The LTSpice XVII simulator: commands and applications : manual, methods and applications
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1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Künzelsau
Swiridoff Verlag
March 2021
|
Ausgabe: | 1st edition |
Schriftenreihe: | Würth Elektronik
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | 784 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 x 16.5 cm |
ISBN: | 9783899294118 3899294114 |
Internformat
MARC
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001 | BV047439853 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 20220120 | ||
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008 | 210826s2021 gw a||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
015 | |a 21,N15 |2 dnb | ||
016 | 7 | |a 1231097345 |2 DE-101 | |
020 | |a 9783899294118 |c : EUR 49.00 (DE), EUR 50.40 (AT) |9 978-3-89929-411-8 | ||
020 | |a 3899294114 |9 3-89929-411-4 | ||
024 | 3 | |a 9783899294118 | |
035 | |a (OCoLC)1258215604 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)DNB1231097345 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rda | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
044 | |a gw |c XA-DE-BW | ||
049 | |a DE-83 |a DE-573 |a DE-1046 | ||
082 | 0 | |a 621.3815011353 | |
084 | |a ZN 5405 |0 (DE-625)157455: |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a ZN 5400 |0 (DE-625)157454: |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a ZN 5350 |0 (DE-625)157449: |2 rvk | ||
100 | 1 | |a Brocard, Gilles |d 1952- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1038076064 |4 aut | |
240 | 1 | 0 | |a LTspice XVII Manuel de référence |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a The LTSpice XVII simulator |b commands and applications : manual, methods and applications |c author: Gilles Brocard ; publisher: Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG |
250 | |a 1st edition | ||
264 | 1 | |a Künzelsau |b Swiridoff Verlag |c March 2021 | |
264 | 4 | |c © 2020 | |
300 | |a 784 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme |c 24 x 16.5 cm | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 0 | |a Würth Elektronik | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a LTspice XVII |0 (DE-588)1239147023 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Schaltung |0 (DE-588)4052056-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Simulation |0 (DE-588)4055072-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a LTspice XVII |0 (DE-588)1239147023 |D s |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
689 | 1 | 0 | |a Schaltung |0 (DE-588)4052056-0 |D s |
689 | 1 | 1 | |a Simulation |0 (DE-588)4055072-2 |D s |
689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
710 | 2 | |a Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG |0 (DE-588)5527383-X |4 isb | |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m B:DE-101 |q application/pdf |u https://d-nb.info/1231097345/04 |v 2021-08-25 |x Verlag |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m DNB Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032842046&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032842046 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
_version_ | 1804182731581554688 |
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adam_text | INDEX
WHY
A
NEW
BOOK
FOR
LTSPICE
XVII?
....................................................................................................................
18
PREFACE
...................................................................................................................................................................
20
1
WHAT
S
NEW
IN
LTSPICE
XVII
.............................................................................................................
21
1.1
WHAT
S
NEW
IN
THE
NEW
LTSPICE
XVII
VERSION
................................................................................................
22
1.2
CREATING
AND
ADDING
ATTRIBUTES
TO
NEW
DIRECTORIES
.....................................................................................
23
1.2.1
LTSPICE
SYMBOL
................................................................................................................................................
23
1.3
LTSPICE
XVII
DIALOGUE
IMPROVED
ON
WINDOWS
..............................................................................................
26
1.4
NEW
FEATURES
IN
THE
INPUT
GRAPHICAL
INTERFACE
...............................................................................................
28
1.5
EASIER
ACCESS
TO
THE
EYE
DIAGRAM
.................................................................................................................
32
1.6
RANDOM
STATE
MACHINE
...................................................................................................................................
33
1.7
BRIEFLY
REVISITING
LTSPICE
IV
............................................................................................................................
36
2
FUNCTIONALITY
AND
FIRST
EXAMPLE
.......................................................................................................
37
2.1
FIRST
USE
OF
LTSPICE
XVII
...............................................................................................................................
37
2.1.1
RUNNING
LTSPICE
XVII
ON
WINDOWS
..............................................................................................................
37
2.2
FUNCTIONALITY
OF
LTSPICE
XVII
..........................................................................................................................
38
2.3
MENUS
OF
THE
LTSPICE
XVII
LAUNCH
PHASE
.....................................................................................................
38
2.3.1
FILE
MENU
.......................................................................................................................................................
40
2.3.2
VIEW
MENU
.......................................................................................................................................................
40
2.3.3
TOOLS
MENU
.....................................................................................................................................................
40
2.3.4
HELP
MENU:
COMMON
TO
ALL
OPERATION
PHASES
OF
LTSPICE
XVII
...................................................................
41
2.3.5
POP-UP
MENU
OF
THE
LAUNCH
PAGE
.................................................................................................................
41
2.4
A
DETAILED
EXAMPLE
DESCRIBED
STEP
BY
STEP
................................................................................................
43
2.4.1
ENTERING
A
SCHEMATIC
....................................................................................................................................
47
2.4.2
CONFIGURING
COMPONENTS
...............................................................................................................................
55
2.4.3
CONFIGURING
A
SIMULATION
...............................................................................................................................
61
2.4.4
FIRST
FREQUENCY
MEASUREMENTS
.....................................................................................................................
64
2.4.5
TEMPORAL
MEASUREMENTS
...............................................................................................................................
64
2.4.6
FFT
MEASUREMENTS
.........................................................................................................................................
68
2.4.7
HARMONIC
DISTORTION
MEASUREMENTS
............................................................................................................
69
2.4.8
MAXIMUM
AMPLITUDES
BEFORE
CLIPPING
.........................................................................................................
71
2.4.9
ZOOMING
INTO
A
PART
OF
THE
CURVE
TO
OBSERVE
A
FAULT
.................................................................................
74
2.4.10
TO
CONCLUDE
THIS
FIRST
APPROACH
...................................................................................................................
76
3
SCHEMATICS
GRAPHICAL
EDITOR
...........................................................................................................
77
3.1
THE
COMMANDS
OF
LTSPICE
XVII
.....................................................................................................................
77
3.2
THE
SCHEMATICS
GRAPHICAL
EDITORS
.................................................................................................................
77
3.2.1
FILE
MENU
.......................................................................................................................................................
77
3.2.2
EDIT
MENU
.......................................................................................................................................................
79
3.2.3
HIERARCHY
MENU
.............................................................................................................................................
82
3.2.4
VIEW
MENU
.......................................................................................................................................................
83
5
3.2.5
SIMULATE
MENU
.................................................................................................................................................
86
3.2.6
TOOLS
MENU
.....................................................................................................................................................
88
3.2.7
WINDOW
MENU
(ORGANISING
DISPLAY
WINDOWS)
..............................................................................................
90
3.2.8
HELP
MENU
........................................................................................................................................................
91
3.2.9
POP-UP
MENU
OF
THE
SCHEMATICS
GRAPHICAL
EDITOR
.......................................................................................
91
3.3
COMPONENT
DATABASES
..................................................................................................................................
99
3.4
CREATING
A
NEW
SCHEMATIC
................................................................................................................................
100
3.4.1
OPENING
THE
SCHEMATICS
GRAPHICAL
EDITOR
........................................................................................................
100
3.4.2
PLACING
THE
FIRST
ELEMENTS
ON
THE
SCHEMATIC
PAGE
.......................................................................................
101
3.4.3
THE
MAIN
COMMANDS
OF
THE
SCHEMATICS
EDITOR
..............................................................................................
102
3.4.4
INTERCONNECT
THE
ELEMENTS
OF
A
SCHEMATIC
.....................................................................................................
104
3.4.5
ENTERING
A
COMPONENT
VALUE
OR
CHARACTERISTIC
..............................................................................................
105
3.4.6
ENTERING
COMPONENT
VALUES
USING
THE
ATTRIBUTE
EDITOR
..................................................................................
108
3.4.7
ENRICHING
THE
SCHEMATIC
(OPTIONAL)
.................................................................................................................
109
3.4.8
ADDING
THE
SIMULATION,
THE
SOURCE
AND
THE
(OPTIONAL)
DIRECTIVES
.................................................................
110
3.4.9
SAVING
YOUR
SCHEMATIC
.....................................................................................................................................
110
3.4.10
LAUNCH
THE
SIMULATION
.......................................................................................................................................
111
3.5
REVISITING
THE
SCHEMATICS
EDITOR
USAGE
RULES
..................................................................................................
111
3.5.1
TWO
POINTS
DESERVE
YOUR
FULL
ATTENTION
.............................................................................................................
111
3.5.2
EXPORTING
A
SCHEMATIC
.......................................................................................................................................
112
4
SYNTAX
AND
COMPONENT
EDITOR
...........................................................................................................113
4.1
GENERAL
SYNTAX
RULES
OF
LTSPICE
XVII
...............................................................................................................
113
4.2
COMPONENT
VALUE
EDITORS
..................................................................................................................................
115
4.3
PROCEDURES
TO
ACCESS
COMMON
OR
COMPLEX
COMPONENT
MODELS
.................................................................
119
4.3.1
MODIFYING
A
COMPONENT
S
CURRENT
VALUES
........................................................................................................
119
4.3.2
DISPLAYING
COMPONENT
ATTRIBUTES
AND
MODIFYING
COMPONENT
VALUES
..........................................................
124
4.4
USAGE
OF
THE
ATTRIBUTE
EDITOR
LINES
....................................................................................................................
127
4.5
DISPLAYING
THE
ATTRIBUTES
OF
A
COMPONENT
USING
TWO
MODELS
......................................................................
128
5
SYMBOL
EDITOR
AND
HIERARCHICAL
LINKS
..............................................................................................132
5.1
SYMBOL
EDITOR
MENU
.........................................................................................................................................
132
5.1.1
FILE
MENU
............................................................................................................................................................
132
5.1.2
EDIT
MENU
..........................................................................................................................................................
132
5.1.3
HIERARCHY
MENU
.................................................................................................................................................
133
5.1.4
DRAW
MENU
........................................................................................................................................................
133
5.1.5
VIEW
MENU
..........................................................................................................................................................
133
5.1.6
TOOLS
MENU
.........................................................................................................................................................
133
5.1.7
WINDOW
MENU
(ORGANISING
DISPLAY
WINDOWS)
................................................................................................
134
5.1.8
HELP
MENU
...........................................................................................................................................................
134
5.1.9
POP-UP
MENU
OF
THE
SYMBOL
EDITOR
.................................................................................................................
134
5.2
FIRST
STEP:
DRAW
THE
SYMBOL
.............................................................................................................................
134
5.3
SECOND
STEP:
ADD
CONNECTION
PINS
.................................................................................................................
134
5.4
THIRD
STEP:
ADDING
OR
MODIFYING
ATTRIBUTES
.....................................................................................................
135
5.5
POSSIBLE
CALLS
BY
A
SYMBOL
................................................................................................................................
137
6
5.6
VISIBLE
ATTRIBUTES
ATTACHED
TO
THE
SYMBOL
.......................................................................................................
139
5.7
AUTOMATIC
GENERATION
OF
SYMBOLS
FROM
A
SCHEMATIC
SECTION
......................................................................
140
5.8
AUTOMATIC
GENERATION
OF
SYMBOLS
FROM
A
NETLIST
...........................................................................................
141
5.9
HIERARCHICAL
LINKS
IN
LTSPICE
XVII
...................................................................................................................
146
5.10
HIERARCHY
USAGE
RULES
.......................................................................................................................................
147
5.10.1
A
METHOD
THAT
RESEMBLES
RUSSIAN
DOLLS
..........................................................................................................
147
5.11
RULES
TO
FOLLOW
FOR
A
HIERARCHICAL
STRUCTURE
...................................................................................................
147
5.11.1
HIERARCHY
OF
LEVELS
...........................................................................................................................................
149
5.12
HIERARCHY
MENU
COMMANDS
.............................................................................................................................
150
5.13
EXAMPLE:
DEVELOPMENT
OF
A
TWO-LEVEL
SIMPLE
HIERARCHICAL
STRUCTURE
..........................................................
150
5.13.1
SCREEN
1:
A
SUB-CIRCUIT
MODEL
........................................................................................................................
151
5.13.2
SCREEN
2:
A
SECONDARY
SCHEMATIC
...................................................................................................................
151
5.13.3
SCREEN
3:
THE
MAIN
SCHEMATIC
........................................................................................................................
152
5.13.4
SCREEN
4:
SIMULATION
OF
THE
MAIN
SCHEMATIC
................................................................................................
152
5.14
EXPORTING
THE
HIERARCHY
DIRECTORY
...................................................................................................................
152
5.15
INTERACTION
BETWEEN
THE
LOW
AND
THE
HIGH
LEVEL
...........................................................................................
153
6
NETLIST
EDITOR
........................................................................................................................................154
6.1
HISTORICAL
ORIGIN
OF
NETLISTS
...............................................................................................................................
154
6.2
NETLIST,
A
MANDATORY
PASSAGE
..........................................................................................................................
154
6.3
STRUCTURE,
SYNTAX
AND
CONVENTIONS
OF
NETLISTS
................................................................................................
154
6.4
EXAMPLE
OF
A
NETLIST
.........................................................................................................................................
155
6.5
NETLIST
EDITOR
MENUS
.........................................................................................................................................
156
6.5.1
EDIT
MENU
..........................................................................................................................................................
156
6.5.2
VIEW
MENU
..........................................................................................................................................................
156
6.5.3
SIMULATE
MENU
..................................................................................................................................................
156
6.5.4
NETLIST
EDITOR
POP-UP
MENU
.............................................................................................................................
156
6.6
EDITING
A
NETLIST
................................................................................................................................................
157
6.7
SYNTAX
OF
THE
NETLIST
FILE
.CIR,
.NET
OR
,SP
..........................................................................................................
158
6.8
HOW
TO
OPEN
THE
NETLIST
EDITOR
FROM
A
SCHEMATIC
.........................................................................................
158
6.9
RUNNING
A
NETLIST
.............................................................................................................................................
162
6.10
EXPORTING
A
NETLIST
CORRESPONDING
TO
A
SCHEMATIC
.........................................................................................
163
6.11
SYSTEM
COMMANDS
USED
IN
NETLISTS
..............................................................................................................
164
7
GRAPHICAL
EDITOR
AND
NUMERICAL
OUTPUT
...........................................................................................165
7.1
DISPLAYING
SIMULATION
COMPUTATION
RESULTS
.....................................................................................................
165
7.2
HOW
TO
SELECT
MEASUREMENT
POINTS
ON
YOUR
SCHEMATIC
...............................................................................
165
7.3
HOW
TO
DISPLAY
A
MEASUREMENT
ON
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
........................................................................
165
7.3.1
VIEWING
A
VOLTAGE
REFERENCED
TO
GROUND
.......................................................................................................
166
7.3.2
VIEWING
A
CURRENT
.............................................................................................................................................
166
7.3.3
VIEWING
A
DIFFERENTIAL
VOLTAGE
(NOT
REFERENCED
TO
GROUND)
.............................................................................
166
7.3.4
DELETING
PRIOR
TRACES
.........................................................................................................................................
167
7.3.5
SELECTIVELY
DELETING
ONE
OR
MORE
TRACES
.........................................................................................................
167
7.3.6
DISPLAYING
INSTANTANEOUS
POWER
.....................................................................................................................
167
7
7.3.7
DISPLAYING
THE
AVERAGE
POWER
AND
THE
INTEGRAL
OF
THE
ENERGY
OVER
THE
DISPLAYED
PERIOD
.........................
168
7.3.8
DISPLAYING
THE
AVERAGE
VOLTAGE,
THE
AVERAGE
CURRENT
OR
THE
TRUE
RMS
VALUE
..........................................
168
7.4
USING
THE
MENUS
............................................................................................................................................
169
7.4.1
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
EDITOR
AND
FFT
ANALYSIS
................................................................................................
169
7.4.2
FILE
MENU
........................................................................................................................................................
170
7.4.3
VIEW
MENU
........................................................................................................................................................
170
7.4.4
PLOT
SETTINGS
MENU
(VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
CONFIGURATION)
.............................................................................
171
7.4.5
SIMULATION
MENU
(RUNNING
THE
SIMULATION)
...................................................................................................
173
7.4.6
TOOLS
MENU
.....................................................................................................................................................
173
7.4.7
WINDOW
MENU
................................................................................................................................................
174
7.4.8
HELP
MENU
........................................................................................................................................................
174
7.4.9
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
POP-UP
MENU
.................................................................................................................
174
7.5
CHOOSING
WHICH
MEASUREMENTS
TO
DISPLAY
...................................................................................................
175
7.6
ADDING
AN
ADDITIONAL
TRACE
OR
PANE
...............................................................................................................
177
7.6.1
ADDING
AN
ADDITIONAL
TRACE
.............................................................................................................................
177
7.6.2
ADDING
AN
ADDITIONAL
PANE
.............................................................................................................................
179
7.7
ZOOM
FUNCTIONS
..............................................................................................................................................
179
7.8
MATHEMATICAL
OPERATIONS
IN
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
.................................................................................
179
7.9
REQUEST
THE
CALCULATION
OF
A
MATHEMATICAL
EXPRESSION
.............................................................................
180
7.9.1
MODIFYING
THE
APPEARANCE
OF
A
TRACE
............................................................................................................
181
7.10
USER-DEFINED
FUNCTIONS
..................................................................................................................................
181
7.11
AXIS
SCALE
MODIFICATIONS
...............................................................................................................................
183
7.11.1
VERTICAL
AXIS
SCALES
.........................................................................................................................................
183
7.11.2
HORIZONTAL
AXIS
SCALES
....................................................................................................................................
184
7.12
USING
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
IN
X-Y
MODE
................................................................................................
185
7.13
POP-UP
MENU
AND
SCALES
...............................................................................................................................
186
7.14
OTHER
SETTINGS
FOR
SCALES
...............................................................................................................................
187
7.14.1
LEFT
VERTICAL
SCALE
...........................................................................................................................................
188
7.14.2
DISPLAYING
ONLY
THE
PHASE
.............................................................................................................................
188
7.14.3
RIGHT
VERTICAL
SCALE
.........................................................................................................................................
189
7.15
MANAGING
THE
MULTI-TRACE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
...........................................................................................
190
7.16
INFORMATION
CONCERNING
THE
TRACES
OF
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
...................................................................
192
7.17
OTHER
ARRANGEMENTS
OF
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
TRACES
...............................................................................
194
7.18
COLOUR
CONTROLS
OF
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
..................................................................................................
194
7.19
TWO
MEASUREMENT
CURSORS
.............................................................................................................................
196
7.19.1
PLACEMENT
OF
MEASUREMENT
CURSORS
ON
CURVES
...........................................................................................
197
7.20
DISPLAY
OF
COORDINATES
ON
THE
BOTTOM
BAR
..................................................................................................
199
7.21
SAVING
THE
CONFIGURATION
OF
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
..................................................................................
200
7.22
FASTER
LOADING
OF
FILES
....................................................................................................................................
201
7.23
RAM
MEMORY
AND
ADDRESS
SPACE
.................................................................................................................
202
7.24
PRESENTATION
OF
THE
SPICE
ERROR
LOG
BUFFER
FILE
...........................................................................................
202
7.25
THE
.FOUR
COMMAND
....................................................................................................................................
202
7.26
THE
COMBINATION
OF
THE
.STEP
AND
.MEAS
COMMANDS
...............................................................................
206
7.26.1
COMPUTATION
STEPS
USING
THE
.MEAS
COMMAND
.........................................................................................
209
7.26.2
LEVEL
2
DISPLAY
WITH
THE
SPICE
ERROR
LOG
FILE
.............................................................................................
211
8
7.27
CONTROLLER
ADJUSTMENT
......................................................................................................................................
216
7.27.1
MEASUREMENT
PRINCIPLE
....................................................................................................................................
216
7.28
CHOOSING
THE
RESOLUTION
OF
THE
.STEP
LOOP
CORRECTLY
....................................................................................
224
8
THE
COMMANDS
...................................................................................................................................
228
8.1
COMMAND
DEFINITION
.........................................................................................................................................
228
8.1.1
THE
COMMAND
EDITOR
.........................................................................................................................................
228
8.1.2
COMMAND
SYNTAX
.............................................................................................................................................
232
8.1.3
FIRST
SYNTAX
RULE
................................................................................................................................................
233
8.1.4
SECOND
SYNTAX
RULE
............................................................................................................................................
233
8.1.5
THIRD
SYNTAX
RULE
................................................................................................................................................
234
8.2
.OPTIONS
PARAMETERS
THAT
MODIFY
HOW
A
SIMULATION
RUNS
.............................................................................
235
8.3
.IC
SETTING
THE
INITIAL
CONDITIONS
FOR
A
TIME
SIMULATION
...................................................................................
239
8.4
.SAVEBIAS
SAVING
A
DC
OPERATING
POINT
.........................................................................................................
241
8.5
.LOADBIAS
LOADING
A
DC
OPERATING
POINT
.........................................................................................................
242
8.6
.NET
COMPUTING
NETWORK
PARAMETERS
WITH
AN
AC
SIMULATION
.........................................................................
242
8.7
.NODESET
INITIAL
CONDITIONS
FOR
DC
ANALYSIS
.....................................................................................................
243
9
THE
SIX
MAIN
SIMULATIONS
.................................................................................................................245
9.1
PRESENTATION
OF
THE
SIX
MAIN
SIMULATIONS
.......................................................................................................
245
9.1.1
DC
(CONTINUOUS)
SIMULATIONS
..........................................................................................................................
246
9.1.2
AC
(FREQUENCY)
SIMULATIONS
............................................................................................................................
246
9.1.3
NON-LINEAR
CIRCUIT
SIMULATIONS
........................................................................................................................
247
9.1.4
SIMULATION
CHARACTERISTICS
...............................................................................................................................
247
9.2
SELECTION
CRITERIA
IN
SIMULATIONS
......................................................................................................................
248
9.2.1
WHEN
THE
CIRCUIT
S
ONLY
EXCITATION
SOURCE
IS
A
DC
VOLTAGE
............................................................................
248
9.2.2
WHEN
THE
CIRCUIT
S
ONLY
EXCITATION
SOURCE
IS
A
LOW-AMPLITUDE
AC
VOLTAGE
....................................................
250
9.2.3
WHEN
THE
CIRCUIT
S
ONLY
EXCITATION
SOURCE
IS
A
HIGH-AMPLITUDE
AC
VOLTAGE
(OR
ANY
OTHER
ACTION
TRIGGERING
THE
NON-LINEARITY
OF
THE
CIRCUIT
COMPONENTS)
..............................................
251
9.3
.OP
-
SIMULATION
OF
A
DC
OPERATING
POINT
.......................................................................................................
251
9.4
,DC
-
DC
SIMULATION
WITH
SWEEPING
(ONE
TO
THREE
SOURCES)
..........................................................................
253
9.5
.TF
-
SIMULATION
OF
THE
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
(GAIN,
INPUT
IMPEDANCE,
OUTPUT
IMPEDANCE)
.................................
254
9.6
.AC
-
SIMULATION
OF
AN
AC
SIGNAL
AROUND
AN
OPERATING
POINT
.........................................................................
257
9.7
.NOISE
-
NOISE
SIMULATION
.................................................................................................................................
260
9.8
.TRAN
-
TIME
SIMULATION
(NON-LINEAR)
..............................................................................................................
261
9.9
.TRAN
TIME
SIMULATION
CONFIGURATION
................................................................................................................
264
9.9.1
CAUTION
WITH
THE
MAXIMUM
TIMESTEP
VALUE
..................................................................................................
264
9.9.2
UIC
PARAMETER
(TIME
SIMULATION)
.....................................................................................................................
270
9.9.3
STARTUP
PARAMETER
(TIME
SIMULATION)
..............................................................................................................
271
9.9.4
STEADY
PARAMETER
(TIME
SIMULATION)
................................................................................................................
273
9.9.5
.NODISCARD
PARAMETER
(TIME
SIMULATION)
.........................................................................................................
275
9.9.6
.STEP
PARAMETER
(TIME
SIMULATION)
...................................................................................................................
276
9
10
TWO
DEDICATED
TYPES
OF
ANALYSIS
.......................................................................................................
280
10.1
DESCRIPTION
OF
THESE
TWO
TYPES
OF
ANALYSIS
......................................................................................................
280
10.2
.TEMP
-
TEMPERATURE
SWEEP
SIMULATION
..........................................................................................................
280
10.3
.FOUR
-
EDIT
THE
HARMONICS
IN
NUMERICAL
FORM
................................................................................................
285
10.4
HOW
THE
FFT
ANALYSIS
WORKS
.............................................................................................................................
286
10.4.1
FFT
CONFIGURATION
..............................................................................................................................................
286
10.4.2
CONDITIONS
TO
MEET
TO
OBTAIN
A
REPRESENTATIVE
FFT
ANALYSIS
.........................................................................
290
11
PASSIVE
AND
ACTIVE
COMPONENTS
.......................................................................................................
303
11.1
INTRODUCTION
TO
USING
THE
PARAMETERS
OF
A
COMPONENT
MODEL
......................................................................
303
11.2
PASSIVE
COMPONENTS
..........................................................................................................................................
303
11.3
GENERIC
RESISTOR
R
MODEL
...................................................................................................................................
304
11.4
GENERIC
CAPACITOR
C
MODEL
..............................................................................................................................
306
11.4.1
THE
STANDARD
GENERIC
CAPACITOR
SUB-MODEL
....................................................................................................
307
11.4.2
SECOND
GENERIC
CAPACITOR
SUB-MODEL
.............................................................................................................
309
11.5
GENERIC
INDUCTOR
L
MODEL
................................................................................................................................
309
11.6
ACTIVE
COMPONENTS
............................................................................................................................................
310
11.7
GENERIC
DIODE
D
MODEL
....................................................................................................................................
310
11.7.1
THE
FIRST
STANDARD
AND
LINEAR
GENERIC
SUB-MODEL
OF
DIODE
D
......................................................................
311
11.7.2
THE
SECOND
NON-LINEAR
GENERIC
SUB-MODEL
OF
DIODE
D
..................................................................................
312
11.7.3
THE
THIRD
BERKELEY
GENERIC
SUB-MODEL
OF
DIODE
D
(NON-LINEAR)
...................................................................
313
11.8
GENERIC
BIPOLAR
TRANSISTOR
Q
MODEL
.................................................................................................................
315
11.8.1
THE
EBERS-MOLL
AND
GUMMEL-POON
GENERIC
SUB-MODELS
..............................................................................
315
11.8.2
VBIC
GENERIC
SUB-MODEL
..................................................................................................................................
318
11.9
GENERIC
JFET
J
MODEL
....................................................................................................................................
322
11.10
GENERIC
MOSFET
M
MODEL
.............................................................................................................................
324
11.11
GENERIC
MODEL
OF
MOSFET
WITH
DOUBLE
VERTICAL
DISTRIBUTION
......................................................................
328
11.12
GENERIC
MESFET
Z
MODEL
...............................................................................................................................
332
11.13
GENERIC
IGBT
MODEL
.........................................................................................................................................
334
11.14
UNIJUNCTION,
PHOTOTRANSISTOR,
THYRISTOR
AND
TRIAC
TRANSISTOR
MODELS
..........................................................
335
11.15
MULTIPLIER
OF
COMPONENTS
IN
PARALLEL
OR
IN
SERIES
...........................................................................................
335
11.15.1
COMPONENTS
IN
PARALLEL
....................................................................................................................................
335
11.15.2
COMPONENTS
IN
SERIES
.......................................................................................................................................
337
12
INDUCTORS,
TRANSFORMERS
AND
MUTUAL
INDUCTION
..............................................................................
339
12.1
GENERIC
INDUCTOR
L
MODEL
(WITHOUT
SATURATION)
..............................................................................................
339
12.2
COIL
AND
AIR-CORE
INDUCTOR
WITHOUT
A
SATURABLE
MAGNETIC
CIRCUIT
...................................................................
339
12.2.1
COIL
AND
WOUND
INDUCTOR
WITHOUT
A
MAGNETIC
CIRCUIT
....................................................................................
340
12.2.2
COIL
AND
INDUCTOR
WITH
A
SATURABLE
MAGNETIC
CIRCUIT
....................................................................................
341
12.3
GENERIC
L
INDUCTOR
MODEL
...............................................................................................................................
343
12.3.1
GENERIC
INDUCTOR
SUB-MODEL
(LINEAR
AND
WITHOUT
SATURATION)
........................................................................
343
12.3.2
DEFAULT
VALUES
APPLIED
TO
INDUCTORS
BY
LTSPICE
..............................................................................................
344
12.4
CHAN
MODEL
OF
INDUCTOR
L
................................................................................................................................
345
12.4.1
MODEL
WITH
SATURATION
AND
HYSTERESIS
............................................................................................................
345
12.4.2
FIRST
GROUP
OF
PARAMETERS
...............................................................................................................................
346
10
12.4.3
SECOND
GROUP
OF
PARAMETERS
..........................................................................................................................
347
12.4.4
THIRD
GROUP
OF
PARAMETERS
...............................................................................................................................
348
12.5
THE
TRANSFORMER
MODEL
.....................................................................................................................................
350
12.5.1
HOW
TO
CREATE
A
TRANSFORMER
USING
THE
STANDARD
MODEL
...............................................................................
350
12.5.2
ADDING
A
TRANSFORMER:
FIRST
METHOD
................................................................................................................
352
12.5.3
ADDING
A
TRANSFORMER:
SECOND
METHOD
.........................................................................................................
353
12.5.4
CONCLUSION
ON
THE
TWO
TRANSFORMER
CREATION
METHODS
..................................................................................
354
12.5.5
MULTIPLE
OPERATING
MODES
OF
A
TRANSFORMER
...................................................................................................
357
12.6
TRANSFORMER
WITH
SATURATION
AND
HYSTERESIS
OF
MAGNETIC
MATERIAL
...............................................................
358
13
IMPORTING
A
COMPONENT
FROM
THE
INTERNET
OR
CREATING
IT
...............................................................
361
13.1
MODELLED
COMPONENTS
COMPATIBLE
WITH
SPICE
.............................................................................................
361
13.1.1
MODELLED
COMPONENTS
COMPATIBLE
WITH
LTSPICE
...........................................................................................
361
13.1.2
COMPOSITION
OF
A
MODEL
...................................................................................................................................
362
13.2
VARIOUS
WEBSITES
.............................................................................................................................................
362
13.3
THE
NXP
WEBSITE
.............................................................................................................................................
363
13.4
CACHAN
TECHNICAL
COLLEGE
S
DOWNLOAD
WEBSITE
.............................................................................................
369
13.5
THE
TEXAS
INSTRUMENTS
WEBSITE
.....................................................................................................................
371
13.6
DOWNLOAD
WEBSITES
...........................................................................................................................................
373
13.6.1
THE
LTWIKI.ORG
WEBSITE
...................................................................................................................................
374
13.6.2
THE
GROUPS.IO
WEBSITE:
LTSPICE
.....................................................................................................................
378
13.6.3
LIST
OF
MANUFACTURER
WEBSITES
PROVIDING
SPICE
MODELS
...............................................................................
378
13.7
DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN
A
MODEL
AND
A
SUB-CIRCUIT
...........................................................................................
379
13.7.1
THE
MODEL
.........................................................................................................................................................
379
13.7.2
THE
SUB-CIRCUIT
..................................................................................................................................................
381
13.8
HOW
TO
MODIFY
A
MODEL
....................................................................................................................................
383
13.8.1
OBSERVATION
ON
THE
CREATION
OF
MODELS
.........................................................................................................
383
13.9
HOW
IS
A
NEW
MODEL
ADDED
TO
LTSPICE?
..........................................................................................................
384
13.9.1
FIRST
METHOD:
ADDING
A
MODEL
TO
AN
EXISTING
LIBRARY
....................................................................................
384
13.9.2
SECOND
METHOD:
ADDING
A
MODEL
TO
A
DIRECTORY
ON
THE
HARD
DRIVE
..............................................................
388
13.9.3
THIRD
METHOD:
ADDING
A
MODEL
DIRECTLY
TO
THE
SCHEMATIC
.............................................................................
389
13.9.4
A
FEW
GUIDELINES
REGARDING
THE
THREE
METHODS
.............................................................................................
390
13.10
HOW
TO
ADD
A
SUB-CIRCUIT
.................................................................................................................................
390
13.10.1
FIRST
METHOD:
ADDING
A
SYMBOL
TO
THE
SYMBOL
DIRECTORY
...............................................................................
391
13.10.2
SECOND
METHOD:
REUSING
A
SCHEMATIC
SYMBOL
.............................................................................................
395
13.10.3
THIRD
METHOD:
ADDING
THE
NEW
COMPONENTS
TO
THE
SCHEMATIC
...................................................................
396
13.10.4
AUTOMATIC
SYMBOL
CREATION
FROM
THE
NETLIST
..................................................................................................
400
13.10.5
AUTOMATIC
SYMBOL
CREATION
FROM
THE
SUB-CIRCUIT
SCHEMATIC
........................................................................
400
13.10.6
CREATING
A
SYMBOL
BY
MODIFYING
THE
ATTRIBUTES
OF
AN
EXISTING
SYMBOL
.......................................................
402
13.11
STEP-BY-STEP
SUB-CIRCUIT
CREATION
..................................................................................................................
405
13.11.1
CREATION
OF
A
SUB-CIRCUIT
USING
THE
AUTOMATIC
GENERATOR
IN
14
SIMPLE
STEPS
...........................................
405
13.11.2
CREATION
OF
A
SUB-CIRCUIT
USING
THE
REASSIGNED
SRC
SYMBOL
IN
16
SIMPLE
STEPS
......................................
405
13.11.3
SECOND
EXAMPLE:
CREATING
A
CONFIGURABLE
SUB-CIRCUIT
.................................................................................
406
13.12
USING
MODELS
AND
SUB-CIRCUITS
.......................................................................................................................
413
13.13
.LIB
AND
.INC
COMMANDS
.................................................................................................................................
413
11
14
THE
COMMANDS
.FUNC,
.MEAS,
.PARAM,
.STEP
AND
AKO
................................................................
415
14.1
THE
COMMANDS
................................................................................................................................................
415
14.2
THE
.FUNC
COMMAND
.......................................................................................................................................
416
14.2.1
FIRST
EXAMPLE
...................................................................................................................................................
416
14.2.2
BENEFITS
OF
USING
THE
.FUNC
COMMANDS
.......................................................................................................
418
14.2.3
SECOND
EXAMPLE
................................................................................................................................................
418
14.3
THE
.MEAS
COMMAND
.......................................................................................................................................
419
14.3.1
FIRST
USE:
COMPUTATION
USING
OFF-CURVE
VARIABLES
.........................................................................................
420
14.3.2
SECOND
USE:
COMPUTATION
USING
A
SINGLE
CURVE
VALUE
..................................................................................
421
14.3.3
THIRD
USE:
COMPUTATION
USING
ALL
THE
CURVE
VALUES
......................................................................................
423
14.3.4
SEVEN
EXAMPLES
FOR
THE
USE
OF
THE
.MEAS
COMMAND
..................................................................................
425
14.4
CURLY
BRACKETS,
.PARAM,
AKO
AND
.STEP
COMMANDS
......................................................................................
433
14.5
CURLY
BRACKETS
...................................................................................................................................................
434
14.6
THE
.PARAM
COMMAND
AND
THE
PARAM
FUNCTION
.........................................................................................
437
14.7
THE
.STEP
COMMAND
.........................................................................................................................................
440
14.7.1
BE
CAREFUL
NOT
TO
RUN
TOO
MANY
LOOPS
............................................................................................................
440
14.7.2
THE
.STEP
COMMAND
IS
POWERFUL
......................................................................................................................
440
14.7.3
THE
ORDER
OF
EXECUTION
OF
MULTIPLE
LOOPS
.......................................................................................................
441
14.7.4
EXAMPLE
1
..........................................................................................................................................................
442
14.7.5
EXAMPLE
2
..........................................................................................................................................................
443
14.7.6
EXAMPLE
3
..........................................................................................................................................................
446
14.7.7
EXAMPLE
4
..........................................................................................................................................................
448
14.8
FREQUENTLY
ASKED
QUESTIONS
REGARDING
THE
.STEP
COMMAND
..........................................................................
450
14.8.1
CAN
A
SIMULATION
COMPUTATION
BE
AUTOMATED?
..............................................................................................
450
14.8.2
HOW
ARE
SIMULATIONS
PERFORMED
WITH
THE
TEMPERATURE?
...............................................................................
450
14.8.3
HOW
IS
A
SIMULATION
CONFIGURED
WITH
A
COMPONENT
VALUE?
..........................................................................
453
14.8.4
HOW
TO
CREATE
A
PARAMETRIC
SIMULATION
WITH
A
SOURCE
..................................................................................
454
14.8.5
HOW
TO
CREATE
A
THREE-LEVEL
PARAMETRIC
SIMULATION
......................................................................................
454
14.8.6
THE
SELECT
STEP
COMMAND
IN
THE
POP-UP
MENU
...........................................................................................
457
14.8.7
HOW
CAN
CURVE
VALUES
BE
IDENTIFIED
?
............................................................................................................
459
14.8.8
HOW
CAN
THE
ORDER
OF
SEVERAL
NESTED
.STEP
LOOPS
BE
CHANGED?
...................................................................
462
14.8.9
MAXIMUM
NUMBER
OF
INCREMENTS
OF
A
.STEP
LOOP
.........................................................................................
463
14.8.10
DIFFERENT
WAYS
A
.STEP
LOOP
CAN
BE
INCREMENTED
...........................................................................................
464
14.8.11
LOOP
DEFINED
PER
DECADE
WITH
A
LOGARITHMIC
DISTRIBUTION
..............................................................................
464
14.8.12
LOOP
DEFINED
PER
OCTAVE
WITH
A
LOGARITHMIC
DISTRIBUTION
.............................................................................
464
14.8.13
LOOP
WITH
A
LINEAR
DISTRIBUTION
OF
INTERVALS
.....................................................................................................
465
14.8.14
LOOP
WITH
A
LIST
OF
INCREMENT
VALUES
..............................................................................................................
465
14.8.15
HOW
CAN
.STEP
LOOP
VARIATION
UNITS
BE
INCLUDED
IN
THE
X-AXIS?
...................................................................
466
14.8.16
HOW
CAN
NON-NUMERICAL
VALUES
BE
INCREMENTED?
.........................................................................................
466
14.8.17
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
REGARDING
THE
.STEP
COMMAND
.................................................................................
467
14.8.18
MAXIMUM
NUMBER
LIMIT
FOR
A
SINGLE
.STEP
LOOP
.............................................................................................
468
12
15
THE
AKO:
COMMANDS:
.FOUR
.WAVE
.MODEL
.SUBCKT
.INCLUDE
.LIB
.IC
.SAVE
..................
470
15.1
THE
AKO:
FUNCTION
........................................................................................................................................
470
15.1.1
THE
AKO:
COMMAND
(TYPE
CHANGER)
................................................................................................................
470
15.1.2
FIRST
EXAMPLE:
CHANGING
A
MODEL
PARAMETER
...............................................................................................
471
15.1.3
SECOND
EXAMPLE:
CHANGING
SEVERAL
MODEL
PARAMETERS
................................................................................
473
15.1.4
THIRD
EXAMPLE:
CHANGING
7
PARAMETERS
USING
3
.STEP
LOOPS
.........................................................................
475
15.1.5
FOURTH
EXAMPLE:
CHANGING
THE
COMPONENT
MODEL
.........................................................................................
476
15.2
THE
.FOUR
COMMAND
......................................................................................................................................
479
15.3
THE
.WAVE
COMMAND
......................................................................................................................................
480
15.4
THE
.MODEL
COMMAND
...................................................................................................................................
481
15.5
THE
.SUBCKT
COMMAND
.................................................................................................................................
483
15.6
THE
.INCLUDE
AND
.LIB
COMMANDS
................................................................................................................
484
15.7
THE
.IC
COMMAND
.............................................................................................................................................
485
15.8
THE
.SAVE
COMMAND
........................................................................................................................................
486
16
THE
.OPTIONS
COMMAND
AND
THE
CONTROL
PANEL
.................................................................................
488
16.1
THE
.OPTIONS
COMMAND
.................................................................................................................................
488
16.1.1
EYE
DIAGRAM
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
(TRANSMISSION)
............................................................................................
490
16.1.2
TRANSIENT
SIMULATION
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
(NON-LINEAR
SIGNALS)
......................................................................
490
16.1.3
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
OF
THE
.MEAS
COMMAND
..................................................................................................
490
16.1.4
CONTROL
AND
CONVERGENCE
HELP
PARAMETERS
..................................................................................................
491
16.1.5
NEWTON-RAPHSON
METHOD
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
.............................................................................................
492
16.1.6
SAVING
AND
COMPRESSION
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
................................................................................................
492
16.1.7
COMPONENT
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
.....................................................................................................................
493
16.1.8
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
OF
DC
BIAS
SIMULATIONS
...................................................................................................
493
16.1.9
GENERAL
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
.............................................................................................................................
494
16.1.10
NEW
PARAMETERS
IN
LTSPICE
XVII
..................................................................................................................
495
16.2
THE
NINE
TABS
OF
THE
CONTROL
PANEL
.................................................................................................................
495
16.2.1
COMPRESSION
TAB
.............................................................................................................................................
496
16.2.2
SAVE
TAB
...........................................................................................................................................................
497
16.2.3
SPICE
TAB
.........................................................................................................................................................
499
16.2.4
DRAFTING
TAB
......................................................................................................................................................
503
16.2.5
NETLIST
TAB
.........................................................................................................................................................
505
16.2.6
TOOLS/CONTROL
PANEL/SYM.
&
LIB.
SEARCH
PATHS
OPERATION
TAB
......................................................................
506
16.2.7
WAVEFORM
TAB
....................................................................................................................................................
509
16.2.8
OPERATION
TAB
....................................................................................................................................................
510
16.2.9
HACKSTAB
........................................................................................................................................................
511
16.2.10
INTERNET
TAB
......................................................................................................................................................
513
16.3
KEYBOARD
SHORTCUTS
..........................................................................................................................................
514
16.4
COLOR
SELECTION
TAB:
COLOR
PREFERENCES
.........................................................................................................
518
16.5
OPENING
AN
EDITOR
............................................................................................................................................
520
13
17
VOLTAGE
AND
CURRENT
SOURCE
EDITOR
.....................................................................................................
521
17.1
TWO
TYPES
OF
SOURCE
AND
TWO
EDITORS
..............................................................................................................
521
17.2
TWO
MAJOR
TYPES
OF
SOURCE,
DEPENDENT
OR
INDEPENDENT
...............................................................................
522
17.3
ALL
SIMULATIONS
NEED
AN
INDEPENDENT
SOURCE
................................................................................................
523
17.4
HOW
TO
PLACE
A
SOURCE
ON
A
SCHEMATIC
...........................................................................................................
524
17.4.1
THREE
INDEPENDENT
SOURCES
.............................................................................................................................
524
17.4.2
NINE
DEPENDENT
SOURCES,
SIX
LINEAR
AND
THREE
NON-LINEAR
.............................................................................
525
17.5
V
-
INDEPENDENT
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
(NCVS)
.......................................................................................................
526
17.5.1
PULSE
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
........................................................................................................................................
527
17.5.2
SINE
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
(SINUSOIDAL)
......................................................................................................................
527
17.5.3
EXP
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
(EXPONENTIAL)
...................................................................................................................
527
17.5.4
SFFM
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
(FREQUENCY-MODULATED)
................................................................................................
528
17.5.5
ARBITRARY
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
MODULATED
BY
A
PWL
COMMAND
..............................................................................
528
17.5.6
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
MODULATED
BY
A
.WAV
FILE
.......................................................................................................
528
17.6
I
-
INDEPENDENT
CURRENT
SOURCE
(NCOS)
.........................................................................................................
529
17.6.1
PULSE
CURRENT
SOURCE
......................................................................................................................................
530
17.6.2
SINE
CURRENT
SOURCE
(SINUSOIDAL)
.....................................................................................................................
530
17.6.3
EXP
CURRENT
SOURCE
(EXPONENTIAL)
...................................................................................................................
530
17.6.4
SFFM
CURRENT
SOURCE
(FREQUENCY-MODULATED)
.................................................................................................
531
17.6.5
MODULATED
CURRENT
SOURCES
.............................................................................................................................
531
17.7
LOAD
-
INDEPENDENT
ACTIVE
LOAD
(CSVL)
.........................................................................................................
533
17.8
THE
INDEPENDENT
SOURCE
EDITOR
........................................................................................................................
534
17.8.1
CONFIGURATION
OF
THE
FREQUENCY
SWEEP
OF
AN
INDEPENDENT
SOURCE
FOR
AN
AC
SIMULATION
............................
536
17.8.2
CONFIGURATION
OF
INDEPENDENT
SOURCES
FOR
A
DC
SIMULATION
(LOW
AMPLITUDES)
...........................................
537
17.8.3
CONFIGURATION
OF
INDEPENDENT
SOURCES
FOR
AN
AC
SIMULATION
(LOW
AMPLITUDES)
.........................................
541
17.9
DEPENDENT
SOURCES
...........................................................................................................................................
568
17.10
E
-
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
(VCVS)
................................................................................................
568
17.10.1
FIRST
MODEL:
THE
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
IS
A
CONSTANT
...........................................................................................
569
17.10.2
SECOND
MODEL:
THE
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
IS
A
TABLE
OF
VALUE
PAIRS
.....................................................................
571
17.10.3
THIRD
MODEL:
THE
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
IS
A
LAPLACE
TRANSFORM
IN
PARAMETERS
................................................
572
17.11
F
-
CURRENT-CONTROLLED
CURRENT
SOURCE
(CCCS)
.............................................................................................
574
17.12
G
-
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED
CURRENT
SOURCE
(VCCS)
.............................................................................................
577
17.12.1
FIRST
MODEL
.......................................................................................................................................................
578
17.12.2
SECOND
MODEL
..................................................................................................................................................
578
17.12.3
THIRD
MODEL
.......................................................................................................................................................
578
17.13
H
-
CURRENT-CONTROLLED
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
(CCVS)
.............................................................................................
579
17.14
VOLTAGE
OR
CURRENT
SOURCE
B
............................................................................................................................
580
17.15
B
-
NON-LINEAR,
ARBITRARY
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
(CVS)
.............................................................................................
580
17.16
B
-
ARBITRARY,
NON-LINEAR
CURRENT
SOURCES
(CCS)
...........................................................................................
582
17.17
ATTRIBUTE
EDITOR
FOR
DEPENDENT
SOURCES
.........................................................................................................
583
14
18
LOGIC
AND
SECONDARY
FUNCTIONS
........................................................................................................
586
18.1
SHARED
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
LOGIC
CIRCUITS
.........................................................................................................
586
18.2
STANDARD
LOGIC
GATES
........................................................................................................................................
587
18.3
LOGIC
GATES
WITH
SCHMITT
TRIGGERS
....................................................................................................................
587
18.4
LOGIC
FLIP-FLOPS
..................................................................................................................................................
588
18.4.1
SRFLOP
................................................................................................................................................................
588
18.4.2
DFLOP
..................................................................................................................................................................
588
18.5
PHASEDET:
PHASE
DETECTOR
WITH
CURRENT
OUTPUT
.............................................................................................
589
18.6
SAMPLEHOLD:
SAMPLE
AND
HOLD
.......................................................................................................................
592
18.6.1
FIRST
MODE
-
S/H
COMMAND
............................................................................................................................
593
18.6.2
SECOND
MODE
-
CLK
COMMAND
.....................................................................................................................
594
18.7
MODULATE
AND
MODULATE2:
FREQUENCY
AND
AMPLITUDE
MODULATOR
................................................................
594
18.8
THE
EYE
DIAGRAM
AND
THE
BAUDRATE
FUNCTION
..............................................................................................
598
18.9
CONFIGURING
THE
.AC
LIST
X-AXIS
.....................................................................................................................
607
18.9.1
EXAMPLEONE
....................................................................................................................................................
608
18.9.2
EXAMPLE
TWO
....................................................................................................................................................
610
18.10
ENCRYPTION
........................................................................................................................................................
612
18.11
OPTIONS
TO
ADD
WHEN
STARTING
LTSPICE
XVII
....................................................................................................
615
18.12
RESERVED
WORDS
...............................................................................................................................................
616
18.13
COMPUTATION
PRECISION
WITH
LTSPICE
XVII
....................................................................................................
616
18.13.1
DISTRIBUTION
OF
THE
64
BITS
..............................................................................................................................
616
18.13.2
LIMIT
OF
THIS
OPTION
..........................................................................................................................................
616
18.13.3
INCREASING
THE
PRECISION
.................................................................................................................................
617
18.14
ATTRIBUTION
TABLE
OF
THE
GENERIC
COMPONENT
MODEL
......................................................................................
617
18.15
S
AND
W
CONTROLLED
SWITCHES
.........................................................................................................................
618
18.16
S
-
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED
SWITCH
(TWO
MODELS)
..................................................................................................
619
18.16.1
FIRST
STANDARD
MODEL
LEVEL=1
.......................................................................................................................
621
18.16.2
SECOND
COMPLETE
MODEL
LEVEL=2
..................................................................................................................
622
18.17
W
-
CURRENT-CONTROLLED
SWITCH
(ONE
MODEL)
..................................................................................................
623
18.18
0
-
LOSSY
TRANSMISSION
LINE
(ONE
MODEL)
.......................................................................................................
628
18.19
T
-
LOSSLESS
TRANSMISSION
LINE
(ONE
MODEL)
..................................................................................................
629
18.20
U
-
RC
TRANSMISSION
LINE
(ONE
MODEL)
............................................................................................................
630
19
MONTE
CARLO
AND
WORST
CASE
............................................................................................................
632
19.1
MONTE
CARLO
OVERVIEW
......................................................................................................................................
632
19.1.1
MONTE
CARLO
1
(UNIFORM
DISTRIBUTION
AND
SIMPLE
SCHEMATIC)
........................................................................
632
19.1.2
MONTE
CARLO
1
...................................................................................................................................................
633
19.1.3
MONTE
CARLO
2
(GAUSSIAN
DISTRIBUTION
AND
SIMPLE
SCHEMATIC)
.....................................................................
634
19.1.4
MONTE
CARLO
2
(GAUSSIAN
DISTRIBUTION)
............................................................................................................
635
19.1.5
MONTE
CARLO
2
(WITH
SEMICONDUCTORS,
SUB-CIRCUITS
OR
MODELS)
...................................................................
638
19.1.6
MONTE
CARLO
1
(UNIFORM
DISTRIBUTION
WITH
SUB-CIRCUITS
OR
MODELS)
...............................................................
639
19.1.7
MONTE
CARLO
1
(UNIFORM
DISTRIBUTION
AND
SEMICONDUCTORS)
...........................................................................
643
19.2
WORST
CASE
OVERVIEW
........................................................................................................................................
647
19.2.1
WORST
CASE
1
(RANDOM
SELECTION)
..................................................................................................................
647
19.2.2
WORST
CASE
2
(AUTOMATIC
SWEEP)
..................................................................................................................
647
15
19.2.3
WORST
CASE
3
(EXTENDED
APPLICATION)
..............................................................................................................
647
19.2.4
WORST
CASE
1
(RANDOM
SELECTION
AND
SIMPLE
SCHEMATIC)
.............................................................................
648
19.2.5
WORST
CASE
1
.....................................................................................................................................................
648
19.2.6
WORST
CASE
2
(AUTOMATIC
SWEEP
AND
LIMITATION
TO
16
COMPONENTS)
............................................................
651
19.2.7
WORST
CASE
(WITH
SEMICONDUCTORS,
SUB-CIRCUITS
OR
MODELS)
........................................................................
658
19.2.8
WORST
CASE
1
(WITH
SUB-CIRCUITS
OR
MODELS)
..................................................................................................
659
19.2.9
WORST
CASE
1
(WITH
SEMICONDUCTORS)
..............................................................................................................
661
19.2.10
WORST
CASE
2
(WITH
MODELS
AND
LIMITED
TO
16
COMPONENTS)
........................................................................
663
19.2.11
WORST
CASE
2
(WITH
SEMICONDUCTORS,
LIMITED
TO
16
COMPONENTS)
...............................................................
664
19.2.12
WORST
CASE
3
(NO
LIMITATION,
2
RUNS
REQUIRED)
................................................................................................
664
20
SOATHERM:
THERMAL
MODEL
FOR
MOSFET
WITH
HEATSINK
...................................................................
690
20.1
SOATHERM
FOR
LTSPICE
XVII
...............................................................................................................................
690
20.2
HOW
TO
USE
THE
SOATHERM
MODEL
WITH
LTSPICE
XVII
......................................................................................
690
20.3
THE
SOATHERM
MODELS
....................................................................................................................................
691
20.4
HOW
TO
OPERATE
THE
SOATHERM
MODEL
IN
LTSPICE
XVII
.................................................................................
691
20.5
DOES
THE
SOATHERM
MODEL
WORK
WITH
ALL
MOSFETS
IN
LTSPICE
XVII?
.......................................................
691
20.6
CALLING
A
MOS
THAT
IS
INCOMPATIBLE
WITH
SOATHERM
......................................................................................
692
20.7
HOW
TO
RECOGNISE
A
MOS-COMPATIBLE
SOATHERM
...........................................................................................
693
20.8
HOW
TO
ACCESS
THE
TERMINALS
..........................................................................................................................
696
20.9
HOW
TO
USE
THE
SECOND
SOATHERM-HEATSINK
MODEL
....................................................................................
703
20.10
HOW
THERMAL
FLUX
REALLY
WORKS
.........................................................................................................................
709
20.11
HOW
SOATHERM
MODELS
WORK
...........................................................................................................................
709
20.11.1
SOATHERM-HEATSINK
MODEL
.............................................................................................................................
709
20.11.2
SOATHERM-PCB
MODEL
......................................................................................................................................
710
20.12
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
TIME
CONSTANT
........................................................................................................................
711
20.13
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
THE
HEAT
SINK
.....................................................................................................................
713
20.14
HOW
TO
ACHIEVE
THERMAL
EQUILIBRIUM
OF
MOSFETS
IN
PARALLEL
.....................................................................
717
20.14.1
SCHEMATIC
WITH
MOSFETS
IN
PARALLEL
..............................................................................................................
718
20.14.2
THE
FIRST
SCHEMATIC
(THE
WORST
SOLUTION)
.........................................................................................................
718
20.14.3
THE
SECOND
SCHEMATIC
(A
LESS
BAD
SOLUTION)
...................................................................................................
721
20.14.4
THE
BEST
SOLUTION
.............................................................................................................................................
723
20.15
GENERAL
CONCLUSION
...........................................................................................................................................
724
21
A
FEW
EXAMPLES
...................................................................................................................................
725
21.1
DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN
LTSPICE
XVII
SIMULATIONS
AND
REALITY
.............................................................................
725
21.2
THE
.NOISE
SIMULATION
.......................................................................................................................................
726
21.3
A
PWL
FUNCTION
TO
CREATE
A
GENERATOR
OF
ARBITRARY
VOLTAGE
OR
CURRENT
SIGNALS
............................................
730
21.3.1
SPECIFIC
PWL
COMMANDS
.................................................................................................................................
731
21.4
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE:
CHANGING
THE
CONFIGURATION
OF
THE
OSCILLOSCOPE
TRACE
AXES
................................
732
21.5
STABILITY
OF
OPERATIONAL
AMPLIFIERS
WITH
AN
AC
SIMULATION
(OR
HOW
TO
JUGGLE
POLES
AND
ZEROS)
...............
734
21.5.1
FIRST
EXAMPLE
(FIGURE
21.11)
..........................................................................................................................
735
21.5.2
SECOND
EXAMPLE
...............................................................................................................................................
739
16
21.6
HOW
TO
IMPROVE
THE
RUNNING
SPEED
OF
LTSPICE
XVII
.......................................................................................
744
21.6.1
IF
YOU
DO
NOT
NEED
TO
SEE
THE
START-UP
PHASE
OF
AN
SMPS
POWER
SUPPLY,
YOU
CAN
REDUCE
THE
START-UP
TIME
BY
REDUCING
THE
SOFT-START
SETTING
....................................................................................
744
21.6.2
DELAYING
THE
APPLICATION
OF
THE
LOAD
FOR
AN
SMPS
........................................................................................
746
21.6.3
DEFINING
THE
INITIAL
CONDITIONS
..........................................................................................................................
747
21.6.4
REDUCING
THE
AMOUNT
OF
DATA
OF
A
TRANSIENT
SIMULATION
...............................................................................
750
21.6.5
AVOIDING
THE
STEP
OF
FINDING
THE
INITIAL
OPERATING
POINT
..................................................................................
752
21.6.6
CONVERTING
TO
FAST
ACCESS
FORMAT
WHEN
VIEWING
TRACES
IN
THE
OSCILLOSCOPE
.............................................
753
21.7
SAVING
TIME
WITH
SYNCHRONOUS
DETECTION
.......................................................................................................
754
INDEX
........................................................................................................................................................................763
17
|
adam_txt |
INDEX
WHY
A
NEW
BOOK
FOR
LTSPICE
XVII?
.
18
PREFACE
.
20
1
WHAT
'
S
NEW
IN
LTSPICE
XVII
.
21
1.1
WHAT
'
S
NEW
IN
THE
NEW
LTSPICE
XVII
VERSION
.
22
1.2
CREATING
AND
ADDING
ATTRIBUTES
TO
NEW
DIRECTORIES
.
23
1.2.1
LTSPICE
SYMBOL
.
23
1.3
LTSPICE
XVII
DIALOGUE
IMPROVED
ON
WINDOWS
.
26
1.4
NEW
FEATURES
IN
THE
INPUT
GRAPHICAL
INTERFACE
.
28
1.5
EASIER
ACCESS
TO
THE
EYE
DIAGRAM
.
32
1.6
RANDOM
STATE
MACHINE
.
33
1.7
BRIEFLY
REVISITING
LTSPICE
IV
.
36
2
FUNCTIONALITY
AND
FIRST
EXAMPLE
.
37
2.1
FIRST
USE
OF
LTSPICE
XVII
.
37
2.1.1
RUNNING
LTSPICE
XVII
ON
WINDOWS
.
37
2.2
FUNCTIONALITY
OF
LTSPICE
XVII
.
38
2.3
MENUS
OF
THE
LTSPICE
XVII
LAUNCH
PHASE
.
38
2.3.1
FILE
MENU
.
40
2.3.2
VIEW
MENU
.
40
2.3.3
TOOLS
MENU
.
40
2.3.4
HELP
MENU:
COMMON
TO
ALL
OPERATION
PHASES
OF
LTSPICE
XVII
.
41
2.3.5
POP-UP
MENU
OF
THE
LAUNCH
PAGE
.
41
2.4
A
DETAILED
EXAMPLE
DESCRIBED
STEP
BY
STEP
.
43
2.4.1
ENTERING
A
SCHEMATIC
.
47
2.4.2
CONFIGURING
COMPONENTS
.
55
2.4.3
CONFIGURING
A
SIMULATION
.
61
2.4.4
FIRST
FREQUENCY
MEASUREMENTS
.
64
2.4.5
TEMPORAL
MEASUREMENTS
.
64
2.4.6
FFT
MEASUREMENTS
.
68
2.4.7
HARMONIC
DISTORTION
MEASUREMENTS
.
69
2.4.8
MAXIMUM
AMPLITUDES
BEFORE
CLIPPING
.
71
2.4.9
ZOOMING
INTO
A
PART
OF
THE
CURVE
TO
OBSERVE
A
FAULT
.
74
2.4.10
TO
CONCLUDE
THIS
FIRST
APPROACH
.
76
3
SCHEMATICS
GRAPHICAL
EDITOR
.
77
3.1
THE
COMMANDS
OF
LTSPICE
XVII
.
77
3.2
THE
SCHEMATICS
GRAPHICAL
EDITORS
.
77
3.2.1
FILE
MENU
.
77
3.2.2
EDIT
MENU
.
79
3.2.3
HIERARCHY
MENU
.
82
3.2.4
VIEW
MENU
.
83
5
3.2.5
SIMULATE
MENU
.
86
3.2.6
TOOLS
MENU
.
88
3.2.7
WINDOW
MENU
(ORGANISING
DISPLAY
WINDOWS)
.
90
3.2.8
HELP
MENU
.
91
3.2.9
POP-UP
MENU
OF
THE
SCHEMATICS
GRAPHICAL
EDITOR
.
91
3.3
COMPONENT
DATABASES
.
99
3.4
CREATING
A
NEW
SCHEMATIC
.
100
3.4.1
OPENING
THE
SCHEMATICS
GRAPHICAL
EDITOR
.
100
3.4.2
PLACING
THE
FIRST
ELEMENTS
ON
THE
SCHEMATIC
PAGE
.
101
3.4.3
THE
MAIN
COMMANDS
OF
THE
SCHEMATICS
EDITOR
.
102
3.4.4
INTERCONNECT
THE
ELEMENTS
OF
A
SCHEMATIC
.
104
3.4.5
ENTERING
A
COMPONENT
VALUE
OR
CHARACTERISTIC
.
105
3.4.6
ENTERING
COMPONENT
VALUES
USING
THE
ATTRIBUTE
EDITOR
.
108
3.4.7
ENRICHING
THE
SCHEMATIC
(OPTIONAL)
.
109
3.4.8
ADDING
THE
SIMULATION,
THE
SOURCE
AND
THE
(OPTIONAL)
DIRECTIVES
.
110
3.4.9
SAVING
YOUR
SCHEMATIC
.
110
3.4.10
LAUNCH
THE
SIMULATION
.
111
3.5
REVISITING
THE
SCHEMATICS
EDITOR
USAGE
RULES
.
111
3.5.1
TWO
POINTS
DESERVE
YOUR
FULL
ATTENTION
.
111
3.5.2
EXPORTING
A
SCHEMATIC
.
112
4
SYNTAX
AND
COMPONENT
EDITOR
.113
4.1
GENERAL
SYNTAX
RULES
OF
LTSPICE
XVII
.
113
4.2
COMPONENT
VALUE
EDITORS
.
115
4.3
PROCEDURES
TO
ACCESS
COMMON
OR
COMPLEX
COMPONENT
MODELS
.
119
4.3.1
MODIFYING
A
COMPONENT
'
S
CURRENT
VALUES
.
119
4.3.2
DISPLAYING
COMPONENT
ATTRIBUTES
AND
MODIFYING
COMPONENT
VALUES
.
124
4.4
USAGE
OF
THE
ATTRIBUTE
EDITOR
LINES
.
127
4.5
DISPLAYING
THE
ATTRIBUTES
OF
A
COMPONENT
USING
TWO
MODELS
.
128
5
SYMBOL
EDITOR
AND
HIERARCHICAL
LINKS
.132
5.1
SYMBOL
EDITOR
MENU
.
132
5.1.1
FILE
MENU
.
132
5.1.2
EDIT
MENU
.
132
5.1.3
HIERARCHY
MENU
.
133
5.1.4
DRAW
MENU
.
133
5.1.5
VIEW
MENU
.
133
5.1.6
TOOLS
MENU
.
133
5.1.7
WINDOW
MENU
(ORGANISING
DISPLAY
WINDOWS)
.
134
5.1.8
HELP
MENU
.
134
5.1.9
POP-UP
MENU
OF
THE
SYMBOL
EDITOR
.
134
5.2
FIRST
STEP:
DRAW
THE
SYMBOL
.
134
5.3
SECOND
STEP:
ADD
CONNECTION
PINS
.
134
5.4
THIRD
STEP:
ADDING
OR
MODIFYING
ATTRIBUTES
.
135
5.5
POSSIBLE
CALLS
BY
A
SYMBOL
.
137
6
5.6
VISIBLE
ATTRIBUTES
ATTACHED
TO
THE
SYMBOL
.
139
5.7
AUTOMATIC
GENERATION
OF
SYMBOLS
FROM
A
SCHEMATIC
SECTION
.
140
5.8
AUTOMATIC
GENERATION
OF
SYMBOLS
FROM
A
NETLIST
.
141
5.9
HIERARCHICAL
LINKS
IN
LTSPICE
XVII
.
146
5.10
HIERARCHY
USAGE
RULES
.
147
5.10.1
A
METHOD
THAT
RESEMBLES
RUSSIAN
DOLLS
.
147
5.11
RULES
TO
FOLLOW
FOR
A
HIERARCHICAL
STRUCTURE
.
147
5.11.1
HIERARCHY
OF
LEVELS
.
149
5.12
HIERARCHY
MENU
COMMANDS
.
150
5.13
EXAMPLE:
DEVELOPMENT
OF
A
TWO-LEVEL
SIMPLE
HIERARCHICAL
STRUCTURE
.
150
5.13.1
SCREEN
1:
A
SUB-CIRCUIT
MODEL
.
151
5.13.2
SCREEN
2:
A
SECONDARY
SCHEMATIC
.
151
5.13.3
SCREEN
3:
THE
MAIN
SCHEMATIC
.
152
5.13.4
SCREEN
4:
SIMULATION
OF
THE
MAIN
SCHEMATIC
.
152
5.14
EXPORTING
THE
HIERARCHY
DIRECTORY
.
152
5.15
INTERACTION
BETWEEN
THE
LOW
AND
THE
HIGH
LEVEL
.
153
6
NETLIST
EDITOR
.154
6.1
HISTORICAL
ORIGIN
OF
NETLISTS
.
154
6.2
NETLIST,
A
MANDATORY
PASSAGE
.
154
6.3
STRUCTURE,
SYNTAX
AND
CONVENTIONS
OF
NETLISTS
.
154
6.4
EXAMPLE
OF
A
NETLIST
.
155
6.5
NETLIST
EDITOR
MENUS
.
156
6.5.1
EDIT
MENU
.
156
6.5.2
VIEW
MENU
.
156
6.5.3
SIMULATE
MENU
.
156
6.5.4
NETLIST
EDITOR
POP-UP
MENU
.
156
6.6
EDITING
A
NETLIST
.
157
6.7
SYNTAX
OF
THE
NETLIST
FILE
.CIR,
.NET
OR
,SP
.
158
6.8
HOW
TO
OPEN
THE
NETLIST
EDITOR
FROM
A
SCHEMATIC
.
158
6.9
RUNNING
A
NETLIST
.
162
6.10
EXPORTING
A
NETLIST
CORRESPONDING
TO
A
SCHEMATIC
.
163
6.11
SYSTEM
COMMANDS
USED
IN
NETLISTS
.
164
7
GRAPHICAL
EDITOR
AND
NUMERICAL
OUTPUT
.165
7.1
DISPLAYING
SIMULATION
COMPUTATION
RESULTS
.
165
7.2
HOW
TO
SELECT
MEASUREMENT
POINTS
ON
YOUR
SCHEMATIC
.
165
7.3
HOW
TO
DISPLAY
A
MEASUREMENT
ON
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
.
165
7.3.1
VIEWING
A
VOLTAGE
REFERENCED
TO
GROUND
.
166
7.3.2
VIEWING
A
CURRENT
.
166
7.3.3
VIEWING
A
DIFFERENTIAL
VOLTAGE
(NOT
REFERENCED
TO
GROUND)
.
166
7.3.4
DELETING
PRIOR
TRACES
.
167
7.3.5
SELECTIVELY
DELETING
ONE
OR
MORE
TRACES
.
167
7.3.6
DISPLAYING
INSTANTANEOUS
POWER
.
167
7
7.3.7
DISPLAYING
THE
AVERAGE
POWER
AND
THE
INTEGRAL
OF
THE
ENERGY
OVER
THE
DISPLAYED
PERIOD
.
168
7.3.8
DISPLAYING
THE
AVERAGE
VOLTAGE,
THE
AVERAGE
CURRENT
OR
THE
TRUE
RMS
VALUE
.
168
7.4
USING
THE
MENUS
.
169
7.4.1
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
EDITOR
AND
FFT
ANALYSIS
.
169
7.4.2
FILE
MENU
.
170
7.4.3
VIEW
MENU
.
170
7.4.4
PLOT
SETTINGS
MENU
(VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
CONFIGURATION)
.
171
7.4.5
SIMULATION
MENU
(RUNNING
THE
SIMULATION)
.
173
7.4.6
TOOLS
MENU
.
173
7.4.7
WINDOW
MENU
.
174
7.4.8
HELP
MENU
.
174
7.4.9
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
POP-UP
MENU
.
174
7.5
CHOOSING
WHICH
MEASUREMENTS
TO
DISPLAY
.
175
7.6
ADDING
AN
ADDITIONAL
TRACE
OR
PANE
.
177
7.6.1
ADDING
AN
ADDITIONAL
TRACE
.
177
7.6.2
ADDING
AN
ADDITIONAL
PANE
.
179
7.7
ZOOM
FUNCTIONS
.
179
7.8
MATHEMATICAL
OPERATIONS
IN
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
.
179
7.9
REQUEST
THE
CALCULATION
OF
A
MATHEMATICAL
EXPRESSION
.
180
7.9.1
MODIFYING
THE
APPEARANCE
OF
A
TRACE
.
181
7.10
USER-DEFINED
FUNCTIONS
.
181
7.11
AXIS
SCALE
MODIFICATIONS
.
183
7.11.1
VERTICAL
AXIS
SCALES
.
183
7.11.2
HORIZONTAL
AXIS
SCALES
.
184
7.12
USING
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
IN
X-Y
MODE
.
185
7.13
POP-UP
MENU
AND
SCALES
.
186
7.14
OTHER
SETTINGS
FOR
SCALES
.
187
7.14.1
LEFT
VERTICAL
SCALE
.
188
7.14.2
DISPLAYING
ONLY
THE
PHASE
.
188
7.14.3
RIGHT
VERTICAL
SCALE
.
189
7.15
MANAGING
THE
MULTI-TRACE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
.
190
7.16
INFORMATION
CONCERNING
THE
TRACES
OF
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
.
192
7.17
OTHER
ARRANGEMENTS
OF
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
TRACES
.
194
7.18
COLOUR
CONTROLS
OF
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
.
194
7.19
TWO
MEASUREMENT
CURSORS
.
196
7.19.1
PLACEMENT
OF
MEASUREMENT
CURSORS
ON
CURVES
.
197
7.20
DISPLAY
OF
COORDINATES
ON
THE
BOTTOM
BAR
.
199
7.21
SAVING
THE
CONFIGURATION
OF
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE
.
200
7.22
FASTER
LOADING
OF
FILES
.
201
7.23
RAM
MEMORY
AND
ADDRESS
SPACE
.
202
7.24
PRESENTATION
OF
THE
SPICE
ERROR
LOG
BUFFER
FILE
.
202
7.25
THE
.FOUR
COMMAND
.
202
7.26
THE
COMBINATION
OF
THE
.STEP
AND
.MEAS
COMMANDS
.
206
7.26.1
COMPUTATION
STEPS
USING
THE
.MEAS
COMMAND
.
209
7.26.2
LEVEL
2
DISPLAY
WITH
THE
SPICE
ERROR
LOG
FILE
.
211
8
7.27
CONTROLLER
ADJUSTMENT
.
216
7.27.1
MEASUREMENT
PRINCIPLE
.
216
7.28
CHOOSING
THE
RESOLUTION
OF
THE
.STEP
LOOP
CORRECTLY
.
224
8
THE
COMMANDS
.
228
8.1
COMMAND
DEFINITION
.
228
8.1.1
THE
COMMAND
EDITOR
.
228
8.1.2
COMMAND
SYNTAX
.
232
8.1.3
FIRST
SYNTAX
RULE
.
233
8.1.4
SECOND
SYNTAX
RULE
.
233
8.1.5
THIRD
SYNTAX
RULE
.
234
8.2
.OPTIONS
PARAMETERS
THAT
MODIFY
HOW
A
SIMULATION
RUNS
.
235
8.3
.IC
SETTING
THE
INITIAL
CONDITIONS
FOR
A
TIME
SIMULATION
.
239
8.4
.SAVEBIAS
SAVING
A
DC
OPERATING
POINT
.
241
8.5
.LOADBIAS
LOADING
A
DC
OPERATING
POINT
.
242
8.6
.NET
COMPUTING
NETWORK
PARAMETERS
WITH
AN
AC
SIMULATION
.
242
8.7
.NODESET
INITIAL
CONDITIONS
FOR
DC
ANALYSIS
.
243
9
THE
SIX
MAIN
SIMULATIONS
.245
9.1
PRESENTATION
OF
THE
SIX
MAIN
SIMULATIONS
.
245
9.1.1
DC
(CONTINUOUS)
SIMULATIONS
.
246
9.1.2
AC
(FREQUENCY)
SIMULATIONS
.
246
9.1.3
NON-LINEAR
CIRCUIT
SIMULATIONS
.
247
9.1.4
SIMULATION
CHARACTERISTICS
.
247
9.2
SELECTION
CRITERIA
IN
SIMULATIONS
.
248
9.2.1
WHEN
THE
CIRCUIT
'
S
ONLY
EXCITATION
SOURCE
IS
A
DC
VOLTAGE
.
248
9.2.2
WHEN
THE
CIRCUIT
'
S
ONLY
EXCITATION
SOURCE
IS
A
LOW-AMPLITUDE
AC
VOLTAGE
.
250
9.2.3
WHEN
THE
CIRCUIT
'
S
ONLY
EXCITATION
SOURCE
IS
A
HIGH-AMPLITUDE
AC
VOLTAGE
(OR
ANY
OTHER
ACTION
TRIGGERING
THE
NON-LINEARITY
OF
THE
CIRCUIT
COMPONENTS)
.
251
9.3
.OP
-
SIMULATION
OF
A
DC
OPERATING
POINT
.
251
9.4
,DC
-
DC
SIMULATION
WITH
SWEEPING
(ONE
TO
THREE
SOURCES)
.
253
9.5
.TF
-
SIMULATION
OF
THE
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
(GAIN,
INPUT
IMPEDANCE,
OUTPUT
IMPEDANCE)
.
254
9.6
.AC
-
SIMULATION
OF
AN
AC
SIGNAL
AROUND
AN
OPERATING
POINT
.
257
9.7
.NOISE
-
NOISE
SIMULATION
.
260
9.8
.TRAN
-
TIME
SIMULATION
(NON-LINEAR)
.
261
9.9
.TRAN
TIME
SIMULATION
CONFIGURATION
.
264
9.9.1
CAUTION
WITH
THE
MAXIMUM
TIMESTEP
VALUE
.
264
9.9.2
UIC
PARAMETER
(TIME
SIMULATION)
.
270
9.9.3
STARTUP
PARAMETER
(TIME
SIMULATION)
.
271
9.9.4
STEADY
PARAMETER
(TIME
SIMULATION)
.
273
9.9.5
.NODISCARD
PARAMETER
(TIME
SIMULATION)
.
275
9.9.6
.STEP
PARAMETER
(TIME
SIMULATION)
.
276
9
10
TWO
DEDICATED
TYPES
OF
ANALYSIS
.
280
10.1
DESCRIPTION
OF
THESE
TWO
TYPES
OF
ANALYSIS
.
280
10.2
.TEMP
-
TEMPERATURE
SWEEP
SIMULATION
.
280
10.3
.FOUR
-
EDIT
THE
HARMONICS
IN
NUMERICAL
FORM
.
285
10.4
HOW
THE
FFT
ANALYSIS
WORKS
.
286
10.4.1
FFT
CONFIGURATION
.
286
10.4.2
CONDITIONS
TO
MEET
TO
OBTAIN
A
REPRESENTATIVE
FFT
ANALYSIS
.
290
11
PASSIVE
AND
ACTIVE
COMPONENTS
.
303
11.1
INTRODUCTION
TO
USING
THE
PARAMETERS
OF
A
COMPONENT
MODEL
.
303
11.2
PASSIVE
COMPONENTS
.
303
11.3
GENERIC
RESISTOR
R
MODEL
.
304
11.4
GENERIC
CAPACITOR
C
MODEL
.
306
11.4.1
THE
STANDARD
GENERIC
CAPACITOR
SUB-MODEL
.
307
11.4.2
SECOND
GENERIC
CAPACITOR
SUB-MODEL
.
309
11.5
GENERIC
INDUCTOR
L
MODEL
.
309
11.6
ACTIVE
COMPONENTS
.
310
11.7
GENERIC
DIODE
D
MODEL
.
310
11.7.1
THE
FIRST
STANDARD
AND
LINEAR
GENERIC
SUB-MODEL
OF
DIODE
D
.
311
11.7.2
THE
SECOND
NON-LINEAR
GENERIC
SUB-MODEL
OF
DIODE
D
.
312
11.7.3
THE
THIRD
BERKELEY
GENERIC
SUB-MODEL
OF
DIODE
D
(NON-LINEAR)
.
313
11.8
GENERIC
BIPOLAR
TRANSISTOR
Q
MODEL
.
315
11.8.1
THE
EBERS-MOLL
AND
GUMMEL-POON
GENERIC
SUB-MODELS
.
315
11.8.2
VBIC
GENERIC
SUB-MODEL
.
318
11.9
GENERIC
JFET
J
MODEL
.
322
11.10
GENERIC
MOSFET
M
MODEL
.
324
11.11
GENERIC
MODEL
OF
MOSFET
WITH
DOUBLE
VERTICAL
DISTRIBUTION
.
328
11.12
GENERIC
MESFET
Z
MODEL
.
332
11.13
GENERIC
IGBT
MODEL
.
334
11.14
UNIJUNCTION,
PHOTOTRANSISTOR,
THYRISTOR
AND
TRIAC
TRANSISTOR
MODELS
.
335
11.15
MULTIPLIER
OF
COMPONENTS
IN
PARALLEL
OR
IN
SERIES
.
335
11.15.1
COMPONENTS
IN
PARALLEL
.
335
11.15.2
COMPONENTS
IN
SERIES
.
337
12
INDUCTORS,
TRANSFORMERS
AND
MUTUAL
INDUCTION
.
339
12.1
GENERIC
INDUCTOR
L
MODEL
(WITHOUT
SATURATION)
.
339
12.2
COIL
AND
AIR-CORE
INDUCTOR
WITHOUT
A
SATURABLE
MAGNETIC
CIRCUIT
.
339
12.2.1
COIL
AND
WOUND
INDUCTOR
WITHOUT
A
MAGNETIC
CIRCUIT
.
340
12.2.2
COIL
AND
INDUCTOR
WITH
A
SATURABLE
MAGNETIC
CIRCUIT
.
341
12.3
GENERIC
L
INDUCTOR
MODEL
.
343
12.3.1
GENERIC
INDUCTOR
SUB-MODEL
(LINEAR
AND
WITHOUT
SATURATION)
.
343
12.3.2
DEFAULT
VALUES
APPLIED
TO
INDUCTORS
BY
LTSPICE
.
344
12.4
CHAN
MODEL
OF
INDUCTOR
L
.
345
12.4.1
MODEL
WITH
SATURATION
AND
HYSTERESIS
.
345
12.4.2
FIRST
GROUP
OF
PARAMETERS
.
346
10
12.4.3
SECOND
GROUP
OF
PARAMETERS
.
347
12.4.4
THIRD
GROUP
OF
PARAMETERS
.
348
12.5
THE
TRANSFORMER
MODEL
.
350
12.5.1
HOW
TO
CREATE
A
TRANSFORMER
USING
THE
STANDARD
MODEL
.
350
12.5.2
ADDING
A
TRANSFORMER:
FIRST
METHOD
.
352
12.5.3
ADDING
A
TRANSFORMER:
SECOND
METHOD
.
353
12.5.4
CONCLUSION
ON
THE
TWO
TRANSFORMER
CREATION
METHODS
.
354
12.5.5
MULTIPLE
OPERATING
MODES
OF
A
TRANSFORMER
.
357
12.6
TRANSFORMER
WITH
SATURATION
AND
HYSTERESIS
OF
MAGNETIC
MATERIAL
.
358
13
IMPORTING
A
COMPONENT
FROM
THE
INTERNET
OR
CREATING
IT
.
361
13.1
MODELLED
COMPONENTS
COMPATIBLE
WITH
SPICE
.
361
13.1.1
MODELLED
COMPONENTS
COMPATIBLE
WITH
LTSPICE
.
361
13.1.2
COMPOSITION
OF
A
MODEL
.
362
13.2
VARIOUS
WEBSITES
.
362
13.3
THE
NXP
WEBSITE
.
363
13.4
CACHAN
TECHNICAL
COLLEGE
'
S
DOWNLOAD
WEBSITE
.
369
13.5
THE
TEXAS
INSTRUMENTS
WEBSITE
.
371
13.6
DOWNLOAD
WEBSITES
.
373
13.6.1
THE
LTWIKI.ORG
WEBSITE
.
374
13.6.2
THE
GROUPS.IO
WEBSITE:
LTSPICE
.
378
13.6.3
LIST
OF
MANUFACTURER
WEBSITES
PROVIDING
SPICE
MODELS
.
378
13.7
DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN
A
MODEL
AND
A
SUB-CIRCUIT
.
379
13.7.1
THE
MODEL
.
379
13.7.2
THE
SUB-CIRCUIT
.
381
13.8
HOW
TO
MODIFY
A
MODEL
.
383
13.8.1
OBSERVATION
ON
THE
CREATION
OF
MODELS
.
383
13.9
HOW
IS
A
NEW
MODEL
ADDED
TO
LTSPICE?
.
384
13.9.1
FIRST
METHOD:
ADDING
A
MODEL
TO
AN
EXISTING
LIBRARY
.
384
13.9.2
SECOND
METHOD:
ADDING
A
MODEL
TO
A
DIRECTORY
ON
THE
HARD
DRIVE
.
388
13.9.3
THIRD
METHOD:
ADDING
A
MODEL
DIRECTLY
TO
THE
SCHEMATIC
.
389
13.9.4
A
FEW
GUIDELINES
REGARDING
THE
THREE
METHODS
.
390
13.10
HOW
TO
ADD
A
SUB-CIRCUIT
.
390
13.10.1
FIRST
METHOD:
ADDING
A
SYMBOL
TO
THE
SYMBOL
DIRECTORY
.
391
13.10.2
SECOND
METHOD:
REUSING
A
SCHEMATIC
SYMBOL
.
395
13.10.3
THIRD
METHOD:
ADDING
THE
NEW
COMPONENTS
TO
THE
SCHEMATIC
.
396
13.10.4
AUTOMATIC
SYMBOL
CREATION
FROM
THE
NETLIST
.
400
13.10.5
AUTOMATIC
SYMBOL
CREATION
FROM
THE
SUB-CIRCUIT
SCHEMATIC
.
400
13.10.6
CREATING
A
SYMBOL
BY
MODIFYING
THE
ATTRIBUTES
OF
AN
EXISTING
SYMBOL
.
402
13.11
STEP-BY-STEP
SUB-CIRCUIT
CREATION
.
405
13.11.1
CREATION
OF
A
SUB-CIRCUIT
USING
THE
AUTOMATIC
GENERATOR
IN
14
SIMPLE
STEPS
.
405
13.11.2
CREATION
OF
A
SUB-CIRCUIT
USING
THE
REASSIGNED
SRC
SYMBOL
IN
16
SIMPLE
STEPS
.
405
13.11.3
SECOND
EXAMPLE:
CREATING
A
CONFIGURABLE
SUB-CIRCUIT
.
406
13.12
USING
MODELS
AND
SUB-CIRCUITS
.
413
13.13
.LIB
AND
.INC
COMMANDS
.
413
11
14
THE
COMMANDS
.FUNC,
.MEAS,
.PARAM,
.STEP
AND
AKO
.
415
14.1
THE
COMMANDS
.
415
14.2
THE
.FUNC
COMMAND
.
416
14.2.1
FIRST
EXAMPLE
.
416
14.2.2
BENEFITS
OF
USING
THE
.FUNC
COMMANDS
.
418
14.2.3
SECOND
EXAMPLE
.
418
14.3
THE
.MEAS
COMMAND
.
419
14.3.1
FIRST
USE:
COMPUTATION
USING
OFF-CURVE
VARIABLES
.
420
14.3.2
SECOND
USE:
COMPUTATION
USING
A
SINGLE
CURVE
VALUE
.
421
14.3.3
THIRD
USE:
COMPUTATION
USING
ALL
THE
CURVE
VALUES
.
423
14.3.4
SEVEN
EXAMPLES
FOR
THE
USE
OF
THE
.MEAS
COMMAND
.
425
14.4
CURLY
BRACKETS,
.PARAM,
AKO
AND
.STEP
COMMANDS
.
433
14.5
CURLY
BRACKETS
.
434
14.6
THE
.PARAM
COMMAND
AND
THE
PARAM
FUNCTION
.
437
14.7
THE
.STEP
COMMAND
.
440
14.7.1
BE
CAREFUL
NOT
TO
RUN
TOO
MANY
LOOPS
.
440
14.7.2
THE
.STEP
COMMAND
IS
POWERFUL
.
440
14.7.3
THE
ORDER
OF
EXECUTION
OF
MULTIPLE
LOOPS
.
441
14.7.4
EXAMPLE
1
.
442
14.7.5
EXAMPLE
2
.
443
14.7.6
EXAMPLE
3
.
446
14.7.7
EXAMPLE
4
.
448
14.8
FREQUENTLY
ASKED
QUESTIONS
REGARDING
THE
.STEP
COMMAND
.
450
14.8.1
CAN
A
SIMULATION
COMPUTATION
BE
AUTOMATED?
.
450
14.8.2
HOW
ARE
SIMULATIONS
PERFORMED
WITH
THE
TEMPERATURE?
.
450
14.8.3
HOW
IS
A
SIMULATION
CONFIGURED
WITH
A
COMPONENT
VALUE?
.
453
14.8.4
HOW
TO
CREATE
A
PARAMETRIC
SIMULATION
WITH
A
SOURCE
.
454
14.8.5
HOW
TO
CREATE
A
THREE-LEVEL
PARAMETRIC
SIMULATION
.
454
14.8.6
THE
SELECT
STEP
COMMAND
IN
THE
POP-UP
MENU
.
457
14.8.7
HOW
CAN
CURVE
VALUES
BE
IDENTIFIED
?
.
459
14.8.8
HOW
CAN
THE
ORDER
OF
SEVERAL
NESTED
.STEP
LOOPS
BE
CHANGED?
.
462
14.8.9
MAXIMUM
NUMBER
OF
INCREMENTS
OF
A
.STEP
LOOP
.
463
14.8.10
DIFFERENT
WAYS
A
.STEP
LOOP
CAN
BE
INCREMENTED
.
464
14.8.11
LOOP
DEFINED
PER
DECADE
WITH
A
LOGARITHMIC
DISTRIBUTION
.
464
14.8.12
LOOP
DEFINED
PER
OCTAVE
WITH
A
LOGARITHMIC
DISTRIBUTION
.
464
14.8.13
LOOP
WITH
A
LINEAR
DISTRIBUTION
OF
INTERVALS
.
465
14.8.14
LOOP
WITH
A
LIST
OF
INCREMENT
VALUES
.
465
14.8.15
HOW
CAN
.STEP
LOOP
VARIATION
UNITS
BE
INCLUDED
IN
THE
X-AXIS?
.
466
14.8.16
HOW
CAN
NON-NUMERICAL
VALUES
BE
INCREMENTED?
.
466
14.8.17
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
REGARDING
THE
.STEP
COMMAND
.
467
14.8.18
MAXIMUM
NUMBER
LIMIT
FOR
A
SINGLE
.STEP
LOOP
.
468
12
15
THE
"
AKO:
"
COMMANDS:
.FOUR
.WAVE
.MODEL
.SUBCKT
.INCLUDE
.LIB
.IC
.SAVE
.
470
15.1
THE
"
AKO:
"
FUNCTION
.
470
15.1.1
THE
AKO:
COMMAND
(TYPE
CHANGER)
.
470
15.1.2
FIRST
EXAMPLE:
CHANGING
A
MODEL
PARAMETER
.
471
15.1.3
SECOND
EXAMPLE:
CHANGING
SEVERAL
MODEL
PARAMETERS
.
473
15.1.4
THIRD
EXAMPLE:
CHANGING
7
PARAMETERS
USING
3
.STEP
LOOPS
.
475
15.1.5
FOURTH
EXAMPLE:
CHANGING
THE
COMPONENT
MODEL
.
476
15.2
THE
.FOUR
COMMAND
.
479
15.3
THE
.WAVE
COMMAND
.
480
15.4
THE
.MODEL
COMMAND
.
481
15.5
THE
.SUBCKT
COMMAND
.
483
15.6
THE
.INCLUDE
AND
.LIB
COMMANDS
.
484
15.7
THE
.IC
COMMAND
.
485
15.8
THE
.SAVE
COMMAND
.
486
16
THE
.OPTIONS
COMMAND
AND
THE
CONTROL
PANEL
.
488
16.1
THE
.OPTIONS
COMMAND
.
488
16.1.1
EYE
DIAGRAM
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
(TRANSMISSION)
.
490
16.1.2
TRANSIENT
SIMULATION
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
(NON-LINEAR
SIGNALS)
.
490
16.1.3
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
OF
THE
.MEAS
COMMAND
.
490
16.1.4
CONTROL
AND
CONVERGENCE
HELP
PARAMETERS
.
491
16.1.5
NEWTON-RAPHSON
METHOD
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
.
492
16.1.6
SAVING
AND
COMPRESSION
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
.
492
16.1.7
COMPONENT
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
.
493
16.1.8
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
OF
DC
BIAS
SIMULATIONS
.
493
16.1.9
GENERAL
CONTROL
PARAMETERS
.
494
16.1.10
NEW
PARAMETERS
IN
LTSPICE
XVII
.
495
16.2
THE
NINE
TABS
OF
THE
CONTROL
PANEL
.
495
16.2.1
COMPRESSION
TAB
.
496
16.2.2
SAVE
TAB
.
497
16.2.3
SPICE
TAB
.
499
16.2.4
DRAFTING
TAB
.
503
16.2.5
NETLIST
TAB
.
505
16.2.6
TOOLS/CONTROL
PANEL/SYM.
&
LIB.
SEARCH
PATHS
OPERATION
TAB
.
506
16.2.7
WAVEFORM
TAB
.
509
16.2.8
OPERATION
TAB
.
510
16.2.9
HACKSTAB
.
511
16.2.10
INTERNET
TAB
.
513
16.3
KEYBOARD
SHORTCUTS
.
514
16.4
COLOR
SELECTION
TAB:
COLOR
PREFERENCES
.
518
16.5
OPENING
AN
EDITOR
.
520
13
17
VOLTAGE
AND
CURRENT
SOURCE
EDITOR
.
521
17.1
TWO
TYPES
OF
SOURCE
AND
TWO
EDITORS
.
521
17.2
TWO
MAJOR
TYPES
OF
SOURCE,
DEPENDENT
OR
INDEPENDENT
.
522
17.3
ALL
SIMULATIONS
NEED
AN
INDEPENDENT
SOURCE
.
523
17.4
HOW
TO
PLACE
A
SOURCE
ON
A
SCHEMATIC
.
524
17.4.1
THREE
INDEPENDENT
SOURCES
.
524
17.4.2
NINE
DEPENDENT
SOURCES,
SIX
LINEAR
AND
THREE
NON-LINEAR
.
525
17.5
V
-
INDEPENDENT
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
(NCVS)
.
526
17.5.1
PULSE
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
.
527
17.5.2
SINE
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
(SINUSOIDAL)
.
527
17.5.3
EXP
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
(EXPONENTIAL)
.
527
17.5.4
SFFM
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
(FREQUENCY-MODULATED)
.
528
17.5.5
ARBITRARY
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
MODULATED
BY
A
PWL
COMMAND
.
528
17.5.6
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
MODULATED
BY
A
.WAV
FILE
.
528
17.6
I
-
INDEPENDENT
CURRENT
SOURCE
(NCOS)
.
529
17.6.1
PULSE
CURRENT
SOURCE
.
530
17.6.2
SINE
CURRENT
SOURCE
(SINUSOIDAL)
.
530
17.6.3
EXP
CURRENT
SOURCE
(EXPONENTIAL)
.
530
17.6.4
SFFM
CURRENT
SOURCE
(FREQUENCY-MODULATED)
.
531
17.6.5
MODULATED
CURRENT
SOURCES
.
531
17.7
LOAD
-
INDEPENDENT
ACTIVE
LOAD
(CSVL)
.
533
17.8
THE
INDEPENDENT
SOURCE
EDITOR
.
534
17.8.1
CONFIGURATION
OF
THE
FREQUENCY
SWEEP
OF
AN
INDEPENDENT
SOURCE
FOR
AN
AC
SIMULATION
.
536
17.8.2
CONFIGURATION
OF
INDEPENDENT
SOURCES
FOR
A
DC
SIMULATION
(LOW
AMPLITUDES)
.
537
17.8.3
CONFIGURATION
OF
INDEPENDENT
SOURCES
FOR
AN
AC
SIMULATION
(LOW
AMPLITUDES)
.
541
17.9
DEPENDENT
SOURCES
.
568
17.10
E
-
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
(VCVS)
.
568
17.10.1
FIRST
MODEL:
THE
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
IS
A
CONSTANT
.
569
17.10.2
SECOND
MODEL:
THE
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
IS
A
TABLE
OF
VALUE
PAIRS
.
571
17.10.3
THIRD
MODEL:
THE
TRANSFER
FUNCTION
IS
A
LAPLACE
TRANSFORM
IN
PARAMETERS
.
572
17.11
F
-
CURRENT-CONTROLLED
CURRENT
SOURCE
(CCCS)
.
574
17.12
G
-
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED
CURRENT
SOURCE
(VCCS)
.
577
17.12.1
FIRST
MODEL
.
578
17.12.2
SECOND
MODEL
.
578
17.12.3
THIRD
MODEL
.
578
17.13
H
-
CURRENT-CONTROLLED
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
(CCVS)
.
579
17.14
VOLTAGE
OR
CURRENT
SOURCE
B
.
580
17.15
B
-
NON-LINEAR,
ARBITRARY
VOLTAGE
SOURCE
(CVS)
.
580
17.16
B
-
ARBITRARY,
NON-LINEAR
CURRENT
SOURCES
(CCS)
.
582
17.17
ATTRIBUTE
EDITOR
FOR
DEPENDENT
SOURCES
.
583
14
18
LOGIC
AND
SECONDARY
FUNCTIONS
.
586
18.1
SHARED
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
LOGIC
CIRCUITS
.
586
18.2
STANDARD
LOGIC
GATES
.
587
18.3
LOGIC
GATES
WITH
SCHMITT
TRIGGERS
.
587
18.4
LOGIC
FLIP-FLOPS
.
588
18.4.1
SRFLOP
.
588
18.4.2
DFLOP
.
588
18.5
PHASEDET:
PHASE
DETECTOR
WITH
CURRENT
OUTPUT
.
589
18.6
SAMPLEHOLD:
SAMPLE
AND
HOLD
.
592
18.6.1
FIRST
MODE
-
S/H
COMMAND
.
593
18.6.2
SECOND
MODE
-
CLK
COMMAND
.
594
18.7
MODULATE
AND
MODULATE2:
FREQUENCY
AND
AMPLITUDE
MODULATOR
.
594
18.8
THE
EYE
DIAGRAM
AND
THE
BAUDRATE
FUNCTION
.
598
18.9
CONFIGURING
THE
.AC
LIST
X-AXIS
.
607
18.9.1
EXAMPLEONE
.
608
18.9.2
EXAMPLE
TWO
.
610
18.10
ENCRYPTION
.
612
18.11
OPTIONS
TO
ADD
WHEN
STARTING
LTSPICE
XVII
.
615
18.12
RESERVED
WORDS
.
616
18.13
COMPUTATION
PRECISION
WITH
LTSPICE
XVII
.
616
18.13.1
DISTRIBUTION
OF
THE
64
BITS
.
616
18.13.2
LIMIT
OF
THIS
OPTION
.
616
18.13.3
INCREASING
THE
PRECISION
.
617
18.14
ATTRIBUTION
TABLE
OF
THE
GENERIC
COMPONENT
MODEL
.
617
18.15
S
AND
W
CONTROLLED
SWITCHES
.
618
18.16
S
-
VOLTAGE-CONTROLLED
SWITCH
(TWO
MODELS)
.
619
18.16.1
FIRST
STANDARD
MODEL
LEVEL=1
.
621
18.16.2
SECOND
COMPLETE
MODEL
LEVEL=2
.
622
18.17
W
-
CURRENT-CONTROLLED
SWITCH
(ONE
MODEL)
.
623
18.18
0
-
LOSSY
TRANSMISSION
LINE
(ONE
MODEL)
.
628
18.19
T
-
LOSSLESS
TRANSMISSION
LINE
(ONE
MODEL)
.
629
18.20
U
-
RC
TRANSMISSION
LINE
(ONE
MODEL)
.
630
19
MONTE
CARLO
AND
WORST
CASE
.
632
19.1
MONTE
CARLO
OVERVIEW
.
632
19.1.1
MONTE
CARLO
1
(UNIFORM
DISTRIBUTION
AND
SIMPLE
SCHEMATIC)
.
632
19.1.2
MONTE
CARLO
1
.
633
19.1.3
MONTE
CARLO
2
(GAUSSIAN
DISTRIBUTION
AND
SIMPLE
SCHEMATIC)
.
634
19.1.4
MONTE
CARLO
2
(GAUSSIAN
DISTRIBUTION)
.
635
19.1.5
MONTE
CARLO
2
(WITH
SEMICONDUCTORS,
SUB-CIRCUITS
OR
MODELS)
.
638
19.1.6
MONTE
CARLO
1
(UNIFORM
DISTRIBUTION
WITH
SUB-CIRCUITS
OR
MODELS)
.
639
19.1.7
MONTE
CARLO
1
(UNIFORM
DISTRIBUTION
AND
SEMICONDUCTORS)
.
643
19.2
WORST
CASE
OVERVIEW
.
647
19.2.1
WORST
CASE
1
(RANDOM
SELECTION)
.
647
19.2.2
WORST
CASE
2
(AUTOMATIC
SWEEP)
.
647
15
19.2.3
WORST
CASE
3
(EXTENDED
APPLICATION)
.
647
19.2.4
WORST
CASE
1
(RANDOM
SELECTION
AND
SIMPLE
SCHEMATIC)
.
648
19.2.5
WORST
CASE
1
.
648
19.2.6
WORST
CASE
2
(AUTOMATIC
SWEEP
AND
LIMITATION
TO
16
COMPONENTS)
.
651
19.2.7
WORST
CASE
(WITH
SEMICONDUCTORS,
SUB-CIRCUITS
OR
MODELS)
.
658
19.2.8
WORST
CASE
1
(WITH
SUB-CIRCUITS
OR
MODELS)
.
659
19.2.9
WORST
CASE
1
(WITH
SEMICONDUCTORS)
.
661
19.2.10
WORST
CASE
2
(WITH
MODELS
AND
LIMITED
TO
16
COMPONENTS)
.
663
19.2.11
WORST
CASE
2
(WITH
SEMICONDUCTORS,
LIMITED
TO
16
COMPONENTS)
.
664
19.2.12
WORST
CASE
3
(NO
LIMITATION,
2
RUNS
REQUIRED)
.
664
20
SOATHERM:
THERMAL
MODEL
FOR
MOSFET
WITH
HEATSINK
.
690
20.1
SOATHERM
FOR
LTSPICE
XVII
.
690
20.2
HOW
TO
USE
THE
SOATHERM
MODEL
WITH
LTSPICE
XVII
.
690
20.3
THE
SOATHERM
MODELS
.
691
20.4
HOW
TO
OPERATE
THE
SOATHERM
MODEL
IN
LTSPICE
XVII
.
691
20.5
DOES
THE
SOATHERM
MODEL
WORK
WITH
ALL
MOSFETS
IN
LTSPICE
XVII?
.
691
20.6
CALLING
A
MOS
THAT
IS
INCOMPATIBLE
WITH
SOATHERM
.
692
20.7
HOW
TO
RECOGNISE
A
MOS-COMPATIBLE
SOATHERM
.
693
20.8
HOW
TO
ACCESS
THE
TERMINALS
.
696
20.9
HOW
TO
USE
THE
SECOND
SOATHERM-HEATSINK
MODEL
.
703
20.10
HOW
THERMAL
FLUX
REALLY
WORKS
.
709
20.11
HOW
SOATHERM
MODELS
WORK
.
709
20.11.1
SOATHERM-HEATSINK
MODEL
.
709
20.11.2
SOATHERM-PCB
MODEL
.
710
20.12
INFLUENCE
OF
THE
TIME
CONSTANT
.
711
20.13
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
THE
HEAT
SINK
.
713
20.14
HOW
TO
ACHIEVE
THERMAL
EQUILIBRIUM
OF
MOSFETS
IN
PARALLEL
.
717
20.14.1
SCHEMATIC
WITH
MOSFETS
IN
PARALLEL
.
718
20.14.2
THE
FIRST
SCHEMATIC
(THE
WORST
SOLUTION)
.
718
20.14.3
THE
SECOND
SCHEMATIC
(A
LESS
BAD
SOLUTION)
.
721
20.14.4
THE
BEST
SOLUTION
.
723
20.15
GENERAL
CONCLUSION
.
724
21
A
FEW
EXAMPLES
.
725
21.1
DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN
LTSPICE
XVII
SIMULATIONS
AND
REALITY
.
725
21.2
THE
.NOISE
SIMULATION
.
726
21.3
A
PWL
FUNCTION
TO
CREATE
A
GENERATOR
OF
ARBITRARY
VOLTAGE
OR
CURRENT
SIGNALS
.
730
21.3.1
SPECIFIC
PWL
COMMANDS
.
731
21.4
THE
VIRTUAL
OSCILLOSCOPE:
CHANGING
THE
CONFIGURATION
OF
THE
OSCILLOSCOPE
TRACE
AXES
.
732
21.5
STABILITY
OF
OPERATIONAL
AMPLIFIERS
WITH
AN
AC
SIMULATION
(OR
HOW
TO
JUGGLE
POLES
AND
ZEROS)
.
734
21.5.1
FIRST
EXAMPLE
(FIGURE
21.11)
.
735
21.5.2
SECOND
EXAMPLE
.
739
16
21.6
HOW
TO
IMPROVE
THE
RUNNING
SPEED
OF
LTSPICE
XVII
.
744
21.6.1
IF
YOU
DO
NOT
NEED
TO
SEE
THE
START-UP
PHASE
OF
AN
SMPS
POWER
SUPPLY,
YOU
CAN
REDUCE
THE
START-UP
TIME
BY
REDUCING
THE
SOFT-START
SETTING
.
744
21.6.2
DELAYING
THE
APPLICATION
OF
THE
LOAD
FOR
AN
SMPS
.
746
21.6.3
DEFINING
THE
INITIAL
CONDITIONS
.
747
21.6.4
REDUCING
THE
AMOUNT
OF
DATA
OF
A
TRANSIENT
SIMULATION
.
750
21.6.5
AVOIDING
THE
STEP
OF
FINDING
THE
INITIAL
OPERATING
POINT
.
752
21.6.6
CONVERTING
TO
FAST
ACCESS
FORMAT
WHEN
VIEWING
TRACES
IN
THE
OSCILLOSCOPE
.
753
21.7
SAVING
TIME
WITH
SYNCHRONOUS
DETECTION
.
754
INDEX
.763
17 |
any_adam_object | 1 |
any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
author | Brocard, Gilles 1952- |
author_GND | (DE-588)1038076064 |
author_facet | Brocard, Gilles 1952- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Brocard, Gilles 1952- |
author_variant | g b gb |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV047439853 |
classification_rvk | ZN 5405 ZN 5400 ZN 5350 |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1258215604 (DE-599)DNB1231097345 |
dewey-full | 621.3815011353 |
dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
dewey-ones | 621 - Applied physics |
dewey-raw | 621.3815011353 |
dewey-search | 621.3815011353 |
dewey-sort | 3621.3815011353 |
dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
discipline | Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
discipline_str_mv | Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
edition | 1st edition |
format | Book |
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id | DE-604.BV047439853 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
index_date | 2024-07-03T18:00:46Z |
indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:12:13Z |
institution | BVB |
institution_GND | (DE-588)5527383-X |
isbn | 9783899294118 3899294114 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032842046 |
oclc_num | 1258215604 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-83 DE-573 DE-1046 |
owner_facet | DE-83 DE-573 DE-1046 |
physical | 784 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 x 16.5 cm |
publishDate | 2021 |
publishDateSearch | 2021 |
publishDateSort | 2021 |
publisher | Swiridoff Verlag |
record_format | marc |
series2 | Würth Elektronik |
spelling | Brocard, Gilles 1952- Verfasser (DE-588)1038076064 aut LTspice XVII Manuel de référence The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications author: Gilles Brocard ; publisher: Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG 1st edition Künzelsau Swiridoff Verlag March 2021 © 2020 784 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 24 x 16.5 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Würth Elektronik LTspice XVII (DE-588)1239147023 gnd rswk-swf Schaltung (DE-588)4052056-0 gnd rswk-swf Simulation (DE-588)4055072-2 gnd rswk-swf LTspice XVII (DE-588)1239147023 s DE-604 Schaltung (DE-588)4052056-0 s Simulation (DE-588)4055072-2 s Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG (DE-588)5527383-X isb B:DE-101 application/pdf https://d-nb.info/1231097345/04 2021-08-25 Verlag Inhaltsverzeichnis DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032842046&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Brocard, Gilles 1952- The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications LTspice XVII (DE-588)1239147023 gnd Schaltung (DE-588)4052056-0 gnd Simulation (DE-588)4055072-2 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)1239147023 (DE-588)4052056-0 (DE-588)4055072-2 |
title | The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications |
title_alt | LTspice XVII Manuel de référence |
title_auth | The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications |
title_exact_search | The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications |
title_exact_search_txtP | The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications |
title_full | The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications author: Gilles Brocard ; publisher: Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG |
title_fullStr | The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications author: Gilles Brocard ; publisher: Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG |
title_full_unstemmed | The LTSpice XVII simulator commands and applications : manual, methods and applications author: Gilles Brocard ; publisher: Würth Elektronik eiSos GmbH & Co. KG |
title_short | The LTSpice XVII simulator |
title_sort | the ltspice xvii simulator commands and applications manual methods and applications |
title_sub | commands and applications : manual, methods and applications |
topic | LTspice XVII (DE-588)1239147023 gnd Schaltung (DE-588)4052056-0 gnd Simulation (DE-588)4055072-2 gnd |
topic_facet | LTspice XVII Schaltung Simulation |
url | https://d-nb.info/1231097345/04 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032842046&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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Inhaltsverzeichnis