Rubber reinforcement with particulate fillers:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cincinnati, Ohio ; Munich
Hanser Publications
[2021]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 589 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781569907191 1569907196 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 020 | |a 9781569907191 |c Hardcover |9 978-1-56990-719-1 | ||
| 020 | |a 1569907196 |9 1-56990-719-6 | ||
| 024 | 3 | |a 9781569907191 | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a Bestellnummer: 559/00719 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Wang, Meng-Jiao |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1241834598 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Rubber reinforcement with particulate fillers |c Meng-Jiao Wang, Michael Morris |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cincinnati, Ohio ; Munich |b Hanser Publications |c [2021] | |
| 264 | 4 | |c ©2021 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 589 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Diagramme |c 25 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Stoffeigenschaft |0 (DE-588)4192147-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Synthesekautschuk |0 (DE-588)4133407-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Kautschuk |0 (DE-588)4030108-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Siliciumdioxid |0 (DE-588)4077447-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Vulkanisat |0 (DE-588)4324736-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Teilchen |0 (DE-588)4059317-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Verstärkungswerkstoff |0 (DE-588)4303769-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Elastomer |0 (DE-588)4014162-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Ruß |0 (DE-588)4178736-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Grafit |0 (DE-588)4158067-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Füllstoff |0 (DE-588)4155585-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Gummiindustrie |0 (DE-588)4323287-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Gummi |0 (DE-588)4022538-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 653 | |a FBKTKAUT: Elastomere und Kautschuk | ||
| 653 | |a PLAS2021 | ||
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Kautschuk |0 (DE-588)4030108-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Gummi |0 (DE-588)4022538-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Vulkanisat |0 (DE-588)4324736-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 3 | |a Füllstoff |0 (DE-588)4155585-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Verstärkungswerkstoff |0 (DE-588)4303769-0 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 5 | |a Teilchen |0 (DE-588)4059317-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 6 | |a Ruß |0 (DE-588)4178736-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 7 | |a Grafit |0 (DE-588)4158067-9 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 8 | |a Siliciumdioxid |0 (DE-588)4077447-8 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
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| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Kautschuk |0 (DE-588)4030108-4 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 2 | |a Gummiindustrie |0 (DE-588)4323287-5 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 3 | |a Vulkanisat |0 (DE-588)4324736-2 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 4 | |a Füllstoff |0 (DE-588)4155585-5 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 5 | |a Verstärkungswerkstoff |0 (DE-588)4303769-0 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 6 | |a Teilchen |0 (DE-588)4059317-4 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 7 | |a Ruß |0 (DE-588)4178736-5 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 8 | |a Grafit |0 (DE-588)4158067-9 |D s |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804182705798119424 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE
...................................................................................................
I
ABOUT
THE
AUTHORS
.................................................................................
IH
1.
MANUFACTURE
OF
FILLERS
........................................................................
1
1.1
MANUFACTURE
OF
CARBON
BLACK
............................................................................
3
1.1.1
MECHANISMS
OF
CARBON
BLACK
FORMATION
..................................................
3
1.1.2
MANUFACTURING
PROCESS
OF
CARBON
BLACK
.................................................
6
1.1.2.1
OIL-FURNACE
PROCESS
............................................................................
6
1.1.2.2
THE
THERMAL
BLACK
PROCESS
..............................................................
10
1.1.2.3
ACETYLENE
BLACK
PROCESS
..................................................................
11
1.1.2.4
LAMPBLACK
PROCESS
...........................................................................
11
1.1.2.5
IMPINGEMENT
(CHANNEL,
ROLLER)
BLACK
PROCESS
................................
12
1.1.2.6
RECYCLE
BLACKS
...................................................................................
12
1.1.2.7
SURFACE
MODIFICATION
OF
CARBON
BLACKS
...........................................
13
1.1.2.7.1
ATTACHMENTS
OF
THE
AROMATIC
RING
NUCLEUS
TO
CARBON
BLACK
.............................................................................
13
1.1.2.7.2
ATTACHMENTS
TO
THE
AROMATIC
RING
STRUCTURE
THROUGH
OXIDIZED
GROUPS
........................................................................
13
1.1.2.7.3
METAL
OXIDE
TREATMENT
..............................................................
14
1.2
MANUFACTURE
OF
SILICA
........................................................................................
14
1.2.1
MECHANISMS
OF
PRECIPITATED
SILICA
FORMATION
........................................
15
1.2.2
MANUFACTURING
PROCESS
OF
PRECIPITATED
SILICA
.........................................
16
1.2.3
MECHANISMS
OF
FUMED
SILICA
FORMATION
.................................................
18
1.2.4
MANUFACTURE
PROCESS
OF
FUMED
SILICA
.....................................................
18
REFERENCES
..................................................................................................................
19
2.
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
FILLERS
...............................................................
22
2.1
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
......................................................................................
23
2.1.1
CARBON
BLACK
............................................................................................
23
V
2.1.2
SILICA
............................................................................................................
25
2.2
MICRO-STRUCTURE
OF
FILLERS
................................................................................27
2.2.1
CARBON
BLACK
.............................................................................................
27
2.2.2
SILICA
...........................................................................................................
29
2.3
FILLER
MORPHOLOGIES
..........................................................................................
29
2.3.1
PRIMARY
PARTICLES-SURFACE
AREA
................................................................
29
2.3.1.1
TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
(TEM)
.....................................
30
2.3.1.2
GAS
PHASE
ADSORPTIONS
......................................................................
34
2.3.1.2.1
TOTAL
SURFACE
AREA
MEASURED
BY
NITROGEN
ADSORPTION
-
BET/NSA
............................................................
35
2.3.1.2.2
EXTERNAL
SURFACE
AREA
MEASURED
BY
NITROGEN
ADSORPTION
-
STS
A
...................................................................
41
2.3.1.2.3
MICRO-PORE
SIZE
DISTRIBUTION
MEASURED
BY
NITROGEN
ADSORPTION
..................................................................
46
2.3.1.3
LIQUID
PHASE
ADSORPTIONS
................................................................
51
2.3.1.3.1
IODINE
ADSORPTIONS
.....................................................................
52
2.3.1.3.2
ADSORPTION
OF
LARGE
MOLECULES
................................................
56
2.3.2
STRUCTURE-AGGREGATE
SIZE
AND
SHAPE
.......................................................
61
2.3.2.1
TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPY
..................................................
62
2.3.2.2
DISC
CENTRIFUGE
PHOTOSEDIMENTOMETER
............................................
66
2.3.2.3
VOID
VOLUME
MEASUREMENT
..............................................................
68
2.3.2.3.1
OIL
ABSORPTION
............................................................................
69
23.2.3.2
COMPRESSED
VOLUME
.................................................................
75
23.2.3.3
MERCURY
POROSIMETRY
.................................................................
80
2.3.3
TINTING
STRENGTH
........................................................................................
83
2.4
FILLER
SURFACE
CHARACTERISTICS
...........................................................................
92
2.4.1
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
SURFACE
CHEMISTRY
OF
FILLER-SURFACE
GROUPS
..........
92
2.4.2
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
PHYSICAL
CHEMISTRY
OF
FILLER
SURFACE-SURFACE
ENERGY
............................................................................
93
2.4.2.1
CONTACT
ANGLE
....................................................................................
98
2.4.2.1.1
SINGLE
LIQUID
PHASE
...................................................................98
2.4.2.1.2
DUAL
LIQUID
PHASES
...................................................................
102
2.4.2.2
HEAT
OF
IMMERSION
...........................................................................
106
2.4.2.3
INVERSE
GAS
CHROMATOGRAPH
...........................................................
111
2.4.2.3.1
PRINCIPLE
OF
MEASURING
FILLER
SURFACE
ENERGY
WITH
IGC
.....
111
2.4.2.3.2
ADSORPTION
AT
INFINITE
DILUTION
...............................................
112
2.4.2.3.3
ADSORPTION
AT
FINITE
CONCENTRATION
........................................
118
2.4.2.3.4
SURFACE
ENERGY
OF
THE
FILLERS
..................................................
123
2.4.2.3.5
ESTIMATION
OF
RUBBER-FILLER
INTERACTION
FROM
ADSORPTION
ENERGY
OF
ELASTOMER
ANALOGS
................................................
139
2.4.2.4
BOUND
RUBBER
MEASUREMENT
.........................................................
142
VI
REFERENCES
................................................................................................................
143
3.
EFFECT
OF
FILLERS
IN
RUBBER
..............................................................
153
3.1
HYDRODYNAMIC
EFFECT
-
STRAIN
AMPLIFICATION
...............................................
153
3.2
INTERFACIAL
INTERACTION
BETWEEN
F
ILL
ER
AND
POLYMER
.......................................
155
3.2.1
BOUND
RUBBER
.........................................................................................
155
3.2.2
RUBBER
SHELL
...........................................................................................
159
3.3
OCCLUSION
OF
RUBBER
.......................................................................................
161
3.4
FILLER
AGGLOMERATION
......................................................................................
163
3.4.1
OBSERVATIONS
OF
FILLER
AGGLOMERATION
...................................................
163
3.4.2
MODES
OF
FILLER
AGGLOMERATION
..............................................................
164
3.4.3
THERMODYNAMICS
OF
FILLER
AGGLOMERATION
............................................
167
3.4.4
KINETICS
OF
FILLER
AGGLOMERATION
...........................................................
170
REFERENCES
................................................................................................................
173
4.
FILLER
DISPERSION
.............................................................................
177
4.1
BASIC
CONCEPT
OF
FILLER
DISPERSION
.................................................................
177
4.2
PARAMETERS
INFLUENCING
FILLER
DISPERSION
......................................................
179
4.3
LIQUID
PHASE
MIXING
.......................................................................................
187
REFERENCES
................................................................................................................
191
5.
EFFECT
OF
FILLERS
ON
THE
PROPERTIES
OF
UNCURED
COMPOUNDS
.....
193
5.1
BOUND
RUBBER
................................................................................................
193
5.1.1
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
BOUND
RUBBER
............................................................
194
5.1.2
MEASUREMENT
OF
BOUND
RUBBER
..........................................................
195
5.1.3
NATURE
OF
BOUND
RUBBER
ATTACHMENT
.................................................
197
5.1.4
POLYMER
MOBILITY
IN
BOUND
RUBBER
...................................................
202
5.1.5
POLYMER
EFFECTS
ON
BOUND
RUBBER
.....................................................
203
5.1.5.1
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
EFFECTS
...........................................................
203
5.1.5.2
POLYMER
CHEMISTRY
EFFECTS
.........................................................
203
5.1.6
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
ON
BOUND
RUBBER
.......................................................
204
5.1.6.1
SURFACE
AREA
AND
STRUCTURE
..........................................................
204
5.1.6.2
SPECIFIC
SURFACE
ACTIVITY
OF
CARBON
BLACKS
..............................
206
5.1.6.3
EFFECT
OF
SURFACE
CHARACTERISTICS
ON
BOUND
RUBBER
.................
210
5.1.6.4
CARBON
BLACK
SURFACE
MODIFICATION
............................................
211
5.1.6.5
SILICA
SURFACE
MODIFICATION
...........................................................
215
5.1.7
EFFECT
OF
MIXING
CONDITIONS
ON
BOUND
RUBBER
...............................
215
5.1.7.1
TEMPERATURE
AND
TIME
OF
MIXING
................................................
216
VN
5.1.7.2
MIXING
SEQUENCE
EFFECT
OF
RUBBER
INGREDIENTS
.......................
218
5.1.7.2.1
MIXING
SEQUENCE
OF
OIL
AND
OTHER
ADDITIVES
...................
219
5.1.7.2.2
MIXING
SEQUENCE
OF
SULFUR,
SULFUR
DONOR,
AND
OTHER
CROSSLINKERS
................................................................
221
5.1.7.2.3
BOUND
RUBBER
OF
SILICA
COMPOUNDS
..................................
222
5.1.7.3
BOUND
RUBBER
IN
WET
MASTERBATCHES
........................................
223
5.1.7.4
BOUND
RUBBER
OF
FUMED
SILICA-FILLED
SILICONE
RUBBER
.........
225
5.2
VISCOSITY
OF
FILLED
COMPOUNDS
..................................................................
227
5.2.1
FACTORS
INFLUENCING
VISCOSITY
OF
THE
CARBON
BLACK-FILLED
COMPOUNDS
...........................................................................................
227
5.2.2
MASTER
CURVE
OF
VISCOSITY
VS.
EFFECTIVE
VOLUME
OF
CARBON
BLACKS
.......................................................................................
230
5.2.3
VISCOSITY
OF
SILICA
COMPOUNDS
..........................................................
233
5.2.4
VISCOSITY
GROWTH
-
STORAGE
HARDENING
............................................
238
5.3
DIE
SWELL
AND
SURFACE
APPEARANCE
OF
THE
EXTRUDATE
..............................
241
5.3.1
DIE
SWELL
OF
CARBON
BLACK
COMPOUNDS
...........................................
241
5.3.2
DIE
SWELL
OF
SILICA
COMPOUNDS
.........................................................
246
5.3.3
EXTRUDATE
APPEARANCE
..........................................................................
247
5.4
GREEN
STRENGTH
..............................................................................................
249
5.4.1
EFFECT
OF
POLYMERS
................................................................................
249
5.4.2
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
PROPERTIES
....................................................................
252
REFERENCES
................................................................................................................
255
6.
EFFECT
OF
FILLERS
ON
THE
PROPERTIES
OF
VULCANIZATES
...................
263
6.1
SWELLING
.........................................................................................................
263
6.2
STRESS-STRAIN
BEHAVIOR
.................................................................................
271
6.2.1
LOW
STRAIN
.............................................................................................
271
6.2.2
HARDNESS
.................................................................................................
274
6.2.3
MEDIUM
AND
HIGH
STRAINS
-
THE
STRAIN
DEPENDENCE
OF
MODULUS
..................................................................................................
275
6.3
STRAIN-ENERGY
LOSS
-
STRESS-SOFTENING
EFFECT
..........................................
279
6.3.1
MECHANISMS
OF
STRESS-SOFTENING
EFFECT
............................................
282
6.3.1.1
GUM
..................................................................................................
282
6.3.1.2
FILLED
VULCANIZATES
.........................................................................
283
6.3.1.3
RECOVERY
OF
STRESS
SOFTENING
.......................................................
287
6.3.2
EFFECT
OF
FILLERS
ON
STRESS
SOFTENING
..................................................
288
6.3.2.1
CARBON
BLACKS
................................................................................
288
6.3.2.1.1
EFFECT
OF
LOADING
..................................................................
288
6.3.2.1.2
EFFECT
OF
SURFACE
AREA
..........................................................
289
VM
6.3.2.1.3
EFFECT
OF
STRUCTURE
.................................................................
290
6.3.2.2
PRECIPITATED
SILICA
........................................................................
290
6.4
FRACTURE
PROPERTIES
........................................................................................
295
6.4.1
CRACK
INITIATION
.....................................................................................
295
6.4.2
TEARING
..................................................................................................
296
6.4.2.1
STATE
OF
TEARING
.............................................................................
296
6.4.2.1.1
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
......................................................................
301
6.4.2.1.2
EFFECT
OF
POLYMER
CRYSTALLIZABILITY
AND
NETWORK
STRUCTURE
.................................................................
302
6.4.2.2
TEARING
ENERGY
..............................................................................
306
6.4.2.2.1
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
.......................................................................
306
6.4.2.2.2
EFFECT
OF
POLYMER
CRYSTALLIZABILITY
AND
NETWORK
STRUCTURE
.................................................................
307
6.4.3
TENSILE
STRENGTH
AND
ELONGATION
AT
BREAK
........................................
315
6.4.4
FATIGUE
...................................................................................................
318
REFERENCES
...............................................................................................................
321
7.
EFFECT
OF
FILLERS
ON
THE
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
OF
VULCANIZATES
................................................................................
329
7.1
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
OF
VULCANIZATES
..........................................................
329
7.2
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
OF
FILLED
VULCANIZATES
..............................................
332
7.2.1
STRAIN
AMPLITUDE
DEPENDENCE
OF
ELASTIC
MODULUS
OF
FILLED
RUBBER
.........................................................................................
332
7.2.2
STRAIN
AMPLITUDE
DEPENDENCE
OF
VISCOUS
MODULUS
OF
FILLED
RUBBER
.........................................................................................
340
7.2.3
STRAIN
AMPLITUDE
DEPENDENCE
OF
LOSS
TANGENT
OF
FILLED
RUBBER
.........................................................................................
343
7.2.4
HYSTERESIS
MECHANISMS
OF
FILLED
RUBBER
CONCERNING
DIFFERENT
MODES
OF
FILLER
AGGLOMERATION
..........................................................
348
7.2.5
TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENCE
OF
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
OF
FILLED
VULCANIZATES
...............................................................................
350
7.3
DYNAMIC
STRESS
SOFTENING
EFFECT
................................................................
354
7.3.1
STRESS-SOFTENING
EFFECT
OF
FILLED
RUBBERS
MEASURED
WITH
MODE
2
..........................................................................................
355
7.3.2
EFFECT
OF
TEMPERATURE
ON
DYNAMIC
STRESS-SOFTENING
......................
359
7.3.3
EFFECT
OF
FREQUENCY
ON
DYNAMIC
STRESS-SOFTENING
..........................
360
7.3.4
STRESS-SOFTENING
EFFECT
OF
FILLED
RUBBERS
MEASURED
WITH
MODE
3
..................................................................................................
362
7.3.5
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
CHARACTERISTICS
ON
DYNAMIC
K
STRESS-SOFTENING
AND
HYSTERESIS
369
7.3.6
DYNAMIC
STRESS-SOFTENING
OF
SILICA
COMPOUNDS
PRODUCED
BY
LIQUID
PHASE
MIXING
371
7.4
TIME-TEMPERATURE
SUPERPOSITION
OF
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
OF
FILLED
VULCANIZATES
7.5
HEAT
BUILD-UP
7.6
RESILIENCE
.......................................................................................................
387
REFERENCES
8.
RUBBER
REINFORCEMENT
RELATED
TO
TIRE
PERFORMANCE
394
8.1
ROLLING
RESISTANCE
394
8.1.1
MECHANISMS
OF
ROLLING
RESISTANCE
-
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
ROLLING
RESISTANCE
AND
HYSTERESIS
394
8.1.2
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
ON
TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENCE
OF
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
396
8.1.2.1
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
LOADING
396
8.1.2.2
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
MORPHOLOGY
397
8.1.2.2.1
EFFECT
OF
SURFACE
AREA
397
8.1.2.2.2
EFFECT
OF
STRUCTURE
400
8.1.2.3
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
SURFACE
CHARACTERISTICS
402
8.1.2.3.1
EFFECT
OF
CARBON
BLACK
GRAPHITIZATION
ON
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
403
8.1.2.3.2
COMPARISON
OF
CARBON
BLACK
AND
SILICA
405
8.1.2.3.3
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
BLENDS
(BLEND
OF
SILICA
AND
CARBON
BLACK,
WITHOUT
COUPLING
AGENT)
408
8.1.2.3.4
EFFECT
OF
SURFACE
MODIFICATION
OF
SILICA
411
8.1.2.3.5
EFFECT
OF
SURFACE
MODIFICATION
OF
CARBON
BLACK
ON
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
414
8.1.2.3.6
CARBON/SILICA
DUAL
PHASE
FILLER
418
8.1.2.3.7
POLYMERIC
FILLER
423
8.1.3
MIXING
EFFECT
425
8.1.4
PRECROSSLINKING
EFFECT
428
8.2
SKID
RESISTANCE
-
FRICTION
430
8.2.1
MECHANISMS
OF
SKID
RESISTANCE
434
8.2.1.1
FRICTION
AND
FRICTION
COEFFICIENTS
-
STATIC
FRICTION
AND
DYNAMIC
FRICTION
434
8.2.1.2
FRICTION
BETWEEN
TWO
RIGID
SOLID
SURFACES
434
8.2.2
FRICTION
OF
RUBBER
ON
RIGID
SURFACE
435
8.2.2.1
DRY
FRICTION
435
X
8.2.2.1.1
ADHESION
FRICTION
.....................................................................
435
8.2.2.1.2
HYSTERESIS
FRICTION
...................................................................
437
8.2.2.2
WET
FRICTION
....................................................................................
438
8.2.2.2.1
ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC
LUBRICATION
...........................................
439
8.2.2.2.2
THE
THICKNESS
OF
LUBRICANT
FILM
FOR
RUBBER
SLIDING
OVER
RIGID
ASPERITY
.................................................................
439
8.2.2.2.3
BOUNDARY
LUBRICATION
.............................................................
439
8.2.2.2.4
DIFFERENCE
IN
BOUNDARY
LUBRICATION
BETWEEN
RIGID-RIGID
AND
RIGID-ELASTOMER
SURFACES
............................
440
8.2.2.3
REVIEW
OF
FRICTIONAL
PROPERTIES
OF
SOME
TIRE
TREAD
MATERIALS
..........................................................................................
442
8.2.2.3
.1
CARBON
AND
GRAPHITE
................................................................
442
8.2.2.3.2
GLASS
.........................................................................................
443
8.2.2.3.3
RUBBER
.....................................................................................
443
8.2.2.3.4
PREDICTION
OF
FRICTION
OF
FILLED
RUBBERS
ON
DRY
AND
WET
ROAD
SURFACES
BASED
ON
SURFACE
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
DIFFERENT
MATERIALS
..................................................................
444
8.2.2.4
MORPHOLOGY
OF
THE
WORN
SURFACE
OF
FILLED
VULCANIZATES
............
444
8.2.2.4.
1
COMPARISON
OF
POLYMER-FILLER
INTERACTION
BETWEEN
CARBON
BLACK
AND
SILICA
.........................................................
445
8.2.2.4.2
EFFECT
OF
BREAK-IN
OF
SPECIMENS
UNDER
WET
CONDITIONS
ON
FRICTION
COEFFICIENTS
..........................................................
448
8.2.2.4.3
ABRASION
RESISTANCE
OF
FILLED
VULCANIZATES
UNDER
WET
AND
DRY
CONDITIONS
.........................................................
449
8.2.2.4.4
OBSERVATION
OF
THE
CHANGE
IN
FRICTION
COEFFICIENTS
DURING
SKID
TEST
.....................................................................
450
8.2.2.4.5
SEM
OBSERVATION
OF
WORN
SURFACE
........................................
451
8.2.3
WET
SKID
RESISTANCE
OF
TIRE
.................................................................
451
8.2.3.1
THREE
ZONE
CONCEPT
.......................................................................
452
8.2.3.2
EFFECT
OF
DIFFERENT
FILLERS
IN
THE
THREE
ZONES
...............................
454
8.2.3.2.1
MINIMIZATION
OF
SQUEEZE-FILM
ZONE
......................................
454
8.2.3.2.2
MINIMIZATION
OF
TRANSITION
ZONE
AND
MAXIMIZING
ITS
BOUNDARY
LUBRICATION
COMPONENT
.........................................
454
8.2.3.2.3
MAXIMIZATION
OF
TRACTION
ZONE
.............................................
456
8.2.3.3
INFLUENCING
FACTORS
ON
WET
SKID
RESISTANCE
................................
456
8.2.3.3.1
EFFECT
OF
TEST
CONDITIONS
ON
WET
SKID
RESISTANCE
.................
458
8.2.3.3.2
EFFECT
OF
COMPOUND
PROPERTIES
AND
TEST
METHODS
ON
WET
SKID
RESISTANCE
..............................................................
464
8.2.3.4
DEVELOPMENT
OF
A
NEW
FILLER
FOR
WET
SKID
RESISTANCE
...............
467
8.3
ABRASION
RESISTANCE
......................................................................................
471
XI
8.3.1
ABRASION
MECHANISMS
............................................................................
471
8.3.2
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
PARAMETERS
ON
ABRASION
................................................
480
8.3.2.1
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
LOADING
...................................................................
480
8.3.2.2
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
SURFACE
AREA
...........................................................
482
8.3.2.3
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
STRUCTURE
.................................................................
483
8.3.2.4
EFFECT
OF
FILLER-ELASTOMER
INTERACTION
............................................
485
8.3.2.4.1
EFFECT
OF
FILLER-ELASTOMER
INTERACTION
RELATED
TO
SURFACE
AREA
............................................................................
485
8.3.2.4.2
EFFECT
OF
HEAT
TREATMENT
OF
CARBON
BLACK
...........................
486
8.3.2.4.3
EFFECT
OF
OXIDATION
OF
CARBON
BLACK
....................................
487
8.3.2.4.4
EFFECT
OF
PHYSICAL
ADSORPTION
OF
CHEMICALS
ON
CARBON
BLACK
SURFACE
..............................................................
487
8.3.2.5
EFFECT
OF
CARBON
BLACK
MIXING
PROCEDURE
....................................
488
8.3.2.6
SILICA
VS.
CARBON
BLACK
..................................................................
490
8.3.2.7
SILICA
IN
EMULSION
SBR
COMPOUNDS
.............................................
491
8.3.2.8
SILICA
IN
NR
COMPOUNDS
................................................................
492
8.3.2.9
EFFECT
OF
CSDPF
ON
ABRASION
RESISTANCE
.....................................
494
REFERENCES
................................................................................................................
495
9.
DEVELOPMENT
OF
NEW
MATERIALS
FOR
TIRE
APPLICATION
................
508
9.1
CHEMICAL
MODIFIED
CARBON
BLACK
.................................................................
508
9.2
CARBON-SILICA
DUAL
PHASE
FILLER
(CSDPF)
....................................................
510
9.2.1
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
CHEMISTRY
..................................................................
512
9.2.2
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
COMPOUNDING
............................................................
513
9.2.3
APPLICATION
OF
CSDPF
4000
IN
PASSENGER
TIRES
...................................
515
9.2.4
APPLICATION
OF
CSDPF
2000
IN
TRUCK
TIRES
..........................................
515
9.3
NR/CARBON
BLACK
MASTERBATCH PRODUCED
BY
LIQUID
PHASE
MIXING
...........
516
9.3.1
MECHANISMS
OF
MIXING,
COAGULATION,
AND
DEWATERING
........................
517
9.3.2
COMPOUNDING
CHARACTERISTICS
................................................................
518
9.3.2.1
MASTICATION
EFFICIENCY
.....................................................................
519
9.3.2.2
CEC
PRODUCT
FORM
...........................................................................
520
9.3.2.3
MIXING
EQUIPMENT
...........................................................................
520
9.3.2.4
MIXING
PROCEDURES
........................................
521
9.3.2.4.1
TWO-STAGE
MIXING
..................................................................
521
9.3.2.4.2
SINGLE-STAGE
MIXING
................................................................
522
9.3.2.5
TOTAL
MIXING
CYCLE
.........................................................................
523
9.3.3
CURE
CHARACTERISTICS
...............................................................................
524
9.3.4
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
CEC
VULCANIZATES
..............................................
524
9.3.4.1
STRESS-STRAIN
PROPERTIES
...................................................................
524
XN
9.3.4.2
ABRASION
RESISTANCE
.......................................................................
525
9.3.4.3
DYNAMIC
HYSTERESIS
AT
HIGH
TEMPERATURE
.....................................
526
9.3.4.4
CUT-CHIP
RESISTANCE
.......................................................................
529
9.3.4.5
FLEX
FATIGUE
....................................................................................
529
9.4
SYNTHETIC
RUBBER/SILICA
MASTERBATCH
PRODUCED
WITH
LIQUID
PHASE
MIXING
......................................................................................
530
9.4.1
PRODUCTION
PROCESS
OF
EVEC
.................................................................
531
9.4.2
COMPOUND
PROPERTIES
.............................................................................
532
9.4.2.1
BOUND
RUBBER
CONTENT
...................................................................
533
9.4.2.2
MOONEY
VISCOSITY
..........................................................................
534
9.4.2.3
EXTRUSION
.........................................................................................
534
9.4.2.4
CURE
CHARACTERISTICS
.......................................................................
535
9.4.3
VULCANIZATE
PROPERTIES
..........................................................................
537
9.4.3.1
HARDNESS
OF
VULCANIZATES
...............................................................
537
9.4.3.2
STATIC
STRESS-STRAIN
PROPERTIES
........................................................
537
9.4.3.3
TENSILE
STRENGTH
AND
ELONGATION
AT
BREAK
......................................
540
9.4.3.4
TEAR
STRENGTH
...................................................................................
540
9.4.3.5
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
........................................................................
541
9.4.3.5.1
STRAIN
DEPENDENCE
OF
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
...........................
541
9.4.3.5.2
TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENCE
OF
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
................
544
9.4.3.5.3
REBOUND
AND
HEAT
BUILD-UP
....................................................
548
9.4.3.6
ABRASION
RESISTANCE
.......................................................................
548
9.5
POWDERED
RUBBER
...........................................................................................
549
9.5.1
PRODUCTION
OF
POWDERED
RUBBER
...........................................................
549
9.5.2
MIXING
OF
POWDERED
RUBBER
..................................................................
549
9.5.3
PROPERTIES
OF
POWDERED
RUBBER
COMPOUNDS
........................................
550
9.6
MASTERBATCHES
WITH
OTHER
FILLERS
...................................................................
551
9.6.1
STARCH
.......................................................................................................
551
9.6.2
ORGANO-CLAYS
..........................................................................................
553
REFERENCES
...............................................................................................................
553
10.
REINFORCEMENT
OF
SILICONE
RUBBER
...........................................
558
10.1
FUMED
VS.
PRECIPITATED
SILICA
......................................................................
559
10.2
INTERACTION
BETWEEN
SILICA AND
SILICONE
POLYMERS
.................................
560
10.2.1
SURFACE
ENERGY
CHARACTERIZATION
BY
INVERSE
GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
..................................................................................
560
10.2.2
BOUND
RUBBER
IN
SILICA-PDMS
SYSTEMS
............................................
562
10.3
CREPE
HARDENING
...........................................................................................
563
10.4
SILICA
SURFACE
MODIFICATION
.........................................................................
564
XFFL
10.5
MORPHOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
SILICA
..............................................................
565
10.5.1
SURFACE
AREA
.........................................................................................
565
10.5.2
STRUCTURE
PROPERTIES
OF
SILICA
................................................................
567
10.6
MIXING
AND
PROCESSING
OF
SILICONE
COMPOUNDS
.........................................
568
10.7
SILICA
DISPERSION
IN
SILICONE
RUBBER
...........................................................
572
10.8
STATIC
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
........................................................................
573
10.8.1
TENSILE
MODULUS
....................................................................................
573
10.8.2
TENSILE
STRENGTH
AND
ELONGATION
PROPERTIES
..........................................
576
10.8.3
COMPRESSION
SET
...................................................................................
576
10.9
DYNAMIC
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
..................................................................
578
REFERENCES
................................................................................................................
580
INDEX
.....................................................................................................
583
XIV
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
PREFACE
.
I
ABOUT
THE
AUTHORS
.
IH
1.
MANUFACTURE
OF
FILLERS
.
1
1.1
MANUFACTURE
OF
CARBON
BLACK
.
3
1.1.1
MECHANISMS
OF
CARBON
BLACK
FORMATION
.
3
1.1.2
MANUFACTURING
PROCESS
OF
CARBON
BLACK
.
6
1.1.2.1
OIL-FURNACE
PROCESS
.
6
1.1.2.2
THE
THERMAL
BLACK
PROCESS
.
10
1.1.2.3
ACETYLENE
BLACK
PROCESS
.
11
1.1.2.4
LAMPBLACK
PROCESS
.
11
1.1.2.5
IMPINGEMENT
(CHANNEL,
ROLLER)
BLACK
PROCESS
.
12
1.1.2.6
RECYCLE
BLACKS
.
12
1.1.2.7
SURFACE
MODIFICATION
OF
CARBON
BLACKS
.
13
1.1.2.7.1
ATTACHMENTS
OF
THE
AROMATIC
RING
NUCLEUS
TO
CARBON
BLACK
.
13
1.1.2.7.2
ATTACHMENTS
TO
THE
AROMATIC
RING
STRUCTURE
THROUGH
OXIDIZED
GROUPS
.
13
1.1.2.7.3
METAL
OXIDE
TREATMENT
.
14
1.2
MANUFACTURE
OF
SILICA
.
14
1.2.1
MECHANISMS
OF
PRECIPITATED
SILICA
FORMATION
.
15
1.2.2
MANUFACTURING
PROCESS
OF
PRECIPITATED
SILICA
.
16
1.2.3
MECHANISMS
OF
FUMED
SILICA
FORMATION
.
18
1.2.4
MANUFACTURE
PROCESS
OF
FUMED
SILICA
.
18
REFERENCES
.
19
2.
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
FILLERS
.
22
2.1
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
.
23
2.1.1
CARBON
BLACK
.
23
V
2.1.2
SILICA
.
25
2.2
MICRO-STRUCTURE
OF
FILLERS
.27
2.2.1
CARBON
BLACK
.
27
2.2.2
SILICA
.
29
2.3
FILLER
MORPHOLOGIES
.
29
2.3.1
PRIMARY
PARTICLES-SURFACE
AREA
.
29
2.3.1.1
TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
(TEM)
.
30
2.3.1.2
GAS
PHASE
ADSORPTIONS
.
34
2.3.1.2.1
TOTAL
SURFACE
AREA
MEASURED
BY
NITROGEN
ADSORPTION
-
BET/NSA
.
35
2.3.1.2.2
EXTERNAL
SURFACE
AREA
MEASURED
BY
NITROGEN
ADSORPTION
-
STS
A
.
41
2.3.1.2.3
MICRO-PORE
SIZE
DISTRIBUTION
MEASURED
BY
NITROGEN
ADSORPTION
.
46
2.3.1.3
LIQUID
PHASE
ADSORPTIONS
.
51
2.3.1.3.1
IODINE
ADSORPTIONS
.
52
2.3.1.3.2
ADSORPTION
OF
LARGE
MOLECULES
.
56
2.3.2
STRUCTURE-AGGREGATE
SIZE
AND
SHAPE
.
61
2.3.2.1
TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPY
.
62
2.3.2.2
DISC
CENTRIFUGE
PHOTOSEDIMENTOMETER
.
66
2.3.2.3
VOID
VOLUME
MEASUREMENT
.
68
2.3.2.3.1
OIL
ABSORPTION
.
69
23.2.3.2
COMPRESSED
VOLUME
.
75
23.2.3.3
MERCURY
POROSIMETRY
.
80
2.3.3
TINTING
STRENGTH
.
83
2.4
FILLER
SURFACE
CHARACTERISTICS
.
92
2.4.1
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
SURFACE
CHEMISTRY
OF
FILLER-SURFACE
GROUPS
.
92
2.4.2
CHARACTERIZATION
OF
PHYSICAL
CHEMISTRY
OF
FILLER
SURFACE-SURFACE
ENERGY
.
93
2.4.2.1
CONTACT
ANGLE
.
98
2.4.2.1.1
SINGLE
LIQUID
PHASE
.98
2.4.2.1.2
DUAL
LIQUID
PHASES
.
102
2.4.2.2
HEAT
OF
IMMERSION
.
106
2.4.2.3
INVERSE
GAS
CHROMATOGRAPH
.
111
2.4.2.3.1
PRINCIPLE
OF
MEASURING
FILLER
SURFACE
ENERGY
WITH
IGC
.
111
2.4.2.3.2
ADSORPTION
AT
INFINITE
DILUTION
.
112
2.4.2.3.3
ADSORPTION
AT
FINITE
CONCENTRATION
.
118
2.4.2.3.4
SURFACE
ENERGY
OF
THE
FILLERS
.
123
2.4.2.3.5
ESTIMATION
OF
RUBBER-FILLER
INTERACTION
FROM
ADSORPTION
ENERGY
OF
ELASTOMER
ANALOGS
.
139
2.4.2.4
BOUND
RUBBER
MEASUREMENT
.
142
VI
REFERENCES
.
143
3.
EFFECT
OF
FILLERS
IN
RUBBER
.
153
3.1
HYDRODYNAMIC
EFFECT
-
STRAIN
AMPLIFICATION
.
153
3.2
INTERFACIAL
INTERACTION
BETWEEN
F
ILL
ER
AND
POLYMER
.
155
3.2.1
BOUND
RUBBER
.
155
3.2.2
RUBBER
SHELL
.
159
3.3
OCCLUSION
OF
RUBBER
.
161
3.4
FILLER
AGGLOMERATION
.
163
3.4.1
OBSERVATIONS
OF
FILLER
AGGLOMERATION
.
163
3.4.2
MODES
OF
FILLER
AGGLOMERATION
.
164
3.4.3
THERMODYNAMICS
OF
FILLER
AGGLOMERATION
.
167
3.4.4
KINETICS
OF
FILLER
AGGLOMERATION
.
170
REFERENCES
.
173
4.
FILLER
DISPERSION
.
177
4.1
BASIC
CONCEPT
OF
FILLER
DISPERSION
.
177
4.2
PARAMETERS
INFLUENCING
FILLER
DISPERSION
.
179
4.3
LIQUID
PHASE
MIXING
.
187
REFERENCES
.
191
5.
EFFECT
OF
FILLERS
ON
THE
PROPERTIES
OF
UNCURED
COMPOUNDS
.
193
5.1
BOUND
RUBBER
.
193
5.1.1
SIGNIFICANCE
OF
BOUND
RUBBER
.
194
5.1.2
MEASUREMENT
OF
BOUND
RUBBER
.
195
5.1.3
NATURE
OF
BOUND
RUBBER
ATTACHMENT
.
197
5.1.4
POLYMER
MOBILITY
IN
BOUND
RUBBER
.
202
5.1.5
POLYMER
EFFECTS
ON
BOUND
RUBBER
.
203
5.1.5.1
MOLECULAR
WEIGHT
EFFECTS
.
203
5.1.5.2
POLYMER
CHEMISTRY
EFFECTS
.
203
5.1.6
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
ON
BOUND
RUBBER
.
204
5.1.6.1
SURFACE
AREA
AND
STRUCTURE
.
204
5.1.6.2
SPECIFIC
SURFACE
ACTIVITY
OF
CARBON
BLACKS
.
206
5.1.6.3
EFFECT
OF
SURFACE
CHARACTERISTICS
ON
BOUND
RUBBER
.
210
5.1.6.4
CARBON
BLACK
SURFACE
MODIFICATION
.
211
5.1.6.5
SILICA
SURFACE
MODIFICATION
.
215
5.1.7
EFFECT
OF
MIXING
CONDITIONS
ON
BOUND
RUBBER
.
215
5.1.7.1
TEMPERATURE
AND
TIME
OF
MIXING
.
216
VN
5.1.7.2
MIXING
SEQUENCE
EFFECT
OF
RUBBER
INGREDIENTS
.
218
5.1.7.2.1
MIXING
SEQUENCE
OF
OIL
AND
OTHER
ADDITIVES
.
219
5.1.7.2.2
MIXING
SEQUENCE
OF
SULFUR,
SULFUR
DONOR,
AND
OTHER
CROSSLINKERS
.
221
5.1.7.2.3
BOUND
RUBBER
OF
SILICA
COMPOUNDS
.
222
5.1.7.3
BOUND
RUBBER
IN
WET
MASTERBATCHES
.
223
5.1.7.4
BOUND
RUBBER
OF
FUMED
SILICA-FILLED
SILICONE
RUBBER
.
225
5.2
VISCOSITY
OF
FILLED
COMPOUNDS
.
227
5.2.1
FACTORS
INFLUENCING
VISCOSITY
OF
THE
CARBON
BLACK-FILLED
COMPOUNDS
.
227
5.2.2
MASTER
CURVE
OF
VISCOSITY
VS.
EFFECTIVE
VOLUME
OF
CARBON
BLACKS
.
230
5.2.3
VISCOSITY
OF
SILICA
COMPOUNDS
.
233
5.2.4
VISCOSITY
GROWTH
-
STORAGE
HARDENING
.
238
5.3
DIE
SWELL
AND
SURFACE
APPEARANCE
OF
THE
EXTRUDATE
.
241
5.3.1
DIE
SWELL
OF
CARBON
BLACK
COMPOUNDS
.
241
5.3.2
DIE
SWELL
OF
SILICA
COMPOUNDS
.
246
5.3.3
EXTRUDATE
APPEARANCE
.
247
5.4
GREEN
STRENGTH
.
249
5.4.1
EFFECT
OF
POLYMERS
.
249
5.4.2
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
PROPERTIES
.
252
REFERENCES
.
255
6.
EFFECT
OF
FILLERS
ON
THE
PROPERTIES
OF
VULCANIZATES
.
263
6.1
SWELLING
.
263
6.2
STRESS-STRAIN
BEHAVIOR
.
271
6.2.1
LOW
STRAIN
.
271
6.2.2
HARDNESS
.
274
6.2.3
MEDIUM
AND
HIGH
STRAINS
-
THE
STRAIN
DEPENDENCE
OF
MODULUS
.
275
6.3
STRAIN-ENERGY
LOSS
-
STRESS-SOFTENING
EFFECT
.
279
6.3.1
MECHANISMS
OF
STRESS-SOFTENING
EFFECT
.
282
6.3.1.1
GUM
.
282
6.3.1.2
FILLED
VULCANIZATES
.
283
6.3.1.3
RECOVERY
OF
STRESS
SOFTENING
.
287
6.3.2
EFFECT
OF
FILLERS
ON
STRESS
SOFTENING
.
288
6.3.2.1
CARBON
BLACKS
.
288
6.3.2.1.1
EFFECT
OF
LOADING
.
288
6.3.2.1.2
EFFECT
OF
SURFACE
AREA
.
289
VM
6.3.2.1.3
EFFECT
OF
STRUCTURE
.
290
6.3.2.2
PRECIPITATED
SILICA
.
290
6.4
FRACTURE
PROPERTIES
.
295
6.4.1
CRACK
INITIATION
.
295
6.4.2
TEARING
.
296
6.4.2.1
STATE
OF
TEARING
.
296
6.4.2.1.1
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
.
301
6.4.2.1.2
EFFECT
OF
POLYMER
CRYSTALLIZABILITY
AND
NETWORK
STRUCTURE
.
302
6.4.2.2
TEARING
ENERGY
.
306
6.4.2.2.1
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
.
306
6.4.2.2.2
EFFECT
OF
POLYMER
CRYSTALLIZABILITY
AND
NETWORK
STRUCTURE
.
307
6.4.3
TENSILE
STRENGTH
AND
ELONGATION
AT
BREAK
.
315
6.4.4
FATIGUE
.
318
REFERENCES
.
321
7.
EFFECT
OF
FILLERS
ON
THE
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
OF
VULCANIZATES
.
329
7.1
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
OF
VULCANIZATES
.
329
7.2
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
OF
FILLED
VULCANIZATES
.
332
7.2.1
STRAIN
AMPLITUDE
DEPENDENCE
OF
ELASTIC
MODULUS
OF
FILLED
RUBBER
.
332
7.2.2
STRAIN
AMPLITUDE
DEPENDENCE
OF
VISCOUS
MODULUS
OF
FILLED
RUBBER
.
340
7.2.3
STRAIN
AMPLITUDE
DEPENDENCE
OF
LOSS
TANGENT
OF
FILLED
RUBBER
.
343
7.2.4
HYSTERESIS
MECHANISMS
OF
FILLED
RUBBER
CONCERNING
DIFFERENT
MODES
OF
FILLER
AGGLOMERATION
.
348
7.2.5
TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENCE
OF
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
OF
FILLED
VULCANIZATES
.
350
7.3
DYNAMIC
STRESS
SOFTENING
EFFECT
.
354
7.3.1
STRESS-SOFTENING
EFFECT
OF
FILLED
RUBBERS
MEASURED
WITH
MODE
2
.
355
7.3.2
EFFECT
OF
TEMPERATURE
ON
DYNAMIC
STRESS-SOFTENING
.
359
7.3.3
EFFECT
OF
FREQUENCY
ON
DYNAMIC
STRESS-SOFTENING
.
360
7.3.4
STRESS-SOFTENING
EFFECT
OF
FILLED
RUBBERS
MEASURED
WITH
MODE
3
.
362
7.3.5
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
CHARACTERISTICS
ON
DYNAMIC
K
STRESS-SOFTENING
AND
HYSTERESIS
369
7.3.6
DYNAMIC
STRESS-SOFTENING
OF
SILICA
COMPOUNDS
PRODUCED
BY
LIQUID
PHASE
MIXING
371
7.4
TIME-TEMPERATURE
SUPERPOSITION
OF
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
OF
FILLED
VULCANIZATES
7.5
HEAT
BUILD-UP
7.6
RESILIENCE
.
387
REFERENCES
8.
RUBBER
REINFORCEMENT
RELATED
TO
TIRE
PERFORMANCE
394
8.1
ROLLING
RESISTANCE
394
8.1.1
MECHANISMS
OF
ROLLING
RESISTANCE
-
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN
ROLLING
RESISTANCE
AND
HYSTERESIS
394
8.1.2
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
ON
TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENCE
OF
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
396
8.1.2.1
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
LOADING
396
8.1.2.2
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
MORPHOLOGY
397
8.1.2.2.1
EFFECT
OF
SURFACE
AREA
397
8.1.2.2.2
EFFECT
OF
STRUCTURE
400
8.1.2.3
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
SURFACE
CHARACTERISTICS
402
8.1.2.3.1
EFFECT
OF
CARBON
BLACK
GRAPHITIZATION
ON
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
403
8.1.2.3.2
COMPARISON
OF
CARBON
BLACK
AND
SILICA
405
8.1.2.3.3
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
BLENDS
(BLEND
OF
SILICA
AND
CARBON
BLACK,
WITHOUT
COUPLING
AGENT)
408
8.1.2.3.4
EFFECT
OF
SURFACE
MODIFICATION
OF
SILICA
411
8.1.2.3.5
EFFECT
OF
SURFACE
MODIFICATION
OF
CARBON
BLACK
ON
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
414
8.1.2.3.6
CARBON/SILICA
DUAL
PHASE
FILLER
418
8.1.2.3.7
POLYMERIC
FILLER
423
8.1.3
MIXING
EFFECT
425
8.1.4
PRECROSSLINKING
EFFECT
428
8.2
SKID
RESISTANCE
-
FRICTION
430
8.2.1
MECHANISMS
OF
SKID
RESISTANCE
434
8.2.1.1
FRICTION
AND
FRICTION
COEFFICIENTS
-
STATIC
FRICTION
AND
DYNAMIC
FRICTION
434
8.2.1.2
FRICTION
BETWEEN
TWO
RIGID
SOLID
SURFACES
434
8.2.2
FRICTION
OF
RUBBER
ON
RIGID
SURFACE
435
8.2.2.1
DRY
FRICTION
435
X
8.2.2.1.1
ADHESION
FRICTION
.
435
8.2.2.1.2
HYSTERESIS
FRICTION
.
437
8.2.2.2
WET
FRICTION
.
438
8.2.2.2.1
ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC
LUBRICATION
.
439
8.2.2.2.2
THE
THICKNESS
OF
LUBRICANT
FILM
FOR
RUBBER
SLIDING
OVER
RIGID
ASPERITY
.
439
8.2.2.2.3
BOUNDARY
LUBRICATION
.
439
8.2.2.2.4
DIFFERENCE
IN
BOUNDARY
LUBRICATION
BETWEEN
RIGID-RIGID
AND
RIGID-ELASTOMER
SURFACES
.
440
8.2.2.3
REVIEW
OF
FRICTIONAL
PROPERTIES
OF
SOME
TIRE
TREAD
MATERIALS
.
442
8.2.2.3
.1
CARBON
AND
GRAPHITE
.
442
8.2.2.3.2
GLASS
.
443
8.2.2.3.3
RUBBER
.
443
8.2.2.3.4
PREDICTION
OF
FRICTION
OF
FILLED
RUBBERS
ON
DRY
AND
WET
ROAD
SURFACES
BASED
ON
SURFACE
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
DIFFERENT
MATERIALS
.
444
8.2.2.4
MORPHOLOGY
OF
THE
WORN
SURFACE
OF
FILLED
VULCANIZATES
.
444
8.2.2.4.
1
COMPARISON
OF
POLYMER-FILLER
INTERACTION
BETWEEN
CARBON
BLACK
AND
SILICA
.
445
8.2.2.4.2
EFFECT
OF
BREAK-IN
OF
SPECIMENS
UNDER
WET
CONDITIONS
ON
FRICTION
COEFFICIENTS
.
448
8.2.2.4.3
ABRASION
RESISTANCE
OF
FILLED
VULCANIZATES
UNDER
WET
AND
DRY
CONDITIONS
.
449
8.2.2.4.4
OBSERVATION
OF
THE
CHANGE
IN
FRICTION
COEFFICIENTS
DURING
SKID
TEST
.
450
8.2.2.4.5
SEM
OBSERVATION
OF
WORN
SURFACE
.
451
8.2.3
WET
SKID
RESISTANCE
OF
TIRE
.
451
8.2.3.1
THREE
ZONE
CONCEPT
.
452
8.2.3.2
EFFECT
OF
DIFFERENT
FILLERS
IN
THE
THREE
ZONES
.
454
8.2.3.2.1
MINIMIZATION
OF
SQUEEZE-FILM
ZONE
.
454
8.2.3.2.2
MINIMIZATION
OF
TRANSITION
ZONE
AND
MAXIMIZING
ITS
BOUNDARY
LUBRICATION
COMPONENT
.
454
8.2.3.2.3
MAXIMIZATION
OF
TRACTION
ZONE
.
456
8.2.3.3
INFLUENCING
FACTORS
ON
WET
SKID
RESISTANCE
.
456
8.2.3.3.1
EFFECT
OF
TEST
CONDITIONS
ON
WET
SKID
RESISTANCE
.
458
8.2.3.3.2
EFFECT
OF
COMPOUND
PROPERTIES
AND
TEST
METHODS
ON
WET
SKID
RESISTANCE
.
464
8.2.3.4
DEVELOPMENT
OF
A
NEW
FILLER
FOR
WET
SKID
RESISTANCE
.
467
8.3
ABRASION
RESISTANCE
.
471
XI
8.3.1
ABRASION
MECHANISMS
.
471
8.3.2
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
PARAMETERS
ON
ABRASION
.
480
8.3.2.1
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
LOADING
.
480
8.3.2.2
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
SURFACE
AREA
.
482
8.3.2.3
EFFECT
OF
FILLER
STRUCTURE
.
483
8.3.2.4
EFFECT
OF
FILLER-ELASTOMER
INTERACTION
.
485
8.3.2.4.1
EFFECT
OF
FILLER-ELASTOMER
INTERACTION
RELATED
TO
SURFACE
AREA
.
485
8.3.2.4.2
EFFECT
OF
HEAT
TREATMENT
OF
CARBON
BLACK
.
486
8.3.2.4.3
EFFECT
OF
OXIDATION
OF
CARBON
BLACK
.
487
8.3.2.4.4
EFFECT
OF
PHYSICAL
ADSORPTION
OF
CHEMICALS
ON
CARBON
BLACK
SURFACE
.
487
8.3.2.5
EFFECT
OF
CARBON
BLACK
MIXING
PROCEDURE
.
488
8.3.2.6
SILICA
VS.
CARBON
BLACK
.
490
8.3.2.7
SILICA
IN
EMULSION
SBR
COMPOUNDS
.
491
8.3.2.8
SILICA
IN
NR
COMPOUNDS
.
492
8.3.2.9
EFFECT
OF
CSDPF
ON
ABRASION
RESISTANCE
.
494
REFERENCES
.
495
9.
DEVELOPMENT
OF
NEW
MATERIALS
FOR
TIRE
APPLICATION
.
508
9.1
CHEMICAL
MODIFIED
CARBON
BLACK
.
508
9.2
CARBON-SILICA
DUAL
PHASE
FILLER
(CSDPF)
.
510
9.2.1
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
CHEMISTRY
.
512
9.2.2
CHARACTERISTICS
OF
COMPOUNDING
.
513
9.2.3
APPLICATION
OF
CSDPF
4000
IN
PASSENGER
TIRES
.
515
9.2.4
APPLICATION
OF
CSDPF
2000
IN
TRUCK
TIRES
.
515
9.3
NR/CARBON
BLACK
MASTERBATCH PRODUCED
BY
LIQUID
PHASE
MIXING
.
516
9.3.1
MECHANISMS
OF
MIXING,
COAGULATION,
AND
DEWATERING
.
517
9.3.2
COMPOUNDING
CHARACTERISTICS
.
518
9.3.2.1
MASTICATION
EFFICIENCY
.
519
9.3.2.2
CEC
PRODUCT
FORM
.
520
9.3.2.3
MIXING
EQUIPMENT
.
520
9.3.2.4
MIXING
PROCEDURES
.
521
9.3.2.4.1
TWO-STAGE
MIXING
.
521
9.3.2.4.2
SINGLE-STAGE
MIXING
.
522
9.3.2.5
TOTAL
MIXING
CYCLE
.
523
9.3.3
CURE
CHARACTERISTICS
.
524
9.3.4
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
CEC
VULCANIZATES
.
524
9.3.4.1
STRESS-STRAIN
PROPERTIES
.
524
XN
9.3.4.2
ABRASION
RESISTANCE
.
525
9.3.4.3
DYNAMIC
HYSTERESIS
AT
HIGH
TEMPERATURE
.
526
9.3.4.4
CUT-CHIP
RESISTANCE
.
529
9.3.4.5
FLEX
FATIGUE
.
529
9.4
SYNTHETIC
RUBBER/SILICA
MASTERBATCH
PRODUCED
WITH
LIQUID
PHASE
MIXING
.
530
9.4.1
PRODUCTION
PROCESS
OF
EVEC
.
531
9.4.2
COMPOUND
PROPERTIES
.
532
9.4.2.1
BOUND
RUBBER
CONTENT
.
533
9.4.2.2
MOONEY
VISCOSITY
.
534
9.4.2.3
EXTRUSION
.
534
9.4.2.4
CURE
CHARACTERISTICS
.
535
9.4.3
VULCANIZATE
PROPERTIES
.
537
9.4.3.1
HARDNESS
OF
VULCANIZATES
.
537
9.4.3.2
STATIC
STRESS-STRAIN
PROPERTIES
.
537
9.4.3.3
TENSILE
STRENGTH
AND
ELONGATION
AT
BREAK
.
540
9.4.3.4
TEAR
STRENGTH
.
540
9.4.3.5
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
.
541
9.4.3.5.1
STRAIN
DEPENDENCE
OF
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
.
541
9.4.3.5.2
TEMPERATURE
DEPENDENCE
OF
DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES
.
544
9.4.3.5.3
REBOUND
AND
HEAT
BUILD-UP
.
548
9.4.3.6
ABRASION
RESISTANCE
.
548
9.5
POWDERED
RUBBER
.
549
9.5.1
PRODUCTION
OF
POWDERED
RUBBER
.
549
9.5.2
MIXING
OF
POWDERED
RUBBER
.
549
9.5.3
PROPERTIES
OF
POWDERED
RUBBER
COMPOUNDS
.
550
9.6
MASTERBATCHES
WITH
OTHER
FILLERS
.
551
9.6.1
STARCH
.
551
9.6.2
ORGANO-CLAYS
.
553
REFERENCES
.
553
10.
REINFORCEMENT
OF
SILICONE
RUBBER
.
558
10.1
FUMED
VS.
PRECIPITATED
SILICA
.
559
10.2
INTERACTION
BETWEEN
SILICA AND
SILICONE
POLYMERS
.
560
10.2.1
SURFACE
ENERGY
CHARACTERIZATION
BY
INVERSE
GAS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
.
560
10.2.2
BOUND
RUBBER
IN
SILICA-PDMS
SYSTEMS
.
562
10.3
CREPE
HARDENING
.
563
10.4
SILICA
SURFACE
MODIFICATION
.
564
XFFL
10.5
MORPHOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES
OF
SILICA
.
565
10.5.1
SURFACE
AREA
.
565
10.5.2
STRUCTURE
PROPERTIES
OF
SILICA
.
567
10.6
MIXING
AND
PROCESSING
OF
SILICONE
COMPOUNDS
.
568
10.7
SILICA
DISPERSION
IN
SILICONE
RUBBER
.
572
10.8
STATIC
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
.
573
10.8.1
TENSILE
MODULUS
.
573
10.8.2
TENSILE
STRENGTH
AND
ELONGATION
PROPERTIES
.
576
10.8.3
COMPRESSION
SET
.
576
10.9
DYNAMIC
MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
.
578
REFERENCES
.
580
INDEX
.
583
XIV |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Wang, Meng-Jiao Morris, Michael |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1241834598 (DE-588)1241834741 |
| author_facet | Wang, Meng-Jiao Morris, Michael |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Wang, Meng-Jiao |
| author_variant | m j w mjw m m mm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047424705 |
| classification_rvk | ZM 5300 |
| classification_tum | WER 670 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1264258257 (DE-599)DNB1219590231 |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Werkstoffwissenschaften Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Werkstoffwissenschaften Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV047424705 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T17:57:42Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:11:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1064064051 |
| isbn | 9781569907191 1569907196 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032827221 |
| oclc_num | 1264258257 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-210 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-12 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-210 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-12 DE-83 |
| physical | XIV, 589 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Hanser Publications |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Wang, Meng-Jiao Verfasser (DE-588)1241834598 aut Rubber reinforcement with particulate fillers Meng-Jiao Wang, Michael Morris Cincinnati, Ohio ; Munich Hanser Publications [2021] ©2021 XIV, 589 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Stoffeigenschaft (DE-588)4192147-1 gnd rswk-swf Synthesekautschuk (DE-588)4133407-3 gnd rswk-swf Kautschuk (DE-588)4030108-4 gnd rswk-swf Siliciumdioxid (DE-588)4077447-8 gnd rswk-swf Vulkanisat (DE-588)4324736-2 gnd rswk-swf Teilchen (DE-588)4059317-4 gnd rswk-swf Verstärkungswerkstoff (DE-588)4303769-0 gnd rswk-swf Elastomer (DE-588)4014162-7 gnd rswk-swf Ruß (DE-588)4178736-5 gnd rswk-swf Grafit (DE-588)4158067-9 gnd rswk-swf Füllstoff (DE-588)4155585-5 gnd rswk-swf Gummiindustrie (DE-588)4323287-5 gnd rswk-swf Gummi (DE-588)4022538-0 gnd rswk-swf FBKTKAUT: Elastomere und Kautschuk PLAS2021 Kautschuk (DE-588)4030108-4 s Gummi (DE-588)4022538-0 s Vulkanisat (DE-588)4324736-2 s Füllstoff (DE-588)4155585-5 s Verstärkungswerkstoff (DE-588)4303769-0 s Teilchen (DE-588)4059317-4 s Ruß (DE-588)4178736-5 s Grafit (DE-588)4158067-9 s Siliciumdioxid (DE-588)4077447-8 s DE-604 Elastomer (DE-588)4014162-7 s Gummiindustrie (DE-588)4323287-5 s Synthesekautschuk (DE-588)4133407-3 s Stoffeigenschaft (DE-588)4192147-1 s Morris, Michael Verfasser (DE-588)1241834741 aut Hanser Publications (DE-588)1064064051 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-56990-720-7 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032827221&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p vlb 20201014 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#vlb |
| spellingShingle | Wang, Meng-Jiao Morris, Michael Rubber reinforcement with particulate fillers Stoffeigenschaft (DE-588)4192147-1 gnd Synthesekautschuk (DE-588)4133407-3 gnd Kautschuk (DE-588)4030108-4 gnd Siliciumdioxid (DE-588)4077447-8 gnd Vulkanisat (DE-588)4324736-2 gnd Teilchen (DE-588)4059317-4 gnd Verstärkungswerkstoff (DE-588)4303769-0 gnd Elastomer (DE-588)4014162-7 gnd Ruß (DE-588)4178736-5 gnd Grafit (DE-588)4158067-9 gnd Füllstoff (DE-588)4155585-5 gnd Gummiindustrie (DE-588)4323287-5 gnd Gummi (DE-588)4022538-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4192147-1 (DE-588)4133407-3 (DE-588)4030108-4 (DE-588)4077447-8 (DE-588)4324736-2 (DE-588)4059317-4 (DE-588)4303769-0 (DE-588)4014162-7 (DE-588)4178736-5 (DE-588)4158067-9 (DE-588)4155585-5 (DE-588)4323287-5 (DE-588)4022538-0 |
| title | Rubber reinforcement with particulate fillers |
| title_auth | Rubber reinforcement with particulate fillers |
| title_exact_search | Rubber reinforcement with particulate fillers |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Rubber reinforcement with particulate fillers |
| title_full | Rubber reinforcement with particulate fillers Meng-Jiao Wang, Michael Morris |
| title_fullStr | Rubber reinforcement with particulate fillers Meng-Jiao Wang, Michael Morris |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rubber reinforcement with particulate fillers Meng-Jiao Wang, Michael Morris |
| title_short | Rubber reinforcement with particulate fillers |
| title_sort | rubber reinforcement with particulate fillers |
| topic | Stoffeigenschaft (DE-588)4192147-1 gnd Synthesekautschuk (DE-588)4133407-3 gnd Kautschuk (DE-588)4030108-4 gnd Siliciumdioxid (DE-588)4077447-8 gnd Vulkanisat (DE-588)4324736-2 gnd Teilchen (DE-588)4059317-4 gnd Verstärkungswerkstoff (DE-588)4303769-0 gnd Elastomer (DE-588)4014162-7 gnd Ruß (DE-588)4178736-5 gnd Grafit (DE-588)4158067-9 gnd Füllstoff (DE-588)4155585-5 gnd Gummiindustrie (DE-588)4323287-5 gnd Gummi (DE-588)4022538-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Stoffeigenschaft Synthesekautschuk Kautschuk Siliciumdioxid Vulkanisat Teilchen Verstärkungswerkstoff Elastomer Ruß Grafit Füllstoff Gummiindustrie Gummi |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032827221&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wangmengjiao rubberreinforcementwithparticulatefillers AT morrismichael rubberreinforcementwithparticulatefillers AT hanserpublications rubberreinforcementwithparticulatefillers |