A casebook on the Roman law of contracts:
'A Casebook on the Roman Law of Contracts' introduces students to the rich and influential body of Roman law concerning contracts between private individuals
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
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New York, NY
Oxford University Press
[2021]
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Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Zusammenfassung: | 'A Casebook on the Roman Law of Contracts' introduces students to the rich and influential body of Roman law concerning contracts between private individuals |
Beschreibung: | xxi, 538 Seiten |
ISBN: | 9780197573228 9780197573211 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Contents Preface for Students Acknowledgments xvii xxiii Major Jurists Cited in This Casebook (in Rough Chronological Order) Introduction to Roman Contract Law 1 Part A. The Praetor’s Edict and the Iudex 1 Part B. Two Legal Remedies: The Condictio and the Actions on Sale/Purchase 2 Part C. The Juristic Development of Contract Law 5 Part D. The Concept of Agreement (Consensus) 7 Part E. The Concept of Good Faith (Bona Fides) 9 Part E The Theory of “Cause” (Causa) 12 Part G. Obligation and Debt 14 Part H. Roman Contract Law and the Economy 17 Parti. From the Jurists to Justinian 22 Chapter I. Capacity to Contract 27 Case 1: Mental Capacity (Gaius, Inst. 3.106-109) 28 Case 2: Protecting Creditors of Wards (Paul, D. 18.5.7.1) 30 Case 3: The Creditor’s Position after Performing (Ulpian, D. 26.8.5 pr.-l) 32 Case 4: The Contracts of Young Adults (Ulpian, D. 4.4.1) 34 Case 5: The Tutelage of Aduk Women (Gaius, Inst. 1.190-191) 36 Chapter II. Stipulation: A Formal Contract Part A. Making a Stipulation 39 41 Case 6: The Challenge of Formalism (Gaius, Inst. 3.92-93; Ulpian, D. 45.1.1 pr.-2) 42 Case 7: Altering the Promise (Ulpian, D. 45.1.1.3-5) 46 Case 8: The Role of Agreement (Venuleius, D. 45.1.137.1; Paul, D. 45.1.83.1) 49 Case 9: The Weight of a Written Stipulation (Severus and Caracalla, C. 8.37.1; Ulpian D. 2.14.7.12) 51 Case 10: Stipulations to the Benefit of Third Parties (Gaius, Inst. 3.103-103a) 53 xxv
Part В. Interpreting a Stipulation 56 Case 11: General Principles (Ulpian, D. 50.17.34) 57 Case 12: Interpretation against the Stipulator (Celsus, D. 45.1.99 pr.-l) 59 Case 13: Preserving the Transaction (Ulpian, D. 45.1.80, and D. 45.1.41 pr.) 61 Case 14: “Women’s Clothing” (Pomponius, D. 45.1.110.1) 63 Case 15: Broad Construction (Pomponius, D. 45.1.111) 64 Case 16: Like-Named Farms (Javolenus, D. 45.1.106) 65 Case 17: Mistake about a Characteristic (Paul, D. 45.1.22) 66 Part C. Conditional Stipulations and the Theory of Cause (Causa) 67 Case 18: Impossible Conditions (Gaius, Inst. 3.98) 68 Case 19: Immoral Conditions (Celsus, D. 45.1.97.2; Javolenus, D. 45.1.107) 69 Case 20: Implied Conditions (Ulpian, D. 23.3.21, 23; Paul, D. 23.3.22) 71 Case 21: A Condition and a Deadline (Paul, D. 45.1.8) 73 Case 22: Obstructing a Condition (Ulpian, D. 50.17.161, 22.2.8) Part D. Execution and Impossibility 75 76 Case 23: Definite and Indefinite Stipulations (Ulpian, D. 45.1.75 pr.-2,5) 77 Case 24: Initially Impossible Stipulations (Gaius, Inst. 3.97-97a, 99; Venuleius, D. 45.1.137.4) 79 Case 25: Ensuing Legal Impossibility (Paul, D. 45.1.83.5) 81 Case 26: Ensuing Physical Impossibility (Paul, D. 45.1.37; Pomponius, D. 45.1.33) 84 Case 27: The Promissor’s Responsibility (Paul, D. 45.1.91 pr., 2) 85 Case 28: Persistence of the Obligation (Paul, D. 45.1.91.3) 87 Case 29: Early Payment (Ulpian, D. 12.6.17; Paul, D. 12.6.10; Pomponius, D. 12.6.16 pr.) 89 Case 30: Liability after Default (Proculus, D. 45.1.113.1; Ulpian, D. 45.1.114) 90 Case 31: Default and Partial Performance (Proculus, D.
45.1.113 pr.) 92 Case 32: A Building Contract (Venuleius, D. 45.1.137.3) 95 Case 33: A Bottomry Loan (Scaevola, D. 45.1.122.1) 96 Part E. Defenses against Liability under a Stipulation 99 Case 34: The Action on the Stipulation (Gaius, Inst. 4.136-137) Case 35: The Defense of Deceit and the Theory of Cause (Ulpian, D. 44.4.2.3) 102 vi Contents 100
Case 36: A Loan Not Provided; A Subsequent Pact (Gaius, Inst. 4.115-116b) 104 Case 37: Obstruction by the Promisee (Javolenus, D. 45.1.105) Case 38: The Defense of Non-Payment of Money (Caracalla, C. 4.30.3) 107 Part F. Some Special Types of Stipulation (Novation, Suretyship, etc.) 106 109 Case 39: Novation of Debt (Gaius, Inst. 3.176-177) 110 Case 40: A Secondary Stipulator (Gaius, Inst. 3.110-111) 112 Case 41: Suretyship (Justinian, Inst. 3.20 pr.-3) 113 Case 42: Accessory Nature of Suretyship (Ulpian, D. 46.1.8.7) 115 Case 43: Availability of Defense of Deceit to a Surety (Julian, D. 46.1.15 pr.) 116 Case 44: Liability of a Co-Surety (Gaius, Inst. 3.121-122) 117 Case 45: Recourse of the Surety against the Debtor (Ulpian, D. 17.1.6.2) 118 Case 46: Cession of Actions by the Creditor to the Surety (Paul, D. 46.1.36) 119 Case 47: Warranty in a Sales Agreement (Ulpian, D. 21.2.31) 120 Case 48: Penalty Clause for Not Executing a Contract (Venuleius, D. 46.5.11; Julian, D. 19.1.28) 122 Case 49: A Penalty Clause with a Tacit Condition (Paul, D. 19.2.54.1) 124 Part G. Other Types of Formal or Unilateral Promises 125 Case 50: Two Formal Oral Promises (Gaius, Institutionum Epitome 2.9.3-4) 126 Case 51: The “Literal” Contracts (Gaius, Inst. 3.128-130, 134) 128 Case 52: Informal Promises to Municipalities (Ulpian, D. 50.12.1 pr.-2,4) 130 Case 53: Reward for Information on a Thief (Pauli Sententiae 2.31.24) Chapter III. Contracts Created through Delivery ( Real Contracts՞) Part A. Gratuitous Loan for Consumption (Mutuum) 132 133 135 Case 54: Loan of Fungibles (Paul, D. 12,1.2 pr.-2;
Justinian, Inst. 3.14.2) 136 Case 55: Loan via Third Parties (Ulpian, D. 12.1.15) 139 Case 56: Loan through Sale of an Object (Ulpian, D. 12.1.11 pr.) Case 57: Stipulation to Give a Loan (Paul, D. 45.1.68) 143 Case 58: Agreement to Pay Back More than Was Lent (Ulpian, D. 12.1.11.D 145 141 Contents vii
Case 59: The Condictio and Over-Claiming (Gaius, Inst. 4.53-53Һ) 147 Case 60: Supplying Terms for Repayment (Julian, D. 12.1.22) 148 Case 61: The Senatus Consultum Macedonianum (Ulpian, D. 14.6.1 pr.) 149 Part B. Gratuitous Bailment: Deposit and Loan for Use (Commodatum) 151 Case 62: The Formulae for Deposit and Loan for Use (Commodatum) (Gaius, Inst. 4.47) 152 Case 63: Possession of the Object (Gaius, Inst. 4.153) 155 Case 64: Liability of the Holder (The Benefit Principle) (Ulpian, D. 13.6.5.2-3) 156 Case 65: Protecting against Damage by a Third Party (Ulpian, D. 19.2.41) 159 Case 66: The Depositary’s Duty to Restore (Ulpian, D. 16.3.1.23-25) Case 67: Expenses by the Holder (Modestinus, Collado 10.2.5, = D. 16.3.23) 162 Case 68: Conversion of a Deposit into a Mutuum (Ulpian, D. 12.1.9.9, 10) 164 Case 69: Irregular Deposit (Papinian, D. 16.3.24) 165 Case 70: Loan and Holding on Sufferance (Precarium) (Ulpian, D. 43.26.1) 168 Part C. Pledge (Pignus) 169 Case 71: Pledge as a Real Contract (Justinian, Inst. 3.14.4) 170 Case 72: Recovery of the Pledge (Ulpian, D. 13.7.9.3, 5; Gaius, D. 13.7.10) 172 Case 73: Agreement On Sale of the Pledge (Ulpian, D. 13.7.4) 174 Case 74: The Counterclaim (Ulpian, D. 13.7.25) 175 Case 75: Pledge and Hypothec Oustinian, Inst. 4.6.7) 177 Case 76: Mortgage (Fiducia) (Isidore, Etym. 5.25.21-24; Gaius, Inst. 2.60) 178 Chapter IV. Sale: A Contract Created through Informal Agreement Part A. Formation of a Sale 182 Section 1. Agreement on the Basic Elements of a Sale 183 Case 77: The Origins of Sale (Paul, D. 18.1.1 pr.) 184 Case 78: The Nature of
Agreement (Gaius, Inst. 3.135-137, 139) Case 79: Sale and Barter (Paul, D. 18.1.1.1) 188 Case 80: Mixed Sales (Javolenus, D. 18.1.79) 190 viii Contents 181 185 160
Case 81: Definiteness of Price (Ulpian, D. 18.1.7.1-2) 191 Case 82: Reality of Price (Ulpian,-D. 18.1.38) 193 Case 83: Fairness of Price (Paul, D. 19.2.22.3; Hermogenianus, D. 19.2.23) 195 Case 84: Saleable Objects (Paul, D. 18.1.34.1) 197 Case 85: Object Made by Seller (Pomponius, D. 18,1.20) 198 Case 86: Future Objects (Pomponius, D. 18.1.8) 200 Case 87: Sa!e from Stock (Gaius, D. 18.1.35.5-6) 202 Section 2. Defects in Agreement Case 88: Case 89: Case 90: Case 91: Case 92: 204 Mistake on a Basic Element of Sale (Ulpian, D. 18.1.9 pr.-l) Mistake on a Characteristic (Ulpian, D. 18.1.9.2, 11) 208 Shared Mistake (Ulpian, D. 18.1.14) 211 The Buyer’s Alertness (Paul, D. 18.1.15=1) 212 Fraud (Ulpian, D. 4.3.9 pr.) 213 Section 3. Impossibility 205 214 Case 93: Sale of Objects Not in Commerce (Modestinus, D. 18.1.62.1) 215 Case 94: Sale of a Free Man or a Stolen Object (Paul, D. 18.1.34.2-3) 216 Case 95: Sale of an Object Already Destroyed (Papinian, D. 18.1.58) 218 Section 4. Interpreting Agreements of Sale 219 Case 96: The Course of Negotiations (Labeo, D. 18.1.80.2) 220 Case 97: Interpreting a Condition (Julian, D. 18.1.41 pr.) 222 Case 98: Reasonability (Javolenus, D. 18.1.77) 223 Case 99: Interpretation against the Seller (Paul, D. 8.3.30) 224 Case 100: Supplying Reasonable Terms (Celsus, D. 19.1.38.2) 225 Case 101: Dispositive Provisions (Ulpian, D. 19.1.13.10-11, 13) 227 Section 5. Associated Pacts and Modification 228 Case 102: Pacts Incorporated into the Sale (Ulpian, D. 2.14.7.5) 229 Case 103: Pacts Made after the Sale (Papinian, D. 18.1.72 pr.) 231 Case 104: Rescinding
or Modifying a Sale (Ulpian, D. 2.14.7.6) 232 Case 105: Reserving Seller’s Right to Accept a Better Price (Ulpian, D. 18.2.2) 234 Case 106: Calling Off Sale If Price Is Not Paid (Pomponius, D. 18.3.2) 236 Case 107: Sale on Approval (Ulpian, D. 19.5.20 pr.-l) 237 Case 108: Condition of Tasting Wine (Ulpian, D. 18.6.4.1) 239 Case 109: Restricting Use of Object of Sale (Paul, D. 18.1.56) 240 Contents ix
Part В. Execution of a Sale 241 Section 1. Risk of Damage or Destruction Prior to Delivery 243 Case 110: Passage of Risk (Paul, D. 18.6.8 pr.) 244 Case 111 : ExpLaining the Passage of Risk (Justinian, Inst. 3.23.3) 247 Case 112: Risk in a Conditional Sale (Gaius, D. 18.1.35.7) 249 Case 113: The Seller’s Duty to Protect Object of Sale (Gaius, D. 18.1.35.4) 250 Case 114: Seller’s Fair Use of a Purchased Slave (Labeo, D. 19.1.54 pr.) 252 Case 115: Buyer’s Liability before Delivery (Ulpian, D. 19.1.13.22) 253 Section 2. Buyer s Default and Remedies Case Case Case Case Case Case 116: Determining Default (Mora) (Marcian, D. 22.1.32 pr.-2) 255 117: Buyer’s Failure to Take Delivery (Ulpian, D. 18.6.4.2) 257 118: Buyer’s Failure tö Fulfill a Condition (Ulpian, D. 18.6.1.3) 258 119: Buyer’s Failure to Pay Price (Hermogenianus, D. 18.6.20) 260 120: A Penalty Clause (Papinian, Fragmenta Vaticana 11) 261 121: Seller’s Right to Reclaim Object (Pomponius, D. 18.1.19) 262 Section 3. Seller s Default and Remedies Case Case Case Case Case 254 122: 123: 124: 125: 126: 263 Seller’s Failure to Deliver (Ulpian, D. 19.1.1 pr.) 264 Measuring the Buyer’s Interest (Paul, D. 19.1.21.3) 266 Failure to Deliver Wine (Pomponius, D. 19.1.3.3-4) 268 Effects of SeUer’s Default on Risk (Gordian, C. 4.48.4) 270 Purging Default (Pomponius, D. 18.6.18) 271 Section 4. Seller s Warranties for Lack of Right 272 Case 127: No Duty to Convey Ownership (Ulpian, D. 18.1.25.1) 273 Case 128: Delivery of Quiet Possession (Ulpian, D. 19.1.11.13) 275 Case 129: Liability Absent an Express Warranty (Javolenus, D. 21.2.60) 277
Case 130: Measuring Damages after Eviction (Julian, D. 21.2.8) 278 Case 131: Concealment, Warranties, and Disclaimers (Ulpian, D. 19.1.1.1) 280 Case 132: Liability Prior to Eviction (Africanus, D. 19.1.30.1) 282 Case 133: The Stipulation for Undisturbed Possession (Ulpian, D. 19.1.11.18) 283 Case 134: The Stipulation for Double (Pomponius, D. 21.2.16.1) 285 Case 135: The Express Warranty and Regional Custom (Gaius, D. 21.2.6) 287 x Contents
Case 136: Requiring the Stipulation for Double (Ulpian, D. 21.2.37 pr.-l) 288 Case 137: Implying the Warranty (Pauli Sententiae 2.17.1-2) 289 Section 5. Seller s Warranties for Defects 291 Case 138: Puffery and Express Warranties (Florentinus, D. 18.1.43) 292 Case 139: Concealment and Express Warranties (Gaius, D. 18.6.16) 294 Case 140: Remedies for Violating an Express-Warranty (Ulpian, D. 19.1.13.3-4) 295 Case 141: Non-Disclosure of a Beneficial Servitude (Pomponius, D. 18.1.66.1) 297 Case 142: Express and Implied Warranties (Pomponius, D. 19.1.6.4) 298 Case 143: Liability under the Aediles’ Edict (Ulpian, D. 21.1.1.1-2) 300 Case 144: The Soundness of Slaves (Ulpian, D. 21.1.1.8, 4.4) 303 Case 145: Implied Warranty of Merchantability (Ulpian, D. 19.1.13 pr.-2) 304 Case 146: Mistake and the Implied Warranty (Paul, D. 19.1.21.2) 306 Chapter V. Other Consensual Contracts: Problems in Execution Part A. Lease/Hire (Locatio Conductio) Section 1. Lease of a Dwelling 307 309 310 Case 147: Grounds for Expelling the Tenant (Caracalla, C. 4.65.3) 310 Case 148: Damages for Unjustified Expulsion (Labeo, D. 19.2.28.2) 313 Case 149: Justified Abandonment Because of Fear (Alfenus, D. 19.2.27.1)՛ 314 Case 150: Tenant Remedies If Dwelling Deteriorates (Gaius, D. 19.2.25.2) 316 Case 151: Deduction from Rent (Alfenus, D. 19.2.27 pr.) 317 Case 152: The Tacit Pledge of Furnishings (Ulpian, D. 43.32.1 pr-1; Neratius, D. 20.2.4) 318 Case 153: Tenant’s Liability for Damaging the Dwelling (Marcian, D. 20;2.2) 320 Case 154: Mitigation of Damages (Ulpian, D. 19.2.9 pr.) 322 Section 2. Lease of a
Farm 324 Case 155: Duties of the Landlord (Ulpian, D. 19.2.15 pr.-l) Case 156: Justified and Unjustified Expulsion (Gaius, D. 19.2.25.1) 326 324 Contents xi
Case Case Case Case 157: 158: 159: 160: Duties of the Tenant (Gaius, D. 19.2.25.3-5) 328 Useful Expenses (Scaevola, D . 19.2.61 pr.) 330 Remission of Rent (Ulpian, D. 19.2.15.2-3, 5, 7) 332 Holdover (Ulpian, D. 19.2.13.11) 334 Section 3. Lease of a Movable Object or a Slave 336 Case 161: Lessor’s Warranty against Defects (Ulpian, D. 19.2.19.1) Case 162: Leasing a Slave as a Muleteer (Ulpian, D. 19.2.60.7, 9.2.27.34) 338 Section 4. Performance of a Job; Employment 336 340 Case 163: Duties of the Contractor (Javolenus, D. 19.2.51.1) 340 Case 164: Moving a Column; Cleaning Clothes (Gaius, D. 19.2.25.7-8) 342 Case 165: Timely Completion (Labeo, D. 19.2.58.1) 344 Case 166: Approval and Risk (Labeo, D. 19.2.62; Florentinus, D. 19.2.36) 345 Case 167: Cost Overruns (Labeo, D. 19.2.60.4) 348 Case 168: “Lease” of One’s Own Labor (Paul, D. 19.2.38 pr.-l) 350 Part B. Partnership (Societas) 352 Case 169: Contributions, Profit, and Loss (Gaius, Inst. 3.148-150) 354 Case 170: The Common Fund (Ulpian, D. 17.2.58 pr.-l) 357 Case 171: The Standard of Conduct for Partners (Ulpian, D. 17.2.52.1-3) 359 Case 172: Liability for One’s Slaves (Ulpian, D. 17.2.23.1) 362 Case 173: Compensation for Partnership Debts (Paul, D. 17.2.27) 363 Case 174: Compensation for Expenses (Ulpian, D. 17.2.52.4) 365 Case 175: Ending a Partnership (Gaius, Inst. 3.151-154) 367 Case 176: Untimely Renunciation (Paul, D. 17.2.65.3-5) 369 Part C Mandate (Mandatum) 372 Case 177: “On the Mandator’s Behalf (Gaius, Inst. 3.155-156, 162) 373 Case 178: The Duty to Perform the Mandate (Ulpian, D. 17.1.6.1-2) 376 Case 179: The
Standard of Performance (Ulpian, D. 17.1.8.9-10) 378 Case 180: Overstepping the Mandate (Gaius, Inst. 3.161) 380 Case 181: Claims of the Mandatary (Ulpian, D. 17.1.12.9) 382 Case 182: Limits on the Mandatary’s Claims (Paul, D. 17.1.26.6-7) 384 Case 183: Training a Slave (Paul, D. 17.1.26.8) 386 Case 184: The Honorarium (Ulpian, D. 11.6.1 pr., 50.13.1.10) 388 xii Contents
Chapter VI. Filling in the Gaps: Contracts Created Through One Party s Performance 391 Part A. Boundary Problems in Roman Contract Law 392 Case 185: Sale or Lease? (Gaius, Inst. 3.145-147) Case 186: Brokerage (Ulpian, D. 19.3.1) 395 Part B. Half-Executed Contracts of Exchange 392 397 Case 187: Exchange and the Theory of Causa (Ulpian, D. 2.14.7 pr.-2, 4, 5) 397 Case 188: Excavating Clay; Sowing a Field (Pomponius, D. 19.5.16 pr.-l) 400 Case 189: Approval; Sharing Oxen (Ulpian, D. 19.5.17.2-3) 402 Case 190: A Complex Loan (Africanus, D. 19.5.24) 404 Case 191: Alternative Remedies (Paul, D. 19.5.5.1) 406 Case 192: Standards of Performance (Paul, D. 19.5.5.1-2, 19.4.2) 407 Chapter VII. Third-Party Rights and Responsibilities Part A. Sons and Slaves 409 410 Case 193: Liability of Sons for Their Contracts (Ulpian, D. 5.1.57) 411 Case 194: Transactions Ordered by the Paterfamilias (Gaius, Inst. 4.70) 412 Case 195: The Nature of an Order (Ulpian, D. 15.4.1.1-2, 6) 413 Case 196: The Peculium (Justinian, Inst. 4.6.10) 415 Case 197: The Action on the Peculium (Gaius, Inst. 4.72a-73) 417 Case 198: Liability Despite a Prohibition to Contract (Paul, D. 15.1.47 pr.) 419 Part B. The Manager of a Business (Institor) 421 Case 199: LiabiUty for Contracts of an Institor (Gaius, Inst. 4.71; Pauli Sent. 2.8.1-2) 422 Case 200: Liability of the Manager (Ulpian, D. 14.1.1 pr.) 424 Case 201: Contracts within the Scope of Authorization (Ulpian, D. 14.3.5.11-15) 425 Case 202: Liability of Third Parties to the Principal (Ulpian, D. 14.3.1; Gaius, D. 14.3.2) 428 Part C. The Supervisor (Procurator) 430
Case 203: The Procurator (Ulpian, D. 3.3.1 pr.-l) 431 Contents xiii
Case 204: Acquiring Property for the Principal (Neradus, D. 41.1.13; Ulpian, D. 41.2.42.1) 434 Case 205: Contracting for the Principal (Papinian, D. 14.3.19 pr., 3.3.67) 436 Case 206: Liability of Third Parties to the Principal (Ulpian, D. 19.1.13.25) 438 Case 207: Compensation (Papinian, D. 17.1.7; Ulpian, D. 17.1.10.9) Case 208: Extension of the Theory (Papinian, D. 3.5.30 pr.) 441 Part D. Transfer of Contract Rights and Duties to Third Parties 439 442 Case 209: Ordering My Debtor to Pay My Creditor (Paul, D. 46.3.64) 443 Case 210: Mandate to My Banker to Pay My Debt (Scaevola, D. 2.14.47.1) 445 Case 211: Delegating Obligation for a Debt Owed by Me (Ulpian, D. 46.2.11; Gaius, Inst. 2.38-39) 448 Case 212: Appointing a Procurator for a Lawsuit (Gaius, Inst. 4.84) 450 Case 213: Assigning a Debt to Your Procurator (Ulpian, D. 3.3.55, 2.14.16 pr.) 452 Case 214: Delegation vs. Mandate to a Creditor (Gordian, C. 8.41.3) 454 Case 215: Cession of Actions against Co-Sureties (Julian, D. 46.1.17; Modestinus, D. 46.1.39) 456 Chapter VIII. Quasi-Contract 459 Part A. Unauthorized Administration of Another s Affairs (Negotiorum Gestio) Case 216: The Invention of Quasi-Contract (Gaius, D. 44.7.5 pr., 3; Justinian, Inst. 3.27 pr.) 461 Case 217: The Reason for the Actions on Unauthorized Administration (Ulpian, D. 3.5.1; Gaius, D. 3.5.2) 464 Case 218: Benefit to the Recipient (Ulpian, D. 3.5.9.1; Celsus, D. 17.1.50 pr.) 467 Case 219: Benefit the Recipient Does Not Want (Justinian, C. 2.18.24) 470 Case 220: Mistake as to the Beneficiary (Ulpian, D. 3.5.44.2) 472 Case 221: Benefit to Oneself
(Ulpian, D. 3.5.5.5) 474 Case 222: The Intent to Seek Compensation for Expenses (Alexander, C. 2.18.11) 476 Case 223: Standards of Care in Administering Another’s Affairs (Pomponius, D. 3.5.10) 477 Case 224: Administering the Affairs of a Deceased Debtor (Paul, D. 3.5.12) 479 xiv Contents 460
Part В. Unjustified Enrichment (The Condictio) 481 Case 225: Payment by Mistake (Garus, Inst. 3.91) 482 Case 226: Requirements: Mistake (Ulpian, D. 12.6.1.1; Paul, D. 22.3.25 pr.-l) 485 Case 227: Requirements: A Transaction and the Transfer of Property (Julian, D. 12.6.33) 487 Case 228: Requirements: Absence of a Basis for Retention of Benefit (Papinian, D. 12.6.66; Ulpian, D. 12.7.1) 489 Case 229: Subsequent Failure of Cause (Ulpian, D. 12.7.2; Ulpian, D. 19.1.11.6) 491 Case 230: Misunderstanding about the Basis of a Transaction (Ulpian, D. 12.1.18) 494 Case 231: Frustration of Purpose (Celsus, D. 12.4.16) 496 Case 232: Dowry for an Incestuous Marriage (Papinian, D. 12.7.5) 497 Case 233: Extent of Recovery and Change of Position (Paul, D. 12.6.65.5-8) 499 Case 234: Unowed Services by a Freedman (Ulpian, D. 12.6.26.12) 501 Case 235: Tracing the Benefit (Diocletian and Maximian, C. 4.26.7 pr.-l, 3) 503 Glossary 505 Short Biographies of the Jurists Suggested Further Reading Index of Passages Cited 513 519 525 Contents xv
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Contents Preface for Students Acknowledgments xvii xxiii Major Jurists Cited in This Casebook (in Rough Chronological Order) Introduction to Roman Contract Law 1 Part A. The Praetor’s Edict and the Iudex 1 Part B. Two Legal Remedies: The Condictio and the Actions on Sale/Purchase 2 Part C. The Juristic Development of Contract Law 5 Part D. The Concept of Agreement (Consensus) 7 Part E. The Concept of Good Faith (Bona Fides) 9 Part E The Theory of “Cause” (Causa) 12 Part G. Obligation and Debt 14 Part H. Roman Contract Law and the Economy 17 Parti. From the Jurists to Justinian 22 Chapter I. Capacity to Contract 27 Case 1: Mental Capacity (Gaius, Inst. 3.106-109) 28 Case 2: Protecting Creditors of Wards (Paul, D. 18.5.7.1) 30 Case 3: The Creditor’s Position after Performing (Ulpian, D. 26.8.5 pr.-l) 32 Case 4: The Contracts of Young Adults (Ulpian, D. 4.4.1) 34 Case 5: The Tutelage of Aduk Women (Gaius, Inst. 1.190-191) 36 Chapter II. Stipulation: A Formal Contract Part A. Making a Stipulation 39 41 Case 6: The Challenge of Formalism (Gaius, Inst. 3.92-93; Ulpian, D. 45.1.1 pr.-2) 42 Case 7: Altering the Promise (Ulpian, D. 45.1.1.3-5) 46 Case 8: The Role of Agreement (Venuleius, D. 45.1.137.1; Paul, D. 45.1.83.1) 49 Case 9: The Weight of a Written Stipulation (Severus and Caracalla, C. 8.37.1; Ulpian D. 2.14.7.12) 51 Case 10: Stipulations to the Benefit of Third Parties (Gaius, Inst. 3.103-103a) 53 xxv
Part В. Interpreting a Stipulation 56 Case 11: General Principles (Ulpian, D. 50.17.34) 57 Case 12: Interpretation against the Stipulator (Celsus, D. 45.1.99 pr.-l) 59 Case 13: Preserving the Transaction (Ulpian, D. 45.1.80, and D. 45.1.41 pr.) 61 Case 14: “Women’s Clothing” (Pomponius, D. 45.1.110.1) 63 Case 15: Broad Construction (Pomponius, D. 45.1.111) 64 Case 16: Like-Named Farms (Javolenus, D. 45.1.106) 65 Case 17: Mistake about a Characteristic (Paul, D. 45.1.22) 66 Part C. Conditional Stipulations and the Theory of Cause (Causa) 67 Case 18: Impossible Conditions (Gaius, Inst. 3.98) 68 Case 19: Immoral Conditions (Celsus, D. 45.1.97.2; Javolenus, D. 45.1.107) 69 Case 20: Implied Conditions (Ulpian, D. 23.3.21, 23; Paul, D. 23.3.22) 71 Case 21: A Condition and a Deadline (Paul, D. 45.1.8) 73 Case 22: Obstructing a Condition (Ulpian, D. 50.17.161, 22.2.8) Part D. Execution and Impossibility 75 76 Case 23: Definite and Indefinite Stipulations (Ulpian, D. 45.1.75 pr.-2,5) 77 Case 24: Initially Impossible Stipulations (Gaius, Inst. 3.97-97a, 99; Venuleius, D. 45.1.137.4) 79 Case 25: Ensuing Legal Impossibility (Paul, D. 45.1.83.5) 81 Case 26: Ensuing Physical Impossibility (Paul, D. 45.1.37; Pomponius, D. 45.1.33) 84 Case 27: The Promissor’s Responsibility (Paul, D. 45.1.91 pr., 2) 85 Case 28: Persistence of the Obligation (Paul, D. 45.1.91.3) 87 Case 29: Early Payment (Ulpian, D. 12.6.17; Paul, D. 12.6.10; Pomponius, D. 12.6.16 pr.) 89 Case 30: Liability after Default (Proculus, D. 45.1.113.1; Ulpian, D. 45.1.114) 90 Case 31: Default and Partial Performance (Proculus, D.
45.1.113 pr.) 92 Case 32: A Building Contract (Venuleius, D. 45.1.137.3) 95 Case 33: A Bottomry Loan (Scaevola, D. 45.1.122.1) 96 Part E. Defenses against Liability under a Stipulation 99 "Case 34: The Action on the Stipulation (Gaius, Inst. 4.136-137) Case 35: The Defense of Deceit and the Theory of Cause (Ulpian, D. 44.4.2.3) 102 vi Contents 100
Case 36: A Loan Not Provided; A Subsequent Pact (Gaius, Inst. 4.115-116b) 104 Case 37: Obstruction by the Promisee (Javolenus, D. 45.1.105) Case 38: The Defense of Non-Payment of Money (Caracalla, C. 4.30.3) 107 ' Part F. Some Special Types of Stipulation (Novation, Suretyship, etc.) 106 109 Case 39: Novation of Debt (Gaius, Inst. 3.176-177) 110 Case 40: A Secondary Stipulator (Gaius, Inst. 3.110-111) 112 Case 41: Suretyship (Justinian, Inst. 3.20 pr.-3) 113 Case 42: Accessory Nature of Suretyship (Ulpian, D. 46.1.8.7) 115 Case 43: Availability of Defense of Deceit to a Surety (Julian, D. 46.1.15 pr.) 116 Case 44: Liability of a Co-Surety (Gaius, Inst. 3.121-122) 117 Case 45: Recourse of the Surety against the Debtor (Ulpian, D. 17.1.6.2) 118 Case 46: Cession of Actions by the Creditor to the Surety (Paul, D. 46.1.36) 119 Case 47: Warranty in a Sales Agreement (Ulpian, D. 21.2.31) 120 Case 48: Penalty Clause for Not Executing a Contract (Venuleius, D. 46.5.11; Julian, D. 19.1.28) 122 Case 49: A Penalty Clause with a Tacit Condition (Paul, D. 19.2.54.1) 124 Part G. Other Types of Formal or Unilateral Promises 125 Case 50: Two Formal Oral Promises (Gaius, Institutionum Epitome 2.9.3-4) 126 Case 51: The “Literal” Contracts (Gaius, Inst. 3.128-130, 134) 128 Case 52: Informal Promises to Municipalities (Ulpian, D. 50.12.1 pr.-2,4) 130 Case 53: Reward for Information on a Thief (Pauli Sententiae 2.31.24) Chapter III. Contracts Created through Delivery ("Real Contracts՞) Part A. Gratuitous Loan for Consumption (Mutuum) 132 133 135 Case 54: Loan of Fungibles (Paul, D. 12,1.2 pr.-2;
Justinian, Inst. 3.14.2) 136 Case 55: Loan via Third Parties (Ulpian, D. 12.1.15) 139 Case 56: Loan through Sale of an Object (Ulpian, D. 12.1.11 pr.) Case 57: Stipulation to Give a Loan (Paul, D. 45.1.68) 143 Case 58: Agreement to Pay Back More than Was Lent (Ulpian, D. 12.1.11.D 145 141 Contents vii
Case 59: The Condictio and Over-Claiming (Gaius, Inst. 4.53-53Һ) 147 Case 60: Supplying Terms for Repayment (Julian, D. 12.1.22) 148 Case 61: The Senatus Consultum Macedonianum (Ulpian, D. 14.6.1 pr.) 149 Part B. Gratuitous Bailment: Deposit and Loan for Use (Commodatum) 151 Case 62: The Formulae for Deposit and Loan for Use (Commodatum) (Gaius, Inst. 4.47) 152 Case 63: Possession of the Object (Gaius, Inst. 4.153) 155 Case 64: Liability of the Holder (The Benefit Principle) (Ulpian, D. 13.6.5.2-3) 156 Case 65: Protecting against Damage by a Third Party (Ulpian, D. 19.2.41) 159 Case 66: The Depositary’s Duty to Restore (Ulpian, D. 16.3.1.23-25) Case 67: Expenses by the Holder (Modestinus, Collado 10.2.5, = D. 16.3.23) 162 Case 68: Conversion of a Deposit into a Mutuum (Ulpian, D. 12.1.9.9, 10) 164 Case 69: Irregular Deposit (Papinian, D. 16.3.24) 165 Case 70: Loan and Holding on Sufferance (Precarium) (Ulpian, D. 43.26.1) 168 Part C. Pledge (Pignus) 169 Case 71: Pledge as a Real Contract (Justinian, Inst. 3.14.4) 170 Case 72: Recovery of the Pledge (Ulpian, D. 13.7.9.3, 5; Gaius, D. 13.7.10) 172 Case 73: Agreement On Sale of the Pledge (Ulpian, D. 13.7.4) 174 Case 74: The Counterclaim (Ulpian, D. 13.7.25) 175 Case 75: Pledge and Hypothec Oustinian, Inst. 4.6.7) 177 Case 76: Mortgage (Fiducia) (Isidore, Etym. 5.25.21-24; Gaius, Inst. 2.60) 178 Chapter IV. Sale: A Contract Created through Informal Agreement Part A. Formation of a Sale 182 Section 1. Agreement on the Basic Elements of a Sale 183 Case 77: The Origins of Sale (Paul, D. 18.1.1 pr.) 184 Case 78: The Nature of
Agreement (Gaius, Inst. 3.135-137, 139) Case 79: Sale and Barter (Paul, D. 18.1.1.1) 188 Case 80: Mixed Sales (Javolenus, D. 18.1.79) 190 viii Contents 181 185 160
Case 81: Definiteness of Price (Ulpian, D. 18.1.7.1-2) 191 Case 82: Reality of Price (Ulpian,-D. 18.1.38) 193 Case 83: Fairness of Price (Paul, D. 19.2.22.3; Hermogenianus, D. 19.2.23) 195 Case 84: Saleable Objects (Paul, D. 18.1.34.1) 197 Case 85: Object Made by Seller (Pomponius, D. 18,1.20) 198 Case 86: Future Objects (Pomponius, D. 18.1.8) 200 Case 87: Sa!e from Stock (Gaius, D. 18.1.35.5-6) 202 Section 2. Defects in Agreement Case 88: Case 89: Case 90: Case 91: Case 92: 204 Mistake on a Basic Element of Sale (Ulpian, D. 18.1.9 pr.-l) Mistake on a Characteristic (Ulpian, D. 18.1.9.2, 11) 208 Shared Mistake (Ulpian, D. 18.1.14) 211 The Buyer’s Alertness (Paul, D. 18.1.15=1) 212 Fraud (Ulpian, D. 4.3.9 pr.) 213 Section 3. Impossibility 205 214 Case 93: Sale of Objects Not in Commerce (Modestinus, D. 18.1.62.1) 215 Case 94: Sale of a Free Man or a Stolen Object (Paul, D. 18.1.34.2-3) 216 Case 95: Sale of an Object Already Destroyed (Papinian, D. 18.1.58) 218 Section 4. Interpreting Agreements of Sale 219 Case 96: The Course of Negotiations (Labeo, D. 18.1.80.2) 220 Case 97: Interpreting a Condition (Julian, D. 18.1.41 pr.) 222 Case 98: Reasonability (Javolenus, D. 18.1.77) 223 Case 99: Interpretation against the Seller (Paul, D. 8.3.30) 224 Case 100: Supplying Reasonable Terms (Celsus, D. 19.1.38.2) 225 Case 101: Dispositive Provisions (Ulpian, D. 19.1.13.10-11, 13) 227 Section 5. Associated Pacts and Modification 228 Case 102: Pacts Incorporated into the Sale (Ulpian, D. 2.14.7.5) 229 Case 103: Pacts Made after the Sale (Papinian, D. 18.1.72 pr.) 231 Case 104: Rescinding
or Modifying a Sale (Ulpian, D. 2.14.7.6) 232 Case 105: Reserving Seller’s Right to Accept a Better Price (Ulpian, D. 18.2.2) 234 Case 106: Calling Off Sale If Price Is Not Paid (Pomponius, D. 18.3.2) 236 Case 107: Sale on Approval (Ulpian, D. 19.5.20 pr.-l) 237 Case 108: Condition of Tasting Wine (Ulpian, D. 18.6.4.1) 239 Case 109: Restricting Use of Object of Sale (Paul, D. 18.1.56) 240 Contents ix
Part В. Execution of a Sale 241 Section 1. Risk of Damage or Destruction Prior to Delivery 243 Case 110: Passage of Risk (Paul, D. 18.6.8 pr.) 244 Case 111 : ExpLaining the Passage of Risk (Justinian, Inst. 3.23.3) 247 Case 112: Risk in a Conditional Sale (Gaius, D. 18.1.35.7) 249 Case 113: The Seller’s Duty to Protect Object of Sale (Gaius, D. 18.1.35.4) 250 Case 114: Seller’s Fair Use of a Purchased Slave (Labeo, D. 19.1.54 pr.) 252 Case 115: Buyer’s Liability before Delivery (Ulpian, D. 19.1.13.22) 253 Section 2. Buyer's Default and Remedies Case Case Case Case Case Case 116: Determining Default (Mora) (Marcian, D. 22.1.32 pr.-2) 255 117: Buyer’s Failure to Take Delivery (Ulpian, D. 18.6.4.2) 257 118: Buyer’s Failure tö Fulfill a Condition (Ulpian, D. 18.6.1.3) 258 119: Buyer’s Failure to Pay Price (Hermogenianus, D. 18.6.20) 260 120: A Penalty Clause (Papinian, Fragmenta Vaticana 11) 261 121: Seller’s Right to Reclaim Object (Pomponius, D. 18.1.19) 262 Section 3. Seller's Default and Remedies Case Case Case Case Case 254 122: 123: 124: 125: 126: 263 Seller’s Failure to Deliver (Ulpian, D. 19.1.1 pr.) 264 Measuring the Buyer’s Interest (Paul, D. 19.1.21.3) 266 Failure to Deliver Wine (Pomponius, D. 19.1.3.3-4) 268 Effects of SeUer’s Default on Risk (Gordian, C. 4.48.4) 270 Purging Default (Pomponius, D. 18.6.18) 271 Section 4. Seller's Warranties for Lack of Right 272 Case 127: No Duty to Convey Ownership (Ulpian, D. 18.1.25.1) 273 Case 128: Delivery of Quiet Possession (Ulpian, D. 19.1.11.13) 275 Case 129: Liability Absent an Express Warranty (Javolenus, D. 21.2.60) 277
Case 130: Measuring Damages after Eviction (Julian, D. 21.2.8) 278 Case 131: Concealment, Warranties, and Disclaimers (Ulpian, D. 19.1.1.1) 280 Case 132: Liability Prior to Eviction (Africanus, D. 19.1.30.1) 282 Case 133: The Stipulation for Undisturbed Possession (Ulpian, D. 19.1.11.18) 283 Case 134: The Stipulation for Double (Pomponius, D. 21.2.16.1) 285 Case 135: The Express Warranty and Regional Custom (Gaius, D. 21.2.6) 287 x Contents
Case 136: Requiring the Stipulation for Double (Ulpian, D. 21.2.37 pr.-l) 288 Case 137: Implying the Warranty (Pauli Sententiae 2.17.1-2) 289 Section 5. Seller's Warranties for Defects 291 Case 138: Puffery and Express Warranties (Florentinus, D. 18.1.43) 292 Case 139: Concealment and Express Warranties (Gaius, D. 18.6.16) 294 Case 140: Remedies for Violating an Express-Warranty (Ulpian, D. 19.1.13.3-4) 295 Case 141: Non-Disclosure of a Beneficial Servitude (Pomponius, D. 18.1.66.1) 297 Case 142: Express and Implied Warranties (Pomponius, D. 19.1.6.4) 298 Case 143: Liability under the Aediles’ Edict (Ulpian, D. 21.1.1.1-2) 300 Case 144: The Soundness of Slaves (Ulpian, D. 21.1.1.8, 4.4) 303 Case 145: Implied Warranty of Merchantability (Ulpian, D. 19.1.13 pr.-2) 304 Case 146: Mistake and the Implied Warranty (Paul, D. 19.1.21.2) 306 Chapter V. Other Consensual Contracts: Problems in Execution Part A. Lease/Hire (Locatio Conductio) Section 1. Lease of a Dwelling 307 309 310 Case 147: Grounds for Expelling the Tenant (Caracalla, C. 4.65.3) 310 Case 148: Damages for Unjustified Expulsion (Labeo, D. 19.2.28.2) 313 Case 149: Justified Abandonment Because of Fear (Alfenus, D. 19.2.27.1)՛ 314 Case 150: Tenant Remedies If Dwelling Deteriorates (Gaius, D. 19.2.25.2) 316 Case 151: Deduction from Rent (Alfenus, D. 19.2.27 pr.) 317 Case 152: The Tacit Pledge of Furnishings (Ulpian, D. 43.32.1 pr-1; Neratius, D. 20.2.4) 318 Case 153: Tenant’s Liability for Damaging the Dwelling (Marcian, D. 20;2.2) 320 Case 154: Mitigation of Damages (Ulpian, D. 19.2.9 pr.) 322 Section 2. Lease of a
Farm 324 Case 155: Duties of the Landlord (Ulpian, D. 19.2.15 pr.-l) Case 156: Justified and Unjustified Expulsion (Gaius, D. 19.2.25.1) 326 324 Contents xi
Case Case Case Case 157: 158: 159: 160: Duties of the Tenant (Gaius, D. 19.2.25.3-5) 328 Useful Expenses (Scaevola, D'. 19.2.61 pr.) 330 Remission of Rent (Ulpian, D. 19.2.15.2-3, 5, 7) 332 Holdover (Ulpian, D. 19.2.13.11) 334 Section 3. Lease of a Movable Object or a Slave 336 Case 161: Lessor’s Warranty against Defects (Ulpian, D. 19.2.19.1) Case 162: Leasing a Slave as a Muleteer (Ulpian, D. 19.2.60.7, 9.2.27.34) 338 Section 4. Performance of a Job; Employment 336 340 Case 163: Duties of the Contractor (Javolenus, D. 19.2.51.1) 340 Case 164: Moving a Column; Cleaning Clothes (Gaius, D. 19.2.25.7-8) 342 Case 165: Timely Completion (Labeo, D. 19.2.58.1) 344 Case 166: Approval and Risk (Labeo, D. 19.2.62; Florentinus, D. 19.2.36) 345 Case 167: Cost Overruns (Labeo, D. 19.2.60.4) 348 Case 168: “Lease” of One’s Own Labor (Paul, D. 19.2.38 pr.-l) 350 Part B. Partnership (Societas) 352 Case 169: Contributions, Profit, and Loss (Gaius, Inst. 3.148-150) 354 Case 170: The Common Fund (Ulpian, D. 17.2.58 pr.-l) 357 Case 171: The Standard of Conduct for Partners (Ulpian, D. 17.2.52.1-3) 359 Case 172: Liability for One’s Slaves (Ulpian, D. 17.2.23.1) 362 Case 173: Compensation for Partnership Debts (Paul, D. 17.2.27) 363 Case 174: Compensation for Expenses (Ulpian, D. 17.2.52.4) 365 Case 175: Ending a Partnership (Gaius, Inst. 3.151-154) 367 Case 176: Untimely Renunciation (Paul, D. 17.2.65.3-5) 369 Part C Mandate (Mandatum) 372 Case 177: “On the Mandator’s Behalf (Gaius, Inst. 3.155-156, 162) 373 Case 178: The Duty to Perform the Mandate (Ulpian, D. 17.1.6.1-2) 376 Case 179: The
Standard of Performance (Ulpian, D. 17.1.8.9-10) 378 Case 180: Overstepping the Mandate (Gaius, Inst. 3.161) 380 Case 181: Claims of the Mandatary (Ulpian, D. 17.1.12.9) 382 Case 182: Limits on the Mandatary’s Claims (Paul, D. 17.1.26.6-7) 384 Case 183: Training a Slave (Paul, D. 17.1.26.8) 386 Case 184: The Honorarium (Ulpian, D. 11.6.1 pr., 50.13.1.10) 388 xii Contents
Chapter VI. Filling in the Gaps: Contracts Created Through One Party's Performance 391 Part A. Boundary Problems in Roman Contract Law 392 Case 185: Sale or Lease? (Gaius, Inst. 3.145-147) Case 186: Brokerage (Ulpian, D. 19.3.1) 395 Part B. Half-Executed Contracts of Exchange 392 397 Case 187: Exchange and the Theory of Causa (Ulpian, D. 2.14.7 pr.-2, 4, 5) 397 Case 188: Excavating Clay; Sowing a Field (Pomponius, D. 19.5.16 pr.-l) 400 Case 189: Approval; Sharing Oxen (Ulpian, D. 19.5.17.2-3) 402 Case 190: A Complex Loan (Africanus, D. 19.5.24) 404 Case 191: Alternative Remedies (Paul, D. 19.5.5.1) 406 Case 192: Standards of Performance (Paul, D. 19.5.5.1-2, 19.4.2) 407 Chapter VII. Third-Party Rights and Responsibilities Part A. Sons and Slaves 409 410 Case 193: Liability of Sons for Their Contracts (Ulpian, D. 5.1.57) 411 Case 194: Transactions Ordered by the Paterfamilias (Gaius, Inst. 4.70) 412 Case 195: The Nature of an Order (Ulpian, D. 15.4.1.1-2, 6) 413 Case 196: The Peculium (Justinian, Inst. 4.6.10) 415 Case 197: The Action on the Peculium (Gaius, Inst. 4.72a-73) 417 Case 198: Liability Despite a Prohibition to Contract (Paul, D. 15.1.47 pr.) 419 Part B. The Manager of a Business (Institor) 421 Case 199: LiabiUty for Contracts of an Institor (Gaius, Inst. 4.71; Pauli Sent. 2.8.1-2) 422 Case 200: Liability of the Manager (Ulpian, D. 14.1.1 pr.) 424 Case 201: Contracts within the Scope of Authorization (Ulpian, D. 14.3.5.11-15) 425 Case 202: Liability of Third Parties to the Principal (Ulpian, D. 14.3.1; Gaius, D. 14.3.2) 428 Part C. The Supervisor (Procurator) 430
Case 203: The Procurator (Ulpian, D. 3.3.1 pr.-l) 431 Contents xiii
Case 204: Acquiring Property for the Principal (Neradus, D. 41.1.13; Ulpian, D. 41.2.42.1) 434 Case 205: Contracting for the Principal (Papinian, D. 14.3.19 pr., 3.3.67) 436 Case 206: Liability of Third Parties to the Principal (Ulpian, D. 19.1.13.25) 438 Case 207: Compensation (Papinian, D. 17.1.7; Ulpian, D. 17.1.10.9) Case 208: Extension of the Theory (Papinian, D. 3.5.30 pr.) 441 Part D. Transfer of Contract Rights and Duties to Third Parties 439 442 Case 209: Ordering My Debtor to Pay My Creditor (Paul, D. 46.3.64) 443 Case 210: Mandate to My Banker to Pay My Debt (Scaevola, D. 2.14.47.1) 445 Case 211: Delegating Obligation for a Debt Owed by Me (Ulpian, D. 46.2.11; Gaius, Inst. 2.38-39) 448 Case 212: Appointing a Procurator for a Lawsuit (Gaius, Inst. 4.84) 450 Case 213: Assigning a Debt to Your Procurator (Ulpian, D. 3.3.55, 2.14.16 pr.) 452 Case 214: Delegation vs. Mandate to a Creditor (Gordian, C. 8.41.3) 454 Case 215: Cession of Actions against Co-Sureties (Julian, D. 46.1.17; Modestinus, D. 46.1.39) 456 Chapter VIII. Quasi-Contract 459 Part A. Unauthorized Administration of Another's Affairs (Negotiorum Gestio) Case 216: The Invention of Quasi-Contract (Gaius, D. 44.7.5 pr., 3; Justinian, Inst. 3.27 pr.) 461 Case 217: The Reason for the Actions on Unauthorized Administration (Ulpian, D. 3.5.1; Gaius, D. 3.5.2) 464 Case 218: Benefit to the Recipient (Ulpian, D. 3.5.9.1; Celsus, D. 17.1.50 pr.) 467 Case 219: Benefit the Recipient Does Not Want (Justinian, C. 2.18.24) 470 Case 220: Mistake as to the Beneficiary (Ulpian, D. 3.5.44.2) 472 Case 221: Benefit to Oneself
(Ulpian, D. 3.5.5.5) 474 Case 222: The Intent to Seek Compensation for Expenses (Alexander, C. 2.18.11) 476 Case 223: Standards of Care in Administering Another’s Affairs (Pomponius, D. 3.5.10) 477 Case 224: Administering the Affairs of a Deceased Debtor (Paul, D. 3.5.12) 479 xiv Contents 460
Part В. Unjustified Enrichment (The Condictio) 481 Case 225: Payment by Mistake (Garus, Inst. 3.91) 482 Case 226: Requirements: Mistake (Ulpian, D. 12.6.1.1; Paul, D. 22.3.25 pr.-l) 485 Case 227: Requirements: A Transaction and the Transfer of Property (Julian, D. 12.6.33) 487 Case 228: Requirements: Absence of a Basis for Retention of Benefit (Papinian, D. 12.6.66; Ulpian, D. 12.7.1) 489 Case 229: Subsequent Failure of Cause (Ulpian, D. 12.7.2; Ulpian, D. 19.1.11.6) 491 Case 230: Misunderstanding about the Basis of a Transaction (Ulpian, D. 12.1.18) 494 Case 231: Frustration of Purpose (Celsus, D. 12.4.16) 496 Case 232: Dowry for an Incestuous Marriage (Papinian, D. 12.7.5) 497 Case 233: Extent of Recovery and Change of Position (Paul, D. 12.6.65.5-8) 499 Case 234: Unowed Services by a Freedman (Ulpian, D. 12.6.26.12) 501 Case 235: Tracing the Benefit (Diocletian and Maximian, C. 4.26.7 pr.-l, 3) 503 Glossary 505 Short Biographies of the Jurists Suggested Further Reading Index of Passages Cited 513 519 525 Contents xv |
any_adam_object | 1 |
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author | Frier, Bruce W. 1943- |
author_GND | (DE-588)17208170X |
author_facet | Frier, Bruce W. 1943- |
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dewey-search | 346.37022 |
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dewey-tens | 340 - Law |
discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft |
format | Book |
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spelling | Frier, Bruce W. 1943- Verfasser (DE-588)17208170X aut A casebook on the Roman law of contracts Bruce W. Frier Roman law of contracts New York, NY Oxford University Press [2021] © 2021 xxi, 538 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier 'A Casebook on the Roman Law of Contracts' introduces students to the rich and influential body of Roman law concerning contracts between private individuals Contracts (Roman law) / Cases Römisches Recht (DE-588)4050306-9 gnd rswk-swf Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 gnd rswk-swf Privatrecht, römisch (DE-2581)TH000006718 gbd Römische Rechtsgeschichte (DE-2581)TH000006715 gbd Römisches Recht (DE-588)4050306-9 s Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-757324-2 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032801224&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Frier, Bruce W. 1943- A casebook on the Roman law of contracts Contracts (Roman law) / Cases Römisches Recht (DE-588)4050306-9 gnd Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4050306-9 (DE-588)4063283-0 |
title | A casebook on the Roman law of contracts |
title_alt | Roman law of contracts |
title_auth | A casebook on the Roman law of contracts |
title_exact_search | A casebook on the Roman law of contracts |
title_exact_search_txtP | A casebook on the Roman law of contracts |
title_full | A casebook on the Roman law of contracts Bruce W. Frier |
title_fullStr | A casebook on the Roman law of contracts Bruce W. Frier |
title_full_unstemmed | A casebook on the Roman law of contracts Bruce W. Frier |
title_short | A casebook on the Roman law of contracts |
title_sort | a casebook on the roman law of contracts |
topic | Contracts (Roman law) / Cases Römisches Recht (DE-588)4050306-9 gnd Vertragsrecht (DE-588)4063283-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Contracts (Roman law) / Cases Römisches Recht Vertragsrecht |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032801224&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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