Metaphysical emergence:
Both the special sciences and ordinary experience suggest that there are metaphysically emergent entities and features: macroscopic goings-on (including mountains, trees, humans, and sculptures, and their characteristic features) which depend on, yet are distinct from and distinctively efficacious w...
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Oxford
Oxford University Press
2021
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| Ausgabe: | First edition |
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Zusammenfassung: | Both the special sciences and ordinary experience suggest that there are metaphysically emergent entities and features: macroscopic goings-on (including mountains, trees, humans, and sculptures, and their characteristic features) which depend on, yet are distinct from and distinctively efficacious with respect to, lower-level physical configurations and features. These appearances give rise to two key questions. First, what is metaphysical emergence, more precisely?0Second, is there any metaphysical emergence, in principle and moreover in fact? Metaphysical Emergence provides clear and systematic answers to these questions. Wilson argues that there are two, and only two, forms of metaphysical emergence of the sort seemingly at issue in the target cases: 'Weak' emergence, whereby a dependent feature has a proper subset of the powers of the feature upon it depends, and 'Strong' emergence, whereby a dependent feature has a power not had by the feature upon which it depends. Weak emergence unifies and illuminates seemingly diverse accounts of non-reductive physicalism; Strong emergence does the same as regards seemingly diverse anti-physicalist views positing fundamental novelty at higher levels of compositional complexity. After defending the in-principle viability of each form of emergence, Wilson considers whether complex systems, ordinary objects, consciousness, and free will are actually metaphysically emergent. She argues that Weak emergence is quite common, and that there is Strong emergence in the important case of free will. |
| Beschreibung: | xiii, 320 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780198823742 |
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| 520 | 3 | |a Both the special sciences and ordinary experience suggest that there are metaphysically emergent entities and features: macroscopic goings-on (including mountains, trees, humans, and sculptures, and their characteristic features) which depend on, yet are distinct from and distinctively efficacious with respect to, lower-level physical configurations and features. These appearances give rise to two key questions. First, what is metaphysical emergence, more precisely?0Second, is there any metaphysical emergence, in principle and moreover in fact? Metaphysical Emergence provides clear and systematic answers to these questions. Wilson argues that there are two, and only two, forms of metaphysical emergence of the sort seemingly at issue in the target cases: 'Weak' emergence, whereby a dependent feature has a proper subset of the powers of the feature upon it depends, and 'Strong' emergence, whereby a dependent feature has a power not had by the feature upon which it depends. Weak emergence unifies and illuminates seemingly diverse accounts of non-reductive physicalism; Strong emergence does the same as regards seemingly diverse anti-physicalist views positing fundamental novelty at higher levels of compositional complexity. After defending the in-principle viability of each form of emergence, Wilson considers whether complex systems, ordinary objects, consciousness, and free will are actually metaphysically emergent. She argues that Weak emergence is quite common, and that there is Strong emergence in the important case of free will. | |
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| adam_text | Contents List of Figures xv 1. Key issues and questions 1.1 Metaphysical emergence: dependence with autonomy 1.1.1 Dependence with autonomy 1.1.2 The prima facie motivations 1.2 Two key questions 1.2.1 What, more specifically, is metaphysical emergence? 1.2.2 Is there actually any metaphysical emergence? 1.2.3 My aim: to provide clear, compelling, systematic answers to the key questions 1.3 Outline of the book 1.4 Operative notions 1.4.1 The physical 1.4.2 The individuation of levels 1.4.3 The fundamental 1.4.4 Causes and powers 1.4.5 Methodology 1 1 1 2 7 7 15 2. Two schemas for metaphysical emergence 2.1 The problem of higher-level causation 2.1.1 Kim’s overdetermination argument 2.1.2 The two‘emergentisť strategies for responding to the problem 2.2 Strong emergentism and the New Power Condition 2.2.1 The New Power Condition 2.2.2 The schema for Strong emergence 2.3 Nonreductive physicalism and the Proper Subset of Powers Condition 2.3.1 The Proper Subset of Powers Condition 2.3.2 The schema for Weak emergence 2.4 The schemas for Strong and Weak emergence as core and crucial to metaphysical emergence 3. The viability of Weak emergence 3.1 Objection: compatibility with anti-realism 3.2 Objection: compatibility with reductionism 3.2.1 Reduction to a conjunct of a lower-level conjunction? 16 16 21 22 24 30 32 35 39 40 40 44 46 50 53 55 58 72 73 75 76 84 84
xii CONTENTS 3.2.2 Reduction to a disjunction of lower-level disjuncts? 3.2.3 Reduction to a metaphysical consequence of lower-level laws? 3.3 Objection: compatibility with physical unacceptability 3.3.1 Quiddities 3.3.2 Phenomenal aspects 3.3.3 Lack of entailment 3.3.4 Fundamentally mental powers 3.3.5 Physically unacceptable constraints 3.4 Objection: non-necessity 3.4.1 Token identity 3.4.2 Many-one constitutive mechanism 3.4.3 Constitution 3.4.4 Grounding 3.5 Concluding remarks 1 87 90 94 94 97 101 104 105 107 108 110 112 115 118 4. The viability of Strong emergence 4.1 Objection: incompatibility with scientific theory or practice 4.2 Objection: collapse 4.2.1 Collapse via power possession 4.2.2 Collapse via lower-level dispositions 4.2.3 Three responses to the collapse objection(s) 4.3 Objection: compatibility with physical acceptability 4.4 Objection: non-necessity 4.4.1 Epiphenomenalism 4.4.2 Supervenience 4.4.3 Primitivism 4.4.4 Epistemic criteria 4.5 Concluding remarks 120 121 124 125 127 129 137 140 140 141 149 151 154 5. Complex systems 5.1 Are complex systems Strongly emergent? 5.1.1 Nonlinearity and unpredictability in the British Emergentist tradition 5.1.2 The fall of nonlinearity and unpredictability as guides to fundamental novelty 5.1.3 Might some nonlinear phenomena be Strongly emergent? 5.1.4 Nonlinearity’s descendant 5.2 Are complex systems Weakly emergent? 5.2.1 Bedau’s appeal to algorithmic incompressibility 5.2.2 Mitchell’s appeal to self-organization 5.2.3 Batterman’s appeal to asymptotic singularities 5.2.4 A DOF-based account of Weak emergence
5.2.5 DOF-based Weak Emergence and complex systems 5.3 Concluding remarks 155 157 157 159 161 164 166 166 170 172 177 185 189
CONTENTS ХІІІ 6. Ordinary objects 6.1 Are ordinary objects Weakly emergent? 6.1.1 Classical objects 6.1.2 Sortai features and functional realization 6.1.3 Metaphysically indeterminate boundaries 6.2 Are ordinary objects Strongly emergent? 6.2.1 Two routes to the Strong emergence of artifacts 6.3 Concluding remarks 191 192 192 196 201 209 209 211 7. Consciousness 7.1 Is consciousness Strongly emergent? 7.1.1 The knowledge arguments 7.1.2 The conceivability argument 7.2 Is consciousness Weakly emergent? 7.2.1 Determinable perceptions 7.2.2 The objections from mental multiple realizability and men tal superdeterminates 7.2.3 Responses to the objections 7.3 Concluding remarks 214 217 217 226 241 241 8. Free will 8.1 The generalized problem of mental quausation 8.2 Compatibilism and Weak emergence 8.2.1 The compatibilist’s proper subset strategy 8.2.2 Deepening the parallel: a powers-based interpretation of the compatibilist’s proper subset condition 8.3 Libertarianism and Strong emergence 8.3.1 The libertarian’s new power strategy 8.4 Is free will either Weakly or Strongly emergent? 8.4.1 Is there compatibilist (Weakly emergent) free will? 8.4.2 Is there libertarian (Strongly emergent) free will? 8.5 Concluding remarks 252 253 257 257 9. Metaphysical emergence: next steps 282 Bibliography Index ofNames Subject Index 287 307 311 244 246 250 263 265 265 274 274 275 281
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| adam_txt |
Contents List of Figures xv 1. Key issues and questions 1.1 Metaphysical emergence: dependence with autonomy 1.1.1 Dependence with autonomy 1.1.2 The prima facie motivations 1.2 Two key questions 1.2.1 What, more specifically, is metaphysical emergence? 1.2.2 Is there actually any metaphysical emergence? 1.2.3 My aim: to provide clear, compelling, systematic answers to the key questions 1.3 Outline of the book 1.4 Operative notions 1.4.1 The physical 1.4.2 The individuation of levels 1.4.3 The fundamental 1.4.4 Causes and powers 1.4.5 Methodology 1 1 1 2 7 7 15 2. Two schemas for metaphysical emergence 2.1 The problem of higher-level causation 2.1.1 Kim’s overdetermination argument 2.1.2 The two‘emergentisť strategies for responding to the problem 2.2 Strong emergentism and the New Power Condition 2.2.1 The New Power Condition 2.2.2 The schema for Strong emergence 2.3 Nonreductive physicalism and the Proper Subset of Powers Condition 2.3.1 The Proper Subset of Powers Condition 2.3.2 The schema for Weak emergence 2.4 The schemas for Strong and Weak emergence as core and crucial to metaphysical emergence 3. The viability of Weak emergence 3.1 Objection: compatibility with anti-realism 3.2 Objection: compatibility with reductionism 3.2.1 Reduction to a conjunct of a lower-level conjunction? 16 16 21 22 24 30 32 35 39 40 40 44 46 50 53 55 58 72 73 75 76 84 84
xii CONTENTS 3.2.2 Reduction to a disjunction of lower-level disjuncts? 3.2.3 Reduction to a metaphysical consequence of lower-level laws? 3.3 Objection: compatibility with physical unacceptability 3.3.1 Quiddities 3.3.2 Phenomenal aspects 3.3.3 Lack of entailment 3.3.4 Fundamentally mental powers 3.3.5 Physically unacceptable constraints 3.4 Objection: non-necessity 3.4.1 Token identity 3.4.2 Many-one constitutive mechanism 3.4.3 Constitution 3.4.4 Grounding 3.5 Concluding remarks 1 87 90 94 94 97 101 104 105 107 108 110 112 115 118 4. The viability of Strong emergence 4.1 Objection: incompatibility with scientific theory or practice 4.2 Objection: collapse 4.2.1 Collapse via power possession 4.2.2 Collapse via lower-level dispositions 4.2.3 Three responses to the collapse objection(s) 4.3 Objection: compatibility with physical acceptability 4.4 Objection: non-necessity 4.4.1 Epiphenomenalism 4.4.2 Supervenience 4.4.3 Primitivism 4.4.4 Epistemic criteria 4.5 Concluding remarks 120 121 124 125 127 129 137 140 140 141 149 151 154 5. Complex systems 5.1 Are complex systems Strongly emergent? 5.1.1 Nonlinearity and unpredictability in the British Emergentist tradition 5.1.2 The fall of nonlinearity and unpredictability as guides to fundamental novelty 5.1.3 Might some nonlinear phenomena be Strongly emergent? 5.1.4 Nonlinearity’s descendant 5.2 Are complex systems Weakly emergent? 5.2.1 Bedau’s appeal to algorithmic incompressibility 5.2.2 Mitchell’s appeal to self-organization 5.2.3 Batterman’s appeal to asymptotic singularities 5.2.4 A DOF-based account of Weak emergence
5.2.5 DOF-based Weak Emergence and complex systems 5.3 Concluding remarks 155 157 157 159 161 164 166 166 170 172 177 185 189
CONTENTS ХІІІ 6. Ordinary objects 6.1 Are ordinary objects Weakly emergent? 6.1.1 Classical objects 6.1.2 Sortai features and functional realization 6.1.3 Metaphysically indeterminate boundaries 6.2 Are ordinary objects Strongly emergent? 6.2.1 Two routes to the Strong emergence of artifacts 6.3 Concluding remarks 191 192 192 196 201 209 209 211 7. Consciousness 7.1 Is consciousness Strongly emergent? 7.1.1 The knowledge arguments 7.1.2 The conceivability argument 7.2 Is consciousness Weakly emergent? 7.2.1 Determinable perceptions 7.2.2 The objections from mental multiple realizability and men tal superdeterminates 7.2.3 Responses to the objections 7.3 Concluding remarks 214 217 217 226 241 241 8. Free will 8.1 The generalized problem of mental quausation 8.2 Compatibilism and Weak emergence 8.2.1 The compatibilist’s proper subset strategy 8.2.2 Deepening the parallel: a powers-based interpretation of the compatibilist’s proper subset condition 8.3 Libertarianism and Strong emergence 8.3.1 The libertarian’s new power strategy 8.4 Is free will either Weakly or Strongly emergent? 8.4.1 Is there compatibilist (Weakly emergent) free will? 8.4.2 Is there libertarian (Strongly emergent) free will? 8.5 Concluding remarks 252 253 257 257 9. Metaphysical emergence: next steps 282 Bibliography Index ofNames Subject Index 287 307 311 244 246 250 263 265 265 274 274 275 281 |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Wilson, Jessica M. Verfasser (DE-588)1236648730 aut Metaphysical emergence Jessica M. Wilson First edition Oxford Oxford University Press 2021 xiii, 320 Seiten Illustrationen 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Both the special sciences and ordinary experience suggest that there are metaphysically emergent entities and features: macroscopic goings-on (including mountains, trees, humans, and sculptures, and their characteristic features) which depend on, yet are distinct from and distinctively efficacious with respect to, lower-level physical configurations and features. These appearances give rise to two key questions. First, what is metaphysical emergence, more precisely?0Second, is there any metaphysical emergence, in principle and moreover in fact? Metaphysical Emergence provides clear and systematic answers to these questions. Wilson argues that there are two, and only two, forms of metaphysical emergence of the sort seemingly at issue in the target cases: 'Weak' emergence, whereby a dependent feature has a proper subset of the powers of the feature upon it depends, and 'Strong' emergence, whereby a dependent feature has a power not had by the feature upon which it depends. Weak emergence unifies and illuminates seemingly diverse accounts of non-reductive physicalism; Strong emergence does the same as regards seemingly diverse anti-physicalist views positing fundamental novelty at higher levels of compositional complexity. After defending the in-principle viability of each form of emergence, Wilson considers whether complex systems, ordinary objects, consciousness, and free will are actually metaphysically emergent. She argues that Weak emergence is quite common, and that there is Strong emergence in the important case of free will. Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd rswk-swf Emergenz (DE-588)4434297-4 gnd rswk-swf Emergenzphilosophie (DE-588)4282535-0 gnd rswk-swf Emergence (Philosophy) Metaphysics Emergenzphilosophie (DE-588)4282535-0 s DE-604 Emergenz (DE-588)4434297-4 s Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 s Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-19-186252-6 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032727566&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Wilson, Jessica M. Metaphysical emergence Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd Emergenz (DE-588)4434297-4 gnd Emergenzphilosophie (DE-588)4282535-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4038936-4 (DE-588)4434297-4 (DE-588)4282535-0 |
| title | Metaphysical emergence |
| title_auth | Metaphysical emergence |
| title_exact_search | Metaphysical emergence |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Metaphysical emergence |
| title_full | Metaphysical emergence Jessica M. Wilson |
| title_fullStr | Metaphysical emergence Jessica M. Wilson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metaphysical emergence Jessica M. Wilson |
| title_short | Metaphysical emergence |
| title_sort | metaphysical emergence |
| topic | Metaphysik (DE-588)4038936-4 gnd Emergenz (DE-588)4434297-4 gnd Emergenzphilosophie (DE-588)4282535-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Metaphysik Emergenz Emergenzphilosophie |
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