Creating capitals: the rationale, construction, and function of the imperial capitals of Assyria
The creation of new capital cities are watershed moments in the lives of ancient empires. Assyria, arguably the most successful imperial state of the ancient Near East, repeatedly engaged in capital creation. 'Capital creation' denotes the development of a monumental capital, either in a n...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Leiden
Leiden University Press
[2020]
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| Schriftenreihe: | Archaeological studies Leiden University
51 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | The creation of new capital cities are watershed moments in the lives of ancient empires. Assyria, arguably the most successful imperial state of the ancient Near East, repeatedly engaged in capital creation. 'Capital creation' denotes the development of a monumental capital, either in a new location or through the profound transformation of a pre-existing settlement. This volume focusses on the rationale, construction, and function of the imperial capitals of Assyria: Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta, Kalhu, Dur-Sarruken, and Nineveh.0By exploring three key questions - why was a capital created, how was a capital created, and what were the functions of the capital - this study presents a comparative analysis of these four urban centers and presents a new perspective on their creation, as well as an innovative framework for the study of capital creation from antiquity to today. 00Aris Politopoulos is an archaeologist whose research focuses on ancient Near Eastern empires, the development of cities, and the study of play in the past. He is a lecturer of Near Eastern Archaeology at the Faculty of Archaeology (Leiden University) and a post-doctoral researcher for the Past-at-Play Lab in the Leiden University Centre for Arts in Society |
| Beschreibung: | 182 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne |
| ISBN: | 9789087283520 |
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Contents Chapter 1: Creating Capitals - Approaches, Perspectives, and Methodology 9 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 About this Book 1.2 Classifying Cities 1.3 Capital Creation as a Form of Statecraft 1.3.1 Disembedded Capitals 1.3.2 Reframing Capital Creation in Context 1.4 Capital Creation and the Study of Empires 1.5 Methodology 9 11 12 15 18 20 23 24 Chapter 2: Assyria and Aššur 2.1 Choosing Assyria 2.1.1 Historical Context of Assyria 2.1.2 Kings as Builders in Assyria 2.2 Aššur, the Traditional Capital of Assyria 2.2.1 Aššur the God 2.2.2 Aššur the City 2.2.3 The “Citadel” of Aššur 2.2.4 Concluding Remarks on Aššur 28 28 30 31 33 34 35 36 36 Chapter 3: Kār-Tukultī-Ninurta - Capital Creation in the Middle Assyrian Empire 37 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 History of Research and Archaeological Evidence 3.2 Setting the Stage - Historical Overview of Middle Assyria 3.3 Why - Building a Capital, Building an Empire 3.3.1 Previous Interpretations - Regal-centric Approaches 3.3.2 From a Territorial State to Empire 3.4 How - The Realization of a New Capital 3.5 What - The Function and ‘Demise’ of Kār-Tukultī-Ninurta 3.5.1 The Plan and Urban Landscape of Kār-Tukultī-Ninurta 3.5.2 The Citadel 3.5.3 Irrigation System and Agricultural Production 3.5.4 The End of a Capital 37 37 38 42 42 45 49 52 52 53 55 56 Chapter 4: Kalhu - The First New Neo Assyrian Capital 4.1 Introduction 58 58
4.1.1 History of Research and Archaeological Evidence 4.2 From Decline to Empire - Political History of the Early Neo Assyrian State 4.3 Why - The Case of a New(?) Foundation 4.3.1 Landscape Restructuring 4.3.2 Neo Assyrian Imperial Transformation 4.4 How The Construction and Opening Festival of Kalhu 4.4.1 Textual Sources for the Construction of the City and the Banquet Stele 4.4.2 Labor Investment 4.5 What - City Design and Function of Kalhu 4.5.1 City Design, Walls and Gates 4.5.2 Urban Fabric and Residential Areas 4.5.3 The Citadel 4.5.4 Fort Shalmaneser 4.5.5 Gardens 4.5.6 Conclusions on the Function of Kalhu 4.6 Concluding Remarks on the Creation of Kalhu 58 62 63 65 66 69 69 71 71 72 72 76 79 80 82 82 Chapter 5: Dur-Šarrukēn - A Short-lived Capital 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 History of Research and Archaeological Evidence 5.2 Paving the Way - from Decline to Tiglath-Pileser III 5.3 The History of the Sargonic Period 5.4 Why - An attempt of Imperial Consolidation 5.4.1 Geographical Location and Hinterland 5.5 How - Building Dur-Šarrukēn 5.6 What - Urban Design of Dur-Šarrukēn 5.6.1 The Design of the City 5.6.2 Walls 5.6.3 City Gates and Urban Fabric 5.7 What-The Citadels 5.7.1 The Lower Citadel 5.7.2 The Palace Terrace 5.7.3 The Secondary Citadel (Palace F) 5.8 What ֊ Conclusions 83 83 83 84 85 86 87 89 93 93 93 94 96 97 99 101 103 Chapter 6: Nineveh - The Largest Capital of Assyria 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 History of Research 6.2 Middle Assyrian Nineveh 6.3 Neo Assyrian Nineveh 6.4 Historical Context 6.5 Why - A capital waiting to happen? 6.6 How 6.7 What - Urban Layout
6.6.1 City-Wall ֊ Function and Construction 6.6.2 City Gates - Function and Vulnerabilities 6.6.3 The Lower City 6.8 What - Citadels 104 104 104 106 107 109 110 112 112 112 115 116 117
6.8.1 Main Citadel 6.8.2 Nebi Yunus 6.9 What - Waters of Nineveh 6.10 What - Conclusions 117 121 122 125 Chapter 7: Creating Capitals - Comparative Analysis and Conclusions 126 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Why ֊ The Reasons Behind Capital Creation in Assyria 7.2.1 Exploring Aspects of Capital Creation 7.2.2 Geographical Location 7.2.3 Historical Importance of Location 7.2.4 “Disembeddedness”, the Undermining of Elites, and Capitals as Monuments 7.2.5 Overarching Themes in Assyrian Capital Creation 7.2.6 Why Then? Why There? 7.2.7 Historical Conditions - From State to Empire 7.2.8 Historical Conditions - Imperial Transformation 7.2.9 Conclusions 7.3 How ֊ The Construction Process of Assyrian Capitals 7.3.1 A Comparative Framework for the Assessment of Labor Investment in Assyrian Capitals 7.3.2 Building City Walls 7.3.3 Conclusions - Who Builds These Cities? 7.4 What - A Conceptual Challenge 7.4.1 What is Public and What is Private? 7.4.2 The Social Web of Assyrian Capitals and Their Urban Evolution 7.4.3 Defensive Aspects of Assyrian Capitals and Walls as Symbols 7.4.4 Assyrian Capital Cities as Empty Spaces 7.4.5 Conclusions - Function of Assyrian Capitals 126 126 126 127 128 130 131 132 132 133 134 135 136 137 141 141 141 142 142 143 147 8: Conclusions 148 8.1 A Model for Assyrian Capital Creation 8.2 Applicability of the Model through History 8.3 Recommendations 148 151 151 Acknowledgements Bibliography List of Figures List of Tables Appendix 1 Appendix 2 153 154 176 178 180 182 |
| adam_txt |
Contents Chapter 1: Creating Capitals - Approaches, Perspectives, and Methodology 9 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 About this Book 1.2 Classifying Cities 1.3 Capital Creation as a Form of Statecraft 1.3.1 Disembedded Capitals 1.3.2 Reframing Capital Creation in Context 1.4 Capital Creation and the Study of Empires 1.5 Methodology 9 11 12 15 18 20 23 24 Chapter 2: Assyria and Aššur 2.1 Choosing Assyria 2.1.1 Historical Context of Assyria 2.1.2 Kings as Builders in Assyria 2.2 Aššur, the Traditional Capital of Assyria 2.2.1 Aššur the God 2.2.2 Aššur the City 2.2.3 The “Citadel” of Aššur 2.2.4 Concluding Remarks on Aššur 28 28 30 31 33 34 35 36 36 Chapter 3: Kār-Tukultī-Ninurta - Capital Creation in the Middle Assyrian Empire 37 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 History of Research and Archaeological Evidence 3.2 Setting the Stage - Historical Overview of Middle Assyria 3.3 Why - Building a Capital, Building an Empire 3.3.1 Previous Interpretations - Regal-centric Approaches 3.3.2 From a Territorial State to Empire 3.4 How - The Realization of a New Capital 3.5 What - The Function and ‘Demise’ of Kār-Tukultī-Ninurta 3.5.1 The Plan and Urban Landscape of Kār-Tukultī-Ninurta 3.5.2 The Citadel 3.5.3 Irrigation System and Agricultural Production 3.5.4 The End of a Capital 37 37 38 42 42 45 49 52 52 53 55 56 Chapter 4: Kalhu - The First New Neo Assyrian Capital 4.1 Introduction 58 58
4.1.1 History of Research and Archaeological Evidence 4.2 From Decline to Empire - Political History of the Early Neo Assyrian State 4.3 Why - The Case of a New(?) Foundation 4.3.1 Landscape Restructuring 4.3.2 Neo Assyrian Imperial Transformation 4.4 How The Construction and Opening Festival of Kalhu 4.4.1 Textual Sources for the Construction of the City and the Banquet Stele 4.4.2 Labor Investment 4.5 What - City Design and Function of Kalhu 4.5.1 City Design, Walls and Gates 4.5.2 Urban Fabric and Residential Areas 4.5.3 The Citadel 4.5.4 Fort Shalmaneser 4.5.5 Gardens 4.5.6 Conclusions on the Function of Kalhu 4.6 Concluding Remarks on the Creation of Kalhu 58 62 63 65 66 69 69 71 71 72 72 76 79 80 82 82 Chapter 5: Dur-Šarrukēn - A Short-lived Capital 5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 History of Research and Archaeological Evidence 5.2 Paving the Way - from Decline to Tiglath-Pileser III 5.3 The History of the Sargonic Period 5.4 Why - An attempt of Imperial Consolidation 5.4.1 Geographical Location and Hinterland 5.5 How - Building Dur-Šarrukēn 5.6 What - Urban Design of Dur-Šarrukēn 5.6.1 The Design of the City 5.6.2 Walls 5.6.3 City Gates and Urban Fabric 5.7 What-The Citadels 5.7.1 The Lower Citadel 5.7.2 The Palace Terrace 5.7.3 The Secondary Citadel (Palace F) 5.8 What ֊ Conclusions 83 83 83 84 85 86 87 89 93 93 93 94 96 97 99 101 103 Chapter 6: Nineveh - The Largest Capital of Assyria 6.1 Introduction 6.1.1 History of Research 6.2 Middle Assyrian Nineveh 6.3 Neo Assyrian Nineveh 6.4 Historical Context 6.5 Why - A capital waiting to happen? 6.6 How 6.7 What - Urban Layout
6.6.1 City-Wall ֊ Function and Construction 6.6.2 City Gates - Function and Vulnerabilities 6.6.3 The Lower City 6.8 What - Citadels 104 104 104 106 107 109 110 112 112 112 115 116 117
6.8.1 Main Citadel 6.8.2 Nebi Yunus 6.9 What - Waters of Nineveh 6.10 What - Conclusions 117 121 122 125 Chapter 7: Creating Capitals - Comparative Analysis and Conclusions 126 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Why ֊ The Reasons Behind Capital Creation in Assyria 7.2.1 Exploring Aspects of Capital Creation 7.2.2 Geographical Location 7.2.3 Historical Importance of Location 7.2.4 “Disembeddedness”, the Undermining of Elites, and Capitals as Monuments 7.2.5 Overarching Themes in Assyrian Capital Creation 7.2.6 Why Then? Why There? 7.2.7 Historical Conditions - From State to Empire 7.2.8 Historical Conditions - Imperial Transformation 7.2.9 Conclusions 7.3 How ֊ The Construction Process of Assyrian Capitals 7.3.1 A Comparative Framework for the Assessment of Labor Investment in Assyrian Capitals 7.3.2 Building City Walls 7.3.3 Conclusions - Who Builds These Cities? 7.4 What - A Conceptual Challenge 7.4.1 What is Public and What is Private? 7.4.2 The Social Web of Assyrian Capitals and Their Urban Evolution 7.4.3 Defensive Aspects of Assyrian Capitals and Walls as Symbols 7.4.4 Assyrian Capital Cities as Empty Spaces 7.4.5 Conclusions - Function of Assyrian Capitals 126 126 126 127 128 130 131 132 132 133 134 135 136 137 141 141 141 142 142 143 147 8: Conclusions 148 8.1 A Model for Assyrian Capital Creation 8.2 Applicability of the Model through History 8.3 Recommendations 148 151 151 Acknowledgements Bibliography List of Figures List of Tables Appendix 1 Appendix 2 153 154 176 178 180 182 |
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| series2 | Archaeological studies Leiden University |
| spelling | Politopulos, Arēs ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)1223667316 aut Creating capitals the rationale, construction, and function of the imperial capitals of Assyria Aris Politopoulos Leiden Leiden University Press [2020] 182 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten, Pläne txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Archaeological studies Leiden University 51 The creation of new capital cities are watershed moments in the lives of ancient empires. Assyria, arguably the most successful imperial state of the ancient Near East, repeatedly engaged in capital creation. 'Capital creation' denotes the development of a monumental capital, either in a new location or through the profound transformation of a pre-existing settlement. This volume focusses on the rationale, construction, and function of the imperial capitals of Assyria: Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta, Kalhu, Dur-Sarruken, and Nineveh.0By exploring three key questions - why was a capital created, how was a capital created, and what were the functions of the capital - this study presents a comparative analysis of these four urban centers and presents a new perspective on their creation, as well as an innovative framework for the study of capital creation from antiquity to today. 00Aris Politopoulos is an archaeologist whose research focuses on ancient Near Eastern empires, the development of cities, and the study of play in the past. He is a lecturer of Near Eastern Archaeology at the Faculty of Archaeology (Leiden University) and a post-doctoral researcher for the Past-at-Play Lab in the Leiden University Centre for Arts in Society Hauptstadt (DE-588)4127960-8 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Assyrien (DE-588)4003285-1 gnd rswk-swf Assyrien (DE-2581)TH000003402 gbd Architektur des Alten Orients (DE-2581)TH000008030 gbd Assyrien (DE-588)4003285-1 g Hauptstadt (DE-588)4127960-8 s Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-94-0060-388-2 Archaeological studies Leiden University 51 (DE-604)BV012172645 51 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032767627&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Politopulos, Arēs ca. 20./21. Jh Creating capitals the rationale, construction, and function of the imperial capitals of Assyria Archaeological studies Leiden University Hauptstadt (DE-588)4127960-8 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4127960-8 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4003285-1 |
| title | Creating capitals the rationale, construction, and function of the imperial capitals of Assyria |
| title_auth | Creating capitals the rationale, construction, and function of the imperial capitals of Assyria |
| title_exact_search | Creating capitals the rationale, construction, and function of the imperial capitals of Assyria |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Creating capitals the rationale, construction, and function of the imperial capitals of Assyria |
| title_full | Creating capitals the rationale, construction, and function of the imperial capitals of Assyria Aris Politopoulos |
| title_fullStr | Creating capitals the rationale, construction, and function of the imperial capitals of Assyria Aris Politopoulos |
| title_full_unstemmed | Creating capitals the rationale, construction, and function of the imperial capitals of Assyria Aris Politopoulos |
| title_short | Creating capitals |
| title_sort | creating capitals the rationale construction and function of the imperial capitals of assyria |
| title_sub | the rationale, construction, and function of the imperial capitals of Assyria |
| topic | Hauptstadt (DE-588)4127960-8 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Hauptstadt Ausgrabung Assyrien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032767627&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV012172645 |
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