Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman: the Science, Lives and Friendship of Two Pioneers in Chemistry
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cham
Springer
2020
Cham |
| Schriftenreihe: | Perspectives on the History of Chemistry
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | xvi, 433 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783030491932 |
| ISSN: | 2662-4591 |
Internformat
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| 008 | 210705s2020 a||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9783030491932 |9 978-3-030-49193-2 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)1198010022 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Lennartson, Anders |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)1108315399 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman |b the Science, Lives and Friendship of Two Pioneers in Chemistry |c Anders Lennartson |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cham |b Springer |c 2020 | |
| 264 | 1 | |a Cham |b Springer | |
| 300 | |a xvi, 433 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Karten |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Perspectives on the History of Chemistry |x 2662-4591 | |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Scheele, Carl Wilhelm |d 1742-1786 |0 (DE-588)11860676X |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Bergman, Torbern |d 1735-1784 |0 (DE-588)119384981 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 4 | |a History of Chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Inorganic Chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a History of Science | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemistry—History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Inorganic chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a History | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Scheele, Carl Wilhelm |d 1742-1786 |0 (DE-588)11860676X |D p |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Bergman, Torbern |d 1735-1784 |0 (DE-588)119384981 |D p |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-3-030-49194-9 |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung Deutsches Museum |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032758193&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 509 |e 22/bsb |f 09033 |g 48 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804182583350657024 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
..........................................
1
1.1
SWEDEN IN
THE
EIGHTEENTH
CENTURY
......................
2
1.2 SCIENCE:
LINNAEUS
AND
KLINGENSTIERNA
...................
5
1.3
THE PHLOGISTON THEORY
..............................
8
REFERENCES
............................................
9
2
BERGMAN
AND
SCHEELE: CHILDHOODS
.........................
11
2.1
GRAMMAR SCHOOL IN SKARA
............................
13
2.2
SCHEELE S CHILDHOOD
................................
16
2.3
SCHEELE S
BROTHERS
AND
SISTERS
.........................
20
REFERENCES
............................................
23
3
THE
TWO MEN
.........................................
25
3.1
WILHELM
.........................................
25
3.2
TORBERN
.........................................
27
3.3
PORTRAITS
OF
BERGMAN
................................
29
3.4
PORTRAITS
OF
SCHEELE
.................................
34
REFERENCES
............................................
42
4
BERGMAN S
AND
SCHEELE S EDUCATION
........................
45
4.1
BERGMAN S EDUCATION
IN UPPSALA
.......................
45
4.2
SCHEELE S EDUCATION
IN GOTHENBURG
.....................
53
REFERENCES
............................................
55
5
BERGMAN S
EARLY SCIENTIFIC
CAREER
.........................
57
5.1
ASTRONOMICAL
RESEARCH
..............................
58
5.2
BERGMAN S
RESEARCH
ON
ELECTRICITY
......................
61
5.3
BERGMAN S
RESEARCH
IN ENTOMOLOGY
.....................
67
REFERENCES
............................................
70
6
BERGMAN,
SCHEELE
AND
THE
ROYAL
ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES
..........
73
6.1
ROYAL
SWEDISH
ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES
....................
73
6.2
THE ACADEMY
SECRETARY
.............................
76
XI
4,
IBIIETHEK
DEUTSCHES
MUSEUM
T -
HLUENCHE A
XII
CONTENTS
6.3 BERGMAN
BECOMES
A
MEMBER
OF
THE
ROYAL
ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES
.......................................
78
REFERENCES
............................................
80
7
BERGMAN S
GEOLOGICAL
WORK
..............................
83
7.1 THE
COSMOGRAPHIC
SOCIETY
...........................
85
7.2
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
OF
THE
EARTH
.......................
86
7.3
GEYSERS
AND
VOLCANOES
ON
ICELAND
......................
92
REFERENCES
............................................
95
8
SCHEELE
IN MALMOE
......................................
99
8.1 ANDERS
JAHAN
RETZIUS
...............................
100
8.2
SCHEELE S FIRST
DISCOVERIES
...........................
101
REFERENCES
............................................
107
9 BERGMAN BECOMES
A
CHEMIST
.............................
109
9.1 WALLERIUS-THE
FIRST
CHEMISTRY
PROFESSOR
IN SWEDEN
........
113
9.2 BERGMAN S
FIRST
CHEMICAL
STUDY
.......................
118
9.3
BERGMAN
IS
APPOINTED
PROFESSOR
.......................
121
9.4 BERGMAN S
LABORATORY
...............................
126
9.5 BERGMAN S
EARLY
CHEMICAL
WORK
.......................
131
9.6 BERGMAN S
RELATIONS
WITH
WALLERIUS
AND VON
ENGESTROEM
......
134
9.7 BERGMAN S
EUROPEAN
CONTACTS
.........................
144
REFERENCES
............................................
146
10
SCHEELE MOVES
TO
STOCKHOLM
..............................
153
10.1
SCHEELE S RESEARCH
IN STOCKHOLM
.......................
156
REFERENCES
............................................
157
11
BERGMAN
AS A
TEACHER
..................................
159
11.1
BERGMAN S EDITION
OF
THE
CHEMICAL
LECTURES
OF
H. T. SCHEFFER
...................................
159
11.2 INSTRUCTIONS
TO THE
LECTURES
ON
THE
NATURE
AND
BENEFIT
OF
CHEMISTRY
.............................
166
11.3 BERGMAN S
LECTURES
................................
170
11.4
BERGMAN S
STUDENTS
................................
172
11.4.1
MATTHIAS RYDELL
............................
172
11.4.2
GUSTAF SWEDELIUS
...........................
172
11.4.3
CARL ANDERS
PLOMGREN
.......................
173
11.4.4
PEHR DUBB
................................
173
11.4.5
CARL HENRIK
WERTMUELLER
......................
175
11.4.6
JOHAN
ADOLF LEVEL
..........................
176
11.4.7
PETER JACOB
HJELM
..........................
176
11.4.8
JOHAN
AFZELIUS
.............................
177
11.4.9
CARL NORELL
................................
177
CONTENTS
XIII
12
13
14
15
11.4.10
ANDREAS
PIHL
..............................
178
11.4.11
ANDERS
SCHEDIN
............................
178
11.4.12
JOHAN
PETER
SCHARENBERG
......................
178
11.4.13
BENGT
REINHOLD
GEIJER
.......................
178
11.4.14
JACOB
PAULIN
...............................
179
11.4.15
KOENIG
ALEXANDER
GROENLUND
....................
180
11.4.16
PER
CASTORIN
...............................
180
11.4.17
ANDREAS
NICLAS
TUNBORG
......................
180
11.4.18
JOHAN
GADOLIN
.............................
180
11.4.19
PEHR
VON
AFZELIUS
...........................
182
11.4.20
CARL
DIDRIK
HIERTA
..........................
183
11.4.21
CARL
GUSTAF
ROBSAHM
........................
184
11.4.22
FREDRIK
WILHELM
MANNERCRANTZ
.................
184
REFERENCES
............................................
184
BERGMAN S
LIFE
AS
PROFESSOR
..............................
189
12.1
CONTRIBUTIONS
TO
PRIZE
QUESTIONS
.......................
190
12.2
BERGMAN S
STUDY
OF
BEES
............................
190
12.3
BERGMAN S
MARRIAGE
................................
191
REFERENCES
............................................
192
SCHEELE
IN UPPSALA
.....................................
193
13.1
SCHEELE
BEFRIENDS
JOHAN
GOTTLIEB
GAHN
..................
194
13.2
THE COLLABORATION
OF
SCHEELE
AND
GAHN
..................
197
13.3
SCHEELE
MEETS
BERGMAN
.............................
199
13.4
SCHEELE S
FIRST
PAPERS
...............................
199
13.5
SCHEELE ELECTED
A
MEMBER
OF
THE
ROYAL
SWEDISH
ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES
...............................
200
13.6
PRINCE HEINRICH S
VISIT
..............................
200
REFERENCES
............................................
201
NEW
MINERAL ACIDS
.....................................
203
14.1
HYDROFLUORIC
ACID
..................................
203
14.2
ARSENIC ACID
......................................
206
14.3
PRUSSIAN BLUE
AND
HYDROCYANIC
ACID
....................
207
REFERENCES
............................................
210
NEW
METALS
...........................................
213
15.1
THE
INVESTIGATION
OF
PYROLUSITE:
THE
DISCOVERY
OF
MANGANESE
.....................................
213
15.2
THE DISCOVERIES
OF
CHLORINE
AND
BARIUM
.................
215
15.3
THE ISOLATION
OF
METALLIC
MANGANESE
....................
217
15.4
THE DISCOVERY
OF
MOLYBDENUM
........................
219
15.5
ISOLATION
OF
TUNGSTIC
ACID
AND
THE
DISCOVERY
OF
TUNGSTEN
....
222
15.6
ESTABLISHING
PLATINUM,
COBALT,
NICKEL
AND
MANGANESE
AS
UNIQUE
METALS
..................................
224
XIV
CONTENTS
15.7
CERIUM-A
MISSED
OPPORTUNITY
.......................
225
15.8 BERGMAN
AND
THE
DISCOVERY
OF
TELLURIUM
.................
226
15.9
HYDROSIDERUM-THE
METAL
THAT
DID
NOT
EXIST
..............
226
REFERENCES
............................................
227
16
THE
INVITATION
TO
BERLIN
.................................
231
REFERENCES
............................................
233
17
BERGMAN
AND
THE
CHEMISTRY
OF
MINERAL
WATERS
...............
235
17.1 MEDEVI-THE FIRST
SWEDISH
SPA
.......................
236
17.2 BERGMAN S INTEREST
IN MINERAL
WATERS
...................
236
17.3
BERGMAN S EARLY
WORK
ON
MINERAL WATER
................
237
17.4 BERGMAN S PAPER
ON
BITTER-,
SELZER-, SPA-
AND
PYNMONT
WATER
...........................................
239
17.5 HOT SPA WATER
....................................
241
17.6
THE
WATER
OF
MEDEVI
AND
LOKA
........................
242
17.7 MINERAL WATER
ANALYSIS
IN SWEDEN AFTER
BERGMAN
..........
242
REFERENCES
............................................
243
18
RESEARCH
ON
CARBON
DIOXIDE 245
18.1 SCHEELE
AND
THE
ACIDIC PROPERTIES
OF
CARBON DIOXIDE
........
246
18.2 SCHEELE S
LATER
VIEWS
ON
CARBON DIOXIDE
................
247
18.3 BERGMAN
AND
THE
AERIAL ACID
.........................
248
REFERENCES
............................................
250
19 SCHEELE IN
KOEPING
......................................
253
19.1 THE
EKELIN
INCIDENT
.................................
255
19.2
SCHEELE S LIFE IN
KOEPING
.............................
256
19.3 FOREIGN
GUESTS
....................................
259
19.4 SCHEELE S
STOCKHOLM VISIT
............................
261
19.5 BERGMAN S
LECTURE
ON
THE
PROGRESS
IN
CHEMISTRY
...........
263
REFERENCES
............................................
265
20
BERGMAN S
WORK
ON
ELECTIVE ATTRACTIONS
....................
267
20.1
BERGMAN S
ESSAY
ON
ELECTIVE
ATTRACTIONS
.................
272
20.2
BERGMAN S REPRESENTATION
OF
CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
WITH
DIAGRAMS
....................................
274
REFERENCES
............................................
275
21
THE DISCOVERY
OF
OXYGEN
................................
277
21.1 SCHEELE S DISCOVERY
OF
OXYGEN
........................
277
21.2 PRIESTLEY S
DISCOVERY
OF
OXYGEN
.......................
281
21.3 SCHEELE S BOOK
ON
AIR
AND
FIRE
........................
283
21.4
NEW EDITIONS
AND
TRANSLATIONS
OF
SCHEELE S
BOOK
..........
288
21.5 SCHEELE S
AND
BERGMAN S
VIEWS
ON
OXYGEN,
HEAT
AND
PHLOGISTON
................................
290
CONTENTS
22
23
24
25
XV
21.6 PRIESTLEY S
THEORIES
OF
OXYGEN
AND
COMBUSTION
............
294
21.7 THE
DISCOVERY
OF
NITROGEN
...........................
295
21.8
LAVOISIER
AND
THE
CHEMICAL
REVOLUTION
..................
295
REFERENCES
............................................
298
BERGMAN S
AND
SCHEELE S
THEORIES
OF
ELEMENTS
AND
ATOMS
.......
301
22.1
SCHEELE S
VIEWS
ON
ELEMENTS
.........................
301
22.2
BERGMAN S
VIEWS
ON
ELEMENTS
........................
302
22.3
BERGMAN S
AND
SCHEELE S
VIEWS
ON
ATOMS
................
304
22.4
SCHEELE S
AND
BERGMAN S
VIEWS
ON
THE
EARTHS,
METALS,
ACIDS
AND
ALKALIS
............................
305
22.5
PHLOGISTON
CONTENT
OF
METALS-DETERMINATION
OF
EQUIVALENT
WEIGHTS
.........................................
307
REFERENCES
............................................
309
BERGMAN
AS AN
ANALYTICAL
CHEMIST
.........................
311
23.1
CHEMISTRY
IN SOLUTION
...............................
311
...............................
23.2
QUANTITATIVE
ANALYSIS
313
23.3
WATER
ANALYSIS
....................................
315
23.4
MINERAL
ANALYSIS
IN SOLUTION
..........................
318
23.5
BERGMAN
AND
THE
BLOW-PIPE
..........................
324
23.6
ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY
AFTER
BERGMAN
....................
327
REFERENCES
............................................
328
SCHEELE S
CONTRIBUTION
TO
ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
.................
331
24.1
OXALIC
ACID
......................................
331
24.2
URIC
ACID
........................................
333
24.3
THE
INVESTIGATION
OF
MILK:
LACTIC
AND
MUCIC
ACID
..........
334
24.4
CITRIC
ACID
.......................................
335
24.5
MALIC
ACID
.......................................
336
24.6
GALLIC
ACID
.......................................
337
24.7
THE
DISCOVERY
OF
GLYCEROL
338
24.8
ESTERIFICATION
AND
CATALYSIS
...........................
339
REFERENCES
............................................
340
BERGMAN S
CONTRIBUTIONS
TO
MINERALOGY
.....................
343
25.1
SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES
AND
GEMS
.......................
343
25.2
TIN
SULPHIDE
MINERALS
...............................
344
25.3
MINERALOGIAL REMARKS
...............................
344
25.4
MINERALOGICAL DISSERTATIONS
...........................
345
25.5
OUTLINE
OF
MINERALOGY
....................
346
25.6
THOUGHTS
ON A
NATURAL
SYSTEM
OF
MINERALOGY
..............
347
....................................
25.7
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
349
REFERENCES
............................................
353
XVI
CONTENTS
26
BERGMAN S CONTRIBUTION
TO
CHEMICAL
NOMENCLATURE
............
355
26.1 MACQUER S
CRITICISM
................................
355
26.2 THE
REFORM
OF
NOMENCLATURE
IN
BOTANY
..................
356
26.3 BERGMAN S
EARLY
THOUGHTS
ON
NOMENCLATURE
..............
357
26.4 BERGMAN S
WORK
ON
NOMENCLATURE
IN 1775
...............
357
26.5 BERGMAN S
INVESTIGATION
OF
TRUTH
.....................
359
26.6 THE
NOMENCLATURE
IN
BERGMAN S SCIAGRAPHIA
..............
359
26.7 THE
CONTRIBUTIONS
OF
DE
MORVEAU
1780-1782
..............
360
26.8 BERGMAN S
REVISED
NOMENCLATURE
......................
361
26.9 THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF
NOMENCLATURE
AFTER
THE
DEATH
OF
BERGMAN
..........................
363
REFERENCES
............................................
364
27
SCHEELE S
AND
BERGMAN S
CONTRIBUTIONS
TO
PHARMACEUTICAL
CHEMISTRY
............................................
367
27.1
BENZOIC ACID
.....................................
368
27.2 MERCURIUS
DULCIS
..................................
368
27.3 EMETIC
TARTAR
AND
PULVIS ALGEROTHI
.....................
369
27.4
A
NEW METHOD
FOR
PREPARING MAGNESIA
ALBA
..............
370
27.5
OTHER WORKS BY SCHEELE
RELATED
TO
MEDICINE
..............
371
REFERENCES
............................................
372
28 THE
END
OF
THE
STORY
...................................
375
28.1
BERGMAN S
ILLNESS
AND
DEATH
..........................
375
28.2
BERGMAN S
FUNERAL
.................................
377
28.3 BERGMAN S
MANUSCRIPTS
AND
COLLECTIONS
..................
379
28.4 BERGMAN S
SUCCESSOR
...............................
379
28.5
SCHEELE S
ILLNESS
AND
DEATH
...........................
380
28.6
SCHEELE S
FUNERAL
..................................
381
28.7 SCHEELE S
MANUSCRIPTS
...............................
383
28.8
HOW WE
REMEMBER
BERGMAN
AND
SCHEELE
...............
386
REFERENCES
............................................
392
APPENDIX
A: A BIBLIOGRAPHY
OF
TORBERN
BERGMAN S
PUBLISHED
WORKS
..........................................
395
APPENDIX
B:
A
BIBLIOGRAPHY
OF
SCHEELE S
PUBLISHED WORKS
..........
409
APPENDIX
C:
THE
SWEDISH CURRENCY
.............................
417
APPENDIX
D:
LITERATURE
ON
BERGMAN
AND
SCHEELE
..................
419
INDEX
OF
NAMES
..............................................
423
SUBJECT
INDEX
................................................
429
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
1
INTRODUCTION
.
1
1.1
SWEDEN IN
THE
EIGHTEENTH
CENTURY
.
2
1.2 SCIENCE:
LINNAEUS
AND
KLINGENSTIERNA
.
5
1.3
THE PHLOGISTON THEORY
.
8
REFERENCES
.
9
2
BERGMAN
AND
SCHEELE: CHILDHOODS
.
11
2.1
GRAMMAR SCHOOL IN SKARA
.
13
2.2
SCHEELE'S CHILDHOOD
.
16
2.3
SCHEELE'S
BROTHERS
AND
SISTERS
.
20
REFERENCES
.
23
3
THE
TWO MEN
.
25
3.1
WILHELM
.
25
3.2
TORBERN
.
27
3.3
PORTRAITS
OF
BERGMAN
.
29
3.4
PORTRAITS
OF
SCHEELE
.
34
REFERENCES
.
42
4
BERGMAN'S
AND
SCHEELE'S EDUCATION
.
45
4.1
BERGMAN'S EDUCATION
IN UPPSALA
.
45
4.2
SCHEELE'S EDUCATION
IN GOTHENBURG
.
53
REFERENCES
.
55
5
BERGMAN'S
EARLY SCIENTIFIC
CAREER
.
57
5.1
ASTRONOMICAL
RESEARCH
.
58
5.2
BERGMAN'S
RESEARCH
ON
ELECTRICITY
.
61
5.3
BERGMAN'S
RESEARCH
IN ENTOMOLOGY
.
67
REFERENCES
.
70
6
BERGMAN,
SCHEELE
AND
THE
ROYAL
ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES
.
73
6.1
ROYAL
SWEDISH
ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES
.
73
6.2
THE ACADEMY
SECRETARY
.
76
XI
4,
IBIIETHEK
DEUTSCHES
MUSEUM
T'-
HLUENCHE'A
XII
CONTENTS
6.3 BERGMAN
BECOMES
A
MEMBER
OF
THE
ROYAL
ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES
.
78
REFERENCES
.
80
7
BERGMAN'S
GEOLOGICAL
WORK
.
83
7.1 THE
COSMOGRAPHIC
SOCIETY
.
85
7.2
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
OF
THE
EARTH
.
86
7.3
GEYSERS
AND
VOLCANOES
ON
ICELAND
.
92
REFERENCES
.
95
8
SCHEELE
IN MALMOE
.
99
8.1 ANDERS
JAHAN
RETZIUS
.
100
8.2
SCHEELE'S FIRST
DISCOVERIES
.
101
REFERENCES
.
107
9 BERGMAN BECOMES
A
CHEMIST
.
109
9.1 WALLERIUS-THE
FIRST
CHEMISTRY
PROFESSOR
IN SWEDEN
.
113
9.2 BERGMAN'S
FIRST
CHEMICAL
STUDY
.
118
9.3
BERGMAN
IS
APPOINTED
PROFESSOR
.
121
9.4 BERGMAN'S
LABORATORY
.
126
9.5 BERGMAN'S
EARLY
CHEMICAL
WORK
.
131
9.6 BERGMAN'S
RELATIONS
WITH
WALLERIUS
AND VON
ENGESTROEM
.
134
9.7 BERGMAN'S
EUROPEAN
CONTACTS
.
144
REFERENCES
.
146
10
SCHEELE MOVES
TO
STOCKHOLM
.
153
10.1
SCHEELE'S RESEARCH
IN STOCKHOLM
.
156
REFERENCES
.
157
11
BERGMAN
AS A
TEACHER
.
159
11.1
BERGMAN'S EDITION
OF
THE
CHEMICAL
LECTURES
OF
H. T. SCHEFFER
.
159
11.2 INSTRUCTIONS
TO THE
LECTURES
ON
THE
NATURE
AND
BENEFIT
OF
CHEMISTRY
.
166
11.3 BERGMAN'S
LECTURES
.
170
11.4
BERGMAN'S
STUDENTS
.
172
11.4.1
MATTHIAS RYDELL
.
172
11.4.2
GUSTAF SWEDELIUS
.
172
11.4.3
CARL ANDERS
PLOMGREN
.
173
11.4.4
PEHR DUBB
.
173
11.4.5
CARL HENRIK
WERTMUELLER
.
175
11.4.6
JOHAN
ADOLF LEVEL
.
176
11.4.7
PETER JACOB
HJELM
.
176
11.4.8
JOHAN
AFZELIUS
.
177
11.4.9
CARL NORELL
.
177
CONTENTS
XIII
12
13
14
15
11.4.10
ANDREAS
PIHL
.
178
11.4.11
ANDERS
SCHEDIN
.
178
11.4.12
JOHAN
PETER
SCHARENBERG
.
178
11.4.13
BENGT
REINHOLD
GEIJER
.
178
11.4.14
JACOB
PAULIN
.
179
11.4.15
KOENIG
ALEXANDER
GROENLUND
.
180
11.4.16
PER
CASTORIN
.
180
11.4.17
ANDREAS
NICLAS
TUNBORG
.
180
11.4.18
JOHAN
GADOLIN
.
180
11.4.19
PEHR
VON
AFZELIUS
.
182
11.4.20
CARL
DIDRIK
HIERTA
.
183
11.4.21
CARL
GUSTAF
ROBSAHM
.
184
11.4.22
FREDRIK
WILHELM
MANNERCRANTZ
.
184
REFERENCES
.
184
BERGMAN'S
LIFE
AS
PROFESSOR
.
189
12.1
CONTRIBUTIONS
TO
PRIZE
QUESTIONS
.
190
12.2
BERGMAN'S
STUDY
OF
BEES
.
190
12.3
BERGMAN'S
MARRIAGE
.
191
REFERENCES
.
192
SCHEELE
IN UPPSALA
.
193
13.1
SCHEELE
BEFRIENDS
JOHAN
GOTTLIEB
GAHN
.
194
13.2
THE COLLABORATION
OF
SCHEELE
AND
GAHN
.
197
13.3
SCHEELE
MEETS
BERGMAN
.
199
13.4
SCHEELE'S
FIRST
PAPERS
.
199
13.5
SCHEELE ELECTED
A
MEMBER
OF
THE
ROYAL
SWEDISH
ACADEMY
OF
SCIENCES
.
200
13.6
PRINCE HEINRICH'S
VISIT
.
200
REFERENCES
.
201
NEW
MINERAL ACIDS
.
203
14.1
HYDROFLUORIC
ACID
.
203
14.2
ARSENIC ACID
.
206
14.3
PRUSSIAN BLUE
AND
HYDROCYANIC
ACID
.
207
REFERENCES
.
210
NEW
METALS
.
213
15.1
THE
INVESTIGATION
OF
PYROLUSITE:
THE
DISCOVERY
OF
MANGANESE
.
213
15.2
THE DISCOVERIES
OF
CHLORINE
AND
BARIUM
.
215
15.3
THE ISOLATION
OF
METALLIC
MANGANESE
.
217
15.4
THE DISCOVERY
OF
MOLYBDENUM
.
219
15.5
ISOLATION
OF
TUNGSTIC
ACID
AND
THE
DISCOVERY
OF
TUNGSTEN
.
222
15.6
ESTABLISHING
PLATINUM,
COBALT,
NICKEL
AND
MANGANESE
AS
UNIQUE
METALS
.
224
XIV
CONTENTS
15.7
CERIUM-A
MISSED
OPPORTUNITY
.
225
15.8 BERGMAN
AND
THE
DISCOVERY
OF
TELLURIUM
.
226
15.9
HYDROSIDERUM-THE
METAL
THAT
DID
NOT
EXIST
.
226
REFERENCES
.
227
16
THE
INVITATION
TO
BERLIN
.
231
REFERENCES
.
233
17
BERGMAN
AND
THE
CHEMISTRY
OF
MINERAL
WATERS
.
235
17.1 MEDEVI-THE FIRST
SWEDISH
SPA
.
236
17.2 BERGMAN'S INTEREST
IN MINERAL
WATERS
.
236
17.3
BERGMAN'S EARLY
WORK
ON
MINERAL WATER
.
237
17.4 BERGMAN'S PAPER
ON
BITTER-,
SELZER-, SPA-
AND
PYNMONT
WATER
.
239
17.5 HOT SPA WATER
.
241
17.6
THE
WATER
OF
MEDEVI
AND
LOKA
.
242
17.7 MINERAL WATER
ANALYSIS
IN SWEDEN AFTER
BERGMAN
.
242
REFERENCES
.
243
18
RESEARCH
ON
CARBON
DIOXIDE 245
18.1 SCHEELE
AND
THE
ACIDIC PROPERTIES
OF
CARBON DIOXIDE
.
246
18.2 SCHEELE'S
LATER
VIEWS
ON
CARBON DIOXIDE
.
247
18.3 BERGMAN
AND
THE
AERIAL ACID
.
248
REFERENCES
.
250
19 SCHEELE IN
KOEPING
.
253
19.1 THE
EKELIN
INCIDENT
.
255
19.2
SCHEELE'S LIFE IN
KOEPING
.
256
19.3 FOREIGN
GUESTS
.
259
19.4 SCHEELE'S
STOCKHOLM VISIT
.
261
19.5 BERGMAN'S
LECTURE
ON
THE
PROGRESS
IN
CHEMISTRY
.
263
REFERENCES
.
265
20
BERGMAN'S
WORK
ON
ELECTIVE ATTRACTIONS
.
267
20.1
BERGMAN'S
ESSAY
ON
ELECTIVE
ATTRACTIONS
.
272
20.2
BERGMAN'S REPRESENTATION
OF
CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
WITH
DIAGRAMS
.
274
REFERENCES
.
275
21
THE DISCOVERY
OF
OXYGEN
.
277
21.1 SCHEELE'S DISCOVERY
OF
OXYGEN
.
277
21.2 PRIESTLEY'S
DISCOVERY
OF
OXYGEN
.
281
21.3 SCHEELE'S BOOK
ON
AIR
AND
FIRE
.
283
21.4
NEW EDITIONS
AND
TRANSLATIONS
OF
SCHEELE'S
BOOK
.
288
21.5 SCHEELE'S
AND
BERGMAN'S
VIEWS
ON
OXYGEN,
HEAT
AND
PHLOGISTON
.
290
CONTENTS
22
23
24
25
XV
21.6 PRIESTLEY'S
THEORIES
OF
OXYGEN
AND
COMBUSTION
.
294
21.7 THE
DISCOVERY
OF
NITROGEN
.
295
21.8
LAVOISIER
AND
THE
CHEMICAL
REVOLUTION
.
295
REFERENCES
.
298
BERGMAN'S
AND
SCHEELE'S
THEORIES
OF
ELEMENTS
AND
ATOMS
.
301
22.1
SCHEELE'S
VIEWS
ON
ELEMENTS
.
301
22.2
BERGMAN'S
VIEWS
ON
ELEMENTS
.
302
22.3
BERGMAN'S
AND
SCHEELE'S
VIEWS
ON
ATOMS
.
304
22.4
SCHEELE'S
AND
BERGMAN'S
VIEWS
ON
THE
EARTHS,
METALS,
ACIDS
AND
ALKALIS
.
305
22.5
PHLOGISTON
CONTENT
OF
METALS-DETERMINATION
OF
EQUIVALENT
WEIGHTS
.
307
REFERENCES
.
309
BERGMAN
AS AN
ANALYTICAL
CHEMIST
.
311
23.1
CHEMISTRY
IN SOLUTION
.
311
.
23.2
QUANTITATIVE
ANALYSIS
313
23.3
WATER
ANALYSIS
.
315
23.4
MINERAL
ANALYSIS
IN SOLUTION
.
318
23.5
BERGMAN
AND
THE
BLOW-PIPE
.
324
23.6
ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY
AFTER
BERGMAN
.
327
REFERENCES
.
328
SCHEELE'S
CONTRIBUTION
TO
ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
.
331
24.1
OXALIC
ACID
.
331
24.2
URIC
ACID
.
333
24.3
THE
INVESTIGATION
OF
MILK:
LACTIC
AND
MUCIC
ACID
.
334
24.4
CITRIC
ACID
.
335
24.5
MALIC
ACID
.
336
24.6
GALLIC
ACID
.
337
24.7
THE
DISCOVERY
OF
GLYCEROL
338
24.8
ESTERIFICATION
AND
CATALYSIS
.
339
REFERENCES
.
340
BERGMAN'S
CONTRIBUTIONS
TO
MINERALOGY
.
343
25.1
SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES
AND
GEMS
.
343
25.2
TIN
SULPHIDE
MINERALS
.
344
25.3
MINERALOGIAL REMARKS
.
344
25.4
MINERALOGICAL DISSERTATIONS
.
345
25.5
OUTLINE
OF
MINERALOGY
.
346
25.6
THOUGHTS
ON A
NATURAL
SYSTEM
OF
MINERALOGY
.
347
.
25.7
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
349
REFERENCES
.
353
XVI
CONTENTS
26
BERGMAN'S CONTRIBUTION
TO
CHEMICAL
NOMENCLATURE
.
355
26.1 MACQUER'S
CRITICISM
.
355
26.2 THE
REFORM
OF
NOMENCLATURE
IN
BOTANY
.
356
26.3 BERGMAN'S
EARLY
THOUGHTS
ON
NOMENCLATURE
.
357
26.4 BERGMAN'S
WORK
ON
NOMENCLATURE
IN 1775
.
357
26.5 BERGMAN'S
"INVESTIGATION
OF
TRUTH"
.
359
26.6 THE
NOMENCLATURE
IN
BERGMAN'S SCIAGRAPHIA
.
359
26.7 THE
CONTRIBUTIONS
OF
DE
MORVEAU
1780-1782
.
360
26.8 BERGMAN'S
REVISED
NOMENCLATURE
.
361
26.9 THE
DEVELOPMENT
OF
NOMENCLATURE
AFTER
THE
DEATH
OF
BERGMAN
.
363
REFERENCES
.
364
27
SCHEELE'S
AND
BERGMAN'S
CONTRIBUTIONS
TO
PHARMACEUTICAL
CHEMISTRY
.
367
27.1
BENZOIC ACID
.
368
27.2 MERCURIUS
DULCIS
.
368
27.3 EMETIC
TARTAR
AND
PULVIS ALGEROTHI
.
369
27.4
A
NEW METHOD
FOR
PREPARING MAGNESIA
ALBA
.
370
27.5
OTHER WORKS BY SCHEELE
RELATED
TO
MEDICINE
.
371
REFERENCES
.
372
28 THE
END
OF
THE
STORY
.
375
28.1
BERGMAN'S
ILLNESS
AND
DEATH
.
375
28.2
BERGMAN'S
FUNERAL
.
377
28.3 BERGMAN'S
MANUSCRIPTS
AND
COLLECTIONS
.
379
28.4 BERGMAN'S
SUCCESSOR
.
379
28.5
SCHEELE'S
ILLNESS
AND
DEATH
.
380
28.6
SCHEELE'S
FUNERAL
.
381
28.7 SCHEELE'S
MANUSCRIPTS
.
383
28.8
HOW WE
REMEMBER
BERGMAN
AND
SCHEELE
.
386
REFERENCES
.
392
APPENDIX
A: A BIBLIOGRAPHY
OF
TORBERN
BERGMAN'S
PUBLISHED
WORKS
.
395
APPENDIX
B:
A
BIBLIOGRAPHY
OF
SCHEELE'S
PUBLISHED WORKS
.
409
APPENDIX
C:
THE
SWEDISH CURRENCY
.
417
APPENDIX
D:
LITERATURE
ON
BERGMAN
AND
SCHEELE
.
419
INDEX
OF
NAMES
.
423
SUBJECT
INDEX
.
429 |
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| author | Lennartson, Anders |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T17:39:41Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:09:51Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783030491932 |
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| series2 | Perspectives on the History of Chemistry |
| spelling | Lennartson, Anders Verfasser (DE-588)1108315399 aut Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman the Science, Lives and Friendship of Two Pioneers in Chemistry Anders Lennartson Cham Springer 2020 Cham Springer xvi, 433 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Perspectives on the History of Chemistry 2662-4591 Scheele, Carl Wilhelm 1742-1786 (DE-588)11860676X gnd rswk-swf Bergman, Torbern 1735-1784 (DE-588)119384981 gnd rswk-swf History of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry History of Science Chemistry—History Inorganic chemistry History Scheele, Carl Wilhelm 1742-1786 (DE-588)11860676X p Bergman, Torbern 1735-1784 (DE-588)119384981 p DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-030-49194-9 Digitalisierung Deutsches Museum application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032758193&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Lennartson, Anders Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman the Science, Lives and Friendship of Two Pioneers in Chemistry Scheele, Carl Wilhelm 1742-1786 (DE-588)11860676X gnd Bergman, Torbern 1735-1784 (DE-588)119384981 gnd History of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry History of Science Chemistry—History Inorganic chemistry History |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)11860676X (DE-588)119384981 |
| title | Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman the Science, Lives and Friendship of Two Pioneers in Chemistry |
| title_auth | Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman the Science, Lives and Friendship of Two Pioneers in Chemistry |
| title_exact_search | Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman the Science, Lives and Friendship of Two Pioneers in Chemistry |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman the Science, Lives and Friendship of Two Pioneers in Chemistry |
| title_full | Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman the Science, Lives and Friendship of Two Pioneers in Chemistry Anders Lennartson |
| title_fullStr | Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman the Science, Lives and Friendship of Two Pioneers in Chemistry Anders Lennartson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman the Science, Lives and Friendship of Two Pioneers in Chemistry Anders Lennartson |
| title_short | Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Bergman |
| title_sort | carl wilhelm scheele and torbern bergman the science lives and friendship of two pioneers in chemistry |
| title_sub | the Science, Lives and Friendship of Two Pioneers in Chemistry |
| topic | Scheele, Carl Wilhelm 1742-1786 (DE-588)11860676X gnd Bergman, Torbern 1735-1784 (DE-588)119384981 gnd History of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry History of Science Chemistry—History Inorganic chemistry History |
| topic_facet | Scheele, Carl Wilhelm 1742-1786 Bergman, Torbern 1735-1784 History of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry History of Science Chemistry—History Inorganic chemistry History |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032758193&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lennartsonanders carlwilhelmscheeleandtorbernbergmanthesciencelivesandfriendshipoftwopioneersinchemistry |