European constitutional law:
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Oxford
Oxford University Press
2021
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| Beschreibung: | lx, 545 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Summary Contents Introduction: The European Constitution lv Part I Constitutional Foundations 1 Constitutional History: From Paris to Lisbon з 2 Constitutional Nature: A Federation of States 41 3 73 Governmental Structure: Union Institutions I 4 Governmental Structure: Union Institutions II 113 5 European Law I: Nature—Direct Effect 151 6 European Law II: Nature—Primacy/Pre-emption 193 Part II Governmental Powers 7 Legislative Powers: Competences and Procedures 227 8 External Powers: Competences and Procedures 269 9 Executive Powers: Competences and Procedures 313 10 Judicial Powers I: (Centralized) European Procedures 357 11 Judicial Powers II: (Decentralized) National Procedures 409 12 Limiting Powers: EU Fundamental Rights 451 Conclusion: The Future(s) of the European Union 497
Detailed Contents List of Illustrations List of Tables Table of Cases Table of Union Primary Law Table of Union Secondary Law List of Abbreviations xv xvii xix xxxvi і і xlvi И Acknowledgements ШІ Introduction: The European Constitution Įv Part I Constitutional Foundations 1 Constitutional History: From Paris to Lisbon 3 Introduction 4 1. From Paris to Rome: The European Coal and Steel Community a. The Supranational Structure of the ECSC b. The (Failed) European Defence Community 5 7 9 2. From Rome to Maastricht: The European (Economic) Community a. Normative Supranationalism: The Nature of European Law b. Decisional Supranationalism: The Governmental Structure c. Intergovernmental Developments Outside the EEC d. Supranational and Intergovernmental Reforms through the Single European Act 3. From Maastricht to Nice: The (Old) European Union a. The Temple Structure: The Three Pillars of the (Maastricht) Union αα. The First Pillar: The European Communities bb. The Second Pillar: Common Foreign and Security Policy cc. The Third Pillar: Justice and Home Affairs b. A Decade of‘Constitutional Bricolage : Amsterdam and Nice aa. The Amsterdam Treaty: Dividing the Third Pillar bb. The Nice Treaty: Limited Institutional Reform 20 21 23 24 25 26 26 27 29 4. From Nice to Lisbon: The (New) European Union a. The (Failed) Constitutional Treaty: Formal Total Revision’ b. The Lisbon Treaty: Substantive Total Revision’ 30 32 34 Conclusion 38 Further Reading 40 2 Constitutional Nature: A Federation of States Introduction 12 12 14 17 41 41
viii Detailed Contents 1. The American Tradition: Federalism as (Inter)national Law a. Madisonian Federalism: Three Analytical Dimensions b. The Mixed Constitution’ and the Sovereignty Question 43 43 46 2. The German Tradition: International versus National Law a. Conceptual Polarization: Confederation versus ‘Federation’ b. Early Criticism: The (Missing) Federal Genus 47 48 50 3. The European Union in the Light of the American Tradition a. Foundational Dimension: Europe s‘Constitutional Treaties b. Institutional Dimension: A European Union of States and People(s) c. Functional Dimension: The Division of Powers in Europe d. Overall Classification: The European Union on Federal Middle Ground’ 4. The European Union in the Light of the German Tradition a. The Sui Generis Theory : The Incomparable European Union b. The International Law Theory: The Maastricht Decision՛ c. Europe s Statist Tradition Unearthed: Three Constitutional Denials d. Excursus: Europe’s Democratic Deficit’as a False Problem՛? 53 54 56 58 59 59 60 62 64 68 Conclusion 70 Further Reading 72 3 Governmental Structure: Union Institutions I 73 Introduction 1. The ‘Separation-of-Powers’ Principle and the European Union 73 76 2. The European Parliament a. Formation: Electing Parliament aa. Parliament s Size and Composition bb. Members of the European Parliament and Political Parties b. Internal Structure: Parliamentary Organs c. The Plenary: Decision-Making and Voting d. Parliamentary Powers aa. Legislative Powers bb. Budgetary Powers cc. Supervisory Powers dd. Elective Powers 80 80 81 84 87 89 90 91 92 92
94 3. The European Council a. The President of the European Council b. The European Council: Functionsand Powers 96 97 98 4. The Council of Ministers a. The Council: Composition and Configurations b. Internal Structure and Organs aa. The Presidency of the Council bb. Coreper and Specialized Committees cc. Excursus: The High Representative of Foreign Affairs and Security Policy c. Decision-Making and Voting d. Functions and Powers 100 101 102 102 103 106 107 111
Detailed Contents ix 4 Governmental Structure: Union Institutions II 113 1. The Commission a. Composition and Structure aa. The President and ‘Her’ College bb. The Commission s Administrative Organs b. Decision-Making Within the Commission c. Functions and Powers of the Commission d. Excursus: European Agencies and the Commission aa. European Agencies: Functions bb. European Agencies: Structure 114 114 116 117 120 121 124 125 125 2. The Court of Justice of the European Union a. judicial Architecture: The European Court System aa. The Court of Justice: Composition and Structure bb. The Advocate General: Office and Function cc. The General Court: Composition and Structure dd. The ‘Specialised Court(s)’: The Civil Service Tribunal b. Judicial Procedure(s) c. Judicial Reasoning: Methods of Interpretation d. Jurisdiction and Judicial Powers 127 127 128 130 131 132 133 135 136 3. The European Central Bank a. The Special Status of the ECB b. Organs and Administrative Structure c. Internal Divisions and Decision-Making d. Functions and Powers 138 138 140 143 144 4. The Court of Auditors 145 Conclusion 148 Further Reading 150 5 European Law I: Nature—Direct Effect 151 Introduction 151 1. Primary Union Law: The Effect of the Treaties a. Direct Effect: From Strict to Lenient Test b. Dimensions: Vertical and Horizontal Direct Effect 156 159 161 2. Direct Union Law: Regulations and Decisions a. Regulations: The‘Legislative’lnstrument aa. General Application in All Member States bb. Direct Application and Direct Effect b. Decisions: The Executive Instrument aa. Specifically Addressed
Decisions bb. Non-Addressed Decisions 163 164 164 165 167 167 169 3. Indirect Union Law: Directives a. Direct Effect and Directives: Conditions and Limits aa. The No-Horizontal-Direct-Effect Rule bb. The Limitation to the Rule: The Wide Definition of State (Actions) cc. The Exception to the Rule: Incidental Horizontal Direct Effect b. Indirect Effects Through National and (Primary) European Law aa. The Doctrine of Consistent Interpretation of National Law bb. Indirect Effects through the Medium of European Law 169 170 172 174 175 177 177 180
x Detailed Contents 4. External Union Law: International Agreements a. The Conditions of Direct Effect b. The Dimensions of Direct Effect 184 185 187 Conclusion 189 Further Reading 191 6 European Law II: Nature—Primacy/Pre-emption 193 Introduction 193 1. The European Perspective: Absolute Primacy a. The Absolute Scope of the Primacy Principle aa. Primacy over Internal Laws of the Member States bb. Primacy over International Treaties of the Member States b. The Executive Nature of Primacy: Disapplication, Not Invalidation 195 196 196 198 200 2. The National Perspective: Relative Primacy a. Fundamental Rights Limits: The So-Long’Jurisprudence b. Competence Limits I: From Maastricht to Mangold c. Competence Limits II: National Constitutional Identities 204 205 207 212 3. Legislative Pre-emption: Nature and Effect a. Field Pre-emption b. Obstacle Pre-emption c. Rule Pre-emption 213 214 215 216 4. Constitutional Limits to Union Pre-emption a. Union Instruments and Their Pre-emptive Capacity aa. The Pre-emptive Capacity of Regulations bb. The Pre-emptive Capacity of Directives cc. The Pre-emptive Capacity of International Agreements b. Excursus: Competence Limits to Pre-emption 216 217 217 218 219 221 Conclusion 221 Further Reading 223 Partii Governmental Powers 7 Legislative Powers: Competences and Procedures 227 Introduction 228 1. The Scope of Union Competences a. Teleological Interpretation b. The General Competences of the Union aa. The Internal Marhet Competence: Article 714 bb. The Residual Competence: Article 352 229 231 233 233 235 2. Categories of Union Competences a.
Exclusive Competences: Article 3 b. Shared Competences: Article 4 aa. General Considerations bb. Minimum Harmonization Competences c. Coordinating Competences: Article 5 d. Complementary Competences: Article 6 238 240 242 242 243 245 245
Detailed Contents 8 9 xi 3. Legislative Procedures: Ordinary and Special a. The Ordinary’Legislative Procedure aa. Constitutional Text: Formal Procedure bb. Constitutional Practice: Informal Trilogues b. The Special Legislative Procedures 247 249 249 252 255 4. The Principle of Subsidiarity a. Subsidiarity as a Political Safeguard of Federalism b. Subsidiarity as a Judicial Safeguard of Federalism Conclusion Further Reading 257 258 261 265 267 External Powers: Competences and Procedures 269 Introduction 270 1. The External Competences of the Union a. The Common Foreign and Security Policy b. The Union’s Special External Powers c. A Residual Treaty Power: From ERTA to Article 216 aa. ERTA and the Doctrine of Implied Powers bb. Article 216: Codifying ERTA? d. The Relationship Between the CFSP and the Special Competences 2. The Nature of External Competences a. The Sui Generis Nature of the CFSP Competence b. Article 3(2): Subsequently Exclusive Treaty Powers aa. Three Lines of Exclusivity: Codifying Constitutional Practice? bb. Subsequent Exclusivity: A Critical Analysis 271 273 274 276 276 278 279 282 282 283 284 286 3. External Decision-Making Procedures a. CFSP Decision-Making Procedures aa. Institutional Actors and Institutional Balance bb. Voting Arrangements in the Council b. The (Ordinary) Treaty-Making Procedure aa. Initiation and Negotiation bb. Signing and Conclusion cc. Modification, Suspension (and Termination) dd. Union Succession to Member State Agreements 287 289 289 290 291 293 296 298 299 4. Sharing External Power: Constitutional Safeguards of Federalism
a. Mixed Agreements: An International and Political Safeguard b. The Duty of Cooperation: An Internaland Judicial Safeguard aa. Member States as‘Trustees of the Union’ bb. Reversed Subsidiarity: Restrictions on the Exercise of Shared State Competences 301 301 305 306 Conclusion Further Reading 309 311 307 Executive Powers: Competences and Procedures 313 Introduction 314 1. Governmental Powers: The Union s Dual Executive 315
xii Detailed Contents a. The Legal Instruments of Political Leadership b. The Informal Procedure(s) of Government 316 318 2. Lawmaking Powers: Delegated and Implementing Acts a. The Delegation of legislative’ Power: Article 290 aa. Delegated Acts: Amending or Supplementing bb. judicial Safeguards: Constitutional Limits to Delegated Acts cc. Political Safeguards: Control Rights of the Union Legislator b. The Conferral of Executive Power: Article 291 c. The Choice Between Articles 290 and 291 d. Delegating Implementing՛ Power to European Agencies 320 322 323 325 328 330 333 336 3. Administrative Powers I: Centralized Enforcement a. The Scope of EU Administrative Competences b. The Nature of EU Administrative Competences aa. Shared Competences and the European Commission bb. Shared Competences and European Agencies 339 340 342 342 345 4. Administrative Powers II: Decentralized Enforcement a. Executive Federalism: Basic Principles aa. Limits to National Administrative Autonomy bb. The Effects of National Administrative Acts b. Mixed Administration: Co-Administration by the Union and the States 347 347 349 350 Conclusion 354 Further Reading 355 10 Judicial Powers I: (Centralized) European Procedures 352 357 Introduction 358 1. Annulment Powers: Judicial Review a. The Existence of a Reviewable’ Act b. Legitimate Grounds for Review aa. Formal and Substantive Grounds bb. In Particular: The Proportionality Principle c. Legal Standing Before the European Court aa. The Rome Formulation and its Judicial Interpretation bb. The Lisbon Formulation and its Interpretative Problems d.
The Indirect Review of European Law aa. Collateral Review: The Plea of Illegality bb. Indirect Review Through Preliminary Rulings 360 362 363 364 365 367 368 371 376 376 377 2. Remedial Powers: Liability Actions a. Procedural Conditions: From Dependent to Independent Action b. Substantive Conditions: From Schöppenstedt to Bergaderm 379 380 381 3. Adjudicatory Powers I: Enforcement Actions a. Enforcement Actions Against Member States aa. The Procedural Conditions under Article 258 bb. Judicial Enforcement Through Financial Sanctions b. Enforcement Actions Against the Union: Failure to Act 384 384 385 387 388
Detailed Contents xiü 4. Adjudicatory Powers II: Preliminary Rulings a. Paragraph 1: The jurisdiction of the European Court b. Paragraph 2: The Conditions for a Preliminary Ruling c. Paragraph 3: The Obligation to Refer and ‘acte clair d. The Legal Nature of Preliminary Rulings Conclusion 391 392 393 394 396 398 402 404 Further Reading 406 aa. Who : National Courts and Tribunals bb. What : Necessary Questions 11 Judicial Powers II: (Decentralized) National Procedures 409 Introduction 409 1. The Equivalence Principle a. Non-Discrimination: Extending National Remedies b. ‘Similar Actions: The Equivalence Test 414 415 416 2. The Effectiveness Principle a. The Historical Evolution of the Effectiveness Standard 417 418 418 419 422 424 aa. First Period: Judicial Restraint bb. Second Period: Judicial Intervention cc. Third Period: Judicial Balance b. Procedural Limits to the Invocability of European Law 3. The Liability Principle a. State Liability: The Francovich Doctrine aa. The Three Conditions for State Liability bb. State Liability for Judicial Breaches of European Law b. Private Liability: The Courage Doctrine 4. European Harmonization: Judicial Cooperation a. Cooperation and Mutual Recognition in Civil Matters aa. Dividing Competences Between National Courts bb. Mutual Recognition of National Judgments b. Cooperation and Mutual Recognition in Criminal Matters 427 428 431 434 436 439 441 442 445 446 Conclusion 448 Further Reading 449 12 Limiting Powers: EU Fundamental Rights 451 Introduction 452 1. The ‘Unwritten’ Bill of Rights: EU General Principles a. The Birth of EU
Fundamental Rights 453 454 456 458 460 463 464 465 466 aa. The European Standard: An Autonomous Standard bb. Limitations, and ‘Limitations on Limitations b. United Nations Law: External Limits to European Human Rights? 2. The ‘Written’ Bill of Rights: The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights a. The Charter: Structure and Content aa. (Hard) Rights and (Soft) Principles bb. Limitations, and ‘Limitations on Limitations’
xiv Detailed Contents b. Relations with the European Treaties (and the European Convention) aa. Harmonious Relations with the EU Treaties bb. Harmonious Relations with the European Convention 469 469 470 3. The ‘External’ Bill of Rights: The European Convention on Human Rights 471 a. The European Convention Standard for Union Acts aa. Before Accession: (Limited) Indirect Review bb. After Accession: (Full) Direct Review b. Union Accession to the European Convention: Preconditions aa. Union Accession I: Constitutional Preconditions bb. Union Accession II: Procedural Conditions 472 All 475 476 All 479 A. The Incorporation Doctrine’: EU Fundamental Rights and National Law 480 a. Incorporation and General Principles: Implementation and Derogation 480 b. Incorporation and the EU Charter: Article 51 483 aa. General Rules for All Member States 483 bb. Special Rules for Poland and (previously) the United Kingdom 486 c. EU Human Rights and Private Parties: Beyond State Actions? 488 d. EU Human Rights and National Courts: Mutual Trust and itsLimits 491 Conclusion 494 Further Reading 495 Conclusion: The Future(s) of the European Union 497 Appendix: How to Study European Union Law 505 1. How to Find the EU Treaties 505 2. How to Find (and Read) EU Secondary Law 509 3. How to Find (and Read) EU Court Judgments 513 4. How to Find EU Academic Resources 516 5. Howto Use the Author s Companion Webpage 517 Index 521
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Summary Contents Introduction: The European Constitution lv Part I Constitutional Foundations 1 Constitutional History: From Paris to Lisbon з 2 Constitutional Nature: A Federation of States 41 3 73 Governmental Structure: Union Institutions I 4 Governmental Structure: Union Institutions II 113 5 European Law I: Nature—Direct Effect 151 6 European Law II: Nature—Primacy/Pre-emption 193 Part II Governmental Powers 7 Legislative Powers: Competences and Procedures 227 8 External Powers: Competences and Procedures 269 9 Executive Powers: Competences and Procedures 313 10 Judicial Powers I: (Centralized) European Procedures 357 11 Judicial Powers II: (Decentralized) National Procedures 409 12 Limiting Powers: EU Fundamental Rights 451 Conclusion: The Future(s) of the European Union 497
Detailed Contents List of Illustrations List of Tables Table of Cases Table of Union Primary Law Table of Union Secondary Law List of Abbreviations xv xvii xix xxxvi і і xlvi И Acknowledgements ШІ Introduction: The European Constitution Įv Part I Constitutional Foundations 1 Constitutional History: From Paris to Lisbon 3 Introduction 4 1. From Paris to Rome: The European Coal and Steel Community a. The Supranational Structure of the ECSC b. The (Failed) European Defence Community 5 7 9 2. From Rome to Maastricht: The European (Economic) Community a. Normative Supranationalism: The Nature of European Law b. Decisional Supranationalism: The Governmental Structure c. Intergovernmental Developments Outside the EEC d. Supranational and Intergovernmental Reforms through the Single European Act 3. From Maastricht to Nice: The (Old) European Union a. The Temple Structure: The Three Pillars of the (Maastricht) Union αα. The First Pillar: The European Communities bb. The Second Pillar: Common Foreign and Security Policy cc. The Third Pillar: Justice and Home Affairs b. A Decade of‘Constitutional Bricolage': Amsterdam and Nice aa. The Amsterdam Treaty: Dividing the Third Pillar bb. The Nice Treaty: Limited Institutional Reform 20 21 23 24 25 26 26 27 29 4. From Nice to Lisbon: The (New) European Union a. The (Failed) Constitutional Treaty: Formal Total Revision’ b. The Lisbon Treaty: Substantive Total Revision’ 30 32 34 Conclusion 38 Further Reading 40 2 Constitutional Nature: A Federation of States Introduction 12 12 14 17 41 41
viii Detailed Contents 1. The American Tradition: Federalism as (Inter)national Law a. Madisonian Federalism: Three Analytical Dimensions b. The 'Mixed Constitution’ and the Sovereignty Question 43 43 46 2. The German Tradition: International versus National Law a. Conceptual Polarization: 'Confederation' versus ‘Federation’ b. Early Criticism: The (Missing) Federal Genus 47 48 50 3. The European Union in the Light of the American Tradition a. Foundational Dimension: Europe's‘Constitutional Treaties' b. Institutional Dimension: A European Union of States and People(s) c. Functional Dimension: The Division of Powers in Europe d. Overall Classification: The European Union on Federal 'Middle Ground’ 4. The European Union in the Light of the German Tradition a. The Sui Generis 'Theory': The 'Incomparable' European Union b. The International Law Theory: The'Maastricht Decision՛ c. Europe's Statist Tradition Unearthed: Three Constitutional Denials d. Excursus: Europe’s'Democratic Deficit’as a'False Problem՛? 53 54 56 58 59 59 60 62 64 68 Conclusion 70 Further Reading 72 3 Governmental Structure: Union Institutions I 73 Introduction 1. The ‘Separation-of-Powers’ Principle and the European Union 73 76 2. The European Parliament a. Formation: Electing Parliament aa. Parliament's Size and Composition bb. Members of the European Parliament and Political Parties b. Internal Structure: Parliamentary Organs c. The Plenary: Decision-Making and Voting d. Parliamentary Powers aa. Legislative Powers bb. Budgetary Powers cc. Supervisory Powers dd. Elective Powers 80 80 81 84 87 89 90 91 92 92
94 3. The European Council a. The President of the European Council b. The European Council: Functionsand Powers 96 97 98 4. The Council of Ministers a. The Council: Composition and Configurations b. Internal Structure and Organs aa. The Presidency of the Council bb. 'Coreper'and Specialized Committees cc. Excursus: The High Representative of Foreign Affairs and Security Policy c. Decision-Making and Voting d. Functions and Powers 100 101 102 102 103 106 107 111
Detailed Contents ix 4 Governmental Structure: Union Institutions II 113 1. The Commission a. Composition and Structure aa. The President and ‘Her’ College bb. The Commission's Administrative Organs b. Decision-Making Within the Commission c. Functions and Powers of the Commission d. Excursus: European Agencies and the Commission aa. European Agencies: Functions bb. European Agencies: Structure 114 114 116 117 120 121 124 125 125 2. The Court of Justice of the European Union a. judicial Architecture: The European Court System aa. The Court of Justice: Composition and Structure bb. The Advocate General: Office and Function cc. The General Court: Composition and Structure dd. The ‘Specialised Court(s)’: The Civil Service Tribunal b. Judicial Procedure(s) c. Judicial Reasoning: Methods of Interpretation d. Jurisdiction and Judicial Powers 127 127 128 130 131 132 133 135 136 3. The European Central Bank a. The Special Status of the ECB b. Organs and Administrative Structure c. Internal Divisions and Decision-Making d. Functions and Powers 138 138 140 143 144 4. The Court of Auditors 145 Conclusion 148 Further Reading 150 5 European Law I: Nature—Direct Effect 151 Introduction 151 1. Primary Union Law: The Effect of the Treaties a. Direct Effect: From Strict to Lenient Test b. Dimensions: Vertical and Horizontal Direct Effect 156 159 161 2. Direct Union Law: Regulations and Decisions a. Regulations: The‘Legislative’lnstrument aa. General Application in All Member States bb. Direct Application and Direct Effect b. Decisions: The Executive Instrument aa. Specifically Addressed
Decisions bb. Non-Addressed Decisions 163 164 164 165 167 167 169 3. Indirect Union Law: Directives a. Direct Effect and Directives: Conditions and Limits aa. The No-Horizontal-Direct-Effect Rule bb. The Limitation to the Rule: The Wide Definition of State (Actions) cc. The Exception to the Rule: Incidental Horizontal Direct Effect b. Indirect Effects Through National and (Primary) European Law aa. The Doctrine of Consistent Interpretation of National Law bb. Indirect Effects through the Medium of European Law 169 170 172 174 175 177 177 180
x Detailed Contents 4. External Union Law: International Agreements a. The Conditions of Direct Effect b. The Dimensions of Direct Effect 184 185 187 Conclusion 189 Further Reading 191 6 European Law II: Nature—Primacy/Pre-emption 193 Introduction 193 1. The European Perspective: Absolute Primacy a. The Absolute Scope of the Primacy Principle aa. Primacy over Internal Laws of the Member States bb. Primacy over International Treaties of the Member States b. The 'Executive' Nature of Primacy: Disapplication, Not Invalidation 195 196 196 198 200 2. The National Perspective: Relative Primacy a. Fundamental Rights Limits: The'So-Long’Jurisprudence b. Competence Limits I: From Maastricht to Mangold c. Competence Limits II: National Constitutional Identities 204 205 207 212 3. Legislative Pre-emption: Nature and Effect a. Field Pre-emption b. Obstacle Pre-emption c. Rule Pre-emption 213 214 215 216 4. Constitutional Limits to Union Pre-emption a. Union Instruments and Their Pre-emptive Capacity aa. The Pre-emptive Capacity of Regulations bb. The Pre-emptive Capacity of Directives cc. The Pre-emptive Capacity of International Agreements b. Excursus: Competence Limits to Pre-emption 216 217 217 218 219 221 Conclusion 221 Further Reading 223 Partii Governmental Powers 7 Legislative Powers: Competences and Procedures 227 Introduction 228 1. The Scope of Union Competences a. Teleological Interpretation b. The General Competences of the Union aa. The Internal Marhet Competence: Article 714 bb. The Residual Competence: Article 352 229 231 233 233 235 2. Categories of Union Competences a.
Exclusive Competences: Article 3 b. Shared Competences: Article 4 aa. General Considerations bb. Minimum Harmonization Competences c. Coordinating Competences: Article 5 d. Complementary Competences: Article 6 238 240 242 242 243 245 245
Detailed Contents 8 9 xi 3. Legislative Procedures: Ordinary and Special a. The Ordinary’Legislative Procedure aa. Constitutional Text: Formal Procedure bb. Constitutional Practice: Informal Trilogues b. The 'Special' Legislative Procedures 247 249 249 252 255 4. The Principle of Subsidiarity a. Subsidiarity as a Political Safeguard of Federalism b. Subsidiarity as a Judicial Safeguard of Federalism Conclusion Further Reading 257 258 261 265 267 External Powers: Competences and Procedures 269 Introduction 270 1. The External Competences of the Union a. The Common Foreign and Security Policy b. The Union’s Special External Powers c. A 'Residual' Treaty Power: From ERTA to Article 216 aa. ERTA and the Doctrine of Implied Powers bb. Article 216: Codifying ERTA? d. The Relationship Between the CFSP and the Special Competences 2. The Nature of External Competences a. The Sui Generis Nature of the CFSP Competence b. Article 3(2): Subsequently Exclusive Treaty Powers aa. Three Lines of Exclusivity: Codifying Constitutional Practice? bb. Subsequent Exclusivity: A Critical Analysis 271 273 274 276 276 278 279 282 282 283 284 286 3. External Decision-Making Procedures a. CFSP Decision-Making Procedures aa. Institutional Actors and Institutional Balance bb. Voting Arrangements in the Council b. The (Ordinary) Treaty-Making Procedure aa. Initiation and Negotiation bb. Signing and Conclusion cc. Modification, Suspension (and Termination) dd. Union Succession to Member State Agreements 287 289 289 290 291 293 296 298 299 4. Sharing External Power: Constitutional Safeguards of Federalism
a. Mixed Agreements: An International and Political Safeguard b. The Duty of Cooperation: An Internaland Judicial Safeguard aa. Member States as‘Trustees of the Union’ bb. 'Reversed' Subsidiarity: Restrictions on the Exercise of Shared State Competences 301 301 305 306 Conclusion Further Reading 309 311 307 Executive Powers: Competences and Procedures 313 Introduction 314 1. Governmental Powers: The Union's Dual Executive 315
xii Detailed Contents a. The Legal Instruments of Political Leadership b. The Informal Procedure(s) of Government 316 318 2. Lawmaking Powers: Delegated and Implementing Acts a. The Delegation of legislative’ Power: Article 290 aa. Delegated Acts: Amending or Supplementing bb. judicial Safeguards: Constitutional Limits to Delegated Acts cc. Political Safeguards: Control Rights of the Union Legislator b. The 'Conferral' of Executive Power: Article 291 c. The Choice Between Articles 290 and 291 d. Delegating'Implementing՛ Power to European Agencies 320 322 323 325 328 330 333 336 3. Administrative Powers I: Centralized Enforcement a. The Scope of EU Administrative Competences b. The Nature of EU Administrative Competences aa. Shared Competences and the European Commission bb. Shared Competences and European Agencies 339 340 342 342 345 4. Administrative Powers II: Decentralized Enforcement a. Executive Federalism: Basic Principles aa. Limits to National Administrative Autonomy bb. The Effects of National Administrative Acts b. Mixed Administration: Co-Administration by the Union and the States 347 347 349 350 Conclusion 354 Further Reading 355 10 Judicial Powers I: (Centralized) European Procedures 352 357 Introduction 358 1. Annulment Powers: Judicial Review a. The Existence of a 'Reviewable’ Act b. Legitimate Grounds for Review aa. 'Formal' and 'Substantive' Grounds bb. In Particular: The Proportionality Principle c. Legal Standing Before the European Court aa. The Rome Formulation and its Judicial Interpretation bb. The Lisbon Formulation and its Interpretative Problems d.
The Indirect Review of European Law aa. Collateral Review: The Plea of Illegality bb. Indirect Review Through Preliminary Rulings 360 362 363 364 365 367 368 371 376 376 377 2. Remedial Powers: Liability Actions a. Procedural Conditions: From Dependent to Independent Action b. Substantive Conditions: From Schöppenstedt to Bergaderm 379 380 381 3. Adjudicatory Powers I: Enforcement Actions a. Enforcement Actions Against Member States aa. The Procedural Conditions under Article 258 bb. Judicial Enforcement Through Financial Sanctions b. Enforcement Actions Against the Union: Failure to Act 384 384 385 387 388
Detailed Contents xiü 4. Adjudicatory Powers II: Preliminary Rulings a. Paragraph 1: The jurisdiction of the European Court b. Paragraph 2: The Conditions for a Preliminary Ruling c. Paragraph 3: The Obligation to Refer and ‘acte clair d. The Legal Nature of Preliminary Rulings Conclusion 391 392 393 394 396 398 402 404 Further Reading 406 aa. 'Who': National Courts and Tribunals bb. 'What': Necessary Questions 11 Judicial Powers II: (Decentralized) National Procedures 409 Introduction 409 1. The Equivalence Principle a. Non-Discrimination: Extending National Remedies b. ‘Similar'Actions: The Equivalence Test 414 415 416 2. The Effectiveness Principle a. The Historical Evolution of the Effectiveness Standard 417 418 418 419 422 424 aa. First Period: Judicial Restraint bb. Second Period: Judicial Intervention cc. Third Period: Judicial Balance b. Procedural Limits to the Invocability of European Law 3. The Liability Principle a. State Liability: The Francovich Doctrine aa. The Three Conditions for State Liability bb. State Liability for Judicial Breaches of European Law b. Private Liability: The Courage Doctrine 4. European Harmonization: Judicial Cooperation a. Cooperation and Mutual Recognition in Civil Matters aa. Dividing Competences Between National Courts bb. Mutual Recognition of National Judgments b. Cooperation and Mutual Recognition in Criminal Matters 427 428 431 434 436 439 441 442 445 446 Conclusion 448 Further Reading 449 12 Limiting Powers: EU Fundamental Rights 451 Introduction 452 1. The ‘Unwritten’ Bill of Rights: EU General Principles a. The Birth of EU
Fundamental Rights 453 454 456 458 460 463 464 465 466 aa. The European Standard: An 'Autonomous' Standard bb. Limitations, and ‘Limitations on Limitations' b. United Nations Law: External Limits to European Human Rights? 2. The ‘Written’ Bill of Rights: The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights a. The Charter: Structure and Content aa. (Hard) Rights and (Soft) Principles bb. Limitations, and ‘Limitations on Limitations’
xiv Detailed Contents b. Relations with the European Treaties (and the European Convention) aa. Harmonious Relations with the EU Treaties bb. Harmonious Relations with the European Convention 469 469 470 3. The ‘External’ Bill of Rights: The European Convention on Human Rights 471 a. The European Convention Standard for Union Acts aa. Before Accession: (Limited) Indirect Review bb. After Accession: (Full) Direct Review b. Union Accession to the European Convention: Preconditions aa. Union Accession I: Constitutional Preconditions bb. Union Accession II: Procedural Conditions 472 All 475 476 All 479 A. The 'Incorporation Doctrine’: EU Fundamental Rights and National Law 480 a. Incorporation and General Principles: Implementation and Derogation 480 b. Incorporation and the EU Charter: Article 51 483 aa. General Rules for All Member States 483 bb. Special Rules for Poland and (previously) the United Kingdom 486 c. EU Human Rights and Private Parties: Beyond State Actions? 488 d. EU Human Rights and National Courts: Mutual Trust and itsLimits 491 Conclusion 494 Further Reading 495 Conclusion: The Future(s) of the European Union 497 Appendix: How to Study European Union Law 505 1. How to Find the EU Treaties 505 2. How to Find (and Read) EU Secondary Law 509 3. How to Find (and Read) EU Court Judgments 513 4. How to Find EU Academic Resources 516 5. Howto Use the Author's Companion Webpage 517 Index 521 |
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| author | Schütze, Robert ca. 20./21. Jh |
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| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft Politologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft Politologie |
| edition | Third edition |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Schütze, Robert ca. 20./21. Jh. Verfasser (DE-588)1023557789 aut European constitutional law Robert Schütze Third edition Oxford Oxford University Press 2021 lx, 545 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union (DE-588)7619701-3 gnd rswk-swf Vertrag über die Europäische Union (DE-588)4835148-9 gnd rswk-swf Vertrag von Lissabon 2007 Dezember 13 (DE-588)7606667-8 gnd rswk-swf Rechtsordnung (DE-588)4135330-4 gnd rswk-swf Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag (DE-588)4063696-3 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd rswk-swf Verfassungsrecht (DE-588)4062801-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Verfassungsrecht (DE-588)4062801-2 s DE-604 Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 s Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag (DE-588)4063696-3 s Rechtsordnung (DE-588)4135330-4 s DE-188 Vertrag von Lissabon 2007 Dezember 13 (DE-588)7606667-8 u Vertrag über die Europäische Union (DE-588)4835148-9 u Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union (DE-588)7619701-3 u Digitalisierung UB Bamberg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032716603&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Schütze, Robert ca. 20./21. Jh European constitutional law Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union (DE-588)7619701-3 gnd Vertrag über die Europäische Union (DE-588)4835148-9 gnd Vertrag von Lissabon 2007 Dezember 13 (DE-588)7606667-8 gnd Rechtsordnung (DE-588)4135330-4 gnd Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag (DE-588)4063696-3 gnd Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd Verfassungsrecht (DE-588)4062801-2 gnd |
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| title | European constitutional law |
| title_auth | European constitutional law |
| title_exact_search | European constitutional law |
| title_exact_search_txtP | European constitutional law |
| title_full | European constitutional law Robert Schütze |
| title_fullStr | European constitutional law Robert Schütze |
| title_full_unstemmed | European constitutional law Robert Schütze |
| title_short | European constitutional law |
| title_sort | european constitutional law |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union (DE-588)7619701-3 gnd Vertrag über die Europäische Union (DE-588)4835148-9 gnd Vertrag von Lissabon 2007 Dezember 13 (DE-588)7606667-8 gnd Rechtsordnung (DE-588)4135330-4 gnd Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag (DE-588)4063696-3 gnd Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd Verfassungsrecht (DE-588)4062801-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Vertrag über die Arbeitsweise der Europäischen Union Vertrag über die Europäische Union Vertrag von Lissabon 2007 Dezember 13 Rechtsordnung Völkerrechtlicher Vertrag Europäische Integration Verfassungsrecht Lehrbuch |
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