The American political system:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY ; London
W.W. Norton & Company
[2019]
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| Ausgabe: | Third core edition; 2018 election update |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xxviii, 571 Seiten, 70 Seiten mit getrennter Zählung Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780393675290 0393675297 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The American political system |c Ken Kollman, University of Michigan |
| 250 | |a Third core edition; 2018 election update | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York, NY ; London |b W.W. Norton & Company |c [2019] | |
| 300 | |a xxviii, 571 Seiten, 70 Seiten mit getrennter Zählung |b Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten |c 24 cm | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | CONTENTS Preface xix CHAPTER 1 Introduction 3 .J* What can the tools of political science tell us that we don’t already know? ■ Understanding American Politics Institutions 5 6 ■ Collective Dilemmas and the Need for Government ■ Types of Collective Dilemmas 9 12 Collective Action Problems 12 Prisoner s Dilemma Situations 13 Coordination Problems 16 Comparing Collective Action Problems and Coordination Problems: Example from Voting 18 Unstable Coalitions 19 ■ Principal-Agent Problems ■ Designing Institutions 21 23 ■ In Comparison: Types of Government Institutions 25 ■ Analyzing Politics and Government Using the Toots of Political Science 29 Further Reading Key Terms 31 30 CHAPTER 2 The Constitution 33 љ* How does the Constitution strike a balance between preserving order and protecting liberty? ■ What Do Constitutions Accomplish? 35 ■ Origins of the American Political System The Revolution 37 36
The Declaration of Independence 39 The Colonial and State Constitutions 40 The Articles of Confederation 40 The Constitutional Debates 41 Difficult Compromises 44 ■ Institutional Features of the Constitution 46 A President as Executive 47 A Bicameral Legislature 47 An Independent Judiciary 48 Separation of Powers 49 Checks and Balances 49 Federalism with National Authority over the States Reserved Powers for the States 51 Amending the Constitution 51 * The Ratification Debate 52 Federalists versus Antifederalists The Bill of Rights 54 52 ■ In Comparison: National Constitutions ■ Constitutional Evolution 50 56 57 Relative Powers of the Branches of Government 57 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES The Constitution and Religion in Politics 58 National Power versus States Rights 61 Direct Election of the President and Senators 62 Rights and Liberties 62 a Consequences of the Constitution ՀէԱ:: Further Reading Key Terms 69 63 The Costs and Benefits of a Longer Constitution 69 CHAPTER 3 Federalism Лс Why have the states and the American people allowed the federal government to become more and more powerful? ■ Federation and Confederation 73 Federalism as a Response to Collective Dilemmas ■ The Dynamics of American Federalism ■ The Courts and the Constitution 78 » Toward a Stronger National Government Progressive Era, 1896-1913 82 New Deal Era, 1933-52 82 Great Society Era, 1964-77 83 Recent Trends 84 Federal Financing 85 76 82 75 65
■ Federalism and Race 88 iXPLORftîio^ Where Does Federal Money Go, and Why? 89 ■ State Governments Ց0 The Institutions of State Government State Power 92 91 ■ Local Governments ӘЗ IN··· RESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Federal and State Conflicts over Marijuana 94 Special Districts 96 ■ In Comparison: American Federalism 97 ■ Evaluating American Federalism 99 Avoiding Tyranny 99 Preserving Diversity 100 Fostering Competition 101 Promoting Unity and Experimentation 102 Negative Consequences of Federalism 103 Federalism as a Difficult but Important Balance Further Reading Key Terms 105 104 104 CHAPTER 4 Civil Rights and Liberties........................ 107 What rights and freedoms do Americans have? ■ Defining Civil Rights and Liberties 109 ■ The Origins of Rights and Liberties ■ The Special Rote of the Courts 110 113 ■ Race, Ethnicity, and Nationality 117 Slavery and African Americans 118 The Treatment of Immigrants 119 Other Failures 120 ■ Popular Demands for More Rights The Civil Rights Movement 122 Other Movements 124 122 ■ Incorporating the Bill of Rights into the Fourteenth Amendment ■ Government Responses to Discrimination Affirmative Action 131 Abortion Rights 132 126 128 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Access to What Others Have: Rights of the Disabled 134 Rights Related to Sexual Identify 136 ■ In Comparison: Rights and Liberties around the World 138
Civil Liberties and National Security: A Trade- Oif ■ Why Protect Rights and Liberties? Further Reading Key Terms 145 141 142 145 CHAPTER 5 Congress 147 How do legislators rise above self-interest and the narrow K interests of their districts to pass important legislation? ■ Congress and the Constitution Bicameralism 150 Making Law 150 14Ց ■ Congressional Elections 151 Causes of Individualism in Congress 152 Representing the District or State 159 a Internal Institutions of Congress 165 An Increasingly Institutionalized Congress 166 Party Leaders 168 Committees 170 Other Internal Features 173 • The Process ot Lawmaking Proposals 176 Referrals 176 Committee Action 178 Moving Bills to the Floor 178 Senate Distinctiveness 180 176 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES A Sit-In for Gun Control 182 Floor Action 184 Conference Committees 184 Presidential Signature 185 ■ Making Law in a System of Separation of Powers ■ In Comparison: Legislative Institutions 186 pata exploration Does Gerrymandering Matter? ■ Analyzing Collective Dilemmas in Congress Three Models for Analyzing Congress 190 Further Reading Key Terms 197 185 187 188 196 CHAPTER 6 The Presidency How and why has presidential ^ power grown? ■ Sources of Presidential Power 201 Constitutional Bases of Presidential Power 201 Solving Collective Dilemmas and Principal-Agent Problems since the Founding 205 199
■ Shaping the Modern Presidency 207 Nineteenth-Century Changes 207 Through (he Twentieth Century and into the Twenty-First 210 ■ Enhancing Presidential Power through Military and Economic Means 214 ■ Today’s Powerful Presidency 218 The Veto 220 Executive Orders, Executive Agreements, and Signing Statements 222 Appointments 224 ff-TSRESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Abortion Funding and the Use of Executive Orders 226 Solving Collective Dilemmas with Administrative and Financial Resources ■ in Comparison: Executive Forms ■ Checks on Presidenttal Power 235 236 Investigations and Impeachment 237 Electoral Pressures 23У Institutionalizing Presidential Power to Solve Collective Dilemmas Further Reading Key Terms 241 228 232 Politics of Executive Orders 240 240 CHAPTER 7 The Bureaucracy 243 A Who controls the bureaucracy? And does it work? ■ What is the Federa! Bureaucracy? 245 ■ Why Do We Need a Federal Bureaucracy? Solvers of Collective Dilemmas 248 248 ■ Principals and Agents in the Executive Bureaucracy The Motivations of Bureaucrats 251 Bureaucracy’s Principal-Agent Problems Bureaucrats as Policy Makers 256 ■ How Has the Bureaucracy Changed? The Early Years 258 Growth in Size 259 The Spoils System 261 Civil Service Reform 262 Modern Reforms of the Bureaucracy Privatization and Marketization 267 251 252 258 264 ■ Shaping and Influencing the Bureaucracy 269 Appointments 269 Budgeting 270 Oversight 271 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Bureaucratic Budget Battles 272
The Courts’ Influence 274 Interest Groups 275 ■ In Comparison: Bureaucratic Traditions 276 pata íiXrl.OíVVľiGM Do Bureaucrats Behave Differently than Elected Officials? 277 ■ Two Views of Bureaucracy 27B The Progressive Vision of a Fair, Competent, and Impartial Bureaucracy The Democratic Vision of a Bureaucracy Responsive to the Wishes of Politicians Elected by the People 280 Further Reading Key Terms 283 282 CHAPTER 8 The Judiciary 285 Ae Are the courts above politics? ■ Courts and Collective Dilemmas Prisoner s Dilemmas 287 Coordination Problems 287 Independence and Legitimacy 288 ■ Constitutional Basis 287 289 ■ Establishing Judiciai Power 290 Judicial Review 290 Supremacy of Federal Courts and Federal Law The Court of Last Resort 294 293 ■ Organization of the American Judiciary 2Ց7 Types of Cases 297 Standing and Class Actions 297 Federal Courts 298 State Courts and the Electoral Connection 299 Jurisdiction at the Federal and State Levels 301 Common Law and Legal Precedent 302 ■ Path of a Supreme Court Case Choosing Cases 304 Legal Briefs 305 Oral Arguments 308 The Conference 307 Opinion Writing 309 ■ In Comparison: The Judiciary Selecting Judges 311 Judicial Review 312 303 311 ■ How Political Are the Courts? 313 Minority Rights versus Majority Rule 313 Analyzing Judicial Behavior 314 ?· í/U. .r¡tAT!ON Ideology on the Supreme Court 315 CONTENTS 279
Public Opinion, Congress, and the Federal Courts 317 The Politics of Judicial Appointments 318 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES The Politics and Strategies of Judicial Confirmations 322 Further Reading Key Terms 325 324 CHAPTER 9 Public Opinion A# What is the link between public opinion and politicians’ behavior? в Public Opinion in a Democratic System ■ What Js Public Opinion? 329 330 The Challenge of Having Many Principals в Measuring Public Opinion 331 333 Early Attempts at Measurement 334 Random Sampling 335 Possible Biases 336 Alternative Methods to Surveys 340 ■ Where Do Political Attitudes Come From? 341 Socialization 341 IK RESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Meta-Analysis: A Response to the Ceil Phone Era 342 Interests and Rationality 345 Group Attachments 347 Emotions 348 Influence of Elites 348 ■ Predispositions 350 Ideology 351 Party Identification 353 Other Predispositions 354 ■ Opinions on Policies and Politicians 355 Policy Opinions 355 Evaluations of Politicians and Government Institutions 357 ■ Apathy and Lack of Knowledge 358 Rational Ignorance? 360 Apathy and Non-Attitudes 361 ■ In Comparison: Public Opinion 362 ■ Public Opinion and Policy Making 364 ՛ ·. t- .rtPuORATïOrt Income, Policy Preferences, and Outcomes: Do the Rich Win? 365 Does Government Policy Follow Public Opinion or Vice Versa? 366 Further Reading Key Terms 371 370
CHAPTER 10 Political Participation why do groups with the greatest interest in changing Ä* the status quo have relatively low turnout rates? ■ Participation and Democratic Politics 375 Conventional and Unconventional Participation ■ Collective Dilemmas in Participation 376 377 ■ Tallying the Costs and Benefits of Participating 380 Registering to Vote 381 Gathering Information 382 Voting 383 Participation beyond Voting 385 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Voter Turnout ■ The Struggles for Voting Rights ■ Patterns of Participation in the United States Trends in Voter Turnout 395 The Demographics of Participation 391 395 397 ■ in Comparison: Political Participation 401 DATA EXPLORATION Does the Cost of Voting Affect Turnout? ■ The Crucial Role of Institutions and Mobilization Further Reading Key Terms 386 389 Restricting the Right to Vote 389 Challenges to Reforms intended to Increase Turnout Removing Barriers to Voting 392 Group Struggles 393 405 406 409 409 CHAPTER 11 Interest Groups and Social Movements.............................................................. Ле How can well-organized, narrow interests influence government in ways that go against the preferences ot a majority of Americans? • What Are Interest Groups, and What Do They Do? 413 Inside and Outside Lobbying 417 Campaign Financing 419 interests, institutions, AND outcomes The Costs, Benefits, and Politics of Tax-Exempt Status 420 ■ Collective Dilemmas and Interest Group Politics Collective Action Problems 424 Overcoming Collective Action Problems Coordination Problems 427 425 ■ Determining Interest
Group Influence ■ Social Movements 432 Deeper Analysis of Social Movements 437 428 424
■ In Comparison: Group Politics 440 ..:407ϊί ΛΊ. ν What Does Lobbying Look Like Up Close? 441 ■ Organizad Forms of Public Pressure 442 Further Reading 444 Key Terms 445 CHAPTER 12 Political Parties 447 •Jr Why are political parties and partisanship so widely criticized, but also so indispensable in a democratic system? s What Are Parties? 44Ց Parties in Government 450 Parties as Organizations 456 Parties in the Electorate 461 ■ The History of the American Party System 464 The First Party System 464 The Second Party System 465 The Third Party System 466 The Fourth Party System 46? The Fifth Party System 469 The Sixth Party System 470 Understanding Transitions to New Party Systems 474 ■ Why Two Parties? 477 The Electoral System 478 National-State Political Relations 479 IN t-aESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Sore-Loser Laws: Anti-Democratic, Smart Tactics, or Both? 480 Maior-Party Actions 482 ■ In Comparison: Parties 482 Two Parties versus More Parties 482 Party Discipline 483 Do the Rich (Candidates) Get Richer? Fund-Raising and Political Parties 485 * Key Intermediate Institutions of Democracy 4Ց6 Further Reading 487 Key Terms 489 CHAPTER 13 Elections and Campaigns 491 •Jr Do campaigns matter in national elections, and if so, how? ■ What Do Elections Accomplish? 493 Determining Policy Direction and Ideology 493 Choosing Competent, Non-Corrupt Leaders 497 ■ American Eiectoral Institutions State-Level Election Laws 501 500 CONTENT
Plurality Rule 504 Election Ballots 505 Direct Democracy 505 ■ American Electoral Campaigns 507 Getting on the Ballot 507 Raising Campaign Money 510 Campaign Rhetoric and Prisoner s Dilemmas 515 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Caucuses and Primaries: Who Goes First? 516 Campaigning with Modern Technologies Voter Decision Making 522 518 ■ In Comparison: Elections 525 Different Formal Electoral Institutions 525 Party-Centered. Ideological Elections 526 ■; Which Candidates Go Negative ? And When? Limited Campaigning 528 Public Financing of Campaigns 528 ■ Is There a Need for Reform? Further Reading Key Terms 533 52Ց 531 CHAPTER 14 Mass Media and the Press Ց35 Л* Is media bias a problem in American politics? • Mass Media and the Press in a Democracy Providing Essential Information 538 Evaluating and Interpreting 538 Helping Solve Collective Dilemmas 539 537 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Verifying Political Statements 540 ■ Trends in Media and the Press 542 The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 543 Network Television Comes to Predominate 544 Rise of New Media 545 ■ Mass Media Companies and the Profit Motive ■ Government Regulation 54Ց 551 ■ In Comparison: Mass Media 554 ■ Are the American Press and Mass Media Biased? Discerning Bias 556 Ideological versus Other Kinds of Bias 558 How Can Bias Occur? 560 CONTENTS 527 556
■ Media Effects 561 Who Chooses Which Media Content and Why? 561 What Is the Effect of Specific Media Content? 563 ч. .З ллѴПО;-; Do Fact-Checking Organizations Change Candidate Behavior? 565 Politicians and the Government as Sources 566 ■ The Media as Principals and Agents 567 The Press and Mass Media as Principals 568 The Press and Mass Media as Agents 569 Further Reading Key Terms 571 570 Appendix A-1 The Declaration of Independence A-1 The Articles of Confederation A-5 The Constitution of the United States of America Amendments to the Constitution A֊24 The Federalist Papers A-34 A-12 Glossary G-1 Credits C-1 Index 1-1 CONTENTS
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CONTENTS Preface xix CHAPTER 1 Introduction 3 .J* What can the tools of political science tell us that we don’t already know? ■ Understanding American Politics Institutions 5 6 ■ Collective Dilemmas and the Need for Government ■ Types of Collective Dilemmas 9 12 Collective Action Problems 12 Prisoner's Dilemma Situations 13 Coordination Problems 16 Comparing Collective Action Problems and Coordination Problems: Example from Voting 18 Unstable Coalitions 19 ■ Principal-Agent Problems ■ Designing Institutions 21 23 ■ In Comparison: Types of Government Institutions 25 ■ Analyzing Politics and Government Using the Toots of Political Science 29 Further Reading Key Terms 31 30 CHAPTER 2 The Constitution 33 љ* How does the Constitution strike a balance between preserving order and protecting liberty? ■ What Do Constitutions Accomplish? 35 ■ Origins of the American Political System The Revolution 37 36
The Declaration of Independence 39 The Colonial and State Constitutions 40 The Articles of Confederation 40 The Constitutional Debates 41 Difficult Compromises 44 ■ Institutional Features of the Constitution 46 A President as Executive 47 A Bicameral Legislature 47 An Independent Judiciary 48 Separation of Powers 49 Checks and Balances 49 Federalism with National Authority over the States Reserved Powers for the States 51 Amending the Constitution 51 * The Ratification Debate 52 Federalists versus Antifederalists The Bill of Rights 54 52 ■ In Comparison: National Constitutions ■ Constitutional Evolution 50 56 57 Relative Powers of the Branches of Government 57 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES The Constitution and Religion in Politics 58 National Power versus States' Rights 61 Direct Election of the President and Senators 62 Rights and Liberties 62 a Consequences of the Constitution ՀէԱ:: Further Reading Key Terms 69 63 The Costs and Benefits of a Longer Constitution 69 CHAPTER 3 Federalism Лс Why have the states and the American people allowed the federal government to become more and more powerful? ■ Federation and Confederation 73 Federalism as a Response to Collective Dilemmas ■ The Dynamics of American Federalism ■ The Courts and the Constitution 78 » Toward a Stronger National Government Progressive Era, 1896-1913 82 New Deal Era, 1933-52 82 Great Society Era, 1964-77 83 Recent Trends 84 Federal Financing 85 76 82 75 65
■ Federalism and Race 88 iXPLORftîio^ Where Does Federal Money Go, and Why? 89 ■ State Governments Ց0 The Institutions of State Government State Power 92 91 ■ Local Governments ӘЗ IN··· "RESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Federal and State Conflicts over Marijuana 94 Special Districts 96 ■ In Comparison: American Federalism 97 ■ Evaluating American Federalism 99 Avoiding Tyranny 99 Preserving Diversity 100 Fostering Competition 101 Promoting Unity and Experimentation 102 Negative Consequences of Federalism 103 Federalism as a Difficult but Important Balance Further Reading Key Terms 105 104 104 CHAPTER 4 Civil Rights and Liberties. 107 What rights and freedoms do Americans have? ■ Defining Civil Rights and Liberties 109 ■ The Origins of Rights and Liberties ■ The Special Rote of the Courts 110 113 ■ Race, Ethnicity, and Nationality 117 Slavery and African Americans 118 The Treatment of Immigrants 119 Other Failures 120 ■ Popular Demands for More Rights The Civil Rights Movement 122 Other Movements 124 122 ■ Incorporating the Bill of Rights into the Fourteenth Amendment ■ Government Responses to Discrimination Affirmative Action 131 Abortion Rights 132 126 128 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Access to What Others Have: Rights of the Disabled 134 Rights Related to Sexual Identify 136 ■ In Comparison: Rights and Liberties around the World 138
Civil Liberties and National Security: A Trade- Oif ■ Why Protect Rights and Liberties? Further Reading Key Terms 145 141 142 145 CHAPTER 5 Congress 147 How do legislators rise above self-interest and the narrow K" interests of their districts to pass important legislation? ■ Congress and the Constitution Bicameralism 150 Making Law 150 14Ց ■ Congressional Elections 151 Causes of Individualism in Congress 152 Representing the District or State 159 a Internal Institutions of Congress 165 An Increasingly Institutionalized Congress 166 Party Leaders 168 Committees 170 Other Internal Features 173 • The Process ot Lawmaking Proposals 176 Referrals 176 Committee Action 178 Moving Bills to the Floor 178 Senate Distinctiveness 180 176 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES A Sit-In for Gun Control 182 Floor Action 184 Conference Committees 184 Presidential Signature 185 ■ Making Law in a System of Separation of Powers ■ In Comparison: Legislative Institutions 186 pata exploration Does Gerrymandering Matter? ■ Analyzing Collective Dilemmas in Congress Three Models for Analyzing Congress 190 Further Reading Key Terms 197 185 187 188 196 CHAPTER 6 The Presidency How and why has presidential ^ power grown? ■ Sources of Presidential Power 201 Constitutional Bases of Presidential Power 201 Solving Collective Dilemmas and Principal-Agent Problems since the Founding 205 199
■ Shaping the Modern Presidency 207 Nineteenth-Century Changes 207 Through (he Twentieth Century and into the Twenty-First 210 ■ Enhancing Presidential Power through Military and Economic Means 214 ■ Today’s Powerful Presidency 218 The Veto 220 Executive Orders, Executive Agreements, and Signing Statements 222 Appointments 224 ff-TSRESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Abortion Funding and the Use of Executive Orders 226 Solving Collective Dilemmas with Administrative and Financial Resources ■ in Comparison: Executive Forms ■ Checks on Presidenttal Power 235 236 Investigations and Impeachment 237 Electoral Pressures 23У Institutionalizing Presidential Power to Solve Collective Dilemmas Further Reading Key Terms 241 228 232 Politics of Executive Orders 240 240 CHAPTER 7 The Bureaucracy 243 A Who controls the bureaucracy? And does it work? ■ What is the Federa! Bureaucracy? 245 ■ Why Do We Need a Federal Bureaucracy? Solvers of Collective Dilemmas 248 248 ■ Principals and Agents in the Executive Bureaucracy The Motivations of Bureaucrats 251 Bureaucracy’s Principal-Agent Problems Bureaucrats as Policy Makers 256 ■ How Has the Bureaucracy Changed? The Early Years 258 Growth in Size 259 The Spoils System 261 Civil Service Reform 262 Modern Reforms of the Bureaucracy Privatization and Marketization 267 251 252 258 264 ■ Shaping and Influencing the Bureaucracy 269 Appointments 269 Budgeting 270 Oversight 271 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Bureaucratic Budget Battles 272
The Courts’ Influence 274 Interest Groups 275 ■ In Comparison: Bureaucratic Traditions 276 pata íiXrl.OíVVľiGM Do Bureaucrats Behave Differently than Elected Officials? 277 ■ Two Views of Bureaucracy 27B The Progressive Vision of a Fair, Competent, and Impartial Bureaucracy The Democratic Vision of a Bureaucracy Responsive to the Wishes of Politicians Elected by the People 280 Further Reading Key Terms 283 282 CHAPTER 8 The Judiciary 285 Ae Are the courts above politics? ■ Courts and Collective Dilemmas Prisoner's Dilemmas 287 Coordination Problems 287 Independence and Legitimacy 288 ■ Constitutional Basis 287 289 ■ Establishing Judiciai Power 290 Judicial Review 290 Supremacy of Federal Courts and Federal Law The Court of Last Resort 294 293 ■ Organization of the American Judiciary 2Ց7 Types of Cases 297 Standing and Class Actions 297 Federal Courts 298 State Courts and the Electoral Connection 299 Jurisdiction at the Federal and State Levels 301 Common Law and Legal Precedent 302 ■ Path of a Supreme Court Case Choosing Cases 304 Legal Briefs 305 Oral Arguments 308 The Conference 307 Opinion Writing 309 ■ In Comparison: The Judiciary Selecting Judges 311 Judicial Review 312 303 311 ■ How Political Are the Courts? 313 Minority Rights versus Majority Rule 313 Analyzing Judicial Behavior 314 ?· í/U.'.r¡tAT!ON Ideology on the Supreme Court 315 CONTENTS 279
Public Opinion, Congress, and the Federal Courts 317 The Politics of Judicial Appointments 318 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES The Politics and Strategies of Judicial Confirmations 322 Further Reading Key Terms 325 324 CHAPTER 9 Public Opinion A# What is the link between public opinion and politicians’ behavior? в Public Opinion in a Democratic System ■ What Js Public Opinion? 329 330 The Challenge of Having Many Principals в Measuring Public Opinion 331 333 Early Attempts at Measurement 334 Random Sampling 335 Possible Biases 336 Alternative Methods to Surveys 340 ■ Where Do Political Attitudes Come From? 341 Socialization 341 IK "RESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Meta-Analysis: A Response to the Ceil Phone Era 342 Interests and Rationality 345 Group Attachments 347 Emotions 348 Influence of Elites 348 ■ Predispositions 350 Ideology 351 Party Identification 353 Other Predispositions 354 ■ Opinions on Policies and Politicians 355 Policy Opinions 355 Evaluations of Politicians and Government Institutions 357 ■ Apathy and Lack of Knowledge 358 Rational Ignorance? 360 Apathy and Non-Attitudes 361 ■ In Comparison: Public Opinion 362 ■ Public Opinion and Policy Making 364 ՛ ·. t-'.rtPuORATïOrt Income, Policy Preferences, and Outcomes: Do the Rich Win? 365 Does Government Policy Follow Public Opinion or Vice Versa? 366 Further Reading Key Terms 371 370
CHAPTER 10 Political Participation why do groups with the greatest interest in changing Ä* the status quo have relatively low turnout rates? ■ Participation and Democratic Politics 375 Conventional and Unconventional Participation ■ Collective Dilemmas in Participation 376 377 ■ Tallying the Costs and Benefits of Participating 380 Registering to Vote 381 Gathering Information 382 Voting 383 Participation beyond Voting 385 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Voter Turnout ■ The Struggles for Voting Rights ■ Patterns of Participation in the United States Trends in Voter Turnout 395 The Demographics of Participation 391 395 397 ■ in Comparison: Political Participation 401 DATA EXPLORATION Does the Cost of Voting Affect Turnout? ■ The Crucial Role of Institutions and Mobilization Further Reading Key Terms 386 389 Restricting the Right to Vote 389 Challenges to Reforms intended to Increase Turnout Removing Barriers to Voting 392 Group Struggles 393 405 406 409 409 CHAPTER 11 Interest Groups and Social Movements. Ле How can well-organized, narrow interests influence government in ways that go against the preferences ot a majority of Americans? • What Are Interest Groups, and What Do They Do? 413 Inside and Outside Lobbying 417 Campaign Financing 419 interests, institutions, AND outcomes The Costs, Benefits, and Politics of Tax-Exempt Status 420 ■ Collective Dilemmas and Interest Group Politics Collective Action Problems 424 Overcoming Collective Action Problems Coordination Problems 427 425 ■ Determining Interest
Group Influence ■ Social Movements 432 Deeper Analysis of Social Movements 437 428 424
■ In Comparison: Group Politics 440 .:407ϊί ΛΊ."ν What Does Lobbying Look Like Up Close? 441 ■ Organizad Forms of Public Pressure 442 Further Reading 444 Key Terms 445 CHAPTER 12 Political Parties 447 •Jr Why are political parties and partisanship so widely criticized, but also so indispensable in a democratic system? s What Are Parties? 44Ց Parties in Government 450 Parties as Organizations 456 Parties in the Electorate 461 ■ The History of the American Party System 464 The First Party System 464 The Second Party System 465 The Third Party System 466 The Fourth Party System 46? The Fifth Party System 469 The Sixth Party System 470 Understanding Transitions to New Party Systems 474 ■ Why Two Parties? 477 The Electoral System 478 National-State Political Relations 479 IN't-aESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Sore-Loser Laws: Anti-Democratic, Smart Tactics, or Both? 480 Maior-Party Actions 482 ■ In Comparison: Parties 482 Two Parties versus More Parties 482 Party Discipline 483 Do the Rich (Candidates) Get Richer? Fund-Raising and Political Parties 485 * Key Intermediate Institutions of Democracy 4Ց6 Further Reading 487 Key Terms 489 CHAPTER 13 Elections and Campaigns 491 •Jr Do campaigns matter in national elections, and if so, how? ■ What Do Elections Accomplish? 493 Determining Policy Direction and Ideology 493 Choosing Competent, Non-Corrupt Leaders 497 ■ American Eiectoral Institutions State-Level Election Laws 501 500 CONTENT
Plurality Rule 504 Election Ballots 505 Direct Democracy 505 ■ American Electoral Campaigns 507 Getting on the Ballot 507 Raising Campaign Money 510 Campaign Rhetoric and Prisoner's Dilemmas 515 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Caucuses and Primaries: Who Goes First? 516 Campaigning with Modern Technologies Voter Decision Making 522 518 ■ In Comparison: Elections 525 Different Formal Electoral Institutions 525 Party-Centered. Ideological Elections 526 ■; Which Candidates "Go Negative"? And When? Limited Campaigning 528 Public Financing of Campaigns 528 ■ Is There a Need for Reform? Further Reading Key Terms 533 52Ց 531 CHAPTER 14 Mass Media and the Press Ց35 Л* Is media bias a problem in American politics? • Mass Media and the Press in a Democracy Providing Essential Information 538 Evaluating and Interpreting 538 Helping Solve Collective Dilemmas 539 537 INTERESTS, INSTITUTIONS, AND OUTCOMES Verifying Political Statements 540 ■ Trends in Media and the Press 542 The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries 543 Network Television Comes to Predominate 544 Rise of New Media 545 ■ Mass Media Companies and the Profit Motive ■ Government Regulation 54Ց 551 ■ In Comparison: Mass Media 554 ■ Are the American Press and Mass Media Biased? Discerning Bias 556 Ideological versus Other Kinds of Bias 558 How Can Bias Occur? 560 CONTENTS 527 556
■ Media Effects 561 Who Chooses Which Media Content and Why? 561 What Is the Effect of Specific Media Content? 563 ч.'.З'ллѴПО;-; Do Fact-Checking Organizations Change Candidate Behavior? 565 Politicians and the Government as Sources 566 ■ The Media as Principals and Agents 567 The Press and Mass Media as Principals 568 The Press and Mass Media as Agents 569 Further Reading Key Terms 571 570 Appendix A-1 The Declaration of Independence A-1 The Articles of Confederation A-5 The Constitution of the United States of America Amendments to the Constitution A֊24 The Federalist Papers A-34 A-12 Glossary G-1 Credits C-1 Index 1-1 CONTENTS |
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| author | Kollman, Ken 1966- |
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| edition | Third core edition; 2018 election update |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV047393934 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T17:50:24Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:10:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780393675290 0393675297 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032795198 |
| oclc_num | 1268175454 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | xxviii, 571 Seiten, 70 Seiten mit getrennter Zählung Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | W.W. Norton & Company |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kollman, Ken 1966- Verfasser aut The American political system Ken Kollman, University of Michigan Third core edition; 2018 election update New York, NY ; London W.W. Norton & Company [2019] xxviii, 571 Seiten, 70 Seiten mit getrennter Zählung Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier United States / Politics and government / Textbooks Politics and government United States Textbooks Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032795198&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kollman, Ken 1966- The American political system |
| title | The American political system |
| title_auth | The American political system |
| title_exact_search | The American political system |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The American political system |
| title_full | The American political system Ken Kollman, University of Michigan |
| title_fullStr | The American political system Ken Kollman, University of Michigan |
| title_full_unstemmed | The American political system Ken Kollman, University of Michigan |
| title_short | The American political system |
| title_sort | the american political system |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032795198&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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