Operation Deliberate Force: air war over Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992-1995
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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2021
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| Schriftenreihe: | Europe@war
No. 8 |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 88 Seiten, viii Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Portraits (teilweise farbig) |
| ISBN: | 9781913336301 |
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CONTENTS Helion Company Limited Unit 8 Amherst Business Centre Budbrooke Road Warwick CV34 5WE England Tel. 01926 499619 Email: info@helion.co.uk Website: www.helion.co.uk Twitter: @helionbooks Visit our blog http://blog.helion.co.uk/ Text © Bojan Dimitrijević 2021 Photographs © as individually credited Colour profiles ©Tom Cooper 2021 Maps © Tom Cooper 2021 Designed typeset by Farr out Publications, Wokingham, Berkshire ' Cover design Paul Hewitt, Battlefield Design (www.battlefield-design.co.uk) Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction 1 2 3 4 5 The Serb Air Force dominates Bosnian skies, 1992 NATO establish control, 1993-1994 Parallel Air Wars 1995 Operation Deliberate Force The Aftermath of the NATO Air Campaign 2 2 3 4 15 37 46 69 Conclusion 80 Bibliography Notes About the Author 81 83 88 Every reasonable effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. The author and publisher apologise for any errors or omissions in this work, and would be grateful if notified of any corrections that should be incorporated in future reprints or editions of this book. ISBN 978-1-913336-30-1 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the express written consent of Helion Company Limited. We always welcome receiving book proposals from
prospective authors. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München Note: In order to simplify the use of this book, all names, locations and geographic designations are as provided in The Times World Atlas, or other traditionally accepted major sources of reference, as of the time of described events.
OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE: AIR WAR OVER BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 1992-1995 Bibliography Archival Sources HRVATSKI MEMORIJALNO DOKUMENTACIJSKI CENTAR DOMOVINSKOG RATA, [Croatian Memorial-Documentation Center of Homeland War, Zagreb, Croaita] fund: Srpska Vojska Krajine RV і PVO [Serbian Army of Krajina] 1994-1995 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA, Court Records, General Ratko Mladić handwritten notebooks 1991-1996 SAVEZNI SEKRETARIJAT ZA NARODNU ODBRANU [Federal Ministry of Defence, SFR Yugoslavia]-III uprava (1991-1992) VOJSKA REPUBLIKE SRPSKE [Army of Republika Srpska], original documents: Glavni Štab VRS, Sektor za OBR dnevne obaveštajne informacije 1995 V i PVO (assorted documents) Published Sources and Official Editions Komanda V i PVO, Iz smrti u besmrt (Komanda V i PVO, BanjaLuka 1996). Press Briefings NATO Operation Deliberate Force, Allied Forces Southern Europe Naples Italy. Republika Hrvatska i domovinski rat 1990-1995, Dokumenti vojne provenijencije Republike srpske Krajine: volumes 3 to 17 (Hrvatski Memorijalno Dokumentacijski Centar Domovinskog Rata, Zagreb 2008-2015). Zapisnik sa 16. sjednice Skupštine srpskog naroda u Bosni i Hercegovini, održane 12. maja 1992. u Banja Luci. 31 FW Support to Contingency Operations since 1994 (unclassified material). Oral Sources Zoran Dunović, Duško Četković, Janko Kecman, Milorad Milojčić, Zlatko Mikerević, Dragan Nakić, Živomir Ninković, Božo Novak, Gostimir Popovič, Saša Ratković, Pětko Rašević, Uroš Studen, Milan Torbica, Drago Vejnović and Miljan Vlačić (VRS), Ranko Dašić, Ratko Dopuđa, Nikola
Dukić, Janko Kecman, Dušan Kosanović, Milan Menićanin, Uroš Studen, Duško Žarković (SVK) and Luka Kastratović, Milan Menićanin (JNA/VJ) Written Statements Unpublished: Janko Aleksie, Milan Barvalac, Vlado Krsmanović, Zoran Lukić, Boro Samardžić, Aleksandar Studen, Zdravko Zeljković (VRS); Published: Señad Palić (ARBiH) and Josip Hrgović (HRZ). Magazines Air Forces Monthly, Narodna armija, Nova krila, Politika, Srpska vojska Video Materials (Films) and Youtube clips DOKUMENTARNI FILM OPERACIJA SANA 95: NEDOVRŠENA POBJEDA, https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=RohHZQC62u4 GENERAL (RET) HAL HORNBURG TALKS ABOUT OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE AT USAFA https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=F2NR5mLwoJU feature=youtu.be ITALY: US PILOT RESCUED IN BOSNIA WELCOMED AT AVIANO AIRBASE https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=a5vxdToj7WM8tfeature=youtu.be ITALY/AVIANO - NATO JETS FLY SORTIES https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=_I3Lko0ems88rt=15s PAD KRA]\NF https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtR4Ip-aEQU RV і PVOARMIJE RBIH, https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=ZMjEDG60UlY ZAKLETVA, DOKUMENTARNI FILM О VOSJCI REPUBLIKE SRPSKE RTRS https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=uykGCos9gks TV ZIVINICE - AERODROM DUBRAVE 24.05.1992 https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=u9ZIs2kwOFI BOROVIC, SELAK, IVANDIČ PREDAVANJE (ZAGREB, TEHNIČKI MUZEJ, 30.11.2012.) https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=WcM4MRISrM0 Articles Grant, Rebbeca, ‘The Carrier Myth’, Air Force Magazine, March 1999, pp.26-31. Hodžič, Šefko,‘Dvanaesta godišnjica rušenja helikoptera na Žepskoj planini, Udes koji je uticao na sudbinu Srebrenice’ (
http://bhstring.net/tuzlauslikama/tuzlarije/viewnewnewsb. php?id=16553 ) Lamothe, Dan, ‘This F-16 fighter jet in Afghanistan might be the Pentagon’s most decorated’, (https://www.washingtonpost. com/news/checkpoint/wp/2015/10/29/this-f- 16-fighter-jet-inafghanistan-might-be-the-pentagons-most-decorated/ ) Owen, Col Robert C, ‘The Balkans Air Campaign Study Part 1’, Airpower Journal, Summer 1997, pp.4-25. Owen, Col Robert C., ‘The Balkans Air Campaign Study Part 2’, Airpower Journal, Fall 1997, pp.6-27. Raguž, Mario, ‘Pobjegli na traktorima, avione ostavili', VP magazin za vojnu povijest, January 2012, pp.64-67. Šajinović, Dejan, ‘Zlatan Crnalić, pilot koji je preživio NATO: Ne ljutim se, oni su imali svoj zadatak, ja svoj' ( http://www. nezavisne.com/zivot-stil/zivot/Zlatan-Crnalic-pilot-koji-jeprezivio-NATO-Ne-ljutim-se-oni-su-imali-svoj-zadatak-ja-svojFOTO/334613 ) Tirpák, John, ‘Deliberate Force’, Air Force Magazine, October 1997, pp.36-43. ‘Transkript Okruglog stola na temu Uloga vojnog sektora u odbrani Tuzle 1992-1995“ Part 2 (Međunarodna galerija portreta, Tuzla, 20.10.2006). Werhas, Mario, Operacija Oluja, akcije Hrvatskog ratnog zrakoplovstva1, VP magazin za vojnu povijest, March 2012, pp.4451. Yost, David S., ‘The NATO Capabilities Gap and the European Union, The International Institutefor Strategic Studies Journal, Vol.42, No.4 Winter 2000-01, pp.97-128. Monographs 1. gardijska brigada hrvatske vojske, Tigorvi (Zagreb, Despot Infinitus, 2015). Aralıca, Tomislav, Robert Čopec, Marko Jeras, Zdenko Kinjerovac Tomislav Haraminčić, Sto godina ratnog zrakoplovstva u
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OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE: AIR WAR OVER BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 1992-1995 Rajtar, Vladimir, Nebeski ratnici, uspomene hrvatskog pilota (Zagreb, Vlastita naklada, 1995). Ripley, Tim, Air War Bosnia, UN and NATO Airpower (Osceola, Motorbooks Inti, 1996). Rouz, Majki, Misija u Bosni - borba za mir (Beograd, Tetra GM, 2001). Sarajlić, Tarik, Ratni dnevnik Gorazde 1992-1995 (Sarajevo, Smail Sarajlić, 1998). Sekulič, Milisav, Knin je pao u Beogradu (Beograd, Nidda Verlag/ Novosti, 2000). Simič, Novica, Operacija Koridor 92 (Banja Luka, Boračka organizacija Republike Srpske, 2011). Srdanovič, Slobodan, Pale ratne hronika (Beograd, Svet knjige, 1998). Srpska pobuna u Zapadnoj Slavonjii 1990-1995: nositelji, institucije, posljedice, Zbornik radova, ur. Ivica Miškulin i Mladen Barać (Slavonski Brod-Zagreb, Hrvatski institut za povijest, Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje, Zagreb: Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog rata, 2012). Stankovič, Miloš, Krtica od poverenja (Beograd, Knjiga kornere, 2002). Treća gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske Kune (Zagreb, Ministarstvov obrane Republike Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, 2012). Vojska Republike Srpske u odbrambeno-otadžbinskom ratu, aspekti, organizacija, operacije, Zbornik radova 1 (Banja Luka, Republički centar za istraživanje ratnih zločina, Mart 2011). Wiebes, Cees, Intelligence and the War in Bosnia 1992-1995 (Munster, Lit Verlag, 2003). Zovak, Jerko, Rat u bosanskoj Posavini 1992 (Slavonski Brod, Posavska Hrvatska d.o.o., 2009). Notes Chapter 1 1 2 3 4 5 Dimitrijević, Jugoslovensko ratno
vazduhoplovstvo 1942-1992 (Beograd, ISI, 2006). For details of Bihać Air Base, see Dimitrijević et al, Titos Underground Air Base (Warwick, Helion, 2020). Dimitrijević et al, 117 lovački puk; Interview with Colonel Milan Menićanin (CO 200th Air Base), Zemun 2015; General Luka Kastratović (CO 200th Air Defence Light AA Regiment). For details on Bihać Air Base, see Dimitrijević et al, Titos Underground Air Base. Načelnik Generalštaba Oružanih snaga SR Jugoslavije, s/pov.2088-1, 12. May 1992; Jakša Raguž, Hrvatsko Poneretvlje u domovinskom ratu (Zagreb: Ogranak Matice hrvatske Metković; Hrvatski institut za povijest MetkovićZagreb, 2004), p.461. ‘Uništen vojni aerodrome Dubrave kod Tuzle’, Politika (Belgrade, 19 May 1992); ‘Poslednji put iz Tuzle’, Intervju (29 May 1992); ‘Air War over Bosna Herzegovina,’Air Forces Monthly (December 1992), pp.25-31. 17 ‘Transkript Okruglog stola na temu Uloga vojnog sektora u odbrani Tuzle 1992-1995“, Drugi dio (Međunarodna galerija portreta, Tuzla, 20.10.2006). 18 Dimitrijević et al, 117 lovački puk; Dimitrijević et al, Tito’s Underground Air Base. 19 Bejdo Felié, brigadir, Peti korpus 1992.-1995 (Sarajevo, Ljiljan, 2002), pp.19-23; Señad Palic, written statement, 11 April 2005. 20 Josip Hrgovic, written statement; Vladimir Rajtar, Nebeski ratnici, uspomene hrvatskog pilota (Zagreb, Vlastita naklada, 1995), pp.217-233; Aralıca et al, Sto Godina, pp.366. 21 Señad Palic, written statement; Rajtar, Nebeski ratnici, uspomene hrvatskog pilota, pp.217-233. 22 Borojević et al, Vazduhoplovne Snage, pp.182-183; ‘Transkript Okruglog stola na temu Uloga
vojnog sektora u odbrani Tuzle 1992-1995'. 23 ‘Transkript Okruglog Stola na temu Uloga vojnog sektora u odbrani Tuzle 1992-1995.’ ‘Air War over Bosna Herzegovina’, Air Forces Monthly (December 1992), pp.25-31; Mark Nixon, ‘Forged in War-Dedicated to Peace’, Air Forces Monthly (January 2003), pp.52-57. 24 Rajtar, Nebeski ratnici, uspomene hrvatskog pilota, p.234. 6 ‘Na teritoriji BiH nema više jedinica RV і PVO’, Politika (19 May 1992). 7 Zapisnik sa 16. sjednice Skupštine srpskog naroda u Bosni i Hercegovini, održane 12. Maja 1992. u Banja Luci, pp.31-41. 26 Josip Hrgovic, written statement, 7 May 2008; Rajtar, Nebeski ratnici, uspomene hrvatskog pilota, pp.217-233; Aralıca et al, Sto Godina, рр.365366. 8 Interview with General Živomir Ninković (Commander V i PVO) 2 and 16 February 2016, Belgrade; Interview with General Božo Novak (Chief of Staff V і PVO) 2-3 February and 2 March 2016, Belgrade. 9 Vojska Republike Srpske u odbrambeno - otadžbinskom ratu, aspekti, organizacija, operacije, Zbornik radova 1 (Republički centar za istraživanje ratnih zločina, Banja Luka, Mart 2011). p.35. 25 Aralıca, Sto godina,. р.362. 27 Borojević et al, Vazduhoplovne Snage, pp.221-225; Aralıca et al, Sto Godina, pp.366. 28 Aralıca et al, Sto Godina, pp.366-367; Borojević et al, Vazduhoplovne Snage, pp.227-237. 29 Aralıca et al, Sto Godina, pp.368. 30 Borojević et al, Vazduhoplovne Snage, p.187. 10 Savezni sekretarijat za narodnu odbranu, s/pov 2284-1, 30 August 1991; ‘Ponovo krila nad Zalužanima’, Narodna armija (Belgrade 14 August 1991), p.4; ‘Novi vojni aerodrom RV i PVO kod Banja Luke’,
Politika (13 August 1991), p.8. 31 Glavni Štab VRS, Sektor za ОВР, ‘Dnevne obaveštajne informacije,’ July 1995. 11 Savezni sekretarijat za narodnu odbrana, s/pov, 2944-1,30. Oktobar 1991 ; ‘Nova krila krajine’, Narodna armija (23 October 1991), p.5. 33 Borojević, Drago Željko, Orlovi sa Vrbasa (Ruma, Autorsko izdanje, 2014), p.124. 12 Savezni sekretarijat za narodnu odbrana, s/pov, 2944-1,30. Oktobar 1991. 34 Komanda V i PVO, Iz smrti u besmrt (Banja Luka, Komanda V i PVO, 1996). 13 ‘Ratni put Komande i jedinica 5. p VOJIN’, 5. puk VOJIN, s/pov. 01/98֊ 4, 19. February 1992, pp.26-27; Dimitrijević, Jugoslovensko ratno vazduhoplovstvo 1942-1992. 14 Komanda 155.rp PVO, str.pov. br 03/26-39,12.06 1992. 15 Komanda V I PVO, “Pregled stanja popune mirnodopskih i mobilisanih jedinica sa stanjem na dan_ 1992.”; Vinko Pandurević, Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini i stvaranje Vojske Republike Srpske (Beograd, Igam, 2015), pp.140 and 164; Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat (Beograd, Društvo istoričara Srbije, 2017), pp.61-65. 16 Komanda VI PVO, sp br. 02/152-25,29.10.1992. 32 Operation Sharp Guard https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_ Sharp_Guarđ . 35 Aralıca et al, Sto Godina, рр.365. 36 Komanda V i PVO, Iz smrti u besmrt. 37 Simić, Operacija Koridor 92 (Banja Luka, Boračka organizacija Republike Srpske, 2011). 38 Komanda VI PVO, ‘Pregled realizacije vazduhoplovne podrške,’ (courtesy of General Novak); Analiza borbene gotovosti i aktivnosti VRS u 1992. godini; Simić, Operacija Koridor 92. 39 Interview with Colonel Janko Kecman (Deputy CO of the 56th Helicopter Squadron), 11 April 2016, Banja
Luka. 83
EUROPE@WAR VOLUME 8 40 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, pp.70-75. 41 ‘Diskusija načelnika Uprave V I PVO puk Radoslava Panzdica na analizi b/g za 1996. godinu’ (courtesy of General Milan Torbica). 42 InterviewwithColonelMiljanVlačić(CO,28thSquadron),BanjaLuka, 11 April 2016; Interview with Lt. Colonel Zlatko Mikerević (27th Squadron), 8 May 2016, Zemun. 43 International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Court Records, General Ratko Mladić notebook No. 40, p.40. 44 Resolution UN SC 781 at: http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/781; Commandant Franchet, Casque bleu pour rien, Ce que j’ai vraiment vu en Bosnie (Paris, J.C. Lattes, 1995), p.113. 45 Interviews with General Ninković and General Novak. 46 According to the documents, shown to author by General B. Novak. 47 ‘An-2 i Utva-75 dejstvuju po neprijatelju https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=X6iXh09p_7M8rt=8s 48 Glavni štab VRS, Banja Luka, 08.12. 1992. g, Pismo generala Mladića komandantu snaga UNPROFOR generalu Satiš Nambijaru. 49 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower (Osceola, Motorbooks International, 1996), p.39; more details on: https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Operation_Sky_Monitor Chapter 2 1 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.9; Morillon, Croireet Oser, Chronique de Sarajevo (Paris, Bernard Grasset, 1993), pp.93-94. 2 The fact that the Croats opened fire upon the aircraft was quickly omitted from related press releases in the West, because it did not fit into the estabhshed public impression in which the Serbs were the ‘sole villains’ in this war. 3 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.
18. 4 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.28. 5 Komanda V і PVO VRS, str.pov br. 02/2-6, 07.03 1993. 6 Budaiam, Responsibility of Command, How UN and NATO Commanders Influenced Airpower over Bosnia (Air University Press, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, March 2003), p.173; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.28. 7 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.28. 8 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.39. 9 O’Shea, Crisis at Bihać Bosnia s Bloody Battlefield (Stroud, Sutton Publishing, 1998), pp.157-159; Wiebes, Intelligence and the War in Bosnia 1992-1995 (Munster, Lit Verlag, 2003). 10 Resolution UN SC 816 at http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/816 11 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, pp.39-47. 12 Budaiam, Responsibility of Command, pp.81, 94-99. 24 Komanda Vi PVO VRS, str.pov br. 02/152-37,29.12.1992; Interview with General Milan Torbica (Head of the Air Defence Department V I PVO HQs), 13 March, Zemun /10 April, Banja Luka 2016. 25 Interview with General Torbica. 26 GS VRS, str.pov 25-17, 17.02 1994; GS VRS, str.pov 11/30-32 11.03.1994; Komanda V і PVO VRS, str.pov br.05/21-13, 24.02 1994; Komanda V і PVO VRS, str.pov br.05/21-14, 15.03 1994; Komanda V i PVO VRS, տէր. povbr.05/121-26,18.04 1994. 27 Interview with General Novak. 28 R. Bošković, Nebo na dlanu, p.485; see Dimitrijević et al, Titos Underground Air Base. The most important of the five major radar stations operated by the V і PVO was the 1st Radar Company at Mount Plješevica, which proved capable of monitoring NATO operations not only over Croatia and Hungary, but
also all the way out over the Adriatic Sea and was feeding its radar picture to the HQ of the Serbian forces in Croatia. Unsurprisingly, all such stations were heavily fortified and well-protected - not a minute too late: the Jahorina station was attacked by Armija BiH twice (on 18 December 1992 and 3 July 1993), while the Nevesinje station came under attack in November 1994. In all cases, their garrisons were able to repel the assailants. 29 Komanda Vi PVO, sp.br. 02/152-25,29.10.1992; Komanda V і PVO VRS, տէր. povbr. 05/26-11,16.06.1994; Boskovic, Nebo na dlanu, Vek vazdušnog osmatranja javljanja i navodjenja (Beograd, autorsko izdanje, 2017), pp.484-486; Interview with Colonel Pětko Rašević (Deputy CO 51st Air Surveillance Battalion), Novi Beograd, 5 May 2016. 30 Bošković, Nebo na dlanu, p.494. 31 Interview with Colonel Gostimir Popovié (Head of Intel Department VI PVO HQs) Banja Luka, 11 April 2016. 32 ICTY, General Ratko Mladić notebook No. 36, pp.334-344 and 381-385. 33 Republika Hrvatska i domovinski rat 1990-1995, Dokumenti vojne provenijencije Republike srpske Krajine, volume 7, siječanj-lipanj 1993 (Hrvatski Memorijalno Dokumentacijski Centar Domovinskog Rata, Zagreb 2009) and interview with Colonel Kecman. 34 Interview with Colonel Dopudja. 35 Deveta gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske Vukovi (Ministarstvo ohrane Republike Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, Zagreb 2012). 36 Komanda V I PVO, VRS, str. pov. br. 02/2-26, 28.10.1993 and interviews with several veterans of the 2nd Battalion Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry. 37 Hrvatski memorijalno
dokumentacijski centar domovinskog rata Zagreb (HMDCDR): RV I PVO SVK: GS SVK, Organ RV I PVO, pov. Br 41-239, 23.03.94. 38 Interview with General Duško Žarković (CO of the 2nd SP AD Battery SVK), Zemun, 4 February 2016. 39 HMDCDR: RV I PVO SVK: GS SVK, Organ RV I PVO, pov. Br 41-239, 23.03.94. 13 Owen (ed.), Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, Final Report of the Air University Balkans Air Campaign Study, (Air University Press, Maxwell AFB, January 2000). pp.48-52. 40 Komanda V I PVO, VRS, տէր. pov. br. 02/2-26, 28.10.1993; ICTY, General Ratko Mladić notebook No. 36, pp.334-344, 381-385. 14 Srpska vojska, br. 6 (26 March 1993), pp.10-11. 41 Borojević et al, Orlovi sa Vrbasa. p.l47. 15 ICTY, General Ratko Mladić notebook No. 36, p.33; Komanda V I PVO, „Letovi aviona NATO iznad grada Banja Luke na visinama ispod 2000m“ (courtesy of General Novak). 42 The following reconstruction is based on interviews with four of the pilots involved, the former commander of the V і PVO, and his contemporary Chief-of-Staff. While some of their recollections differ, the gist of the story is the same. 16 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.65; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.48. 17 Alport, ‘Bosnia’s on-going air war’, Air Forces Monthly, June 1994, pp.2226. 43 Interviews with Colonel Miljan Vlačić, Lt. Colonel Uros Studen 17 February 2016, Zemun, Lt. Colonel Zlatko Mikerević (pilots who took part in this mission), General Ninković and Novak. 18 Lutgert 8r de Winter Check the Horizon, De Koninklijke Luchtmacht en het conflict
in voormalig Joegoslavië 1991-1995 (den Haag, Sectie Luchtmachthistorie, Staf Bevelhebber der Luchtstrijdkrachten, 2001). 44 ITALY/AVIANO - NATO JETS FLY SORTIES https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=_I3Lko0ems88rt=15s ; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.72. 19 Alport, ‘Bosnia’s on-going air war’, pp.22-26. 45 Dejan Šajinović, ‘ZlatanCrnalić, pilot koji je preživio NATO: Ne ljutim se, oni su imali svoj zadatak, ja svoj’ http://www.nezavisne.com/zivot-stil/ zivot/Zlatan-Crnalic-pilot-koji-je-prezivio-NATO-Ne-ljutim-se-oni-suimali-svoj-zadatak-ja-svoj-FOTO/334613) 20 Alport Thouanel, ‘Operations Crecerelle and Balbuzard’, Air Forces Monthly, July 1994, pp.29-31. 21 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, pp.46-47. 22 Komanda V i PVO, Iz smrti u besmrt. 23 Komanda 155.rp PVO, str.pov. br 03/26-39,12.06.1992. 84 46 Nova krila (28 June 1994). pp.8-11. 47 Resolution UN SC 836 at http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/836
OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE: AIR WAR OVER BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 1992-1995 2 HMDCDR: RV i PVO SVK: GS SVK, Organ RV i PVO, pov. Br 5/1-52, 13.03.95. 3 HMDCDR: RV і PVO SVK: GS SVK, Organ RV і PVO, pov. Br 5/1-52, 13.03.95. 50 Ripley, Air 'War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.70; Rouz, Misija и Bosni, pp.137-138. 4 Armija OS R BiH Komanda Vazduhoplovne grupe Bihac, str.pov. broj 01/280/1,29.05 1995; Interview with General Žarković, 51 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp.140-141; Alport, ‘Bosnia’s on-going air war’, pp.22-26. 5 Srpska pobuna u Zapadnoj Slavonjii 1990-1995: nositelji, institucije, posljedice, Zbornik radova, ur. Ivica Miškulin i Mladen Barać (Hrvatski institut za povijest, Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje; Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog rata, Slavonski Brod-Zagreb 2012). 6 HMDCDR: RVIPVOSVK: Komanda 728. mhe, pov br. 56145-7, 04. 05.1995. 7 Aralıca et al, Sio Godina, p.371-372; Borojević et al, Orlovi sa Vrbasa. pp. 156-160. 8 Primorac, Peresin, život i smrt, O Rudolfu ne samo pilotu. (Čakovec, Zrinski, 2001); Borojević et al, Orlovi sa Vrbasa, p. 160 9 HMDCDR: RVIPVOSVK: Komanda 105.vbr,str. pov. Br 01/11-14, 26.04.1995 and տէր. pov. Br 01/11-23, 02.06.1995; Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat,pp.249-254. 48 Koljević, Stvaranje Republike Srpske, dnevnik 1993-1995, vol 1 (Beograd, Službeni glasnik, 2008). p.428, Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp.122-123. 49 Rouz, Misija u Bosni - borba za mir (Beograd, Tetra GM, 2001). р.137. 52 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, p.187-188. 53 Alport Thouanel, Operations Crecerelle and Balbuzard’,
pp.29-31; Alport, ‘Bosnia’s on-going air war’, pp.22-26. 54 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, p. 147; Alport, ‘Bosnia’s on-going air war’, pp.22-26. 55 Alport, ‘Bosnia’s on-going air war’, pp.22-26. 56 Tarik Sarajlić, Ratni dnevnik Gorazde 1992-1995 (Sarajevo, Smail Sarajlić, 1998). p.305. 57 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp. 147-148; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.70. 58 Alport Thouanel, Operations Crecerelle and Balbuzard’, pp.29-31. 59 108 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp.147-148. 60 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, p.206; Stankovič, Krtica od poverenja (Beograd, Knjiga kornere, 2002), p.370-371, Bucknam, Responsiblity of Command, pp.l62 and 165. 10 HMDCDR: RV I PVO SVK: GS SVK, Organ RV I PVO, pov. Br 5/1-98, 12.06.1995. Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, pp.249-254. 11 Komanda VI PVO VRS, str.pov. 02/2-16,13/06 1995. 61 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp.206-207. 12 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.82. 62 Bucknam, Responsiblity of Command, p.l֊63. 13 Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, p.207. 63 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp.224-225; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.70; Koljević, Stvaranje Republike Srpske, vol 1 р.667; Stankovič, Krtica od poverenja, pp.370-377; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp.165-167. 14 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.82. 64 Interviews with General Novak, and Colonel Ranko Dašić (CO of the 44th Air Defence Missile Brigade SVK), Belgrade, 5 February 2016. 65 Felié, Peti korpus 1992.-1995, pp.309 ֊ 343; HMDCDR: VRS: К-da Drugog krajiškog korpusa, str. pov. br. 13-454,14. novembar 1994. 66 Felié, Peti korpus 1992.-1995, pp.306,360,372-375;
Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, pp.192-193. 67 Komanda V i PVO VRS, str.pov. br. 02/2-19, 18.11.1994; Balkan Battlegrounds, A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990-1995, volume I (Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Russian and European Analysis Washington D.C., May 2002). p.249; Felié, Peti korpus 1992.1995, pp.377-378. 68 O’Shea, Crisis at Bihać: Bosnia’s Bloody Battlefield, p. 107. 69 Resolution UN SC 958 at http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/958 70 Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp. 176-177; Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp.252-253. 71 Interview with Colonel Dopudja. 72 Lutgert 8c de Winter, Check the Horizon, p.316; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.70. 73 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, pp.195-198 and Lutgert 8c de Winter, Check the Horizon, pp.313-315. 74 Interviews with General Torbica and General Novak. 75 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, p.255; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower pp.70-71, Stankovič, Krtica od poverenja, p.421; Komanda V I PVO, ‘Postupci avijacije NATO pre napada (21.11.1994)’ courtesy of General Novak. 15 Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, p.216. 16 Komanda VI PVO, ‘Šematski prikaz obaranja američkog aviona F-16, 02 .06 1995.godine u 15.02 časova’ (courtesy of General Novak). 17 O’Grady with French, Basher Five- Two: The True Story ofF-16 Fighter Pilot Captain Scott O’Grady (Bantam Doubleday, New York, 1998). 18 ITALY: US PILOT RESCUED IN BOSNIA WELCOMED AT AVIANO AIRBASE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5vxdToj7WM8cfeature=youtu.be 19 Establishment of a Rapid-Reaction Force within the UN Protection Force,
http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/998 ; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.82. 20 Republika Hrvatska i domovinski rat 1990-1995, Dokumenti vojne provenijencije Republike srpske Krajine: volume 17, svibanj-listopad 1995 (Hrvatski Memorijalno Dokumentacijski Centar Domovinskog Rata, Zagreb, 2015). 21 Raguž, ‘Pobjegli na traktorima, avione ostavili’, VP magazin za vojnu povijest, January 2012, pp.64-67. 22 Interview with Colonel Vlačić. 23 Treća gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske Kune (Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, Zagreb 2012); 24 GŠVRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov br. 12/45-1024,07.08.1995, ‘obaveštajna informacija’. 25 Interviews with Colonel Dašić and General Žarković. 26 Werhas, Operacija Oluja, akcije Hrvatskog ratnog zrakoplovstva, VP magazin za vojnu povijest, March 2012, pp.44-51; Marijan, Oluja (Hrvatski Memorijalno Dokumentacijski Centar Domovinskog Rata, Zagreb 2007). 27 Señad Palic, written statement. 76 O’Shea, Crisis at Bihać: Bosnia’s Bloody Battlefield, pp.111-112. 28 O’Shea, Crisis at Bihać: Bosnia's Bloody Battlefield, p.156. 77 Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp.183-184; ‘Sema borbenog dejstva 1. ssrb PVO 26.11.1994’ courtesy of General Novak. 29 Señad Palic, written statement. 78 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp.252-253, Bucknam, Responsiblity of Command, pp.184-189. 79 Bucknam, Responsiblity of Command, p. 115; Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp.252253, Stankovič, Krtica od poverenja, p.370. Chapter З 1 Komanda V i PVO VRS, str.pov. br. 02/2-20, 30.11.1994. 30 GŠ VRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov br. 12/45-1126,
24.08.1995; Bahto Hamid, Sa braniocima Sarajeva і Gorazda (Vijeće Kongresa Bošnjačkih Intelektualaca, Sarajevo, 2008) 31 ‘Transkript Okruglog stola na temu Uloga vojnog sektora u odbrani Tuzle 1992-1995“, Drugi dio (Međunarodna galerija portreta, Tuzla, 20.10.2006); Komanda V I PVO, ‘Sema desjtva larv PVO pri uništenju neprijateljskog helikoptera u rejonu s. Mrkalji, 09.05.1995 godine u 02.30 časova’ (courtesy of General Novak); Seiko Hodžić, ‘Dvanaesta godišnjica rušenja helikoptera na Žepskoj planini, Udes koji je uticao na sudbinu 85
EUROPE@WAR VOLUME 8 Srebrenice, http://bhstring.net/tuzlauslikama/tuzlarije/viewnewnewsb. php?id=16553 32 ‘Transkript Okruglog stola na temu Uloga vojnog sektora u odbrani Tuzle 1992-1995', Drugi dio (Međunarodna galerija portreta, Tuzla, 20.10.2006); Interview: ‘Salko Begič, Sarajevo, Rujan 2005, Razgovor i snimka čuvaju se u Središnjem vojnom arhivu MORH-a.” Chapter 4 33 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ p.4. 34 Međović Jovo, Jahorina 1992-1996 Dnevnik (Svet knjige, 2001), рр.146147. 35 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ pp.4-5, 8. 36 Interview with General Torbica; Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat,pp.286-287. 37 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ pp.4-5; Š. Hodžič, Vitezovi i Fluni (Sarajevo, OKO, 1996), pp.218-219. 38 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ p.8; NATO protiv Srba, Ritam zločina (Sarajevo ֊ Ilidža, Oslobodjenje, October 1995). 1 Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp.59 and 66. 2 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.470. 39 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.137. 3 Resolution UN SC at 836 http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/836 4 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.95-100 and 470; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp.81-87. 40 GŠ VRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov. Brl2/45-1143, 30. 08.1995, ‘Obaveštajna informacija’. 5 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.107-108, 280-295. 41 Interview with General Novak, Interview with General Torbica. 42 Interview with General Novak; Interview with Colonel Popovič. 43 Bošković, Nebo na dlanu, pp.499-502. 6 Holbruk, Put и Dejton, Od
Sarajeva do Dejtona i posle (Beograd, Dangraf, 1998), pp.70-71. 7 Lutgert de Winter, Check the Horizon; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, p.248. 8 GŠ VRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov br. 12/45-882,16.07.1995, bbaveštajna informacija and 12/45-900,20.07.1995 obaveštajna informacija. 47 Komanda 250. raketne brigade PVO VJ, pisana izjava (written statement): ‘Studen Aleksandar, vodnik, komanda 250.rbr PVO, 13. septembar 1996.’ 9 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.477-478; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp.251-255. 48 Komanda 250. raketne brigade PVO VJ, pisana izjava (written statement): ‘Studen Aleksandar, vodnik, komanda 250.rbr PVO, 13. septembar 1996.’ 10 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.101; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, p.204. 44 Boskovic, Nebo na dlanu, pp.499-502. 45 Interview with Colonel Rasevic. 46 Bošković, Nebo na dlanu, pp.499-502. 49 Written statement: Studen Aleksandar. 13 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.107. 50 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.92; Chiffot, Portes disparus, 104 jours aux mains des Serbs, (Paris, Seuil, 1997), pp.31-36,133; Petar Ćosović: Kako sam spasio francuske pilote (1995) https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=rmyyiL75iuQ t=59s ; 10. diverzantski odred VRS i francuski piloti https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=eLxlN4_ GAwE 14 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.57. 51 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.137-138. 11 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.
135. 12 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.98; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, p.204. 15 Owen, ‘The Balkans Air Campaign Study, Part 1’, Airpower Journal, Summer 1997, pp.4-25; Owen, ‘The Balkans Air Campaign Study Part 2’, Airpower Journal, Fall 1997, pp.6-27; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, p.262. 16 Holbruk, Put и Dejton, pp.95-97. 17 Walter, Im Dienste des Friedens, 2. aktualisierte auflage (Bonn, Bernard und Graefe Verlag, 2000). 18 GŠ VRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov br. 12/45-922, 24.07.1995 bbaveštajna informacija’ and strogo pov br. 12/45-954, 27.07.1995. 19 GŠ VRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov br. 12/45-922, 24.07.1995 ‘obaveštajna informacija’ and strogo pov br. 12/45-954, 27.07.1995. 20 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, p.279. 21 GŠVRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov br. 12/45-1057, 14 August 1995 ‘Obaveštajna informacija’. 22 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.52-54,134, 202. 23 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.201. 24 Interview with Lt Colonel Sasa Ratković (member of 2/51st Air Surveillance Battalion VRS) Belgrade, 4 August 2016. 25 Nova krila 27-28, novembar 1995, special edition: ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ pp.7-8. 26 Holbruk, Put и Dejton, р.96. 27 Owen, ‘The Balkans Air Campaign Study, Part 1’, pp.4-25; Owen, ‘The Balkans Air Campaign Study, Part 2’, pp.6-27; Bucknam, Responsiblity of Command, pp.276-277; Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.483. 52 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.148-149. 53 ICTY, General Ratko
Mladić notebook No. 32, pp. 156-159; Chiffot, Portes disparus, 104 jours aux mains des Serbs, pp.321-328; RatkoMladić razmijena pilota, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKJGLAJiQWY . 54 ‘Došije: NATOletoviuzločin,’ pp.9-10. 55 Written statement: Studen Aleksandar. 56 Međović, Jahorina 1992-1996 Dnevnik, p.147; ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ p.ll. 57 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.144-145. (ret) Hal Hornburg Talks About Operation 58 General Deliberate Force at USAFA https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=F2NR5mLwoJU8tfeature=youtu.be 59 ICTY, General Ratko Mladić Notebook 32, pp.7-11. 60 Balkan Battlegrounds, p.378. 61 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.147 62 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ p.12; KemalDuraković, Na Istočnom bedemu Bosne IV, Dnevnički zapis za 1995. godinu iz donjeg Podrinja (Dobra knjiga, Sarajevo, 2009). p.206. 63 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.150-151. 64 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin’, pp.13-14; Međović, Jahorina 1992-1996 Dnevnik, p.149. 65 ICTY, General Ratko Mladić notebook 32, pp.20-21; Međović, Jahorina 1992-1996 Dnevnik, p. 149. 66 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp. 156-157. 67 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin’, pp.14-15. 28 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.137; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p. 111. 69 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin, pp.14-15. 29 GŠ VRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov. Brl2/45-1143, “Obaveštajna informacija”, 29. avgust 1995. 70 Interview with Lt Colonel Ratković; Dimitrijević,
Vazdušni Rat, pp.291292. 30 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.483-484. 71 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, p.292. 31 Interview with Lt. Colonel Ratković. 72 Holmes, ‘Blooded over Bosnia, Bombcat: the US Navy’s Ultimate Precision 32 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.136,162. 68 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.152. Bomber.
OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE: AIR WAR OVER BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 1992-1995 73 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, pp.130-136. 74 Bilt, Zadatak mir, ρ.165. Chapter 5 1 75 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.151-152; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp.297 and 310. 76 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.152; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.92. 2 ‘The Force in Aviano, Air Forces Monthly December 1996, pp.27-33. 3 Saunders, ‘The Stars Look Down, United States Air Force, Yearbook (1999), pp.44-46. 77 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp. 155-156. 78 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ p. 16; Duraković, Na Istočnom bedemu Bosne IV, p.211. 4 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p. 105. 5 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.105; As an illustration of missions conducted, the 31st FW at Aviano logged 2,316 sorties in 1994-1995, plus 2065 sorties conducted while the two squadrons were part of the 86th FW in Ramstein from September 1993 to May 1994. 6 Kitfield, ‘Tuzla is tough duty’ (Air Forces Monthly December 1996), pp.6063; Ripley, ‘Tuzla Air Base’, United States Air Force, Yearbook (1999), pp.3940. 79 Interview with General Torbica. 80 Bošković, Nebo na dlanu, p.502. Editorial note: the “metric waves” referred to are UHF frequencies of l-10m wave!ength. Some sources claim these to be less vulnerable to detection and attack by anti-radiation missiles than other wavelengths. 81 Bilt, Zadatak mir, pp.165-166. 82 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air
Campaigning, p.154; ‘Došije: NATO letovi uz ločin, p.l8. 83 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin’, p.l9; Međović, Jahorina 1992-1996 Dnevnik, p. 150. Koljević, Stvaranje Republike Srpske, vol. 2, pp.353, 372-389, 401-404; Izetbegovic, Sjećanja, autobiografski zapis, pp.259-295; Holbruk, Put u Dejton, pp.239-324. 7 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.283-284. 8 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.336. 9 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.207-239, 247. 84 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.157. 10 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.247. 85 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.124, 154; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.92. 11 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.258-265. 86 Holbruk, Put и Dejton, pp.155-156; ICTY, General Ratko Mladić notebook 32, pp.31-34. 87 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.155, 157; NATO protiv Srba, Ritam zločina, pp.163-164. 88 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.92; Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.115,158. 89 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.93; AFSOUTH Fact Sheet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Dcny_Flight 90 Konferencija za štampu Komandanta Glavnog štaba VRS, 26. septembar 1996; Nova krila 27-28, novembar 1995, došije: ‘Nato letovi u zločini p.22. 91 O’Shea, Crisis at Bihać: Bosnia’s Bloody Battlefield, pp.235-236; Prva gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske
Tigrovi (Zagreb, Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, 2012); Prvi hrvatski gardijski zdrug Hrvatske vojske (Zagreb, Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, 2012); Febć, Peti korpus 1992.-1995, pp.528-573. 92 Arabca et al, Sto Godina, pp.373-374. 93 DOKUMENTARNI FILM OPERACIJA SANA 95: NEDOVRŠENA POBJEDA, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RohHZQC62u4 12 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.lll. 13 ‘Blooded over Bosnia’, F-14 Bombcat, Air Forces Monthly publication, pp.14-18 14 Strickland, ‘The Early Evolution of the Predator Drone’, Studies in Intelligence Voi. 57, No. 1 (Extracts, March 2013) 15 U.S. Predator Operations - Update, Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/ p010337.pdf ; Operation Nomad Vigil https://www.globalsecurity.org/ military/ops/nomad_vigil.htm 16 Komanda 250. raketne brigade PVO VJ, pisana izjava (written statement):‘Aleksie, kapetan prve klase, komanda 250.rbr PVO, Septembar 1996.’ 17 Interview with Lt. Colonel Ratković. 18 ‘Diskusija načelnika Uprave V i PVO puk. Radoslava Pandzica na anabzi b/g za 1996. godinu’ courtesy by General Torbica. 19 Borojević et al, Orlovi sa Vrbasa, p.l81. 20 ‘Diskusija načelnika Uprave V i PVO puk. Radoslava Pandzica na anabzi b/g za 1996. godinu’ courtesy by General Torbica. 21 Komanda V і PVO, str.pov br 03/4-95/1, 27.09 1995. 22 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p. 199. 94 Druga gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske Gromovi (Zagreb, Ministarstvo obrane
Repubbke Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, 2012), p.356-360. 23 Balkan Battlegrounds, pp.393-395. 95 Druga gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske Gromovi, p.356-360; Interview with General Novak. 25 Interview with Colonel Popovié. 96 Interview with Brigdair Dragan Nakić, Beograd/Banja Luka, 2016. 97 Interview with pilot ‘M’; VHS footage of this mission, courtesy by Dean Čanić, Zagreb. 98 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, pp.332-333; Felié, Peti korpus 1992.-1995, pp.572-584. 24 Interview with General Novak. 26 Bilt, Zadatak mir (Beograd, Samizdat B92,1999), p.166. 27 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.507. 28 Author’s interview with Richard Holbrooke, 3 October 2003, Belgrade. 29 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.164-165. 30 Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, p.302. 99 Felié, Peti korpus 1992-1995, pp.572-584. 100 Interview with Brigadier Zoran Dunović, Banja Luka 9 April 2016; Felié, Peti korpus 1992.-1995, pp.581-582; Borojević et al, Orlovi sa Vrbasa, pp.176-180. 101 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, р.332. 102 Izetbegovic, Sjećanja, autobiografski zapis (Sarajevo, OKO, 2001). p.254. 103 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, pp.332-333; Felié, Peti korpus 1992.-1995, pp.587-627. 104 Interview with Colonel Kecman. 105 Interview with Colonel Kecman. 106 Felié, Peti korpus 1992-1995. p.584 107 Interview with General Novak. 87 |
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CONTENTS Helion Company Limited Unit 8 Amherst Business Centre Budbrooke Road Warwick CV34 5WE England Tel. 01926 499619 Email: info@helion.co.uk Website: www.helion.co.uk Twitter: @helionbooks Visit our blog http://blog.helion.co.uk/ Text © Bojan Dimitrijević 2021 Photographs © as individually credited Colour profiles ©Tom Cooper 2021 Maps © Tom Cooper 2021 Designed typeset by Farr out Publications, Wokingham, Berkshire ' Cover design Paul Hewitt, Battlefield Design (www.battlefield-design.co.uk) Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction 1 2 3 4 5 The Serb Air Force dominates Bosnian skies, 1992 NATO establish control, 1993-1994 Parallel Air Wars 1995 Operation Deliberate Force The Aftermath of the NATO Air Campaign 2 2 3 4 15 37 46 69 Conclusion 80 Bibliography Notes About the Author 81 83 88 Every reasonable effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. The author and publisher apologise for any errors or omissions in this work, and would be grateful if notified of any corrections that should be incorporated in future reprints or editions of this book. ISBN 978-1-913336-30-1 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the express written consent of Helion Company Limited. We always welcome receiving book proposals from
prospective authors. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München Note: In order to simplify the use of this book, all names, locations and geographic designations are as provided in The Times World Atlas, or other traditionally accepted major sources of reference, as of the time of described events.
OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE: AIR WAR OVER BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 1992-1995 Bibliography Archival Sources HRVATSKI MEMORIJALNO DOKUMENTACIJSKI CENTAR DOMOVINSKOG RATA, [Croatian Memorial-Documentation Center of Homeland War, Zagreb, Croaita] fund: Srpska Vojska Krajine RV і PVO [Serbian Army of Krajina] 1994-1995 INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA, Court Records, General Ratko Mladić handwritten notebooks 1991-1996 SAVEZNI SEKRETARIJAT ZA NARODNU ODBRANU [Federal Ministry of Defence, SFR Yugoslavia]-III uprava (1991-1992) VOJSKA REPUBLIKE SRPSKE [Army of Republika Srpska], original documents: Glavni Štab VRS, Sektor za OBR dnevne obaveštajne informacije 1995 V i PVO (assorted documents) Published Sources and Official Editions Komanda V i PVO, Iz smrti u besmrt (Komanda V i PVO, BanjaLuka 1996). Press Briefings NATO Operation Deliberate Force, Allied Forces Southern Europe Naples Italy. Republika Hrvatska i domovinski rat 1990-1995, Dokumenti vojne provenijencije Republike srpske Krajine: volumes 3 to 17 (Hrvatski Memorijalno Dokumentacijski Centar Domovinskog Rata, Zagreb 2008-2015). Zapisnik sa 16. sjednice Skupštine srpskog naroda u Bosni i Hercegovini, održane 12. maja 1992. u Banja Luci. 31 FW Support to Contingency Operations since 1994 (unclassified material). Oral Sources Zoran Dunović, Duško Četković, Janko Kecman, Milorad Milojčić, Zlatko Mikerević, Dragan Nakić, Živomir Ninković, Božo Novak, Gostimir Popovič, Saša Ratković, Pětko Rašević, Uroš Studen, Milan Torbica, Drago Vejnović and Miljan Vlačić (VRS), Ranko Dašić, Ratko Dopuđa, Nikola
Dukić, Janko Kecman, Dušan Kosanović, Milan Menićanin, Uroš Studen, Duško Žarković (SVK) and Luka Kastratović, Milan Menićanin (JNA/VJ) Written Statements Unpublished: Janko Aleksie, Milan Barvalac, Vlado Krsmanović, Zoran Lukić, Boro Samardžić, Aleksandar Studen, Zdravko Zeljković (VRS); Published: Señad Palić (ARBiH) and Josip Hrgović (HRZ). Magazines Air Forces Monthly, Narodna armija, Nova krila, Politika, Srpska vojska Video Materials (Films) and Youtube clips DOKUMENTARNI FILM OPERACIJA SANA 95: NEDOVRŠENA POBJEDA, https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=RohHZQC62u4 GENERAL (RET) HAL HORNBURG TALKS ABOUT OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE AT USAFA https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=F2NR5mLwoJU feature=youtu.be ITALY: US PILOT RESCUED IN BOSNIA WELCOMED AT AVIANO AIRBASE https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=a5vxdToj7WM8tfeature=youtu.be ITALY/AVIANO - NATO JETS FLY SORTIES https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=_I3Lko0ems88rt=15s PAD KRA]\NF https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtR4Ip-aEQU RV і PVOARMIJE RBIH, https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=ZMjEDG60UlY ZAKLETVA, DOKUMENTARNI FILM О VOSJCI REPUBLIKE SRPSKE RTRS https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=uykGCos9gks TV ZIVINICE - AERODROM DUBRAVE 24.05.1992 https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=u9ZIs2kwOFI BOROVIC, SELAK, IVANDIČ PREDAVANJE (ZAGREB, TEHNIČKI MUZEJ, 30.11.2012.) https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=WcM4MRISrM0 Articles Grant, Rebbeca, ‘The Carrier Myth’, Air Force Magazine, March 1999, pp.26-31. Hodžič, Šefko,‘Dvanaesta godišnjica rušenja helikoptera na Žepskoj planini, Udes koji je uticao na sudbinu Srebrenice’ (
http://bhstring.net/tuzlauslikama/tuzlarije/viewnewnewsb. php?id=16553 ) Lamothe, Dan, ‘This F-16 fighter jet in Afghanistan might be the Pentagon’s most decorated’, (https://www.washingtonpost. com/news/checkpoint/wp/2015/10/29/this-f- 16-fighter-jet-inafghanistan-might-be-the-pentagons-most-decorated/ ) Owen, Col Robert C, ‘The Balkans Air Campaign Study Part 1’, Airpower Journal, Summer 1997, pp.4-25. Owen, Col Robert C., ‘The Balkans Air Campaign Study Part 2’, Airpower Journal, Fall 1997, pp.6-27. Raguž, Mario, ‘Pobjegli na traktorima, avione ostavili', VP magazin za vojnu povijest, January 2012, pp.64-67. Šajinović, Dejan, ‘Zlatan Crnalić, pilot koji je preživio NATO: Ne ljutim se, oni su imali svoj zadatak, ja svoj' ( http://www. nezavisne.com/zivot-stil/zivot/Zlatan-Crnalic-pilot-koji-jeprezivio-NATO-Ne-ljutim-se-oni-su-imali-svoj-zadatak-ja-svojFOTO/334613 ) Tirpák, John, ‘Deliberate Force’, Air Force Magazine, October 1997, pp.36-43. ‘Transkript Okruglog stola na temu Uloga vojnog sektora u odbrani Tuzle 1992-1995“ Part 2 (Međunarodna galerija portreta, Tuzla, 20.10.2006). Werhas, Mario, Operacija Oluja, akcije Hrvatskog ratnog zrakoplovstva1, VP magazin za vojnu povijest, March 2012, pp.4451. Yost, David S., ‘The NATO Capabilities Gap and the European Union, The International Institutefor Strategic Studies Journal, Vol.42, No.4 Winter 2000-01, pp.97-128. Monographs 1. gardijska brigada hrvatske vojske, Tigorvi (Zagreb, Despot Infinitus, 2015). Aralıca, Tomislav, Robert Čopec, Marko Jeras, Zdenko Kinjerovac Tomislav Haraminčić, Sto godina ratnog zrakoplovstva u
Hrvatskoj (Zagreb, Despot Infinitus, 2012). 81
EUROPE@WAR VOLUME 8 Bahto, Hamid, Sa braniocima Sarajeva i Gorazda (Sarajevo, Vijeće Kongresa Bošnjačkih Intelektualaca, 2008). Beale, Michael, Bombs Over Bosnia, The Role ofAirpower in Bosnia Herzegovina (Maxwell AFB, School of Advanced Airpower Studies Air University, June 1996). Bilt, Karl, Zadatak mir (Beograd, Samizdat B92,1999). Borojević, Danko, Drago Ivic Željko Ubović, Orlovi sa Vrbasa (Ruma, Autorsko izdanje, 2014). Borojević, Danko, Drago Ivić Željko Ubović, Vazduhoplovne snage bivših republika SFRJ (Ruma, Autorsko izdanje, 2016). Borojević, Danko, Drago Ivić Željko Ubović, Vojska Republike Srpske 12. maj 1992 - 31. decembar 2005 (Beorgrad, Autorsko izdanje, 2014). Budaiam, Mark A, Colonel USAF, Responsibility of Command, How UN and NATO Commanders Influenced Airpower over Bosnia (Maxwell AFB, Air University Press, March 2003). Tato, Čelik Täib, Diverzanti (Sarajevo, Šahinpašić, 2004). Central Intelligence Agency, Balkan Battlegrounds, A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990-1995, Volume I (Washington DC., Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Russian and European Analysis, May 2002). Chiffot, Jean Louis, Portes disparus, 104 jours aux mains des Serbs (Paris, Seuil, 1997). Clark, Richard M., Lt. Col USAF, Uninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicles, Cadre Paper No.8 (Maxwell AFB, Air University Press, August 2000). Delič, Dr Rasim, Lice і naličje rata (Sarajevo, Vijeće Kongresa Bošnjačkih Intelektualaca, 2005). Deveta gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske Vukovi (Zagreb, Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, 2012). Dimitrijević,
Bojan Jugoslovensko ratno vazduhoplovstvo 1942-1992 (Beograd, ISI, 2006). Dimitrijević, Bojan Joviča Draganie, Vazdušni rat nad Srbijom 1999. godine (Beograd, ISI, 2010). Dimitrijević, Bojan 8c Milan Micevski,! 17 lovački puk (Beograd Niš, Galaksija, 2015). Dimitrijević, Bojan, Vazdušni rat na Republikom Srpskom i Republikom Srpskom Krajinom (Beograd, Društvo istoričara Srbije, 2017). Druga gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske Gromovi (Zagreb, Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, 2012). Đukić, Borislav, General, Razbijanje Jugoslavije, mesto i uloga hrvatske (Sremska Kamenica, Srpsko kulturno društvo Zora, 2008). Duraković, Kemal, Na Istočnom bedemu Bosne IV, Dnevnički zapis za 1995.godinu iz donjeg Podrinja (Sarajevo, Dobra knjiga, 2009). Felić, Bejdo, brigadir, Peti korpus 1992.-1995 (Sarajevo, Ljiljan, 2002). Franchet, Commandant, Casque bleu pour rien, Ce que j'ai vraiment vu en Bosnie (Paris, J.C. Lattes, 1995). Gawne, Brian G., Dual Key Command and Control in Operation Deny Flight: Paralyzed by Design (Newport, Naval War College, November 1996). Halberstam, David, War in a Time ofPeace: Bush, Clinton and the Generals (London, Bloomsbury, 2001). Hodžič, Šéfko, Vitezovi і Huni (Sarajevo, OKO, 1996). Holbruk, Ričard, Put и Dejton, Od Sarajeva do Dejtona і posle (Beograd, Dangraf, 1998). Holmes, Tony (ed.), Bombcat: The US Navy’s Ultimate Precision Bomber (Air Forces Monthly Magazine special volume, 2015) 82 Izetbegovic, Alija, Sjećanja, autobiografski zapis (Sarajevo, OKO, 2001). Jertz, Walter, Im Dienste des Friedens, 2. aktualisierte
auflage (Bonn, Bernard und Graefe Verlag, 2000). Jovičič, Mile, Dva dana do mira, Dnevnik sa „Aerodroma Sarajevo", april-maj 1992 (Novi Sad, autorsko izdanje, 2004). Kirste, Knut, Final Report: German Contributions to NATO Peacekeeping and Out-ofArea Operations: The Case of the Former Yugoslavia (NATO Individual Research Fellowship, 1996/98). Koljević, Nikola, Stvaranje Republike Srpske, dnevnik 1993-1995 (Beograd, Službeni glasnik, 2008). Kramlinger, George D., Sustained Coercive Air Presence, Provide Comfort, Deny Flight, and the Future ofAirpower in Peace Enforcement (Maxwell AFB, Air University Press, February 2001). Lomović, Boško, Crvena nit Koridora, Brčko u ratu 1992-1993 (Beograd, Svet knjige, 1999). Lutgert, Wim 8c Rolf de Winter Check the Horizon, De Koninklijke Luchtmacht en het conflict in voormalig Joegoslavië 1991-1995 (den Haag, Sectie Luchtmachthistorie, Staf Bevelhebber der Luchtstrijdkrachten, 2001). March, Peter R„ Freedom of the Skies, An illustrated History of Fifty Years of NATO Airpower (London, Cassell, 1999). Marijan, Davor, Graničari, Prilog za ratni put 108. brigade Zbora narodne garde Republike Hrvatske (Slavonski Brod, Hrvatski institute za povijest - Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema I Baranje, 2006). Marijan, Davor, Oluja (Zagreb, Hrvatski Memorijalno Dokumentacijski Centar Domovinskog Rata, 2007). Međović, Jovo, Jahorina 1992-1996 Dnevnik (Beograd, Svet knjige, 2001). Miller, Kurt, Deny Flight and Deliberate Force: an Effective use ofAir Power? (Fort Leavenworth, 1997, thesis). Morillon, Phillipe, Genral, Crire et Oser, Chronique de
Sarajevo (Paris, Bernard Grasset, 1993). NATO protiv Srba, Ritam zločina (Sarajevo - Ilidža, Oslobodjenje, Oktobar 1995). O’Grady, Scott with Michael French, Basher Five-Two, The True Story ofF-16 Fighter Pilot Captain Scott O’Grady (New York, Bantam Doubleday, 1998). O’Shea, Brendan, Crisis at Bihać: Bosnia’s Bloody Battlefield (Stroud, Sutton Publishing, 1998). Owen, Robert C. (ed.), Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, Final Report of the Air University Balkans Air Campaign Study (Maxwell AFB, Air University Press, January 2000). Pandurević, Vinko, Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini і stvaranje Vojske Republike Srpske (Beograd, Igam, 2015). Primorac, Branka, Perešin, život i smrt, O Rudolfu ne samo pilotu. (Čakovec, Zrinski, 2001). Prva gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske Tigrovi (Zagreb, Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, 2012). Prvi hrvatski gardijski zdrug Hrvatske vojske (Zagreb, Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, 2012). Radić, Aleksandar, Orao pogled iz jugoslovenskog ugla (Beograd, Medija centar Odbrana, 2012). Raguž, Jakša, Hrvatsko Poneretvlje u domovinskom ratu (Zagreb, Ogranak Matice hrvatske Metković; Hrvatski institut za povijest Metković, 2004)
OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE: AIR WAR OVER BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 1992-1995 Rajtar, Vladimir, Nebeski ratnici, uspomene hrvatskog pilota (Zagreb, Vlastita naklada, 1995). Ripley, Tim, Air War Bosnia, UN and NATO Airpower (Osceola, Motorbooks Inti, 1996). Rouz, Majki, Misija u Bosni - borba za mir (Beograd, Tetra GM, 2001). Sarajlić, Tarik, Ratni dnevnik Gorazde 1992-1995 (Sarajevo, Smail Sarajlić, 1998). Sekulič, Milisav, Knin je pao u Beogradu (Beograd, Nidda Verlag/ Novosti, 2000). Simič, Novica, Operacija Koridor 92 (Banja Luka, Boračka organizacija Republike Srpske, 2011). Srdanovič, Slobodan, Pale ratne hronika (Beograd, Svet knjige, 1998). Srpska pobuna u Zapadnoj Slavonjii 1990-1995: nositelji, institucije, posljedice, Zbornik radova, ur. Ivica Miškulin i Mladen Barać (Slavonski Brod-Zagreb, Hrvatski institut za povijest, Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje, Zagreb: Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog rata, 2012). Stankovič, Miloš, Krtica od poverenja (Beograd, Knjiga kornere, 2002). Treća gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske Kune (Zagreb, Ministarstvov obrane Republike Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, 2012). Vojska Republike Srpske u odbrambeno-otadžbinskom ratu, aspekti, organizacija, operacije, Zbornik radova 1 (Banja Luka, Republički centar za istraživanje ratnih zločina, Mart 2011). Wiebes, Cees, Intelligence and the War in Bosnia 1992-1995 (Munster, Lit Verlag, 2003). Zovak, Jerko, Rat u bosanskoj Posavini 1992 (Slavonski Brod, Posavska Hrvatska d.o.o., 2009). Notes Chapter 1 1 2 3 4 5 Dimitrijević, Jugoslovensko ratno
vazduhoplovstvo 1942-1992 (Beograd, ISI, 2006). For details of Bihać Air Base, see Dimitrijević et al, Titos Underground Air Base (Warwick, Helion, 2020). Dimitrijević et al, 117 lovački puk; Interview with Colonel Milan Menićanin (CO 200th Air Base), Zemun 2015; General Luka Kastratović (CO 200th Air Defence Light AA Regiment). For details on Bihać Air Base, see Dimitrijević et al, Titos Underground Air Base. Načelnik Generalštaba Oružanih snaga SR Jugoslavije, s/pov.2088-1, 12. May 1992; Jakša Raguž, Hrvatsko Poneretvlje u domovinskom ratu (Zagreb: Ogranak Matice hrvatske Metković; Hrvatski institut za povijest MetkovićZagreb, 2004), p.461. ‘Uništen vojni aerodrome Dubrave kod Tuzle’, Politika (Belgrade, 19 May 1992); ‘Poslednji put iz Tuzle’, Intervju (29 May 1992); ‘Air War over Bosna Herzegovina,’Air Forces Monthly (December 1992), pp.25-31. 17 ‘Transkript Okruglog stola na temu Uloga vojnog sektora u odbrani Tuzle 1992-1995“, Drugi dio (Međunarodna galerija portreta, Tuzla, 20.10.2006). 18 Dimitrijević et al, 117 lovački puk; Dimitrijević et al, Tito’s Underground Air Base. 19 Bejdo Felié, brigadir, Peti korpus 1992.-1995 (Sarajevo, Ljiljan, 2002), pp.19-23; Señad Palic, written statement, 11 April 2005. 20 Josip Hrgovic, written statement; Vladimir Rajtar, Nebeski ratnici, uspomene hrvatskog pilota (Zagreb, Vlastita naklada, 1995), pp.217-233; Aralıca et al, Sto Godina, pp.366. 21 Señad Palic, written statement; Rajtar, Nebeski ratnici, uspomene hrvatskog pilota, pp.217-233. 22 Borojević et al, Vazduhoplovne Snage, pp.182-183; ‘Transkript Okruglog stola na temu Uloga
vojnog sektora u odbrani Tuzle 1992-1995'. 23 ‘Transkript Okruglog Stola na temu Uloga vojnog sektora u odbrani Tuzle 1992-1995.’ ‘Air War over Bosna Herzegovina’, Air Forces Monthly (December 1992), pp.25-31; Mark Nixon, ‘Forged in War-Dedicated to Peace’, Air Forces Monthly (January 2003), pp.52-57. 24 Rajtar, Nebeski ratnici, uspomene hrvatskog pilota, p.234. 6 ‘Na teritoriji BiH nema više jedinica RV і PVO’, Politika (19 May 1992). 7 Zapisnik sa 16. sjednice Skupštine srpskog naroda u Bosni i Hercegovini, održane 12. Maja 1992. u Banja Luci, pp.31-41. 26 Josip Hrgovic, written statement, 7 May 2008; Rajtar, Nebeski ratnici, uspomene hrvatskog pilota, pp.217-233; Aralıca et al, Sto Godina, рр.365366. 8 Interview with General Živomir Ninković (Commander V i PVO) 2 and 16 February 2016, Belgrade; Interview with General Božo Novak (Chief of Staff V і PVO) 2-3 February and 2 March 2016, Belgrade. 9 Vojska Republike Srpske u odbrambeno - otadžbinskom ratu, aspekti, organizacija, operacije, Zbornik radova 1 (Republički centar za istraživanje ratnih zločina, Banja Luka, Mart 2011). p.35. 25 Aralıca, Sto godina,. р.362. 27 Borojević et al, Vazduhoplovne Snage, pp.221-225; Aralıca et al, Sto Godina, pp.366. 28 Aralıca et al, Sto Godina, pp.366-367; Borojević et al, Vazduhoplovne Snage, pp.227-237. 29 Aralıca et al, Sto Godina, pp.368. 30 Borojević et al, Vazduhoplovne Snage, p.187. 10 Savezni sekretarijat za narodnu odbranu, s/pov 2284-1, 30 August 1991; ‘Ponovo krila nad Zalužanima’, Narodna armija (Belgrade 14 August 1991), p.4; ‘Novi vojni aerodrom RV i PVO kod Banja Luke’,
Politika (13 August 1991), p.8. 31 Glavni Štab VRS, Sektor za ОВР, ‘Dnevne obaveštajne informacije,’ July 1995. 11 Savezni sekretarijat za narodnu odbrana, s/pov, 2944-1,30. Oktobar 1991 ; ‘Nova krila krajine’, Narodna armija (23 October 1991), p.5. 33 Borojević, Drago Željko, Orlovi sa Vrbasa (Ruma, Autorsko izdanje, 2014), p.124. 12 Savezni sekretarijat za narodnu odbrana, s/pov, 2944-1,30. Oktobar 1991. 34 Komanda V i PVO, Iz smrti u besmrt (Banja Luka, Komanda V i PVO, 1996). 13 ‘Ratni put Komande i jedinica 5. p VOJIN’, 5. puk VOJIN, s/pov. 01/98֊ 4, 19. February 1992, pp.26-27; Dimitrijević, Jugoslovensko ratno vazduhoplovstvo 1942-1992. 14 Komanda 155.rp PVO, str.pov. br 03/26-39,12.06 1992. 15 Komanda V I PVO, “Pregled stanja popune mirnodopskih i mobilisanih jedinica sa stanjem na dan_ 1992.”; Vinko Pandurević, Rat u Bosni i Hercegovini i stvaranje Vojske Republike Srpske (Beograd, Igam, 2015), pp.140 and 164; Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat (Beograd, Društvo istoričara Srbije, 2017), pp.61-65. 16 Komanda VI PVO, sp br. 02/152-25,29.10.1992. 32 Operation Sharp Guard https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_ Sharp_Guarđ . 35 Aralıca et al, Sto Godina, рр.365. 36 Komanda V i PVO, Iz smrti u besmrt. 37 Simić, Operacija Koridor 92 (Banja Luka, Boračka organizacija Republike Srpske, 2011). 38 Komanda VI PVO, ‘Pregled realizacije vazduhoplovne podrške,’ (courtesy of General Novak); Analiza borbene gotovosti i aktivnosti VRS u 1992. godini; Simić, Operacija Koridor 92. 39 Interview with Colonel Janko Kecman (Deputy CO of the 56th Helicopter Squadron), 11 April 2016, Banja
Luka. 83
EUROPE@WAR VOLUME 8 40 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, pp.70-75. 41 ‘Diskusija načelnika Uprave V I PVO puk Radoslava Panzdica na analizi b/g za 1996. godinu’ (courtesy of General Milan Torbica). 42 InterviewwithColonelMiljanVlačić(CO,28thSquadron),BanjaLuka, 11 April 2016; Interview with Lt. Colonel Zlatko Mikerević (27th Squadron), 8 May 2016, Zemun. 43 International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Court Records, General Ratko Mladić notebook No. 40, p.40. 44 Resolution UN SC 781 at: http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/781; Commandant Franchet, Casque bleu pour rien, Ce que j’ai vraiment vu en Bosnie (Paris, J.C. Lattes, 1995), p.113. 45 Interviews with General Ninković and General Novak. 46 According to the documents, shown to author by General B. Novak. 47 ‘An-2 i Utva-75 dejstvuju po neprijatelju https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=X6iXh09p_7M8rt=8s 48 Glavni štab VRS, Banja Luka, 08.12. 1992. g, Pismo generala Mladića komandantu snaga UNPROFOR generalu Satiš Nambijaru. 49 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower (Osceola, Motorbooks International, 1996), p.39; more details on: https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Operation_Sky_Monitor Chapter 2 1 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.9; Morillon, Croireet Oser, Chronique de Sarajevo (Paris, Bernard Grasset, 1993), pp.93-94. 2 The fact that the Croats opened fire upon the aircraft was quickly omitted from related press releases in the West, because it did not fit into the estabhshed public impression in which the Serbs were the ‘sole villains’ in this war. 3 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.
18. 4 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.28. 5 Komanda V і PVO VRS, str.pov br. 02/2-6, 07.03 1993. 6 Budaiam, Responsibility of Command, How UN and NATO Commanders Influenced Airpower over Bosnia (Air University Press, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, March 2003), p.173; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.28. 7 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.28. 8 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.39. 9 O’Shea, Crisis at Bihać Bosnia s Bloody Battlefield (Stroud, Sutton Publishing, 1998), pp.157-159; Wiebes, Intelligence and the War in Bosnia 1992-1995 (Munster, Lit Verlag, 2003). 10 Resolution UN SC 816 at http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/816 11 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, pp.39-47. 12 Budaiam, Responsibility of Command, pp.81, 94-99. 24 Komanda Vi PVO VRS, str.pov br. 02/152-37,29.12.1992; Interview with General Milan Torbica (Head of the Air Defence Department V I PVO HQs), 13 March, Zemun /10 April, Banja Luka 2016. 25 Interview with General Torbica. 26 GS VRS, str.pov 25-17, 17.02 1994; GS VRS, str.pov 11/30-32 11.03.1994; Komanda V і PVO VRS, str.pov br.05/21-13, 24.02 1994; Komanda V і PVO VRS, str.pov br.05/21-14, 15.03 1994; Komanda V i PVO VRS, տէր. povbr.05/121-26,18.04 1994. 27 Interview with General Novak. 28 R. Bošković, Nebo na dlanu, p.485; see Dimitrijević et al, Titos Underground Air Base. The most important of the five major radar stations operated by the V і PVO was the 1st Radar Company at Mount Plješevica, which proved capable of monitoring NATO operations not only over Croatia and Hungary, but
also all the way out over the Adriatic Sea and was feeding its radar picture to the HQ of the Serbian forces in Croatia. Unsurprisingly, all such stations were heavily fortified and well-protected - not a minute too late: the Jahorina station was attacked by Armija BiH twice (on 18 December 1992 and 3 July 1993), while the Nevesinje station came under attack in November 1994. In all cases, their garrisons were able to repel the assailants. 29 Komanda Vi PVO, sp.br. 02/152-25,29.10.1992; Komanda V і PVO VRS, տէր. povbr. 05/26-11,16.06.1994; Boskovic, Nebo na dlanu, Vek vazdušnog osmatranja javljanja i navodjenja (Beograd, autorsko izdanje, 2017), pp.484-486; Interview with Colonel Pětko Rašević (Deputy CO 51st Air Surveillance Battalion), Novi Beograd, 5 May 2016. 30 Bošković, Nebo na dlanu, p.494. 31 Interview with Colonel Gostimir Popovié (Head of Intel Department VI PVO HQs) Banja Luka, 11 April 2016. 32 ICTY, General Ratko Mladić notebook No. 36, pp.334-344 and 381-385. 33 Republika Hrvatska i domovinski rat 1990-1995, Dokumenti vojne provenijencije Republike srpske Krajine, volume 7, siječanj-lipanj 1993 (Hrvatski Memorijalno Dokumentacijski Centar Domovinskog Rata, Zagreb 2009) and interview with Colonel Kecman. 34 Interview with Colonel Dopudja. 35 Deveta gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske Vukovi (Ministarstvo ohrane Republike Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, Zagreb 2012). 36 Komanda V I PVO, VRS, str. pov. br. 02/2-26, 28.10.1993 and interviews with several veterans of the 2nd Battalion Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry. 37 Hrvatski memorijalno
dokumentacijski centar domovinskog rata Zagreb (HMDCDR): RV I PVO SVK: GS SVK, Organ RV I PVO, pov. Br 41-239, 23.03.94. 38 Interview with General Duško Žarković (CO of the 2nd SP AD Battery SVK), Zemun, 4 February 2016. 39 HMDCDR: RV I PVO SVK: GS SVK, Organ RV I PVO, pov. Br 41-239, 23.03.94. 13 Owen (ed.), Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, Final Report of the Air University Balkans Air Campaign Study, (Air University Press, Maxwell AFB, January 2000). pp.48-52. 40 Komanda V I PVO, VRS, տէր. pov. br. 02/2-26, 28.10.1993; ICTY, General Ratko Mladić notebook No. 36, pp.334-344, 381-385. 14 Srpska vojska, br. 6 (26 March 1993), pp.10-11. 41 Borojević et al, Orlovi sa Vrbasa. p.l47. 15 ICTY, General Ratko Mladić notebook No. 36, p.33; Komanda V I PVO, „Letovi aviona NATO iznad grada Banja Luke na visinama ispod 2000m“ (courtesy of General Novak). 42 The following reconstruction is based on interviews with four of the pilots involved, the former commander of the V і PVO, and his contemporary Chief-of-Staff. While some of their recollections differ, the gist of the story is the same. 16 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.65; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.48. 17 Alport, ‘Bosnia’s on-going air war’, Air Forces Monthly, June 1994, pp.2226. 43 Interviews with Colonel Miljan Vlačić, Lt. Colonel Uros Studen 17 February 2016, Zemun, Lt. Colonel Zlatko Mikerević (pilots who took part in this mission), General Ninković and Novak. 18 Lutgert 8r de Winter Check the Horizon, De Koninklijke Luchtmacht en het conflict
in voormalig Joegoslavië 1991-1995 (den Haag, Sectie Luchtmachthistorie, Staf Bevelhebber der Luchtstrijdkrachten, 2001). 44 ITALY/AVIANO - NATO JETS FLY SORTIES https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=_I3Lko0ems88rt=15s ; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.72. 19 Alport, ‘Bosnia’s on-going air war’, pp.22-26. 45 Dejan Šajinović, ‘ZlatanCrnalić, pilot koji je preživio NATO: Ne ljutim se, oni su imali svoj zadatak, ja svoj’ http://www.nezavisne.com/zivot-stil/ zivot/Zlatan-Crnalic-pilot-koji-je-prezivio-NATO-Ne-ljutim-se-oni-suimali-svoj-zadatak-ja-svoj-FOTO/334613) 20 Alport Thouanel, ‘Operations Crecerelle and Balbuzard’, Air Forces Monthly, July 1994, pp.29-31. 21 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, pp.46-47. 22 Komanda V i PVO, Iz smrti u besmrt. 23 Komanda 155.rp PVO, str.pov. br 03/26-39,12.06.1992. 84 46 Nova krila (28 June 1994). pp.8-11. 47 Resolution UN SC 836 at http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/836
OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE: AIR WAR OVER BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 1992-1995 2 HMDCDR: RV i PVO SVK: GS SVK, Organ RV i PVO, pov. Br 5/1-52, 13.03.95. 3 HMDCDR: RV і PVO SVK: GS SVK, Organ RV і PVO, pov. Br 5/1-52, 13.03.95. 50 Ripley, Air 'War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.70; Rouz, Misija и Bosni, pp.137-138. 4 Armija OS R BiH Komanda Vazduhoplovne grupe Bihac, str.pov. broj 01/280/1,29.05 1995; Interview with General Žarković, 51 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp.140-141; Alport, ‘Bosnia’s on-going air war’, pp.22-26. 5 Srpska pobuna u Zapadnoj Slavonjii 1990-1995: nositelji, institucije, posljedice, Zbornik radova, ur. Ivica Miškulin i Mladen Barać (Hrvatski institut za povijest, Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje; Hrvatski memorijalno-dokumentacijski centar Domovinskog rata, Slavonski Brod-Zagreb 2012). 6 HMDCDR: RVIPVOSVK: Komanda 728. mhe, pov br. 56145-7, 04. 05.1995. 7 Aralıca et al, Sio Godina, p.371-372; Borojević et al, Orlovi sa Vrbasa. pp. 156-160. 8 Primorac, Peresin, život i smrt, O Rudolfu ne samo pilotu. (Čakovec, Zrinski, 2001); Borojević et al, Orlovi sa Vrbasa, p. 160 9 HMDCDR: RVIPVOSVK: Komanda 105.vbr,str. pov. Br 01/11-14, 26.04.1995 and տէր. pov. Br 01/11-23, 02.06.1995; Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat,pp.249-254. 48 Koljević, Stvaranje Republike Srpske, dnevnik 1993-1995, vol 1 (Beograd, Službeni glasnik, 2008). p.428, Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp.122-123. 49 Rouz, Misija u Bosni - borba za mir (Beograd, Tetra GM, 2001). р.137. 52 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, p.187-188. 53 Alport Thouanel, Operations Crecerelle and Balbuzard’,
pp.29-31; Alport, ‘Bosnia’s on-going air war’, pp.22-26. 54 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, p. 147; Alport, ‘Bosnia’s on-going air war’, pp.22-26. 55 Alport, ‘Bosnia’s on-going air war’, pp.22-26. 56 Tarik Sarajlić, Ratni dnevnik Gorazde 1992-1995 (Sarajevo, Smail Sarajlić, 1998). p.305. 57 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp. 147-148; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.70. 58 Alport Thouanel, Operations Crecerelle and Balbuzard’, pp.29-31. 59 108 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp.147-148. 60 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, p.206; Stankovič, Krtica od poverenja (Beograd, Knjiga kornere, 2002), p.370-371, Bucknam, Responsiblity of Command, pp.l62 and 165. 10 HMDCDR: RV I PVO SVK: GS SVK, Organ RV I PVO, pov. Br 5/1-98, 12.06.1995. Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, pp.249-254. 11 Komanda VI PVO VRS, str.pov. 02/2-16,13/06 1995. 61 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp.206-207. 12 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.82. 62 Bucknam, Responsiblity of Command, p.l֊63. 13 Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, p.207. 63 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp.224-225; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.70; Koljević, Stvaranje Republike Srpske, vol 1 р.667; Stankovič, Krtica od poverenja, pp.370-377; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp.165-167. 14 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.82. 64 Interviews with General Novak, and Colonel Ranko Dašić (CO of the 44th Air Defence Missile Brigade SVK), Belgrade, 5 February 2016. 65 Felié, Peti korpus 1992.-1995, pp.309 ֊ 343; HMDCDR: VRS: К-da Drugog krajiškog korpusa, str. pov. br. 13-454,14. novembar 1994. 66 Felié, Peti korpus 1992.-1995, pp.306,360,372-375;
Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, pp.192-193. 67 Komanda V i PVO VRS, str.pov. br. 02/2-19, 18.11.1994; Balkan Battlegrounds, A Military History of the Yugoslav Conflict, 1990-1995, volume I (Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Russian and European Analysis Washington D.C., May 2002). p.249; Felié, Peti korpus 1992.1995, pp.377-378. 68 O’Shea, Crisis at Bihać: Bosnia’s Bloody Battlefield, p. 107. 69 Resolution UN SC 958 at http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/958 70 Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp. 176-177; Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp.252-253. 71 Interview with Colonel Dopudja. 72 Lutgert 8c de Winter, Check the Horizon, p.316; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.70. 73 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, pp.195-198 and Lutgert 8c de Winter, Check the Horizon, pp.313-315. 74 Interviews with General Torbica and General Novak. 75 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, p.255; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower pp.70-71, Stankovič, Krtica od poverenja, p.421; Komanda V I PVO, ‘Postupci avijacije NATO pre napada (21.11.1994)’ courtesy of General Novak. 15 Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, p.216. 16 Komanda VI PVO, ‘Šematski prikaz obaranja američkog aviona F-16, 02 .06 1995.godine u 15.02 časova’ (courtesy of General Novak). 17 O’Grady with French, Basher Five- Two: The True Story ofF-16 Fighter Pilot Captain Scott O’Grady (Bantam Doubleday, New York, 1998). 18 ITALY: US PILOT RESCUED IN BOSNIA WELCOMED AT AVIANO AIRBASE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a5vxdToj7WM8cfeature=youtu.be 19 Establishment of a Rapid-Reaction Force within the UN Protection Force,
http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/998 ; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.82. 20 Republika Hrvatska i domovinski rat 1990-1995, Dokumenti vojne provenijencije Republike srpske Krajine: volume 17, svibanj-listopad 1995 (Hrvatski Memorijalno Dokumentacijski Centar Domovinskog Rata, Zagreb, 2015). 21 Raguž, ‘Pobjegli na traktorima, avione ostavili’, VP magazin za vojnu povijest, January 2012, pp.64-67. 22 Interview with Colonel Vlačić. 23 Treća gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske Kune (Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, Zagreb 2012); 24 GŠVRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov br. 12/45-1024,07.08.1995, ‘obaveštajna informacija’. 25 Interviews with Colonel Dašić and General Žarković. 26 Werhas, Operacija Oluja, akcije Hrvatskog ratnog zrakoplovstva, VP magazin za vojnu povijest, March 2012, pp.44-51; Marijan, Oluja (Hrvatski Memorijalno Dokumentacijski Centar Domovinskog Rata, Zagreb 2007). 27 Señad Palic, written statement. 76 O’Shea, Crisis at Bihać: Bosnia’s Bloody Battlefield, pp.111-112. 28 O’Shea, Crisis at Bihać: Bosnia's Bloody Battlefield, p.156. 77 Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp.183-184; ‘Sema borbenog dejstva 1. ssrb PVO 26.11.1994’ courtesy of General Novak. 29 Señad Palic, written statement. 78 Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp.252-253, Bucknam, Responsiblity of Command, pp.184-189. 79 Bucknam, Responsiblity of Command, p. 115; Rouz, Misija u Bosni, pp.252253, Stankovič, Krtica od poverenja, p.370. Chapter З 1 Komanda V i PVO VRS, str.pov. br. 02/2-20, 30.11.1994. 30 GŠ VRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov br. 12/45-1126,
24.08.1995; Bahto Hamid, Sa braniocima Sarajeva і Gorazda (Vijeće Kongresa Bošnjačkih Intelektualaca, Sarajevo, 2008) 31 ‘Transkript Okruglog stola na temu Uloga vojnog sektora u odbrani Tuzle 1992-1995“, Drugi dio (Međunarodna galerija portreta, Tuzla, 20.10.2006); Komanda V I PVO, ‘Sema desjtva larv PVO pri uništenju neprijateljskog helikoptera u rejonu s. Mrkalji, 09.05.1995 godine u 02.30 časova’ (courtesy of General Novak); Seiko Hodžić, ‘Dvanaesta godišnjica rušenja helikoptera na Žepskoj planini, Udes koji je uticao na sudbinu 85
EUROPE@WAR VOLUME 8 Srebrenice, http://bhstring.net/tuzlauslikama/tuzlarije/viewnewnewsb. php?id=16553 32 ‘Transkript Okruglog stola na temu Uloga vojnog sektora u odbrani Tuzle 1992-1995', Drugi dio (Međunarodna galerija portreta, Tuzla, 20.10.2006); Interview: ‘Salko Begič, Sarajevo, Rujan 2005, Razgovor i snimka čuvaju se u Središnjem vojnom arhivu MORH-a.” Chapter 4 33 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ p.4. 34 Međović Jovo, Jahorina 1992-1996 Dnevnik (Svet knjige, 2001), рр.146147. 35 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ pp.4-5, 8. 36 Interview with General Torbica; Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat,pp.286-287. 37 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ pp.4-5; Š. Hodžič, Vitezovi i Fluni (Sarajevo, OKO, 1996), pp.218-219. 38 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ p.8; NATO protiv Srba, Ritam zločina (Sarajevo ֊ Ilidža, Oslobodjenje, October 1995). 1 Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp.59 and 66. 2 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.470. 39 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.137. 3 Resolution UN SC at 836 http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/836 4 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.95-100 and 470; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp.81-87. 40 GŠ VRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov. Brl2/45-1143, 30. 08.1995, ‘Obaveštajna informacija’. 5 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.107-108, 280-295. 41 Interview with General Novak, Interview with General Torbica. 42 Interview with General Novak; Interview with Colonel Popovič. 43 Bošković, Nebo na dlanu, pp.499-502. 6 Holbruk, Put и Dejton, Od
Sarajeva do Dejtona i posle (Beograd, Dangraf, 1998), pp.70-71. 7 Lutgert de Winter, Check the Horizon; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, p.248. 8 GŠ VRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov br. 12/45-882,16.07.1995, bbaveštajna informacija and 12/45-900,20.07.1995 obaveštajna informacija. 47 Komanda 250. raketne brigade PVO VJ, pisana izjava (written statement): ‘Studen Aleksandar, vodnik, komanda 250.rbr PVO, 13. septembar 1996.’ 9 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.477-478; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp.251-255. 48 Komanda 250. raketne brigade PVO VJ, pisana izjava (written statement): ‘Studen Aleksandar, vodnik, komanda 250.rbr PVO, 13. septembar 1996.’ 10 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.101; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, p.204. 44 Boskovic, Nebo na dlanu, pp.499-502. 45 Interview with Colonel Rasevic. 46 Bošković, Nebo na dlanu, pp.499-502. 49 Written statement: Studen Aleksandar. 13 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.107. 50 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.92; Chiffot, Portes disparus, 104 jours aux mains des Serbs, (Paris, Seuil, 1997), pp.31-36,133; Petar Ćosović: Kako sam spasio francuske pilote (1995) https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=rmyyiL75iuQ t=59s ; 10. diverzantski odred VRS i francuski piloti https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=eLxlN4_ GAwE 14 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.57. 51 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.137-138. 11 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.
135. 12 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.98; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, p.204. 15 Owen, ‘The Balkans Air Campaign Study, Part 1’, Airpower Journal, Summer 1997, pp.4-25; Owen, ‘The Balkans Air Campaign Study Part 2’, Airpower Journal, Fall 1997, pp.6-27; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, p.262. 16 Holbruk, Put и Dejton, pp.95-97. 17 Walter, Im Dienste des Friedens, 2. aktualisierte auflage (Bonn, Bernard und Graefe Verlag, 2000). 18 GŠ VRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov br. 12/45-922, 24.07.1995 bbaveštajna informacija’ and strogo pov br. 12/45-954, 27.07.1995. 19 GŠ VRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov br. 12/45-922, 24.07.1995 ‘obaveštajna informacija’ and strogo pov br. 12/45-954, 27.07.1995. 20 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, p.279. 21 GŠVRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov br. 12/45-1057, 14 August 1995 ‘Obaveštajna informacija’. 22 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.52-54,134, 202. 23 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.201. 24 Interview with Lt Colonel Sasa Ratković (member of 2/51st Air Surveillance Battalion VRS) Belgrade, 4 August 2016. 25 Nova krila 27-28, novembar 1995, special edition: ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ pp.7-8. 26 Holbruk, Put и Dejton, р.96. 27 Owen, ‘The Balkans Air Campaign Study, Part 1’, pp.4-25; Owen, ‘The Balkans Air Campaign Study, Part 2’, pp.6-27; Bucknam, Responsiblity of Command, pp.276-277; Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.483. 52 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.148-149. 53 ICTY, General Ratko
Mladić notebook No. 32, pp. 156-159; Chiffot, Portes disparus, 104 jours aux mains des Serbs, pp.321-328; RatkoMladić razmijena pilota, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKJGLAJiQWY . 54 ‘Došije: NATOletoviuzločin,’ pp.9-10. 55 Written statement: Studen Aleksandar. 56 Međović, Jahorina 1992-1996 Dnevnik, p.147; ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ p.ll. 57 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.144-145. (ret) Hal Hornburg Talks About Operation 58 General Deliberate Force at USAFA https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=F2NR5mLwoJU8tfeature=youtu.be 59 ICTY, General Ratko Mladić Notebook 32, pp.7-11. 60 Balkan Battlegrounds, p.378. 61 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.147 62 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ p.12; KemalDuraković, Na Istočnom bedemu Bosne IV, Dnevnički zapis za 1995. godinu iz donjeg Podrinja (Dobra knjiga, Sarajevo, 2009). p.206. 63 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.150-151. 64 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin’, pp.13-14; Međović, Jahorina 1992-1996 Dnevnik, p.149. 65 ICTY, General Ratko Mladić notebook 32, pp.20-21; Međović, Jahorina 1992-1996 Dnevnik, p. 149. 66 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp. 156-157. 67 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin’, pp.14-15. 28 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.137; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p. 111. 69 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin, pp.14-15. 29 GŠ VRS, Sektor za OBP, strogo pov. Brl2/45-1143, “Obaveštajna informacija”, 29. avgust 1995. 70 Interview with Lt Colonel Ratković; Dimitrijević,
Vazdušni Rat, pp.291292. 30 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.483-484. 71 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, p.292. 31 Interview with Lt. Colonel Ratković. 72 Holmes, ‘Blooded over Bosnia, Bombcat: the US Navy’s Ultimate Precision 32 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.136,162. 68 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.152. Bomber.
OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE: AIR WAR OVER BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, 1992-1995 73 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, pp.130-136. 74 Bilt, Zadatak mir, ρ.165. Chapter 5 1 75 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.151-152; Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, pp.297 and 310. 76 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.152; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.92. 2 ‘The Force in Aviano, Air Forces Monthly December 1996, pp.27-33. 3 Saunders, ‘The Stars Look Down, United States Air Force, Yearbook (1999), pp.44-46. 77 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp. 155-156. 78 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin,’ p. 16; Duraković, Na Istočnom bedemu Bosne IV, p.211. 4 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p. 105. 5 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.105; As an illustration of missions conducted, the 31st FW at Aviano logged 2,316 sorties in 1994-1995, plus 2065 sorties conducted while the two squadrons were part of the 86th FW in Ramstein from September 1993 to May 1994. 6 Kitfield, ‘Tuzla is tough duty’ (Air Forces Monthly December 1996), pp.6063; Ripley, ‘Tuzla Air Base’, United States Air Force, Yearbook (1999), pp.3940. 79 Interview with General Torbica. 80 Bošković, Nebo na dlanu, p.502. Editorial note: the “metric waves” referred to are UHF frequencies of l-10m wave!ength. Some sources claim these to be less vulnerable to detection and attack by anti-radiation missiles than other wavelengths. 81 Bilt, Zadatak mir, pp.165-166. 82 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air
Campaigning, p.154; ‘Došije: NATO letovi uz ločin, p.l8. 83 ‘Došije: NATO letovi u zločin’, p.l9; Međović, Jahorina 1992-1996 Dnevnik, p. 150. Koljević, Stvaranje Republike Srpske, vol. 2, pp.353, 372-389, 401-404; Izetbegovic, Sjećanja, autobiografski zapis, pp.259-295; Holbruk, Put u Dejton, pp.239-324. 7 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.283-284. 8 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.336. 9 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.207-239, 247. 84 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.157. 10 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.247. 85 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.124, 154; Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.92. 11 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.258-265. 86 Holbruk, Put и Dejton, pp.155-156; ICTY, General Ratko Mladić notebook 32, pp.31-34. 87 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.155, 157; NATO protiv Srba, Ritam zločina, pp.163-164. 88 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.92; Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.115,158. 89 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.93; AFSOUTH Fact Sheet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Dcny_Flight 90 Konferencija za štampu Komandanta Glavnog štaba VRS, 26. septembar 1996; Nova krila 27-28, novembar 1995, došije: ‘Nato letovi u zločini p.22. 91 O’Shea, Crisis at Bihać: Bosnia’s Bloody Battlefield, pp.235-236; Prva gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske
Tigrovi (Zagreb, Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, 2012); Prvi hrvatski gardijski zdrug Hrvatske vojske (Zagreb, Ministarstvo obrane Republike Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, 2012); Febć, Peti korpus 1992.-1995, pp.528-573. 92 Arabca et al, Sto Godina, pp.373-374. 93 DOKUMENTARNI FILM OPERACIJA SANA 95: NEDOVRŠENA POBJEDA, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RohHZQC62u4 12 Ripley, Air War Bosnia: UN and NATO Airpower, p.lll. 13 ‘Blooded over Bosnia’, F-14 Bombcat, Air Forces Monthly publication, pp.14-18 14 Strickland, ‘The Early Evolution of the Predator Drone’, Studies in Intelligence Voi. 57, No. 1 (Extracts, March 2013) 15 U.S. Predator Operations - Update, Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/ p010337.pdf ; Operation Nomad Vigil https://www.globalsecurity.org/ military/ops/nomad_vigil.htm 16 Komanda 250. raketne brigade PVO VJ, pisana izjava (written statement):‘Aleksie, kapetan prve klase, komanda 250.rbr PVO, Septembar 1996.’ 17 Interview with Lt. Colonel Ratković. 18 ‘Diskusija načelnika Uprave V i PVO puk. Radoslava Pandzica na anabzi b/g za 1996. godinu’ courtesy by General Torbica. 19 Borojević et al, Orlovi sa Vrbasa, p.l81. 20 ‘Diskusija načelnika Uprave V i PVO puk. Radoslava Pandzica na anabzi b/g za 1996. godinu’ courtesy by General Torbica. 21 Komanda V і PVO, str.pov br 03/4-95/1, 27.09 1995. 22 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p. 199. 94 Druga gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske Gromovi (Zagreb, Ministarstvo obrane
Repubbke Hrvatske, Glavni stožer Oružanih snaga RH, 2012), p.356-360. 23 Balkan Battlegrounds, pp.393-395. 95 Druga gardijska brigada Hrvatske vojske Gromovi, p.356-360; Interview with General Novak. 25 Interview with Colonel Popovié. 96 Interview with Brigdair Dragan Nakić, Beograd/Banja Luka, 2016. 97 Interview with pilot ‘M’; VHS footage of this mission, courtesy by Dean Čanić, Zagreb. 98 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, pp.332-333; Felié, Peti korpus 1992.-1995, pp.572-584. 24 Interview with General Novak. 26 Bilt, Zadatak mir (Beograd, Samizdat B92,1999), p.166. 27 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, p.507. 28 Author’s interview with Richard Holbrooke, 3 October 2003, Belgrade. 29 Deliberate Force, A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning, pp.164-165. 30 Bucknam, Responsibility of Command, p.302. 99 Felié, Peti korpus 1992-1995, pp.572-584. 100 Interview with Brigadier Zoran Dunović, Banja Luka 9 April 2016; Felié, Peti korpus 1992.-1995, pp.581-582; Borojević et al, Orlovi sa Vrbasa, pp.176-180. 101 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, р.332. 102 Izetbegovic, Sjećanja, autobiografski zapis (Sarajevo, OKO, 2001). p.254. 103 Dimitrijević, Vazdušni Rat, pp.332-333; Felié, Peti korpus 1992.-1995, pp.587-627. 104 Interview with Colonel Kecman. 105 Interview with Colonel Kecman. 106 Felié, Peti korpus 1992-1995. p.584 107 Interview with General Novak. 87 |
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| id | DE-604.BV047328940 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T17:31:58Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T05:44:47Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781913336301 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032731514 |
| oclc_num | 1263282612 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 88 Seiten, viii Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Portraits (teilweise farbig) |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210816 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Helion & Company |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Europe@war |
| series2 | Europe@war |
| spelling | Dimitrijević, Bojan B. 1968- Verfasser (DE-588)171539257 aut Operation Deliberate Force air war over Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992-1995 Bojan Dimitrijević Warwick Helion & Company 2021 88 Seiten, viii Seiten Tafeln Illustrationen, Karten, Portraits (teilweise farbig) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europe@war No. 8 NATO (DE-588)377-3 gnd rswk-swf Bosnienkrieg (DE-588)4345999-7 gnd rswk-swf Luftkrieg (DE-588)4036571-2 gnd rswk-swf North Atlantic Treaty Organization Yugoslav War, 1991-1995 / Participation, Foreign Yugoslav War, 1991-1995 / Campaigns / Bosnia and Herzegovina Humanitarian intervention / Bosnia and Herzegovina Humanitarian intervention Military campaigns Military participation / Foreign Bosnia and Herzegovina 1991-1995 NATO (DE-588)377-3 b Bosnienkrieg (DE-588)4345999-7 s Luftkrieg (DE-588)4036571-2 s DE-604 Europe@war No. 8 (DE-604)BV046733782 8 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032731514&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032731514&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Dimitrijević, Bojan B. 1968- Operation Deliberate Force air war over Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992-1995 Europe@war NATO (DE-588)377-3 gnd Bosnienkrieg (DE-588)4345999-7 gnd Luftkrieg (DE-588)4036571-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)377-3 (DE-588)4345999-7 (DE-588)4036571-2 |
| title | Operation Deliberate Force air war over Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992-1995 |
| title_auth | Operation Deliberate Force air war over Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992-1995 |
| title_exact_search | Operation Deliberate Force air war over Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992-1995 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Operation Deliberate Force air war over Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992-1995 |
| title_full | Operation Deliberate Force air war over Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992-1995 Bojan Dimitrijević |
| title_fullStr | Operation Deliberate Force air war over Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992-1995 Bojan Dimitrijević |
| title_full_unstemmed | Operation Deliberate Force air war over Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992-1995 Bojan Dimitrijević |
| title_short | Operation Deliberate Force |
| title_sort | operation deliberate force air war over bosnia and herzegovina 1992 1995 |
| title_sub | air war over Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1992-1995 |
| topic | NATO (DE-588)377-3 gnd Bosnienkrieg (DE-588)4345999-7 gnd Luftkrieg (DE-588)4036571-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | NATO Bosnienkrieg Luftkrieg |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032731514&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032731514&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV046733782 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dimitrijevicbojanb operationdeliberateforceairwaroverbosniaandherzegovina19921995 |