Russia and the Dutch Republic, 1566-1725: a forgotten friendship
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents Foreword: Jordan E. Kurland (1928-2016) vii Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 Chronology 23 Maps 33 1 The Prehistory of Dutch-Russian Relations; the English Pioneers 35 2 Flemish Trailblazers 41 3 New States on Europe’s Fringe 51 4 De Vogelaer and Van Klenek 55 5 The Russian and Dutch Other 59 6 Diplomatic Ties 67 7 Isaac Massa 73 8 Business Opportunities 79 9 Guns and Grain 85 10 Medicine 91 11 Dutch Entrepreneurs 99 v
vi Contents 12 Pivot: Boreeľ s Embassy 103 13 Dutch Mercenaries in the Tsar’s Service 113 14 The Western Sloboda 121 15 The New Commercial Statute of 1667 127 16 Envoys 133 17 The Oryol 143 18 Becoming Russian? 147 19 Koenraad van Klenek’s Embassy 151 20 The Interregnum, 1676-1689 159 21 Peter the Great 169 22 Patrick Gordon and François Lefort 175 23 Russians in the Republic 181 24 A Final Blaze of Business: Lups and Brants 187 25 Cornells Cruys and the Russian Exchange Students 193 26 An Era Closes: The Eighteenth Century 197 Epilogue 201 Glossary 209 Bibliography 211 Index 229 About the Author 251
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Index Aansprekersoproer (1697), 108-109 Abbas I, the Great, shah of ban, 77 Aberdeenshire, 148 absolutism, 138 Academy of Sciences (Russia), 32, 171, 177, 195 Act of Abjuration (Plakkaat van Verlatinghe), 8 Ad(e)l(a)er, Kurt (Cort) Sivertsen, 193 Aeloude en Hedendaegsche Scheepsbouw (Witsen), 164, 167 Africa, 68, 104, 169 agriculture, 35, 86-87 alchemy, 91 alderman (schepen; judge), 57 Aleksei Alekseevich, tsarevich, 136 Aleksei Mikhailovich, tsar of Russia, 6, 18, 28-30, 69, 93, 95-96, 105-106, 110, 113-16, 125, 129-30, 135-40, 144, 156, 159, 161, 163, 183, 204205 Aleksei Petrovich, tsarevich, 61, 64 Alexander I, tsar of Russia, 3 Akema (Аскета, Akkema), Lus Tieleman, 91, 99, 101, 148 Aleppo, 79 Alexander Nevsky, Eastern Slavonic prince, 37 All Drunken Assembly (Peter the Great), 61, 162 Amburger, Erik, 2, 5-6, 14 American Association of University Professors (AAUP), ix, xi Americas, 39, 104, 149 Amirev, Ivan, 29 ammunition, 29, 48, 78, 113. See also gunpowder Amsterdam, 4, 8, 26, 29, 39, 41, 43, 46, 57, 59, 73-79, 83, 85-86, 89, 91, 96-97, 100-102, 106, 108-10, 122, 132, 138-39, 147, 152-56, 161-66, 169-70, 182, 187-90, 193-95, 203, 205-7 Amsterdam city council (vroedschap), 57, 70, 152, 169 Amsterdam notarial archives, 83, 140 anabaptism, 36, 91. See also Mennonites Anglo-Dutch Wars, 29-30, 104, 109 Anna Pavlovna, queen of the Netherlands, 3 Antwerp (Antwerpen), 8, 25-26, 39, 41-43, 46, 48, 106, 132, 206 apothecary, 82, 91-93, 95-97, 100, 124. See also Aptekarska prikaz Aptekarska prikaz, 82, 93, 95-96, 100 apprentices. See artisans Apraksin, Fyodor, 181 Architectura
Navališ (Witsen), 164, 167 229
230 Index Archive of Ancient Acts (Moscow; Astrakhan, 30, 101, 105, 116-17,143RGADA—Rossiiskii Gosudartsvennyi 44, 153, 205 Arkhiv Drevnikh Aktov—), vii-viii, 5 astrolabe, 95, 162 archives, vii-viii, xi, 5, 41, ПО, 139, astrology, 91 202. See also documents Atlantic Ocean, 104, 108, 189 Arctic Circle, 45, 85 Austria, 24, 31-32, 104, 157, 159, 181, Arctic Ocean (Sea), 160 207 Austrian Netherlands. See southern Areskine (Erskine), Robert, 177 Netherlands Arkhangelsk, 3, 9, 14, 15, 21, 24-29, Avvakum, 7, 184 41—46, 48-49, 55, 62, 68, 73-75, 77, 79-83, 85-88, 92-94, 96-97, 100, Azov, 31-32, 114-15, 149, 163, 176 109, 116, 118, 121, 124-25, 127-28, 130-31, 134, 137, 144, 152-53, 161- Bacheracht, David, 110, 118 Baibakov, Ivan, d’iak, 28, 135 62, 176-77, 187-90, 194, 198 Baklanovskii, Ivan, 76-77 armed forces. See army; cavalry; ballast, 41, 132 infantiy; military; navy ballistics, 162 Armenia, 73 Baltic peoples, 36-37 Armenians, 74, 79-80, 105, 156 Baltic Sea (and region), 8, 23, 27, Arminians, 76 36-37, 39, 41, 46-47, 60, 62-63, 68, arms dealers. See arms traders 74-75, 81, 85, 87-88, 152, 158, 164, arms export, 47-48, 86-89, 113, 117, 181, 185, 189-90, 193 129, 188 Bandar-e-Abbas, 79 arms manufacturing, 28, 47, 82, 89, 144 bankruptcy, 48, 56 arms trade, 10, 29, 40, 47—48, 57, 67, baptism, 80 69, 74-77, 82, 86-90, 102, 108, 129, Barbary corsairs, 169 135, 152, 182 barrels. See vats arms traders, 29, 57-58, 82, 108, 135, Bartolotti, Guillelmo (Willem van den 152, 182. See also arms trade Heuvel), 85, 89 army, 24, 28-31, 37, 76, 78, 95, 100, Barts, Matthijs, 187 114, 117, 124,
145, 154, 158, 170, Bas, Direk, 27, 75 177, 182, 202 Battle of the Downs (Duins), 28 army size, 76 Battle of Gangut (Hangö), 32, 117 art, 97, 189, 195. See also Bruin; Hals; Battle of the Ice (Lake Peipus), 37 Hooghe; Rembrandt; Schoonebeeck; of Narva (1700), 32 Battle Vermeer Battle of Poltava, 32 artisans, 10, 35-36, 61, 113, 122-25, Battle of Quatre-Bras, 3 130, 189 Battle of the Prnth, 32, 53 artillery, 143, 171. See also cannon Battle of Waterloo, 3 Artois, province of, 23-24 Becker, Bruno, 4, 13 Ashkenazi Jews, 4 Bek, A. Kh„ 2 Asia, 3, 25-26, 37, 39, 73, 79-80, 97, Belarussians, 37 104, 152-53, 160, 164 Asperen, Abraham van, interpreter, 153, Belgium, 4, 24, 202. See also southern Netherlands; Artois; Brabant; 158 Flanders; Hainault; Liège Assen, 202
Index Belkin Stevens, Carol, 6, 114 bell founders (casters), 114, 118 Belov, Mikhail Ivanovich, 4 Bengal, 206 Berezina, 201 Bering, Vitus, 194 Berlin, 110, 138 Berlin, Isaiah, 205 Bernard (s, Bemaerts/Bemart), Daniel, 57-58, 82-83, 90, 110, 169 Bemard(s, Bemaerts/Bemart), Jacques, 46, 48, 57-58 Bemard (s, Bemaerts/Bemart), Jan (Jean), 57-58, 82-83, 90, 110 Bezemer, Jan-Willem, xiii, 13-14, 203 Bible, 35, 62 Bicker, Jacob, 43 Bicker family, 43, 46, 110 Bidloo, Nicolaas, 95 Biels (Bijis) Jr, Valentijn, 94, 96-97 Biels (Bijis) Sr, Valentijn, 92, 94, 96-98 Bitter, de, Amsterdam trading family, 43 Bitter, Jan de, 46 Black Death (bubonic plague pandemic), 23, 37 Black Sea. See Azov; Crimean Tatars blacksmiths, 189 blast furnaces, 28 Bliumentrost, I. L., 177 Bobinin, Vasilii, d’iak, 136 Boekhoven, Comelis van, 28, 30, 144, 159, 175-76, 205 Boekhoven, Isaac van, 28, 115-16, 176 Boekhoven, Katerina van, 156, 175 Boekhoven, Philips Albrecht van, 28, 175-76 Boekhoven clan, 7, 28, 115-16,124, 148, 156, 175-77, 204 Boeck, Brian, 8 Boer, Leo de, 98 Bogáért, Comelis, 155 Bogoslovskii, Mikhail, 3 Bol, Ferdinand, 139 Bolsheviks, 202. See also Communists 231 bombardir (gunner), 1, 172 Bommel, Elias van, 91 book printing, 1, 8, 28, 36, 115, 163, 172, 187, 195 Boreel, Jacob Willemszoon, vii, ix, xi-xii, 9, 29, 69, 100-11, 113, 117, 121, 127-29, 132-35, 139, 152-54, 162-64, 169, 176, 204-205 Boreel, Willem, 108 Boris Godunov, Russian tsar, 92 Boss, Valentin, xiii Boston University, viii botik, 117, 165 boyars (Russian high nobles), 30, 51, 56, 69, 86, 158, 171, 181, 183 Brabant, duchy of, 8,
23-24, 26, 41, 46, 56,115 Brandenburg. See Prussia Brands, Maarten, xiii Brandt, Karsten, 1, 3, 30-31, 99, 117, 135, 143-45, 154, 160, 163-65, 170, 205 Brants, Christoffel, 106, 161-62, 18790, 201, 204 Brants, Enno, 187 Brants, Helena, 188 Braudel, Fernand, 6-7 Brazil, 60, 104 Brederode embassy. See Brederode Brederode, Reinout van, 27, 69, 75-76, 78, 108, 151 Breemburch, Quirijn, 94 Bremen, 102, 106, 152 Breukelen, 149 bribery. See corruption brick, 82, 123, 144 British civil wars, 28, 89, 108, 118 British-Russian landing in Holland (1799), 201 Brius, Iakov ViUminovich, 115, 177 broadsheets (broadsides), 60 Brooklyn, 149 Brown, Peter B., xiii, 8 Bmce, William, 115 Bmges (Brugge), 37, 39, 92
232 Bruin, Cornells de, 7, 19, 32, 60, 172, 188-89 Brunei, Olivier, 12, 25-26, 42-44 Brussels, 42 Buck, Piet de, 4, 14, 205 Bukhara, 25, 73 Bulavin rebellion, 32 bulk trade, 41, 47, 81, 88, 130 bullion, 41, 44, 47, 88, 137, 184 Buren, Martin van, 149 Burgh, Albert, 28, 69, 86, 97,133 Burgh, Coenraad, 28, 132-33, 204 Burgundian Circle (Burgundischer Kreis), 24, 35 Burgundian-Valois enmity, 103 Burgundy, duchy of, 23-24, 35, 37-40 Bushkovitch, Paul, 6, 16, 19, 166 business, 42, 46,48, 55-58, 68, 77, 7983, 85, 87, 99-100, 102, 110, 121, 123, 130-31, 147-48, 154, 156, 159, 161, 166, 187-91, 193. See also arms traders; entrepreneurship; merchants Butenant (von Rosenbusch), Heinrich (Andrei), 155 Butler, David, 5, 14, 101, 117, 135, 153, 145 Buturlin, Ivan, 181 Byzantine Empire, 23, 38, 154 Calvinism, 25-26, 36,41, 57, 79, 97-98, 106, 123-24, 147^18, 156, 175-76 Campense, Alberto (Albert Pigge), 39-40 Candían War, 103 Cannegieter, Koenraet, 155 cannon, 114, 119, 144, 163 Cape of Good Hope, 68, 104 capitalism, 10, 57, 99, 202 See also business; trade caravan route, 73 carbines, 113 Carlisle embassy, 106-107, 110, 139 cartels, 44. See also monopolies cartography, 26, 109, 160, 166-67 Index cash 10, 27, 41—42, 46,137. See also bullion Caspian Sea, 13, 25, 30, 74, 79-80, 87, 93, 105, 116-17, 119, 135, 143^14, 153, 160, 165 Castile. See Spain Cathay, 26. See also China Catherine I, empress of Russia, 31 Catholic Reformation (Counterreformation), 40, 68. See also Catholicism; Jesuits; Council of Trent Catholicism, 35, 38, 40, 63, 68, 92, 103, 115, 148, 156, 162,170, 175-76, 178 Cats,
Jacob, 56 Caucasus, 74, 143, 153, 157 cavalry, 115, 118, 163 caviar, 41, 89 Central Asia, 25, 73, 97, 164 Ceylon. See Sri Lanka Chaadaev, Pyotr, 178 chancellery script (skoropis’), 4 Chancellor, Richard, 25, 39 chargé֊ďaffaires, 73 Charlemagne, 40 Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, 24, 38,40 Charles I, king of England, 29, 88, 107-108, 118 Charles П, king of England, 106, 110, 118, 137, 139 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and king of Spain (as Carlos I), 35 Charles ХЛ, king of Sweden, 32 chartering (of merchant ships), 43, 96, 187 Chekhov, Anton, 206 Cherkasskii, Ivan Borisovich, 86 China, 18, 30, 104, 156, 160,164 Christianity, 23, 37, 63, 82, 96, 122, 125, 157. See also Anabaptism; Calvinism; Catholicism; Lutheranism; Mennonites; Russian Orthodoxy Christina, queen of Sweden, 135-36
Index Church Council of 1666-1667 (Russian Orthodox Church), 29, 105, 125 Chyhyryn, 30, 114, 159, 176 civil guard (schutters). See militia civilisation process (Norbert Elias), 61-62 Claesz(.), Comelis, 114 clans. See networks class conflict, 70 clergy (Catholic, Netherlands), 35 clergy (Russian Orthodox), 38, 51, 122, 170-71 climate, 45-46. See also weather Cloeck, Gillis, 155 cloth, 102. See also textiles Coehoom, Menno van, 10 coffins, 171 Cold War, ix, xi, 4, 203 Collins, Samuel, 129-30, 132 Cologne (Köln, Keulen), 30, 102 collective mindset, 53. See also Dutch national identity; nationalism Columbia University (New York), viii-ix Columbus (Christobal Colon, explorer), 38 commissary of naval matters (affairs; Amsterdam), 57 commoners, 153 communication networks, 36, 100. See also mail; post master Communism, ix, 14, 202-203, 206 Communistische Partij van Holland!Nederland (CPH/CPN). See Dutch Communist Party Communists (Soviet-Russian), ix, 14, 202-203, 206 Concert of Europe, 103, 108, 171 Congress of Vienna, 201 constable (gunner, artillerist), 143, 153-54, 172 Constantinople, 23, 38 consumer goods, 63 contracts, 49, 83, 92,114,153 convoying, 116, 131, 189-90 233 cooper, 187 Cooymans family, 108 Copenhagen, 29, 68, 110, 147 copper, 29, 100,145 Copper Riots (Moscow 1662), 29 corruption, 44, 56, 127, 164 corsairs, 131, 169 Cossacks, 15, 26, 29, 96, 116-17, 138, 143, 145 Council of Florence, 23, 38 Council of Trent, 40 Court, Pieter de la, 125 Coyett, Balthasar, 7, 19, 30, 60, 124, 153, 157, 205 Coyett, Julius, 82, 99, 153 Cracraft, James, 6, 16 credit, 10, 99 Crete. See
Candían War Crimean campaigns (1687 and 1689), 31, 160, 169-70 Crimean conflict (2014), 207 Crimean Tatars, 39, 69, 100, 137-38, 151, 159, 170. See also Tatars criminality, 59 Croiset van der Кор, A., 6, 12 crop cultivation. See agriculture crusades (in eastern Europe), 36-37 Cruys, Comelis (Niels Olufsen Creutz), 96, 177, 193-95 curiosity cabinets, 6, 172, 189, 195. See also Kunstkammer Dale, de la, family, 44, 58 Dam, Hendrik van, 89, 189 Danckaert, J.P., 60, 64, 78 Danes. See Denmark Danzig (Gdansk), 41 Dartmouth College, 8 Davies, Brian, 6, 114 Day of Judgment, 94 Dėdinovo, 29-30, 116 Delden, 161 Delft, 26 Demkin, A. V., 6, 121, 124 demography. See population
234 Denmark, 18, 29, 62, 68-69, 76, 103, 121, 125, 138, 151, 159, 193-94 dentistry, 171 Deventer, 23, 37, 118 d’iak (secretary, clerk), 28, 67, 86, 107, 110, 135-36, 140, 144, 158, 165, 169, 172, 181 diaries, 4, 7, 9, 109,148, 175-76, 178, 189, 205 diets, 121 Diggs, Dudley, 77 Dillenburg, 57 diplomacy, 10-11, 24, 44, 67-71, 74-76, 78, 81, 86, 88, 102, 107-108, 129-31, 134-41, 153-54, 158, 16063, 166, 170, 181-82, 184, 189 Directorate of Muscovite Trade, 131, 189 disease, 45, 96, 115. See also Black Death; epidemics dissection, 171 dissidents (Soviet), 203 Dixon, Simon, 8 Dmitrii, First False. See First False Dmitrii doctors. See medical doctors documents (archival, ego-documents) 2, 5, 7, 11, 15, 18, 83, 121, 125, 153, 157, 164, 176, 183-84, 190 Dokhturov, Gerasim, 110, 140, 144 Dokkum, 86, 90 Donbas, 194 Dordt (Dordrecht), Synod of, 76, 152 Dostoyevsky, F.M., 184, 206 Drie aanmerkelijke en rampspoedige Reysen (Struys), 96, 144 Driessen(-van het Reve), Jozien, 6, 63, 165, 171, 195 drill, 28, 115, 204 dumnyi d’iak, 158, 165, 169, 181 Dumschat, Sabine, 95-96 Dunning, Chester, xiii, 8 Dutch Communist Party (CPH, CPN), 202-203, 206 Index Dutch decline, 9, 47, 104, 173, 178, 184, 197-98 Dutch diplomacy. See Brederode; Bas; Boreel; Burgh; diplomacy; Heins(ius); Joachimi; Keller; Klenek; Massa; Veltdriel; Witsen Dutch East India Company. See VOC Dutch economic boom, 9, 26-27, 39, 41-48, 55-56, 124 Dutch education minister, 12 Dutch government. See Estates-General Dutch (economic) hegemony, 77 Dutch language as lingua franca, 6, 62, 164,185 Dutch national identity, 35-36, 102, 106,
148,155-56. See also Klenek; loyalty; Massa; Sweeden; Winius Dutch Primacy in World Trade (Israel), 198 Dutch Revolt, 25-26. See also Eighty Years’ War Dutch shipping, 1,10, 26-27, 68, 85, 88, 102, 139, 188-90,197-98 Dutch trade, volume and value of, 4, 13, 41,47, 56, 81, 88,128, 139, 198, 205 Dvina (northern), 25-26, 39,41-44, 49. See also Arkhangelsk dvor’ianin, 67, 107 dyslexia, 172 Dzungaria, 206 Eagle (Oryol), 29-30, 116-18, 125, 140, 143-45, 153-54, 165, 205 East Asia, 3, 39, 73, 104, 160 Eastern European studies, 4-5, 8, 203 Eastland Trade. See mother trade economic crisis, 45 economic growth, 9,46 Edict of Fontainebleau, 31, 156, 162 Edict of Nantes, 26 education, 21, 36, 91-93, 95, 115, 117, 130, 139, 161, 171-72, 183, 187, 194-95, 203, 206
Index Eekman, Thomas, З ego-documents. See Avvakum; documents; Gordon; Tolstoi; Witsen Eighty Years’ War, 8, 9, 88, 133 Eisenstein, Sergei, 37 embassies (purpose of), 3, 9-10, 20, 27-31, 60, 69-70, 74-78, 85-87, 93, 95, 101, 103-105, 108-10, 117, 121-22, 131, 133, 135, 139, 151-55, 157-58, 161, 163-64, 170, 174, 177, 181-84, 188, 194, 204-205, 207. See also diplomacy Emden, 106 émigres (Russian), 4, 202 Elias, Norbert, 61-62 Elizabeth I, queen of England, 91, 96 Elsevier pubhshers, 60 emigration, 46, 202 England, 3,4, 10, 13, 25-26, 28-30, 39, 41-45, 48-50, 52, 58, 60, 62, 67, 69, 75, 77-79, 86, 88, 91-92, 103-104, 106-10, 118, 121, 124, 129, 132, 134-35, 137-38, 154, 157, 170, 172-73, 181-84 English (people). See England Enkhuizen, 20, 26, 93 entrepreneurs, 6, 25-27, 29,41^12, 56, 89, 99-102, 116, 118, 130, 144, 147-8, 155, 160, 163 environment. See climate epidemics, 96. See also Black Death; disease Epiphany, 188 Erskine. See Areskine Esper, Thomas, 8 espionage, 81, 154, 163 Estates-General (Burgundian), 23 Estates-General (northern Dutch), 28, 44, 56, 61, 67-68, 70-71, 73-76, 78, 81, 83, 85-87, 90, 93, 101-102, 107-10, 118, 128, 135, 138, 143, 147, 157, 161-62, 169-70, 174, 185, 188, 205 Estonia, 75 etching, 152, 163, 171, 195 235 Eternal Peace (between Poland and Russia, 1686), 31 ethics, 56, 124 Eurasia, 164 European Union, 203 Eylof, Johan, 42-43, 63, 91, 96, 148 Eylof, Joris, 96 Fabricius (Faber), Ludvig (Ludwig/ Lodewijk), 5, 14-15, 80, 117, 143֊ 44, 154, 205 factors (agents), 25, 47, 100, 109, 124, 132, 161-62 factory (factorij!station), 26 Falck, Hans, 114, 118
famine, 45 Fankerin, Ivan, 155 Far’ium, Ivan (Jan van Ruim?), 155 favourites, 177-78 Fentzel (Fentsel/Fenzel), Hendrick, 48-50 Fentzel, Herman, 50 Filaret (Fyodor Nikitich Romanov), Russian patriarch, 27, 77, 89, 127 financiers, 46, 123, 169, 187-88 Finland, 198 Finnish Gulf, 194 firearms, 28-29, 115. See also artillery; cannon; muskets fireworks, 182 First False Dmitrii (Lzhedmitrii), 27 First World War, 3 fishing, 35, 39, 41, 78 flag, 1, 10 Flanders, 8, 20-21, 23-26, 26, 41-50, 135 Fletcher, Giles, 45, 60 Florence, 23, 38, 158 Floria, B. N., 6 fortification, 114,171 fortress builders, 114 France, 9-10, 26-27, 30-32, 38, 69, 75, 86 Franche-Comté (Free County of Burgundy), 40
236 Franco-Dutch War (French-Dutch War, 1672-1678), 9, ЗО, 51, 116, 137-38, 152-53 Frederick (Friedrich, ship), 118-19 Frederick I, king of Prussia (previously, Frederick Ш of BrandenburgPrussia), 152 Frederick Henry (Frederik Hendrik, van Oranje-Nassau, de Stedendwinger), 27 Frederick William of Hohenzollern, the Great Elector, 104 free trade, 73 French Revolution, 197, 201 Friedrich Ш, Duke of Holstein-Gottorf, 93 Friesland (Frisia, province), 12, 23, 29, 67, 86, 89-91, 94, 96, 106-107, 157, 164-65, 187 Frisian (language), 35 Frost, Robert (historian), 6, 114 Frosten, Jakob van, 116 Fuhrmann, Joseph, 6, 99 furs, 27, 94, 130, 132, 137 Fyodor (Fedor) I, tsar of Muscovy, 26, 45, 92 Fyodor (Fedor) Ш, tsar of Muscovy, 30, 69, 156-57, 159, 163, 183 galan(t)skaia kniga (“Holland Book”), 62-63, 121 Galen, Bernhard von, bishop of Münster, 30 galley ships, 144 gangrene, 94 gardens, 93, 95, 123, 188, 195, 207 Gecommitteerden voor de Oostersche Handel, 189 Geer, Louis (Louys) de, 89 Gein, Boris, 155 Gelderland. See Guelders gemstones, 82, 88, 125, 145 gender. See women generals (army), 176-77, 181. See also Gordon Index Geneva (Genève), 116, 175, 177-78 Gentlemen Seventeen (Heeren XVII՛, VOC directors), 57, 164 geography. See Arctic Sea; Atlantic; Caspian Sea; Caucasus; climate; Dvina; North Sea; Urals; Volga; weather Georgians, 202 Gerdin, Zakharei, 155 German language, 5-6, 28, 35, 60, 97, 110, 121, 152, 164, 177 German occupation of Netherlands (1940-1945), 202 German suburb. See nemetskaia sloboda Germanic languages, 62, 121, 152. See as well Danish; Dutch; English; Frisian;
German; Swedish Germany, 2, 37, 46, 57, 92,102-104, 106, 115-16, 118, 124-25, 152, 155, 172, 187, 189. See also Bremen; Emden; Hamburg; Holstein; Holy Roman Empire Gerritsz(oon), Hessel, 59, 64 Ghent (Gent), 24 Gheyn, Jakob de, 28,115 Glasnost’, 203 glass blowing, 82, 99, 153 Glinka, Mikhail, 178 Glissenberch, Zacharias, 42, 49, 56, 63, 115, 125 Glorious Revolution, 31, 148, 170 Glückstadt, 31, 118 Goeteeris, Anthonis, 7, 60 Gogoľ, Nikolai, 206 gold, 100, 125, 145 Golden Age (Dutch), 162 Golden Horde. See Kipchaq khanate Golitsyn, Boris, 181 Golitsyn, Vasily V., 30, 159, 169-70 Golosov, Luk’ian, 140, 144 Golovin, Fyodor, 181, 195 Golovin, Russian diplomat (1650s), 29 Gomarists, 76 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 203
Index Gordon, Patrick, 7, 19, 31, 45, 63, 116, 125, 139, 148, 155-56, 163, 175-79, 181 Gordon, William, 63 gost’ (merchant of highest rank), 81 gostinnyi dvor’ (merchants’ warehouse), 144 government. See state Graaf Floris, ship, 187 grain, 39, 41, 81, 85-89, 130 grain shipping, 39, 41, 46, 47, 68, 81, 85-89, 130, 161, 188 Grand Embassy (of Peter the Great), 3, 10, 31, 69, 95-96, 117, 141, 157-58, 163-64, 170, 174, 177, 181, 183-84, 188, 194 Grande Armée, 201 Great Britain. See British Civil Wars; England; Scotland Great Northern War, 8, 32, 160, 177, 179, 188 Great Powers, 1, 9-10, 52-53, 70, 88, 103, 105, 124, 135, 137, 164, 17173, 177, 184, 201, 204-206 grenadiers, 174 Griffier. See Recorder Grodno, 32 Groningen (province), 4, 67, 107 Groningen University, 15 Guasconi, Francesco, 155, 158, 176-78 Guelders (province), 28, 32 guilds, 36 gunpowder, 78 gunsmiths, 82 Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, 27, 75, 83, 118 Gutenberg Bible, 35 Haarlem, 73, 149, 166, 207 Habsburgs, 24, 31, 35, 38-39, 49, 88, 103-104, 151, 156 Haga, Comelis, 162 Hague, The (’s-Gravenhage), viii, 10, 30, 44, 56, 61, 67, 69-70, 74-77, 237 89, 107-109, 133, 136-39, 141, 162, 166, 174, 182-83, 202 Hague Peace Conferences, 202 Hainault (Henegouwen, province), 23-4 Hakluyt, Richard, 36 Hals, Frans, 104 Hamburg, 67, 102, 106, 109,147, 152, 155 Harney, Boudewijn (Beaudoin/ Baldwin), 92-93, 165 Hamilton, Andrew, 95 Hanseatic League, 8, 23, 37, 39, 118 Harlem, 149 Harlingen, 26, 90 Hart, Simon, 4 Hartman, Daniël, 100-102, 155 harvest failures, 45, 81 Hasenius, Pieter, 155 Hassen (Haasen/Hasenius), Hendrick,
92-93, 97 healthcare, 94, 100, 163 Hebdon, John, jr, 45 Hebdon, John, sr, 29, 45, 132, 135, 139, 183 Hebdon, Thomas, 45 Heeren XVII. See Gentlemen Seventeen. Heins(ius), Daniël, 135 Heins(ius), Nicolaas, 62, 69, 71, 100, 135-37, 140, 143, 145, 151, 153-54, 161, 205 Hellevoetsluis, 138 Hellie, Richard, 6, 113-14 hemp, 45, 88, 130, 137 Hennings, Jan, 71, 162 Henri IV, king of France, 26-27 Herberstein, Sigismund von, 24, 60, 65 herb garden (of Russian apothecary), 93, 95 Herckmans, Elias, 59-60 heretics, 63, 80, 94, 122, 124, 154-55 heresy. See heretics Hertogenbosch, ’s-, 118 Hessel Gerritsz. See Gerritsz(oon), Hessel
238 Index Heumius, Johannes, 92-93 Heuvel, Willem van den. See Bartolotti hides (leather, of domesticated cattle), 27, 41, 44, 130 historical materialism, 5. See also Communism; Marxism historiography, 1-21, 41, 89, 145, 198-99, 204 Historisch Verhael (Coyett), 157 Hitler, Adolf, 202 Hoefnagel, Jacques, 42 Holland (province), xi, 1, 8, 10, 21, 23, 26-31, 41-43, 47, 56, 62, 70, 76-77, 85, 92, 94, 101, 103, 106, 121, 157, 164, 172-73, 176-77, 181, 183, 187, 194, 201, 204 Holstein Embassies, 28, 80, 93, 116, 118 Holy League, 159, 184 Holy Roman Empire, 24, 35, 38, 57, 67, 69, 81, 102-104, 106, 114-16, 138, 159, 184 Hooghe, Romeyn de, 152, 157, 163 Hoorn, 26 horses, 115, 153, 157 Horsey, Jerome, 42, 50 Hortus Botanicus, of Leyden University, 93 hospitals, 95 Houtman, Adolf, 55, 57, 155-56, 16061, 166 Houtman (Jan or Isaac), 155 Hudson, Henry, 46 Hughes, Lyndsey, 6, 16 Huguenots (French Calvinists), 26, 31 Hulst, Nicolaas van der, 173 Hulst, Zacharias (Amoldus/Amoud) van der, 93, 95-98, 164 humanism, 38-39, 135 Hundred Years’ War, 37 laik (Ural) river, 160 Iaroslavľ, 81 Ides, Everhard IJsbrandt, 18, 30, 164 illiteracy, 62, 154 immigration, 36, 56, 106, 148-49, 154, 187, 193-95, 197 import substitution, 47, 117,130 India, 24 industrialisation, 124,197 industrious revolution (Jan de Vries), 124, 164 industry, 6, 60, 89, 99, 124, 130 infantry, 115, 163 information, 6-7, 57, 59, 61-63, 81, 100, 147, 154-55, 171 Inner Asia. See Central Asia insurance, 56 intelligence (strategic information). See information International Court of Justice, 202 International Institute of Social
History, 202 ban (Persia), 25, 28, 73-74, 77-80, 87, 93, 95, 104-105, 116, 145, 152, 156, 189 Ireland, 121 iron, 82, 87, 99-100, 144, 155 Iron Curtain, 203 Israel, Jonathan, 198 Istanbul, 69, 162 Italy, 46. See also Venice Ivan III, the Great, grand-duke of Muscovy, 24, 38 Ivan IV, the Terrible, tsar of Muscovy, 9, 24-26, 39, 42^13, 48, 56, 91, 96, 105, 115, 118, 125 Ivan V, tsar of Muscovy, 30-31, 94, 143, 159, 163, 169 iuft (juchtleer, type of leather), 27, 44, 130 Iur’ev, Efim, 140, 144 Izmir (Smyrna), 79 Jacobites. See James П; Stuart Dynasty Jagiellonian dynasty, 52 James П, king of England and Scotland, 31, 148, 156, 162, 170 Jan ІП Sobieski, King of PolandLithuania, 151
Index Japan, 104 Jenkinson, Anthony, 25, 80 Jesuits, 162 jewels, 41, 44 Joachimi, Albert, 27, 69, 75, 78 John the Fearless (Jean Sanspeur), Burgundian duke, 38 Kalmyk khanate, 206 Kama, 100 Kamchatka, 32 Kamenets-Podol’skii, 137 Kampen, 23, 26, 37, 39, 118 Karakalpakstan, 26 Karakorum, 23, 36 Kashcheev, Ab(v)ram, 107 katorga (pl. katorg/), 144 Kazan, 194 Keizersgracht, 161 Keller, Johan Willem van, baron (domheer van Utrecht), 7, 19, 61-63, 69, 133-34, 143, 153, 157-58, 160֊ 62, 164, 170, 173, 179, 205 Kell(d)erman, Thomas, 137 Kenkei’, Andrei (Hendrik Kenkei?), 155 Keenan, Edward, 8, 20 Kholmogory, 25-26, 43, 55 Khodarkovsky, Mikhail, 8 Kinsbergen, Jan Hendrik van, admiral, 1,201 Kintsius, Abraham, 161 Kipchaq khanate, 23-24, 37 Kivelson, Valerie, 8 Klenek (Clenk, Clenck, Klenk), van, family, 124, 152 Klenck-Fentzel, Geertruida van, 50 Klenek, Jurriaan (George) van, 26, 45, 47, 50, 55-59, 80-82, 85, 89-91, 102, 124, 162 Klenek (Clenk, Clenck, Klenk), Koenraad (Coenraet) van, 28, 30, 44-45, 60, 69-70, 100, 129, 133-35, 140, 151-62, 166, 169, 176, 193, 204-205 Kliuchevskii, V.O., 1, 3 239 Kluyting, Cornells, 28 kniaz, 24, 38, 158, 172 Knoppers, Jake, 13-14, 197-99 Kola peninsula, 25, 42-43, 49, 55,190, 206 Kondyrev, Ivan, 74—75 Kordt, Veniamin, 2, 5, 21, 44, 49, 55, 87 Kotilaine, Jarmo, 5-6, 13, 16, 88, 130, 160, 198, 204 Kotoshikhin, G. F., 7 Kovrigina, V. A., 6 Kozlovskii, I. P., 2 Krawinckel, Jo(h)annes, 175 Kreslins, Janis, 6, 62 Krizhanich, Juraj, 7 Kronshtadt, 194 Kuhlmann, Quirinius, 31, 94, 98, 155 Kunstkammer, 195 Kurakin, Boris I., 172, 177, 181, 183-84 kuranty,
62, 81, 100, 166, 204. See also newspapers Kurland, Jordan, v-xiii, 1, 2, 5, 8-9, 108, 110, 125, 198, 204-205 Kyiv (Kiev), 5, 29, 31, 160, 177 Kyiv University, 5 labour, 46, 144, 202 Lahana, Martha Luby, 6, 122-23, 131, 197 Lake Peipus, 37 Lannoy, Gilbert de, 23, 36-38 Latin, 24, 35-36, 59-60, 65, 135 Latvians, 36 law, ix, 29, 56, 80, 106, 123-24, 127 leather. See hides; iufti Lefort, François, 7, 31, 94, 116, 148, 163, 174-79, 181 Lenin (Ul’ianov), Vladimir Il’ich, 202 Leningrad. See Saint Petersburg Leont’ev (Leontiev), Konstantin, ix Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, 104, 138, 184 Leslie, Alexander, 89-90, 189 Levant, 79
240 Index Leyden (Leiden), vii, 4, 12, 60, 92-93, 97-98, 132, 135 Leyden University, 4, 12, 92-93, 97-98, 132, 135 Liège, prince-archbishopric, 35 lingua franca, 164,185 Linschoten, Jan Huyghen van, 93 literacy, 62, 154. See also education; illiteracy Lithuanians, 36, 47-48, 51, 55. See also Polish-Lithuanians Little Ice Age (c. 1550-1750), 45 Livonia, 25, 45, 114 Livonian Guard (of Ivan IV), 42 Livonian Wars, 25, 45, 114 Locher, Th. J. G., 4, 165, 189, 205 London, 29, 31, 57, 92, 157, 167, 170, 182, 202 Longworth, Philip, xiii, 6 Lopukhina sisters, 183 Lotharius, Holy Roman Emperor, 40 Louis IX, king of France, 23 Louis XIV, king of France, 9, 28, 3031, 69, 96, 103, 105, 108, 137-38, 156, 169-70, 176 Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau, 152 Loviagin, A. M., 2 loyalty, 57, 74, 81, 89, 109, 147^18, 175. See also Dutch national identity; Russian national identity Lübeck, 48, 109, 118 Lubimenko, Inna, 3, 11, 110 lumber, 41, 88 Lups, Jacob, 188 Lups, Jan, 161, 187-90, 201 Lus, Sion, 26 Lutheranism, 148, 187 Madrid, 151, 156 magic, 94 Maier, Ingrid, 6 mail, 63, 137-39, 145, 155. See also postmaster Maire, Isaac le, 26, 42, 46 Maliebaan, 161 malnutrition, 45 Malov, V. M., 114 manufacturing, 10, 28, 36, 41, 47, 82, 89, 99-101, 124, 130, 144, 147, 171, 204 maps. See cartography market, 46, 60, 81, 94, 109,129 Marselis, family, 27, 89-90,102, 106, 147 Marselis, Gabriel, 27,147 Marselis, Gabriel Gabriëlszoon, 27, 147, 193-94 Marselis, Leonard Gabriëlszoon, 27, 147 Marselis, Peter Gabriëlszoon, 27, 29, 57, 80, 82, 97, 99, 101-102, 106, 110, 116, 124, 134, 137,144-45, 147, 149, 155, 179,
193-94, 204 Marselis, Peter Peterszoon, 145 Marselis, Selio (Celio) Gabriëlszoon, 27, 147 Mary (the Rich), duchess of Burgundy, 24 Mary (II) Stuart, queen of England, Scotland and Ireland, 31 mass, 35 Massa, Isaac Abrahamszoon, 7, 19, 45, 56-57, 59, 63-64, 68, 73-79, 81-83, 85, 89, 91, 93 mathematics, 162 Matveev, Andrei Artamonovich, 133, 183-84 Matveev, Artamon Sergeevich, 30, 56, 158, 183 Maurice (Maurits, van Oranje-Nassau), stadtholder, 26, 28, 67, 73-74, 93 Maximilian, archduke of Austria, 24, 35,40 McGill University, 197 medical doctors, 10, 42,45, 63, 82, 91-98,100, 124, 129, 135, 145, 160, 177. See also surgeons medicine, 1, 61, 91-98, 171,177 Mediterranean Sea, 39, 51, 62
Index Mennonites (doopsgezinden), ЗО, 89, 95, 148 Menshikov, Aleksandr, 177-78 Menzies (Menezius), Paul, 45, 137-38, 148, 178 mercantilism, 128, 147. See also import substitution; New Commercial Code; tariffs Mercator (Gerhard Kramer), 25 mercenaries, 1, 6, 10, 28, 45, 82, 87, 89, 95, 113-19, 122-25, 138, 144-45, 148, 175-78, 197 merchant ships, 43, 46, 88, 116, 130, 171, 189, 193 merchants (Dutch), passim merchants (English), 3, 12-13, 25-26, 39, 42, 45, 48, 50, 57, 77, 83, 127, 135, 160, 167. See also Muscovy Company merchants (Russian), 21, 24-25, 44, 80-81, 83, 127-28, 137 Merrick, John, 45, 50, 75, 78 Meulen, R. van der, 6 Meyer, De, Dutch merchant, 25 Middle Ages, 13, 36-37 migration. See emigrés; immigration Mikado (Japanese emperor), 104 Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov, tsar of Russia, 27,48, 55, 67-68, 70, 74, 76-77, 85, 87-89, 92-94, 96, 116, 127, 153 Mikhailov, Pyotr (Tsar Peter I), 181 military engineers, 118. See also fortifications; sieges military exercises, 28, 52 military expertise, 69, 113-15, 123, 135, 144, 148, 163 military hospitals, 95 military innovation, 6, 113-16, 151, 171-72, 176 Military Revolution, 6-7, 114-16 military theory, 28 militia (schutters), 42 Miloslavskaia, Mania, tsarina of Muscovy, 29-30 241 Miloslavskaia, Sofiia, regent of Muscovy, 30-31, 159-60, 163, 169-70 Miloslavskii, Iľia Danilovich, 28, 69, 115, 133, 135, 141, 176, 182 mining, 99, 100, 145, 155, 163 Modem World System (Immanuel Wallerstein), 6, 7 modernisation, 6-7, 113-14, 116, 124, 145, 149, 163-64, 171-72, 176, 182, 194, 197, 206 Moedernegotie. See mother trade Moguls
(Mughals), 104 Monahan, Erika, 7 money (need for, cash), 5, 59, 61, 92, 94, 100, 102, 131, 140, 147-48, 154, 169, 189, 197 Mongolians (Tatars), 23-24, 36-38 monopolies, 25, 27, 44, 81, 86-87, 89, 131, 165 morality. See ethics morskoi ustav (Zeevaartreglement), 1, 117 Moscow, vii, xi, 2, 5, 7, 10, 21, 23-25, 27-31, 38-39, 42, 44-45, 51, 55, 57, 59, 62-64, 67-71, 74-82, 86-87, 89, 91-98, 105-11, 114-15,117, 121-25, 127-29, 133-37, 139, 143^14, 14749, 152-55, 158-62, 164-65, 170, 175-77, 181, 183, 188-90, 204, 206 Moscow riots (of 1648), 29, 133 Moscow riots (of 1682), 30 Mosely, Philip E., ix moskovskie inozemtsy, 80, 82, 122 mother trade (moedernegotie), 8, 14, 21,68 Moucheron, Balthasar de, 25-26, 42-44, 46, 48 Moucheron, Cos(i)mo de, 82, 114 Moucheron, Maria de, 101 Moucheron, Melchior de, 25-26, 44 Moucheron, de, family, 25-26, 44, 101-102 Moulin, Karel (Cari) du, 55-57, 73, 81-82, 90, 98, 102, 114, 124, 204
242 Muliukin, A.S., 2 Muller, Werner, 155 Miinster, 29-30, 88, 118, 133 Muscovy Company (English), 3, 12-13, 25-26, 39, 41-45, 49, 57-58, 67-68, 83, 166-67 musketeers. See streľtsy muskets, 113, 188 Muslims, 148^49 musea, 195, 207 Musch, Cornells, 56 mutinies, 41, 202 Naarden, Bruno, xiii, 6, 101-102 Napoléon I, Emperor of the French, 1, 3, 205 narod, 179 Narva, 8, 9, 25-26, 30, 41^44, 48, 63, 78, 86, 118, 189 Naryshkin family, 183 Naryshkina, Natal’ia, 30 Nassau, Imperial county, 56-57 nationalism, 172. See also loyalty; Dutch national identity; Russian national identity natural environment, 45. See also climate naval stores, 27, 130, 187. See also tar; wood naval warfare, 101, 105, 116-17, 193-94 navy, 101, 105, 116-17, 164, 177, 193-94 Nazis, 202-203 nemets (pi. nemtsy), 62, 121-22 nemetskaia sloboda (foreigners’ or German suburb near Moscow), 29, 62, 121-26, 145, 154 nepotism, 56. See also networks; patronage Netherlands, Kingdom of, vii, 3-6, 201-202 network (communication), 35-36 networks (social), 7, 43, 46, 56-57, 97, 116, 131, 147, 155-56, 162, 166, 175-77, 204 index Neverov, Mikhail, 74-75 New Commercial Statute (Novotorgovyi Ustav, 1667), 9, 29, 105, 127-32, 134, 136, 144 New York (city), ix, xi, 104, 149, 202 newspapers, 7, 10, 63, 82, 139, 144, 154, 202. See also kuranty Nicholas I, Russian tsar, 201 Nicholas II, Russian tsar, 202 Nieuwe Vestingbouw (Coehoom), 114 Nijinsky, Vaclav, 206 Nikitin, Afanasii, 24 Nikon (Nikita Minin), Russian patriarch, 9, 29, 101, 105, 122, 125 Nine Years’ War (War of the League of Augsburg, 1688-1697), 31, 131, 157, 184 nobility,
28, 32, 35-6, 61-62, 70, 75, 83, 86, 94, 107, 115, 129, 134, 143, 152-53, 161-62, 170, 183, 189 Noordsche Compagnie, 27 Noort, Olivier van, 46 Nordermann, Konrad, 94, 155 North America, 149 North Cape, 39, 190 North and East Tartary (Witsen), 31, 60, 109, 160, 164, 206 north-east passage, 3, 25, 39, 43 North Sea, 63, 68, 106-107, 115, 129, 152, 157, 164, 193 northern searoute (to Indies). See north east passage Norway, 26, 193. See also Denmark notaries, 83, 139, 153 Novgorod, 8, 23-24, 37-39, 43^14, 62-63, 118, 133 Nijmegen, 30, 156, 178 Oblomov (Goncharov), 124, 126 officers (army, navy), 28, 45, 82, 88, 95, 113, 115-16, 123-24, 129, 143, 148, 154, 176-77, 193-94, 197 Oka, 29, 116 Old Believers (staroobriadtsy), 29 Oldebamevelt, Johan van, 76
Index Olearius (Öhlschlager), Adam, 28, 60, 65, 93, 109, 116 oligarchy, 108 operation theatres, 6 oprichnina, 43 Orange, principality, 156 Orange-Nassau dynasty, 3, 26, 28-29, 56, 67, 70, 104, 107, 152, 170, 201-202 Ordin-Nashchokin, Afanasii, 107, 137, 140, 144, 183, 185 Ordin-Nashchokin, (Nashchokin), Bogdan, 29, 107, 109-10, 133 Orienko, S. P., 6 Orthodoxy (Russian), 25, 37-38, 63, 80-82, 105, 122, 124, 148-49, 154, 163, 165, 172 Oryol. See Eagle Os, Direk van, 26, 43, 46 Ottoman Empire, 1, 23-24, 29-31, 38, 52-53, 69, 73, 86, 100, 103-104, 117, 137-38, 141, 148-19, 151, 157, 159-60, 169-71, 173, 176, 181, 184 Overijssel, 28, 31, 118, 161 Pacific, 9, 160 pacifism, 89, 202 Paludanus (ten Broecke), Bernhard (Berent), 93, 98 Paludanus, Hiob (Job), 92-93, 96-97 paper, 101, 171, 189 Parker, Geoffrey, 7 Parliament (English), 110, 167 Parma, Duke of (Alexander Farnese), 43 patriarch of Constantinople, 38 patriciate (Dutch). See regents patronage, 56, 162. See also networks Paul, Michael, 114 Paulsen, Zakhar (Arendt), 99, 102 Pauw, Reinier, 73-74, 97 Pauw, Reinier Rooclaes, 92-93, 96-97 Pavlov, Elisei, translator, 93 Pavlova, Anna, 206 Pax Mongolica, 37 Peace of Münster, 29, 88, 118,133 243 Peace of Nijmegen, 30, 156 Peace of Utrecht, 9, 32, 105, 183 Peace of Westphalia. See Peace of Münster peasants, 37, 45-46 peers, 107 Pekarskii, P., 1 Perestroika, 203 Persian Gulf, 189 Peter I (Alekseevich) the Great, tsar of Russia, xi, 1, 3, 5-6, 9-10, 14-15, 26, 30-32, 52-53, 63, 69, 88, 91, 94-99, 102, 106, 109, 114, 116-17, 121-24, 130-31, 139, 143-45, 149, 152, 155-99, 204-206 Peters,
Marion, xiii, 6 pharmacists. See apothecary Philip II, king of Spain (as Philip V, Duke of Burgundy), 25, 70 Philip III (the Good), duke of Burgundy, 23, 36, 38, 40 Philip IV (the Fair), duke of Burgundy, 24 Phillips, E. J., 6, 114 Phipps, Geraldine, 6 photographs, vii physicians. See medical doctors; surgeons pistols, 113 Plakkaat van Verlatinghe. See Act of Abjuration Platonov, S. F., 2 play regiments. See poteshnye voiska/polki Plokhy, Serhii, 40 plunder, 48, 50, 109 Poe, Marshall, 16 poison, 91 Poland-Lithuania, 7, 9, 23, 25, 27-30, 37-39, 46-48, 51-52, 55, 68, 74, 76-77, 85, 87-89, 93, 100, 103, 105, 107-108, 114-16, 125, 135, 137-38, 140, 151, 159-60, 170, 175 Polish-Lithuanians. See PolandLithuania
244 Index Polivanov, Russian diplomat, 29 Polovtsov, Aleksandr, 2 Pomerania, 188 pontonniers, 201 poorter (tax-paying citizen of Dutch city), 187 pope (Catholic pontiff), 76, 159 Poppen, Amsterdam trading family, 46 population (general, mass), 23-24, 29, 35-36, 45, 53, 70, 96, 122 Porter, Roy, 95 Portugal, 104 posoľskii prikaz (Russian foreign office), 7, 74, 97, 138, 144, 172, 183 Posselt, Moritz, 118, 124, 174 postal service. See mail; postmaster postmaster (-general), 63, 101, 137, 158, 163, 166 potash, 27, 41, 45, 88, 130, 137, 188 poteshnye voiska/polki (Peter I’s play regiments), 171-72, 174, 176 Potop (“deluge”), 104 poverty, 70 Prague, 76 Pravda, 202 Premier League (Russian soccer), 203 printing, 1, 7-8, 10, 19, 28, 35-36, 38,49, 59-61,73, 82, 109, 115, 136, 163, 166, 172, 187, 189, 195, 205-206 Prokofiev, Sergei, 206 propaganda, 171 prospecting, 100, 145, 155, 163 protectionism. See mercantilism Protestants, 1, 63, 68, 92, 123-25, 162, 170. See also Anglicanism; Anabaptists; Calvinists; Lutherans; Mennonites Prozorovskii, Pyotr, 107 Prozorovskii Embassy, 106-107 Prussia, 52, 104, 151, 158-59, 181 Prussians (extinct Baltic people), 36 Pskov, 23-24, 37-39 puritanical, 162 Purmerend, 26 Pushkin, Aleksandr, 178, 206 Pustozer’sk, 30, 183 Putin, Vladimir, 5, 8 quackery. See medicine quarantine, 96 Qing dynasty, 31, 104, 160 Raeck, Govert van der, 100,102 Rákóczi, György, 104 Rampjaar (“Year of Disaster”, 1672), 9, 30, 51, 152-53 ransoming, 157, 169 Raptschinsky, Boris, 4, 13 Razin, Stenka (Stepan), 4, 30, 116-17, 137, 143, 145, 153, 165, 205 Recorder {Griffier), 56 Red
Square, 31, 94, 155 regents (Russian), 30-1, 69, 169. See also Softia regents (Dutch), 43, 56, 58, 70, 75, 77, 97, 101, 108, 110, 151-56, 160, 165, 182, 205 Reger, William, 6, 114-15 religion (identity, role of), 36, 89, 106, 123, 147-48, 162-63. See also Anabaptism; Arminians; Calvinism; Catholicism; Gomarists; Old Believers; Orthodoxy; Muslims; Protestantism Rembrandt van Rijn, 102, 104 renegades, 149. See also Boekhoven (Filips Albrecht van); Winius Republic of Letters, 109 Reve, Karel van het, 4, 13, 203 RGADA. See Archive of Ancient Acts Rhineland, 157 rich trade, 41 Richter, W.M. von, 1 Riga, 9, 41, 43, 48, 63, 80, 86, 97, 101, 108-109, 118, 137, 189-90 Ringen, Hendrik van, 58, 114 Riurik dynasty, 209 Robinson, Geroid Tanquaray, ix Rodenburg(h), Jan Comelis van, 114
Index Romanov, Ivan Nikitich, 77 Romanov dynasty, xi, 2, 4, 56, 63, 79, 88, 96, 99, 105, 202. See also Mikhail; Aleksei; Filaret; Fyodor Ш; Peter; Ivan V; Alexander I; Nicholas I; Nicholas II Rome, 136, 138, 181 Romodanovskii, Fyodor, 181 Romswinckel, Matthias, 155 Roonaer, Anthony Goriszoon, 176 Roonaer, Jacobus Goriszoon, 176 Roonaer family, 176 Roosevelt family, 149 ropeworks, 82 Rubroeck (Ruysbroeck), Willem van, 23, 36-37 Rumpf, Christiaan, 162 Rusland en de Nederlanden (Schehema), З Russian Academy of Sciences, 32, 171, 177, 195 Russian Federation, 5, 7-8, 20, 92, 203-204 Russian flag, 1, 10 Russian identity, 62-63, 154-55, 16162, 164, 177-78. See also loyalty Russian language, 12, 21, 44-45, 139, 152, 154, 163 Russians, in Dutch eyes, 21, 59-63, 161-62 Russo-Swedish War of 1656-1658, 29, 136 Russo-Turkish War of 1676-1681, 30, 69, 114, 137, 159, 166, 176, 229 Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774, 1 Ruts, David Nicolaeszoon, 102, 114 Ruts family, 57, 99, 101-102. See also Sweeden Ruysch, Frederick, 189 Rzeczpospolita. See Poland-Lithuania sailing, 13, 28-31, 41, 43, 46, 49, 73, 75, 77, 83, 86, 97, 99, 108, 116-17, 135, 138, 143-44, 163, 171, 190 245 sailors, 1, 28-31, 39, 93-94, 101, 117, 125, 135, 138, 143, 153, 160, 169, 193-94 Saint Michael the Archangel, 43 Saint Petersburg (Russia), 4, 9, 13, 20, 31, 77, 97, 122, 188-90, 193, 198, 205 Salingen, Simon van, 25, 42 saltpeter (potassium nitrate), 27, 45, 86, 206 Samoyeds, 59 sanctuary, 94 Santa Profetie, 163 Sarai, 36 Scandinavia. See Denmark; Norway; Sweden Scania (territory in south Sweden), 29, 159 Scanian War
(1675-1679), 29, 159 Schade, Hans, 5 Scheltema, Jacob, 3, 110, 206 schools. See education Schoonebeeck, Adriaan, 163, 195 Schumacher, Johann Daniel, 177 schutters. See militia science, 6, 31-32, 95, 109, 155, 160, 162-63, 171, 177, 182-83, 195 Scotland, 52, 148 Scots, 7, 31, 45, 63, 89, 92, 115-16, 121, 123, 138, 175, 177 seafaring regulations. See Morskoi ustav Seba, Albert, 189 seclusion of women, 154 Second World War, 4-5, 202-203 serfs, 46, 53 servants, 53, 63, 109, 124-25, 136, 145 Seville, 39 Sevsk, 95 Shamin, Stepan, 6 shamkal, Caucasian ruler, 143 Shein, Mikhail Borisovich, 86, 90 Shields-Kollmann, Nancy, 8 ship’s captains, 44, 49, 117, 143 ship’s masts, 119, 130
246 Index shipwrights, 28-31, 93, 101, 116-17, 135, 160 shogun, 104 Siberia, 6-7, 9, 25-26, 29, 59-60, 63, 100, 105, 109, 130, 159-60, 164, 206 Siberian Office (Sibirskii Prikaz), 100 Siege of Vienna (1683), 31, 138, 159, 184 sieges, 30-31, 41, 49, 114-17, 138, 149, 159, 163, 176, 178, 184 Sigismund ΙΠ Wasa, king of Poland, grand duke of Lithuania, 51 silk, 73-74, 78-80, 82, 87-88, 93, 105, 116, 129, 152, 171 silver, 39, 125, 129, 145, 184. See also bullion slave trade, 104, 108 slavery, 57, 153, 156 Slavic studies, 4-6, 8-9, 12, 203 slobodas, 122. See also nemetskaia sloboda Smolensk War, 28, 90, 114-15, 117, 145 smuggling, 47, 127 Smutnoe vremya (Smuta). See Time of Troubles soldiers, 24, 51, 53, 61, 87, 89, 94, 117-18, 145, 148, 176,201 Solov’ev (Soloviev), S. M., 1 Sont. See Sound (Danish) Souhay, Elisabeth, 176-77 Souhay, François, 28, 176, 178 Sound (Danish), 68, 193 Sound toll, 68, 193 South America, 39, 104 southern Netherlands, 8, 24-27, 43, 46, 50, 52, 73. See also Antwerp; Artois; Belgium; Brabant; Flanders; Hainault Soviet POWs (Second World War), 202 Soviet Red Army, 202 Soviet Union, vii, ix, xi, 2-8, 14, 16, 202-203, 207 Spain, 10, 25-28, 31-32, 38, 41^4-2, 52, 69, 78, 89, 103,106, 115, 118, 138, 154, 183, 194 spaľnik, 172 Spanish Fury (1576), 41, 46 Spanish Netherlands. See southern Netherlands Spanish silver fleet, 39 spices, 41, 44 Spies, Marijke, 12 Spränger, Gommert, 86, 114 Sri Lanka, 104 Stanislavsky, Konstantin, 206 staple, 26, 35 state (government), 4, 10, 21, 23, 28, 32, 39,44, 46, 51-52, 55-57, 62-63, 67-69, 80-81, 87, 89, 91, 98, 100, 107, 109,
124, 127-29, 133-34, 136-37, 147, 161, 169, 171, 183-84, 203, 207 See also d’iak; EstatesGeneral; tsar state, strength of, 51-53 State Department (US), 153 Stavoren, 26 Stellingwerff, Arent Claeszoon van, 91-92, 96-97 Stellingwerff, Jacob Arentszoon van, 91, 94, 96-97 Stockholm, 71, 75, 77, 89, 135, 161-62 Stoltz (Goncharov), 124 Strahlenberg, Philip Johann von, 160, 166 Stravinsky, Igor, 206 strel’tsy, 30-31, 137,181, 183 Stroganov family, 25-26, 42 Struys, Jan Janszoon, 5, 7, 14, 16, 30, 60, 117, 125, 143-44, 153-54, 205 Stuart dynasty, 29-31, 107, 110, 132, 148 Sublime Porte. See Ottoman Empire sultan, of Ottoman empire, 73, 104, 138, 148, 151, 169 surgeons, 92-96, 100, 144, 160 Surinam, 57, 104, 156 Surinam Society, 156 Swaen, Thomas de, 102, 114 Sweden, 7, 9, 25, 27, 29-32,48, 52, 67֊ 69, 71, 74, 76-77, 86,100, 103-105,
Index 137-38, 151-52, 158-59, 169-70, 172, 184, 188, 193, 201 Sweeden, Jan van, 29-30, 63, 80-81, 85,99-102, 106, 110, 116, 124, 134-35, 144-45, 147, 149, 161, 182, 189, 204-205 Sweeden, Suzanna van, 161 Sweeden-Ruts, Maria van, 99 Swellengrebel, Erdman, 113, 118 Swellengrebel, Heinrich, 118, 155 Switzerland, 175, 178 Synod of Dordt (Dordrecht), 76, 152 Tabbert, Egidius, 99 tar, 45, 82, 130, 137, 188 tariffs, 29, 56, 58, 80, 86, 128, 136, 147 Tatars, 23-24, 31, 38-39, 69, 100, 114, 125, 137, 143, 151, 157, 159-60, 170- 71, 176 Tavernier, Roger, 5 taxation, 29, 46, 55, 76, 80, 109, 128, 187 Tchaikovsky, P.I., 206 technology, 86, 114, 149, 151, 157, 171-72 Tensini, Octavio, 100, 102 Termu(o)nd(t), Jan van, 93-95, 143-45, 154, 205 Teutonic Knights, 37 Texel (island roadstead), 86, 202 textile, 82, 88, 99, 101, 189 texts, 2, 7, 18, 28, 50, 60-62, 109, 121 Thesingh, Jan, 161, 163, 187-88 Thesingh, Hendrik, 161, 187 Thirteen Years’ War, 28, 103, 115, 152, 204 Thirty Years’ War, 29, 68, 76, 103, 118 Thyret, Isolde, 8 timber. See wood Time of Troubles (Smuta), 27, 45—47, 55-56, 59, 63-64, 73-74, 92, 114, 127 Timmerman, Frans, 1, 3, 31, 95, 160, 162-65, 170, 188, 205 tobacco, 63, 123 247 tolerance, 26, 30, 68 tolls, 26, 55, 68, 77, 80, 193 Tolstoi, Lev, 206 Tolstoi, P. A., 7 Torbay, 31, 170 torgovaia kniga, 21 torture, 91 Tot’ma, 56 trade, 3, 4, 6, 8-Ю, 12-14, 20-21, 2329, 35-50, 56-59, 62, 67-69, 73-91, 96-97, 100-10, 116, 124, 127-36, 144, 148-49, 152-53, 155-56, 160-67, 171, 176, 178, 182, 184-85, 189-91, 197-99, 102, 205. See also bulk trade; Iran; merchants; rich trade;
tariffs; tolls; trading privileges trading privileges, 47, 55, 58, 67, 73, 76-77, 79-80, 128. See also monopolies; tariffs translators, 2, 75, 93, 100, 136, 139-40, 144, 153-54, 158, 163, 204. See also Asperen; Vinius transport routes, 35, 55, 73, 79, 85, 88, 93, 105, 116, 138 Transylvania, 104 travel accounts, 6, 16, 18, 59-60, 123. See also Bruin; Coyett; Danckaert; Fletcher; Goeteeris; Ides; Jenkinson; Olearius; Struys Treaty of Copenhagen (1660), 29, 68 Treaty of Dover, 137 Treaty of Kardis, 136 Treaty of Karlowitz, 31, 157, 170 Treaty of Nerchinsk, 31, 160 Treaty of Nijmegen, 30, 156, 178 Treaty of Nystadt, 32 Treaty of the Pyrenees, 103 Treaty of Ryswyck, 31, 157, 170, 184 Treaty of Štolbovo, 27, 76 Treaty of Utrecht, 9, 32, 105, 183 Treaty of Westminster (1654), 29 Treaty of Westminster (1674), 30 Trip, Elias, 85-86, 89, 102, 108, 114 Triple Alliance (Republic-SwedenBritain), 137
248 Tromp, Cornells, 193 Troyen, Jeroen van, 155 Truce of Andrusovo, 9, 29, 105, 160 Truce of Deulino, 27, 77, 89 Tsvetaev, D., 1 Tuchthuys (Amsterdam prison), 59 Tuia, 28, 82, 85, 99-100 Turgenev, Nikolai, 206 Turkey. See Ottoman Empire Turks. See Ottoman Empire turners, 189 Tver’, 24 Twelve Year Truce, 27, 152 Index Ugra, 24 Uhlenbeck, C. C., 4, 12 Ukraine, 29-31, 37, 159-60, 207 Ukraintsev, Emeľian, dumnyì ďiak, 137-38, 141, 154, 157-58, 169, 178, 182 Ulozhenie, 29, 127 United Kingdom. See Great Britain United States of America, 54-56, 149 University of Amsterdam, 4, 203 University of North Carolina at Greensboro, vii, ix Unkovskaya, M., 94 Ural mountains, 160 Ural (laik) river, 160 urbanisation, 35 Ushakov, Stepan, 67-69, 182 Ustrialov, N. V., 1, 13 usury, 56 Utrecht (city), 9, 105, 161, 183 Utrecht (province), 28, 32 Utrecht University, 4, 14 vats, 187 Veltdriel, Johan van, 28, 86-87, 89 Veluwenkamp, Jan-Willem, 5-6 Venice, 78, 86, 103, 138, 174, 181, 183 Vermeer, Johannes, 104 Verpootten, Philips, 100-102, 109 Vienna, 31, 67, 110, 138, 151, 156, 159, 161, 183-84, 201-202 Vinius, Andrei Andreevich, 3, 10-11, 28, 32, 63, 93,95, 98,100,116, 137-40, 144-45, 147, 149, 154-58, 160, 163-64, 166-67, 169-70, 172, 174, 178, 181, 194, 204-207 Vinius, Matvei Andreevich, 63 VOC ( Vereenighde Oostindische Compagnie, United East India Company), 27, 46, 50, 57, 79, 164, 182, 188, 193 Vogelaer, Daniël Marcuszoon de, 55 Vogelaer, Jan Marcuszoon de, 55, 97 Vogelaer, Joost de, 42, 48 Vogelaer, Marcus Marcuszoon de, 55 Vogelaer sr, Marcus de, 26, 46, 49, 55 Vogelaer (-Glissenberch),
Margaretha de, 42, 56 Vogelaer, de, family, 26, 28, 47, 55-57, 59, 80-81, 89, 99, 102, 124, 135, 166. See also Margaretha van Valckenburch Volga, 24-25, 30, 32, 36-37, 39, 74, 79, 87, 100, 105, 116, 145 Vologda, 87, 161 Vondel, Joost van den, 97 Voronin, Vladimir, 137, 184 Voznitsyn, Prokofii, dumnyi d’iak, 181 Vries, Jan de, 7 Valckenburg(c)h, Elisabeth van, 56 Val(c)kenburg(c)h, Margaretha (Margriet) van, 55-58, 90 value, 37, 41, 88-89, 154, 198 Vanderbilt family, 149 Vasily III, grand-duke of Russia, 24, 39 Vasily IV Shuiskii, tsar of Russia, 27 Waarheid, De, 202 Waegemans, Emanuel, 6 wages, 61, 113 Walle, Jacques van de, 42, 46, 48, 78, 83 Walle, Jan van de, 25-26, 42-44, 4850, 56, 78, 83, 204
Index Wallerstein, Immanuel, 6 Wallhausen, Johann Jacobi von, 115 Wallonia (French-speaking provinces of Netherlands), 26 Wapenhandelinghe, 115 War of the Reunions (1683-1684), 156 War of the Spanish Succession (17021713), 32, 52, 183-84 warehouse, 26, 55, 85, 117, 144, 165 warfare (manner of fighting), 6, 114-16, 118, 163, 175,204 warships, 189. See also navy Wasa dynasty, 51-52 watches, 171 Waterloo, 3 watermills, 171 waterpower, 171 waterways (inland), 35, 90 Waugh, Daniel, 6 wax, 88 weavers. See textile Weber, Max, 124, 148 weather, 90 West India Company, 27, 188 Westerkerk (Amsterdam), 161 Western Europe, 2-3, 6, 9, 10, 16, 2326, 29, 31-32, 37-39, 41^12, 45^16, 48,51,61-63, 74, 80, 82, 88, 92, 95-96, 100, 103, 109, 111, 113-16, 121-27, 130-31, 137, 139, 144-45, 148, 152, 154-55, 157-58, 160-64, 171, 175-76, 178-79, 181-84, 189, 193, 195, 197-98, 203 whale hunt (whaling), 27 White Sea, 1, 8, 25-27, 41-42, 44, 48, 81, 85, 130, 189 W1C (Westindische Compagnie, Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie, GWQ. See West India Company Willem (Willum), Paul de, 114 William I (Willem I van Oranje-Nassau, the Silent/i/e Zwijger, Guillaume le Taciturne), stadtholder, 26 249 William Π ( Willem II van OranjeNassau), stadtholder, 28 William Π of Orange-Nassau, king of the Netherlands, 3, 202 William ΙΠ ( Willem III van OranjeNassau), king-stadtholder, 30-32, 36, 52, 107, 138, 156-57, 170 wine, 41 Winius Jr, Andries. See Vinius Winius (Vinius), Andries Denijszoon, gosť, 28-29, 80-82, 85, 99-102, 134-35, 147^18, 164-65, 182, 189, 204 Winius, Deni(j)s Tjerkszoon, 165 Winterkoning, Filips,
25, 42 Witsen, Cornells Janszoon, 164 Witsen, Gerrit, 73, 77, 164 Witsen, Nicolaas Comeliszoon, 4, 6-7, 9, 13, 18-19, 28-31, 60, 63, 80, 101, 109, 111, 122-23, 154-56, 160, 16365, 167, 182, 189, 194, 203-207 Witsen family, 73, 164-65 Witsen Project, 203 Witsen’s diary, 4, 7, 9, 109, 164, 204-205 Witt, Cornells de, 30, 152 Witt, Johan de, (raadspensionaris), 30, 103-104, 108, ПО, 152 Wladimiroff, Igor, 6 women, seclusion of, 154 wood, 122 World System, 6 World War One. See First World War World War Two. See Second World War Wijk, Nicolaas van, 4, 12 Wijnroks, Eric, 5-6, 8, 41, 43-44, 47-48, 55, 68, 82-83, 87-88, 106, 131-32 xenophobia, 123, 127, 130 Yankees, 149 Yugoslavia, 203
250 Index Zaandam, 182 Zabelin, L, 1 Zaborovskii, Semyon, 67-68 Zandt, Christiaan, 6 Zee(Zea)land (province), 10, 23, 27-28, 31,43,75-76, 106, 118 Zeevaartreglement (morskoi ustav), 1, 117 Zhdanov University (Leningrad State University), 4 Zitser, Ernest, 6 Zoe (Sofia) Paleologos, 24 Zürich, 202 Zutphen, 37 Zwolle, 23, 37, 118
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Contents Foreword: Jordan E. Kurland (1928-2016) vii Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 Chronology 23 Maps 33 1 The Prehistory of Dutch-Russian Relations; the English Pioneers 35 2 Flemish Trailblazers 41 3 New States on Europe’s Fringe 51 4 De Vogelaer and Van Klenek 55 5 The Russian and Dutch Other 59 6 Diplomatic Ties 67 7 Isaac Massa 73 8 Business Opportunities 79 9 Guns and Grain 85 10 Medicine 91 11 Dutch Entrepreneurs 99 v
vi Contents 12 Pivot: Boreeľ s Embassy 103 13 Dutch Mercenaries in the Tsar’s Service 113 14 The Western Sloboda 121 15 The New Commercial Statute of 1667 127 16 Envoys 133 17 The Oryol 143 18 Becoming Russian? 147 19 Koenraad van Klenek’s Embassy 151 20 The Interregnum, 1676-1689 159 21 Peter the Great 169 22 Patrick Gordon and François Lefort 175 23 Russians in the Republic 181 24 A Final Blaze of Business: Lups and Brants 187 25 Cornells Cruys and the Russian Exchange Students 193 26 An Era Closes: The Eighteenth Century 197 Epilogue 201 Glossary 209 Bibliography 211 Index 229 About the Author 251
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Index Aansprekersoproer (1697), 108-109 Abbas I, the Great, shah of ban, 77 Aberdeenshire, 148 absolutism, 138 Academy of Sciences (Russia), 32, 171, 177, 195 Act of Abjuration (Plakkaat van Verlatinghe), 8 Ad(e)l(a)er, Kurt (Cort) Sivertsen, 193 Aeloude en Hedendaegsche Scheepsbouw (Witsen), 164, 167 Africa, 68, 104, 169 agriculture, 35, 86-87 alchemy, 91 alderman (schepen; judge), 57 Aleksei Alekseevich, tsarevich, 136 Aleksei Mikhailovich, tsar of Russia, 6, 18, 28-30, 69, 93, 95-96, 105-106, 110, 113-16, 125, 129-30, 135-40, 144, 156, 159, 161, 163, 183, 204205 Aleksei Petrovich, tsarevich, 61, 64 Alexander I, tsar of Russia, 3 Akema (Аскета, Akkema), Lus Tieleman, 91, 99, 101, 148 Aleppo, 79 Alexander Nevsky, Eastern Slavonic prince, 37 All Drunken Assembly (Peter the Great), 61, 162 Amburger, Erik, 2, 5-6, 14 American Association of University Professors (AAUP), ix, xi Americas, 39, 104, 149 Amirev, Ivan, 29 ammunition, 29, 48, 78, 113. See also gunpowder Amsterdam, 4, 8, 26, 29, 39, 41, 43, 46, 57, 59, 73-79, 83, 85-86, 89, 91, 96-97, 100-102, 106, 108-10, 122, 132, 138-39, 147, 152-56, 161-66, 169-70, 182, 187-90, 193-95, 203, 205-7 Amsterdam city council (vroedschap), 57, 70, 152, 169 Amsterdam notarial archives, 83, 140 anabaptism, 36, 91. See also Mennonites Anglo-Dutch Wars, 29-30, 104, 109 Anna Pavlovna, queen of the Netherlands, 3 Antwerp (Antwerpen), 8, 25-26, 39, 41-43, 46, 48, 106, 132, 206 apothecary, 82, 91-93, 95-97, 100, 124. See also Aptekarska prikaz Aptekarska prikaz, 82, 93, 95-96, 100 apprentices. See artisans Apraksin, Fyodor, 181 Architectura
Navališ (Witsen), 164, 167 229
230 Index Archive of Ancient Acts (Moscow; Astrakhan, 30, 101, 105, 116-17,143RGADA—Rossiiskii Gosudartsvennyi 44, 153, 205 Arkhiv Drevnikh Aktov—), vii-viii, 5 astrolabe, 95, 162 archives, vii-viii, xi, 5, 41, ПО, 139, astrology, 91 202. See also documents Atlantic Ocean, 104, 108, 189 Arctic Circle, 45, 85 Austria, 24, 31-32, 104, 157, 159, 181, Arctic Ocean (Sea), 160 207 Austrian Netherlands. See southern Areskine (Erskine), Robert, 177 Netherlands Arkhangelsk, 3, 9, 14, 15, 21, 24-29, Avvakum, 7, 184 41—46, 48-49, 55, 62, 68, 73-75, 77, 79-83, 85-88, 92-94, 96-97, 100, Azov, 31-32, 114-15, 149, 163, 176 109, 116, 118, 121, 124-25, 127-28, 130-31, 134, 137, 144, 152-53, 161- Bacheracht, David, 110, 118 Baibakov, Ivan, d’iak, 28, 135 62, 176-77, 187-90, 194, 198 Baklanovskii, Ivan, 76-77 armed forces. See army; cavalry; ballast, 41, 132 infantiy; military; navy ballistics, 162 Armenia, 73 Baltic peoples, 36-37 Armenians, 74, 79-80, 105, 156 Baltic Sea (and region), 8, 23, 27, Arminians, 76 36-37, 39, 41, 46-47, 60, 62-63, 68, arms dealers. See arms traders 74-75, 81, 85, 87-88, 152, 158, 164, arms export, 47-48, 86-89, 113, 117, 181, 185, 189-90, 193 129, 188 Bandar-e-Abbas, 79 arms manufacturing, 28, 47, 82, 89, 144 bankruptcy, 48, 56 arms trade, 10, 29, 40, 47—48, 57, 67, baptism, 80 69, 74-77, 82, 86-90, 102, 108, 129, Barbary corsairs, 169 135, 152, 182 barrels. See vats arms traders, 29, 57-58, 82, 108, 135, Bartolotti, Guillelmo (Willem van den 152, 182. See also arms trade Heuvel), 85, 89 army, 24, 28-31, 37, 76, 78, 95, 100, Barts, Matthijs, 187 114, 117, 124,
145, 154, 158, 170, Bas, Direk, 27, 75 177, 182, 202 Battle of the Downs (Duins), 28 army size, 76 Battle of Gangut (Hangö), 32, 117 art, 97, 189, 195. See also Bruin; Hals; Battle of the Ice (Lake Peipus), 37 Hooghe; Rembrandt; Schoonebeeck; of Narva (1700), 32 Battle Vermeer Battle of Poltava, 32 artisans, 10, 35-36, 61, 113, 122-25, Battle of Quatre-Bras, 3 130, 189 Battle of the Prnth, 32, 53 artillery, 143, 171. See also cannon Battle of Waterloo, 3 Artois, province of, 23-24 Becker, Bruno, 4, 13 Ashkenazi Jews, 4 Bek, A. Kh„ 2 Asia, 3, 25-26, 37, 39, 73, 79-80, 97, Belarussians, 37 104, 152-53, 160, 164 Asperen, Abraham van, interpreter, 153, Belgium, 4, 24, 202. See also southern Netherlands; Artois; Brabant; 158 Flanders; Hainault; Liège Assen, 202
Index Belkin Stevens, Carol, 6, 114 bell founders (casters), 114, 118 Belov, Mikhail Ivanovich, 4 Bengal, 206 Berezina, 201 Bering, Vitus, 194 Berlin, 110, 138 Berlin, Isaiah, 205 Bernard (s, Bemaerts/Bemart), Daniel, 57-58, 82-83, 90, 110, 169 Bemard(s, Bemaerts/Bemart), Jacques, 46, 48, 57-58 Bemard (s, Bemaerts/Bemart), Jan (Jean), 57-58, 82-83, 90, 110 Bezemer, Jan-Willem, xiii, 13-14, 203 Bible, 35, 62 Bicker, Jacob, 43 Bicker family, 43, 46, 110 Bidloo, Nicolaas, 95 Biels (Bijis) Jr, Valentijn, 94, 96-97 Biels (Bijis) Sr, Valentijn, 92, 94, 96-98 Bitter, de, Amsterdam trading family, 43 Bitter, Jan de, 46 Black Death (bubonic plague pandemic), 23, 37 Black Sea. See Azov; Crimean Tatars blacksmiths, 189 blast furnaces, 28 Bliumentrost, I. L., 177 Bobinin, Vasilii, d’iak, 136 Boekhoven, Comelis van, 28, 30, 144, 159, 175-76, 205 Boekhoven, Isaac van, 28, 115-16, 176 Boekhoven, Katerina van, 156, 175 Boekhoven, Philips Albrecht van, 28, 175-76 Boekhoven clan, 7, 28, 115-16,124, 148, 156, 175-77, 204 Boeck, Brian, 8 Boer, Leo de, 98 Bogáért, Comelis, 155 Bogoslovskii, Mikhail, 3 Bol, Ferdinand, 139 Bolsheviks, 202. See also Communists 231 bombardir (gunner), 1, 172 Bommel, Elias van, 91 book printing, 1, 8, 28, 36, 115, 163, 172, 187, 195 Boreel, Jacob Willemszoon, vii, ix, xi-xii, 9, 29, 69, 100-11, 113, 117, 121, 127-29, 132-35, 139, 152-54, 162-64, 169, 176, 204-205 Boreel, Willem, 108 Boris Godunov, Russian tsar, 92 Boss, Valentin, xiii Boston University, viii botik, 117, 165 boyars (Russian high nobles), 30, 51, 56, 69, 86, 158, 171, 181, 183 Brabant, duchy of, 8,
23-24, 26, 41, 46, 56,115 Brandenburg. See Prussia Brands, Maarten, xiii Brandt, Karsten, 1, 3, 30-31, 99, 117, 135, 143-45, 154, 160, 163-65, 170, 205 Brants, Christoffel, 106, 161-62, 18790, 201, 204 Brants, Enno, 187 Brants, Helena, 188 Braudel, Fernand, 6-7 Brazil, 60, 104 Brederode embassy. See Brederode Brederode, Reinout van, 27, 69, 75-76, 78, 108, 151 Breemburch, Quirijn, 94 Bremen, 102, 106, 152 Breukelen, 149 bribery. See corruption brick, 82, 123, 144 British civil wars, 28, 89, 108, 118 British-Russian landing in Holland (1799), 201 Brius, Iakov ViUminovich, 115, 177 broadsheets (broadsides), 60 Brooklyn, 149 Brown, Peter B., xiii, 8 Bmce, William, 115 Bmges (Brugge), 37, 39, 92
232 Bruin, Cornells de, 7, 19, 32, 60, 172, 188-89 Brunei, Olivier, 12, 25-26, 42-44 Brussels, 42 Buck, Piet de, 4, 14, 205 Bukhara, 25, 73 Bulavin rebellion, 32 bulk trade, 41, 47, 81, 88, 130 bullion, 41, 44, 47, 88, 137, 184 Buren, Martin van, 149 Burgh, Albert, 28, 69, 86, 97,133 Burgh, Coenraad, 28, 132-33, 204 Burgundian Circle (Burgundischer Kreis), 24, 35 Burgundian-Valois enmity, 103 Burgundy, duchy of, 23-24, 35, 37-40 Bushkovitch, Paul, 6, 16, 19, 166 business, 42, 46,48, 55-58, 68, 77, 7983, 85, 87, 99-100, 102, 110, 121, 123, 130-31, 147-48, 154, 156, 159, 161, 166, 187-91, 193. See also arms traders; entrepreneurship; merchants Butenant (von Rosenbusch), Heinrich (Andrei), 155 Butler, David, 5, 14, 101, 117, 135, 153, 145 Buturlin, Ivan, 181 Byzantine Empire, 23, 38, 154 Calvinism, 25-26, 36,41, 57, 79, 97-98, 106, 123-24, 147^18, 156, 175-76 Campense, Alberto (Albert Pigge), 39-40 Candían War, 103 Cannegieter, Koenraet, 155 cannon, 114, 119, 144, 163 Cape of Good Hope, 68, 104 capitalism, 10, 57, 99, 202 See also business; trade caravan route, 73 carbines, 113 Carlisle embassy, 106-107, 110, 139 cartels, 44. See also monopolies cartography, 26, 109, 160, 166-67 Index cash 10, 27, 41—42, 46,137. See also bullion Caspian Sea, 13, 25, 30, 74, 79-80, 87, 93, 105, 116-17, 119, 135, 143^14, 153, 160, 165 Castile. See Spain Cathay, 26. See also China Catherine I, empress of Russia, 31 Catholic Reformation (Counterreformation), 40, 68. See also Catholicism; Jesuits; Council of Trent Catholicism, 35, 38, 40, 63, 68, 92, 103, 115, 148, 156, 162,170, 175-76, 178 Cats,
Jacob, 56 Caucasus, 74, 143, 153, 157 cavalry, 115, 118, 163 caviar, 41, 89 Central Asia, 25, 73, 97, 164 Ceylon. See Sri Lanka Chaadaev, Pyotr, 178 chancellery script (skoropis’), 4 Chancellor, Richard, 25, 39 chargé֊ďaffaires, 73 Charlemagne, 40 Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy, 24, 38,40 Charles I, king of England, 29, 88, 107-108, 118 Charles П, king of England, 106, 110, 118, 137, 139 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor and king of Spain (as Carlos I), 35 Charles ХЛ, king of Sweden, 32 chartering (of merchant ships), 43, 96, 187 Chekhov, Anton, 206 Cherkasskii, Ivan Borisovich, 86 China, 18, 30, 104, 156, 160,164 Christianity, 23, 37, 63, 82, 96, 122, 125, 157. See also Anabaptism; Calvinism; Catholicism; Lutheranism; Mennonites; Russian Orthodoxy Christina, queen of Sweden, 135-36
Index Church Council of 1666-1667 (Russian Orthodox Church), 29, 105, 125 Chyhyryn, 30, 114, 159, 176 civil guard (schutters). See militia civilisation process (Norbert Elias), 61-62 Claesz(.), Comelis, 114 clans. See networks class conflict, 70 clergy (Catholic, Netherlands), 35 clergy (Russian Orthodox), 38, 51, 122, 170-71 climate, 45-46. See also weather Cloeck, Gillis, 155 cloth, 102. See also textiles Coehoom, Menno van, 10 coffins, 171 Cold War, ix, xi, 4, 203 Collins, Samuel, 129-30, 132 Cologne (Köln, Keulen), 30, 102 collective mindset, 53. See also Dutch national identity; nationalism Columbia University (New York), viii-ix Columbus (Christobal Colon, explorer), 38 commissary of naval matters (affairs; Amsterdam), 57 commoners, 153 communication networks, 36, 100. See also mail; post master Communism, ix, 14, 202-203, 206 Communistische Partij van Holland!Nederland (CPH/CPN). See Dutch Communist Party Communists (Soviet-Russian), ix, 14, 202-203, 206 Concert of Europe, 103, 108, 171 Congress of Vienna, 201 constable (gunner, artillerist), 143, 153-54, 172 Constantinople, 23, 38 consumer goods, 63 contracts, 49, 83, 92,114,153 convoying, 116, 131, 189-90 233 cooper, 187 Cooymans family, 108 Copenhagen, 29, 68, 110, 147 copper, 29, 100,145 Copper Riots (Moscow 1662), 29 corruption, 44, 56, 127, 164 corsairs, 131, 169 Cossacks, 15, 26, 29, 96, 116-17, 138, 143, 145 Council of Florence, 23, 38 Council of Trent, 40 Court, Pieter de la, 125 Coyett, Balthasar, 7, 19, 30, 60, 124, 153, 157, 205 Coyett, Julius, 82, 99, 153 Cracraft, James, 6, 16 credit, 10, 99 Crete. See
Candían War Crimean campaigns (1687 and 1689), 31, 160, 169-70 Crimean conflict (2014), 207 Crimean Tatars, 39, 69, 100, 137-38, 151, 159, 170. See also Tatars criminality, 59 Croiset van der Кор, A., 6, 12 crop cultivation. See agriculture crusades (in eastern Europe), 36-37 Cruys, Comelis (Niels Olufsen Creutz), 96, 177, 193-95 curiosity cabinets, 6, 172, 189, 195. See also Kunstkammer Dale, de la, family, 44, 58 Dam, Hendrik van, 89, 189 Danckaert, J.P., 60, 64, 78 Danes. See Denmark Danzig (Gdansk), 41 Dartmouth College, 8 Davies, Brian, 6, 114 Day of Judgment, 94 Dėdinovo, 29-30, 116 Delden, 161 Delft, 26 Demkin, A. V., 6, 121, 124 demography. See population
234 Denmark, 18, 29, 62, 68-69, 76, 103, 121, 125, 138, 151, 159, 193-94 dentistry, 171 Deventer, 23, 37, 118 d’iak (secretary, clerk), 28, 67, 86, 107, 110, 135-36, 140, 144, 158, 165, 169, 172, 181 diaries, 4, 7, 9, 109,148, 175-76, 178, 189, 205 diets, 121 Diggs, Dudley, 77 Dillenburg, 57 diplomacy, 10-11, 24, 44, 67-71, 74-76, 78, 81, 86, 88, 102, 107-108, 129-31, 134-41, 153-54, 158, 16063, 166, 170, 181-82, 184, 189 Directorate of Muscovite Trade, 131, 189 disease, 45, 96, 115. See also Black Death; epidemics dissection, 171 dissidents (Soviet), 203 Dixon, Simon, 8 Dmitrii, First False. See First False Dmitrii doctors. See medical doctors documents (archival, ego-documents) 2, 5, 7, 11, 15, 18, 83, 121, 125, 153, 157, 164, 176, 183-84, 190 Dokhturov, Gerasim, 110, 140, 144 Dokkum, 86, 90 Donbas, 194 Dordt (Dordrecht), Synod of, 76, 152 Dostoyevsky, F.M., 184, 206 Drie aanmerkelijke en rampspoedige Reysen (Struys), 96, 144 Driessen(-van het Reve), Jozien, 6, 63, 165, 171, 195 drill, 28, 115, 204 dumnyi d’iak, 158, 165, 169, 181 Dumschat, Sabine, 95-96 Dunning, Chester, xiii, 8 Dutch Communist Party (CPH, CPN), 202-203, 206 Index Dutch decline, 9, 47, 104, 173, 178, 184, 197-98 Dutch diplomacy. See Brederode; Bas; Boreel; Burgh; diplomacy; Heins(ius); Joachimi; Keller; Klenek; Massa; Veltdriel; Witsen Dutch East India Company. See VOC Dutch economic boom, 9, 26-27, 39, 41-48, 55-56, 124 Dutch education minister, 12 Dutch government. See Estates-General Dutch (economic) hegemony, 77 Dutch language as lingua franca, 6, 62, 164,185 Dutch national identity, 35-36, 102, 106,
148,155-56. See also Klenek; loyalty; Massa; Sweeden; Winius Dutch Primacy in World Trade (Israel), 198 Dutch Revolt, 25-26. See also Eighty Years’ War Dutch shipping, 1,10, 26-27, 68, 85, 88, 102, 139, 188-90,197-98 Dutch trade, volume and value of, 4, 13, 41,47, 56, 81, 88,128, 139, 198, 205 Dvina (northern), 25-26, 39,41-44, 49. See also Arkhangelsk dvor’ianin, 67, 107 dyslexia, 172 Dzungaria, 206 Eagle (Oryol), 29-30, 116-18, 125, 140, 143-45, 153-54, 165, 205 East Asia, 3, 39, 73, 104, 160 Eastern European studies, 4-5, 8, 203 Eastland Trade. See mother trade economic crisis, 45 economic growth, 9,46 Edict of Fontainebleau, 31, 156, 162 Edict of Nantes, 26 education, 21, 36, 91-93, 95, 115, 117, 130, 139, 161, 171-72, 183, 187, 194-95, 203, 206
Index Eekman, Thomas, З ego-documents. See Avvakum; documents; Gordon; Tolstoi; Witsen Eighty Years’ War, 8, 9, 88, 133 Eisenstein, Sergei, 37 embassies (purpose of), 3, 9-10, 20, 27-31, 60, 69-70, 74-78, 85-87, 93, 95, 101, 103-105, 108-10, 117, 121-22, 131, 133, 135, 139, 151-55, 157-58, 161, 163-64, 170, 174, 177, 181-84, 188, 194, 204-205, 207. See also diplomacy Emden, 106 émigres (Russian), 4, 202 Elias, Norbert, 61-62 Elizabeth I, queen of England, 91, 96 Elsevier pubhshers, 60 emigration, 46, 202 England, 3,4, 10, 13, 25-26, 28-30, 39, 41-45, 48-50, 52, 58, 60, 62, 67, 69, 75, 77-79, 86, 88, 91-92, 103-104, 106-10, 118, 121, 124, 129, 132, 134-35, 137-38, 154, 157, 170, 172-73, 181-84 English (people). See England Enkhuizen, 20, 26, 93 entrepreneurs, 6, 25-27, 29,41^12, 56, 89, 99-102, 116, 118, 130, 144, 147-8, 155, 160, 163 environment. See climate epidemics, 96. See also Black Death; disease Epiphany, 188 Erskine. See Areskine Esper, Thomas, 8 espionage, 81, 154, 163 Estates-General (Burgundian), 23 Estates-General (northern Dutch), 28, 44, 56, 61, 67-68, 70-71, 73-76, 78, 81, 83, 85-87, 90, 93, 101-102, 107-10, 118, 128, 135, 138, 143, 147, 157, 161-62, 169-70, 174, 185, 188, 205 Estonia, 75 etching, 152, 163, 171, 195 235 Eternal Peace (between Poland and Russia, 1686), 31 ethics, 56, 124 Eurasia, 164 European Union, 203 Eylof, Johan, 42-43, 63, 91, 96, 148 Eylof, Joris, 96 Fabricius (Faber), Ludvig (Ludwig/ Lodewijk), 5, 14-15, 80, 117, 143֊ 44, 154, 205 factors (agents), 25, 47, 100, 109, 124, 132, 161-62 factory (factorij!station), 26 Falck, Hans, 114, 118
famine, 45 Fankerin, Ivan, 155 Far’ium, Ivan (Jan van Ruim?), 155 favourites, 177-78 Fentzel (Fentsel/Fenzel), Hendrick, 48-50 Fentzel, Herman, 50 Filaret (Fyodor Nikitich Romanov), Russian patriarch, 27, 77, 89, 127 financiers, 46, 123, 169, 187-88 Finland, 198 Finnish Gulf, 194 firearms, 28-29, 115. See also artillery; cannon; muskets fireworks, 182 First False Dmitrii (Lzhedmitrii), 27 First World War, 3 fishing, 35, 39, 41, 78 flag, 1, 10 Flanders, 8, 20-21, 23-26, 26, 41-50, 135 Fletcher, Giles, 45, 60 Florence, 23, 38, 158 Floria, B. N., 6 fortification, 114,171 fortress builders, 114 France, 9-10, 26-27, 30-32, 38, 69, 75, 86 Franche-Comté (Free County of Burgundy), 40
236 Franco-Dutch War (French-Dutch War, 1672-1678), 9, ЗО, 51, 116, 137-38, 152-53 Frederick (Friedrich, ship), 118-19 Frederick I, king of Prussia (previously, Frederick Ш of BrandenburgPrussia), 152 Frederick Henry (Frederik Hendrik, van Oranje-Nassau, de Stedendwinger), 27 Frederick William of Hohenzollern, the Great Elector, 104 free trade, 73 French Revolution, 197, 201 Friedrich Ш, Duke of Holstein-Gottorf, 93 Friesland (Frisia, province), 12, 23, 29, 67, 86, 89-91, 94, 96, 106-107, 157, 164-65, 187 Frisian (language), 35 Frost, Robert (historian), 6, 114 Frosten, Jakob van, 116 Fuhrmann, Joseph, 6, 99 furs, 27, 94, 130, 132, 137 Fyodor (Fedor) I, tsar of Muscovy, 26, 45, 92 Fyodor (Fedor) Ш, tsar of Muscovy, 30, 69, 156-57, 159, 163, 183 galan(t)skaia kniga (“Holland Book”), 62-63, 121 Galen, Bernhard von, bishop of Münster, 30 galley ships, 144 gangrene, 94 gardens, 93, 95, 123, 188, 195, 207 Gecommitteerden voor de Oostersche Handel, 189 Geer, Louis (Louys) de, 89 Gein, Boris, 155 Gelderland. See Guelders gemstones, 82, 88, 125, 145 gender. See women generals (army), 176-77, 181. See also Gordon Index Geneva (Genève), 116, 175, 177-78 Gentlemen Seventeen (Heeren XVII՛, VOC directors), 57, 164 geography. See Arctic Sea; Atlantic; Caspian Sea; Caucasus; climate; Dvina; North Sea; Urals; Volga; weather Georgians, 202 Gerdin, Zakharei, 155 German language, 5-6, 28, 35, 60, 97, 110, 121, 152, 164, 177 German occupation of Netherlands (1940-1945), 202 German suburb. See nemetskaia sloboda Germanic languages, 62, 121, 152. See as well Danish; Dutch; English; Frisian;
German; Swedish Germany, 2, 37, 46, 57, 92,102-104, 106, 115-16, 118, 124-25, 152, 155, 172, 187, 189. See also Bremen; Emden; Hamburg; Holstein; Holy Roman Empire Gerritsz(oon), Hessel, 59, 64 Ghent (Gent), 24 Gheyn, Jakob de, 28,115 Glasnost’, 203 glass blowing, 82, 99, 153 Glinka, Mikhail, 178 Glissenberch, Zacharias, 42, 49, 56, 63, 115, 125 Glorious Revolution, 31, 148, 170 Glückstadt, 31, 118 Goeteeris, Anthonis, 7, 60 Gogoľ, Nikolai, 206 gold, 100, 125, 145 Golden Age (Dutch), 162 Golden Horde. See Kipchaq khanate Golitsyn, Boris, 181 Golitsyn, Vasily V., 30, 159, 169-70 Golosov, Luk’ian, 140, 144 Golovin, Fyodor, 181, 195 Golovin, Russian diplomat (1650s), 29 Gomarists, 76 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 203
Index Gordon, Patrick, 7, 19, 31, 45, 63, 116, 125, 139, 148, 155-56, 163, 175-79, 181 Gordon, William, 63 gost’ (merchant of highest rank), 81 gostinnyi dvor’ (merchants’ warehouse), 144 government. See state Graaf Floris, ship, 187 grain, 39, 41, 81, 85-89, 130 grain shipping, 39, 41, 46, 47, 68, 81, 85-89, 130, 161, 188 Grand Embassy (of Peter the Great), 3, 10, 31, 69, 95-96, 117, 141, 157-58, 163-64, 170, 174, 177, 181, 183-84, 188, 194 Grande Armée, 201 Great Britain. See British Civil Wars; England; Scotland Great Northern War, 8, 32, 160, 177, 179, 188 Great Powers, 1, 9-10, 52-53, 70, 88, 103, 105, 124, 135, 137, 164, 17173, 177, 184, 201, 204-206 grenadiers, 174 Griffier. See Recorder Grodno, 32 Groningen (province), 4, 67, 107 Groningen University, 15 Guasconi, Francesco, 155, 158, 176-78 Guelders (province), 28, 32 guilds, 36 gunpowder, 78 gunsmiths, 82 Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, 27, 75, 83, 118 Gutenberg Bible, 35 Haarlem, 73, 149, 166, 207 Habsburgs, 24, 31, 35, 38-39, 49, 88, 103-104, 151, 156 Haga, Comelis, 162 Hague, The (’s-Gravenhage), viii, 10, 30, 44, 56, 61, 67, 69-70, 74-77, 237 89, 107-109, 133, 136-39, 141, 162, 166, 174, 182-83, 202 Hague Peace Conferences, 202 Hainault (Henegouwen, province), 23-4 Hakluyt, Richard, 36 Hals, Frans, 104 Hamburg, 67, 102, 106, 109,147, 152, 155 Harney, Boudewijn (Beaudoin/ Baldwin), 92-93, 165 Hamilton, Andrew, 95 Hanseatic League, 8, 23, 37, 39, 118 Harlem, 149 Harlingen, 26, 90 Hart, Simon, 4 Hartman, Daniël, 100-102, 155 harvest failures, 45, 81 Hasenius, Pieter, 155 Hassen (Haasen/Hasenius), Hendrick,
92-93, 97 healthcare, 94, 100, 163 Hebdon, John, jr, 45 Hebdon, John, sr, 29, 45, 132, 135, 139, 183 Hebdon, Thomas, 45 Heeren XVII. See Gentlemen Seventeen. Heins(ius), Daniël, 135 Heins(ius), Nicolaas, 62, 69, 71, 100, 135-37, 140, 143, 145, 151, 153-54, 161, 205 Hellevoetsluis, 138 Hellie, Richard, 6, 113-14 hemp, 45, 88, 130, 137 Hennings, Jan, 71, 162 Henri IV, king of France, 26-27 Herberstein, Sigismund von, 24, 60, 65 herb garden (of Russian apothecary), 93, 95 Herckmans, Elias, 59-60 heretics, 63, 80, 94, 122, 124, 154-55 heresy. See heretics Hertogenbosch, ’s-, 118 Hessel Gerritsz. See Gerritsz(oon), Hessel
238 Index Heumius, Johannes, 92-93 Heuvel, Willem van den. See Bartolotti hides (leather, of domesticated cattle), 27, 41, 44, 130 historical materialism, 5. See also Communism; Marxism historiography, 1-21, 41, 89, 145, 198-99, 204 Historisch Verhael (Coyett), 157 Hitler, Adolf, 202 Hoefnagel, Jacques, 42 Holland (province), xi, 1, 8, 10, 21, 23, 26-31, 41-43, 47, 56, 62, 70, 76-77, 85, 92, 94, 101, 103, 106, 121, 157, 164, 172-73, 176-77, 181, 183, 187, 194, 201, 204 Holstein Embassies, 28, 80, 93, 116, 118 Holy League, 159, 184 Holy Roman Empire, 24, 35, 38, 57, 67, 69, 81, 102-104, 106, 114-16, 138, 159, 184 Hooghe, Romeyn de, 152, 157, 163 Hoorn, 26 horses, 115, 153, 157 Horsey, Jerome, 42, 50 Hortus Botanicus, of Leyden University, 93 hospitals, 95 Houtman, Adolf, 55, 57, 155-56, 16061, 166 Houtman (Jan or Isaac), 155 Hudson, Henry, 46 Hughes, Lyndsey, 6, 16 Huguenots (French Calvinists), 26, 31 Hulst, Nicolaas van der, 173 Hulst, Zacharias (Amoldus/Amoud) van der, 93, 95-98, 164 humanism, 38-39, 135 Hundred Years’ War, 37 laik (Ural) river, 160 Iaroslavľ, 81 Ides, Everhard IJsbrandt, 18, 30, 164 illiteracy, 62, 154 immigration, 36, 56, 106, 148-49, 154, 187, 193-95, 197 import substitution, 47, 117,130 India, 24 industrialisation, 124,197 industrious revolution (Jan de Vries), 124, 164 industry, 6, 60, 89, 99, 124, 130 infantry, 115, 163 information, 6-7, 57, 59, 61-63, 81, 100, 147, 154-55, 171 Inner Asia. See Central Asia insurance, 56 intelligence (strategic information). See information International Court of Justice, 202 International Institute of Social
History, 202 ban (Persia), 25, 28, 73-74, 77-80, 87, 93, 95, 104-105, 116, 145, 152, 156, 189 Ireland, 121 iron, 82, 87, 99-100, 144, 155 Iron Curtain, 203 Israel, Jonathan, 198 Istanbul, 69, 162 Italy, 46. See also Venice Ivan III, the Great, grand-duke of Muscovy, 24, 38 Ivan IV, the Terrible, tsar of Muscovy, 9, 24-26, 39, 42^13, 48, 56, 91, 96, 105, 115, 118, 125 Ivan V, tsar of Muscovy, 30-31, 94, 143, 159, 163, 169 iuft (juchtleer, type of leather), 27, 44, 130 Iur’ev, Efim, 140, 144 Izmir (Smyrna), 79 Jacobites. See James П; Stuart Dynasty Jagiellonian dynasty, 52 James П, king of England and Scotland, 31, 148, 156, 162, 170 Jan ІП Sobieski, King of PolandLithuania, 151
Index Japan, 104 Jenkinson, Anthony, 25, 80 Jesuits, 162 jewels, 41, 44 Joachimi, Albert, 27, 69, 75, 78 John the Fearless (Jean Sanspeur), Burgundian duke, 38 Kalmyk khanate, 206 Kama, 100 Kamchatka, 32 Kamenets-Podol’skii, 137 Kampen, 23, 26, 37, 39, 118 Karakalpakstan, 26 Karakorum, 23, 36 Kashcheev, Ab(v)ram, 107 katorga (pl. katorg/), 144 Kazan, 194 Keizersgracht, 161 Keller, Johan Willem van, baron (domheer van Utrecht), 7, 19, 61-63, 69, 133-34, 143, 153, 157-58, 160֊ 62, 164, 170, 173, 179, 205 Kell(d)erman, Thomas, 137 Kenkei’, Andrei (Hendrik Kenkei?), 155 Keenan, Edward, 8, 20 Kholmogory, 25-26, 43, 55 Khodarkovsky, Mikhail, 8 Kinsbergen, Jan Hendrik van, admiral, 1,201 Kintsius, Abraham, 161 Kipchaq khanate, 23-24, 37 Kivelson, Valerie, 8 Klenek (Clenk, Clenck, Klenk), van, family, 124, 152 Klenck-Fentzel, Geertruida van, 50 Klenek, Jurriaan (George) van, 26, 45, 47, 50, 55-59, 80-82, 85, 89-91, 102, 124, 162 Klenek (Clenk, Clenck, Klenk), Koenraad (Coenraet) van, 28, 30, 44-45, 60, 69-70, 100, 129, 133-35, 140, 151-62, 166, 169, 176, 193, 204-205 Kliuchevskii, V.O., 1, 3 239 Kluyting, Cornells, 28 kniaz, 24, 38, 158, 172 Knoppers, Jake, 13-14, 197-99 Kola peninsula, 25, 42-43, 49, 55,190, 206 Kondyrev, Ivan, 74—75 Kordt, Veniamin, 2, 5, 21, 44, 49, 55, 87 Kotilaine, Jarmo, 5-6, 13, 16, 88, 130, 160, 198, 204 Kotoshikhin, G. F., 7 Kovrigina, V. A., 6 Kozlovskii, I. P., 2 Krawinckel, Jo(h)annes, 175 Kreslins, Janis, 6, 62 Krizhanich, Juraj, 7 Kronshtadt, 194 Kuhlmann, Quirinius, 31, 94, 98, 155 Kunstkammer, 195 Kurakin, Boris I., 172, 177, 181, 183-84 kuranty,
62, 81, 100, 166, 204. See also newspapers Kurland, Jordan, v-xiii, 1, 2, 5, 8-9, 108, 110, 125, 198, 204-205 Kyiv (Kiev), 5, 29, 31, 160, 177 Kyiv University, 5 labour, 46, 144, 202 Lahana, Martha Luby, 6, 122-23, 131, 197 Lake Peipus, 37 Lannoy, Gilbert de, 23, 36-38 Latin, 24, 35-36, 59-60, 65, 135 Latvians, 36 law, ix, 29, 56, 80, 106, 123-24, 127 leather. See hides; iufti Lefort, François, 7, 31, 94, 116, 148, 163, 174-79, 181 Lenin (Ul’ianov), Vladimir Il’ich, 202 Leningrad. See Saint Petersburg Leont’ev (Leontiev), Konstantin, ix Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, 104, 138, 184 Leslie, Alexander, 89-90, 189 Levant, 79
240 Index Leyden (Leiden), vii, 4, 12, 60, 92-93, 97-98, 132, 135 Leyden University, 4, 12, 92-93, 97-98, 132, 135 Liège, prince-archbishopric, 35 lingua franca, 164,185 Linschoten, Jan Huyghen van, 93 literacy, 62, 154. See also education; illiteracy Lithuanians, 36, 47-48, 51, 55. See also Polish-Lithuanians Little Ice Age (c. 1550-1750), 45 Livonia, 25, 45, 114 Livonian Guard (of Ivan IV), 42 Livonian Wars, 25, 45, 114 Locher, Th. J. G., 4, 165, 189, 205 London, 29, 31, 57, 92, 157, 167, 170, 182, 202 Longworth, Philip, xiii, 6 Lopukhina sisters, 183 Lotharius, Holy Roman Emperor, 40 Louis IX, king of France, 23 Louis XIV, king of France, 9, 28, 3031, 69, 96, 103, 105, 108, 137-38, 156, 169-70, 176 Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau, 152 Loviagin, A. M., 2 loyalty, 57, 74, 81, 89, 109, 147^18, 175. See also Dutch national identity; Russian national identity Lübeck, 48, 109, 118 Lubimenko, Inna, 3, 11, 110 lumber, 41, 88 Lups, Jacob, 188 Lups, Jan, 161, 187-90, 201 Lus, Sion, 26 Lutheranism, 148, 187 Madrid, 151, 156 magic, 94 Maier, Ingrid, 6 mail, 63, 137-39, 145, 155. See also postmaster Maire, Isaac le, 26, 42, 46 Maliebaan, 161 malnutrition, 45 Malov, V. M., 114 manufacturing, 10, 28, 36, 41, 47, 82, 89, 99-101, 124, 130, 144, 147, 171, 204 maps. See cartography market, 46, 60, 81, 94, 109,129 Marselis, family, 27, 89-90,102, 106, 147 Marselis, Gabriel, 27,147 Marselis, Gabriel Gabriëlszoon, 27, 147, 193-94 Marselis, Leonard Gabriëlszoon, 27, 147 Marselis, Peter Gabriëlszoon, 27, 29, 57, 80, 82, 97, 99, 101-102, 106, 110, 116, 124, 134, 137,144-45, 147, 149, 155, 179,
193-94, 204 Marselis, Peter Peterszoon, 145 Marselis, Selio (Celio) Gabriëlszoon, 27, 147 Mary (the Rich), duchess of Burgundy, 24 Mary (II) Stuart, queen of England, Scotland and Ireland, 31 mass, 35 Massa, Isaac Abrahamszoon, 7, 19, 45, 56-57, 59, 63-64, 68, 73-79, 81-83, 85, 89, 91, 93 mathematics, 162 Matveev, Andrei Artamonovich, 133, 183-84 Matveev, Artamon Sergeevich, 30, 56, 158, 183 Maurice (Maurits, van Oranje-Nassau), stadtholder, 26, 28, 67, 73-74, 93 Maximilian, archduke of Austria, 24, 35,40 McGill University, 197 medical doctors, 10, 42,45, 63, 82, 91-98,100, 124, 129, 135, 145, 160, 177. See also surgeons medicine, 1, 61, 91-98, 171,177 Mediterranean Sea, 39, 51, 62
Index Mennonites (doopsgezinden), ЗО, 89, 95, 148 Menshikov, Aleksandr, 177-78 Menzies (Menezius), Paul, 45, 137-38, 148, 178 mercantilism, 128, 147. See also import substitution; New Commercial Code; tariffs Mercator (Gerhard Kramer), 25 mercenaries, 1, 6, 10, 28, 45, 82, 87, 89, 95, 113-19, 122-25, 138, 144-45, 148, 175-78, 197 merchant ships, 43, 46, 88, 116, 130, 171, 189, 193 merchants (Dutch), passim merchants (English), 3, 12-13, 25-26, 39, 42, 45, 48, 50, 57, 77, 83, 127, 135, 160, 167. See also Muscovy Company merchants (Russian), 21, 24-25, 44, 80-81, 83, 127-28, 137 Merrick, John, 45, 50, 75, 78 Meulen, R. van der, 6 Meyer, De, Dutch merchant, 25 Middle Ages, 13, 36-37 migration. See emigrés; immigration Mikado (Japanese emperor), 104 Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov, tsar of Russia, 27,48, 55, 67-68, 70, 74, 76-77, 85, 87-89, 92-94, 96, 116, 127, 153 Mikhailov, Pyotr (Tsar Peter I), 181 military engineers, 118. See also fortifications; sieges military exercises, 28, 52 military expertise, 69, 113-15, 123, 135, 144, 148, 163 military hospitals, 95 military innovation, 6, 113-16, 151, 171-72, 176 Military Revolution, 6-7, 114-16 military theory, 28 militia (schutters), 42 Miloslavskaia, Mania, tsarina of Muscovy, 29-30 241 Miloslavskaia, Sofiia, regent of Muscovy, 30-31, 159-60, 163, 169-70 Miloslavskii, Iľia Danilovich, 28, 69, 115, 133, 135, 141, 176, 182 mining, 99, 100, 145, 155, 163 Modem World System (Immanuel Wallerstein), 6, 7 modernisation, 6-7, 113-14, 116, 124, 145, 149, 163-64, 171-72, 176, 182, 194, 197, 206 Moedernegotie. See mother trade Moguls
(Mughals), 104 Monahan, Erika, 7 money (need for, cash), 5, 59, 61, 92, 94, 100, 102, 131, 140, 147-48, 154, 169, 189, 197 Mongolians (Tatars), 23-24, 36-38 monopolies, 25, 27, 44, 81, 86-87, 89, 131, 165 morality. See ethics morskoi ustav (Zeevaartreglement), 1, 117 Moscow, vii, xi, 2, 5, 7, 10, 21, 23-25, 27-31, 38-39, 42, 44-45, 51, 55, 57, 59, 62-64, 67-71, 74-82, 86-87, 89, 91-98, 105-11, 114-15,117, 121-25, 127-29, 133-37, 139, 143^14, 14749, 152-55, 158-62, 164-65, 170, 175-77, 181, 183, 188-90, 204, 206 Moscow riots (of 1648), 29, 133 Moscow riots (of 1682), 30 Mosely, Philip E., ix moskovskie inozemtsy, 80, 82, 122 mother trade (moedernegotie), 8, 14, 21,68 Moucheron, Balthasar de, 25-26, 42-44, 46, 48 Moucheron, Cos(i)mo de, 82, 114 Moucheron, Maria de, 101 Moucheron, Melchior de, 25-26, 44 Moucheron, de, family, 25-26, 44, 101-102 Moulin, Karel (Cari) du, 55-57, 73, 81-82, 90, 98, 102, 114, 124, 204
242 Muliukin, A.S., 2 Muller, Werner, 155 Miinster, 29-30, 88, 118, 133 Muscovy Company (English), 3, 12-13, 25-26, 39, 41-45, 49, 57-58, 67-68, 83, 166-67 musketeers. See streľtsy muskets, 113, 188 Muslims, 148^49 musea, 195, 207 Musch, Cornells, 56 mutinies, 41, 202 Naarden, Bruno, xiii, 6, 101-102 Napoléon I, Emperor of the French, 1, 3, 205 narod, 179 Narva, 8, 9, 25-26, 30, 41^44, 48, 63, 78, 86, 118, 189 Naryshkin family, 183 Naryshkina, Natal’ia, 30 Nassau, Imperial county, 56-57 nationalism, 172. See also loyalty; Dutch national identity; Russian national identity natural environment, 45. See also climate naval stores, 27, 130, 187. See also tar; wood naval warfare, 101, 105, 116-17, 193-94 navy, 101, 105, 116-17, 164, 177, 193-94 Nazis, 202-203 nemets (pi. nemtsy), 62, 121-22 nemetskaia sloboda (foreigners’ or German suburb near Moscow), 29, 62, 121-26, 145, 154 nepotism, 56. See also networks; patronage Netherlands, Kingdom of, vii, 3-6, 201-202 network (communication), 35-36 networks (social), 7, 43, 46, 56-57, 97, 116, 131, 147, 155-56, 162, 166, 175-77, 204 index Neverov, Mikhail, 74-75 New Commercial Statute (Novotorgovyi Ustav, 1667), 9, 29, 105, 127-32, 134, 136, 144 New York (city), ix, xi, 104, 149, 202 newspapers, 7, 10, 63, 82, 139, 144, 154, 202. See also kuranty Nicholas I, Russian tsar, 201 Nicholas II, Russian tsar, 202 Nieuwe Vestingbouw (Coehoom), 114 Nijinsky, Vaclav, 206 Nikitin, Afanasii, 24 Nikon (Nikita Minin), Russian patriarch, 9, 29, 101, 105, 122, 125 Nine Years’ War (War of the League of Augsburg, 1688-1697), 31, 131, 157, 184 nobility,
28, 32, 35-6, 61-62, 70, 75, 83, 86, 94, 107, 115, 129, 134, 143, 152-53, 161-62, 170, 183, 189 Noordsche Compagnie, 27 Noort, Olivier van, 46 Nordermann, Konrad, 94, 155 North America, 149 North Cape, 39, 190 North and East Tartary (Witsen), 31, 60, 109, 160, 164, 206 north-east passage, 3, 25, 39, 43 North Sea, 63, 68, 106-107, 115, 129, 152, 157, 164, 193 northern searoute (to Indies). See north east passage Norway, 26, 193. See also Denmark notaries, 83, 139, 153 Novgorod, 8, 23-24, 37-39, 43^14, 62-63, 118, 133 Nijmegen, 30, 156, 178 Oblomov (Goncharov), 124, 126 officers (army, navy), 28, 45, 82, 88, 95, 113, 115-16, 123-24, 129, 143, 148, 154, 176-77, 193-94, 197 Oka, 29, 116 Old Believers (staroobriadtsy), 29 Oldebamevelt, Johan van, 76
Index Olearius (Öhlschlager), Adam, 28, 60, 65, 93, 109, 116 oligarchy, 108 operation theatres, 6 oprichnina, 43 Orange, principality, 156 Orange-Nassau dynasty, 3, 26, 28-29, 56, 67, 70, 104, 107, 152, 170, 201-202 Ordin-Nashchokin, Afanasii, 107, 137, 140, 144, 183, 185 Ordin-Nashchokin, (Nashchokin), Bogdan, 29, 107, 109-10, 133 Orienko, S. P., 6 Orthodoxy (Russian), 25, 37-38, 63, 80-82, 105, 122, 124, 148-49, 154, 163, 165, 172 Oryol. See Eagle Os, Direk van, 26, 43, 46 Ottoman Empire, 1, 23-24, 29-31, 38, 52-53, 69, 73, 86, 100, 103-104, 117, 137-38, 141, 148-19, 151, 157, 159-60, 169-71, 173, 176, 181, 184 Overijssel, 28, 31, 118, 161 Pacific, 9, 160 pacifism, 89, 202 Paludanus (ten Broecke), Bernhard (Berent), 93, 98 Paludanus, Hiob (Job), 92-93, 96-97 paper, 101, 171, 189 Parker, Geoffrey, 7 Parliament (English), 110, 167 Parma, Duke of (Alexander Farnese), 43 patriarch of Constantinople, 38 patriciate (Dutch). See regents patronage, 56, 162. See also networks Paul, Michael, 114 Paulsen, Zakhar (Arendt), 99, 102 Pauw, Reinier, 73-74, 97 Pauw, Reinier Rooclaes, 92-93, 96-97 Pavlov, Elisei, translator, 93 Pavlova, Anna, 206 Pax Mongolica, 37 Peace of Münster, 29, 88, 118,133 243 Peace of Nijmegen, 30, 156 Peace of Utrecht, 9, 32, 105, 183 Peace of Westphalia. See Peace of Münster peasants, 37, 45-46 peers, 107 Pekarskii, P., 1 Perestroika, 203 Persian Gulf, 189 Peter I (Alekseevich) the Great, tsar of Russia, xi, 1, 3, 5-6, 9-10, 14-15, 26, 30-32, 52-53, 63, 69, 88, 91, 94-99, 102, 106, 109, 114, 116-17, 121-24, 130-31, 139, 143-45, 149, 152, 155-99, 204-206 Peters,
Marion, xiii, 6 pharmacists. See apothecary Philip II, king of Spain (as Philip V, Duke of Burgundy), 25, 70 Philip III (the Good), duke of Burgundy, 23, 36, 38, 40 Philip IV (the Fair), duke of Burgundy, 24 Phillips, E. J., 6, 114 Phipps, Geraldine, 6 photographs, vii physicians. See medical doctors; surgeons pistols, 113 Plakkaat van Verlatinghe. See Act of Abjuration Platonov, S. F., 2 play regiments. See poteshnye voiska/polki Plokhy, Serhii, 40 plunder, 48, 50, 109 Poe, Marshall, 16 poison, 91 Poland-Lithuania, 7, 9, 23, 25, 27-30, 37-39, 46-48, 51-52, 55, 68, 74, 76-77, 85, 87-89, 93, 100, 103, 105, 107-108, 114-16, 125, 135, 137-38, 140, 151, 159-60, 170, 175 Polish-Lithuanians. See PolandLithuania
244 Index Polivanov, Russian diplomat, 29 Polovtsov, Aleksandr, 2 Pomerania, 188 pontonniers, 201 poorter (tax-paying citizen of Dutch city), 187 pope (Catholic pontiff), 76, 159 Poppen, Amsterdam trading family, 46 population (general, mass), 23-24, 29, 35-36, 45, 53, 70, 96, 122 Porter, Roy, 95 Portugal, 104 posoľskii prikaz (Russian foreign office), 7, 74, 97, 138, 144, 172, 183 Posselt, Moritz, 118, 124, 174 postal service. See mail; postmaster postmaster (-general), 63, 101, 137, 158, 163, 166 potash, 27, 41, 45, 88, 130, 137, 188 poteshnye voiska/polki (Peter I’s play regiments), 171-72, 174, 176 Potop (“deluge”), 104 poverty, 70 Prague, 76 Pravda, 202 Premier League (Russian soccer), 203 printing, 1, 7-8, 10, 19, 28, 35-36, 38,49, 59-61,73, 82, 109, 115, 136, 163, 166, 172, 187, 189, 195, 205-206 Prokofiev, Sergei, 206 propaganda, 171 prospecting, 100, 145, 155, 163 protectionism. See mercantilism Protestants, 1, 63, 68, 92, 123-25, 162, 170. See also Anglicanism; Anabaptists; Calvinists; Lutherans; Mennonites Prozorovskii, Pyotr, 107 Prozorovskii Embassy, 106-107 Prussia, 52, 104, 151, 158-59, 181 Prussians (extinct Baltic people), 36 Pskov, 23-24, 37-39 puritanical, 162 Purmerend, 26 Pushkin, Aleksandr, 178, 206 Pustozer’sk, 30, 183 Putin, Vladimir, 5, 8 quackery. See medicine quarantine, 96 Qing dynasty, 31, 104, 160 Raeck, Govert van der, 100,102 Rákóczi, György, 104 Rampjaar (“Year of Disaster”, 1672), 9, 30, 51, 152-53 ransoming, 157, 169 Raptschinsky, Boris, 4, 13 Razin, Stenka (Stepan), 4, 30, 116-17, 137, 143, 145, 153, 165, 205 Recorder {Griffier), 56 Red
Square, 31, 94, 155 regents (Russian), 30-1, 69, 169. See also Softia regents (Dutch), 43, 56, 58, 70, 75, 77, 97, 101, 108, 110, 151-56, 160, 165, 182, 205 Reger, William, 6, 114-15 religion (identity, role of), 36, 89, 106, 123, 147-48, 162-63. See also Anabaptism; Arminians; Calvinism; Catholicism; Gomarists; Old Believers; Orthodoxy; Muslims; Protestantism Rembrandt van Rijn, 102, 104 renegades, 149. See also Boekhoven (Filips Albrecht van); Winius Republic of Letters, 109 Reve, Karel van het, 4, 13, 203 RGADA. See Archive of Ancient Acts Rhineland, 157 rich trade, 41 Richter, W.M. von, 1 Riga, 9, 41, 43, 48, 63, 80, 86, 97, 101, 108-109, 118, 137, 189-90 Ringen, Hendrik van, 58, 114 Riurik dynasty, 209 Robinson, Geroid Tanquaray, ix Rodenburg(h), Jan Comelis van, 114
Index Romanov, Ivan Nikitich, 77 Romanov dynasty, xi, 2, 4, 56, 63, 79, 88, 96, 99, 105, 202. See also Mikhail; Aleksei; Filaret; Fyodor Ш; Peter; Ivan V; Alexander I; Nicholas I; Nicholas II Rome, 136, 138, 181 Romodanovskii, Fyodor, 181 Romswinckel, Matthias, 155 Roonaer, Anthony Goriszoon, 176 Roonaer, Jacobus Goriszoon, 176 Roonaer family, 176 Roosevelt family, 149 ropeworks, 82 Rubroeck (Ruysbroeck), Willem van, 23, 36-37 Rumpf, Christiaan, 162 Rusland en de Nederlanden (Schehema), З Russian Academy of Sciences, 32, 171, 177, 195 Russian Federation, 5, 7-8, 20, 92, 203-204 Russian flag, 1, 10 Russian identity, 62-63, 154-55, 16162, 164, 177-78. See also loyalty Russian language, 12, 21, 44-45, 139, 152, 154, 163 Russians, in Dutch eyes, 21, 59-63, 161-62 Russo-Swedish War of 1656-1658, 29, 136 Russo-Turkish War of 1676-1681, 30, 69, 114, 137, 159, 166, 176, 229 Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774, 1 Ruts, David Nicolaeszoon, 102, 114 Ruts family, 57, 99, 101-102. See also Sweeden Ruysch, Frederick, 189 Rzeczpospolita. See Poland-Lithuania sailing, 13, 28-31, 41, 43, 46, 49, 73, 75, 77, 83, 86, 97, 99, 108, 116-17, 135, 138, 143-44, 163, 171, 190 245 sailors, 1, 28-31, 39, 93-94, 101, 117, 125, 135, 138, 143, 153, 160, 169, 193-94 Saint Michael the Archangel, 43 Saint Petersburg (Russia), 4, 9, 13, 20, 31, 77, 97, 122, 188-90, 193, 198, 205 Salingen, Simon van, 25, 42 saltpeter (potassium nitrate), 27, 45, 86, 206 Samoyeds, 59 sanctuary, 94 Santa Profetie, 163 Sarai, 36 Scandinavia. See Denmark; Norway; Sweden Scania (territory in south Sweden), 29, 159 Scanian War
(1675-1679), 29, 159 Schade, Hans, 5 Scheltema, Jacob, 3, 110, 206 schools. See education Schoonebeeck, Adriaan, 163, 195 Schumacher, Johann Daniel, 177 schutters. See militia science, 6, 31-32, 95, 109, 155, 160, 162-63, 171, 177, 182-83, 195 Scotland, 52, 148 Scots, 7, 31, 45, 63, 89, 92, 115-16, 121, 123, 138, 175, 177 seafaring regulations. See Morskoi ustav Seba, Albert, 189 seclusion of women, 154 Second World War, 4-5, 202-203 serfs, 46, 53 servants, 53, 63, 109, 124-25, 136, 145 Seville, 39 Sevsk, 95 Shamin, Stepan, 6 shamkal, Caucasian ruler, 143 Shein, Mikhail Borisovich, 86, 90 Shields-Kollmann, Nancy, 8 ship’s captains, 44, 49, 117, 143 ship’s masts, 119, 130
246 Index shipwrights, 28-31, 93, 101, 116-17, 135, 160 shogun, 104 Siberia, 6-7, 9, 25-26, 29, 59-60, 63, 100, 105, 109, 130, 159-60, 164, 206 Siberian Office (Sibirskii Prikaz), 100 Siege of Vienna (1683), 31, 138, 159, 184 sieges, 30-31, 41, 49, 114-17, 138, 149, 159, 163, 176, 178, 184 Sigismund ΙΠ Wasa, king of Poland, grand duke of Lithuania, 51 silk, 73-74, 78-80, 82, 87-88, 93, 105, 116, 129, 152, 171 silver, 39, 125, 129, 145, 184. See also bullion slave trade, 104, 108 slavery, 57, 153, 156 Slavic studies, 4-6, 8-9, 12, 203 slobodas, 122. See also nemetskaia sloboda Smolensk War, 28, 90, 114-15, 117, 145 smuggling, 47, 127 Smutnoe vremya (Smuta). See Time of Troubles soldiers, 24, 51, 53, 61, 87, 89, 94, 117-18, 145, 148, 176,201 Solov’ev (Soloviev), S. M., 1 Sont. See Sound (Danish) Souhay, Elisabeth, 176-77 Souhay, François, 28, 176, 178 Sound (Danish), 68, 193 Sound toll, 68, 193 South America, 39, 104 southern Netherlands, 8, 24-27, 43, 46, 50, 52, 73. See also Antwerp; Artois; Belgium; Brabant; Flanders; Hainault Soviet POWs (Second World War), 202 Soviet Red Army, 202 Soviet Union, vii, ix, xi, 2-8, 14, 16, 202-203, 207 Spain, 10, 25-28, 31-32, 38, 41^4-2, 52, 69, 78, 89, 103,106, 115, 118, 138, 154, 183, 194 spaľnik, 172 Spanish Fury (1576), 41, 46 Spanish Netherlands. See southern Netherlands Spanish silver fleet, 39 spices, 41, 44 Spies, Marijke, 12 Spränger, Gommert, 86, 114 Sri Lanka, 104 Stanislavsky, Konstantin, 206 staple, 26, 35 state (government), 4, 10, 21, 23, 28, 32, 39,44, 46, 51-52, 55-57, 62-63, 67-69, 80-81, 87, 89, 91, 98, 100, 107, 109,
124, 127-29, 133-34, 136-37, 147, 161, 169, 171, 183-84, 203, 207 See also d’iak; EstatesGeneral; tsar state, strength of, 51-53 State Department (US), 153 Stavoren, 26 Stellingwerff, Arent Claeszoon van, 91-92, 96-97 Stellingwerff, Jacob Arentszoon van, 91, 94, 96-97 Stockholm, 71, 75, 77, 89, 135, 161-62 Stoltz (Goncharov), 124 Strahlenberg, Philip Johann von, 160, 166 Stravinsky, Igor, 206 strel’tsy, 30-31, 137,181, 183 Stroganov family, 25-26, 42 Struys, Jan Janszoon, 5, 7, 14, 16, 30, 60, 117, 125, 143-44, 153-54, 205 Stuart dynasty, 29-31, 107, 110, 132, 148 Sublime Porte. See Ottoman Empire sultan, of Ottoman empire, 73, 104, 138, 148, 151, 169 surgeons, 92-96, 100, 144, 160 Surinam, 57, 104, 156 Surinam Society, 156 Swaen, Thomas de, 102, 114 Sweden, 7, 9, 25, 27, 29-32,48, 52, 67֊ 69, 71, 74, 76-77, 86,100, 103-105,
Index 137-38, 151-52, 158-59, 169-70, 172, 184, 188, 193, 201 Sweeden, Jan van, 29-30, 63, 80-81, 85,99-102, 106, 110, 116, 124, 134-35, 144-45, 147, 149, 161, 182, 189, 204-205 Sweeden, Suzanna van, 161 Sweeden-Ruts, Maria van, 99 Swellengrebel, Erdman, 113, 118 Swellengrebel, Heinrich, 118, 155 Switzerland, 175, 178 Synod of Dordt (Dordrecht), 76, 152 Tabbert, Egidius, 99 tar, 45, 82, 130, 137, 188 tariffs, 29, 56, 58, 80, 86, 128, 136, 147 Tatars, 23-24, 31, 38-39, 69, 100, 114, 125, 137, 143, 151, 157, 159-60, 170- 71, 176 Tavernier, Roger, 5 taxation, 29, 46, 55, 76, 80, 109, 128, 187 Tchaikovsky, P.I., 206 technology, 86, 114, 149, 151, 157, 171-72 Tensini, Octavio, 100, 102 Termu(o)nd(t), Jan van, 93-95, 143-45, 154, 205 Teutonic Knights, 37 Texel (island roadstead), 86, 202 textile, 82, 88, 99, 101, 189 texts, 2, 7, 18, 28, 50, 60-62, 109, 121 Thesingh, Jan, 161, 163, 187-88 Thesingh, Hendrik, 161, 187 Thirteen Years’ War, 28, 103, 115, 152, 204 Thirty Years’ War, 29, 68, 76, 103, 118 Thyret, Isolde, 8 timber. See wood Time of Troubles (Smuta), 27, 45—47, 55-56, 59, 63-64, 73-74, 92, 114, 127 Timmerman, Frans, 1, 3, 31, 95, 160, 162-65, 170, 188, 205 tobacco, 63, 123 247 tolerance, 26, 30, 68 tolls, 26, 55, 68, 77, 80, 193 Tolstoi, Lev, 206 Tolstoi, P. A., 7 Torbay, 31, 170 torgovaia kniga, 21 torture, 91 Tot’ma, 56 trade, 3, 4, 6, 8-Ю, 12-14, 20-21, 2329, 35-50, 56-59, 62, 67-69, 73-91, 96-97, 100-10, 116, 124, 127-36, 144, 148-49, 152-53, 155-56, 160-67, 171, 176, 178, 182, 184-85, 189-91, 197-99, 102, 205. See also bulk trade; Iran; merchants; rich trade;
tariffs; tolls; trading privileges trading privileges, 47, 55, 58, 67, 73, 76-77, 79-80, 128. See also monopolies; tariffs translators, 2, 75, 93, 100, 136, 139-40, 144, 153-54, 158, 163, 204. See also Asperen; Vinius transport routes, 35, 55, 73, 79, 85, 88, 93, 105, 116, 138 Transylvania, 104 travel accounts, 6, 16, 18, 59-60, 123. See also Bruin; Coyett; Danckaert; Fletcher; Goeteeris; Ides; Jenkinson; Olearius; Struys Treaty of Copenhagen (1660), 29, 68 Treaty of Dover, 137 Treaty of Kardis, 136 Treaty of Karlowitz, 31, 157, 170 Treaty of Nerchinsk, 31, 160 Treaty of Nijmegen, 30, 156, 178 Treaty of Nystadt, 32 Treaty of the Pyrenees, 103 Treaty of Ryswyck, 31, 157, 170, 184 Treaty of Štolbovo, 27, 76 Treaty of Utrecht, 9, 32, 105, 183 Treaty of Westminster (1654), 29 Treaty of Westminster (1674), 30 Trip, Elias, 85-86, 89, 102, 108, 114 Triple Alliance (Republic-SwedenBritain), 137
248 Tromp, Cornells, 193 Troyen, Jeroen van, 155 Truce of Andrusovo, 9, 29, 105, 160 Truce of Deulino, 27, 77, 89 Tsvetaev, D., 1 Tuchthuys (Amsterdam prison), 59 Tuia, 28, 82, 85, 99-100 Turgenev, Nikolai, 206 Turkey. See Ottoman Empire Turks. See Ottoman Empire turners, 189 Tver’, 24 Twelve Year Truce, 27, 152 Index Ugra, 24 Uhlenbeck, C. C., 4, 12 Ukraine, 29-31, 37, 159-60, 207 Ukraintsev, Emeľian, dumnyì ďiak, 137-38, 141, 154, 157-58, 169, 178, 182 Ulozhenie, 29, 127 United Kingdom. See Great Britain United States of America, 54-56, 149 University of Amsterdam, 4, 203 University of North Carolina at Greensboro, vii, ix Unkovskaya, M., 94 Ural mountains, 160 Ural (laik) river, 160 urbanisation, 35 Ushakov, Stepan, 67-69, 182 Ustrialov, N. V., 1, 13 usury, 56 Utrecht (city), 9, 105, 161, 183 Utrecht (province), 28, 32 Utrecht University, 4, 14 vats, 187 Veltdriel, Johan van, 28, 86-87, 89 Veluwenkamp, Jan-Willem, 5-6 Venice, 78, 86, 103, 138, 174, 181, 183 Vermeer, Johannes, 104 Verpootten, Philips, 100-102, 109 Vienna, 31, 67, 110, 138, 151, 156, 159, 161, 183-84, 201-202 Vinius, Andrei Andreevich, 3, 10-11, 28, 32, 63, 93,95, 98,100,116, 137-40, 144-45, 147, 149, 154-58, 160, 163-64, 166-67, 169-70, 172, 174, 178, 181, 194, 204-207 Vinius, Matvei Andreevich, 63 VOC ( Vereenighde Oostindische Compagnie, United East India Company), 27, 46, 50, 57, 79, 164, 182, 188, 193 Vogelaer, Daniël Marcuszoon de, 55 Vogelaer, Jan Marcuszoon de, 55, 97 Vogelaer, Joost de, 42, 48 Vogelaer, Marcus Marcuszoon de, 55 Vogelaer sr, Marcus de, 26, 46, 49, 55 Vogelaer (-Glissenberch),
Margaretha de, 42, 56 Vogelaer, de, family, 26, 28, 47, 55-57, 59, 80-81, 89, 99, 102, 124, 135, 166. See also Margaretha van Valckenburch Volga, 24-25, 30, 32, 36-37, 39, 74, 79, 87, 100, 105, 116, 145 Vologda, 87, 161 Vondel, Joost van den, 97 Voronin, Vladimir, 137, 184 Voznitsyn, Prokofii, dumnyi d’iak, 181 Vries, Jan de, 7 Valckenburg(c)h, Elisabeth van, 56 Val(c)kenburg(c)h, Margaretha (Margriet) van, 55-58, 90 value, 37, 41, 88-89, 154, 198 Vanderbilt family, 149 Vasily III, grand-duke of Russia, 24, 39 Vasily IV Shuiskii, tsar of Russia, 27 Waarheid, De, 202 Waegemans, Emanuel, 6 wages, 61, 113 Walle, Jacques van de, 42, 46, 48, 78, 83 Walle, Jan van de, 25-26, 42-44, 4850, 56, 78, 83, 204
Index Wallerstein, Immanuel, 6 Wallhausen, Johann Jacobi von, 115 Wallonia (French-speaking provinces of Netherlands), 26 Wapenhandelinghe, 115 War of the Reunions (1683-1684), 156 War of the Spanish Succession (17021713), 32, 52, 183-84 warehouse, 26, 55, 85, 117, 144, 165 warfare (manner of fighting), 6, 114-16, 118, 163, 175,204 warships, 189. See also navy Wasa dynasty, 51-52 watches, 171 Waterloo, 3 watermills, 171 waterpower, 171 waterways (inland), 35, 90 Waugh, Daniel, 6 wax, 88 weavers. See textile Weber, Max, 124, 148 weather, 90 West India Company, 27, 188 Westerkerk (Amsterdam), 161 Western Europe, 2-3, 6, 9, 10, 16, 2326, 29, 31-32, 37-39, 41^12, 45^16, 48,51,61-63, 74, 80, 82, 88, 92, 95-96, 100, 103, 109, 111, 113-16, 121-27, 130-31, 137, 139, 144-45, 148, 152, 154-55, 157-58, 160-64, 171, 175-76, 178-79, 181-84, 189, 193, 195, 197-98, 203 whale hunt (whaling), 27 White Sea, 1, 8, 25-27, 41-42, 44, 48, 81, 85, 130, 189 W1C (Westindische Compagnie, Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie, GWQ. See West India Company Willem (Willum), Paul de, 114 William I (Willem I van Oranje-Nassau, the Silent/i/e Zwijger, Guillaume le Taciturne), stadtholder, 26 249 William Π ( Willem II van OranjeNassau), stadtholder, 28 William Π of Orange-Nassau, king of the Netherlands, 3, 202 William ΙΠ ( Willem III van OranjeNassau), king-stadtholder, 30-32, 36, 52, 107, 138, 156-57, 170 wine, 41 Winius Jr, Andries. See Vinius Winius (Vinius), Andries Denijszoon, gosť, 28-29, 80-82, 85, 99-102, 134-35, 147^18, 164-65, 182, 189, 204 Winius, Deni(j)s Tjerkszoon, 165 Winterkoning, Filips,
25, 42 Witsen, Cornells Janszoon, 164 Witsen, Gerrit, 73, 77, 164 Witsen, Nicolaas Comeliszoon, 4, 6-7, 9, 13, 18-19, 28-31, 60, 63, 80, 101, 109, 111, 122-23, 154-56, 160, 16365, 167, 182, 189, 194, 203-207 Witsen family, 73, 164-65 Witsen Project, 203 Witsen’s diary, 4, 7, 9, 109, 164, 204-205 Witt, Cornells de, 30, 152 Witt, Johan de, (raadspensionaris), 30, 103-104, 108, ПО, 152 Wladimiroff, Igor, 6 women, seclusion of, 154 wood, 122 World System, 6 World War One. See First World War World War Two. See Second World War Wijk, Nicolaas van, 4, 12 Wijnroks, Eric, 5-6, 8, 41, 43-44, 47-48, 55, 68, 82-83, 87-88, 106, 131-32 xenophobia, 123, 127, 130 Yankees, 149 Yugoslavia, 203
250 Index Zaandam, 182 Zabelin, L, 1 Zaborovskii, Semyon, 67-68 Zandt, Christiaan, 6 Zee(Zea)land (province), 10, 23, 27-28, 31,43,75-76, 106, 118 Zeevaartreglement (morskoi ustav), 1, 117 Zhdanov University (Leningrad State University), 4 Zitser, Ernest, 6 Zoe (Sofia) Paleologos, 24 Zürich, 202 Zutphen, 37 Zwolle, 23, 37, 118 |
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| geographic | Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd Niederlande (DE-588)4042203-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Russland Niederlande |
| id | DE-604.BV047423520 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T17:57:24Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:11:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781793648587 9781793648600 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032826055 |
| oclc_num | 1277026270 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | xiii, 251 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20211013 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Lexington Books |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Boterbloem, Kees 1962- Verfasser (DE-588)134203879 aut Russia and the Dutch Republic, 1566-1725 a forgotten friendship Kees Boterbloem Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London Lexington Books [2021] © 2021 xiii, 251 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent sti rdacontent cri rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1566-1725 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Niederlande (DE-588)4042203-3 gnd rswk-swf Russia / Foreign relations / Netherlands Netherlands / Foreign relations / Russia Russia / Foreign relations / 1689-1801 Netherlands / Foreign relations / 1648-1714 Russia / History / Peter I, 1689-1725 Diplomatic relations Netherlands Russia 1648-1801 History Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Niederlande (DE-588)4042203-3 g Geschichte 1566-1725 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-79364-859-4 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032826055&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032826055&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032826055&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Boterbloem, Kees 1962- Russia and the Dutch Republic, 1566-1725 a forgotten friendship |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4076899-5 (DE-588)4042203-3 |
| title | Russia and the Dutch Republic, 1566-1725 a forgotten friendship |
| title_auth | Russia and the Dutch Republic, 1566-1725 a forgotten friendship |
| title_exact_search | Russia and the Dutch Republic, 1566-1725 a forgotten friendship |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Russia and the Dutch Republic, 1566-1725 a forgotten friendship |
| title_full | Russia and the Dutch Republic, 1566-1725 a forgotten friendship Kees Boterbloem |
| title_fullStr | Russia and the Dutch Republic, 1566-1725 a forgotten friendship Kees Boterbloem |
| title_full_unstemmed | Russia and the Dutch Republic, 1566-1725 a forgotten friendship Kees Boterbloem |
| title_short | Russia and the Dutch Republic, 1566-1725 |
| title_sort | russia and the dutch republic 1566 1725 a forgotten friendship |
| title_sub | a forgotten friendship |
| topic_facet | Russland Niederlande |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032826055&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032826055&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032826055&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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