Verfügbarkeit: Ultimate Arduino Uno hardware manual

Ultimate Arduino Uno hardware manual: a reference and user guide for the Arduino Uno hardware and firmware

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Smith, Warwick A. (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Susteren, The Netherlands Elektor 2021
Schriftenreihe:	Elektor books
Schlagworte:	Arduino Uno Arduino-Plattform User Guide Firmware Hardware Genuino Uno
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	Auf dem Umschlag: "Revised and updated"
Beschreibung:	198 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 23.5 cm x 17 cm
ISBN:	9783895764349 3895764345

Internformat

MARC


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245	1	0	\|a Ultimate Arduino Uno hardware manual \|b a reference and user guide for the Arduino Uno hardware and firmware \|c Warwick A. Smith
264		1	\|a Susteren, The Netherlands \|b Elektor \|c 2021
300			\|a 198 Seiten \|b Illustrationen, Diagramme \|c 23.5 cm x 17 cm
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653			\|a User Guide
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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 13 WHY BUY THIS ARDUINO UNO HARDWARE MANUAL? .......................................................... 13 TARGET AUDIENCE ............................................................................................................... 14 PREREQUISITES .................................................................................................................... 14 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................. 15 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................. 15 WHAT IS COVERED AND WHAT S NOT COVERED .................................................................. 16 HOW TO USE THIS BOOK ...................................................................................................... 16 ACCOMPANYING RESOURCES ............................................................................................. 17 DISCLAIMER, ERRORS AND CORRECTIONS .............................................................................. 17 A NOTE FROM THE AUTHOR ................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 1 * ARDUINO UNO OVERVIEW 19 1.1 ARDUINO UNO DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONALITY ...................................................... 20 1.1.1 ARDUINO UNO ........................................................................................................ 20 1.1.2 ARDUINO UNO SMD ............................................................................................... 20 1.1.3 USES OF THE ARDUINO UNO .................................................................................... 21 1.1.4 ARDUINO UNO MAIN PARTS ..................................................................................... 22 1.1.4.1 MAIN MICROCONTROLLER .................................................................................. 22 1.1.4.2 USB CONNECTOR .......................................................................................... 23 1.1.4.3 EXTERNAL POWER IN ...................................................................................... 23 1.1.4.4 RESET BUTTON .............................................................................................. 23 1.1.4.5 HEADER SOCKETS WITH ARDUINO PINS ........................................................... 23 1.1.4.6 ON LED ...................................................................................................... 24 1.1.4.7 LLED .......................................................................................................... 24 1.1.4.8 TX LED (TRANSMIT) ..................................................................................... 24 1.1.4.9 RX LED (RECEIVE) ...................................................................................... 24 1.1.4.10 ATMEGAL6U2 MICROCONTROLLER .................................................................. 24 1.1.4.11 ICSP HEADER ............................................................................................. 24 1.1.4.12 ICSP HEADER FOR ATMEGAL6U2 ............................................................... 25 1.1.4.13 MOUNTING HOLES ...................................................................................... 26 1.1.5 PROGRAMMING ........................................................................................................ 26 1.1.6 EXTENDING THE HARDWARE ..................................................................................... 28 1.1.6.1 ADD-ON BOARDS: SHIELDS ............................................................................. 28 STACKING SHIELDS ................................................................................................ 28 SHIELD REVERSE CONNECTION PROTECTION ............................................................ 29 1.1.6.2 PROTOTYPE SHIELDS ....................................................................................... 29 1.1.6.3 STRIP-BOARD ...................................................................................................30 1.1.6.4 ELECTRONIC BREADBOARD ................................................................................30 1.1.6.5 CUSTOM PCB ................................................................................................ 31 1.1.7 OPEN-SOURCE, LICENSING AND LOGO .................................................................... 32 1.1.8 THIRD PARTY COMPATIBLE BOARDS .......................................................................... 32 1.1.9 BUILD QUALITY, WARRANTY AND SAFETY .................................................................... 33 1.1.10 ARDUINO AND GENUINE ........................................................................................ 34 1.2 ARDUINO UNO FIRMWARE .............................................................................................. 35 1.2.1 USB BRIDGE FIRMWARE ......................................................................................... 35 1.2.2 BOOTLOADER ............................................................................................................ 35 1.3 PRECAUTIONS DURING HANDLING AND USAGE .............................................................. 36 1.3.1 STATIC ELECTRICITY ................................................................................................... 36 1.3.2 WORK SURFACE ....................................................................................................... 38 1.3.3 POWER .................................................................................................................... 38 1.3.4 VOLTAGE ................................................................................................................. 38 1.3.5 HANDLING ............................................................................................................... 39 1.3.6 INTERFACING PRECAUTIONS ....................................................................................... 39 1.4 ARDUINO UNO HISTORY AND REVISIONS .......................................................................40 1.5 FIRST TIME USE AND BASIC TESTING ........................................................................... 41 1.5.1 NEW ARDUINO UNO DEFAULT BEHAVIOR ................................................................... 41 1.5.1.1 COMPUTER DRIVERS ....................................................................................... 42 1.5.1.2 ARDUINO UNO HARDWARE BEHAVIOR ...............................................................43 ON LED ...............................................................................................................43 LED FLASHED BY BOOTLOADER ..............................................................................43 FACTORY OR USER LOADED SKETCH RUNNING ........................................................43 1.5.2 LOADING A SKETCH TO AN ARDUINO UNO .................................................................43 1.5.2.1 SELECT BOARD AND PORT ................................................................................44 1.5.2.2 LOADING A TEST SKETCH ................................................................................ 45 OPEN THE TEST SKETCH ........................................................................................ 45 4 UPLOAD THE SKETCH ............................................................................................ 45 MODIFY THE SKETCH ............................................................................................. 45 1.5.2.3 SERIAL PORT DEMONSTRATION ...................................................................... 46 SERIAL PORT SKETCH EXAMPLE ............................................................................. 46 SERIAL MONITOR WINDOW ..................................................................................... 46 1.5.3 BASIC TESTING .................................................................................................... 48 1.5.3.1 VISUALLY INSPECT THE BOARD ........................................................................ 48 1.5.3.2 POWER LED AND VOLTAGES .......................................................................... 48 1.5.3.3 CHECK EXPECTED DEFAULT BEHAVIOR ........................................................... 49 1.5.3.4 IS THE BOARD RECOGNIZED BY THE HOST COMPUTER? ................................... 49 1.5.3.5 LOAD A TEST SKETCH .................................................................................... 49 1.6 ARDUINO UNO REFERENCES AND HELP ...................................................................... 49 1.6.1 INSTALLING SOFTWARE .............................................................................................. 50 1.6.1.1 WINDOWS ..................................................................................................... 50 1.6.1.2 MAC CSX .................................................................................................. 50 1.6.1.3 LINUX ........................................................................................................... 50 1.6.2 GETTING STARTED, EXAMPLES AND REFERENCE ....................................................... 50 1.6.2.1 GETTING STARTED GUIDES ............................................................................. 50 1.6.2.2 ARDUINO EXAMPLES AND TUTORIALS ............................................................... 50 1.6.2.3 BUILDING BREADBOARD CIRCUITS .................................................................... 50 1.6.2.4 ARDUINO SOFTWARE REFERENCE ..................................................................... 50 1.6.3 GETTING HELP ........................................................................................................ 51 1.6.4 RELATED OPEN-SOURCE PROJECTS .......................................................................... 51 1.6.4.1 FRITZING ....................................................................................................... 51 1.6.4.2 WIRING ......................................................................................................... 52 1.6.4.3 PROCESSING ................................................................................................. 52 1.6.5 ARDUINO UNO BOARDS ON THE WEB ....................................................................... 52 1.6.5.1 ARDUINO UNO WEB PAGE ............................................................................. 53 1.6.5.2 ARDUINO UNO SMD WEB PAGE ................................................................... 53 CHAPTER 2 * HARDWARE TECHNICAL INFORMATION 55 2.1 MICROCONTROLLER .......................................................................................................... 56 2.2 ATMEL, MICROCHIP AND AVR ....................................................................................... 57 2.3 MEMORY ....................................................................................................................... 57 2.3.1 FLASH MEMORY ................................................................................................... 57 2.3.1.1 FLASH MEMORY SIZE ................................................................................... 58 5 2.3.1.2 FLASH WEAR .................................................................................................. 58 2.3.1.3 DATA RETENTION ............................................................................................ 58 2.3.2 SRAM .................................................................................................................... 58 2.3.2.1 VOLATILE MEMORY .......................................................................................... 58 2.3.2.2 SRAM SIZE .................................................................................................. 58 2.3.3 EEPROM .............................................................................................................. 59 2.3.3.1 EEPROM PROGRAMMING ............................................................................. 59 2.3.3.2 EEPROM SIZE ............................................................................................. 59 2.3.3.3 EEPROM WEAR ........................................................................................... 59 2.3.4 ADDING EXTERNAL MEMORY ..................................................................................... 59 2.3.4.1 SD CARDS (SPI INTERFACE) ........................................................................... 59 2.3.4.2 FLASH AND EEPROM CHIPS (SPI I TWI INTERFACE) .................................... 61 2.3.4.3 SPI DEVICES ................................................................................................. 61 2.3.4.4 TWI AND L 2 C DEVICES .................................................................................. 61 2.4 POWER AND USB ........................................................................................................... 61 2.4.1 USB POWER ........................................................................................................... 62 2.4.2 USB CONNECTION AND CABLE ................................................................................ 62 2.4.3 EXTERNAL POWER .................................................................................................... 63 2.4.4 BATTERY POWER ...................................................................................................... 64 2.4.5 OPERATING VOLTAGE ................................................................................................ 66 2.5 OPERATING FREQUENCY ................................................................................................. 66 2.6 LED INDICATORS AND RESET BUTTON ............................................................................ 66 2.6.1 ON LED ................................................................................................................ 67 2.6.2 LLED .................................................................................................................... 67 2.6.3 TX LED ................................................................................................................. 68 2.6.4 RX LED ................................................................................................................. 68 2.6.5 RESET BUTTON ........................................................................................................ 68 2.7 USER PIN HEADERS ........................................................................................................ 68 2.7.1 POWER PINS ........................................................................................................... 69 2.7.1.1 GND PINS ..................................................................................................... 69 2.7.1.2 5V PIN .......................................................................................................... 69 2.7.1.3 3.3V PIN ....................................................................................................... 69 2.7.1.4 VIN PM ......................................................................................................... 69 2.7.2 IOREF PIN AND UNCONNECTED PIN ....................................................................... 69 2.7.3 RESET PIN .......................................................................................................... 70 2.7.4 DIGITAL AND PWM PINS ........................................................................................ 70 6 2.7.4.1 OUTPUT PINS ................................................................................................ 70 2.7.4.2 PIN CURRENT RATING ..................................................................................... 72 2.7.4.3 INPUT PINS ................................................................................................... 73 2.7.4.4 PWM PINS ................................................................................................... 74 PWM EXAMPLE SKETCH ...................................................................................... 75 CALCULATING PWM DUTY CYCLE ........................................................................... 76 PWM FREQUENCY ................................................................................................ 76 PWM LED CONTROL EXAMPLE ............................................................................. 76 2.7.4.5 SERIAL PORT / UART PINS ............................................................................. 77 2.7.5 ANALOG IN PINS ..................................................................................................... 78 2.7.5.1 ANALOG IN EXAMPLE SKETCH ........................................................................ 78 2.7.5.2 FLOATING ANALOG INPUT PIN .......................................................................... 78 2.7.5.3 CALCULATING ANALOG IN VOLTAGE .................................................................... 79 2.7.5.4 ANALOG IN PINS USED FOR TWI ..................................................................... 79 2.7.5.5 ANALOG IN PINS USED AS DIGITAL I/O ........................................................... 79 2.7.6 AREF PIN ............................................................................................................. 80 2.8 PROGRAMMING HEADERS ............................................................................................. 81 2.8.1 PROGRAMMING THE ARDUINO UNO WITH EXTERNAL PROGRAMMER ON ICSP .............. 81 2.8.2 RESTORE THE BOOTLOADER WITH IDE AND EXTERNAL PROGRAMMER .......................... 82 2.8.3 ATMEGAL6U2 ICSP HEADER ............................................................................... 82 2.8.4 ICSP PROGRAMMING RESOURCES ......................................................................... 82 2.8.5 USING AN ARDUINO AS AN IN-SYSTEM PROGRAMMER .............................................. 83 2.9 SHARED PINS ................................................................................................................ 83 2.9.1 SERIAL PORT PINS ................................................................................................... 83 2.9.2 L LED PIN ............................................................................................................ 83 2.9.3 TWI OR L 2 C PINS ................................................................................................... 83 2.9.4 ICSP SPI PINS AND RESET .................................................................................. 84 CHAPTER 3 YY PIN REFERENCE AND INTERFACING 87 3.1 PIN DEFAULT AND ALTERNATE FUNCTIONS ...................................................................... 88 3.1.1 SHARED TWI PINS ................................................................................................ 88 3.1.2 SHARED SPI PINS ................................................................................................. 88 3.2 ATMEGA328P TO ARDUINO UNO PIN MAPPING ........................................................... 90 3.2.1 ATMEGA328P PORTS ............................................................................................. 92 3.2.2 ATMEGA328P ALTERNATE PIN FUNCTIONS .............................................................. 92 3.3 PIN TYPES AND INTERFACING ........................................................................................ 93 7 3.3.1 DIGITAL INPUT / OUTPUT PINS ................................................................................... 93 3.3.1.1 PINS AS OUTPUTS ........................................................................................... 93 WHY AN LED NEEDS A SERIES RESISTOR ............................................................. 94 HOW TO CALCULATE A LED CURRENT LIMITING SERIES RESISTOR ............................. 95 CURRENT SOURCING AND CURRENT SINKING ............................................................. 97 CURRENT SOURCING ................................................................................................ 97 CURRENT SINKING ................................................................................................... 98 CURRENT LIMITATION PER PIN ................................................................................. 99 I/O PORT CURRENT SOURCE LIMITS ......................................................................... 99 I/O PORT CURRENT SINK LIMITS ............................................................................ 101 SWITCHING HEAVIER LOADS WITH TRANSISTORS AND RELAYS ................................ 103 3.3.1.2 PINS AS INPUTS ........................................................................................... 105 PULL-DOWN RESISTOR ........................................................................................... 106 PULL-UP RESISTOR ................................................................................................ 107 INTERNAL PULL-UP RESISTORS ................................................................................ 108 3.3.2 PWM PINS ........................................................................................................... 109 3.3.3 ANALOG PINS ......................................................................................................... 110 3.3.4 TWI BUS PINS ...................................................................................................... ILL 3.3.4.1 TWI INTERFACING EXAMPLE .......................................................................... ILL PULL-UP RESISTORS .............................................................................................. 112 3.3.4.2 ACCESSING TWI DEVICES IN SOFTWARE ........................................................ 113 3.3.5 SPI BUS PINS ...................................................................................................... 114 3.3.5.1 SPI BUS INTERFACING EXAMPLE ................................................................... 114 3.3.5.2 ACCESSING SPI DEVICES IN SOFTWARE ........................................................ 116 3.3.5.3 ACCESSING SD CARDS IN SOFTWARE ............................................................. 116 3.3.6 SERIAL / UART PINS ............................................................................................. 116 3.3.6.1 HARDWARE SERIAL PORT ................................................................................ 117 3.3.6.2 SOFTWARE SERIAL PORT .................................................................................. 117 3.3.7 POWER PINS ......................................................................................................... 118 3.3.7.1 GND PINS ................................................................................................... 118 3.3.7.2 5V PIN ......................................................................................................... 118 USB 5V .............................................................................................................. 118 EXTERNAL POWER TO 5V REGULATOR ...................................................................... 118 3.3.7.3 3.3V PIN ..................................................................................................... 119 3.3.7.4 VIN PIN ........................................................................................................ 119 3.3.8 RESET PIN ............................................................................................................ 119 3.3.9 IOREF PIN .......................................................................................................... 120 8 3.3.10 AREF PIN 120 3.4 ICSP HEADER ON MAIN MICROCONTROLLER ................................................................. 121 3.5 ICSP HEADER ON USB MICROCONTROLLER .................................................................. 122 3.6 JP2 HEADER ON USB MICROCONTROLLER .................................................................... 123 3.7 FINDING THE DATASHEETS .......................................................................................... 125 3.7.1 ATMEGA328P DATASHEET .................................................................................. 125 3.7.2 ATMEGAL6U2 DATASHEET .................................................................................. 125 3.7.3 DATASHEETS FOR OTHER COMPONENTS ................................................................. 125 CHAPTER 4 * POWER REFERENCE 127 4.1 POWER SUPPLY SPECIFICATION .................................................................................. 128 4.1.1 OPERATING VOLTAGE ............................................................................................ 128 4.1.2 USB POWER INPUT .............................................................................................. 128 4.1.3 EXTERNAL POWER JACK INPUT ............................................................................... 128 4.1.4 EXTERNAL POWER JACK PINOUT ............................................................................ 129 4.1.5 VIN PIN AS POWER INPUT .................................................................................... 129 4.2 POWER CIRCUIT ........................................................................................................... 129 4.2.1 EXTERNAL POWER IN AND 5V REGULATOR .............................................................. 129 4.2.2 POWER ON INDICATOR LED .................................................................................. 130 4.2.3 USB POWER IN ................................................................................................... 130 4.2.4 AUTOMATIC SWITCH .............................................................................................. 131 4.2.5 3.3V REGULATOR .................................................................................................. 131 4.2.6 POWER HEADER SOCKET ...................................................................................... 131 4.3 POWER SUPPLY PROTECTION .................................................................................... 132 4.3.1 REVERSE POLARITY PROTECTION ............................................................................. 132 4.3.2 5V REGULATOR PROTECTION FEATURES ................................................................... 132 4.3.3 3.3V REGULATOR PROTECTION FEATURES ............................................................... 132 4.3.4 USB OVERLOAD PROTECTION ................................................................................. 132 CHAPTER 5 * ARDUINO UNO FIRMWARE AND BOOTLOADER 133 5.1 UPDATING THE USB TO SERIAL BRIDGE FIRMWARE USING DFU ................................. 134 5.2 MICROCHIP STUDIO ..................................................................................................... 135 5.3 USB MICROCONTROLLER FIRMWARE .............................................................................. 137 5.3.1 BACKING UP THE ATMEGAL6U2 FIRMWARE WITH MICROCHIP STUDIO ..................... 137 5.3.2 DFU BOOTLOADER FIRMWARE ............................................................................... 139 9 5.3.3 USB TO SERIAL BRIDGE FIRMWARE ........................................................................ 139 5.3.4 PROGRAMMING THE USB MICROCONTROLLER USING ICSP ........................................ 140 5.3.5. ATMEGAL6U2 FUSE SETTINGS ........................................................................... 141 5.4 MAIN MICROCONTROLLER BOOTLOADER ......................................................................... 142 5.4.1 BACKING UP THE ATMEGA328P FIRMWARE WITH MICROCHIP STUDIO ..................... 142 5.4.2 OPTIBOOT BOOTLOADER FIRMWARE ......................................................................... 143 5.4.3 RESTORING THE BOOTLOADER .................................................................................. 144 5.4.4 ATMEGA328P FUSE SETTINGS ............................................................................. 144 5.5 THE RESET-EN SOLDER JUMPER ............................................................................... 148 5.6 ALTERNATIVE FIRMWARE PROGRAMMING METHODS ..................................................... 149 CHAPTER 6 YY CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND COMPONENTS 151 6.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ......................................................................................................... 152 6.1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM .................................................................................................... 152 6.1.2 MAIN MICROCONTROLLER CIRCUIT .............................................................................. 153 6.1.3 USB MICROCONTROLLER CIRCUIT .............................................................................. 154 6.1.4 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT ......................................................................................... 155 6.2 COMPONENT LIST ........................................................................................................ 156 6.3 COMPONENT POSITIONS ON THE BOARD ..................................................................... 159 6.4 GETTING AN ELECTRONIC COPY OF THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ........................................... 160 CHAPTER 7 YY FAULT FINDING AND MEASUREMENT 161 7.1 BASIC FAULT FINDING AND REPAIR .......................................................................... 162 7.2 REPLACING THE MAIN ARDUINO UNO MICROCONTROLLER ............................................. 162 7.2.1 REPLACEMENT PART .............................................................................................. 163 7.2.2 REMOVING THE OLD MICROCONTROLLER ................................................................... 163 7.2.3 INSERTING THE NEW MICROCONTROLLER .................................................................... 163 7.2.4 LOADING THE BOOTLOADER ..................................................................................... 165 7.3 VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS ............................................................................................ 165 7.3.1 POWERED FROM USB ............................................................................................ 166 7.3.1.1 5V TEST POINTS ........................................................................................... 166 7.3.1.2 USB POWER AND 3.3V CIRCUIT TEST POINTS ............................................... 166 7.3.1.3 MEASURING VOLTAGE ON THE L AND ON LEDS ............................................ 167 7.3.2 POWERED FROM EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY ............................................................. 167 10 7.4 WAVEFORM PATTERNS AND MEASUREMENT .............................................................. 169 7.4.1 TESTING FOR PRESENCE OF MICROCONTROLLER CLOCKS .............................................. 170 7.4.2 TESTING FOR PWM WAVEFORMS ........................................................................... 171 7.4.3 TESTING THE UART OUTPUT ................................................................................. 172 7.4.4 TWI SIGNALS ....................................................................................................... 173 7.4.5 SPI SIGNALS ....................................................................................................... 175 CHAPTER 8 YY MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS AND TEMPLATES 177 8.1 MEASUREMENTS, TOLERANCE AND SCALE ................................................................... 178 8.2 LENGTH, WIDTH AND MASS ........................................................................................ 178 8.3 MOUNTING HOLE SPACING AND SIZE ......................................................................... 180 8.4 SHAPE DIMENSIONS .................................................................................................. 181 8.5 HEADER POSITIONS ..................................................................................................... 182 8.6 SHIELD REVERSE CONNECTION PROTECTION ............................................................... 183 8.7 USING STRIP-BOARD AS A SHIELD ............................................................................... 184 8.8 DRILL TEMPLATE AND KICAD TEMPLATE ...................................................................... 184 APPENDIX A YY SPECIFICATIONS QUICK REFERENCE 185 INDEX 189 11
adam_txt	TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 13 WHY BUY THIS ARDUINO UNO HARDWARE MANUAL? . 13 TARGET AUDIENCE . 14 PREREQUISITES . 14 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS . 15 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS . 15 WHAT IS COVERED AND WHAT ' S NOT COVERED . 16 HOW TO USE THIS BOOK . 16 ACCOMPANYING RESOURCES . 17 DISCLAIMER, ERRORS AND CORRECTIONS . 17 A NOTE FROM THE AUTHOR . 17 CHAPTER 1 * ARDUINO UNO OVERVIEW 19 1.1 ARDUINO UNO DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONALITY . 20 1.1.1 ARDUINO UNO . 20 1.1.2 ARDUINO UNO SMD . 20 1.1.3 USES OF THE ARDUINO UNO . 21 1.1.4 ARDUINO UNO MAIN PARTS . 22 1.1.4.1 MAIN MICROCONTROLLER . 22 1.1.4.2 USB CONNECTOR . 23 1.1.4.3 EXTERNAL POWER IN . 23 1.1.4.4 RESET BUTTON . 23 1.1.4.5 HEADER SOCKETS WITH ARDUINO PINS . 23 1.1.4.6 ON LED . 24 1.1.4.7 LLED . 24 1.1.4.8 TX LED (TRANSMIT) . 24 1.1.4.9 RX LED (RECEIVE) . 24 1.1.4.10 ATMEGAL6U2 MICROCONTROLLER . 24 1.1.4.11 ICSP HEADER . 24 1.1.4.12 ICSP HEADER FOR ATMEGAL6U2 . 25 1.1.4.13 MOUNTING HOLES . 26 1.1.5 PROGRAMMING . 26 1.1.6 EXTENDING THE HARDWARE . 28 1.1.6.1 ADD-ON BOARDS: SHIELDS . 28 STACKING SHIELDS . 28 SHIELD REVERSE CONNECTION PROTECTION . 29 1.1.6.2 PROTOTYPE SHIELDS . 29 1.1.6.3 STRIP-BOARD .30 1.1.6.4 ELECTRONIC BREADBOARD .30 1.1.6.5 CUSTOM PCB . 31 1.1.7 OPEN-SOURCE, LICENSING AND LOGO . 32 1.1.8 THIRD PARTY COMPATIBLE BOARDS . 32 1.1.9 BUILD QUALITY, WARRANTY AND SAFETY . 33 1.1.10 ARDUINO AND GENUINE . 34 1.2 ARDUINO UNO FIRMWARE . 35 1.2.1 USB BRIDGE FIRMWARE . 35 1.2.2 BOOTLOADER . 35 1.3 PRECAUTIONS DURING HANDLING AND USAGE . 36 1.3.1 STATIC ELECTRICITY . 36 1.3.2 WORK SURFACE . 38 1.3.3 POWER . 38 1.3.4 VOLTAGE . 38 1.3.5 HANDLING . 39 1.3.6 INTERFACING PRECAUTIONS . 39 1.4 ARDUINO UNO HISTORY AND REVISIONS .40 1.5 FIRST TIME USE AND BASIC TESTING . 41 1.5.1 NEW ARDUINO UNO DEFAULT BEHAVIOR . 41 1.5.1.1 COMPUTER DRIVERS . 42 1.5.1.2 ARDUINO UNO HARDWARE BEHAVIOR .43 ON LED .43 LED FLASHED BY BOOTLOADER .43 FACTORY OR USER LOADED SKETCH RUNNING .43 1.5.2 LOADING A SKETCH TO AN ARDUINO UNO .43 1.5.2.1 SELECT BOARD AND PORT .44 1.5.2.2 LOADING A TEST SKETCH . 45 OPEN THE TEST SKETCH . 45 4 UPLOAD THE SKETCH . 45 MODIFY THE SKETCH . 45 1.5.2.3 SERIAL PORT DEMONSTRATION . 46 SERIAL PORT SKETCH EXAMPLE . 46 SERIAL MONITOR WINDOW . 46 1.5.3 BASIC TESTING . 48 1.5.3.1 VISUALLY INSPECT THE BOARD . 48 1.5.3.2 POWER LED AND VOLTAGES . 48 1.5.3.3 CHECK EXPECTED DEFAULT BEHAVIOR . 49 1.5.3.4 IS THE BOARD RECOGNIZED BY THE HOST COMPUTER? . 49 1.5.3.5 LOAD A TEST SKETCH . 49 1.6 ARDUINO UNO REFERENCES AND HELP . 49 1.6.1 INSTALLING SOFTWARE . 50 1.6.1.1 WINDOWS . 50 1.6.1.2 MAC CSX . 50 1.6.1.3 LINUX . 50 1.6.2 GETTING STARTED, EXAMPLES AND REFERENCE . 50 1.6.2.1 GETTING STARTED GUIDES . 50 1.6.2.2 ARDUINO EXAMPLES AND TUTORIALS . 50 1.6.2.3 BUILDING BREADBOARD CIRCUITS . 50 1.6.2.4 ARDUINO SOFTWARE REFERENCE . 50 1.6.3 GETTING HELP . 51 1.6.4 RELATED OPEN-SOURCE PROJECTS . 51 1.6.4.1 FRITZING . 51 1.6.4.2 WIRING . 52 1.6.4.3 PROCESSING . 52 1.6.5 ARDUINO UNO BOARDS ON THE WEB . 52 1.6.5.1 ARDUINO UNO WEB PAGE . 53 1.6.5.2 ARDUINO UNO SMD WEB PAGE . 53 CHAPTER 2 * HARDWARE TECHNICAL INFORMATION 55 2.1 MICROCONTROLLER . 56 2.2 ATMEL, MICROCHIP AND AVR . 57 2.3 MEMORY . 57 2.3.1 FLASH MEMORY . 57 2.3.1.1 FLASH MEMORY SIZE . 58 5 2.3.1.2 FLASH WEAR . 58 2.3.1.3 DATA RETENTION . 58 2.3.2 SRAM . 58 2.3.2.1 VOLATILE MEMORY . 58 2.3.2.2 SRAM SIZE . 58 2.3.3 EEPROM . 59 2.3.3.1 EEPROM PROGRAMMING . 59 2.3.3.2 EEPROM SIZE . 59 2.3.3.3 EEPROM WEAR . 59 2.3.4 ADDING EXTERNAL MEMORY . 59 2.3.4.1 SD CARDS (SPI INTERFACE) . 59 2.3.4.2 FLASH AND EEPROM CHIPS (SPI I TWI INTERFACE) . 61 2.3.4.3 SPI DEVICES . 61 2.3.4.4 TWI AND L 2 C DEVICES . 61 2.4 POWER AND USB . 61 2.4.1 USB POWER . 62 2.4.2 USB CONNECTION AND CABLE . 62 2.4.3 EXTERNAL POWER . 63 2.4.4 BATTERY POWER . 64 2.4.5 OPERATING VOLTAGE . 66 2.5 OPERATING FREQUENCY . 66 2.6 LED INDICATORS AND RESET BUTTON . 66 2.6.1 ON LED . 67 2.6.2 LLED . 67 2.6.3 TX LED . 68 2.6.4 RX LED . 68 2.6.5 RESET BUTTON . 68 2.7 USER PIN HEADERS . 68 2.7.1 POWER PINS . 69 2.7.1.1 GND PINS . 69 2.7.1.2 5V PIN . 69 2.7.1.3 3.3V PIN . 69 2.7.1.4 VIN PM . 69 2.7.2 IOREF PIN AND UNCONNECTED PIN . 69 2.7.3 RESET PIN . 70 2.7.4 DIGITAL AND PWM PINS . 70 6 2.7.4.1 OUTPUT PINS . 70 2.7.4.2 PIN CURRENT RATING . 72 2.7.4.3 INPUT PINS . 73 2.7.4.4 PWM PINS . 74 PWM EXAMPLE SKETCH . 75 CALCULATING PWM DUTY CYCLE . 76 PWM FREQUENCY . 76 PWM LED CONTROL EXAMPLE . 76 2.7.4.5 SERIAL PORT / UART PINS . 77 2.7.5 ANALOG IN PINS . 78 2.7.5.1 ANALOG IN EXAMPLE SKETCH . 78 2.7.5.2 FLOATING ANALOG INPUT PIN . 78 2.7.5.3 CALCULATING ANALOG IN VOLTAGE . 79 2.7.5.4 ANALOG IN PINS USED FOR TWI . 79 2.7.5.5 ANALOG IN PINS USED AS DIGITAL I/O . 79 2.7.6 AREF PIN . 80 2.8 PROGRAMMING HEADERS . 81 2.8.1 PROGRAMMING THE ARDUINO UNO WITH EXTERNAL PROGRAMMER ON ICSP . 81 2.8.2 RESTORE THE BOOTLOADER WITH IDE AND EXTERNAL PROGRAMMER . 82 2.8.3 ATMEGAL6U2 ICSP HEADER . 82 2.8.4 ICSP PROGRAMMING RESOURCES . 82 2.8.5 USING AN ARDUINO AS AN IN-SYSTEM PROGRAMMER . 83 2.9 SHARED PINS . 83 2.9.1 SERIAL PORT PINS . 83 2.9.2 L LED PIN . 83 2.9.3 TWI OR L 2 C PINS . 83 2.9.4 ICSP SPI PINS AND RESET . 84 CHAPTER 3 YY PIN REFERENCE AND INTERFACING 87 3.1 PIN DEFAULT AND ALTERNATE FUNCTIONS . 88 3.1.1 SHARED TWI PINS . 88 3.1.2 SHARED SPI PINS . 88 3.2 ATMEGA328P TO ARDUINO UNO PIN MAPPING . 90 3.2.1 ATMEGA328P PORTS . 92 3.2.2 ATMEGA328P ALTERNATE PIN FUNCTIONS . 92 3.3 PIN TYPES AND INTERFACING . 93 7 3.3.1 DIGITAL INPUT / OUTPUT PINS . 93 3.3.1.1 PINS AS OUTPUTS . 93 WHY AN LED NEEDS A SERIES RESISTOR . 94 HOW TO CALCULATE A LED CURRENT LIMITING SERIES RESISTOR . 95 CURRENT SOURCING AND CURRENT SINKING . 97 CURRENT SOURCING . 97 CURRENT SINKING . 98 CURRENT LIMITATION PER PIN . 99 I/O PORT CURRENT SOURCE LIMITS . 99 I/O PORT CURRENT SINK LIMITS . 101 SWITCHING HEAVIER LOADS WITH TRANSISTORS AND RELAYS . 103 3.3.1.2 PINS AS INPUTS . 105 PULL-DOWN RESISTOR . 106 PULL-UP RESISTOR . 107 INTERNAL PULL-UP RESISTORS . 108 3.3.2 PWM PINS . 109 3.3.3 ANALOG PINS . 110 3.3.4 TWI BUS PINS . ILL 3.3.4.1 TWI INTERFACING EXAMPLE . ILL PULL-UP RESISTORS . 112 3.3.4.2 ACCESSING TWI DEVICES IN SOFTWARE . 113 3.3.5 SPI BUS PINS . 114 3.3.5.1 SPI BUS INTERFACING EXAMPLE . 114 3.3.5.2 ACCESSING SPI DEVICES IN SOFTWARE . 116 3.3.5.3 ACCESSING SD CARDS IN SOFTWARE . 116 3.3.6 SERIAL / UART PINS . 116 3.3.6.1 HARDWARE SERIAL PORT . 117 3.3.6.2 SOFTWARE SERIAL PORT . 117 3.3.7 POWER PINS . 118 3.3.7.1 GND PINS . 118 3.3.7.2 5V PIN . 118 USB 5V . 118 EXTERNAL POWER TO 5V REGULATOR . 118 3.3.7.3 3.3V PIN . 119 3.3.7.4 VIN PIN . 119 3.3.8 RESET PIN . 119 3.3.9 IOREF PIN . 120 8 3.3.10 AREF PIN 120 3.4 ICSP HEADER ON MAIN MICROCONTROLLER . 121 3.5 ICSP HEADER ON USB MICROCONTROLLER . 122 3.6 JP2 HEADER ON USB MICROCONTROLLER . 123 3.7 FINDING THE DATASHEETS . 125 3.7.1 ATMEGA328P DATASHEET . 125 3.7.2 ATMEGAL6U2 DATASHEET . 125 3.7.3 DATASHEETS FOR OTHER COMPONENTS . 125 CHAPTER 4 * POWER REFERENCE 127 4.1 POWER SUPPLY SPECIFICATION . 128 4.1.1 OPERATING VOLTAGE . 128 4.1.2 USB POWER INPUT . 128 4.1.3 EXTERNAL POWER JACK INPUT . 128 4.1.4 EXTERNAL POWER JACK PINOUT . 129 4.1.5 VIN PIN AS POWER INPUT . 129 4.2 POWER CIRCUIT . 129 4.2.1 EXTERNAL POWER IN AND 5V REGULATOR . 129 4.2.2 POWER ON INDICATOR LED . 130 4.2.3 USB POWER IN . 130 4.2.4 AUTOMATIC SWITCH . 131 4.2.5 3.3V REGULATOR . 131 4.2.6 POWER HEADER SOCKET . 131 4.3 POWER SUPPLY PROTECTION . 132 4.3.1 REVERSE POLARITY PROTECTION . 132 4.3.2 5V REGULATOR PROTECTION FEATURES . 132 4.3.3 3.3V REGULATOR PROTECTION FEATURES . 132 4.3.4 USB OVERLOAD PROTECTION . 132 CHAPTER 5 * ARDUINO UNO FIRMWARE AND BOOTLOADER 133 5.1 UPDATING THE USB TO SERIAL BRIDGE FIRMWARE USING DFU . 134 5.2 MICROCHIP STUDIO . 135 5.3 USB MICROCONTROLLER FIRMWARE . 137 5.3.1 BACKING UP THE ATMEGAL6U2 FIRMWARE WITH MICROCHIP STUDIO . 137 5.3.2 DFU BOOTLOADER FIRMWARE . 139 9 5.3.3 USB TO SERIAL BRIDGE FIRMWARE . 139 5.3.4 PROGRAMMING THE USB MICROCONTROLLER USING ICSP . 140 5.3.5. ATMEGAL6U2 FUSE SETTINGS . 141 5.4 MAIN MICROCONTROLLER BOOTLOADER . 142 5.4.1 BACKING UP THE ATMEGA328P FIRMWARE WITH MICROCHIP STUDIO . 142 5.4.2 OPTIBOOT BOOTLOADER FIRMWARE . 143 5.4.3 RESTORING THE BOOTLOADER . 144 5.4.4 ATMEGA328P FUSE SETTINGS . 144 5.5 THE RESET-EN SOLDER JUMPER . 148 5.6 ALTERNATIVE FIRMWARE PROGRAMMING METHODS . 149 CHAPTER 6 YY CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AND COMPONENTS 151 6.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM . 152 6.1.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM . 152 6.1.2 MAIN MICROCONTROLLER CIRCUIT . 153 6.1.3 USB MICROCONTROLLER CIRCUIT . 154 6.1.4 POWER SUPPLY CIRCUIT . 155 6.2 COMPONENT LIST . 156 6.3 COMPONENT POSITIONS ON THE BOARD . 159 6.4 GETTING AN ELECTRONIC COPY OF THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM . 160 CHAPTER 7 YY FAULT FINDING AND MEASUREMENT 161 7.1 BASIC FAULT FINDING AND REPAIR . 162 7.2 REPLACING THE MAIN ARDUINO UNO MICROCONTROLLER . 162 7.2.1 REPLACEMENT PART . 163 7.2.2 REMOVING THE OLD MICROCONTROLLER . 163 7.2.3 INSERTING THE NEW MICROCONTROLLER . 163 7.2.4 LOADING THE BOOTLOADER . 165 7.3 VOLTAGE MEASUREMENTS . 165 7.3.1 POWERED FROM USB . 166 7.3.1.1 5V TEST POINTS . 166 7.3.1.2 USB POWER AND 3.3V CIRCUIT TEST POINTS . 166 7.3.1.3 MEASURING VOLTAGE ON THE L AND ON LEDS . 167 7.3.2 POWERED FROM EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY . 167 10 7.4 WAVEFORM PATTERNS AND MEASUREMENT . 169 7.4.1 TESTING FOR PRESENCE OF MICROCONTROLLER CLOCKS . 170 7.4.2 TESTING FOR PWM WAVEFORMS . 171 7.4.3 TESTING THE UART OUTPUT . 172 7.4.4 TWI SIGNALS . 173 7.4.5 SPI SIGNALS . 175 CHAPTER 8 YY MECHANICAL DIMENSIONS AND TEMPLATES 177 8.1 MEASUREMENTS, TOLERANCE AND SCALE . 178 8.2 LENGTH, WIDTH AND MASS . 178 8.3 MOUNTING HOLE SPACING AND SIZE . 180 8.4 SHAPE DIMENSIONS . 181 8.5 HEADER POSITIONS . 182 8.6 SHIELD REVERSE CONNECTION PROTECTION . 183 8.7 USING STRIP-BOARD AS A SHIELD . 184 8.8 DRILL TEMPLATE AND KICAD TEMPLATE . 184 APPENDIX A YY SPECIFICATIONS QUICK REFERENCE 185 INDEX 189 11
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spelling	Smith, Warwick A. Verfasser (DE-588)1022275852 aut Ultimate Arduino Uno hardware manual a reference and user guide for the Arduino Uno hardware and firmware Warwick A. Smith Susteren, The Netherlands Elektor 2021 198 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 23.5 cm x 17 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Elektor books Auf dem Umschlag: "Revised and updated" Arduino Uno (DE-588)1046902458 gnd rswk-swf Arduino-Plattform (DE-588)7692236-4 gnd rswk-swf Arduino Uno User Guide Firmware Hardware Genuino Uno Arduino-Plattform (DE-588)7692236-4 s DE-604 Arduino Uno (DE-588)1046902458 s Elektor Verlag GmbH (DE-588)1065539746 pbl Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-89576-435-6 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032762973&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Smith, Warwick A. Ultimate Arduino Uno hardware manual a reference and user guide for the Arduino Uno hardware and firmware Arduino Uno (DE-588)1046902458 gnd Arduino-Plattform (DE-588)7692236-4 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)1046902458 (DE-588)7692236-4
title	Ultimate Arduino Uno hardware manual a reference and user guide for the Arduino Uno hardware and firmware
title_auth	Ultimate Arduino Uno hardware manual a reference and user guide for the Arduino Uno hardware and firmware
title_exact_search	Ultimate Arduino Uno hardware manual a reference and user guide for the Arduino Uno hardware and firmware
title_exact_search_txtP	Ultimate Arduino Uno hardware manual a reference and user guide for the Arduino Uno hardware and firmware
title_full	Ultimate Arduino Uno hardware manual a reference and user guide for the Arduino Uno hardware and firmware Warwick A. Smith
title_fullStr	Ultimate Arduino Uno hardware manual a reference and user guide for the Arduino Uno hardware and firmware Warwick A. Smith
title_full_unstemmed	Ultimate Arduino Uno hardware manual a reference and user guide for the Arduino Uno hardware and firmware Warwick A. Smith
title_short	Ultimate Arduino Uno hardware manual
title_sort	ultimate arduino uno hardware manual a reference and user guide for the arduino uno hardware and firmware
title_sub	a reference and user guide for the Arduino Uno hardware and firmware
topic	Arduino Uno (DE-588)1046902458 gnd Arduino-Plattform (DE-588)7692236-4 gnd
topic_facet	Arduino Uno Arduino-Plattform
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032762973&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT smithwarwicka ultimatearduinounohardwaremanualareferenceanduserguideforthearduinounohardwareandfirmware AT elektorverlaggmbh ultimatearduinounohardwaremanualareferenceanduserguideforthearduinounohardwareandfirmware

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