological
Investigations. 13.4 Wildlife of the Arctic Tundra. 13.5 Man in the Tundra. 13.6 ArcticCold Desert and the Solifluction. 13.7 Antarctica and Subantarctic Islands. References. 477 481 482 482 483 484 485 486 492 14 Part Μ: Summary, Conclusions. 14.1 Phytomass and Primary Production of the Individual Vegetation Zones and the Entire Biosphere. 14.2 Conclusions from an Ecological Point of View. 14.3 The Population Explosion. 14.4 The Overtechnification. 14.5 Sustainable Land Use. 14.6 Confessions.
References. 493 497 499 500 501 504 507 512 Taxonomic Index. 513 Subject Index. 527 12.6 12.7 456 457 461 461 465 467 469 |
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| author | Breckle, Siegmar-Walter 1938- Rafiqpoor, M. Daud 1949- |
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| author_facet | Breckle, Siegmar-Walter 1938- Rafiqpoor, M. Daud 1949- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Breckle, Siegmar-Walter 1938- |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1352883345 (DE-599)DNB123664350X |
| discipline | Geowissenschaften Physik Biologie Geographie |
| discipline_str_mv | Geowissenschaften Physik Biologie Geographie |
| format | Book |
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| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:12:27Z |
| indexdate | 2024-12-09T13:06:24Z |
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| institution_GND | (DE-588)1065168780 |
| isbn | 9783662640357 |
| language | English German |
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| physical | xxiv, 557 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (farbig) |
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| spelling | Breckle, Siegmar-Walter 1938- Verfasser (DE-588)122342372 aut Vegetation und Klima Vegetation and climate Siegmar-W. Breckle, M. Daud Rafiqpoor Berlin, Germany Springer [2022] © 2022 xxiv, 557 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten (farbig) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 gnd rswk-swf Vegetation (DE-588)4187458-4 gnd rswk-swf Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd rswk-swf Vegetation Climate Climate Zones Ecology GIZ Zonobiomes (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 s Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 s Vegetation (DE-588)4187458-4 s DE-604 Rafiqpoor, M. Daud 1949- Verfasser (DE-588)114543992 aut Springer-Verlag GmbH (DE-588)1065168780 pbl Übersetzung von Vegetation und Klima (DE-604)BV046117005 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-662-64036-4 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032882318&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Breckle, Siegmar-Walter 1938- Rafiqpoor, M. Daud 1949- Vegetation and climate Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 gnd Vegetation (DE-588)4187458-4 gnd Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)4045561-0 (DE-588)4187458-4 (DE-588)4031170-3 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Vegetation and climate |
| title_alt | Vegetation und Klima |
| title_auth | Vegetation and climate |
| title_exact_search | Vegetation and climate |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Vegetation and climate |
| title_full | Vegetation and climate Siegmar-W. Breckle, M. Daud Rafiqpoor |
| title_fullStr | Vegetation and climate Siegmar-W. Breckle, M. Daud Rafiqpoor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vegetation and climate Siegmar-W. Breckle, M. Daud Rafiqpoor |
| title_short | Vegetation and climate |
| title_sort | vegetation and climate |
| topic | Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 gnd Vegetation (DE-588)4187458-4 gnd Klima (DE-588)4031170-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ökosystem Pflanzengeografie Vegetation Klima Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032882318&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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