Verfügbarkeit: The LTSpice XVII simulator

The LTSpice XVII simulator: commands and applications : manual, methods and applications

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Brocard, Gilles 1952- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Künzelsau Swiridoff Verlag March 2021
Ausgabe:	1st edition
Schriftenreihe:	Würth Elektronik
Schlagworte:	LTspice XVII Schaltung Simulation
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	784 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 x 16.5 cm
ISBN:	9783899294118 3899294114

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MARC


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240	1	0	\|a LTspice XVII Manuel de référence
245	1	0	\|a The LTSpice XVII simulator \|b commands and applications : manual, methods and applications \|c author: Gilles Brocard ; publisher: Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG
250			\|a 1st edition
264		1	\|a Künzelsau \|b Swiridoff Verlag \|c March 2021
264		4	\|c © 2020
300			\|a 784 Seiten \|b Illustrationen, Diagramme \|c 24 x 16.5 cm
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Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_	1804182731581554688
adam_text	INDEX WHY A NEW BOOK FOR LTSPICE XVII? .................................................................................................................... 18 PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................................... 20 1 WHAT S NEW IN LTSPICE XVII ............................................................................................................. 21 1.1 WHAT S NEW IN THE NEW LTSPICE XVII VERSION ................................................................................................ 22 1.2 CREATING AND ADDING ATTRIBUTES TO NEW DIRECTORIES ..................................................................................... 23 1.2.1 LTSPICE SYMBOL ................................................................................................................................................ 23 1.3 LTSPICE XVII DIALOGUE IMPROVED ON WINDOWS .............................................................................................. 26 1.4 NEW FEATURES IN THE INPUT GRAPHICAL INTERFACE ............................................................................................... 28 1.5 EASIER ACCESS TO THE EYE DIAGRAM ................................................................................................................. 32 1.6 RANDOM STATE MACHINE ................................................................................................................................... 33 1.7 BRIEFLY REVISITING LTSPICE IV ............................................................................................................................ 36 2 FUNCTIONALITY AND FIRST EXAMPLE ....................................................................................................... 37 2.1 FIRST USE OF LTSPICE XVII ............................................................................................................................... 37 2.1.1 RUNNING LTSPICE XVII ON WINDOWS .............................................................................................................. 37 2.2 FUNCTIONALITY OF LTSPICE XVII .......................................................................................................................... 38 2.3 MENUS OF THE LTSPICE XVII LAUNCH PHASE ..................................................................................................... 38 2.3.1 FILE MENU ....................................................................................................................................................... 40 2.3.2 VIEW MENU ....................................................................................................................................................... 40 2.3.3 TOOLS MENU ..................................................................................................................................................... 40 2.3.4 HELP MENU: COMMON TO ALL OPERATION PHASES OF LTSPICE XVII ................................................................... 41 2.3.5 POP-UP MENU OF THE LAUNCH PAGE ................................................................................................................. 41 2.4 A DETAILED EXAMPLE DESCRIBED STEP BY STEP ................................................................................................ 43 2.4.1 ENTERING A SCHEMATIC .................................................................................................................................... 47 2.4.2 CONFIGURING COMPONENTS ............................................................................................................................... 55 2.4.3 CONFIGURING A SIMULATION ............................................................................................................................... 61 2.4.4 FIRST FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS ..................................................................................................................... 64 2.4.5 TEMPORAL MEASUREMENTS ............................................................................................................................... 64 2.4.6 FFT MEASUREMENTS ......................................................................................................................................... 68 2.4.7 HARMONIC DISTORTION MEASUREMENTS ............................................................................................................ 69 2.4.8 MAXIMUM AMPLITUDES BEFORE CLIPPING ......................................................................................................... 71 2.4.9 ZOOMING INTO A PART OF THE CURVE TO OBSERVE A FAULT ................................................................................. 74 2.4.10 TO CONCLUDE THIS FIRST APPROACH ................................................................................................................... 76 3 SCHEMATICS GRAPHICAL EDITOR ........................................................................................................... 77 3.1 THE COMMANDS OF LTSPICE XVII ..................................................................................................................... 77 3.2 THE SCHEMATICS GRAPHICAL EDITORS ................................................................................................................. 77 3.2.1 FILE MENU ....................................................................................................................................................... 77 3.2.2 EDIT MENU ....................................................................................................................................................... 79 3.2.3 HIERARCHY MENU ............................................................................................................................................. 82 3.2.4 VIEW MENU ....................................................................................................................................................... 83 5 3.2.5 SIMULATE MENU ................................................................................................................................................. 86 3.2.6 TOOLS MENU ..................................................................................................................................................... 88 3.2.7 WINDOW MENU (ORGANISING DISPLAY WINDOWS) .............................................................................................. 90 3.2.8 HELP MENU ........................................................................................................................................................ 91 3.2.9 POP-UP MENU OF THE SCHEMATICS GRAPHICAL EDITOR ....................................................................................... 91 3.3 COMPONENT DATABASES .................................................................................................................................. 99 3.4 CREATING A NEW SCHEMATIC ................................................................................................................................ 100 3.4.1 OPENING THE SCHEMATICS GRAPHICAL EDITOR ........................................................................................................ 100 3.4.2 PLACING THE FIRST ELEMENTS ON THE SCHEMATIC PAGE ....................................................................................... 101 3.4.3 THE MAIN COMMANDS OF THE SCHEMATICS EDITOR .............................................................................................. 102 3.4.4 INTERCONNECT THE ELEMENTS OF A SCHEMATIC ..................................................................................................... 104 3.4.5 ENTERING A COMPONENT VALUE OR CHARACTERISTIC .............................................................................................. 105 3.4.6 ENTERING COMPONENT VALUES USING THE ATTRIBUTE EDITOR .................................................................................. 108 3.4.7 ENRICHING THE SCHEMATIC (OPTIONAL) ................................................................................................................. 109 3.4.8 ADDING THE SIMULATION, THE SOURCE AND THE (OPTIONAL) DIRECTIVES ................................................................. 110 3.4.9 SAVING YOUR SCHEMATIC ..................................................................................................................................... 110 3.4.10 LAUNCH THE SIMULATION ....................................................................................................................................... 111 3.5 REVISITING THE SCHEMATICS EDITOR USAGE RULES .................................................................................................. 111 3.5.1 TWO POINTS DESERVE YOUR FULL ATTENTION ............................................................................................................. 111 3.5.2 EXPORTING A SCHEMATIC ....................................................................................................................................... 112 4 SYNTAX AND COMPONENT EDITOR ...........................................................................................................113 4.1 GENERAL SYNTAX RULES OF LTSPICE XVII ............................................................................................................... 113 4.2 COMPONENT VALUE EDITORS .................................................................................................................................. 115 4.3 PROCEDURES TO ACCESS COMMON OR COMPLEX COMPONENT MODELS ................................................................. 119 4.3.1 MODIFYING A COMPONENT S CURRENT VALUES ........................................................................................................ 119 4.3.2 DISPLAYING COMPONENT ATTRIBUTES AND MODIFYING COMPONENT VALUES .......................................................... 124 4.4 USAGE OF THE ATTRIBUTE EDITOR LINES .................................................................................................................... 127 4.5 DISPLAYING THE ATTRIBUTES OF A COMPONENT USING TWO MODELS ...................................................................... 128 5 SYMBOL EDITOR AND HIERARCHICAL LINKS ..............................................................................................132 5.1 SYMBOL EDITOR MENU ......................................................................................................................................... 132 5.1.1 FILE MENU ............................................................................................................................................................ 132 5.1.2 EDIT MENU .......................................................................................................................................................... 132 5.1.3 HIERARCHY MENU ................................................................................................................................................. 133 5.1.4 DRAW MENU ........................................................................................................................................................ 133 5.1.5 VIEW MENU .......................................................................................................................................................... 133 5.1.6 TOOLS MENU ......................................................................................................................................................... 133 5.1.7 WINDOW MENU (ORGANISING DISPLAY WINDOWS) ................................................................................................ 134 5.1.8 HELP MENU ........................................................................................................................................................... 134 5.1.9 POP-UP MENU OF THE SYMBOL EDITOR ................................................................................................................. 134 5.2 FIRST STEP: DRAW THE SYMBOL ............................................................................................................................. 134 5.3 SECOND STEP: ADD CONNECTION PINS ................................................................................................................. 134 5.4 THIRD STEP: ADDING OR MODIFYING ATTRIBUTES ..................................................................................................... 135 5.5 POSSIBLE CALLS BY A SYMBOL ................................................................................................................................ 137 6 5.6 VISIBLE ATTRIBUTES ATTACHED TO THE SYMBOL ....................................................................................................... 139 5.7 AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF SYMBOLS FROM A SCHEMATIC SECTION ...................................................................... 140 5.8 AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF SYMBOLS FROM A NETLIST ........................................................................................... 141 5.9 HIERARCHICAL LINKS IN LTSPICE XVII ................................................................................................................... 146 5.10 HIERARCHY USAGE RULES ....................................................................................................................................... 147 5.10.1 A METHOD THAT RESEMBLES RUSSIAN DOLLS .......................................................................................................... 147 5.11 RULES TO FOLLOW FOR A HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE ................................................................................................... 147 5.11.1 HIERARCHY OF LEVELS ........................................................................................................................................... 149 5.12 HIERARCHY MENU COMMANDS ............................................................................................................................. 150 5.13 EXAMPLE: DEVELOPMENT OF A TWO-LEVEL SIMPLE HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE .......................................................... 150 5.13.1 SCREEN 1: A SUB-CIRCUIT MODEL ........................................................................................................................ 151 5.13.2 SCREEN 2: A SECONDARY SCHEMATIC ................................................................................................................... 151 5.13.3 SCREEN 3: THE MAIN SCHEMATIC ........................................................................................................................ 152 5.13.4 SCREEN 4: SIMULATION OF THE MAIN SCHEMATIC ................................................................................................ 152 5.14 EXPORTING THE HIERARCHY DIRECTORY ................................................................................................................... 152 5.15 INTERACTION BETWEEN THE LOW AND THE HIGH LEVEL ........................................................................................... 153 6 NETLIST EDITOR ........................................................................................................................................154 6.1 HISTORICAL ORIGIN OF NETLISTS ............................................................................................................................... 154 6.2 NETLIST, A MANDATORY PASSAGE .......................................................................................................................... 154 6.3 STRUCTURE, SYNTAX AND CONVENTIONS OF NETLISTS ................................................................................................ 154 6.4 EXAMPLE OF A NETLIST ......................................................................................................................................... 155 6.5 NETLIST EDITOR MENUS ......................................................................................................................................... 156 6.5.1 EDIT MENU .......................................................................................................................................................... 156 6.5.2 VIEW MENU .......................................................................................................................................................... 156 6.5.3 SIMULATE MENU .................................................................................................................................................. 156 6.5.4 NETLIST EDITOR POP-UP MENU ............................................................................................................................. 156 6.6 EDITING A NETLIST ................................................................................................................................................ 157 6.7 SYNTAX OF THE NETLIST FILE .CIR, .NET OR ,SP .......................................................................................................... 158 6.8 HOW TO OPEN THE NETLIST EDITOR FROM A SCHEMATIC ......................................................................................... 158 6.9 RUNNING A NETLIST ............................................................................................................................................. 162 6.10 EXPORTING A NETLIST CORRESPONDING TO A SCHEMATIC ......................................................................................... 163 6.11 SYSTEM COMMANDS USED IN NETLISTS .............................................................................................................. 164 7 GRAPHICAL EDITOR AND NUMERICAL OUTPUT ...........................................................................................165 7.1 DISPLAYING SIMULATION COMPUTATION RESULTS ..................................................................................................... 165 7.2 HOW TO SELECT MEASUREMENT POINTS ON YOUR SCHEMATIC ............................................................................... 165 7.3 HOW TO DISPLAY A MEASUREMENT ON THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE ........................................................................ 165 7.3.1 VIEWING A VOLTAGE REFERENCED TO GROUND ....................................................................................................... 166 7.3.2 VIEWING A CURRENT ............................................................................................................................................. 166 7.3.3 VIEWING A DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE (NOT REFERENCED TO GROUND) ............................................................................. 166 7.3.4 DELETING PRIOR TRACES ......................................................................................................................................... 167 7.3.5 SELECTIVELY DELETING ONE OR MORE TRACES ......................................................................................................... 167 7.3.6 DISPLAYING INSTANTANEOUS POWER ..................................................................................................................... 167 7 7.3.7 DISPLAYING THE AVERAGE POWER AND THE INTEGRAL OF THE ENERGY OVER THE DISPLAYED PERIOD ......................... 168 7.3.8 DISPLAYING THE AVERAGE VOLTAGE, THE AVERAGE CURRENT OR THE TRUE RMS VALUE .......................................... 168 7.4 USING THE MENUS ............................................................................................................................................ 169 7.4.1 VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE EDITOR AND FFT ANALYSIS ................................................................................................ 169 7.4.2 FILE MENU ........................................................................................................................................................ 170 7.4.3 VIEW MENU ........................................................................................................................................................ 170 7.4.4 PLOT SETTINGS MENU (VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE CONFIGURATION) ............................................................................. 171 7.4.5 SIMULATION MENU (RUNNING THE SIMULATION) ................................................................................................... 173 7.4.6 TOOLS MENU ..................................................................................................................................................... 173 7.4.7 WINDOW MENU ................................................................................................................................................ 174 7.4.8 HELP MENU ........................................................................................................................................................ 174 7.4.9 VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE POP-UP MENU ................................................................................................................. 174 7.5 CHOOSING WHICH MEASUREMENTS TO DISPLAY ................................................................................................... 175 7.6 ADDING AN ADDITIONAL TRACE OR PANE ............................................................................................................... 177 7.6.1 ADDING AN ADDITIONAL TRACE ............................................................................................................................. 177 7.6.2 ADDING AN ADDITIONAL PANE ............................................................................................................................. 179 7.7 ZOOM FUNCTIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 179 7.8 MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS IN THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE ................................................................................. 179 7.9 REQUEST THE CALCULATION OF A MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION ............................................................................. 180 7.9.1 MODIFYING THE APPEARANCE OF A TRACE ............................................................................................................ 181 7.10 USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS .................................................................................................................................. 181 7.11 AXIS SCALE MODIFICATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 183 7.11.1 VERTICAL AXIS SCALES ......................................................................................................................................... 183 7.11.2 HORIZONTAL AXIS SCALES .................................................................................................................................... 184 7.12 USING THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE IN X-Y MODE ................................................................................................ 185 7.13 POP-UP MENU AND SCALES ............................................................................................................................... 186 7.14 OTHER SETTINGS FOR SCALES ............................................................................................................................... 187 7.14.1 LEFT VERTICAL SCALE ........................................................................................................................................... 188 7.14.2 DISPLAYING ONLY THE PHASE ............................................................................................................................. 188 7.14.3 RIGHT VERTICAL SCALE ......................................................................................................................................... 189 7.15 MANAGING THE MULTI-TRACE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE ........................................................................................... 190 7.16 INFORMATION CONCERNING THE TRACES OF THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE ................................................................... 192 7.17 OTHER ARRANGEMENTS OF THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE TRACES ............................................................................... 194 7.18 COLOUR CONTROLS OF THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE .................................................................................................. 194 7.19 TWO MEASUREMENT CURSORS ............................................................................................................................. 196 7.19.1 PLACEMENT OF MEASUREMENT CURSORS ON CURVES ........................................................................................... 197 7.20 DISPLAY OF COORDINATES ON THE BOTTOM BAR .................................................................................................. 199 7.21 SAVING THE CONFIGURATION OF THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE .................................................................................. 200 7.22 FASTER LOADING OF FILES .................................................................................................................................... 201 7.23 RAM MEMORY AND ADDRESS SPACE ................................................................................................................. 202 7.24 PRESENTATION OF THE SPICE ERROR LOG BUFFER FILE ........................................................................................... 202 7.25 THE .FOUR COMMAND .................................................................................................................................... 202 7.26 THE COMBINATION OF THE .STEP AND .MEAS COMMANDS ............................................................................... 206 7.26.1 COMPUTATION STEPS USING THE .MEAS COMMAND ......................................................................................... 209 7.26.2 LEVEL 2 DISPLAY WITH THE SPICE ERROR LOG FILE ............................................................................................. 211 8 7.27 CONTROLLER ADJUSTMENT ...................................................................................................................................... 216 7.27.1 MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE .................................................................................................................................... 216 7.28 CHOOSING THE RESOLUTION OF THE .STEP LOOP CORRECTLY .................................................................................... 224 8 THE COMMANDS ................................................................................................................................... 228 8.1 COMMAND DEFINITION ......................................................................................................................................... 228 8.1.1 THE COMMAND EDITOR ......................................................................................................................................... 228 8.1.2 COMMAND SYNTAX ............................................................................................................................................. 232 8.1.3 FIRST SYNTAX RULE ................................................................................................................................................ 233 8.1.4 SECOND SYNTAX RULE ............................................................................................................................................ 233 8.1.5 THIRD SYNTAX RULE ................................................................................................................................................ 234 8.2 .OPTIONS PARAMETERS THAT MODIFY HOW A SIMULATION RUNS ............................................................................. 235 8.3 .IC SETTING THE INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR A TIME SIMULATION ................................................................................... 239 8.4 .SAVEBIAS SAVING A DC OPERATING POINT ......................................................................................................... 241 8.5 .LOADBIAS LOADING A DC OPERATING POINT ......................................................................................................... 242 8.6 .NET COMPUTING NETWORK PARAMETERS WITH AN AC SIMULATION ......................................................................... 242 8.7 .NODESET INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR DC ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................... 243 9 THE SIX MAIN SIMULATIONS .................................................................................................................245 9.1 PRESENTATION OF THE SIX MAIN SIMULATIONS ....................................................................................................... 245 9.1.1 DC (CONTINUOUS) SIMULATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 246 9.1.2 AC (FREQUENCY) SIMULATIONS ............................................................................................................................ 246 9.1.3 NON-LINEAR CIRCUIT SIMULATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 247 9.1.4 SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................................................................................... 247 9.2 SELECTION CRITERIA IN SIMULATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 248 9.2.1 WHEN THE CIRCUIT S ONLY EXCITATION SOURCE IS A DC VOLTAGE ............................................................................ 248 9.2.2 WHEN THE CIRCUIT S ONLY EXCITATION SOURCE IS A LOW-AMPLITUDE AC VOLTAGE .................................................... 250 9.2.3 WHEN THE CIRCUIT S ONLY EXCITATION SOURCE IS A HIGH-AMPLITUDE AC VOLTAGE (OR ANY OTHER ACTION TRIGGERING THE NON-LINEARITY OF THE CIRCUIT COMPONENTS) .............................................. 251 9.3 .OP - SIMULATION OF A DC OPERATING POINT ....................................................................................................... 251 9.4 ,DC - DC SIMULATION WITH SWEEPING (ONE TO THREE SOURCES) .......................................................................... 253 9.5 .TF - SIMULATION OF THE TRANSFER FUNCTION (GAIN, INPUT IMPEDANCE, OUTPUT IMPEDANCE) ................................. 254 9.6 .AC - SIMULATION OF AN AC SIGNAL AROUND AN OPERATING POINT ......................................................................... 257 9.7 .NOISE - NOISE SIMULATION ................................................................................................................................. 260 9.8 .TRAN - TIME SIMULATION (NON-LINEAR) .............................................................................................................. 261 9.9 .TRAN TIME SIMULATION CONFIGURATION ................................................................................................................ 264 9.9.1 CAUTION WITH THE MAXIMUM TIMESTEP VALUE .................................................................................................. 264 9.9.2 UIC PARAMETER (TIME SIMULATION) ..................................................................................................................... 270 9.9.3 STARTUP PARAMETER (TIME SIMULATION) .............................................................................................................. 271 9.9.4 STEADY PARAMETER (TIME SIMULATION) ................................................................................................................ 273 9.9.5 .NODISCARD PARAMETER (TIME SIMULATION) ......................................................................................................... 275 9.9.6 .STEP PARAMETER (TIME SIMULATION) ................................................................................................................... 276 9 10 TWO DEDICATED TYPES OF ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................... 280 10.1 DESCRIPTION OF THESE TWO TYPES OF ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................... 280 10.2 .TEMP - TEMPERATURE SWEEP SIMULATION .......................................................................................................... 280 10.3 .FOUR - EDIT THE HARMONICS IN NUMERICAL FORM ................................................................................................ 285 10.4 HOW THE FFT ANALYSIS WORKS ............................................................................................................................. 286 10.4.1 FFT CONFIGURATION .............................................................................................................................................. 286 10.4.2 CONDITIONS TO MEET TO OBTAIN A REPRESENTATIVE FFT ANALYSIS ......................................................................... 290 11 PASSIVE AND ACTIVE COMPONENTS ....................................................................................................... 303 11.1 INTRODUCTION TO USING THE PARAMETERS OF A COMPONENT MODEL ...................................................................... 303 11.2 PASSIVE COMPONENTS .......................................................................................................................................... 303 11.3 GENERIC RESISTOR R MODEL ................................................................................................................................... 304 11.4 GENERIC CAPACITOR C MODEL .............................................................................................................................. 306 11.4.1 THE STANDARD GENERIC CAPACITOR SUB-MODEL .................................................................................................... 307 11.4.2 SECOND GENERIC CAPACITOR SUB-MODEL ............................................................................................................. 309 11.5 GENERIC INDUCTOR L MODEL ................................................................................................................................ 309 11.6 ACTIVE COMPONENTS ............................................................................................................................................ 310 11.7 GENERIC DIODE D MODEL .................................................................................................................................... 310 11.7.1 THE FIRST STANDARD AND LINEAR GENERIC SUB-MODEL OF DIODE D ...................................................................... 311 11.7.2 THE SECOND NON-LINEAR GENERIC SUB-MODEL OF DIODE D .................................................................................. 312 11.7.3 THE THIRD BERKELEY GENERIC SUB-MODEL OF DIODE D (NON-LINEAR) ................................................................... 313 11.8 GENERIC BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR Q MODEL ................................................................................................................. 315 11.8.1 THE EBERS-MOLL AND GUMMEL-POON GENERIC SUB-MODELS .............................................................................. 315 11.8.2 VBIC GENERIC SUB-MODEL .................................................................................................................................. 318 11.9 GENERIC JFET J MODEL .................................................................................................................................... 322 11.10 GENERIC MOSFET M MODEL ............................................................................................................................. 324 11.11 GENERIC MODEL OF MOSFET WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION ...................................................................... 328 11.12 GENERIC MESFET Z MODEL ............................................................................................................................... 332 11.13 GENERIC IGBT MODEL ......................................................................................................................................... 334 11.14 UNIJUNCTION, PHOTOTRANSISTOR, THYRISTOR AND TRIAC TRANSISTOR MODELS .......................................................... 335 11.15 MULTIPLIER OF COMPONENTS IN PARALLEL OR IN SERIES ........................................................................................... 335 11.15.1 COMPONENTS IN PARALLEL .................................................................................................................................... 335 11.15.2 COMPONENTS IN SERIES ....................................................................................................................................... 337 12 INDUCTORS, TRANSFORMERS AND MUTUAL INDUCTION .............................................................................. 339 12.1 GENERIC INDUCTOR L MODEL (WITHOUT SATURATION) .............................................................................................. 339 12.2 COIL AND AIR-CORE INDUCTOR WITHOUT A SATURABLE MAGNETIC CIRCUIT ................................................................... 339 12.2.1 COIL AND WOUND INDUCTOR WITHOUT A MAGNETIC CIRCUIT .................................................................................... 340 12.2.2 COIL AND INDUCTOR WITH A SATURABLE MAGNETIC CIRCUIT .................................................................................... 341 12.3 GENERIC L INDUCTOR MODEL ............................................................................................................................... 343 12.3.1 GENERIC INDUCTOR SUB-MODEL (LINEAR AND WITHOUT SATURATION) ........................................................................ 343 12.3.2 DEFAULT VALUES APPLIED TO INDUCTORS BY LTSPICE .............................................................................................. 344 12.4 CHAN MODEL OF INDUCTOR L ................................................................................................................................ 345 12.4.1 MODEL WITH SATURATION AND HYSTERESIS ............................................................................................................ 345 12.4.2 FIRST GROUP OF PARAMETERS ............................................................................................................................... 346 10 12.4.3 SECOND GROUP OF PARAMETERS .......................................................................................................................... 347 12.4.4 THIRD GROUP OF PARAMETERS ............................................................................................................................... 348 12.5 THE TRANSFORMER MODEL ..................................................................................................................................... 350 12.5.1 HOW TO CREATE A TRANSFORMER USING THE STANDARD MODEL ............................................................................... 350 12.5.2 ADDING A TRANSFORMER: FIRST METHOD ................................................................................................................ 352 12.5.3 ADDING A TRANSFORMER: SECOND METHOD ......................................................................................................... 353 12.5.4 CONCLUSION ON THE TWO TRANSFORMER CREATION METHODS .................................................................................. 354 12.5.5 MULTIPLE OPERATING MODES OF A TRANSFORMER ................................................................................................... 357 12.6 TRANSFORMER WITH SATURATION AND HYSTERESIS OF MAGNETIC MATERIAL ............................................................... 358 13 IMPORTING A COMPONENT FROM THE INTERNET OR CREATING IT ............................................................... 361 13.1 MODELLED COMPONENTS COMPATIBLE WITH SPICE ............................................................................................. 361 13.1.1 MODELLED COMPONENTS COMPATIBLE WITH LTSPICE ........................................................................................... 361 13.1.2 COMPOSITION OF A MODEL ................................................................................................................................... 362 13.2 VARIOUS WEBSITES ............................................................................................................................................. 362 13.3 THE NXP WEBSITE ............................................................................................................................................. 363 13.4 CACHAN TECHNICAL COLLEGE S DOWNLOAD WEBSITE ............................................................................................. 369 13.5 THE TEXAS INSTRUMENTS WEBSITE ..................................................................................................................... 371 13.6 DOWNLOAD WEBSITES ........................................................................................................................................... 373 13.6.1 THE LTWIKI.ORG WEBSITE ................................................................................................................................... 374 13.6.2 THE GROUPS.IO WEBSITE: LTSPICE ..................................................................................................................... 378 13.6.3 LIST OF MANUFACTURER WEBSITES PROVIDING SPICE MODELS ............................................................................... 378 13.7 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A MODEL AND A SUB-CIRCUIT ........................................................................................... 379 13.7.1 THE MODEL ......................................................................................................................................................... 379 13.7.2 THE SUB-CIRCUIT .................................................................................................................................................. 381 13.8 HOW TO MODIFY A MODEL .................................................................................................................................... 383 13.8.1 OBSERVATION ON THE CREATION OF MODELS ......................................................................................................... 383 13.9 HOW IS A NEW MODEL ADDED TO LTSPICE? .......................................................................................................... 384 13.9.1 FIRST METHOD: ADDING A MODEL TO AN EXISTING LIBRARY .................................................................................... 384 13.9.2 SECOND METHOD: ADDING A MODEL TO A DIRECTORY ON THE HARD DRIVE .............................................................. 388 13.9.3 THIRD METHOD: ADDING A MODEL DIRECTLY TO THE SCHEMATIC ............................................................................. 389 13.9.4 A FEW GUIDELINES REGARDING THE THREE METHODS ............................................................................................. 390 13.10 HOW TO ADD A SUB-CIRCUIT ................................................................................................................................. 390 13.10.1 FIRST METHOD: ADDING A SYMBOL TO THE SYMBOL DIRECTORY ............................................................................... 391 13.10.2 SECOND METHOD: REUSING A SCHEMATIC SYMBOL ............................................................................................. 395 13.10.3 THIRD METHOD: ADDING THE NEW COMPONENTS TO THE SCHEMATIC ................................................................... 396 13.10.4 AUTOMATIC SYMBOL CREATION FROM THE NETLIST .................................................................................................. 400 13.10.5 AUTOMATIC SYMBOL CREATION FROM THE SUB-CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC ........................................................................ 400 13.10.6 CREATING A SYMBOL BY MODIFYING THE ATTRIBUTES OF AN EXISTING SYMBOL ....................................................... 402 13.11 STEP-BY-STEP SUB-CIRCUIT CREATION .................................................................................................................. 405 13.11.1 CREATION OF A SUB-CIRCUIT USING THE AUTOMATIC GENERATOR IN 14 SIMPLE STEPS ........................................... 405 13.11.2 CREATION OF A SUB-CIRCUIT USING THE REASSIGNED SRC SYMBOL IN 16 SIMPLE STEPS ...................................... 405 13.11.3 SECOND EXAMPLE: CREATING A CONFIGURABLE SUB-CIRCUIT ................................................................................. 406 13.12 USING MODELS AND SUB-CIRCUITS ....................................................................................................................... 413 13.13 .LIB AND .INC COMMANDS ................................................................................................................................. 413 11 14 THE COMMANDS .FUNC, .MEAS, .PARAM, .STEP AND AKO ................................................................ 415 14.1 THE COMMANDS ................................................................................................................................................ 415 14.2 THE .FUNC COMMAND ....................................................................................................................................... 416 14.2.1 FIRST EXAMPLE ................................................................................................................................................... 416 14.2.2 BENEFITS OF USING THE .FUNC COMMANDS ....................................................................................................... 418 14.2.3 SECOND EXAMPLE ................................................................................................................................................ 418 14.3 THE .MEAS COMMAND ....................................................................................................................................... 419 14.3.1 FIRST USE: COMPUTATION USING OFF-CURVE VARIABLES ......................................................................................... 420 14.3.2 SECOND USE: COMPUTATION USING A SINGLE CURVE VALUE .................................................................................. 421 14.3.3 THIRD USE: COMPUTATION USING ALL THE CURVE VALUES ...................................................................................... 423 14.3.4 SEVEN EXAMPLES FOR THE USE OF THE .MEAS COMMAND .................................................................................. 425 14.4 CURLY BRACKETS, .PARAM, AKO AND .STEP COMMANDS ...................................................................................... 433 14.5 CURLY BRACKETS ................................................................................................................................................... 434 14.6 THE .PARAM COMMAND AND THE PARAM FUNCTION ......................................................................................... 437 14.7 THE .STEP COMMAND ......................................................................................................................................... 440 14.7.1 BE CAREFUL NOT TO RUN TOO MANY LOOPS ............................................................................................................ 440 14.7.2 THE .STEP COMMAND IS POWERFUL ...................................................................................................................... 440 14.7.3 THE ORDER OF EXECUTION OF MULTIPLE LOOPS ....................................................................................................... 441 14.7.4 EXAMPLE 1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 442 14.7.5 EXAMPLE 2 .......................................................................................................................................................... 443 14.7.6 EXAMPLE 3 .......................................................................................................................................................... 446 14.7.7 EXAMPLE 4 .......................................................................................................................................................... 448 14.8 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS REGARDING THE .STEP COMMAND .......................................................................... 450 14.8.1 CAN A SIMULATION COMPUTATION BE AUTOMATED? .............................................................................................. 450 14.8.2 HOW ARE SIMULATIONS PERFORMED WITH THE TEMPERATURE? ............................................................................... 450 14.8.3 HOW IS A SIMULATION CONFIGURED WITH A COMPONENT VALUE? .......................................................................... 453 14.8.4 HOW TO CREATE A PARAMETRIC SIMULATION WITH A SOURCE .................................................................................. 454 14.8.5 HOW TO CREATE A THREE-LEVEL PARAMETRIC SIMULATION ...................................................................................... 454 14.8.6 THE SELECT STEP COMMAND IN THE POP-UP MENU ........................................................................................... 457 14.8.7 HOW CAN CURVE VALUES BE IDENTIFIED ? ............................................................................................................ 459 14.8.8 HOW CAN THE ORDER OF SEVERAL NESTED .STEP LOOPS BE CHANGED? ................................................................... 462 14.8.9 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF INCREMENTS OF A .STEP LOOP ......................................................................................... 463 14.8.10 DIFFERENT WAYS A .STEP LOOP CAN BE INCREMENTED ........................................................................................... 464 14.8.11 LOOP DEFINED PER DECADE WITH A LOGARITHMIC DISTRIBUTION .............................................................................. 464 14.8.12 LOOP DEFINED PER OCTAVE WITH A LOGARITHMIC DISTRIBUTION ............................................................................. 464 14.8.13 LOOP WITH A LINEAR DISTRIBUTION OF INTERVALS ..................................................................................................... 465 14.8.14 LOOP WITH A LIST OF INCREMENT VALUES .............................................................................................................. 465 14.8.15 HOW CAN .STEP LOOP VARIATION UNITS BE INCLUDED IN THE X-AXIS? ................................................................... 466 14.8.16 HOW CAN NON-NUMERICAL VALUES BE INCREMENTED? ......................................................................................... 466 14.8.17 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE .STEP COMMAND ................................................................................. 467 14.8.18 MAXIMUM NUMBER LIMIT FOR A SINGLE .STEP LOOP ............................................................................................. 468 12 15 THE AKO: COMMANDS: .FOUR .WAVE .MODEL .SUBCKT .INCLUDE .LIB .IC .SAVE .................. 470 15.1 THE AKO: FUNCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 470 15.1.1 THE AKO: COMMAND (TYPE CHANGER) ................................................................................................................ 470 15.1.2 FIRST EXAMPLE: CHANGING A MODEL PARAMETER ............................................................................................... 471 15.1.3 SECOND EXAMPLE: CHANGING SEVERAL MODEL PARAMETERS ................................................................................ 473 15.1.4 THIRD EXAMPLE: CHANGING 7 PARAMETERS USING 3 .STEP LOOPS ......................................................................... 475 15.1.5 FOURTH EXAMPLE: CHANGING THE COMPONENT MODEL ......................................................................................... 476 15.2 THE .FOUR COMMAND ...................................................................................................................................... 479 15.3 THE .WAVE COMMAND ...................................................................................................................................... 480 15.4 THE .MODEL COMMAND ................................................................................................................................... 481 15.5 THE .SUBCKT COMMAND ................................................................................................................................. 483 15.6 THE .INCLUDE AND .LIB COMMANDS ................................................................................................................ 484 15.7 THE .IC COMMAND ............................................................................................................................................. 485 15.8 THE .SAVE COMMAND ........................................................................................................................................ 486 16 THE .OPTIONS COMMAND AND THE CONTROL PANEL ................................................................................. 488 16.1 THE .OPTIONS COMMAND ................................................................................................................................. 488 16.1.1 EYE DIAGRAM CONTROL PARAMETERS (TRANSMISSION) ............................................................................................ 490 16.1.2 TRANSIENT SIMULATION CONTROL PARAMETERS (NON-LINEAR SIGNALS) ...................................................................... 490 16.1.3 CONTROL PARAMETERS OF THE .MEAS COMMAND .................................................................................................. 490 16.1.4 CONTROL AND CONVERGENCE HELP PARAMETERS .................................................................................................. 491 16.1.5 NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD CONTROL PARAMETERS ............................................................................................. 492 16.1.6 SAVING AND COMPRESSION CONTROL PARAMETERS ................................................................................................ 492 16.1.7 COMPONENT CONTROL PARAMETERS ..................................................................................................................... 493 16.1.8 CONTROL PARAMETERS OF DC BIAS SIMULATIONS ................................................................................................... 493 16.1.9 GENERAL CONTROL PARAMETERS ............................................................................................................................. 494 16.1.10 NEW PARAMETERS IN LTSPICE XVII .................................................................................................................. 495 16.2 THE NINE TABS OF THE CONTROL PANEL ................................................................................................................. 495 16.2.1 COMPRESSION TAB ............................................................................................................................................. 496 16.2.2 SAVE TAB ........................................................................................................................................................... 497 16.2.3 SPICE TAB ......................................................................................................................................................... 499 16.2.4 DRAFTING TAB ...................................................................................................................................................... 503 16.2.5 NETLIST TAB ......................................................................................................................................................... 505 16.2.6 TOOLS/CONTROL PANEL/SYM. & LIB. SEARCH PATHS OPERATION TAB ...................................................................... 506 16.2.7 WAVEFORM TAB .................................................................................................................................................... 509 16.2.8 OPERATION TAB .................................................................................................................................................... 510 16.2.9 HACKSTAB ........................................................................................................................................................ 511 16.2.10 INTERNET TAB ...................................................................................................................................................... 513 16.3 KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS .......................................................................................................................................... 514 16.4 COLOR SELECTION TAB: COLOR PREFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 518 16.5 OPENING AN EDITOR ............................................................................................................................................ 520 13 17 VOLTAGE AND CURRENT SOURCE EDITOR ..................................................................................................... 521 17.1 TWO TYPES OF SOURCE AND TWO EDITORS .............................................................................................................. 521 17.2 TWO MAJOR TYPES OF SOURCE, DEPENDENT OR INDEPENDENT ............................................................................... 522 17.3 ALL SIMULATIONS NEED AN INDEPENDENT SOURCE ................................................................................................ 523 17.4 HOW TO PLACE A SOURCE ON A SCHEMATIC ........................................................................................................... 524 17.4.1 THREE INDEPENDENT SOURCES ............................................................................................................................. 524 17.4.2 NINE DEPENDENT SOURCES, SIX LINEAR AND THREE NON-LINEAR ............................................................................. 525 17.5 V - INDEPENDENT VOLTAGE SOURCE (NCVS) ....................................................................................................... 526 17.5.1 PULSE VOLTAGE SOURCE ........................................................................................................................................ 527 17.5.2 SINE VOLTAGE SOURCE (SINUSOIDAL) ...................................................................................................................... 527 17.5.3 EXP VOLTAGE SOURCE (EXPONENTIAL) ................................................................................................................... 527 17.5.4 SFFM VOLTAGE SOURCE (FREQUENCY-MODULATED) ................................................................................................ 528 17.5.5 ARBITRARY VOLTAGE SOURCE MODULATED BY A PWL COMMAND .............................................................................. 528 17.5.6 VOLTAGE SOURCE MODULATED BY A .WAV FILE ....................................................................................................... 528 17.6 I - INDEPENDENT CURRENT SOURCE (NCOS) ......................................................................................................... 529 17.6.1 PULSE CURRENT SOURCE ...................................................................................................................................... 530 17.6.2 SINE CURRENT SOURCE (SINUSOIDAL) ..................................................................................................................... 530 17.6.3 EXP CURRENT SOURCE (EXPONENTIAL) ................................................................................................................... 530 17.6.4 SFFM CURRENT SOURCE (FREQUENCY-MODULATED) ................................................................................................. 531 17.6.5 MODULATED CURRENT SOURCES ............................................................................................................................. 531 17.7 LOAD - INDEPENDENT ACTIVE LOAD (CSVL) ......................................................................................................... 533 17.8 THE INDEPENDENT SOURCE EDITOR ........................................................................................................................ 534 17.8.1 CONFIGURATION OF THE FREQUENCY SWEEP OF AN INDEPENDENT SOURCE FOR AN AC SIMULATION ............................ 536 17.8.2 CONFIGURATION OF INDEPENDENT SOURCES FOR A DC SIMULATION (LOW AMPLITUDES) ........................................... 537 17.8.3 CONFIGURATION OF INDEPENDENT SOURCES FOR AN AC SIMULATION (LOW AMPLITUDES) ......................................... 541 17.9 DEPENDENT SOURCES ........................................................................................................................................... 568 17.10 E - VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED VOLTAGE SOURCE (VCVS) ................................................................................................ 568 17.10.1 FIRST MODEL: THE TRANSFER FUNCTION IS A CONSTANT ........................................................................................... 569 17.10.2 SECOND MODEL: THE TRANSFER FUNCTION IS A TABLE OF VALUE PAIRS ..................................................................... 571 17.10.3 THIRD MODEL: THE TRANSFER FUNCTION IS A LAPLACE TRANSFORM IN PARAMETERS ................................................ 572 17.11 F - CURRENT-CONTROLLED CURRENT SOURCE (CCCS) ............................................................................................. 574 17.12 G - VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED CURRENT SOURCE (VCCS) ............................................................................................. 577 17.12.1 FIRST MODEL ....................................................................................................................................................... 578 17.12.2 SECOND MODEL .................................................................................................................................................. 578 17.12.3 THIRD MODEL ....................................................................................................................................................... 578 17.13 H - CURRENT-CONTROLLED VOLTAGE SOURCE (CCVS) ............................................................................................. 579 17.14 VOLTAGE OR CURRENT SOURCE B ............................................................................................................................ 580 17.15 B - NON-LINEAR, ARBITRARY VOLTAGE SOURCE (CVS) ............................................................................................. 580 17.16 B - ARBITRARY, NON-LINEAR CURRENT SOURCES (CCS) ........................................................................................... 582 17.17 ATTRIBUTE EDITOR FOR DEPENDENT SOURCES ......................................................................................................... 583 14 18 LOGIC AND SECONDARY FUNCTIONS ........................................................................................................ 586 18.1 SHARED CHARACTERISTICS OF LOGIC CIRCUITS ......................................................................................................... 586 18.2 STANDARD LOGIC GATES ........................................................................................................................................ 587 18.3 LOGIC GATES WITH SCHMITT TRIGGERS .................................................................................................................... 587 18.4 LOGIC FLIP-FLOPS .................................................................................................................................................. 588 18.4.1 SRFLOP ................................................................................................................................................................ 588 18.4.2 DFLOP .................................................................................................................................................................. 588 18.5 PHASEDET: PHASE DETECTOR WITH CURRENT OUTPUT ............................................................................................. 589 18.6 SAMPLEHOLD: SAMPLE AND HOLD ....................................................................................................................... 592 18.6.1 FIRST MODE - S/H COMMAND ............................................................................................................................ 593 18.6.2 SECOND MODE - CLK COMMAND ..................................................................................................................... 594 18.7 MODULATE AND MODULATE2: FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE MODULATOR ................................................................ 594 18.8 THE EYE DIAGRAM AND THE BAUDRATE FUNCTION .............................................................................................. 598 18.9 CONFIGURING THE .AC LIST X-AXIS ..................................................................................................................... 607 18.9.1 EXAMPLEONE .................................................................................................................................................... 608 18.9.2 EXAMPLE TWO .................................................................................................................................................... 610 18.10 ENCRYPTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 612 18.11 OPTIONS TO ADD WHEN STARTING LTSPICE XVII .................................................................................................... 615 18.12 RESERVED WORDS ............................................................................................................................................... 616 18.13 COMPUTATION PRECISION WITH LTSPICE XVII .................................................................................................... 616 18.13.1 DISTRIBUTION OF THE 64 BITS .............................................................................................................................. 616 18.13.2 LIMIT OF THIS OPTION .......................................................................................................................................... 616 18.13.3 INCREASING THE PRECISION ................................................................................................................................. 617 18.14 ATTRIBUTION TABLE OF THE GENERIC COMPONENT MODEL ...................................................................................... 617 18.15 S AND W CONTROLLED SWITCHES ......................................................................................................................... 618 18.16 S - VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED SWITCH (TWO MODELS) .................................................................................................. 619 18.16.1 FIRST STANDARD MODEL LEVEL=1 ....................................................................................................................... 621 18.16.2 SECOND COMPLETE MODEL LEVEL=2 .................................................................................................................. 622 18.17 W - CURRENT-CONTROLLED SWITCH (ONE MODEL) .................................................................................................. 623 18.18 0 - LOSSY TRANSMISSION LINE (ONE MODEL) ....................................................................................................... 628 18.19 T - LOSSLESS TRANSMISSION LINE (ONE MODEL) .................................................................................................. 629 18.20 U - RC TRANSMISSION LINE (ONE MODEL) ............................................................................................................ 630 19 MONTE CARLO AND WORST CASE ............................................................................................................ 632 19.1 MONTE CARLO OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................... 632 19.1.1 MONTE CARLO 1 (UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION AND SIMPLE SCHEMATIC) ........................................................................ 632 19.1.2 MONTE CARLO 1 ................................................................................................................................................... 633 19.1.3 MONTE CARLO 2 (GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION AND SIMPLE SCHEMATIC) ..................................................................... 634 19.1.4 MONTE CARLO 2 (GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION) ............................................................................................................ 635 19.1.5 MONTE CARLO 2 (WITH SEMICONDUCTORS, SUB-CIRCUITS OR MODELS) ................................................................... 638 19.1.6 MONTE CARLO 1 (UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION WITH SUB-CIRCUITS OR MODELS) ............................................................... 639 19.1.7 MONTE CARLO 1 (UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION AND SEMICONDUCTORS) ........................................................................... 643 19.2 WORST CASE OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................ 647 19.2.1 WORST CASE 1 (RANDOM SELECTION) .................................................................................................................. 647 19.2.2 WORST CASE 2 (AUTOMATIC SWEEP) .................................................................................................................. 647 15 19.2.3 WORST CASE 3 (EXTENDED APPLICATION) .............................................................................................................. 647 19.2.4 WORST CASE 1 (RANDOM SELECTION AND SIMPLE SCHEMATIC) ............................................................................. 648 19.2.5 WORST CASE 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 648 19.2.6 WORST CASE 2 (AUTOMATIC SWEEP AND LIMITATION TO 16 COMPONENTS) ............................................................ 651 19.2.7 WORST CASE (WITH SEMICONDUCTORS, SUB-CIRCUITS OR MODELS) ........................................................................ 658 19.2.8 WORST CASE 1 (WITH SUB-CIRCUITS OR MODELS) .................................................................................................. 659 19.2.9 WORST CASE 1 (WITH SEMICONDUCTORS) .............................................................................................................. 661 19.2.10 WORST CASE 2 (WITH MODELS AND LIMITED TO 16 COMPONENTS) ........................................................................ 663 19.2.11 WORST CASE 2 (WITH SEMICONDUCTORS, LIMITED TO 16 COMPONENTS) ............................................................... 664 19.2.12 WORST CASE 3 (NO LIMITATION, 2 RUNS REQUIRED) ................................................................................................ 664 20 SOATHERM: THERMAL MODEL FOR MOSFET WITH HEATSINK ................................................................... 690 20.1 SOATHERM FOR LTSPICE XVII ............................................................................................................................... 690 20.2 HOW TO USE THE SOATHERM MODEL WITH LTSPICE XVII ...................................................................................... 690 20.3 THE SOATHERM MODELS .................................................................................................................................... 691 20.4 HOW TO OPERATE THE SOATHERM MODEL IN LTSPICE XVII ................................................................................. 691 20.5 DOES THE SOATHERM MODEL WORK WITH ALL MOSFETS IN LTSPICE XVII? ....................................................... 691 20.6 CALLING A MOS THAT IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH SOATHERM ...................................................................................... 692 20.7 HOW TO RECOGNISE A MOS-COMPATIBLE SOATHERM ........................................................................................... 693 20.8 HOW TO ACCESS THE TERMINALS .......................................................................................................................... 696 20.9 HOW TO USE THE SECOND SOATHERM-HEATSINK MODEL .................................................................................... 703 20.10 HOW THERMAL FLUX REALLY WORKS ......................................................................................................................... 709 20.11 HOW SOATHERM MODELS WORK ........................................................................................................................... 709 20.11.1 SOATHERM-HEATSINK MODEL ............................................................................................................................. 709 20.11.2 SOATHERM-PCB MODEL ...................................................................................................................................... 710 20.12 INFLUENCE OF THE TIME CONSTANT ........................................................................................................................ 711 20.13 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HEAT SINK ..................................................................................................................... 713 20.14 HOW TO ACHIEVE THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM OF MOSFETS IN PARALLEL ..................................................................... 717 20.14.1 SCHEMATIC WITH MOSFETS IN PARALLEL .............................................................................................................. 718 20.14.2 THE FIRST SCHEMATIC (THE WORST SOLUTION) ......................................................................................................... 718 20.14.3 THE SECOND SCHEMATIC (A LESS BAD SOLUTION) ................................................................................................... 721 20.14.4 THE BEST SOLUTION ............................................................................................................................................. 723 20.15 GENERAL CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................... 724 21 A FEW EXAMPLES ................................................................................................................................... 725 21.1 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LTSPICE XVII SIMULATIONS AND REALITY ............................................................................. 725 21.2 THE .NOISE SIMULATION ....................................................................................................................................... 726 21.3 A PWL FUNCTION TO CREATE A GENERATOR OF ARBITRARY VOLTAGE OR CURRENT SIGNALS ............................................ 730 21.3.1 SPECIFIC PWL COMMANDS ................................................................................................................................. 731 21.4 THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE: CHANGING THE CONFIGURATION OF THE OSCILLOSCOPE TRACE AXES ................................ 732 21.5 STABILITY OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH AN AC SIMULATION (OR HOW TO JUGGLE POLES AND ZEROS) ............... 734 21.5.1 FIRST EXAMPLE (FIGURE 21.11) .......................................................................................................................... 735 21.5.2 SECOND EXAMPLE ............................................................................................................................................... 739 16 21.6 HOW TO IMPROVE THE RUNNING SPEED OF LTSPICE XVII ....................................................................................... 744 21.6.1 IF YOU DO NOT NEED TO SEE THE START-UP PHASE OF AN SMPS POWER SUPPLY, YOU CAN REDUCE THE START-UP TIME BY REDUCING THE SOFT-START SETTING .................................................................................... 744 21.6.2 DELAYING THE APPLICATION OF THE LOAD FOR AN SMPS ........................................................................................ 746 21.6.3 DEFINING THE INITIAL CONDITIONS .......................................................................................................................... 747 21.6.4 REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF DATA OF A TRANSIENT SIMULATION ............................................................................... 750 21.6.5 AVOIDING THE STEP OF FINDING THE INITIAL OPERATING POINT .................................................................................. 752 21.6.6 CONVERTING TO FAST ACCESS FORMAT WHEN VIEWING TRACES IN THE OSCILLOSCOPE ............................................. 753 21.7 SAVING TIME WITH SYNCHRONOUS DETECTION ....................................................................................................... 754 INDEX ........................................................................................................................................................................763 17
adam_txt	INDEX WHY A NEW BOOK FOR LTSPICE XVII? . 18 PREFACE . 20 1 WHAT ' S NEW IN LTSPICE XVII . 21 1.1 WHAT ' S NEW IN THE NEW LTSPICE XVII VERSION . 22 1.2 CREATING AND ADDING ATTRIBUTES TO NEW DIRECTORIES . 23 1.2.1 LTSPICE SYMBOL . 23 1.3 LTSPICE XVII DIALOGUE IMPROVED ON WINDOWS . 26 1.4 NEW FEATURES IN THE INPUT GRAPHICAL INTERFACE . 28 1.5 EASIER ACCESS TO THE EYE DIAGRAM . 32 1.6 RANDOM STATE MACHINE . 33 1.7 BRIEFLY REVISITING LTSPICE IV . 36 2 FUNCTIONALITY AND FIRST EXAMPLE . 37 2.1 FIRST USE OF LTSPICE XVII . 37 2.1.1 RUNNING LTSPICE XVII ON WINDOWS . 37 2.2 FUNCTIONALITY OF LTSPICE XVII . 38 2.3 MENUS OF THE LTSPICE XVII LAUNCH PHASE . 38 2.3.1 FILE MENU . 40 2.3.2 VIEW MENU . 40 2.3.3 TOOLS MENU . 40 2.3.4 HELP MENU: COMMON TO ALL OPERATION PHASES OF LTSPICE XVII . 41 2.3.5 POP-UP MENU OF THE LAUNCH PAGE . 41 2.4 A DETAILED EXAMPLE DESCRIBED STEP BY STEP . 43 2.4.1 ENTERING A SCHEMATIC . 47 2.4.2 CONFIGURING COMPONENTS . 55 2.4.3 CONFIGURING A SIMULATION . 61 2.4.4 FIRST FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS . 64 2.4.5 TEMPORAL MEASUREMENTS . 64 2.4.6 FFT MEASUREMENTS . 68 2.4.7 HARMONIC DISTORTION MEASUREMENTS . 69 2.4.8 MAXIMUM AMPLITUDES BEFORE CLIPPING . 71 2.4.9 ZOOMING INTO A PART OF THE CURVE TO OBSERVE A FAULT . 74 2.4.10 TO CONCLUDE THIS FIRST APPROACH . 76 3 SCHEMATICS GRAPHICAL EDITOR . 77 3.1 THE COMMANDS OF LTSPICE XVII . 77 3.2 THE SCHEMATICS GRAPHICAL EDITORS . 77 3.2.1 FILE MENU . 77 3.2.2 EDIT MENU . 79 3.2.3 HIERARCHY MENU . 82 3.2.4 VIEW MENU . 83 5 3.2.5 SIMULATE MENU . 86 3.2.6 TOOLS MENU . 88 3.2.7 WINDOW MENU (ORGANISING DISPLAY WINDOWS) . 90 3.2.8 HELP MENU . 91 3.2.9 POP-UP MENU OF THE SCHEMATICS GRAPHICAL EDITOR . 91 3.3 COMPONENT DATABASES . 99 3.4 CREATING A NEW SCHEMATIC . 100 3.4.1 OPENING THE SCHEMATICS GRAPHICAL EDITOR . 100 3.4.2 PLACING THE FIRST ELEMENTS ON THE SCHEMATIC PAGE . 101 3.4.3 THE MAIN COMMANDS OF THE SCHEMATICS EDITOR . 102 3.4.4 INTERCONNECT THE ELEMENTS OF A SCHEMATIC . 104 3.4.5 ENTERING A COMPONENT VALUE OR CHARACTERISTIC . 105 3.4.6 ENTERING COMPONENT VALUES USING THE ATTRIBUTE EDITOR . 108 3.4.7 ENRICHING THE SCHEMATIC (OPTIONAL) . 109 3.4.8 ADDING THE SIMULATION, THE SOURCE AND THE (OPTIONAL) DIRECTIVES . 110 3.4.9 SAVING YOUR SCHEMATIC . 110 3.4.10 LAUNCH THE SIMULATION . 111 3.5 REVISITING THE SCHEMATICS EDITOR USAGE RULES . 111 3.5.1 TWO POINTS DESERVE YOUR FULL ATTENTION . 111 3.5.2 EXPORTING A SCHEMATIC . 112 4 SYNTAX AND COMPONENT EDITOR .113 4.1 GENERAL SYNTAX RULES OF LTSPICE XVII . 113 4.2 COMPONENT VALUE EDITORS . 115 4.3 PROCEDURES TO ACCESS COMMON OR COMPLEX COMPONENT MODELS . 119 4.3.1 MODIFYING A COMPONENT ' S CURRENT VALUES . 119 4.3.2 DISPLAYING COMPONENT ATTRIBUTES AND MODIFYING COMPONENT VALUES . 124 4.4 USAGE OF THE ATTRIBUTE EDITOR LINES . 127 4.5 DISPLAYING THE ATTRIBUTES OF A COMPONENT USING TWO MODELS . 128 5 SYMBOL EDITOR AND HIERARCHICAL LINKS .132 5.1 SYMBOL EDITOR MENU . 132 5.1.1 FILE MENU . 132 5.1.2 EDIT MENU . 132 5.1.3 HIERARCHY MENU . 133 5.1.4 DRAW MENU . 133 5.1.5 VIEW MENU . 133 5.1.6 TOOLS MENU . 133 5.1.7 WINDOW MENU (ORGANISING DISPLAY WINDOWS) . 134 5.1.8 HELP MENU . 134 5.1.9 POP-UP MENU OF THE SYMBOL EDITOR . 134 5.2 FIRST STEP: DRAW THE SYMBOL . 134 5.3 SECOND STEP: ADD CONNECTION PINS . 134 5.4 THIRD STEP: ADDING OR MODIFYING ATTRIBUTES . 135 5.5 POSSIBLE CALLS BY A SYMBOL . 137 6 5.6 VISIBLE ATTRIBUTES ATTACHED TO THE SYMBOL . 139 5.7 AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF SYMBOLS FROM A SCHEMATIC SECTION . 140 5.8 AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF SYMBOLS FROM A NETLIST . 141 5.9 HIERARCHICAL LINKS IN LTSPICE XVII . 146 5.10 HIERARCHY USAGE RULES . 147 5.10.1 A METHOD THAT RESEMBLES RUSSIAN DOLLS . 147 5.11 RULES TO FOLLOW FOR A HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE . 147 5.11.1 HIERARCHY OF LEVELS . 149 5.12 HIERARCHY MENU COMMANDS . 150 5.13 EXAMPLE: DEVELOPMENT OF A TWO-LEVEL SIMPLE HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE . 150 5.13.1 SCREEN 1: A SUB-CIRCUIT MODEL . 151 5.13.2 SCREEN 2: A SECONDARY SCHEMATIC . 151 5.13.3 SCREEN 3: THE MAIN SCHEMATIC . 152 5.13.4 SCREEN 4: SIMULATION OF THE MAIN SCHEMATIC . 152 5.14 EXPORTING THE HIERARCHY DIRECTORY . 152 5.15 INTERACTION BETWEEN THE LOW AND THE HIGH LEVEL . 153 6 NETLIST EDITOR .154 6.1 HISTORICAL ORIGIN OF NETLISTS . 154 6.2 NETLIST, A MANDATORY PASSAGE . 154 6.3 STRUCTURE, SYNTAX AND CONVENTIONS OF NETLISTS . 154 6.4 EXAMPLE OF A NETLIST . 155 6.5 NETLIST EDITOR MENUS . 156 6.5.1 EDIT MENU . 156 6.5.2 VIEW MENU . 156 6.5.3 SIMULATE MENU . 156 6.5.4 NETLIST EDITOR POP-UP MENU . 156 6.6 EDITING A NETLIST . 157 6.7 SYNTAX OF THE NETLIST FILE .CIR, .NET OR ,SP . 158 6.8 HOW TO OPEN THE NETLIST EDITOR FROM A SCHEMATIC . 158 6.9 RUNNING A NETLIST . 162 6.10 EXPORTING A NETLIST CORRESPONDING TO A SCHEMATIC . 163 6.11 SYSTEM COMMANDS USED IN NETLISTS . 164 7 GRAPHICAL EDITOR AND NUMERICAL OUTPUT .165 7.1 DISPLAYING SIMULATION COMPUTATION RESULTS . 165 7.2 HOW TO SELECT MEASUREMENT POINTS ON YOUR SCHEMATIC . 165 7.3 HOW TO DISPLAY A MEASUREMENT ON THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE . 165 7.3.1 VIEWING A VOLTAGE REFERENCED TO GROUND . 166 7.3.2 VIEWING A CURRENT . 166 7.3.3 VIEWING A DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE (NOT REFERENCED TO GROUND) . 166 7.3.4 DELETING PRIOR TRACES . 167 7.3.5 SELECTIVELY DELETING ONE OR MORE TRACES . 167 7.3.6 DISPLAYING INSTANTANEOUS POWER . 167 7 7.3.7 DISPLAYING THE AVERAGE POWER AND THE INTEGRAL OF THE ENERGY OVER THE DISPLAYED PERIOD . 168 7.3.8 DISPLAYING THE AVERAGE VOLTAGE, THE AVERAGE CURRENT OR THE TRUE RMS VALUE . 168 7.4 USING THE MENUS . 169 7.4.1 VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE EDITOR AND FFT ANALYSIS . 169 7.4.2 FILE MENU . 170 7.4.3 VIEW MENU . 170 7.4.4 PLOT SETTINGS MENU (VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE CONFIGURATION) . 171 7.4.5 SIMULATION MENU (RUNNING THE SIMULATION) . 173 7.4.6 TOOLS MENU . 173 7.4.7 WINDOW MENU . 174 7.4.8 HELP MENU . 174 7.4.9 VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE POP-UP MENU . 174 7.5 CHOOSING WHICH MEASUREMENTS TO DISPLAY . 175 7.6 ADDING AN ADDITIONAL TRACE OR PANE . 177 7.6.1 ADDING AN ADDITIONAL TRACE . 177 7.6.2 ADDING AN ADDITIONAL PANE . 179 7.7 ZOOM FUNCTIONS . 179 7.8 MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS IN THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE . 179 7.9 REQUEST THE CALCULATION OF A MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSION . 180 7.9.1 MODIFYING THE APPEARANCE OF A TRACE . 181 7.10 USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS . 181 7.11 AXIS SCALE MODIFICATIONS . 183 7.11.1 VERTICAL AXIS SCALES . 183 7.11.2 HORIZONTAL AXIS SCALES . 184 7.12 USING THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE IN X-Y MODE . 185 7.13 POP-UP MENU AND SCALES . 186 7.14 OTHER SETTINGS FOR SCALES . 187 7.14.1 LEFT VERTICAL SCALE . 188 7.14.2 DISPLAYING ONLY THE PHASE . 188 7.14.3 RIGHT VERTICAL SCALE . 189 7.15 MANAGING THE MULTI-TRACE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE . 190 7.16 INFORMATION CONCERNING THE TRACES OF THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE . 192 7.17 OTHER ARRANGEMENTS OF THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE TRACES . 194 7.18 COLOUR CONTROLS OF THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE . 194 7.19 TWO MEASUREMENT CURSORS . 196 7.19.1 PLACEMENT OF MEASUREMENT CURSORS ON CURVES . 197 7.20 DISPLAY OF COORDINATES ON THE BOTTOM BAR . 199 7.21 SAVING THE CONFIGURATION OF THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE . 200 7.22 FASTER LOADING OF FILES . 201 7.23 RAM MEMORY AND ADDRESS SPACE . 202 7.24 PRESENTATION OF THE SPICE ERROR LOG BUFFER FILE . 202 7.25 THE .FOUR COMMAND . 202 7.26 THE COMBINATION OF THE .STEP AND .MEAS COMMANDS . 206 7.26.1 COMPUTATION STEPS USING THE .MEAS COMMAND . 209 7.26.2 LEVEL 2 DISPLAY WITH THE SPICE ERROR LOG FILE . 211 8 7.27 CONTROLLER ADJUSTMENT . 216 7.27.1 MEASUREMENT PRINCIPLE . 216 7.28 CHOOSING THE RESOLUTION OF THE .STEP LOOP CORRECTLY . 224 8 THE COMMANDS . 228 8.1 COMMAND DEFINITION . 228 8.1.1 THE COMMAND EDITOR . 228 8.1.2 COMMAND SYNTAX . 232 8.1.3 FIRST SYNTAX RULE . 233 8.1.4 SECOND SYNTAX RULE . 233 8.1.5 THIRD SYNTAX RULE . 234 8.2 .OPTIONS PARAMETERS THAT MODIFY HOW A SIMULATION RUNS . 235 8.3 .IC SETTING THE INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR A TIME SIMULATION . 239 8.4 .SAVEBIAS SAVING A DC OPERATING POINT . 241 8.5 .LOADBIAS LOADING A DC OPERATING POINT . 242 8.6 .NET COMPUTING NETWORK PARAMETERS WITH AN AC SIMULATION . 242 8.7 .NODESET INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR DC ANALYSIS . 243 9 THE SIX MAIN SIMULATIONS .245 9.1 PRESENTATION OF THE SIX MAIN SIMULATIONS . 245 9.1.1 DC (CONTINUOUS) SIMULATIONS . 246 9.1.2 AC (FREQUENCY) SIMULATIONS . 246 9.1.3 NON-LINEAR CIRCUIT SIMULATIONS . 247 9.1.4 SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS . 247 9.2 SELECTION CRITERIA IN SIMULATIONS . 248 9.2.1 WHEN THE CIRCUIT ' S ONLY EXCITATION SOURCE IS A DC VOLTAGE . 248 9.2.2 WHEN THE CIRCUIT ' S ONLY EXCITATION SOURCE IS A LOW-AMPLITUDE AC VOLTAGE . 250 9.2.3 WHEN THE CIRCUIT ' S ONLY EXCITATION SOURCE IS A HIGH-AMPLITUDE AC VOLTAGE (OR ANY OTHER ACTION TRIGGERING THE NON-LINEARITY OF THE CIRCUIT COMPONENTS) . 251 9.3 .OP - SIMULATION OF A DC OPERATING POINT . 251 9.4 ,DC - DC SIMULATION WITH SWEEPING (ONE TO THREE SOURCES) . 253 9.5 .TF - SIMULATION OF THE TRANSFER FUNCTION (GAIN, INPUT IMPEDANCE, OUTPUT IMPEDANCE) . 254 9.6 .AC - SIMULATION OF AN AC SIGNAL AROUND AN OPERATING POINT . 257 9.7 .NOISE - NOISE SIMULATION . 260 9.8 .TRAN - TIME SIMULATION (NON-LINEAR) . 261 9.9 .TRAN TIME SIMULATION CONFIGURATION . 264 9.9.1 CAUTION WITH THE MAXIMUM TIMESTEP VALUE . 264 9.9.2 UIC PARAMETER (TIME SIMULATION) . 270 9.9.3 STARTUP PARAMETER (TIME SIMULATION) . 271 9.9.4 STEADY PARAMETER (TIME SIMULATION) . 273 9.9.5 .NODISCARD PARAMETER (TIME SIMULATION) . 275 9.9.6 .STEP PARAMETER (TIME SIMULATION) . 276 9 10 TWO DEDICATED TYPES OF ANALYSIS . 280 10.1 DESCRIPTION OF THESE TWO TYPES OF ANALYSIS . 280 10.2 .TEMP - TEMPERATURE SWEEP SIMULATION . 280 10.3 .FOUR - EDIT THE HARMONICS IN NUMERICAL FORM . 285 10.4 HOW THE FFT ANALYSIS WORKS . 286 10.4.1 FFT CONFIGURATION . 286 10.4.2 CONDITIONS TO MEET TO OBTAIN A REPRESENTATIVE FFT ANALYSIS . 290 11 PASSIVE AND ACTIVE COMPONENTS . 303 11.1 INTRODUCTION TO USING THE PARAMETERS OF A COMPONENT MODEL . 303 11.2 PASSIVE COMPONENTS . 303 11.3 GENERIC RESISTOR R MODEL . 304 11.4 GENERIC CAPACITOR C MODEL . 306 11.4.1 THE STANDARD GENERIC CAPACITOR SUB-MODEL . 307 11.4.2 SECOND GENERIC CAPACITOR SUB-MODEL . 309 11.5 GENERIC INDUCTOR L MODEL . 309 11.6 ACTIVE COMPONENTS . 310 11.7 GENERIC DIODE D MODEL . 310 11.7.1 THE FIRST STANDARD AND LINEAR GENERIC SUB-MODEL OF DIODE D . 311 11.7.2 THE SECOND NON-LINEAR GENERIC SUB-MODEL OF DIODE D . 312 11.7.3 THE THIRD BERKELEY GENERIC SUB-MODEL OF DIODE D (NON-LINEAR) . 313 11.8 GENERIC BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR Q MODEL . 315 11.8.1 THE EBERS-MOLL AND GUMMEL-POON GENERIC SUB-MODELS . 315 11.8.2 VBIC GENERIC SUB-MODEL . 318 11.9 GENERIC JFET J MODEL . 322 11.10 GENERIC MOSFET M MODEL . 324 11.11 GENERIC MODEL OF MOSFET WITH DOUBLE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION . 328 11.12 GENERIC MESFET Z MODEL . 332 11.13 GENERIC IGBT MODEL . 334 11.14 UNIJUNCTION, PHOTOTRANSISTOR, THYRISTOR AND TRIAC TRANSISTOR MODELS . 335 11.15 MULTIPLIER OF COMPONENTS IN PARALLEL OR IN SERIES . 335 11.15.1 COMPONENTS IN PARALLEL . 335 11.15.2 COMPONENTS IN SERIES . 337 12 INDUCTORS, TRANSFORMERS AND MUTUAL INDUCTION . 339 12.1 GENERIC INDUCTOR L MODEL (WITHOUT SATURATION) . 339 12.2 COIL AND AIR-CORE INDUCTOR WITHOUT A SATURABLE MAGNETIC CIRCUIT . 339 12.2.1 COIL AND WOUND INDUCTOR WITHOUT A MAGNETIC CIRCUIT . 340 12.2.2 COIL AND INDUCTOR WITH A SATURABLE MAGNETIC CIRCUIT . 341 12.3 GENERIC L INDUCTOR MODEL . 343 12.3.1 GENERIC INDUCTOR SUB-MODEL (LINEAR AND WITHOUT SATURATION) . 343 12.3.2 DEFAULT VALUES APPLIED TO INDUCTORS BY LTSPICE . 344 12.4 CHAN MODEL OF INDUCTOR L . 345 12.4.1 MODEL WITH SATURATION AND HYSTERESIS . 345 12.4.2 FIRST GROUP OF PARAMETERS . 346 10 12.4.3 SECOND GROUP OF PARAMETERS . 347 12.4.4 THIRD GROUP OF PARAMETERS . 348 12.5 THE TRANSFORMER MODEL . 350 12.5.1 HOW TO CREATE A TRANSFORMER USING THE STANDARD MODEL . 350 12.5.2 ADDING A TRANSFORMER: FIRST METHOD . 352 12.5.3 ADDING A TRANSFORMER: SECOND METHOD . 353 12.5.4 CONCLUSION ON THE TWO TRANSFORMER CREATION METHODS . 354 12.5.5 MULTIPLE OPERATING MODES OF A TRANSFORMER . 357 12.6 TRANSFORMER WITH SATURATION AND HYSTERESIS OF MAGNETIC MATERIAL . 358 13 IMPORTING A COMPONENT FROM THE INTERNET OR CREATING IT . 361 13.1 MODELLED COMPONENTS COMPATIBLE WITH SPICE . 361 13.1.1 MODELLED COMPONENTS COMPATIBLE WITH LTSPICE . 361 13.1.2 COMPOSITION OF A MODEL . 362 13.2 VARIOUS WEBSITES . 362 13.3 THE NXP WEBSITE . 363 13.4 CACHAN TECHNICAL COLLEGE ' S DOWNLOAD WEBSITE . 369 13.5 THE TEXAS INSTRUMENTS WEBSITE . 371 13.6 DOWNLOAD WEBSITES . 373 13.6.1 THE LTWIKI.ORG WEBSITE . 374 13.6.2 THE GROUPS.IO WEBSITE: LTSPICE . 378 13.6.3 LIST OF MANUFACTURER WEBSITES PROVIDING SPICE MODELS . 378 13.7 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A MODEL AND A SUB-CIRCUIT . 379 13.7.1 THE MODEL . 379 13.7.2 THE SUB-CIRCUIT . 381 13.8 HOW TO MODIFY A MODEL . 383 13.8.1 OBSERVATION ON THE CREATION OF MODELS . 383 13.9 HOW IS A NEW MODEL ADDED TO LTSPICE? . 384 13.9.1 FIRST METHOD: ADDING A MODEL TO AN EXISTING LIBRARY . 384 13.9.2 SECOND METHOD: ADDING A MODEL TO A DIRECTORY ON THE HARD DRIVE . 388 13.9.3 THIRD METHOD: ADDING A MODEL DIRECTLY TO THE SCHEMATIC . 389 13.9.4 A FEW GUIDELINES REGARDING THE THREE METHODS . 390 13.10 HOW TO ADD A SUB-CIRCUIT . 390 13.10.1 FIRST METHOD: ADDING A SYMBOL TO THE SYMBOL DIRECTORY . 391 13.10.2 SECOND METHOD: REUSING A SCHEMATIC SYMBOL . 395 13.10.3 THIRD METHOD: ADDING THE NEW COMPONENTS TO THE SCHEMATIC . 396 13.10.4 AUTOMATIC SYMBOL CREATION FROM THE NETLIST . 400 13.10.5 AUTOMATIC SYMBOL CREATION FROM THE SUB-CIRCUIT SCHEMATIC . 400 13.10.6 CREATING A SYMBOL BY MODIFYING THE ATTRIBUTES OF AN EXISTING SYMBOL . 402 13.11 STEP-BY-STEP SUB-CIRCUIT CREATION . 405 13.11.1 CREATION OF A SUB-CIRCUIT USING THE AUTOMATIC GENERATOR IN 14 SIMPLE STEPS . 405 13.11.2 CREATION OF A SUB-CIRCUIT USING THE REASSIGNED SRC SYMBOL IN 16 SIMPLE STEPS . 405 13.11.3 SECOND EXAMPLE: CREATING A CONFIGURABLE SUB-CIRCUIT . 406 13.12 USING MODELS AND SUB-CIRCUITS . 413 13.13 .LIB AND .INC COMMANDS . 413 11 14 THE COMMANDS .FUNC, .MEAS, .PARAM, .STEP AND AKO . 415 14.1 THE COMMANDS . 415 14.2 THE .FUNC COMMAND . 416 14.2.1 FIRST EXAMPLE . 416 14.2.2 BENEFITS OF USING THE .FUNC COMMANDS . 418 14.2.3 SECOND EXAMPLE . 418 14.3 THE .MEAS COMMAND . 419 14.3.1 FIRST USE: COMPUTATION USING OFF-CURVE VARIABLES . 420 14.3.2 SECOND USE: COMPUTATION USING A SINGLE CURVE VALUE . 421 14.3.3 THIRD USE: COMPUTATION USING ALL THE CURVE VALUES . 423 14.3.4 SEVEN EXAMPLES FOR THE USE OF THE .MEAS COMMAND . 425 14.4 CURLY BRACKETS, .PARAM, AKO AND .STEP COMMANDS . 433 14.5 CURLY BRACKETS . 434 14.6 THE .PARAM COMMAND AND THE PARAM FUNCTION . 437 14.7 THE .STEP COMMAND . 440 14.7.1 BE CAREFUL NOT TO RUN TOO MANY LOOPS . 440 14.7.2 THE .STEP COMMAND IS POWERFUL . 440 14.7.3 THE ORDER OF EXECUTION OF MULTIPLE LOOPS . 441 14.7.4 EXAMPLE 1 . 442 14.7.5 EXAMPLE 2 . 443 14.7.6 EXAMPLE 3 . 446 14.7.7 EXAMPLE 4 . 448 14.8 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS REGARDING THE .STEP COMMAND . 450 14.8.1 CAN A SIMULATION COMPUTATION BE AUTOMATED? . 450 14.8.2 HOW ARE SIMULATIONS PERFORMED WITH THE TEMPERATURE? . 450 14.8.3 HOW IS A SIMULATION CONFIGURED WITH A COMPONENT VALUE? . 453 14.8.4 HOW TO CREATE A PARAMETRIC SIMULATION WITH A SOURCE . 454 14.8.5 HOW TO CREATE A THREE-LEVEL PARAMETRIC SIMULATION . 454 14.8.6 THE SELECT STEP COMMAND IN THE POP-UP MENU . 457 14.8.7 HOW CAN CURVE VALUES BE IDENTIFIED ? . 459 14.8.8 HOW CAN THE ORDER OF SEVERAL NESTED .STEP LOOPS BE CHANGED? . 462 14.8.9 MAXIMUM NUMBER OF INCREMENTS OF A .STEP LOOP . 463 14.8.10 DIFFERENT WAYS A .STEP LOOP CAN BE INCREMENTED . 464 14.8.11 LOOP DEFINED PER DECADE WITH A LOGARITHMIC DISTRIBUTION . 464 14.8.12 LOOP DEFINED PER OCTAVE WITH A LOGARITHMIC DISTRIBUTION . 464 14.8.13 LOOP WITH A LINEAR DISTRIBUTION OF INTERVALS . 465 14.8.14 LOOP WITH A LIST OF INCREMENT VALUES . 465 14.8.15 HOW CAN .STEP LOOP VARIATION UNITS BE INCLUDED IN THE X-AXIS? . 466 14.8.16 HOW CAN NON-NUMERICAL VALUES BE INCREMENTED? . 466 14.8.17 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE .STEP COMMAND . 467 14.8.18 MAXIMUM NUMBER LIMIT FOR A SINGLE .STEP LOOP . 468 12 15 THE " AKO: " COMMANDS: .FOUR .WAVE .MODEL .SUBCKT .INCLUDE .LIB .IC .SAVE . 470 15.1 THE " AKO: " FUNCTION . 470 15.1.1 THE AKO: COMMAND (TYPE CHANGER) . 470 15.1.2 FIRST EXAMPLE: CHANGING A MODEL PARAMETER . 471 15.1.3 SECOND EXAMPLE: CHANGING SEVERAL MODEL PARAMETERS . 473 15.1.4 THIRD EXAMPLE: CHANGING 7 PARAMETERS USING 3 .STEP LOOPS . 475 15.1.5 FOURTH EXAMPLE: CHANGING THE COMPONENT MODEL . 476 15.2 THE .FOUR COMMAND . 479 15.3 THE .WAVE COMMAND . 480 15.4 THE .MODEL COMMAND . 481 15.5 THE .SUBCKT COMMAND . 483 15.6 THE .INCLUDE AND .LIB COMMANDS . 484 15.7 THE .IC COMMAND . 485 15.8 THE .SAVE COMMAND . 486 16 THE .OPTIONS COMMAND AND THE CONTROL PANEL . 488 16.1 THE .OPTIONS COMMAND . 488 16.1.1 EYE DIAGRAM CONTROL PARAMETERS (TRANSMISSION) . 490 16.1.2 TRANSIENT SIMULATION CONTROL PARAMETERS (NON-LINEAR SIGNALS) . 490 16.1.3 CONTROL PARAMETERS OF THE .MEAS COMMAND . 490 16.1.4 CONTROL AND CONVERGENCE HELP PARAMETERS . 491 16.1.5 NEWTON-RAPHSON METHOD CONTROL PARAMETERS . 492 16.1.6 SAVING AND COMPRESSION CONTROL PARAMETERS . 492 16.1.7 COMPONENT CONTROL PARAMETERS . 493 16.1.8 CONTROL PARAMETERS OF DC BIAS SIMULATIONS . 493 16.1.9 GENERAL CONTROL PARAMETERS . 494 16.1.10 NEW PARAMETERS IN LTSPICE XVII . 495 16.2 THE NINE TABS OF THE CONTROL PANEL . 495 16.2.1 COMPRESSION TAB . 496 16.2.2 SAVE TAB . 497 16.2.3 SPICE TAB . 499 16.2.4 DRAFTING TAB . 503 16.2.5 NETLIST TAB . 505 16.2.6 TOOLS/CONTROL PANEL/SYM. & LIB. SEARCH PATHS OPERATION TAB . 506 16.2.7 WAVEFORM TAB . 509 16.2.8 OPERATION TAB . 510 16.2.9 HACKSTAB . 511 16.2.10 INTERNET TAB . 513 16.3 KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS . 514 16.4 COLOR SELECTION TAB: COLOR PREFERENCES . 518 16.5 OPENING AN EDITOR . 520 13 17 VOLTAGE AND CURRENT SOURCE EDITOR . 521 17.1 TWO TYPES OF SOURCE AND TWO EDITORS . 521 17.2 TWO MAJOR TYPES OF SOURCE, DEPENDENT OR INDEPENDENT . 522 17.3 ALL SIMULATIONS NEED AN INDEPENDENT SOURCE . 523 17.4 HOW TO PLACE A SOURCE ON A SCHEMATIC . 524 17.4.1 THREE INDEPENDENT SOURCES . 524 17.4.2 NINE DEPENDENT SOURCES, SIX LINEAR AND THREE NON-LINEAR . 525 17.5 V - INDEPENDENT VOLTAGE SOURCE (NCVS) . 526 17.5.1 PULSE VOLTAGE SOURCE . 527 17.5.2 SINE VOLTAGE SOURCE (SINUSOIDAL) . 527 17.5.3 EXP VOLTAGE SOURCE (EXPONENTIAL) . 527 17.5.4 SFFM VOLTAGE SOURCE (FREQUENCY-MODULATED) . 528 17.5.5 ARBITRARY VOLTAGE SOURCE MODULATED BY A PWL COMMAND . 528 17.5.6 VOLTAGE SOURCE MODULATED BY A .WAV FILE . 528 17.6 I - INDEPENDENT CURRENT SOURCE (NCOS) . 529 17.6.1 PULSE CURRENT SOURCE . 530 17.6.2 SINE CURRENT SOURCE (SINUSOIDAL) . 530 17.6.3 EXP CURRENT SOURCE (EXPONENTIAL) . 530 17.6.4 SFFM CURRENT SOURCE (FREQUENCY-MODULATED) . 531 17.6.5 MODULATED CURRENT SOURCES . 531 17.7 LOAD - INDEPENDENT ACTIVE LOAD (CSVL) . 533 17.8 THE INDEPENDENT SOURCE EDITOR . 534 17.8.1 CONFIGURATION OF THE FREQUENCY SWEEP OF AN INDEPENDENT SOURCE FOR AN AC SIMULATION . 536 17.8.2 CONFIGURATION OF INDEPENDENT SOURCES FOR A DC SIMULATION (LOW AMPLITUDES) . 537 17.8.3 CONFIGURATION OF INDEPENDENT SOURCES FOR AN AC SIMULATION (LOW AMPLITUDES) . 541 17.9 DEPENDENT SOURCES . 568 17.10 E - VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED VOLTAGE SOURCE (VCVS) . 568 17.10.1 FIRST MODEL: THE TRANSFER FUNCTION IS A CONSTANT . 569 17.10.2 SECOND MODEL: THE TRANSFER FUNCTION IS A TABLE OF VALUE PAIRS . 571 17.10.3 THIRD MODEL: THE TRANSFER FUNCTION IS A LAPLACE TRANSFORM IN PARAMETERS . 572 17.11 F - CURRENT-CONTROLLED CURRENT SOURCE (CCCS) . 574 17.12 G - VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED CURRENT SOURCE (VCCS) . 577 17.12.1 FIRST MODEL . 578 17.12.2 SECOND MODEL . 578 17.12.3 THIRD MODEL . 578 17.13 H - CURRENT-CONTROLLED VOLTAGE SOURCE (CCVS) . 579 17.14 VOLTAGE OR CURRENT SOURCE B . 580 17.15 B - NON-LINEAR, ARBITRARY VOLTAGE SOURCE (CVS) . 580 17.16 B - ARBITRARY, NON-LINEAR CURRENT SOURCES (CCS) . 582 17.17 ATTRIBUTE EDITOR FOR DEPENDENT SOURCES . 583 14 18 LOGIC AND SECONDARY FUNCTIONS . 586 18.1 SHARED CHARACTERISTICS OF LOGIC CIRCUITS . 586 18.2 STANDARD LOGIC GATES . 587 18.3 LOGIC GATES WITH SCHMITT TRIGGERS . 587 18.4 LOGIC FLIP-FLOPS . 588 18.4.1 SRFLOP . 588 18.4.2 DFLOP . 588 18.5 PHASEDET: PHASE DETECTOR WITH CURRENT OUTPUT . 589 18.6 SAMPLEHOLD: SAMPLE AND HOLD . 592 18.6.1 FIRST MODE - S/H COMMAND . 593 18.6.2 SECOND MODE - CLK COMMAND . 594 18.7 MODULATE AND MODULATE2: FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE MODULATOR . 594 18.8 THE EYE DIAGRAM AND THE BAUDRATE FUNCTION . 598 18.9 CONFIGURING THE .AC LIST X-AXIS . 607 18.9.1 EXAMPLEONE . 608 18.9.2 EXAMPLE TWO . 610 18.10 ENCRYPTION . 612 18.11 OPTIONS TO ADD WHEN STARTING LTSPICE XVII . 615 18.12 RESERVED WORDS . 616 18.13 COMPUTATION PRECISION WITH LTSPICE XVII . 616 18.13.1 DISTRIBUTION OF THE 64 BITS . 616 18.13.2 LIMIT OF THIS OPTION . 616 18.13.3 INCREASING THE PRECISION . 617 18.14 ATTRIBUTION TABLE OF THE GENERIC COMPONENT MODEL . 617 18.15 S AND W CONTROLLED SWITCHES . 618 18.16 S - VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED SWITCH (TWO MODELS) . 619 18.16.1 FIRST STANDARD MODEL LEVEL=1 . 621 18.16.2 SECOND COMPLETE MODEL LEVEL=2 . 622 18.17 W - CURRENT-CONTROLLED SWITCH (ONE MODEL) . 623 18.18 0 - LOSSY TRANSMISSION LINE (ONE MODEL) . 628 18.19 T - LOSSLESS TRANSMISSION LINE (ONE MODEL) . 629 18.20 U - RC TRANSMISSION LINE (ONE MODEL) . 630 19 MONTE CARLO AND WORST CASE . 632 19.1 MONTE CARLO OVERVIEW . 632 19.1.1 MONTE CARLO 1 (UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION AND SIMPLE SCHEMATIC) . 632 19.1.2 MONTE CARLO 1 . 633 19.1.3 MONTE CARLO 2 (GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION AND SIMPLE SCHEMATIC) . 634 19.1.4 MONTE CARLO 2 (GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION) . 635 19.1.5 MONTE CARLO 2 (WITH SEMICONDUCTORS, SUB-CIRCUITS OR MODELS) . 638 19.1.6 MONTE CARLO 1 (UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION WITH SUB-CIRCUITS OR MODELS) . 639 19.1.7 MONTE CARLO 1 (UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION AND SEMICONDUCTORS) . 643 19.2 WORST CASE OVERVIEW . 647 19.2.1 WORST CASE 1 (RANDOM SELECTION) . 647 19.2.2 WORST CASE 2 (AUTOMATIC SWEEP) . 647 15 19.2.3 WORST CASE 3 (EXTENDED APPLICATION) . 647 19.2.4 WORST CASE 1 (RANDOM SELECTION AND SIMPLE SCHEMATIC) . 648 19.2.5 WORST CASE 1 . 648 19.2.6 WORST CASE 2 (AUTOMATIC SWEEP AND LIMITATION TO 16 COMPONENTS) . 651 19.2.7 WORST CASE (WITH SEMICONDUCTORS, SUB-CIRCUITS OR MODELS) . 658 19.2.8 WORST CASE 1 (WITH SUB-CIRCUITS OR MODELS) . 659 19.2.9 WORST CASE 1 (WITH SEMICONDUCTORS) . 661 19.2.10 WORST CASE 2 (WITH MODELS AND LIMITED TO 16 COMPONENTS) . 663 19.2.11 WORST CASE 2 (WITH SEMICONDUCTORS, LIMITED TO 16 COMPONENTS) . 664 19.2.12 WORST CASE 3 (NO LIMITATION, 2 RUNS REQUIRED) . 664 20 SOATHERM: THERMAL MODEL FOR MOSFET WITH HEATSINK . 690 20.1 SOATHERM FOR LTSPICE XVII . 690 20.2 HOW TO USE THE SOATHERM MODEL WITH LTSPICE XVII . 690 20.3 THE SOATHERM MODELS . 691 20.4 HOW TO OPERATE THE SOATHERM MODEL IN LTSPICE XVII . 691 20.5 DOES THE SOATHERM MODEL WORK WITH ALL MOSFETS IN LTSPICE XVII? . 691 20.6 CALLING A MOS THAT IS INCOMPATIBLE WITH SOATHERM . 692 20.7 HOW TO RECOGNISE A MOS-COMPATIBLE SOATHERM . 693 20.8 HOW TO ACCESS THE TERMINALS . 696 20.9 HOW TO USE THE SECOND SOATHERM-HEATSINK MODEL . 703 20.10 HOW THERMAL FLUX REALLY WORKS . 709 20.11 HOW SOATHERM MODELS WORK . 709 20.11.1 SOATHERM-HEATSINK MODEL . 709 20.11.2 SOATHERM-PCB MODEL . 710 20.12 INFLUENCE OF THE TIME CONSTANT . 711 20.13 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HEAT SINK . 713 20.14 HOW TO ACHIEVE THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM OF MOSFETS IN PARALLEL . 717 20.14.1 SCHEMATIC WITH MOSFETS IN PARALLEL . 718 20.14.2 THE FIRST SCHEMATIC (THE WORST SOLUTION) . 718 20.14.3 THE SECOND SCHEMATIC (A LESS BAD SOLUTION) . 721 20.14.4 THE BEST SOLUTION . 723 20.15 GENERAL CONCLUSION . 724 21 A FEW EXAMPLES . 725 21.1 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LTSPICE XVII SIMULATIONS AND REALITY . 725 21.2 THE .NOISE SIMULATION . 726 21.3 A PWL FUNCTION TO CREATE A GENERATOR OF ARBITRARY VOLTAGE OR CURRENT SIGNALS . 730 21.3.1 SPECIFIC PWL COMMANDS . 731 21.4 THE VIRTUAL OSCILLOSCOPE: CHANGING THE CONFIGURATION OF THE OSCILLOSCOPE TRACE AXES . 732 21.5 STABILITY OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS WITH AN AC SIMULATION (OR HOW TO JUGGLE POLES AND ZEROS) . 734 21.5.1 FIRST EXAMPLE (FIGURE 21.11) . 735 21.5.2 SECOND EXAMPLE . 739 16 21.6 HOW TO IMPROVE THE RUNNING SPEED OF LTSPICE XVII . 744 21.6.1 IF YOU DO NOT NEED TO SEE THE START-UP PHASE OF AN SMPS POWER SUPPLY, YOU CAN REDUCE THE START-UP TIME BY REDUCING THE SOFT-START SETTING . 744 21.6.2 DELAYING THE APPLICATION OF THE LOAD FOR AN SMPS . 746 21.6.3 DEFINING THE INITIAL CONDITIONS . 747 21.6.4 REDUCING THE AMOUNT OF DATA OF A TRANSIENT SIMULATION . 750 21.6.5 AVOIDING THE STEP OF FINDING THE INITIAL OPERATING POINT . 752 21.6.6 CONVERTING TO FAST ACCESS FORMAT WHEN VIEWING TRACES IN THE OSCILLOSCOPE . 753 21.7 SAVING TIME WITH SYNCHRONOUS DETECTION . 754 INDEX .763 17
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author	Brocard, Gilles 1952-
author_GND	(DE-588)1038076064
author_facet	Brocard, Gilles 1952-
author_role	aut
author_sort	Brocard, Gilles 1952-
author_variant	g b gb
building	Verbundindex
bvnumber	BV047439853
classification_rvk	ZN 5405 ZN 5400 ZN 5350
ctrlnum	(OCoLC)1258215604 (DE-599)DNB1231097345
dewey-full	621.3815011353
dewey-hundreds	600 - Technology (Applied sciences)
dewey-ones	621 - Applied physics
dewey-raw	621.3815011353
dewey-search	621.3815011353
dewey-sort	3621.3815011353
dewey-tens	620 - Engineering and allied operations
discipline	Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik
discipline_str_mv	Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik
edition	1st edition
format	Book
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illustrated	Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-03T18:00:46Z
indexdate	2024-07-10T09:12:13Z
institution	BVB
institution_GND	(DE-588)5527383-X
isbn	9783899294118 3899294114
language	English
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physical	784 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 x 16.5 cm
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spelling	Brocard, Gilles 1952- Verfasser (DE-588)1038076064 aut LTspice XVII Manuel de référence The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications author: Gilles Brocard ; publisher: Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG 1st edition Künzelsau Swiridoff Verlag March 2021 © 2020 784 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 x 16.5 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Würth Elektronik LTspice XVII (DE-588)1239147023 gnd rswk-swf Schaltung (DE-588)4052056-0 gnd rswk-swf Simulation (DE-588)4055072-2 gnd rswk-swf LTspice XVII (DE-588)1239147023 s DE-604 Schaltung (DE-588)4052056-0 s Simulation (DE-588)4055072-2 s Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG (DE-588)5527383-X isb B:DE-101 application/pdf https://d-nb.info/1231097345/04 2021-08-25 Verlag Inhaltsverzeichnis DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032842046&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Brocard, Gilles 1952- The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications LTspice XVII (DE-588)1239147023 gnd Schaltung (DE-588)4052056-0 gnd Simulation (DE-588)4055072-2 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)1239147023 (DE-588)4052056-0 (DE-588)4055072-2
title	The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications
title_alt	LTspice XVII Manuel de référence
title_auth	The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications
title_exact_search	The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications
title_exact_search_txtP	The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications
title_full	The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications author: Gilles Brocard ; publisher: Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG
title_fullStr	The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications author: Gilles Brocard ; publisher: Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG
title_full_unstemmed	The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications author: Gilles Brocard ; publisher: Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG
title_short	The LTSpice XVII simulator
title_sort	the ltspice xvii simulator commands and applications manual methods and applications
title_sub	commands and applications : manual, methods and applications
topic	LTspice XVII (DE-588)1239147023 gnd Schaltung (DE-588)4052056-0 gnd Simulation (DE-588)4055072-2 gnd
topic_facet	LTspice XVII Schaltung Simulation
url	https://d-nb.info/1231097345/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032842046&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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