Through an ethnic prism: Germans, Czechs and the creation of Czechoslovakia
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Contents Introduction Competing Politicizations of Ethnicity in Austria-Hungary and Czechoslovakia, 1848-1936 — 1 Map of Czechoslovakia — 6 Chapter 1 Austrian Prelude----- 7 Chapter 2 Deliverance----- 28 Chapter 3 German Rejection — 41 Chapter 4 Making the New Rules: Language and Autonomy — 56 Chapter 5 Reaffirmation of the National State — 96 Chapter 6 The Heyday of the Pětka and the Petka's Demise —132 Chapter 7 German Activism —158 Chapter 8 The End of the Affair----- 189 Epilogue Roads Not Taken — 208 References — 210 Index----- 215
References Books and Journal Articles Alexander, Manfred. Deutsche Gesandtschaftsberichte aus Prag (München: Oldenbourg, 1983). Bachstein, Martin. "Die soziologische Struktur der ‘Burg”’, in Bosi, Karl et al., eds, Die “Burg": Einflußreiche Kräfte um Masaryk und Beneš (München; Wien: Oldenbourg, 1973-1974). Bachstein, Martin. "Die Sozialdemokratie in den böhmischen Ländern bis zum Jahre 1938”, in Bosi, Karl, ed., Die erste Tschechoslowakische Republik als multinationaler Parteienstaat (Bad Wiessee: Collegium Carolinum, 1979). Becher, Peter. “Kulturpolitische Konfliktherde in der ersten Republik: Der Streit in des Prager Staattheater und die Prager Tonfilmaffäre 1930”, in Hoensch, Jörg K. and Dušan Kováč, eds. Das Scheitern der Verständigung: Tschechen, Deutschen und Slowaken in der Ersten Republik (1918-1938) (Essen, Klartext 1994), pp. 122-127. Beneš, Edvard. Der Aufstand der Nationen: Der Weltkrieg und die tschechoslowakische Revolution (Berlin: Cassirer, 1928). Beneš, Edvard. A nemzetek forradalma (Bratislava: Pozsony, 1936). Bílek, Jan, ed. Korespondence T. G. Masaryk-Karel Kramář (Praha: Masarykův Ústav AV CR, 2005). Broklová, Eva. První československá ústava: Diskuse v ústavním výboru v lednu a únoru 1920 (Praha : Ústav pro soudobé dějiny CAV, 1992). Brügel, Johann Wolfgang, Tschechen und Deutsche, 1918-1938 (Munich: Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, 1967). Campbell, F. Gregorz. “Die Tschechische Volkspartei und die Deutschen Christlichsozialen”, in Bosi, Karl, ed., Die erste Tschechoslowakische Republik als multinationaler Parteienstaat (Bad Wiessee: Collegium
Carolinum, 1979). César, Jaroslav, and Bohumil Černý. Politika německých buržoazních stran v letech 1918-1938 (Naki: Československé akademie věd, 1962). Cornwall, Mark. ‘“National Reparation’?: The Czech Land Reform and the Sudeten Germans, 1918-38”. The Slavonic and the East European Review 75-2 (April 1997): 259-280. “Czechs Recognized by U.S.” 1919. New York Times Current History. https://books.google. com/books?id=iiRPAQAAMAAJ pg=PA86 lpg=PA86 dq=ln+consideration+of+their+ef forts+to+achieve+independence,+Great+Britain+regards+the+Czecho-Slovaks+as+an+Al (ied+nation source=bl8iOts=tYxOM8U4tq sig=ACfU3UOKdLNEEsRdBKG3Hbd4TaWdW sOOlA hl=en8isa=X ved=2ahUKEwiyp9uO_8nwAhX2MVkFHWpeAFYQ6AEwAnoECAU QAw#v=onepage8iq=ln%20consideration%20of%20their%20efforts%20to%20achieve% 20independence%2C%20Great%20Britain%20regards%20the%20Czecho-Slovaks%20as %20an%20Allied%20nation f=false (accessed May 14, 2021). Doležel, Heidrun and‘Stefan. Deutsche Gesandtschafts Berichte aus Prag (München: n.p., 1991). Dvoršak, Jan, and Rudolf Stránský. “Idea československého státu a naši hraničáři”, in Kapras, Jan, et al., eds. Idea československého státu (Praha: Vydala Národní rada československá, 1936). https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110749885-013
Books and Journal Articles — 211 Gayan, Koloman. “T. G. Masaryk a česko-německé vztahy v letech 1918-1918”, in T. G. Masaryk a Vztahy Čechů a Němců 1882-1937 (Praze: Masarykova společnost, 1997). Hoensch, Jörg. “Der Kameradschatbund, Konrad Henlein und die Anfänge der sudedtedndeutschen Heimatfront”, in Mühle, Eduard and Hans Lemberg, eds, Mentalitäten-Nationen-Spannungsfelder: Studien zu Mittel-und Osteuropa in 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (Marburg: Verlag Herder-Institut, 2001). Hofbauer, Jozef and Emil Strauss. Josef Seliger: Ein Lebensbild (Prag II: Rekázanka 18 Verlag des Parteivorstandes d. Deutschen Sozialdemokrat. Arbeiterpartei in d. Tschechoslowak. Republik, 1930). Jaksch, Wenzel. Europas Weg nach Potsdam (Stuttgart, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1958). Jaworski, Rudolf. Na straží němectví nebo v postavení menšiny. Sudetoněmecký národnostní boj ve vztazích výmarské republiky v ČSR ([Praha]: Pražská edice, 2004). Jászi, Oskar. “Some recent publications concerning the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy.” Journal of Modern History 2-1 (1930): 96-110; doi.org/10.1086/235558. Jesser, Franz. “Deutsche in Böhmen und Deutschböhmen”, reprinted in Deutsche Landpost 7 July, 1936. Kaindi, Raimund Friedrich. Der Völkerkampf und Sprachenstreit in Böhmen im Spiegel der zeitgnössischen Quellen . (Wein: W. Braumüller, 1927). Kazbunda, Karel. Otázka česko-německá v předvečer velké války (Praha: Karolinium, 1995). Kann, Robert A. A History of the Habsburg Empire, 1526-1918 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980). Kann, Robert A. The Multinational Empire: Nationalism and National
Reform in the Habsburg Monarchy 1848-1918, vol. II, Empire Reform (New York: Columbia University Press, 1950). Klepetař, Harry. Der Sprachenkampf in den Sudetenländern (Prag: Strache, 1930). Klepetař, Harry. Seit 1918.Eine Geschichte der Tschechoslowakischen Republik (Μ.-Ostrau: Verlag Julius Kittls nachfolger, 1938). Klimek, Antonin. Velké dějiny zemi Koruny české, 1918-1929JPraha: Paseka, 2000). Klimek, Antonín. Boj o Hrad (Praha: Panevropa, 1998). Kracik, Jörg. Die Politik des deutschen Aktivismus in der Tschechoslowakei, 1920-1938 (Frankfurt am Main; New York: P. Lang, 1999). Kral, Vaclav, ed. Die Deutschen in der Tschoslovakei 1933-1947, Dokumentensammlung по. 88 (Prague: n.p., 1964). Křen, Jan. “1867-1871: Deutschland, die Deutsche and der Österreichische Augleiche”, in Brandes, Detlef et al., eds, Wendepunkte in den Beziehungen zwischen Deutschen, Tschechen und Slowaken, 1848-1849 (Essen: Klartext, 2007). Kučera, Jaroslav. Minderheit im Nationalstaat; Die Sprachenfrage in den Tschechischen- Deutschen Beziehungen, 1918-1938 (München: Oldenbourg, 2009). Lemberg, Hans. “Das Erbe des Liberalismus in der ČSR und die Nationaldemokratische Partei”, in Bosi, Karl, ed., Die erste Tschechoslowakische Republik als multinationaler Parteienstaat (Bad Wiessee: Collegium Carolinum, 1979). Linz, Norbert. Der Bund der Landwirte in der Ersten Tschechoslowakischen Republik (Munich: Oldenbourg, 1982). Lipscher, Ladislav. Verfassund und Politische Veraltung in der Tschechooslovakei, 1918-1939 (München: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1979).
212 — References Lipscher, Ladislav. К vývinu politickrj správy naa Slovensku v rokoch, 1918-1938 (Bratislava: Vydavatelstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1966). Luža, Radomír. The Transfer of the Sudeten Germans (New York: New York University Press, 1964). Masaryk, T.G., Světová revoluce za války a ve válce, 1914-1918 (Praha: Cin, 1938). Masaryk, T.G. Cesta Demokracie (Praha: Cín, 1933). Miller, Daniel E. Forging Political Compromise; Antonín Švehla and the Czechoslovak Republican Party 1918-1933 (Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2009). Mokrý, Adolf. “Velká povinnost”, Demokracie a Socialismus [London newspaper] issue 35, March 4-5, 1957. Mommsen, Hans. “1897: Die Badeni Krise als Wendepunkte in den deutschen-tschechischen Beziehungen”, in Brandes, Detlef, et al., eds, Wendepunkte in den Beziehungen zwischen Deutschen, Tschechen und Slowaken, 1848-1849 (Essen: Klartext, 2007). Neřásek, František et al., eds. Dokumenty o protilidové a prot/národní politice T. G. Masaryka (Prague: Orbis, 1953). Nedorost, Libor. Češi v 1. světové válce (Praha: Nakl. Libri, 2007). Nicolson, Harold. Peacemaking 1919 (London: Constable). Nittner, Ernst. Dokumente zur sudetendeutsche Frage, 1916-1967. (München: AckermannGemeinde, 1967). Orzoff, Andrea. Battle for the Castle: The Myth of Czechoslovakia in Europe, 1914-1948 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009). Palacký, František. Spisy drobné (Praha: Buršík a Kohout, 1898). Palacký, František. “Idea státu rakouského”, Národ, 9 Apr-16 May, 1865. Online at: https:// books.openedition.org/ceup/1957?(ang=en (accessed May 13, 2021). Pekař,
Josef. Omyly a nebezpečí pozemkové reformy (Praha: “Vesmír”, nakladatelská a vydavatelská společnost s r.o., 1923). Perman, D. The Shaping of the Czechoslovak State (Leiden: Brill). Peroutka. Ferdinand. Budování státu (Praha: Lidové noviny, 1991). Pichlík, Karel, Bohumír Klipa, Jitka Zabloudilová. Českoslovenští legionáři, 1914-1920 (Praha: Mladá fronta, 1996). Polák, Erik. “K otázce rozpadu všenárodní koalice a nastolení vlády mezinárodní koalice v letech 1925-1926”. Československý časopis historický 9(1961): 17-41. Rádi, Emanuel, and Ladislav Hejdánek. Válka Čechů s Němci (Praha: Melantrich, 1993). Rákosník, Jakub. Odvrácená tvář meziválečné prosperity: Nezaměstnanost v Československu v letech 1918-1938 (Praha: Karolinum, 2008). Redlich, Joseph. Österreichische Regierung und Verwaltung im Weltkriege (Wein: Hölder- Pichler-Tempsky, 1925). Schelle, Karel. Vývoj české veřejné správy (Ostrava: Key Publishing, 2008). Schelle, Karel. “Organizace státní zprávy podle zákony o župních a okresních úřadech”. Slovenská archivistka 20-2(1985): 93-113. Schütz, Hans. “Gedanke eines Aktivisten zur Frage der Chancen und Grenzen des Aktivismus”, in Bosi, Karl, ed., Aktuelle Forschungsprobleme um die erste Tschechoslowakische Republik, (München; Wien: Oldenbourg, 1969). Seliger, Josef. Warum Kämpfen Wir für das Selbstbestimmungsrecht Unseres Volkes (Teplitz- Schonau : Verlag der Druck und Verlagsanstalt, [1930s]).
Archival Material — 213 Sidor, Karol. Slovenská politika na pôde pražského snemu (1918-1938) (Bratislava: Ná kladom kníhtlačiarne ”Andreja”, 1943). Solle, Zdeněk, ed. Masaryk a Beneš ve svých dopisech z doby pařížských mírových jednání v roce 1919 (Praha: Archiv AVČR. Rok vydání, 1993) Štefánek, Josef, ed., Dokumenty o protinárodní politice T. G. Masayka (Praha: Orbis, 1953). Textor, Lucy. Land Reform in Czechoslovakia (London, Allen and Unwin, 1923). Tobolka, Zdeněk. Politické dějiny československého národa od r. 1848 do dnešní doby (Praha: Československý Kompas, 1932). Voženílek, Jan. Předběžné výsledky pozemkové reformy: Země česká a moravskoslezská (Praha : Selbstverl., 1930). Whiteside, Andrew Gladding. Austrian National Socialism Before 1918 (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1962). Wilson, Woodrow. “Fourteen Points Speech”, Address to Congress, January 8,1918. https:// www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false doc=628ipage=transcript (accessed May 14,2021). j Zessner, Klaus, josef Seliger und die nationale Frage in Böhmen: Eine Untersuchung über die nationale Politik der deutschböhmischen Sozialdemokratie, 1899-1920 (Stuttgart: Seliger-Archiv, 1976). Zimmermann, Marco, “Die Wahlkampagne der Sudetendeutschen Partei 1935”. Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20 6-1(2014): 94-126. Archival Material AKPR (Archive of the Office of the President; Czech Republic], D8500/37/H/IV; T 12/25, část II, IV, V. AMZV ČR [Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Czech Republic], State Papers of Vlastimil Tusar. APS, Р-ČR [Archive of the Chamber of Deputies in
Parliament; Czech Republic]-AFS, RNS, 120, 123, 153a, 153b, 154, 158,159,160. AÛTGM.f.TGM [State Archive of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk], Korespondence II. Digitální parlamentní knihovna [Common Czech-Slovak Digital Parliamentary Library] June 1st, 1920. https://www.psp.cz/sqw/hp.sqw?k=82 (Accessed June 16, 2021). NA, MZV-VA I [Czech Republic National Archives, Ministry of Foreign Affairs] newspaper clipping archive]. NA, MYV-VA [Czech National Republic Archives, Ministry of Agricultural Affairs], papers of Franz Spina. NA, PMR [Czech Republic National Archives, Presidency of the Council of Ministers] К 5, 6; Presidium zemského úřadu v Praze (PZUP) report nos. 3, 4,11, 12, 13. NA (SUA), MV (Czech Republic National Archives, Ministry of the Interior], Vnitropolitické věci MU (BA), EB 5. Presidium zemské správy politické v Praze (Presidium of the Provincial Political Administration in Prague-PZSPP) report nos. 5, 8, 9,10,14, 15,16, 22, 33 VÚP [Research Institute of Pedagogy in Prague] PS-ll-24, 25.
214 — References Newspapers Berlinertagblatt und Handelszeitung, September 12,1919. Bohemia, January 25, 1920. Die Zeit, July 31, 1919. Demokracie a Socialismus [London] 35, March 4-5,1957. Deutsche Landpost, July 7, 1936. Národ, Apr 9-Мау 16,1865. Národní demokracie, November 16,1921; April 1,1922. Národní listy. June 7,1924; November 16,1926. Národní politika, October 19, 1926. Prager Tagblatt, May 13, November 26,1921. Prager Abendblatt, October 8,1921. Pražský večerník December 12,1921. Ráno, October 9,1919. Reichenberger Zeitung, June 25, 1921. 1 Tribuna, September 29th, 1921 (part I), September 30։h, 1921 (part II).
Index 1848, Revolution of abolition of land diets absolutism 10 7-10, 44 -Allied nation 80 accommodation 128 f., 170, 205 - accommodation between Czechs and Ger mans 56 activism 125 f., 136,139,148,153,167, 170-173, 175, 204, 207 - activism obstructionism 172 activist(s) 126,128,135,137, 139 f., 141, 147 f., 151-153, 155 f., 160, 163, 172, 175, 188, 202, 204-207. - activist camp 173 - activist collaboration 194 - activist national demands 192 - activist parties 126,153, 155, 164, 167, 171, 173,192, 204 - activist policies 171 - activist vote 167 Adlegebirge/Orlické Mountains 22 administrative autonomy 86,104,132 - administrative districts 14, 103 - administrative law 63 - administrative reform 23, 82,134, 159, 163-165,167, 171 Agrarian 114 - Agrarian Domoviny for Independence 129 - Agrarian Party 41 - Agrarians 19, 127,130, 154 agrarian 19 agricultural laborers 183 agricultural tariffs 144 f., 149 f., 152-155, 173 Albania 29 all national coalition 96,106,120,121, 126, 129, 133, 136, 141 f„ 144, 148 f., 154-156, 181 f. all national government 155 all-national system 135 Alliance of German (Free) Unions Allied 29 f., 47, 49 - Allied diplomacy 30 118 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110749885-014 30 - Allied powers 34, 49 - allied troops 28 Allies 26, 28 f., 49, 53, 57 Alumni Unions of the German National Aca demic Association 25 Andrassy, Gyula 14, 36 Andrassy, Julius 31 annexation to Germany 191 anti-Czech 47 - anti-Czech nationalism 99 anti-German rioting in Prague 190 - anti-German sentiment 59 Archduchess Marie Valerie 14 Archduke Friedrich 35 Armistice (WWI) 49 - armistice
27, 31, 34 f., 45, 56 assassination 135 f. Auerhan, Dr. 176, 177 Aussig-Teplitz and Buschtehrad railway 138 Aussig/Ústí nad Labem 22 f, 49,116 Austria 8-12, 14 f., 26, 28, 32 f., 41 f., 45-49, 55, 74, 77, 98, 100, 102, 111, 158,169, 174 -Austrian Admiralty 35 -Austrian army 35 -Austrian Army High Command 33 - Austrian command in Prague 39 - Austrian constitution 8,10 -Austrian Constitution 25 - Austrian Constitution of 1867 93 -Austrian constitutional law 46 -Austrian -Austrian - Austrian -Austrian -Austrian -Austrian - Austrian -Austrian -Austrian - Austrian Empire 8 federalism 11 Germans 45 f. labor movement 99 monarchy 7,9-11,82,123 national assembly 42 National Assembly 45 navy 34 parliament 54 Reichsrjt 12, 20
216 — Index - Austrian Slavs 32 Beust, Friedrich Ferdinand bicameral legislature 94 bilingualism 21 -Austrian Social Democratic Party 18 - Austrian Social Democrats 19 Austria-Hungary 20, 26, 28-30, 50 - Austrian and Hungarian military units - Austro-Hungarian 35 - Austro-Hungarian army 32 - Austro-Hungarian command 31,39 - Austro-Hungarian -Austro-Hungarian - Austro-Hungarian - Austro-Hungarian -Austro-Hungarian 39 Compromise of 1867 Empire 11 empire 31 government 32 marine 35 -Austro-Hungarian military authority -Austro-Hungarian monarchy 28f. - Austro-Hungarian Prague Command - Austro-Hungarian troops 29, 38 Austro-Prussian War of 1866 11 authoritarian 199 11 42 39 - authoritarian state 198 autocracy 28 autonomy 13,15,18, 24, 26, 31, 48, 57, 70, 80-82, 133,137,139, 159, 163f., 167,177, 191 ֊ autonomous administration 80 - autonomous districts 23 ֊ autonomous elements subordinated 85 - autonomous province 24f. - autonomous regions 81 - autonomous rights 82 Avion Cinema 189 Baden 88 Badeni, Kasimir 17-19 Badenu 33 f. Battle of the White Mountain Bavaria 88 186, 205 Baxa, Dr. Karel 108,113,186,190 BdL (German Farmers Union) 194, 202 Bechyně, Rudolf 44, 110,114,130, 149, 151 Belgium 81,146 Beneš, Dr. Edvard 28, 30, 33, 49, 56, 77f., 117-120, 122f„ 127, 129f., 138, 140, 176, 177, 181,190, 203, 206 - Beneš government 106,121,126,134 Berlin 44 f., 53, 60, 90, 103, 109, 115, 130, 146, 150, 156, 161 f., 204 14 Bismarck, Otto von 45,157, 205 Bodenbach/Podmokly 49 Boháč, Dr. Antonin 176 Bohemia 7-9,12 f., 15-18, 20-24, 38, 42 f„ 46, 48-50, 54, 65, 73, 80 f., 86-88, 99, 146,
158,164,168,171, 175, 183-185, 187, 205 f. - Bohemia, Czech 16, 26, 38 - Bohemia, German 7,16, 21-26, 38, 42f., 45f., 49f., 52-55, 61, 82, 93,156 - Bohemian crown 13 - Bohemian diet 13,16 - Bohemian German question 65 - Bohemian Germans 55 - Bohemian kingdom 10 - Bohemian unity 82 Bohemia (newspaper) 108,125 f., 172 Böhmerwald/Šumava 22,48 Bolshevism 33,105 - Bolshevization 35 Bouček, Václav 87, 90 bourgeois class(es) 51,102 bourgeois nationalist 43 bourgeois parties 90,118,137, 155, 193, 196 - bourgeois activist parties 193 Brabec, Dr. Jaroslav 76, 86, 90, 92 Bradáč, Bohumír 127,162 Brand, Dr. Walter 196, 200 f. Bratislava 68,168,180 Brenner, Otto 49 British Foreign Office 30 Brno 89, 171, 183,195 brown coal district 48 brown-shirted fascism 206 - brown uniforms 191 Brücknner-Breslau, Gauleiter 191 Brunar, Dr. Heinrich 172-174,191 Brüx/Most 48 Budapest 70 - Budapest parliament Budějovice 88 f. Bulgaria 47 31
Index 197 112 calisthenics Čapek, Karel coal districts 102 - capitalist class 52 colonists and immigrants 34 capitulation of the monarchy 32 f., 36 105,110,121, 138 f., 118,122,138, compromise 177 190 - 1871 Compromise 176-178 central authority 183 f. 173 106f., 110,113f., 152, 150,152f., 155 136 conspiracy Chancellery 91,164 75, 90, 93 f., 97, 100,102, 138 - Constitutional Committee - constitutional government - constitutional law(s) 26, 34 chauvinism 60,135, 192 f. - chauvinist 26, 44,150 controlled economy 89 Cisleithania - Cisleithanian 157 111, 130 17 - Cisleithanian Austria crown lands 11,15, 26 12 12 Clam-Martinic, Jindřich class coalition 102 clerical parties 152 13 193,199 18 f. currency 144 civil service retrenchment 36 83 cultural autonomy curia 36, 37 31-34 Croatian(s) - Croats 13, 26, 32 Croatian National Committee 9, 12, 17f. - Cisleithanian Constitution civil liberties 198 - corporatist state 199 Coudenhove, Maximilian von Christian Social People’s Party 10 12, 46, 61, 73, 78 124 corporatist principles 74,107f. - Christian Socials 66, 74, 76, 80, 83, 90, 92, 132 205 Charles I, Emperor 7-14, 56, 59-62, 65-67, -constitution 189 f. 114,118,127 f. Charlemagne 64, 80, 93f., 96,100, 111, 118, 152, 179 124 Chamber of Deputies Chotěboř congrua 82 f., 86, 89,166 České Slovo (newspaper) Cheb 106,141, 172 conciliation Constitution -Česká Lípa/Bömische Leipä 12 111, 153, 156, 158-160, 170, concession(s) 28, 47, 137, 157 centrist administration 94 Černý, Jan 106 f., 110, 116, 129,151,165 - Černý government 14 - Compromise of 1867 84 Central Educational Foundation 160
Česká Lípa 105 4, 10, 12-14, 32, 60, 77, 91, 111, 132, 145, 149, 154, 158,160,163, 70 Central Europe 109 - Communist Third International 104 70, 127, 178, 187 Census 103, 105,109, 114, 125, 128, 136, 142, 144,146, 148, 153, 170 - Communist Party 140,145, 148,167, 178 115 104 121 - Communist(s) Castle (political institution) - Catholics 154 common proletarian front Communism 144, 149, 151 f., 155 f. Čas (newspaper) 116,120 - Catholicism commercial treaties Committee of the Land Administration caretaker government Catholic 48, 205 126, 128, 130 Combat Group 110,114,130 Castle Hluboš 97 98,101f., 139 collaboration capitulation of the military Capri 189 coalition politics - capitalism 217 23 -coalmining 123 capital — Czech 134 f. 9,11, 15, 17, 20 f., 36, 71, 74, 112, 170, 177 f., 181, 189 Czech, Dr. Ludwig 134 f., 165, 206
218 — Index Czech Agrarian Party 19, 58,129,141,144, 163, 180,187, 192, 202 18 57, 74 f., 85, 96, 99, ֊ Czech Agrarian(s) - Czech-German compromise in Moravia - Czech-German conciliation 58 105f., 110, 113, 124, 127, 129f., 132f., - Czech-German mediation treaty 137, 144 f., 148-150, 152, 154-156, 159, - Czech-German parliamentary government 162, 170, 178-182, 192-194, 201, 203 f. 156 - Czech-German politics 169 Czech and German civic parties 186 Czech and German nobility Czech and Moravian bourgeoisie Czech and Slovak 67f. 58 - Czech and Slovak language - Czech and Slovak soldiers 66-69 40 Czech bourgeois parties Czech bourgeoisie 105 51f. Czech character 113 Czech chauvinists 7-10,16 f., 19, 36 f., 39-44, 47, 54, 57, 64, 71, 78, 81f„ 84, 88, 108, 112, 130, 132 f., 159, 165, 175,183, 186 f. 63-69,71-74,77,160 Czech legionnaires 16, 26, 38 167 23 Czech language 37 Czech Bohemia 146 119,146 Czech landmass Czech lands - Czech and Slovak dominance Czech authorities Czech Germans Czech government parties 52 147 49,107 Czech majority 42, 84, 88 f„ 162 Czech military 107 f. - Czech militia 54 48, 64, 82f., 87, 89, Czech minority(ies) 107, 115, 183 f., 205 80, 82 Czech Christian Social Party 19,178 - Czech Christian Social Peoples Party Czech moderates Czech nation 138 24, 35, 51, 62, 67, 69, 78, 85, 93, 183, 186, 205 f. 150,163 - Czech Christian Socials 58, 72, 83, 85, Czech national bourgeoisie 60 96,105 f., Ill, 129, 132, 139, 149, 156, Czech national character 159, 178-180 Czech National Democracy (Party) Czech Club - Czech National Democracy Parliamentary 16 Czech coalition
131,136 Czech colonists 138 Czech Compromise Czech crown 89,119, 148 f., 159 f. 103 Czech Clericals 89 Club 132,139, 150, 154 f., 159 f., 164,178, 12 f., 16 184, 205 13 7, 9f., 12 f., 18, 87, - Czech crown lands Czech national identity 79 Czech national interests 122 Czech currency Czech deputies 71 Czech national movement 32 Czech dependency 58, 60, 72, 83, 85, 96,103,106, 108, 111, 123,129, 14 - Czech crown jewels 159 f. - Czech National Democrats 8, 14, 42 Czech National Party of Labor 8 Czech national revival 17 148 94,108 Czech element 88 f. Czech National Socialist Workers Party Czech émigrés 28 - Czech National Socialist Party Czech ethnic identity Czech exile - Czech National Socialists 8 Czech garrison 105, 111, 118, 121,145,180 105 108 Czech-German relations 18, 95, Ulf., - Czech-German accommodation - Czech-German coalition Czech national system 97 Czech national theater 15 Czech nationalism 120 f., 184,189, 204 170 20, 94 12, 42 - Czech nationalist party - Czech nationalists 19 75 134 57, 80,119
Index Czech nationality 73 - Czech nationality policy Czech nobility 187 62 Czech non-Marxist parties 159 Czech occupation 42, 49 f., 53 Czech opinion 122 Czech party(ies) 18 f„ 41, 57, 99,135, 157, 161-163, 166, 173, 187, 193 f., 206 - Czech party clubs 70 Czech Party of Trade 149,159, 178 Czech party system 19 - Czech political parties 41, 59,152 Czech politics 19,174 Czech population 205 Czech Prague 190 Czech press 115 f., 124,141,172 Czech Progressive Party 73, 87, 90 Czech proletariat 104 Czech propaganda 20 Czech public opinion 56 Czech publications 179 Czech region 205 Czech school children 108 Czech settlements 22 Czech Social Democracy 98,109,178 f. - Czech Social Democratic leader 44 - Czech Social Democratic Workers Party 18 - Czech Social Democrats (DSAP) 18, 96 f., 104-106, 109, 118,124, 139,144-146, 148-150, 180 f., 193 Czech Socialists 58,123,129 - Czech socialist parties 57 Czech Society of the Sokol 36 Czech soldiers 29, 39,108 Czech state 43, 55,137 - Czech state collapse 162 Czech state’s rights 16 Czech State’s Rights Progressive Party 57 Czech troops 48 f., 53 f. Czech ultra-nationalists 129 Czech Union 33 Czech University 15 Czech workers 99 Czechization 65, 93, 138, 150 - Czechizing 71 — 219 Czecho-Slovak army(ies) 29 f. - Czecho-Slovak legionnaires 29 Czecho-Slovak Government 30 Czecho-Slovak language 68 f. Czecho-Slovak nation 30 Czecho-Slovak National Council 30f. Czecho-Slovak peoples 30 Czecho-Slovak state 152 Czecho-Slovaks 30 f. Czechoslovak 67 f., 70, 76, 80, 94, 178 Czechoslovak army 39 Czechoslovak Association of Unions 118 Czechoslovak
Christian Social Peoples Party 83,106 Czechoslovak Communist Party 110 Czechoslovak Declaration of Independence 43 Czechoslovak democracy 177 Czechoslovak diplomacy 10 Czechoslovak government 26, 41, 49, 54, 169 Czechoslovak independence 42, 185 Czechoslovak language 64 - 68, 71-74, 76, 80, 93 Czechoslovak Legionnaire Association 116 - Czechoslovak legionnaires 29 Czechoslovak minorities 168 Czechoslovak nation 43, 65, 67, 93,120- 122 Czechoslovak National Committee 36, 38, 41 - Czechoslovak National Committee in Paris 41 Czechoslovak National Council 29 - Czechoslovak National Council in Paris 56 Czechoslovak National Democracy 83, 87, 90, 92 Czechoslovak National Socialist 108 Czechoslovak nationality 177 Czechoslovak officials 73 Czechoslovak Parliament 20 Czechoslovak Peoples’ Party 69 Czechoslovak Progressive States Rights Party 96 Czechoslovak Republic 18, 20, 40f., 47, 54, 64, 78, 107, 142
220 — Index Czechoslovak revolution 55 Czechoslovak Revolutionary Assembly Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party 100 106, 128 - Czechoslovak Social Democracy 96,109 - Czechoslovak Social Democrats 98,103, 110 Czechoslovak society 167 Czechoslovak state 28, 32, 36, 38, 44, 47, 49, 51 f., 54 f., 58 f., 63, 70, 74, 84, 94, 100, 111, 122, 135, 151, 179, 203, 206 Czechoslovak State was declared by a law 36 Czechoslovakia 20, 41, 47, 49, 54, 77, 94, 98, 105, 111, 136, 146 f„ 162,168 f., 188f., 195,199, 206 Czechs 7, 9, 12-23, 26, 29, 32, 40 f., 43, 50, 55, 59, 63, 66, 72, 80, 85, 94, 97, 106, 115, 137, 140, 163 f., 186 DAWG (German Labor and Economics Associ ation) 174, 180-183, 192, 196 Deak, Ferenc 158 Declaration of St. Martin 179 Dědič, Deputy Karel 86, 89 Defense Law 136, 195 f. defense of the city 38 defense of the minorities 136 democracy 20, 28, 51 f., 81, 94,107,198 demonstrations 54,107, 150,169,189192 -demonstrators 115,189 f. Denis, Ernest 28 Depression 188 f. Derer, Dr. Ivan 67-69, 71,133 deteriorating economic conditions 189 Deutsche Landpost (newspaper) 137,156 Deutsche Presse (newspaper) 193 dictatorship of the proletariat 97 disorganized demobilization dissolution of the monarchy DNP (German National Party) 34 30 191,199f. DNSAP (German National Socialist Workers Party) 191 f., 196 f., 199 f. Dola nský, Josef 69 f. Donat, Senator Václav 152 Dresden 45 DSAP (Czech Social Democrats) Dual Monarchy 12 dualism 11-14 - dualist system 26 193 Dux/Duchov 48 - Duchov 87 - Dux 93 Dyk, Viktor 159 Eastern Bohemia 22 f. Easter Demands 25 education 10, 15,17 - educational
establishments Eger/Cheb 48 f. 72 - Egerland/Chebsko 22f. Elba 49 Elbegau/Polabi 22 Emperor 7f., 11-15, 26, 34, 38 England 28 Engliš, Karel 150 Entente 44, 49, 98, 100 f. entry of the Germans into government 206 Epstein, Dr. Leo 113 equal rights 20, 94,112, 133, 172 Erzgebirge/Krušné Mountains 22 Estates Theater 108,123 ethnic ascendancy 76, 79 ethnic cantonization 84 ethnic conflict 40, 71,129,189 ethnic identity 94 ethnic minorities 163 ethnic nationalism 7f., 10 ethnicity 7, 63, 94 export industries 154 extortionist politics 111 Falkenau/Falknov 49 Farmer(s) 57, 66,102,124,137,144,171, 186, 201, 206 Farmers Federation 19 fascism 206 federalism 13 - federalist 10,13 f. Ferdinand II, Emperor field maneuvers 195 finance minister 60 financial reform 149 186f.
Index First Czechoslovak Republic 63, 94 - First Republic 54, 94,104,106, Ulf., 118, 167, 206 foreign nobility 187 Fourteen Points (Wilson’s) 29, 31, 45 France 11, 13 f., 28 f„ 40, 47, 49, 146 Franco-Prussian war 11 Frankfurt 8 Franz Josef, Emperor 8,10f., 13f., 26, 157 f., 169 French front 29 Friedland 49 Gajda, Deputy 190 Galicia 13 Gautsch, Paul 19 Gazik, Marek 159 Gebsattel, Baron Fritz von 44, 55 General Staff in Vienna 34 Geneva 28, 33, 37 f., 56,130 Gentlemen’s Coalition 178,181 German 13, 15, 17, 20, 61, 76, 93, 168, 200 German activism 181 ֊ German activists 128,131,139 German Agrarian Party 124 - German Agrarian(s) 19, 56-59, 84, 96, 99 f., 103,106,112,114 f., 124, 126128, 134, 136, 139, 142, 152, 155 f., 182 - German Agrarian Parliamentary Club 115 German ambassador 103,130,136,146, 150, 162, 190, 204 German and Austro-Hungarian empires 30 f. German annexation 53 German army 14 German Austrla(n) 9,43,52-54 - German Austrian Constitutional Law - German Austrian troops 53 German autonomy 97, 139, 164 46 German Bohemia 7,16, 21-26, 38, 42f., 45 f., 49 f., 52-55, 61, 82, 93, 156 - German Bohemian government 49, 53 - German Bohemian provincial assembly 52-54 German Bohemian Social Democrats 104 German Bohemians 21 f., 24, 53, 60 — 221 German border(land) regions 83,186 German bourgeois parties 62, 98, 125, 137,143 German bourgeoisie 52,135 German Casino 123 German Catholic Conservatives 15 German chauvinist 54 German Christian People’s Party (DCV) 193 - German Christian Social Party 171,195 - German Christian Social(s) 56, 84, 99, 114, 127 f., 134, 139, 142, 144,
147-149, 151, 153, 159, 166 f„ 170, 175,181, 193, 196, 206 - German Christian Social Peoples Party 124, 126, 204, 207 German cities 108 German civil servants 138 German Club in Vienna 25 German collaboration 59 German conservative deputies 16 German cultural autonomy 161,163 German-Czech party 18 German defense force 48 German demands 82, 84 German Democratic Freedom Party 99, 142, 174 - German Democratic Freedom 139 German Democratic Progressive Party 56 German Democrats 115, 134,139,141 f., 144 German Economics Association German economy German element German Embassy 195 188 88 f. 60, 90,115,137, 151,156 German Empire 8,11, 36 German entry into government 58,140- 142, 155f„ 158 f., 161, 169, 172 German Estates Theater 108,112 German farm families 188 - German farmer 188 German Farmers Union (BdL) 114,134, 136 f., 139, 147-149,151,153, 156, 159, 166 f., 169-171, 173, 181-183, 187,194, 196, 201 f., 204, 206 German Freedom Democratic Party 148 German front 87 126,
222 — Index German government 17, 53, 61,152, 203 German government parties 170,172f., 179 German hegemony 8 German House 190 German interests 60 German jobs 151 German tabor and Economics Association (DAWG) 174 f., 183, 192 German land 93 German language 63-66, 73, 75, 77,107 - German language territory 115,137 f. German Liberals) 12,14 f., 16,19 German Liberal Democratic 158 German Liberal majority 12 German Liberal Party 15 German majority(ies) 82 f., 84 German majority parties 183 German mandates 90 German military units 107 German ministers 178 German minority(ies) 9f., 23, 57f., 88, 94, 169,172 German ‘mixed’ border territory 205 German Moravia 82 German nation 21, 26, 90,101,139,157, 171, 204 f. German National Assembly 7 German national associations 198 German National Committee 38,197 German national concerns 104 German national demands 98, 159 German National Democracy 140 German National Party (DNP) 56, 98 f., 123f., 126, 131, 135-137, 147f., 151, 155, 170-174, 191,196 f. - German National Party Parliamentary Club 172 German National Socialism 99,191,198 - German National Socialist (movement) 191 - German National Socialist Party 124, 126, 191, 194-197 - German National Socialist Workers Party (DNSAP) 98 f., 131, 135, 183, 191 - German National Socialists 99,103,123, 142, 144, 147, 151, 153, 196 f„ 203 German National Union 25 German nationa(ist(s) 16, 25, 41, 52, 82 German Nationalist Party 42 - German Nationals 172,196 German negativism 56 German non-Marxist activists 139 German non-Marxist opposition and govern ment parties 173 - German non-Marxist parties
139,173, 196 German officials 73,141-144 German opposition 135 German Parliamentary Union 99 f., 107, 115, 119,123-125,130 f„ 134 German Parliamentary Working Group 156 German participation in government 61, 128 German party(ies) 19, 54, 57, 59, 63,139, 143f., 147f., 160,162,166,169,171174, 180 f., 186, 196, 201, 204 - German parties in government 166,170, 173, 191-193 German Party of Trade 125,139,147f., 151, 153, 159, 174, 192, 196 German people 23, 52,100, 136,140, 206 German Political Labor Office 173 German political party(ies) 98,168,190 German German German German German political unity 175 Political Work Office 201 population 82,183, 205 press 44, 64,115,172 problem 130 German radical 52 German Radical Nationalist Party 25 German German German German German German German recruits 107 regions 93,133 Reich 45 f., 52 Reichstag 191 rejection 56 representation 160 resistance 50, 57 German German German German rights 61, 63, 93 School Union 183 self-government 140 Social Democracy 51, 98,101f., 143,181 - German Social Democrat(s) 19, 52, 54, 56, 58 f„ 62, 84, 96-100,103 f., 106,
Index 114 f., 118, 123 f., 128, 135, 139, 142144,146-149, 155, 164,173, 192 f., 196, 204, 206 - German Social Democratic (Party) 42 f., 51, 98,101, 193 German Socialist Democrats 57 German socialists 139 German soldiers 50 German sound film 189 German southern Moravia 43 German speakers 175 German state employees 64 German supremacy 62 German territory(ies) 23, 42-44, 48, 64, 82, 107, 109, 190 German troops 53 German ultra-nationals 137 German Union 139,151,153 German union (19th century) 11 German unity 42,126, 202 - German unity front 147 German University 100,112, 148,160, 195, 197 German vote 57,192 German Workers Party 99 Germanization 77,187, 204 f. Germans 7, 9f., 12, 14-20, 23-25, 40-43, 47 f., 51, 54, 57-60, 62, 65-67, 72 f., 75-80, 84 f., 89, 94, 97, 101, 106, 111, 113, 115, 119, 134, 137 f., 141, 152, 156, 158 f., 162-164, 175 f., 181, 184, 187, 194 - Germans in Czech lands 56 - Germans of Czechoslovakia 190 Germany 7, 11, 22, 30f., 41, 43, 45-47, 50, 53 f„ 65, 73, 77, 98, 102, 105, lllf., 136, 146 f., 154, 177, 189,191,199, 202, 205 Geyer, Baron von 34 Glombinský faction 32 Gounod, Charles 67 government collaboration 142 Governor’s Office 38 Grand Coalition 183 Great Britain 30, 47, 49,146 great estates 186 Great War 28 —— 223 Greater Germany 107 Greece 47 gymnastic association 37 Habry 89 Habsburg(s) 7, 9, 13, 19, 47, 51, 60,107, 161, 186, 205 - Habsburg monarchy 14, 51 Hacker, Gustav 201 f., 206 Hainfeld Party Conference 18 Hampl, Antonin 181 Hanreich, Georg 171 Hartl, Hans 124f. Hebrew 176 Heeren, Councilor von 156 Henlein, Konrad 196 f., 199-206 Herbst, Dr.
Eduart 158 Hilgenreiner, Karl 171, 207 Hitler 189, 192, 195, 199 - Hitler’s governor in Silesia 191 Hlinka, Father Andrej 70, 93,133,159,177, 179 Hluboš 105,110 Hnídek, František 69, 73, 75f. Hodač, Dr. 35 Hodonín 68 Hodža, Milan 32,132,152, 154f., 159, 161, 163 Hoetzel, Dr. 67 Hohenwart, Siegmund 13 Holub, Admiral 35 Horáček, Professor 127 Hradec 88 f. - Hradec Králové 11 Hradiště 89 Humpolec 89 Hungarian(s) 9f., 11, 94,168 Hungarian county administration 81 Hungarian government 41 Hungarian Nationalist Party 147 Hungarian Parliament 31, 70 - Hungarian parliamentary elections 70 Hungarian troops 31 Hungary 9-15, 17, 26, 31, 33, 41, 47, 68, 77, 79, 94, 154,158 Hussareck, Max von 26
224 — Index ideal society Illyrian 9 198 impediments to open debate imperialistic action 53 86 independence of Czechoslovakia 38 independent judiciary 94 individual rights 94 individualism 198 inequality 63,198 Institute for the Study of the National Minori ties in the Czechoslovak Republic 161 inter-ethnic unrest 126 Iron Ring 15 irredenta 54, 86 - irredentism 89 - irredentist 86,135,140,162 - irredentist party 192 - Irredentists 172 Isonzo 32 Italian(s) 9, 22, 27 - Italian front 31 - Italian government 29 ֊ Italian military 29 - Italian offensive 33 Italy 29, 40, 49, 146, 197 Jaksch, Wenzel 206 Jesser, Franz 20,22-25,42,82 Jewish city hall 108 Jewish firms in Dlouhý Street 189 Jewish nationality 175-177 Jews 175f. Jičín 89 Jihlava 88 Joachim, Section Chief 176 f. Joseph li, Emperor 107 Jung, Deputy 191, 195f. Juriga, Ferdiš 166 Kafka, Dr. Bruno 140-142,148, 182 f., 190 Kallay, J. 130 Kallina, Othmar 199 Kameradschaftbund (KB) 198-200 Kann, Robert 26 Karlovy Vary 82 f., 86, 89,116, 157, 166 Karlovy Vary/Karlsbad 91,164 Karlsbad/Karlovy Vary 49 Károlyi, Mihály 31 Kasper, Deputy 195 Keibl (former head of the German National Party Parliamentary Club) 172 Kestřanek, General 38 Kings of Bohemia 13 Kladno 109 Kmeťko, Karol 70 Knirsch, Deputy 195 Koch, Walter 204,147,152 Koloděje castle 60 Komotau/Chomutov 49 Königreichwalde/Dvûr Králové 23 Könniggrätz 11,158 Körber, Ernst von 20 Korošec, Dr. 32 Koroshets, Msgr. 33 f. Kosina (Czech officiai) 37f. Kotor 35 Kralice 70,88 Kralice Bible 70 Kramář, Dr. Karel 32, 35, 41, 49, 56 f., 62, 72 f., 78 f., 87-93, 111, 132,141, 159 f.,
163-165,185, 205 - Kramář government 58, 96, 106 - Kramář law 166 Krebs, Hans 191f., 194-197,199 Krejčí, Professor Dr. 176 Kremsier 9 f. Křepek, Franz 58,100 f., 104,107,115, 134 f., 151, 156-158,170, 182 Krefta, Kamil 161 Kyjov 89 labor 186,191,193 - labor conflict 99 - labor organizations 118 Lammasch, Heinrich 32, 36, 38 land administration 159 - land assemblies 167,173, 178, 180 - land autonomy 16, 80 - land commission of Bohemia 80 - land diet(s) 10,12,16, 18 f. - land elections 174 f. Land Office 185-188 land redistribution 129,186
Index Land reform 93, 127-129, 134, 138, 141, 184-188 landowner(s) 144,185 - large landowners 13, 129 language 7, 15-18, 21, 74, 81, 144, 175177, 184 f., 189 - language compromise 16 - language concessions 127 - language equality 125,151 - language issue 20, 64, 71, 76, 94,104, 140, 150 - language rights 176 - language terminology 71, 79 Language Law 63-67, 71-74, 76, 80,83, 92 - 94., 129, 138, 150 f., 175 - Language Law of February 29th, 1920 64 - language of administration 61, 64 - Language Ordinance of 1926 167 - language ordinance(s) 17,19 f., 151,163 - language policy 65,103f. - language test(s) 143 - language usage 65, 128,167 Lansing, U.S. Secretary 30f. Lanškroun 88 Lany 181 Law for the Defense of the Republic 136, 138 Law on Regional and District Administration 93 Law on the Establishment of Regional and District Authorities 92 Law Providing for Expropriation 185,187 League of Nations 78,130, 146,169 f. Legionnaire(s) 40, 107f., 116 - legionnaire associations 118 legitimacy 71 Leitmeritz/Litoměřice 42 liberal constitution 63 Liberal Party 131 liberalism 198 Liberec 16, 48, 136,168 Liberec/Reichenberg 97,168 Liberec Trade Fair 168 Lidové listy (newspaper) 180 Lidové noviny (newspaper) 112 Lidový dům 109 linguistic islands 82, 184 Litoměřice —— 225 39 Little Entente 134 Locarno 147 Lodgman von Auen, Rudolf 42f., 45-47, 49, 52 f„ 62, 93, 98-100,103,115, 119, 123f., 126-128,131, 135-137, 147f., 191 Lombardy 11 London 28, 105 Louny 86,116 loyal minority 152 Luschka, Senator 207 Lux. Adalbert 168 Magyars) 9f., 12, 14 f„ 25 f„ 42, 48, 51, 78, 133,175 - Magyar and Croatian
soldiers 31 - Magyar constitutional theory 12 - Magyar language 75 - Magyar mutiny 33 - Magyar speakers 175 - Magyar yoke 79 majority language 65 Malypetr, Jan 85,138,165, 203 Mandate(s) 96, 128, 146, 148 f„ 159, 171, 174 f„ 201, 204 manifesto of the left March 4th 54 97 Marienbad/Mariánské Lázně 49 market economy 113 Marxism 198 - Marxist 206 Marxist parties 204 Masaryk , Tomáš Garrigue 28f., 41, 44, 47-49, 56, 58-61, 63-66, 72, 75, 81, 83, 85, 90, 93, 96, 99 f., 103-106, 110, 113-115, 117-120, 122-124, 130, 134, 139 f., 149, 151 f., 156 f., 161, 164, 168170, 177 f„ 180-182, 203, 207 mass demonstrations 54 Mayer, Josef 171 Mayr-Harting, Robert 114, 127f., 140, 160, 169, 193, 207 Medvecký, Ľudevít 67-69 Meissner, Dr. Alfred 86, 92,166 middle class 182 f., 192, 206
226 — Index military 17, 26, 28, 31, 34-36, 38, 41, 134, 190, 197, 203 - military collapse 32 - Military Command 33 f., 38 f. - military exercises 195 - military operations 50 ֊ military service - militia 107 63,142, 150 miners 87, 183 Ministry of Schools 71f., 160 Ministry of War 39 minority concerns ֊ minority defense 94 21 - minority jobs 74 - minority languages 63, 65, 76, 150 - minority policy 79,193 - minority problem 161 - minority protection 94 ֊ minority question 169 - minority territories 150 ֊ minority treaty(ies) 100,137,146,169 Mistral, Frédéric 66 mixed national government 141 Mladá Boleslav 89 Modenský Palace 36 monarchy 40 mono-ethnic 110, 131, 149,154 Moravia 7, 9,12,15,17f., 23, 43, 46, 68, 80 f., 83, 87, 90, 99, 112, 146, 164, 171, 183 f. - Moravia-Silesia 164 - Moravian Diet 7 - Moravian Land Committee 202 Moravská Ostrava 89 Moscow 105 Most/Brux 206 - Most 87 f. mother tongue 66,175 f. Mozart’s Don Giovanni 108 multi-ethnic society 63, 94,112, 163,168, 188 multi-ethnic state 94 multi-national coalition 148 mutiny(ies) 31,35 Naegle, Dr, 100 Napoleon III 11 Nårod (newspaper) 11 Národní Demokracie (newspaper) 184 Národní listy (newspaper) 36, 62,108,174 Národní politika (newspaper) 141 national accommodation 103 National Assembly 41, 56, 59, 62, 65, 80, 83, 85, 89 f„ 92 f., 96, 101 f„ 119, 123, 126, 130, 134,144,161 National Associations 176,183 - National Association of Northern Bohemia 185 national autonomy 21, 24, 26, 84,125, 203 national character 111 national chauvinism 156 national coalition 57,102,106 National Committee 7, 36-39, 41, 43 f., 106
National Committee, 1848 7 National Council 30 National Democratic Party 160 - National Democracy 112,116,159 - National Democrats 111, 114,129 f. national freedom 101 national island 87 national key 144 national minorities 81,110,136,150,156, 161 national oppression 101 national problem 194 national self-determination 45-47, 52 national separation 16, 21 national servitude 102 National Socialism 199 - National Socialist Germany 192 - National Socialist Party 194 f. - National Socialists 197 national solidarity 134 , national state 121, 135, 139, 162 f., 185, 205 national treason 103 nationalism 7, 46, 75,192 - nationalises) 62, 72, 75, 102, 124 f., 135, 171,173, 190, 207 - nationalist system 151 - nationalistic 61, 75, 104 - nationalistic activism 173
Index — 227 nationality 9, 29-31, 48, 56f., 59, 68, 75, 77, 80, 85, 129,175 f„ 184, 186, 193 - nationality key 188 - nationality problem 170 - nationality reform 27 - nationality state 51,121 f., 162 f., 185 negativism 126,148 negativisms) 131, 135, 141, 147, 151, 153, 155 Německý Brod 89 Nicolson, Harold 46 Nitra 70 nobility 8f„ 185, 187 non-Czech troop(s) units 39 non-German majority 16 non-Germans 26 non-Marxist 130 non-Marxist parties 54, 114,144,147, 193 - non-Marxist German parties 151 non-violent termination of the war 32 Norden (periodical) 174 Northern (northwest) Bohemia 22 Novák, Ladislav 160 Parliament 26, 99 -102, 106 f„ 109 - 111, 116,119 f., 126, 128, 132,142,146, 151f., 156, 158, 163, 178-180,182, 186, 190, 203, 207 - parliamentary activity 191 - parliamentary coalition 138 - parliamentary democracy 97 - parliamentary elections 59 f., 96, 99, 123, 128, 142,145 f., 151, 167, 170 f„ 178, 180, 192, 204, 206 - parliamentary government 18,110, 114, 117, 139, 155, 159, 187 - parliamentary majority 148 - parliamentary opposition 109,135 - parliamentary parties 139 - parliamentary politics 101,190 Parliamentary Club of the German National Socialists 162 Parliamentary Union 98-101,114,116, 124-126, 147 parliamentary Working Group 139 Party of Independence 31 obstruction 116 - obstructionism 18,166 official language 64-68, 71, 76 f., 93,141, 150 Oid Czechs 8, 16, 19 Olomouc 89, 183 Opava 89,153 Orlické Mountains 43 Osmička 166 Ottoman Empire 47 peace negotiations 28 f., 32, 37, 55 peace treaty 76 peasants 12,14,102 Pekař, Josef 187 Pelhřimov 89 Peoples Party 133
Pergler, Deputy 190 Peroutka, Ferdinand 100,112,155, 160 Peters, Gustav 195 Pětka llOf., 113f., 117-119, 122f., 128132, 134 f., 138, 141,143 f., 146, 149151, 153 f., 156, 162 f., 181 - Pětka government 135,138 - Pětka parties 117, 128, 133,146,162 Piave 32 Pichon, Stephen 30 Piedmont 11 Pilsner/Plseň 23 -Plzeň 39, 88f. pluralistic society 94 Pola 35 Poland 47, 146, 154 - Poles 13, 15, 32, 50 f., 82, 94, 184 Pacher, Raphael 42 Palacký, František 8-11,13 Palais Lucerna 189 pan-German 191 - pan-German nationalism 8 - Pan-Germanic 47 - Pan-Germanism 48, 61, 202 paramilitary 36 f., 194 Paris 28, 49, 78 - Paris Peace Conference 10, 41, 43, 46 f., 49, 54, 56 f., 77, 84, 94,185, 187 - Paris Peace Treaty 76 f., 123,135 party unity 97 Patzel, Joseph 162
228 —— Index - Polish (lands) 9 ֊ Polish independence 29 - Polish national resistance 32 political amnesty 26 political and national rights 101 political autonomy 81,132 political centralization 81 Postelporty 116 powers of the presidency 93 Prager Abendblatt (newspaper) 120 Prager Presse (newspaper) 178 Prager Tagblatt (newspaper) 108,131,176 Prague 13, 15, 21-23, 32, 35-37, 39, 43 f., 53, 59, 71, 88f., 91f., 100, 108, 110, 112 f., 115,123, 133,137,146,148, 157, 160,167f., 182f., 186, 189f„ 195,197, 204, 206 - Prague centralism 104 ֊ Prague City Council 112 - Prague Command 39 - Prague Command of the Austro-Hungarian Army 38 - Prague district court 109 - Prague Germans 7 - Prague National Committee 37 Právo lidu (newspaper) 109,179 Pražák, Alois 13 Preliminary Results of the Land Reform 186 PFemyslid dynasty 13 President of the Republic 99 Pribichevich, Svetozar 34 Příbram 104 principal language 74f. prisoners of war 29 program of socialization 97 Prokop, Ministerial Counselor Dr. 177 proletariat 51,102 proportional representation 75, 94 Protestant(s) 70 provisional constitution 80 Prussia 11,14, 158 radical nationalism 125 - radical nationalist parties 126 - radical nationalists 125 radicalization 190-192,194 Rašín, Dr. Alois 32-36, 44, 60,114,127, 130,135, 186 Rathenau, Walter 136 Rauchberg, Professor 176 Realist Party 28,118 Red-Green Coalition 57, 96,103,105 f., 128 Redlich, Josef 14, 37 regional administration 92 regional autonomy 84, 86 regional (and administration 81 - regional land administration system 85 83, regional system 85-87, 89, 91f., 96,132134, 159, 164
f., 185 Reich 52, 146, 195 Reichenberg 16,48 - Reichenberg/Liberec 23, 49 Reichenberger Zeitung (newspaper) 168 Reichsrat 9 f., 12,15-17,19, 26, 41-43, 93 Reichstag 10 Reichstat 8 rejectionist parties 193 Republic 39, 46, 68, 71, 74, 76, 101,155 Republican Party of the Czechoslovak Agrari an People and Small Holders 129 Reuter, Fritz 66 Revolution 184 - Revolution of 1848 7-10, 44 Revolutionary National Assembly 41, 47, 56, 58 f., 61-63, 65, 70, 80, 82, 85, 93 f., 96 f., 99, 133, 185, 187 Rieger, František 13 Riepenhasen, Privy Councilor R. von Riesengebirge/Krkonoše 22,49 Ronge, Max 34 f. Rosche, Dr. Alfred 172-174 - Rosche group 174,196 Roudnice 116 Rumania(ns) 9, 26, 47 Rumanian units 39 Rundschau (periodical) 201 rural electoral support 187 - rural vote 106 Rural Youth 206 Russia 29 f. - Russian Revolution 28 f. 53
Index Slovak Agrarian (Party) Rutha, Heinrich 200 Ruthenia 41,164 f., 175 - Ruthenes 94 - Ruthenians 51 SA (Sturmabteilung [Storm Troopers]) Saaz/Žatec 48 - Saazer Land/Žatecko 22 194 f. Säger, Professor 53 Šámal, Přemysl 58, ИЗ, 118,127,138,140, 170,182,193 f. San Nicolo, Mariano 195,197 Saxony 46, 49 Schäffle, Albert 13 Scheiner, Dr. 36, 37 Schieszl, Josef 118,127 School(s) 18, 71, 102,127 f., 134, 138,140, 1 51, 184, 194 - school and childcare 193 - school autonomy 127f. - school policy 103 f. - school question 104 Schubert, Deputy 195 Schiitz, Hans 153 SdP (Sudeten German Party) 203 f., 207 secrecy 110 self determination 29, 43 f., 47, 50 f., 54, 57, 84,100, 121, 137,185 -self-rule 85 f. Seliger, Jozef 42-44, 46, 50 - 52, 54, 62, 97 f., 101,104 f. Senate 96 separation 24 Serbia 29 - Serbs Šestka 26 149, 162 Seton-Watson, R.W. 28 SHF (Sudeten German Homeland Front) 196 f., 201-203 Silesia 7, 9, 43, 46, 64, 80-82, 87, 164, 166,184 Škába, Mr. 176 Slavic 32 - Slavic language 66, 77 - Slavs 11,15, 20 Slovak 65, 69, 94,152,168, 170,178 Slovak (newspaper) 179 — 229 132 Slovak autonomy 71,132 f., 159 - Slovak autonomists 71 Slovak clericals 136 Slovak Club 57, 67-71, 96 Slovak delegation 70 Slovak identity 71 intelligentsia 68 language 63, 66, 68 f., 71 f., 74 nation 133 National and Farmers Party 129 opposition 144 parties 187 Peoples Party 70 f., 132 f., 144, 149, 152 f., 159, 164, 166, 177, 179-181 Slovakia 41, 61, 70f., 81, 130,132-135, 157, 164f., 167f., 175, 182, 185 Slovaks 9f., 26, 32, 51, 63, 66, 69-71, 78, 94, 97, 168,179, 186 Slovenes 22, 26, 32 Slovenský Brod 68
Šmeral, leader of the Czechoslovak Social Slovak Slovak Slovak Slovak Slovak Slovak Slovak Democrats 103 Smetana's Bartered Bride 108 Social Club 167 Social Democracy 98,126 - Social Democrat(s) 19, 50, 52, 57,104, 114, 127 f., 130, 194 - Social Democratic 125 - Social Democratic left 97,109 social insurance 144 f. social revolution 33 socialism 51, 75, 206 Socialist Bloc 153,193 socialist guidelines 135 socialist program 101 Socialists 114, 130, 155 socialization 102,114 Sokol Association 38 - Sokol demonstrations 116 - Sokols 37, 39, 118 Soukup, Dr. 36, 39 Southern (southwestern) Bohemia 43, 45 f. southern front 34 Southern Moravia 45 f. Southern Slavs 15 22 f.,
230 Index Sozial Demokrat (newspaper) Spann, Othmar 198 f. 143 Spartakist 45 Spina, Franz 112, 114,125-127, 136f., 140, 148,151,160,163, 169 f., 177, 182,194, 201f„ 206 Šrámek, Monsignor Jan 106, 111, 114,117, 130, 149,170, 178 Šrobár, Vávro 68, 70 St. Petersburg 29 supranational state system 51 Supreme Military Command 33 Švehla, Antonín 32, 35 f., 41, 43, 58, 68 f., 71, 74, 76, 82f., 85-87, 90f„ 96,105, 110,114, 117, 124,126-130,134,138, 140f., 144f., 149-152,155-161, 163f., 167,170, 178,180 - Švehla government 130, 132,134,137, 152, 162, 178, 193 - Švehla's key 41, 70 St. Vacláv’ 205 state language 76 f. Switzerland state rights 9 State Statistical Council for Preparation of the Census 175 Taaffe, Eduard 15 f., 158 - Taaffe cabinet 15 - Taaffe government 15 Tabor 88 tariff legislation 154 Tariff Majority 153-155,159 Taub, Siegfried 143 tax reform 134 Tchechoslovakische Korrespondenz (periodi cal) 142 - State Statistical Office 71f., 177 state’s rights 10,12 f., 16 State’s Rights Democrats 32 Štefánik, Milan Rostislav 28 Stolberg, Friedrich 207 Storm Troopers (SA) 194 f. Stoupal, Viktor 202 Straussenburg, Arthur Arz von 34 Strážnice 68 Stříbrný, Jin 36, 39, 111, 114, 129f., 141, 143, 190 Stříbro 116 Student Union 194 f. Štúr, Ľudevit 70 Stürgkh, Karl 20 Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia 134 Sudeten German 42, 49, 138,146, 152, 169, 173 f. - Sudeten German Homeland Front (SHF) 196 f„ 199-203 - Sudeten German Land Union (SLB) 171, 175 - Sudeten - Sudeten - Sudeten - Sudeten - Sudeten - Sudeten German parties 174 German Party (SdP) 191, 203 German people 191, 200 German politics 172
German Popular Front 196 German Union 147 - Sudeten Germans 49,146, 174, 207 -Sudetenland 43, 45f., 165 Šumava 183 - Šumava/Böhmerwald 23 51, 53, 81, 87, 111 Teplice 54, 84, 97, 107 - Teplice Party Conference 98 - Teplitz-Schönau/Teplice-Šanov 50 Těšín 89 Tetschen/Děřín 49 Third Communist International 109 Thirty Years War 187 Tiso, Dr. Josef 159 Tisza, Istvan 31 Topolčany 157 totalitarian state 199 traditional land administration 89f., 159 treason 35,136 f., 155, 179 f. Treaty of St. Germain 55 Třebíč 89 trench warfare 47 Tribuna (newspaper) 116,121f., 142 troops 48 f. Trutnov 116 - Trutnova 88 Tschuppik, Walter 108 Tuka, Vojtěch 179 f. Turnov 89 Turnverband 196-198,200
Index Tusar, Vlastimil 32-37, 57f., 62, 90f„ 96-98, 100-105 - Tusar government 58 - 61, 63 - 65, 71, 75, 96 f., 100,104, 109, 127 Twenty-One Conditions 105,109 Udržal, František 170,179-182 - Udržal government 178,182 Uherské Hradiště 89 ultra-nationalist(s) 16, 25, 44, 99,106,111, 128,172 unemployment 134 f., 189 f., 193 Union of Industrialists 35 United States 28, 30 f., 49,159 unity government 182 universal suffrage 63, 94 university in Prague 15 Upper Austria 23 Ústí nad Labem 22 f, 49,116 Večerní České Slovo (newspaper) 45 Večerník Českého Slova (newspaper) 121 Venetia 11 Veselý, František Victor Emmanuel 73 f. 11 Vienna 8f„ 12 f„ 18, 28, 32 f., 35-39, 42 f., 45, 49, 53 f., 90, 158 -Viennese government 37f., 52 -Viennese secretariat of the Yugoslav dele gation 36 Világos 10 Viškovský, Dr. Karel 170,180 Vltava 101 Volkssport 194-196 Vrchlabí 88 Wallenstein conspiracy 187 war loans 123,127 f., 138 Washington 31 — weapons 136, 195 - weapons caches 53 Weiss, Ernst 109 Wenceslas Square 108,189f. western Adriatic 9 Western Bohemia 22 Wilson, President Woodrow 29, 31, 36 - Wilson’s Fourteen Points 31,100 Windischgrätz, General 44 Winter, Lev 151 Wolf, Privy Councilor 52, 61, 63 ‘Women of Shame’ 108 workers 12, 22, 50 f., 57, 102,110, 134, 144,155, 183, 201 - workers’ councils 97 - workers’ parties 98 working class 51 f. Working Group 126, 129 f., 139 f. World War (I) 14, 25, 27, 100, 118 wounded Germans 116 written language 66 written Slovak language 70 Yiddish 176 Young Czechs 16,19 Yugoslavs) 9, 31 f., 34, 50 - Yugoslav Club 32 - Yugoslavia 47, 49,154 Zagreb 34,36
Zahradník, Bohdan 68 f., 74 f. Zajíček, Deputy 195, 207 Zanantoni, General 38 Záruba-Pfeffermann, Josef 86-88 Žatec 116 - Źatec/Saaz 198 Žerav, Dr. 32 f. Zionists Znojmo 176 88 231 |
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Contents Introduction Competing Politicizations of Ethnicity in Austria-Hungary and Czechoslovakia, 1848-1936 — 1 Map of Czechoslovakia — 6 Chapter 1 Austrian Prelude----- 7 Chapter 2 Deliverance----- 28 Chapter 3 German Rejection — 41 Chapter 4 Making the New Rules: Language and Autonomy — 56 Chapter 5 Reaffirmation of the National State — 96 Chapter 6 The Heyday of the Pětka and the Petka's Demise —132 Chapter 7 German Activism —158 Chapter 8 The End of the Affair----- 189 Epilogue Roads Not Taken — 208 References — 210 Index----- 215
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Archival Material — 213 Sidor, Karol. Slovenská politika na pôde pražského snemu (1918-1938) (Bratislava: Ná kladom kníhtlačiarne ”Andreja”, 1943). Solle, Zdeněk, ed. Masaryk a Beneš ve svých dopisech z doby pařížských mírových jednání v roce 1919 (Praha: Archiv AVČR. Rok vydání, 1993) Štefánek, Josef, ed., Dokumenty o protinárodní politice T. G. Masayka (Praha: Orbis, 1953). Textor, Lucy. Land Reform in Czechoslovakia (London, Allen and Unwin, 1923). Tobolka, Zdeněk. Politické dějiny československého národa od r. 1848 do dnešní doby (Praha: Československý Kompas, 1932). Voženílek, Jan. Předběžné výsledky pozemkové reformy: Země česká a moravskoslezská (Praha : Selbstverl., 1930). Whiteside, Andrew Gladding. Austrian National Socialism Before 1918 (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1962). Wilson, Woodrow. “Fourteen Points Speech”, Address to Congress, January 8,1918. https:// www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false doc=628ipage=transcript (accessed May 14,2021). j Zessner, Klaus, josef Seliger und die nationale Frage in Böhmen: Eine Untersuchung über die nationale Politik der deutschböhmischen Sozialdemokratie, 1899-1920 (Stuttgart: Seliger-Archiv, 1976). Zimmermann, Marco, “Die Wahlkampagne der Sudetendeutschen Partei 1935”. Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20 6-1(2014): 94-126. Archival Material AKPR (Archive of the Office of the President; Czech Republic], D8500/37/H/IV; T 12/25, část II, IV, V. AMZV ČR [Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Czech Republic], State Papers of Vlastimil Tusar. APS, Р-ČR [Archive of the Chamber of Deputies in
Parliament; Czech Republic]-AFS, RNS, 120, 123, 153a, 153b, 154, 158,159,160. AÛTGM.f.TGM [State Archive of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk], Korespondence II. Digitální parlamentní knihovna [Common Czech-Slovak Digital Parliamentary Library] June 1st, 1920. https://www.psp.cz/sqw/hp.sqw?k=82 (Accessed June 16, 2021). NA, MZV-VA I [Czech Republic National Archives, Ministry of Foreign Affairs] newspaper clipping archive]. NA, MYV-VA [Czech National Republic Archives, Ministry of Agricultural Affairs], papers of Franz Spina. NA, PMR [Czech Republic National Archives, Presidency of the Council of Ministers] К 5, 6; Presidium zemského úřadu v Praze (PZUP) report nos. 3, 4,11, 12, 13. NA (SUA), MV (Czech Republic National Archives, Ministry of the Interior], Vnitropolitické věci MU (BA), EB 5. Presidium zemské správy politické v Praze (Presidium of the Provincial Political Administration in Prague-PZSPP) report nos. 5, 8, 9,10,14, 15,16, 22, 33 VÚP [Research Institute of Pedagogy in Prague] PS-ll-24, 25.
214 — References Newspapers Berlinertagblatt und Handelszeitung, September 12,1919. Bohemia, January 25, 1920. Die Zeit, July 31, 1919. Demokracie a Socialismus [London] 35, March 4-5,1957. Deutsche Landpost, July 7, 1936. Národ, Apr 9-Мау 16,1865. Národní demokracie, November 16,1921; April 1,1922. Národní listy. June 7,1924; November 16,1926. Národní politika, October 19, 1926. Prager Tagblatt, May 13, November 26,1921. Prager Abendblatt, October 8,1921. Pražský večerník December 12,1921. Ráno, October 9,1919. Reichenberger Zeitung, June 25, 1921. 1 Tribuna, September 29th, 1921 (part I), September 30։h, 1921 (part II).
Index 1848, Revolution of abolition of land diets absolutism 10 7-10, 44 -Allied nation 80 accommodation 128 f., 170, 205 - accommodation between Czechs and Ger mans 56 activism 125 f., 136,139,148,153,167, 170-173, 175, 204, 207 - activism obstructionism 172 activist(s) 126,128,135,137, 139 f., 141, 147 f., 151-153, 155 f., 160, 163, 172, 175, 188, 202, 204-207. - activist camp 173 - activist collaboration 194 - activist national demands 192 - activist parties 126,153, 155, 164, 167, 171, 173,192, 204 - activist policies 171 - activist vote 167 Adlegebirge/Orlické Mountains 22 administrative autonomy 86,104,132 - administrative districts 14, 103 - administrative law 63 - administrative reform 23, 82,134, 159, 163-165,167, 171 Agrarian 114 - Agrarian Domoviny for Independence 129 - Agrarian Party 41 - Agrarians 19, 127,130, 154 agrarian 19 agricultural laborers 183 agricultural tariffs 144 f., 149 f., 152-155, 173 Albania 29 all national coalition 96,106,120,121, 126, 129, 133, 136, 141 f„ 144, 148 f., 154-156, 181 f. all national government 155 all-national system 135 Alliance of German (Free) Unions Allied 29 f., 47, 49 - Allied diplomacy 30 118 https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110749885-014 30 - Allied powers 34, 49 - allied troops 28 Allies 26, 28 f., 49, 53, 57 Alumni Unions of the German National Aca demic Association 25 Andrassy, Gyula 14, 36 Andrassy, Julius 31 annexation to Germany 191 anti-Czech 47 - anti-Czech nationalism 99 anti-German rioting in Prague 190 - anti-German sentiment 59 Archduchess Marie Valerie 14 Archduke Friedrich 35 Armistice (WWI) 49 - armistice
27, 31, 34 f., 45, 56 assassination 135 f. Auerhan, Dr. 176, 177 Aussig-Teplitz and Buschtehrad railway 138 Aussig/Ústí nad Labem 22 f, 49,116 Austria 8-12, 14 f., 26, 28, 32 f., 41 f., 45-49, 55, 74, 77, 98, 100, 102, 111, 158,169, 174 -Austrian Admiralty 35 -Austrian army 35 -Austrian Army High Command 33 - Austrian command in Prague 39 - Austrian constitution 8,10 -Austrian Constitution 25 - Austrian Constitution of 1867 93 -Austrian constitutional law 46 -Austrian -Austrian - Austrian -Austrian -Austrian -Austrian - Austrian -Austrian -Austrian - Austrian Empire 8 federalism 11 Germans 45 f. labor movement 99 monarchy 7,9-11,82,123 national assembly 42 National Assembly 45 navy 34 parliament 54 Reichsrjt 12, 20
216 — Index - Austrian Slavs 32 Beust, Friedrich Ferdinand bicameral legislature 94 bilingualism 21 -Austrian Social Democratic Party 18 - Austrian Social Democrats 19 Austria-Hungary 20, 26, 28-30, 50 - Austrian and Hungarian military units - Austro-Hungarian 35 - Austro-Hungarian army 32 - Austro-Hungarian command 31,39 - Austro-Hungarian -Austro-Hungarian - Austro-Hungarian - Austro-Hungarian -Austro-Hungarian 39 Compromise of 1867 Empire 11 empire 31 government 32 marine 35 -Austro-Hungarian military authority -Austro-Hungarian monarchy 28f. - Austro-Hungarian Prague Command - Austro-Hungarian troops 29, 38 Austro-Prussian War of 1866 11 authoritarian 199 11 42 39 - authoritarian state 198 autocracy 28 autonomy 13,15,18, 24, 26, 31, 48, 57, 70, 80-82, 133,137,139, 159, 163f., 167,177, 191 ֊ autonomous administration 80 - autonomous districts 23 ֊ autonomous elements subordinated 85 - autonomous province 24f. - autonomous regions 81 - autonomous rights 82 Avion Cinema 189 Baden 88 Badeni, Kasimir 17-19 Badenu 33 f. Battle of the White Mountain Bavaria 88 186, 205 Baxa, Dr. Karel 108,113,186,190 BdL (German Farmers Union) 194, 202 Bechyně, Rudolf 44, 110,114,130, 149, 151 Belgium 81,146 Beneš, Dr. Edvard 28, 30, 33, 49, 56, 77f., 117-120, 122f„ 127, 129f., 138, 140, 176, 177, 181,190, 203, 206 - Beneš government 106,121,126,134 Berlin 44 f., 53, 60, 90, 103, 109, 115, 130, 146, 150, 156, 161 f., 204 14 Bismarck, Otto von 45,157, 205 Bodenbach/Podmokly 49 Boháč, Dr. Antonin 176 Bohemia 7-9,12 f., 15-18, 20-24, 38, 42 f„ 46, 48-50, 54, 65, 73, 80 f., 86-88, 99, 146,
158,164,168,171, 175, 183-185, 187, 205 f. - Bohemia, Czech 16, 26, 38 - Bohemia, German 7,16, 21-26, 38, 42f., 45f., 49f., 52-55, 61, 82, 93,156 - Bohemian crown 13 - Bohemian diet 13,16 - Bohemian German question 65 - Bohemian Germans 55 - Bohemian kingdom 10 - Bohemian unity 82 Bohemia (newspaper) 108,125 f., 172 Böhmerwald/Šumava 22,48 Bolshevism 33,105 - Bolshevization 35 Bouček, Václav 87, 90 bourgeois class(es) 51,102 bourgeois nationalist 43 bourgeois parties 90,118,137, 155, 193, 196 - bourgeois activist parties 193 Brabec, Dr. Jaroslav 76, 86, 90, 92 Bradáč, Bohumír 127,162 Brand, Dr. Walter 196, 200 f. Bratislava 68,168,180 Brenner, Otto 49 British Foreign Office 30 Brno 89, 171, 183,195 brown coal district 48 brown-shirted fascism 206 - brown uniforms 191 Brücknner-Breslau, Gauleiter 191 Brunar, Dr. Heinrich 172-174,191 Brüx/Most 48 Budapest 70 - Budapest parliament Budějovice 88 f. Bulgaria 47 31
Index 197 112 calisthenics Čapek, Karel coal districts 102 - capitalist class 52 colonists and immigrants 34 capitulation of the monarchy 32 f., 36 105,110,121, 138 f., 118,122,138, compromise 177 190 - 1871 Compromise 176-178 central authority 183 f. 173 106f., 110,113f., 152, 150,152f., 155 136 conspiracy Chancellery 91,164 75, 90, 93 f., 97, 100,102, 138 - Constitutional Committee - constitutional government - constitutional law(s) 26, 34 chauvinism 60,135, 192 f. - chauvinist 26, 44,150 controlled economy 89 Cisleithania - Cisleithanian 157 111, 130 17 - Cisleithanian Austria crown lands 11,15, 26 12 12 Clam-Martinic, Jindřich class coalition 102 clerical parties 152 13 193,199 18 f. currency 144 civil service retrenchment 36 83 cultural autonomy curia 36, 37 31-34 Croatian(s) - Croats 13, 26, 32 Croatian National Committee 9, 12, 17f. - Cisleithanian Constitution civil liberties 198 - corporatist state 199 Coudenhove, Maximilian von Christian Social People’s Party 10 12, 46, 61, 73, 78 124 corporatist principles 74,107f. - Christian Socials 66, 74, 76, 80, 83, 90, 92, 132 205 Charles I, Emperor 7-14, 56, 59-62, 65-67, -constitution 189 f. 114,118,127 f. Charlemagne 64, 80, 93f., 96,100, 111, 118, 152, 179 124 Chamber of Deputies Chotěboř congrua 82 f., 86, 89,166 České Slovo (newspaper) Cheb 106,141, 172 conciliation Constitution -Česká Lípa/Bömische Leipä 12 111, 153, 156, 158-160, 170, concession(s) 28, 47, 137, 157 centrist administration 94 Černý, Jan 106 f., 110, 116, 129,151,165 - Černý government 14 - Compromise of 1867 84 Central Educational Foundation 160
Česká Lípa 105 4, 10, 12-14, 32, 60, 77, 91, 111, 132, 145, 149, 154, 158,160,163, 70 Central Europe 109 - Communist Third International 104 70, 127, 178, 187 Census 103, 105,109, 114, 125, 128, 136, 142, 144,146, 148, 153, 170 - Communist Party 140,145, 148,167, 178 115 104 121 - Communist(s) Castle (political institution) - Catholics 154 common proletarian front Communism 144, 149, 151 f., 155 f. Čas (newspaper) 116,120 - Catholicism commercial treaties Committee of the Land Administration caretaker government Catholic 48, 205 126, 128, 130 Combat Group 110,114,130 Castle Hluboš 97 98,101f., 139 collaboration capitulation of the military Capri 189 coalition politics - capitalism 217 23 -coalmining 123 capital — Czech 134 f. 9,11, 15, 17, 20 f., 36, 71, 74, 112, 170, 177 f., 181, 189 Czech, Dr. Ludwig 134 f., 165, 206
218 — Index Czech Agrarian Party 19, 58,129,141,144, 163, 180,187, 192, 202 18 57, 74 f., 85, 96, 99, ֊ Czech Agrarian(s) - Czech-German compromise in Moravia - Czech-German conciliation 58 105f., 110, 113, 124, 127, 129f., 132f., - Czech-German mediation treaty 137, 144 f., 148-150, 152, 154-156, 159, - Czech-German parliamentary government 162, 170, 178-182, 192-194, 201, 203 f. 156 - Czech-German politics 169 Czech and German civic parties 186 Czech and German nobility Czech and Moravian bourgeoisie Czech and Slovak 67f. 58 - Czech and Slovak language - Czech and Slovak soldiers 66-69 40 Czech bourgeois parties Czech bourgeoisie 105 51f. Czech character 113 Czech chauvinists 7-10,16 f., 19, 36 f., 39-44, 47, 54, 57, 64, 71, 78, 81f„ 84, 88, 108, 112, 130, 132 f., 159, 165, 175,183, 186 f. 63-69,71-74,77,160 Czech legionnaires 16, 26, 38 167 23 Czech language 37 Czech Bohemia 146 119,146 Czech landmass Czech lands - Czech and Slovak dominance Czech authorities Czech Germans Czech government parties 52 147 49,107 Czech majority 42, 84, 88 f„ 162 Czech military 107 f. - Czech militia 54 48, 64, 82f., 87, 89, Czech minority(ies) 107, 115, 183 f., 205 80, 82 Czech Christian Social Party 19,178 - Czech Christian Social Peoples Party Czech moderates Czech nation 138 24, 35, 51, 62, 67, 69, 78, 85, 93, 183, 186, 205 f. 150,163 - Czech Christian Socials 58, 72, 83, 85, Czech national bourgeoisie 60 96,105 f., Ill, 129, 132, 139, 149, 156, Czech national character 159, 178-180 Czech National Democracy (Party) Czech Club - Czech National Democracy Parliamentary 16 Czech coalition
131,136 Czech colonists 138 Czech Compromise Czech crown 89,119, 148 f., 159 f. 103 Czech Clericals 89 Club 132,139, 150, 154 f., 159 f., 164,178, 12 f., 16 184, 205 13 7, 9f., 12 f., 18, 87, - Czech crown lands Czech national identity 79 Czech national interests 122 Czech currency Czech deputies 71 Czech national movement 32 Czech dependency 58, 60, 72, 83, 85, 96,103,106, 108, 111, 123,129, 14 - Czech crown jewels 159 f. - Czech National Democrats 8, 14, 42 Czech National Party of Labor 8 Czech national revival 17 148 94,108 Czech element 88 f. Czech National Socialist Workers Party Czech émigrés 28 - Czech National Socialist Party Czech ethnic identity Czech exile - Czech National Socialists 8 Czech garrison 105, 111, 118, 121,145,180 105 108 Czech-German relations 18, 95, Ulf., - Czech-German accommodation - Czech-German coalition Czech national system 97 Czech national theater 15 Czech nationalism 120 f., 184,189, 204 170 20, 94 12, 42 - Czech nationalist party - Czech nationalists 19 75 134 57, 80,119
Index Czech nationality 73 - Czech nationality policy Czech nobility 187 62 Czech non-Marxist parties 159 Czech occupation 42, 49 f., 53 Czech opinion 122 Czech party(ies) 18 f„ 41, 57, 99,135, 157, 161-163, 166, 173, 187, 193 f., 206 - Czech party clubs 70 Czech Party of Trade 149,159, 178 Czech party system 19 - Czech political parties 41, 59,152 Czech politics 19,174 Czech population 205 Czech Prague 190 Czech press 115 f., 124,141,172 Czech Progressive Party 73, 87, 90 Czech proletariat 104 Czech propaganda 20 Czech public opinion 56 Czech publications 179 Czech region 205 Czech school children 108 Czech settlements 22 Czech Social Democracy 98,109,178 f. - Czech Social Democratic leader 44 - Czech Social Democratic Workers Party 18 - Czech Social Democrats (DSAP) 18, 96 f., 104-106, 109, 118,124, 139,144-146, 148-150, 180 f., 193 Czech Socialists 58,123,129 - Czech socialist parties 57 Czech Society of the Sokol 36 Czech soldiers 29, 39,108 Czech state 43, 55,137 - Czech state collapse 162 Czech state’s rights 16 Czech State’s Rights Progressive Party 57 Czech troops 48 f., 53 f. Czech ultra-nationalists 129 Czech Union 33 Czech University 15 Czech workers 99 Czechization 65, 93, 138, 150 - Czechizing 71 — 219 Czecho-Slovak army(ies) 29 f. - Czecho-Slovak legionnaires 29 Czecho-Slovak Government 30 Czecho-Slovak language 68 f. Czecho-Slovak nation 30 Czecho-Slovak National Council 30f. Czecho-Slovak peoples 30 Czecho-Slovak state 152 Czecho-Slovaks 30 f. Czechoslovak 67 f., 70, 76, 80, 94, 178 Czechoslovak army 39 Czechoslovak Association of Unions 118 Czechoslovak
Christian Social Peoples Party 83,106 Czechoslovak Communist Party 110 Czechoslovak Declaration of Independence 43 Czechoslovak democracy 177 Czechoslovak diplomacy 10 Czechoslovak government 26, 41, 49, 54, 169 Czechoslovak independence 42, 185 Czechoslovak language 64 - 68, 71-74, 76, 80, 93 Czechoslovak Legionnaire Association 116 - Czechoslovak legionnaires 29 Czechoslovak minorities 168 Czechoslovak nation 43, 65, 67, 93,120- 122 Czechoslovak National Committee 36, 38, 41 - Czechoslovak National Committee in Paris 41 Czechoslovak National Council 29 - Czechoslovak National Council in Paris 56 Czechoslovak National Democracy 83, 87, 90, 92 Czechoslovak National Socialist 108 Czechoslovak nationality 177 Czechoslovak officials 73 Czechoslovak Parliament 20 Czechoslovak Peoples’ Party 69 Czechoslovak Progressive States Rights Party 96 Czechoslovak Republic 18, 20, 40f., 47, 54, 64, 78, 107, 142
220 — Index Czechoslovak revolution 55 Czechoslovak Revolutionary Assembly Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party 100 106, 128 - Czechoslovak Social Democracy 96,109 - Czechoslovak Social Democrats 98,103, 110 Czechoslovak society 167 Czechoslovak state 28, 32, 36, 38, 44, 47, 49, 51 f., 54 f., 58 f., 63, 70, 74, 84, 94, 100, 111, 122, 135, 151, 179, 203, 206 Czechoslovak State was declared by a law 36 Czechoslovakia 20, 41, 47, 49, 54, 77, 94, 98, 105, 111, 136, 146 f„ 162,168 f., 188f., 195,199, 206 Czechs 7, 9, 12-23, 26, 29, 32, 40 f., 43, 50, 55, 59, 63, 66, 72, 80, 85, 94, 97, 106, 115, 137, 140, 163 f., 186 DAWG (German Labor and Economics Associ ation) 174, 180-183, 192, 196 Deak, Ferenc 158 Declaration of St. Martin 179 Dědič, Deputy Karel 86, 89 Defense Law 136, 195 f. defense of the city 38 defense of the minorities 136 democracy 20, 28, 51 f., 81, 94,107,198 demonstrations 54,107, 150,169,189192 -demonstrators 115,189 f. Denis, Ernest 28 Depression 188 f. Derer, Dr. Ivan 67-69, 71,133 deteriorating economic conditions 189 Deutsche Landpost (newspaper) 137,156 Deutsche Presse (newspaper) 193 dictatorship of the proletariat 97 disorganized demobilization dissolution of the monarchy DNP (German National Party) 34 30 191,199f. DNSAP (German National Socialist Workers Party) 191 f., 196 f., 199 f. Dola nský, Josef 69 f. Donat, Senator Václav 152 Dresden 45 DSAP (Czech Social Democrats) Dual Monarchy 12 dualism 11-14 - dualist system 26 193 Dux/Duchov 48 - Duchov 87 - Dux 93 Dyk, Viktor 159 Eastern Bohemia 22 f. Easter Demands 25 education 10, 15,17 - educational
establishments Eger/Cheb 48 f. 72 - Egerland/Chebsko 22f. Elba 49 Elbegau/Polabi 22 Emperor 7f., 11-15, 26, 34, 38 England 28 Engliš, Karel 150 Entente 44, 49, 98, 100 f. entry of the Germans into government 206 Epstein, Dr. Leo 113 equal rights 20, 94,112, 133, 172 Erzgebirge/Krušné Mountains 22 Estates Theater 108,123 ethnic ascendancy 76, 79 ethnic cantonization 84 ethnic conflict 40, 71,129,189 ethnic identity 94 ethnic minorities 163 ethnic nationalism 7f., 10 ethnicity 7, 63, 94 export industries 154 extortionist politics 111 Falkenau/Falknov 49 Farmer(s) 57, 66,102,124,137,144,171, 186, 201, 206 Farmers Federation 19 fascism 206 federalism 13 - federalist 10,13 f. Ferdinand II, Emperor field maneuvers 195 finance minister 60 financial reform 149 186f.
Index First Czechoslovak Republic 63, 94 - First Republic 54, 94,104,106, Ulf., 118, 167, 206 foreign nobility 187 Fourteen Points (Wilson’s) 29, 31, 45 France 11, 13 f., 28 f„ 40, 47, 49, 146 Franco-Prussian war 11 Frankfurt 8 Franz Josef, Emperor 8,10f., 13f., 26, 157 f., 169 French front 29 Friedland 49 Gajda, Deputy 190 Galicia 13 Gautsch, Paul 19 Gazik, Marek 159 Gebsattel, Baron Fritz von 44, 55 General Staff in Vienna 34 Geneva 28, 33, 37 f., 56,130 Gentlemen’s Coalition 178,181 German 13, 15, 17, 20, 61, 76, 93, 168, 200 German activism 181 ֊ German activists 128,131,139 German Agrarian Party 124 - German Agrarian(s) 19, 56-59, 84, 96, 99 f., 103,106,112,114 f., 124, 126128, 134, 136, 139, 142, 152, 155 f., 182 - German Agrarian Parliamentary Club 115 German ambassador 103,130,136,146, 150, 162, 190, 204 German and Austro-Hungarian empires 30 f. German annexation 53 German army 14 German Austrla(n) 9,43,52-54 - German Austrian Constitutional Law - German Austrian troops 53 German autonomy 97, 139, 164 46 German Bohemia 7,16, 21-26, 38, 42f., 45 f., 49 f., 52-55, 61, 82, 93, 156 - German Bohemian government 49, 53 - German Bohemian provincial assembly 52-54 German Bohemian Social Democrats 104 German Bohemians 21 f., 24, 53, 60 — 221 German border(land) regions 83,186 German bourgeois parties 62, 98, 125, 137,143 German bourgeoisie 52,135 German Casino 123 German Catholic Conservatives 15 German chauvinist 54 German Christian People’s Party (DCV) 193 - German Christian Social Party 171,195 - German Christian Social(s) 56, 84, 99, 114, 127 f., 134, 139, 142, 144,
147-149, 151, 153, 159, 166 f„ 170, 175,181, 193, 196, 206 - German Christian Social Peoples Party 124, 126, 204, 207 German cities 108 German civil servants 138 German Club in Vienna 25 German collaboration 59 German conservative deputies 16 German cultural autonomy 161,163 German-Czech party 18 German defense force 48 German demands 82, 84 German Democratic Freedom Party 99, 142, 174 - German Democratic Freedom 139 German Democratic Progressive Party 56 German Democrats 115, 134,139,141 f., 144 German Economics Association German economy German element German Embassy 195 188 88 f. 60, 90,115,137, 151,156 German Empire 8,11, 36 German entry into government 58,140- 142, 155f„ 158 f., 161, 169, 172 German Estates Theater 108,112 German farm families 188 - German farmer 188 German Farmers Union (BdL) 114,134, 136 f., 139, 147-149,151,153, 156, 159, 166 f., 169-171, 173, 181-183, 187,194, 196, 201 f., 204, 206 German Freedom Democratic Party 148 German front 87 126,
222 — Index German government 17, 53, 61,152, 203 German government parties 170,172f., 179 German hegemony 8 German House 190 German interests 60 German jobs 151 German tabor and Economics Association (DAWG) 174 f., 183, 192 German land 93 German language 63-66, 73, 75, 77,107 - German language territory 115,137 f. German Liberals) 12,14 f., 16,19 German Liberal Democratic 158 German Liberal majority 12 German Liberal Party 15 German majority(ies) 82 f., 84 German majority parties 183 German mandates 90 German military units 107 German ministers 178 German minority(ies) 9f., 23, 57f., 88, 94, 169,172 German ‘mixed’ border territory 205 German Moravia 82 German nation 21, 26, 90,101,139,157, 171, 204 f. German National Assembly 7 German national associations 198 German National Committee 38,197 German national concerns 104 German national demands 98, 159 German National Democracy 140 German National Party (DNP) 56, 98 f., 123f., 126, 131, 135-137, 147f., 151, 155, 170-174, 191,196 f. - German National Party Parliamentary Club 172 German National Socialism 99,191,198 - German National Socialist (movement) 191 - German National Socialist Party 124, 126, 191, 194-197 - German National Socialist Workers Party (DNSAP) 98 f., 131, 135, 183, 191 - German National Socialists 99,103,123, 142, 144, 147, 151, 153, 196 f„ 203 German National Union 25 German nationa(ist(s) 16, 25, 41, 52, 82 German Nationalist Party 42 - German Nationals 172,196 German negativism 56 German non-Marxist activists 139 German non-Marxist opposition and govern ment parties 173 - German non-Marxist parties
139,173, 196 German officials 73,141-144 German opposition 135 German Parliamentary Union 99 f., 107, 115, 119,123-125,130 f„ 134 German Parliamentary Working Group 156 German participation in government 61, 128 German party(ies) 19, 54, 57, 59, 63,139, 143f., 147f., 160,162,166,169,171174, 180 f., 186, 196, 201, 204 - German parties in government 166,170, 173, 191-193 German Party of Trade 125,139,147f., 151, 153, 159, 174, 192, 196 German people 23, 52,100, 136,140, 206 German Political Labor Office 173 German political party(ies) 98,168,190 German German German German German political unity 175 Political Work Office 201 population 82,183, 205 press 44, 64,115,172 problem 130 German radical 52 German Radical Nationalist Party 25 German German German German German German German recruits 107 regions 93,133 Reich 45 f., 52 Reichstag 191 rejection 56 representation 160 resistance 50, 57 German German German German rights 61, 63, 93 School Union 183 self-government 140 Social Democracy 51, 98,101f., 143,181 - German Social Democrat(s) 19, 52, 54, 56, 58 f„ 62, 84, 96-100,103 f., 106,
Index 114 f., 118, 123 f., 128, 135, 139, 142144,146-149, 155, 164,173, 192 f., 196, 204, 206 - German Social Democratic (Party) 42 f., 51, 98,101, 193 German Socialist Democrats 57 German socialists 139 German soldiers 50 German sound film 189 German southern Moravia 43 German speakers 175 German state employees 64 German supremacy 62 German territory(ies) 23, 42-44, 48, 64, 82, 107, 109, 190 German troops 53 German ultra-nationals 137 German Union 139,151,153 German union (19th century) 11 German unity 42,126, 202 - German unity front 147 German University 100,112, 148,160, 195, 197 German vote 57,192 German Workers Party 99 Germanization 77,187, 204 f. Germans 7, 9f., 12, 14-20, 23-25, 40-43, 47 f., 51, 54, 57-60, 62, 65-67, 72 f., 75-80, 84 f., 89, 94, 97, 101, 106, 111, 113, 115, 119, 134, 137 f., 141, 152, 156, 158 f., 162-164, 175 f., 181, 184, 187, 194 - Germans in Czech lands 56 - Germans of Czechoslovakia 190 Germany 7, 11, 22, 30f., 41, 43, 45-47, 50, 53 f„ 65, 73, 77, 98, 102, 105, lllf., 136, 146 f., 154, 177, 189,191,199, 202, 205 Geyer, Baron von 34 Glombinský faction 32 Gounod, Charles 67 government collaboration 142 Governor’s Office 38 Grand Coalition 183 Great Britain 30, 47, 49,146 great estates 186 Great War 28 —— 223 Greater Germany 107 Greece 47 gymnastic association 37 Habry 89 Habsburg(s) 7, 9, 13, 19, 47, 51, 60,107, 161, 186, 205 - Habsburg monarchy 14, 51 Hacker, Gustav 201 f., 206 Hainfeld Party Conference 18 Hampl, Antonin 181 Hanreich, Georg 171 Hartl, Hans 124f. Hebrew 176 Heeren, Councilor von 156 Henlein, Konrad 196 f., 199-206 Herbst, Dr.
Eduart 158 Hilgenreiner, Karl 171, 207 Hitler 189, 192, 195, 199 - Hitler’s governor in Silesia 191 Hlinka, Father Andrej 70, 93,133,159,177, 179 Hluboš 105,110 Hnídek, František 69, 73, 75f. Hodač, Dr. 35 Hodonín 68 Hodža, Milan 32,132,152, 154f., 159, 161, 163 Hoetzel, Dr. 67 Hohenwart, Siegmund 13 Holub, Admiral 35 Horáček, Professor 127 Hradec 88 f. - Hradec Králové 11 Hradiště 89 Humpolec 89 Hungarian(s) 9f., 11, 94,168 Hungarian county administration 81 Hungarian government 41 Hungarian Nationalist Party 147 Hungarian Parliament 31, 70 - Hungarian parliamentary elections 70 Hungarian troops 31 Hungary 9-15, 17, 26, 31, 33, 41, 47, 68, 77, 79, 94, 154,158 Hussareck, Max von 26
224 — Index ideal society Illyrian 9 198 impediments to open debate imperialistic action 53 86 independence of Czechoslovakia 38 independent judiciary 94 individual rights 94 individualism 198 inequality 63,198 Institute for the Study of the National Minori ties in the Czechoslovak Republic 161 inter-ethnic unrest 126 Iron Ring 15 irredenta 54, 86 - irredentism 89 - irredentist 86,135,140,162 - irredentist party 192 - Irredentists 172 Isonzo 32 Italian(s) 9, 22, 27 - Italian front 31 - Italian government 29 ֊ Italian military 29 - Italian offensive 33 Italy 29, 40, 49, 146, 197 Jaksch, Wenzel 206 Jesser, Franz 20,22-25,42,82 Jewish city hall 108 Jewish firms in Dlouhý Street 189 Jewish nationality 175-177 Jews 175f. Jičín 89 Jihlava 88 Joachim, Section Chief 176 f. Joseph li, Emperor 107 Jung, Deputy 191, 195f. Juriga, Ferdiš 166 Kafka, Dr. Bruno 140-142,148, 182 f., 190 Kallay, J. 130 Kallina, Othmar 199 Kameradschaftbund (KB) 198-200 Kann, Robert 26 Karlovy Vary 82 f., 86, 89,116, 157, 166 Karlovy Vary/Karlsbad 91,164 Karlsbad/Karlovy Vary 49 Károlyi, Mihály 31 Kasper, Deputy 195 Keibl (former head of the German National Party Parliamentary Club) 172 Kestřanek, General 38 Kings of Bohemia 13 Kladno 109 Kmeťko, Karol 70 Knirsch, Deputy 195 Koch, Walter 204,147,152 Koloděje castle 60 Komotau/Chomutov 49 Königreichwalde/Dvûr Králové 23 Könniggrätz 11,158 Körber, Ernst von 20 Korošec, Dr. 32 Koroshets, Msgr. 33 f. Kosina (Czech officiai) 37f. Kotor 35 Kralice 70,88 Kralice Bible 70 Kramář, Dr. Karel 32, 35, 41, 49, 56 f., 62, 72 f., 78 f., 87-93, 111, 132,141, 159 f.,
163-165,185, 205 - Kramář government 58, 96, 106 - Kramář law 166 Krebs, Hans 191f., 194-197,199 Krejčí, Professor Dr. 176 Kremsier 9 f. Křepek, Franz 58,100 f., 104,107,115, 134 f., 151, 156-158,170, 182 Krefta, Kamil 161 Kyjov 89 labor 186,191,193 - labor conflict 99 - labor organizations 118 Lammasch, Heinrich 32, 36, 38 land administration 159 - land assemblies 167,173, 178, 180 - land autonomy 16, 80 - land commission of Bohemia 80 - land diet(s) 10,12,16, 18 f. - land elections 174 f. Land Office 185-188 land redistribution 129,186
Index Land reform 93, 127-129, 134, 138, 141, 184-188 landowner(s) 144,185 - large landowners 13, 129 language 7, 15-18, 21, 74, 81, 144, 175177, 184 f., 189 - language compromise 16 - language concessions 127 - language equality 125,151 - language issue 20, 64, 71, 76, 94,104, 140, 150 - language rights 176 - language terminology 71, 79 Language Law 63-67, 71-74, 76, 80,83, 92 - 94., 129, 138, 150 f., 175 - Language Law of February 29th, 1920 64 - language of administration 61, 64 - Language Ordinance of 1926 167 - language ordinance(s) 17,19 f., 151,163 - language policy 65,103f. - language test(s) 143 - language usage 65, 128,167 Lansing, U.S. Secretary 30f. Lanškroun 88 Lany 181 Law for the Defense of the Republic 136, 138 Law on Regional and District Administration 93 Law on the Establishment of Regional and District Authorities 92 Law Providing for Expropriation 185,187 League of Nations 78,130, 146,169 f. Legionnaire(s) 40, 107f., 116 - legionnaire associations 118 legitimacy 71 Leitmeritz/Litoměřice 42 liberal constitution 63 Liberal Party 131 liberalism 198 Liberec 16, 48, 136,168 Liberec/Reichenberg 97,168 Liberec Trade Fair 168 Lidové listy (newspaper) 180 Lidové noviny (newspaper) 112 Lidový dům 109 linguistic islands 82, 184 Litoměřice —— 225 39 Little Entente 134 Locarno 147 Lodgman von Auen, Rudolf 42f., 45-47, 49, 52 f„ 62, 93, 98-100,103,115, 119, 123f., 126-128,131, 135-137, 147f., 191 Lombardy 11 London 28, 105 Louny 86,116 loyal minority 152 Luschka, Senator 207 Lux. Adalbert 168 Magyars) 9f., 12, 14 f„ 25 f„ 42, 48, 51, 78, 133,175 - Magyar and Croatian
soldiers 31 - Magyar constitutional theory 12 - Magyar language 75 - Magyar mutiny 33 - Magyar speakers 175 - Magyar yoke 79 majority language 65 Malypetr, Jan 85,138,165, 203 Mandate(s) 96, 128, 146, 148 f„ 159, 171, 174 f„ 201, 204 manifesto of the left March 4th 54 97 Marienbad/Mariánské Lázně 49 market economy 113 Marxism 198 - Marxist 206 Marxist parties 204 Masaryk , Tomáš Garrigue 28f., 41, 44, 47-49, 56, 58-61, 63-66, 72, 75, 81, 83, 85, 90, 93, 96, 99 f., 103-106, 110, 113-115, 117-120, 122-124, 130, 134, 139 f., 149, 151 f., 156 f., 161, 164, 168170, 177 f„ 180-182, 203, 207 mass demonstrations 54 Mayer, Josef 171 Mayr-Harting, Robert 114, 127f., 140, 160, 169, 193, 207 Medvecký, Ľudevít 67-69 Meissner, Dr. Alfred 86, 92,166 middle class 182 f., 192, 206
226 — Index military 17, 26, 28, 31, 34-36, 38, 41, 134, 190, 197, 203 - military collapse 32 - Military Command 33 f., 38 f. - military exercises 195 - military operations 50 ֊ military service - militia 107 63,142, 150 miners 87, 183 Ministry of Schools 71f., 160 Ministry of War 39 minority concerns ֊ minority defense 94 21 - minority jobs 74 - minority languages 63, 65, 76, 150 - minority policy 79,193 - minority problem 161 - minority protection 94 ֊ minority question 169 - minority territories 150 ֊ minority treaty(ies) 100,137,146,169 Mistral, Frédéric 66 mixed national government 141 Mladá Boleslav 89 Modenský Palace 36 monarchy 40 mono-ethnic 110, 131, 149,154 Moravia 7, 9,12,15,17f., 23, 43, 46, 68, 80 f., 83, 87, 90, 99, 112, 146, 164, 171, 183 f. - Moravia-Silesia 164 - Moravian Diet 7 - Moravian Land Committee 202 Moravská Ostrava 89 Moscow 105 Most/Brux 206 - Most 87 f. mother tongue 66,175 f. Mozart’s Don Giovanni 108 multi-ethnic society 63, 94,112, 163,168, 188 multi-ethnic state 94 multi-national coalition 148 mutiny(ies) 31,35 Naegle, Dr, 100 Napoleon III 11 Nårod (newspaper) 11 Národní Demokracie (newspaper) 184 Národní listy (newspaper) 36, 62,108,174 Národní politika (newspaper) 141 national accommodation 103 National Assembly 41, 56, 59, 62, 65, 80, 83, 85, 89 f„ 92 f., 96, 101 f„ 119, 123, 126, 130, 134,144,161 National Associations 176,183 - National Association of Northern Bohemia 185 national autonomy 21, 24, 26, 84,125, 203 national character 111 national chauvinism 156 national coalition 57,102,106 National Committee 7, 36-39, 41, 43 f., 106
National Committee, 1848 7 National Council 30 National Democratic Party 160 - National Democracy 112,116,159 - National Democrats 111, 114,129 f. national freedom 101 national island 87 national key 144 national minorities 81,110,136,150,156, 161 national oppression 101 national problem 194 national self-determination 45-47, 52 national separation 16, 21 national servitude 102 National Socialism 199 - National Socialist Germany 192 - National Socialist Party 194 f. - National Socialists 197 national solidarity 134 , national state 121, 135, 139, 162 f., 185, 205 national treason 103 nationalism 7, 46, 75,192 - nationalises) 62, 72, 75, 102, 124 f., 135, 171,173, 190, 207 - nationalist system 151 - nationalistic 61, 75, 104 - nationalistic activism 173
Index — 227 nationality 9, 29-31, 48, 56f., 59, 68, 75, 77, 80, 85, 129,175 f„ 184, 186, 193 - nationality key 188 - nationality problem 170 - nationality reform 27 - nationality state 51,121 f., 162 f., 185 negativism 126,148 negativisms) 131, 135, 141, 147, 151, 153, 155 Německý Brod 89 Nicolson, Harold 46 Nitra 70 nobility 8f„ 185, 187 non-Czech troop(s) units 39 non-German majority 16 non-Germans 26 non-Marxist 130 non-Marxist parties 54, 114,144,147, 193 - non-Marxist German parties 151 non-violent termination of the war 32 Norden (periodical) 174 Northern (northwest) Bohemia 22 Novák, Ladislav 160 Parliament 26, 99 -102, 106 f„ 109 - 111, 116,119 f., 126, 128, 132,142,146, 151f., 156, 158, 163, 178-180,182, 186, 190, 203, 207 - parliamentary activity 191 - parliamentary coalition 138 - parliamentary democracy 97 - parliamentary elections 59 f., 96, 99, 123, 128, 142,145 f., 151, 167, 170 f„ 178, 180, 192, 204, 206 - parliamentary government 18,110, 114, 117, 139, 155, 159, 187 - parliamentary majority 148 - parliamentary opposition 109,135 - parliamentary parties 139 - parliamentary politics 101,190 Parliamentary Club of the German National Socialists 162 Parliamentary Union 98-101,114,116, 124-126, 147 parliamentary Working Group 139 Party of Independence 31 obstruction 116 - obstructionism 18,166 official language 64-68, 71, 76 f., 93,141, 150 Oid Czechs 8, 16, 19 Olomouc 89, 183 Opava 89,153 Orlické Mountains 43 Osmička 166 Ottoman Empire 47 peace negotiations 28 f., 32, 37, 55 peace treaty 76 peasants 12,14,102 Pekař, Josef 187 Pelhřimov 89 Peoples Party 133
Pergler, Deputy 190 Peroutka, Ferdinand 100,112,155, 160 Peters, Gustav 195 Pětka llOf., 113f., 117-119, 122f., 128132, 134 f., 138, 141,143 f., 146, 149151, 153 f., 156, 162 f., 181 - Pětka government 135,138 - Pětka parties 117, 128, 133,146,162 Piave 32 Pichon, Stephen 30 Piedmont 11 Pilsner/Plseň 23 -Plzeň 39, 88f. pluralistic society 94 Pola 35 Poland 47, 146, 154 - Poles 13, 15, 32, 50 f., 82, 94, 184 Pacher, Raphael 42 Palacký, František 8-11,13 Palais Lucerna 189 pan-German 191 - pan-German nationalism 8 - Pan-Germanic 47 - Pan-Germanism 48, 61, 202 paramilitary 36 f., 194 Paris 28, 49, 78 - Paris Peace Conference 10, 41, 43, 46 f., 49, 54, 56 f., 77, 84, 94,185, 187 - Paris Peace Treaty 76 f., 123,135 party unity 97 Patzel, Joseph 162
228 —— Index - Polish (lands) 9 ֊ Polish independence 29 - Polish national resistance 32 political amnesty 26 political and national rights 101 political autonomy 81,132 political centralization 81 Postelporty 116 powers of the presidency 93 Prager Abendblatt (newspaper) 120 Prager Presse (newspaper) 178 Prager Tagblatt (newspaper) 108,131,176 Prague 13, 15, 21-23, 32, 35-37, 39, 43 f., 53, 59, 71, 88f., 91f., 100, 108, 110, 112 f., 115,123, 133,137,146,148, 157, 160,167f., 182f., 186, 189f„ 195,197, 204, 206 - Prague centralism 104 ֊ Prague City Council 112 - Prague Command 39 - Prague Command of the Austro-Hungarian Army 38 - Prague district court 109 - Prague Germans 7 - Prague National Committee 37 Právo lidu (newspaper) 109,179 Pražák, Alois 13 Preliminary Results of the Land Reform 186 PFemyslid dynasty 13 President of the Republic 99 Pribichevich, Svetozar 34 Příbram 104 principal language 74f. prisoners of war 29 program of socialization 97 Prokop, Ministerial Counselor Dr. 177 proletariat 51,102 proportional representation 75, 94 Protestant(s) 70 provisional constitution 80 Prussia 11,14, 158 radical nationalism 125 - radical nationalist parties 126 - radical nationalists 125 radicalization 190-192,194 Rašín, Dr. Alois 32-36, 44, 60,114,127, 130,135, 186 Rathenau, Walter 136 Rauchberg, Professor 176 Realist Party 28,118 Red-Green Coalition 57, 96,103,105 f., 128 Redlich, Josef 14, 37 regional administration 92 regional autonomy 84, 86 regional (and administration 81 - regional land administration system 85 83, regional system 85-87, 89, 91f., 96,132134, 159, 164
f., 185 Reich 52, 146, 195 Reichenberg 16,48 - Reichenberg/Liberec 23, 49 Reichenberger Zeitung (newspaper) 168 Reichsrat 9 f., 12,15-17,19, 26, 41-43, 93 Reichstag 10 Reichstat 8 rejectionist parties 193 Republic 39, 46, 68, 71, 74, 76, 101,155 Republican Party of the Czechoslovak Agrari an People and Small Holders 129 Reuter, Fritz 66 Revolution 184 - Revolution of 1848 7-10, 44 Revolutionary National Assembly 41, 47, 56, 58 f., 61-63, 65, 70, 80, 82, 85, 93 f., 96 f., 99, 133, 185, 187 Rieger, František 13 Riepenhasen, Privy Councilor R. von Riesengebirge/Krkonoše 22,49 Ronge, Max 34 f. Rosche, Dr. Alfred 172-174 - Rosche group 174,196 Roudnice 116 Rumania(ns) 9, 26, 47 Rumanian units 39 Rundschau (periodical) 201 rural electoral support 187 - rural vote 106 Rural Youth 206 Russia 29 f. - Russian Revolution 28 f. 53
Index Slovak Agrarian (Party) Rutha, Heinrich 200 Ruthenia 41,164 f., 175 - Ruthenes 94 - Ruthenians 51 SA (Sturmabteilung [Storm Troopers]) Saaz/Žatec 48 - Saazer Land/Žatecko 22 194 f. Säger, Professor 53 Šámal, Přemysl 58, ИЗ, 118,127,138,140, 170,182,193 f. San Nicolo, Mariano 195,197 Saxony 46, 49 Schäffle, Albert 13 Scheiner, Dr. 36, 37 Schieszl, Josef 118,127 School(s) 18, 71, 102,127 f., 134, 138,140, 1 51, 184, 194 - school and childcare 193 - school autonomy 127f. - school policy 103 f. - school question 104 Schubert, Deputy 195 Schiitz, Hans 153 SdP (Sudeten German Party) 203 f., 207 secrecy 110 self determination 29, 43 f., 47, 50 f., 54, 57, 84,100, 121, 137,185 -self-rule 85 f. Seliger, Jozef 42-44, 46, 50 - 52, 54, 62, 97 f., 101,104 f. Senate 96 separation 24 Serbia 29 - Serbs Šestka 26 149, 162 Seton-Watson, R.W. 28 SHF (Sudeten German Homeland Front) 196 f., 201-203 Silesia 7, 9, 43, 46, 64, 80-82, 87, 164, 166,184 Škába, Mr. 176 Slavic 32 - Slavic language 66, 77 - Slavs 11,15, 20 Slovak 65, 69, 94,152,168, 170,178 Slovak (newspaper) 179 — 229 132 Slovak autonomy 71,132 f., 159 - Slovak autonomists 71 Slovak clericals 136 Slovak Club 57, 67-71, 96 Slovak delegation 70 Slovak identity 71 intelligentsia 68 language 63, 66, 68 f., 71 f., 74 nation 133 National and Farmers Party 129 opposition 144 parties 187 Peoples Party 70 f., 132 f., 144, 149, 152 f., 159, 164, 166, 177, 179-181 Slovakia 41, 61, 70f., 81, 130,132-135, 157, 164f., 167f., 175, 182, 185 Slovaks 9f., 26, 32, 51, 63, 66, 69-71, 78, 94, 97, 168,179, 186 Slovenes 22, 26, 32 Slovenský Brod 68
Šmeral, leader of the Czechoslovak Social Slovak Slovak Slovak Slovak Slovak Slovak Slovak Democrats 103 Smetana's Bartered Bride 108 Social Club 167 Social Democracy 98,126 - Social Democrat(s) 19, 50, 52, 57,104, 114, 127 f., 130, 194 - Social Democratic 125 - Social Democratic left 97,109 social insurance 144 f. social revolution 33 socialism 51, 75, 206 Socialist Bloc 153,193 socialist guidelines 135 socialist program 101 Socialists 114, 130, 155 socialization 102,114 Sokol Association 38 - Sokol demonstrations 116 - Sokols 37, 39, 118 Soukup, Dr. 36, 39 Southern (southwestern) Bohemia 43, 45 f. southern front 34 Southern Moravia 45 f. Southern Slavs 15 22 f.,
230 Index Sozial Demokrat (newspaper) Spann, Othmar 198 f. 143 Spartakist 45 Spina, Franz 112, 114,125-127, 136f., 140, 148,151,160,163, 169 f., 177, 182,194, 201f„ 206 Šrámek, Monsignor Jan 106, 111, 114,117, 130, 149,170, 178 Šrobár, Vávro 68, 70 St. Petersburg 29 supranational state system 51 Supreme Military Command 33 Švehla, Antonín 32, 35 f., 41, 43, 58, 68 f., 71, 74, 76, 82f., 85-87, 90f„ 96,105, 110,114, 117, 124,126-130,134,138, 140f., 144f., 149-152,155-161, 163f., 167,170, 178,180 - Švehla government 130, 132,134,137, 152, 162, 178, 193 - Švehla's key 41, 70 St. Vacláv’ 205 state language 76 f. Switzerland state rights 9 State Statistical Council for Preparation of the Census 175 Taaffe, Eduard 15 f., 158 - Taaffe cabinet 15 - Taaffe government 15 Tabor 88 tariff legislation 154 Tariff Majority 153-155,159 Taub, Siegfried 143 tax reform 134 Tchechoslovakische Korrespondenz (periodi cal) 142 - State Statistical Office 71f., 177 state’s rights 10,12 f., 16 State’s Rights Democrats 32 Štefánik, Milan Rostislav 28 Stolberg, Friedrich 207 Storm Troopers (SA) 194 f. Stoupal, Viktor 202 Straussenburg, Arthur Arz von 34 Strážnice 68 Stříbrný, Jin 36, 39, 111, 114, 129f., 141, 143, 190 Stříbro 116 Student Union 194 f. Štúr, Ľudevit 70 Stürgkh, Karl 20 Sub-Carpathian Ruthenia 134 Sudeten German 42, 49, 138,146, 152, 169, 173 f. - Sudeten German Homeland Front (SHF) 196 f„ 199-203 - Sudeten German Land Union (SLB) 171, 175 - Sudeten - Sudeten - Sudeten - Sudeten - Sudeten - Sudeten German parties 174 German Party (SdP) 191, 203 German people 191, 200 German politics 172
German Popular Front 196 German Union 147 - Sudeten Germans 49,146, 174, 207 -Sudetenland 43, 45f., 165 Šumava 183 - Šumava/Böhmerwald 23 51, 53, 81, 87, 111 Teplice 54, 84, 97, 107 - Teplice Party Conference 98 - Teplitz-Schönau/Teplice-Šanov 50 Těšín 89 Tetschen/Děřín 49 Third Communist International 109 Thirty Years War 187 Tiso, Dr. Josef 159 Tisza, Istvan 31 Topolčany 157 totalitarian state 199 traditional land administration 89f., 159 treason 35,136 f., 155, 179 f. Treaty of St. Germain 55 Třebíč 89 trench warfare 47 Tribuna (newspaper) 116,121f., 142 troops 48 f. Trutnov 116 - Trutnova 88 Tschuppik, Walter 108 Tuka, Vojtěch 179 f. Turnov 89 Turnverband 196-198,200
Index Tusar, Vlastimil 32-37, 57f., 62, 90f„ 96-98, 100-105 - Tusar government 58 - 61, 63 - 65, 71, 75, 96 f., 100,104, 109, 127 Twenty-One Conditions 105,109 Udržal, František 170,179-182 - Udržal government 178,182 Uherské Hradiště 89 ultra-nationalist(s) 16, 25, 44, 99,106,111, 128,172 unemployment 134 f., 189 f., 193 Union of Industrialists 35 United States 28, 30 f., 49,159 unity government 182 universal suffrage 63, 94 university in Prague 15 Upper Austria 23 Ústí nad Labem 22 f, 49,116 Večerní České Slovo (newspaper) 45 Večerník Českého Slova (newspaper) 121 Venetia 11 Veselý, František Victor Emmanuel 73 f. 11 Vienna 8f„ 12 f„ 18, 28, 32 f., 35-39, 42 f., 45, 49, 53 f., 90, 158 -Viennese government 37f., 52 -Viennese secretariat of the Yugoslav dele gation 36 Világos 10 Viškovský, Dr. Karel 170,180 Vltava 101 Volkssport 194-196 Vrchlabí 88 Wallenstein conspiracy 187 war loans 123,127 f., 138 Washington 31 — weapons 136, 195 - weapons caches 53 Weiss, Ernst 109 Wenceslas Square 108,189f. western Adriatic 9 Western Bohemia 22 Wilson, President Woodrow 29, 31, 36 - Wilson’s Fourteen Points 31,100 Windischgrätz, General 44 Winter, Lev 151 Wolf, Privy Councilor 52, 61, 63 ‘Women of Shame’ 108 workers 12, 22, 50 f., 57, 102,110, 134, 144,155, 183, 201 - workers’ councils 97 - workers’ parties 98 working class 51 f. Working Group 126, 129 f., 139 f. World War (I) 14, 25, 27, 100, 118 wounded Germans 116 written language 66 written Slovak language 70 Yiddish 176 Young Czechs 16,19 Yugoslavs) 9, 31 f., 34, 50 - Yugoslav Club 32 - Yugoslavia 47, 49,154 Zagreb 34,36
Zahradník, Bohdan 68 f., 74 f. Zajíček, Deputy 195, 207 Zanantoni, General 38 Záruba-Pfeffermann, Josef 86-88 Žatec 116 - Źatec/Saaz 198 Žerav, Dr. 32 f. Zionists Znojmo 176 88 231 |
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| author_facet | Thomas, Stephen M. 19XX-2015 Alexander, Karen 1951- Pištalo, Vladimir 1960- Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall 1931- |
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| era | Geschichte 1918-1938 gnd Geschichte 1848-1938 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1918-1938 Geschichte 1848-1938 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Tschechoslowakei |
| id | DE-604.BV047446892 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T18:02:29Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-16T15:02:02Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783110749403 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032848948 |
| oclc_num | 1286880761 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-M352 DE-12 DE-B1595 DE-B496 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-M352 DE-12 DE-B1595 DE-B496 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | VII, 231 Seiten 1 Karte |
| psigel | DHB_IFZ BSB_NED_20220304 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | De Gruyter Oldenbourg |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Thomas, Stephen M. 19XX-2015 Verfasser (DE-588)1251412327 aut Through an ethnic prism Germans, Czechs and the creation of Czechoslovakia Stephen M. Thomas ; edited by Karen Alexander, Vladimir Pistalo and Elizabeth Marshall Thomas ; with an introduction by Pedrag Markovic Berlin ; Boston De Gruyter Oldenbourg [2022] © 2022 VII, 231 Seiten 1 Karte txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1918-1938 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1848-1938 gnd rswk-swf Sudetendeutsche (DE-588)4058386-7 gnd rswk-swf Tschechen (DE-588)4061083-4 gnd rswk-swf Ethnizität (DE-588)4220764-2 gnd rswk-swf Deutsche (DE-588)4070334-4 gnd rswk-swf Gründung (DE-588)4020642-7 gnd rswk-swf Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd rswk-swf Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 g Ethnizität (DE-588)4220764-2 s Tschechen (DE-588)4061083-4 s Deutsche (DE-588)4070334-4 s Geschichte 1918-1938 z DE-604 Sudetendeutsche (DE-588)4058386-7 s Geschichte 1848-1938 z Gründung (DE-588)4020642-7 s Alexander, Karen 1951- (DE-588)1117818438 edt Pištalo, Vladimir 1960- (DE-588)144016184 edt Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall 1931- (DE-588)115544879 edt Markovic, Pedrag win Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-3-11-074988-5 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, EPUB 978-3-11-074995-3 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032848948&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032848948&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032848948&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Thomas, Stephen M. 19XX-2015 Through an ethnic prism Germans, Czechs and the creation of Czechoslovakia Sudetendeutsche (DE-588)4058386-7 gnd Tschechen (DE-588)4061083-4 gnd Ethnizität (DE-588)4220764-2 gnd Deutsche (DE-588)4070334-4 gnd Gründung (DE-588)4020642-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4058386-7 (DE-588)4061083-4 (DE-588)4220764-2 (DE-588)4070334-4 (DE-588)4020642-7 (DE-588)4078435-6 |
| title | Through an ethnic prism Germans, Czechs and the creation of Czechoslovakia |
| title_auth | Through an ethnic prism Germans, Czechs and the creation of Czechoslovakia |
| title_exact_search | Through an ethnic prism Germans, Czechs and the creation of Czechoslovakia |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Through an ethnic prism Germans, Czechs and the creation of Czechoslovakia |
| title_full | Through an ethnic prism Germans, Czechs and the creation of Czechoslovakia Stephen M. Thomas ; edited by Karen Alexander, Vladimir Pistalo and Elizabeth Marshall Thomas ; with an introduction by Pedrag Markovic |
| title_fullStr | Through an ethnic prism Germans, Czechs and the creation of Czechoslovakia Stephen M. Thomas ; edited by Karen Alexander, Vladimir Pistalo and Elizabeth Marshall Thomas ; with an introduction by Pedrag Markovic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Through an ethnic prism Germans, Czechs and the creation of Czechoslovakia Stephen M. Thomas ; edited by Karen Alexander, Vladimir Pistalo and Elizabeth Marshall Thomas ; with an introduction by Pedrag Markovic |
| title_short | Through an ethnic prism |
| title_sort | through an ethnic prism germans czechs and the creation of czechoslovakia |
| title_sub | Germans, Czechs and the creation of Czechoslovakia |
| topic | Sudetendeutsche (DE-588)4058386-7 gnd Tschechen (DE-588)4061083-4 gnd Ethnizität (DE-588)4220764-2 gnd Deutsche (DE-588)4070334-4 gnd Gründung (DE-588)4020642-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sudetendeutsche Tschechen Ethnizität Deutsche Gründung Tschechoslowakei |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032848948&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032848948&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032848948&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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