Brock biology of microorganisms:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Harlow, UK
Pearson
[2022]
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| Ausgabe: | Sixteenth edition, global edition |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Auf der Rückseite der Titelseite: "Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled 'Brock biology of microorganisms', 16th Edition, ISBN 978-0-13-487440-1 by Michael T. Madigan [...] published by Pearson Education © 2021." |
| Beschreibung: | 1124 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 9781292404790 1292404795 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Brock biology of microorganisms |c Michael T. Madigan (Southern Illinois University Carbondale), Kelly S. Bender (Southern Illinois University Carbondale), Daniel H. Buckley (Cornell University), W. Matthew Sattley (Indiana Wesleyan University), David A. Stahl (University of Washington Seattle) |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Biology of microorganisms |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Microorganisms |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Harlow, UK |b Pearson |c [2022] | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents About the Authors 11 Preface 15 Acknowledgments 21 UNIT 1 The Foundations of Microbiology Microbial Cell Structure H MICROBIOLOGYNOW I The Microbial World microbiologynow I · 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 Exploring the Microbial World 38 Microorganisms, Tiny Titans of the Earth 38 Structure and Activities of Microbial Cells 39 Cell Size and Morphology 41 An Introduction to Microbial Life 46 Microorganisms and the Biosphere 48 The Impact of Microorganisms on Human Society 49 1.2 II Microbiology in Motion 37 · Microscopy and the Origins of Microbiology 54 Light Microscopy and the Discovery of Microorganisms 54 Improving Contrast in Light Microscopy 56 Imaging Cells in Three Dimensions 58 Probing Cell Structure: Electron Microscopy 59 and Function 74 · Exploring the Microbial Cell 74 The Cell Envelope 75 2.1 The 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Cytoplasmic Membrane 75 Transporting Nutrients into the Cell 78 The Cell Wall 80 LPS: The Outer Membrane 83 Diversity of Cell Envelope Structure 85 II Cell Surface Structures and Inclusions 87 · 2.6 2.7 2.8 Cell Surface Structures 87 Cell Inclusions 89 Endospores 91 III · Cell Locomotion 94 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 Flagella, Archaella, and Swimming Motility 94 Surface Motility 97 Chemotaxis 99 Other Forms of Taxis 101 IV « Eukaryotic Microbial Cells 102 2.13 2.14 2.15 The Nucleus and Cell Division 102 Mitochondria and Chloroplasts 104 Other Eukaryotic Cell Structures 106 Microbial Metabolism III · Microbial Cultivation Expands the Horizon of Microbiology 61 1.11 1.12 1.13 Pasteur and Spontaneous Generation 61 Koch, Infectious Diseases, and
Pure Cultures 63 Discovery of Microbial Diversity 65 IV « Molecular Biology and the Unity and Diversity of Life 67 1.14 1.15 Molecular Basis of Life 67 Woese and the Tree of Life 68 Explore the Microbial World Tiny Cells 45 microbiologynow I · Life Begins with Metabolism 111 Fundamentals of Metabolism 112 3.1 Defining the Requirements for Life 112 3.2 Electron Transfer Reactions 114 3.3 Calculating Changes in Free Energy 116 3.4 Cellular Energy Conservation 118 3.5 Catalysis and Enzymes 120 II 3.6 3.7 · Catabolism: Chemoorganotrophs 121 Glycolysis, the Citric Acid Cycle, and the Glyoxylate Cycle 122 Principles of Fermentation 124 25
26 CONTENTS 3.8 3.9 Principles of Respiration: Electron Carriers 125 Principles of Respiration: Generating a Proton Motive Force 127 III · Catabolism: Electron Transport and Metabolic Diversity 130 3.10 3.11 Anaerobic Respiration and Metabolic Modularity 130 Chemolithotrophy and Phototrophy 132 Viruses and Their И MiCROBiOLOGYNOW IV · Biosynthesis 134 I 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 5.1 5.2 5.3 Autotrophy and Nitrogen Fixation 134 Sugars and Polysaccharides 137 Amino Acids and Nucleotides 138 Fatty Acids and Lipids 139 Microbial Growth И and Its Control 144 MiCROBiOLOGYNOW I · Growing Their Own Way 144 II · Dynamics of Microbial Growth 154 II Steps in the Replication Cycle 191 Bacteriophage T4: A Model Lytic Virus 192 Temperate Bacteriophages and Lysogeny 195 An Overview of Viruses of Eukaryotes 195 I 6.3 6.4 4.11 4.12 4.13 Temperature Classes of Microorganisms 162 Microbial Life in the Cold 163 Microbial Life at High Temperatures 165 4.14 4.15 4.16 Effects of pH on Microbial Growth 168 Osmolarity and Microbial Growth 169 Oxygen and Microbial Growth 171 V Controlling Microbial Growth 173 General Principles and Microbial Growth Control by Heat 174 Other Physical Control Methods: Radiation and Filtration 175 Chemical Control of Microbial Growth 177 Molecular Biology and Genetics and Protein Processing 20Ί MiCROBiOLOGYNOW Environmental Effects on Growth: Temperature 162 4.19 Overview of the Viral Replication Cycle 191 И III · 4.18 · Molecular Information Flow 6.1 6.2 4.17 The Nature of Viruses 185 UNIT 2 Binary Fission and the Microbial Growth Cycle 154 Quantitative Aspects of Microbial
Growth 156 Continuous Culture 158 Biofilm Growth 159 Alternatives to Binary Fission 160 IV · Environmental Effects on Growth: pH, Osmolarity, and Oxygen 167 When Antibiotics Fail, Bacteriophage Therapy to the Rescue 184 What Is a Virus? 185 Structure of the Virion 187 Culturing, Detecting, and Counting Viruses 189 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 · · Culturing Microbes and Measuring Their Growth 145 4.1 Feeding the Microbe: Cell Nutrition 145 4.2 Growth Media and Laboratory Culture 147 4.3 Microscopic Counts of Microbial Cell Numbers 150 4.4 Viable Counting of Microbial Cell Numbers 151 4.5 Turbidimetric Measures of Microbial Cell Numbers 153 Multiplication Ί84 · Injectisomes: Salmonella s Mode of Attack 201 Molecular Biology and Genetic Elements 202 DNA and Genetic Information Flow 202 Genetic Elements: Chromosomes and Plasmids 205 II · Copying the Genetic Blueprint: DNA Replication 208 Templates, Enzymes, and the Replication Fork 208 Bidirectional Replication, the Replisome, and Proofreading 211 III · RNA Synthesis: Transcription 213 6.5 6.6 Transcription in Bacteria 213 Transcription in Archaea and Eukarya 217 IV · Protein Synthesis: Translation 219 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 V · 6.11 6.12 6.13 Amino Acids, Polypeptides, and Proteins 219 Transfer RNA 222 Translation and the Genetic Code 223 The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis 225 Protein Processing, Secretion, and Targeting 228 Assisted Protein Folding and Chaperones 228 Protein Secretion: The Sec and Tat Systems 229 Protein Secretion: Gram-Negative Systems 230
CONTENTS Ш · Antibiotics and Microbial Growth 291 Microbial Regulatory 8.11 Antibiotic Targets and Antibiotic Resistance 291 Systems 236 As Bacterial Cells Chatter, 8.12 Persistence and Dormancy 293 И microbiologynow Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea 2Ց7 Viruses Eavesdrop 236 I · 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 DNA-Binding Proteins and Transcriptional Regulation 237 DNA-Binding Proteins 237 Transcription Factors and Effectors 238 Repression and Activation 240 Transcription Controls in Archaea 243 II · 7.5 7.6 7.7 Sensing and Signal Transduction 245 Two-Component Regulatory Systems 245 Regulation of Chemotaxis 246 Cell-to-Cell Signaling 249 III · Global Control 251 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 The lac Operon 252 Stringent and General Stress Responses 254 The Phosphate (Pho) Regulon 256 The Heat Shock Response 257 IV · RNA-Based Regulation 258 7.12 7.13 7.14 V Regulatory RNAs 259 Riboswitches 260 Attenuation 262 · 7.15 7.16 Regulation of Enzymes and Other Proteins 263 Feedback Inhibition 264 Post-Translational Regulation 264 MICROBIOLOGYNOW I · 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 II I · · 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 II 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 Visualizing Molecular Growth 271 Chromosome Replication and Segregation 272 Cell Division and Fts Proteins 275 Determinants of Cell Morphology 277 Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis 279 · Gene Transfer in Bacteria 306 Genetic Recombination 307 Transformation 309 Transduction 311 Conjugation 314 The Formation of Hfr Strains and Chromosome Mobilization 315 III · Gene Transfer in Archaea and Other Genetic Events 318 9.10 9.11 9.12 Horizontal Gene Transfer in Archaea 318 Mobile DNA:
Transposable Elements 320 Preserving Genomic Integrity and CRISPR 322 UNIT 3 Genomics, Synthetic Biology, and Evolution Microbial Genomics and Other Omics 328 Membrane Vesicles: Nano Vehicles Transporting Important Cargo 270 Bacterial Cell Division 271 Mutation 299 Mutations and Mutants 299 Molecular Basis of Mutation 301 Reversions and Mutation Rates 303 Mutagenesis 304 Molecular Aspects of Microbial Growth 270 MICROBIOLOGYNOW Live Cell Imaging Captures Bacterial Promiscuity 297 MICROBIOLOGYNOW 1 · Omics Tools Unravel Mysteries of Fettuccine Rocks 328 Genomics 329 Regulation of Development in Model Bacteria 282 10.4 Introduction to Genomics 329 Sequencing and Annotating Genomes 331 Genome Size and Gene Content in Bacteria and Archaea 334 Organelle and Eukaryotic Microbial Genomes 338 Regulation of Endospore Formation 282 Regulation of Endospore Germination 283 Caulobacter Differentiation 284 Heterocyst Formation in Anabaena 286 Biofilm Formation 287 II Functional Omics 341 10.1 10.2 10.3 · 10.5 10.6 Functional Genomics 341 High-Throughput Functional Gene Analysis: Tn-Seq 344 27
28 CONTENTS 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 Metagenomics 344 Gene Chips and Transcriptomics 347 Proteomics and the Interactome 350 Metabolomics 352 12.3 12.4 12.5 Expressing Foreign Genes in Bacteria 398 Molecular Methods for Mutagenesis 400 Reporter Genes and Gene Fusions 401 III · Systems Biology 353 10.11 10.12 10.13 Single-Cell Genomics 354 Integrating Mycobacterium tuberculosis Omlcs 355 Systems Biology and Human Health 357 Explore the Microbial World DNA Sequencing in the Palm of Your Hand 336 II · 12.6 12.7 12.8 •Viral Genomics and Diversity 361 MicROBioiOGYNOW Bacteriophages Mimicking Eukaryotes— Discovery of a Phage-Encoded Nucleus and Spindle 361 I · 11.1 11.2 II Viral Genomes and Classification 362 Size and Structure of Viral Genomes 362 Viral Taxonomy and Phylogeny 364 · 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 12.9 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 Single-Stranded DNA Bacteriophages: ψΧ174 and M13 366 Double-Stranded DNA Bacteriophages: T4,T7, and Lambda 368 Viruses of Archaea 371 Uniquely Replicating DNA Animal Viruses 374 DNA Tumor Viruses 375 Positive-Strand RNA Viruses 377 Negative-Strand RNA Animal Viruses 379 Double-Stranded RNA Viruses 381 Viruses That Use Reverse Transcriptase 382 Viroids 385 Prions 386 Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology ՅՑ0 microbiologynow I · 12.1 12.2 Synthetic Metabolic Pathways, Biosensors, and Genetic Circuits 416 Synthetic Cells 419 Genome Editing and CRISPRs 420 Biõcontainment of Genetically Modified Organisms 424 DNA Viruses 366 IV · Subviral Agents 385 11.12 11.13 Somatotropin and Other Mammalian Proteins 403 Transgenic Organisms in Agriculture and
Aquaculture 405 Engineered Vaccines and Therapeutic Agents 407 Mining Genomes and Engineering Pathways 411 Engineering Biofuels 413 III · Synthetic Biology and Genome Editing 415 Microbial Evolution and Genome Dynamics 428 microbiologynow I · III · RNA Viruses 377 11.8 11.9 11.10 11.11 Making Products from Genetically Engineered Microbes: Biotechnology 403 An Ingestible Biosensor: Using Bacteria to Monitor Gastrointestinal Health 390 Tools of the Genetic Engineer 391 Manipulating DNA: PCR and Nucleic Acid Hybridization 391 Molecular Cloning 394 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 II · Exploring Viral Genesis 428 Early Earth and the Origin and Diversification of Life 429 Formation and Early History of Earth 429 Photosynthesis and the Oxidation of Earth 432 Living Fossils: DNA Records the History of Life 434 Endosymbiotic Origin of Eukaryotes 435 Viral Evolution 438 Mechanisms of Microbial Evolution 439 13.6 13.7 13.8 The Evolutionary Process 439 Experimental Evolution 441 Gene Families, Duplications, and Deletions 443 13.9 Horizontal Gene Transfer 445 13.10 The Evolution of Microbial Genomes 446 III · Microbial Phylogeny and Systematics 448 13.11 13.12 Molecular Phylogeny: Making Sense of Molecular Sequences 448 Microbial Systematics 452
CONTENTS UNIT 4 Microbial Diversity Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms 460 MiCROBioLOGYNOW Ferreting Out the Peculiar Lile of Iron Bacteria 460 I · 14.1 Introduction to Metabolic Diversity 461 14.2 Foundational Principles of Metabolic Diversity: Energy and Redox 461 Autotrophic Pathways 464 II · Phototrophy 466 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 Photosynthesis and Chlorophylls 466 Carotenoids and Phycobilins 470 Anoxygenic Photosynthesis 471 Oxygenic Photosynthesis 474 III · Respiratory Processes Defined by Electron Donor 476 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10 Oxidation of Sulfur Compounds 476 Iron (Fe2+) Oxidation 478 Nitrification 479 Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation (Anammox) 481 IV · Respiratory Processes Defined by Electron Acceptor 482 14.11 14.12 14.13 Nitrate Reduction and Denitrification 482 Sulfate and Sulfur Reduction 484 Other Electron Acceptors 486 V One-Carbon (Cļ) Metabolism 488 · 14.14 14.15 14.16 Acetogenesis 488 Methanogenesis 490 Methanotrophy 494 Ecological Diversity of Bacteria 514 microbiologyiniow I · 15.1 II Cyanobacterial Diversity and Environmental Change 514 Ecological Diversity Among Microorganisms 515 Making Sense of Microbial Diversity 515 · 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 Ecological Diversity of Phototrophic Bacteria 516 Overview of Phototrophic Bacteria 516 Cyanobacteria 517 Purple Sulfur Bacteria 521 Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria and Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophs 523 Green Sulfur Bacteria 524 Green Nonsulfur Bacteria 526 Other Phototrophic Bacteria 527 III · Diversity of Bacteria Defined by Metabolic Traits 528 15.9 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 Diversity of
Nitrogen Fixers 528 Diversity of Nitrifiers and Denitrifiers 530 Dissimilative Sulfur- and Sulfate-Reducers 532 Dissimilative Sulfur-Oxidizers 534 Dissimilative Iron-Reducers 538 Dissimilative Iron-Oxidizers 539 Methanotrophs and Methylotrophs 540 IV · Morphologically and Ecologically Distinctive Bacteria 542 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 Microbial Predators 542 Spirochetes 544 Budding and Prosthecate/Stalked Bacteria 547 Sheathed Bacteria 550 Magnetic Microbes 551 VI · Fermentation 496 14.17 Energetic and Redox Considerations 496 14.18 Lactic and Mixed-Acid Fermentations 498 14.19 Fermentations of Obligate Anaerobes 500 14.20 Secondary Fermentations 502 14.21 Fermentations That Lack Substrate-Level Phosphorylation 503 14.22 Syntrophy 505 VII · Hydrocarbon Metabolism 507 14.23 Aerobic Hydrocarbon Metabolism 507 14.24 Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Metabolism 508 Phylogenetic Diversity of Bacteria 555 microbiologyiniow I · 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Bacterial Diversity and Human Health 555 Proteobacteria 556 Alphaproteobacteria 557 Betaproteobacteria 560 Gammaproteobacteria: Enterobacteriales 562 Gammaproteobacteria: Pseudomonadales and Vibrionales 564 Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria 565 29
30 CONTENTS Il · Firmiertes, Tenericutes, and Actinobactería 567 16.6 16.7 Firmicutes: Lactobacillales 567 Firmiertes: Nonsporulating Bacillales and Clostridiales 569 16.8 Firmicutes: Speculating Bacillales and Clostridiales 570 16.9 Tenericutes:The Mycoplasmas 571 16.10 Actinobactería: Coryneform and Propionic Acid Bacteria 572 16.11 Actinobactería: Mycobacterium 574 16.12 Filamentous Actinobactería: Streptomyces and Relatives 575 IV · Evolution and Life at High Temperature 614 17.12 17.13 17.14 An Upper Temperature Limit for Microbial Life 614 Molecular Adaptations to Life at High Temperature 616 Hyperthermophllic Archaea, H2, and Microbial Evolution 617 Diversity of Microbial Eukarya 621 microbiologyimow Coccolithophores, Engineers of Global Climate 621 III · Bacteroidetes 578 16.13 16.14 Bacteroidales 578 Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales 579 I IV · Chlamydiae, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia 580 18.1 18.2 Endosymbioses and the Eukaryotic Cell 622 Phylogenetic Lineages of Eukarya 624 16.15 16.16 16.17 Chlamydiae 580 Planctomycetes 582 Verrucomicrobia 583 II Protists 625 V Hyperthermophllic Bacteria 584 · 16.18 Thermotogae and Thermodesulfobacteria 584 16.19 Aquificae 585 VI · Other Bacteria 586 16.20 Deinococcus-Thermus 586 16.21 Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae 587 16.22 Other Notable Phyla of Bacteria 588 Diversity of Archaea 592 · · 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 Organelles and Phylogeny of Microbial Eukarya 622 Excavates 625 AJyeolata 627 Stramenopiles 629 Rhiza ria 631 Haptophytes 632 Amoebozoa 633 III · Fungi 635 18.9 Fungal Physiology,
Structure, and Symbioses 635 18.10 Fungal Reproduction and Phylogeny 637 18.11 Microsporidia and Chytridiomycota 638 18.12 Mucoromycota and Glomeromycota 639 18.13 Ascomycota 640 18.14 Basidiomycota 641 IV · Archaeplastida 642 MicROBiOLOGYNOW I · Methanogens and Global Climate Change 592 Euryarchaeota 594 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 Extremely Halophilic Archaea 594 Methanogenlc Archaea 597 Thermoplasmatales 601 Thermococcales and Archaeoglobales 602 II Thaumarchaeota and Cryptic Archaeal Phyla 603 · 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 Thaumarchaeota and Nitrification In Archaea 604 Nanoarchaeota and the Hospitable Fireball 605 Korarchaeota, the Secret Filament 606 Other Cryptic Archaeal Phyla 607 III · Crenarchaeota 608 17.9 Habitats and Energy Metabolism of Crenarchaeota 608 СлелзгсЛзеоѓз from Terrestrial Volcanic Habitats 610 Crenarchaeota from Submarine Volcanic Habitats 612 17.10 17.11 18.15 18.16 Red Algae 642 Green Algae 643 UNIT 5 Microbial Ecology and Environmental Microbiology Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems 648 MicROBiOLOGYNOW Touring Microbial Biogeography Using Combinatorial Imaging 648 I 19.1 · Culture-Dependent Analyses of Microbial Communities 649 Enrichment Culture Microbiology 649
CONTENTS 19.2 19.3 Classical Procedures for Isolating Microbes 653 Selective Single-Cell Isolation: Laser Tweezers, Flow Cytometry, Microfluidics, and High-Throughput Methods 654 20.14 The Deep Sea 718 20.15 Deep-Sea Sediments 721 20.16 Hydrothermal Vents 723 II · Culture-Independent Microscopic Analyses of Microbial Communities 656 19.4 19.5 Nutrient Cycles 72Ց General Staining Methods 656 Microscopic Specificity: Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) 658 microbiologynow III · Culture-Independent Molecular Analyses of Microbial Communities 661 19.6 19.7 19.8 PCR Methods of Microbial Community Analysis 662 Microarrays for Analysis of Microbial Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity 666 Environmental Multi-omlcs: Integration of Genomics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics 667 I · 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 19.10 19.11 19.12 Chemical Assays, Radioisotopic Methods, Microsensors, and Nanosensors 674 Stable Isotopes and Stable Isotope Probing 677 Linking Functions to Specific Organisms 679 Linking Genes and Cellular Properties to Individual Cells 682 Microbial Ecosystems 687 microbiologyimow I · 20.1 20.2 21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8 21.9 I 22.1 22.2 · 22.3 20.6 20.7 20.8 22.4 20.11 20.12 20.13 Freshwaters 705 Oxygen Relationships in the Marine Environment 707 Major Marine Phototrophs 710 Pelagic Bacteria and Archaea 713 Pelagic Marine Viruses 716 Sending Microbes to Clean Up after Polluters 754 Mineral Recovery and Acid Mine Drainage 755 Mining with Microorganisms 755 Acid Mine Drainage 757 II · Bioremediation 758 III · Terrestrial Environments 697 20.9 20.10 Mercury
Transformations 747 Human Impacts on the Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles 749 microbiologynow 20.3 20.4 20.5 IV · Aquatic Environments 705 The Iron and Manganese Cycles: Reductive Activities 738 The Iron and Manganese Cycles: Oxidative Activities 742 The Phosphorus, Calcium, and Silicon Cycles 744 Microbiology of the Built Environment 754 II · The Microbial Environment 690 Soils: General Properties 697 Prokaryotic Diversity in Soils 700 The Terrestrial Subsurface 702 The Carbon Cycle 730 Syntrophy and Methanogenesis 733 The Nitrogen Cycle 735 The Sulfur Cycle 737 Exptore the Microbial World Solving the Marine Methane Paradox 746 Microbial Ecology 688 Environments and Microenvironments 690 Surfaces and Biofilms 692 Microbial Mats 695 Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Cycles 730 III · Humans and Nutrient Cycling 746 Living on Fumes 687 General Ecological Concepts 688 Ecosystem Service: Biogeochemistry and Nutrient Cycles 689 An Uncertain Future for Coral Reef Ecosystems 729 II · Other Nutrient Cycles 738 IV · Measuring Microbial Activities in Nature 673 19.9 Յէ 22.5 Bioremediation of Uranium-Contaminated Environments 758 Bioremediation of Organic Pollutants: Hydrocarbons 759 Bloremediatlon and Microbial Degradation of Major Chemical Pollutants: Chlorinated Organics and Plastics 760 III · Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment 763 22.6 22.7 Primary and Secondary Wastewater Treatment 764 Tertiary Wastewater Treatment: Further Removal of Phosphorus and Nitrogen 766
32 CONTENTS 22.8 Sludge Processing and Contaminants of Emerging Concern 768 22.9 Drinking Water Purification and Stabilization 771 22.10 Water Distribution Systems 772 UNIT 6 IV · Indoor Microbiology and Microbially Influenced Corrosion 773 22.11 22.12 22.13 The Microbiology of Homes and Public Spaces 773 Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Metals 775 Biodeterioration of Stone and Concrete 776 Microbial Symbioses with Humans 819 MicROBiOLOGYNOw One of the Most Abundant Viruses on Earth Discovered First in the Human Viral Microbiome 819 I Microbial Symbioses with Microbes, Plants, and Animals 780 microbiologynow I · Coral Fluorescence Provides the Guiding Light for Their Symbiotic Algae 780 Symbioses Between Microorganisms 781 23.1 23.2 23.3 Lichens 781 Chlorochromatium aggregátum 782 Methanotrophic Consortia: Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer 784 II Plants as Microbial Habitats 785 · 23.4 23.5 23.6 The Legume-Root Nodule Symbiosis 785 Mycorrhizae 791 Agrobacterium and Crown Gall Disease 793 III · Insects as Microbial Habitats 795 23.7 23.8 23.9 Heritable Symbionts of Insects 795 Defensive Symbioses 798 Termites 799 IV · Other Invertebrates as Microbial Habitats 801 23.10 Bioluminescent Symbionts and the Squid Symbiosis 801 23.11 Marine Invertebrates at Hydrothermal Vents and Cold Seeps 805 23.12 Entomopathogenic Nematodes 806 23.13 Reef-Building Corals 807 V · · Explore the Microbial World Combating Mosquito-Borne Viral Diseases with an Insect Symbiont 797 Structure and Function of the Healthy Adult Gastrointestinal and Oral Microbiomes 820 24.1 24.2 24.3 Overview of
the Human Microbiome 820 Gastrointestinal Microbiota 821 Oral Cavity and Airways 827 II Urogenital Tract and Skin Microbiomes and the Human Viral Microbiome 830 · 24.4 24.5 24.6 Urogenital Tracts and Their Microbes 830 The Skin and Its Microbes 831 Tfíê Human Virome 833 III · From Birth to Death: Development of the Human Microbiome 836 24.7 24.8 Human Study Groups and Animal Models 836 Colonization, Succession, and Stability of the Gut Microbiota 837 IV · Disorders Attributed to the Human Microbiome 839 24.9 24.10 Syndromes Linked to the Gut Microbiota 840 Syndromes Linked to the Oral, Skin, and Vaginal Microbiota 843 V Modulation of the Human Microbiome 845 · 24.11 Antibiotics and the Human Microbiome 845 24.12 Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics 846 Explore the Microbial World The Gut-Brain Axis 826 Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis 850 Mammalian Gut Systems as Microbial Habitats 810 23.14 Alternative Mammalian Gut Systems 810 23.15 The Rumen and Rumen Activities 812 23.16 Rumen Microbes and Their Dynamic Relationships 813 Microbe-Human Interactions and the Immune System MicROBiOLOGYNOw Killing Pathogens on Contact 850 I · 25.1 25.2 Human-Pathogen Interactions 851 Microbial Adherence 851 Colonization and Invasion 853
CONTENTS 25.3 25.4 II · 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.8 Pathogenicity, Virulence, and Virulence Attenuation 855 Genetics of Virulence and the Compromised Host 856 II · 27.3 27.4 Enzymes and Toxins of Pathogenesis 858 Enzymes as Virulence Factors 858 AB-Туре Exotoxins 860 Cytolytic and Superantigen Exotoxins 863 Endotoxins 864 Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses 86Ց I · 27.5 27.6 IV · T Cells and Their Receptors 909 27.7 II Cells and Organs of the Immune System 872 The Blood and Lymphatic Systems 872 Leukocyte Production and Diversity 874 III · Phagocyte Response Mechanisms 876 26.5 26.6 26.7 T Cell Receptors: Proteins, Genes, and Diversity 910 T Cell Subsets andTheir Functions 913 Immune Disorders and Antimicrobial Therapy 919 Fundamentals of Host Defense 869 Basic Properties of the Immune System 869 Barriers to Pathogen Invasion 870 26.3 26.4 MHC Proteins and Their Functions 905 MHC Polymorphism, Polygeny, and Peptide Binding 907 Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer s: Evidence for Causation? 868 26.1 26.2 · Antibody Production and Structural Diversity 898 Antigen Binding and the Genetics of Antibody Diversity 902 III · The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) 905 27.8 MICROBIOLOGYNOW Antibodies 898 Pathogen Challenge and Phagocyte Recruitment 876 Pathogen Recognition and Phagocyte Signal Transduction 877 Phagocytosis and Phagocyte Inhibition 880 IV · Other Innate Host Defenses 882 26.8 Inflammation and Fever 882 26.9 The Complement System 884 26.10 Innate Defenses Against Viruses 887 Explore the Microbial World Pattern Recognition Receptors of Hydrothermal Vent Tube Worms
Facilitate Endosymbiosis 879 MICROBIOLOGYNOW I · 28.1 28.2 II · 28.3 28.4 Disorders and Deficiencies of the Immune System 920 Allergy, Hypersensitivity, and Autoimmunity 920 Superantigens and Immunodeficiency 923 Vaccines and Immunotherapy 925 Vaccination Against Infectious Diseases 925 Immunotherapy 928 III · Drug Treatments for Infectious Diseases 930 28.5 28.6 28.7 Antibacterial Drugs 930 Antimicrobial DrugsThatTarget Nonbacterial Pathogens 936 Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and NewTreatment Strategies 938 UNIT 7 Infectious Diseases Diagnosing Infectious Diseases 943 Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses 892 microbiologynow microbiologynow Controlling HIV through Public T Cell Receptors on CD4T Cells 892 I I · 27.1 27.2 · Principles of Adaptive Immunity 893 Specificity, Memory, Selection Processes, and Tolerance 893 Immunogens and Classes of Immunity 896 Preventing Autoimmunity with... Parasitic Worms? 919 29.1 29.2 Shedding New Light on Diagnosing Tuberculosis 943 Microbiology and the Healthcare Environment 944 The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory 944 Healthcare-Associated Infections 945 33
34 CONTENTS II · 29.3 29.4 Isolating and Characterizing Infectious Microorganisms Ց46 Workflow in the Clinical Laboratory 946 Choosing the Right Treatment 952 II · 31.6 31.7 31.8 Airborne Viral Diseases 995 MMR and Varicella-Zoster Infections 995 The Common Cold 997 Influenza 998 III · Immunological and Molecular Tools for Disease Diagnosis 954 III · Direct-Contact Bacterial and Viral Diseases 1000 29.5 29.6 31.9 Staphylococcus aureus Infections 1001 31.10 Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Diseases 1002 31.11 Hepatitis 1003 31.12 Ebola: A Deadly Threat 1005 29.7 29.8 Immunoassays and Disease 954 Precipitation, Agglutination, and Immunofluorescence 956 Enzyme Immunoassays, Rapid Tests, and Immunoblots 958 Nucleic Acid-Based Clinical Assays 961 Explore the Microbial World MRSA—A Formidable Clinical Challenge 948 Epidemiology and Public Health 965 microbiologynow 30.4 II Public and Global Health 973 · · 30.5 30.6 Public Health and Infectious Disease 973 Global Health Comparisons 975 III · Emerging Infectious Diseases, Pandemics, and Other Threats 976 30.7 30.8 30.9 Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases 976 Examples of Pandemics: HIV/AIDS, Cholera, and Influenza 979 Public Health Threats from Microbial Weapons 981 Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases ՑՑ6 MicROBiOLOGYNOW I · 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases 1019 A New Urgent Threat Is Emerging in Public Health Microbiology 965 Principles of Epidemiology 966 The Language of Epidemiology 966 The Host Community 968 Infectious Disease Transmission and Reservoirs 969
Characteristics of Disease Epidemics 971 I 30.1 30.2 30.3 IV · Sexually Transmitted Infections 1006 31.13 Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and Chlamydia 1007 31.14 Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 1011 31.15 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and AIDS 1012 Reversing Antibiotic Resistance in Recalcitrant Pathogen 986 microbiologynow 1 · Animal-Transmitted Viral Diseases 1020 32.1 32.2 Rabies Virus and Rabies 1020 Hantavirus and Hantavirus Syndromes 1022 II Arthropod-Transmitted Bacterial and Viral Diseases 1023 · 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.7 Rickettsial Diseases 1023 Lyme Disease and Borrelia 1025 Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever, Chikungunya, and Zika 1027 West Nile Fever 1029 Plague 1030 III · Soilborne Bacterial Diseases 1032 32.8 32.9 Anthrax 1032 Tetanus and Gas Gangrene 1033 Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases 1037 a Airborne Bacterial Diseases 987 Airborne Pathogens 987 Streptococcal Syndromes 988 Diphtheria and Pertussis 991 Tuberculosis and Leprosy 992 Meningitis and Meningococcemia 994 The Historical Emergence of an Ancient and Deadly Pathogen 1019 MicROBiOLOGYNOW I · 33.1 33.2 Reverse Zoonosis in the Southern Ocean 1037 Water as a Disease Vehicle 1038 Agents and Sources of Waterborne Diseases 1038 Public Health and Water Quality 1039
CONTENTS II · 33.3 33.4 33.5 Waterborne Diseases 1040 II Vibrio cholerae and Cholera 1040 Legionellosis 1042 Typhoid Fever and Norovirus Illness 1043 34.3 · 34.4 III · Food as a Disease Vehicle 1044 33.6 33.7 Food Spoilage and Food Preservation 1044 Foodborne Diseases and Food Epidemiology 1046 IV · Food Poisoning 1048 33.8 33.9 Staphylococcal Food Poisoning 1048 Clostridial Food Poisoning 1049 V Food Infection 1050 · 33.10 33.11 33.12 33.13 33.14 Salmonellosis 1050 Pathogenic Escherichia coli 1051 Campylobacter 1052 Listeriosis 1053 Other Foodborne Infectious Diseases 1054 Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoa, and Helminths 105Ց MiCROBiOLOGYNOW I · 34.1 34.2 A Silver Bullet to Kill Brain-Eating Amoebae? 1059 Fungal Infections 1060 Pathogenic Fungi and Classes of Infection 1060 Fungal Diseases: Mycoses 1062 Visceral Parasitic Infections 1064 Amoebae and Ciliates: Entamoeba, Naegleria, and Balantidium 1064 Other Visceral Parasites: Giardia, Trichomonas, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, and Cyclospora 1065 III · Blood and Tissue Parasitic Infections 1067 34.5 34.6 34.7 Plasmodium and Malaria 1067 Leishmaniasis, Trypanosomiasis, and Chagas Disease 1069 Parasitic Helminths: Schistosomiasis and Filariases 1070 Photo Credits 1075 Glossary Terms 1079 Index 1083 35
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Contents About the Authors 11 Preface 15 Acknowledgments 21 UNIT 1 The Foundations of Microbiology Microbial Cell Structure H MICROBIOLOGYNOW I The Microbial World microbiologynow I · 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 Exploring the Microbial World 38 Microorganisms, Tiny Titans of the Earth 38 Structure and Activities of Microbial Cells 39 Cell Size and Morphology 41 An Introduction to Microbial Life 46 Microorganisms and the Biosphere 48 The Impact of Microorganisms on Human Society 49 1.2 II Microbiology in Motion 37 · Microscopy and the Origins of Microbiology 54 Light Microscopy and the Discovery of Microorganisms 54 Improving Contrast in Light Microscopy 56 Imaging Cells in Three Dimensions 58 Probing Cell Structure: Electron Microscopy 59 and Function 74 · Exploring the Microbial Cell 74 The Cell Envelope 75 2.1 The 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Cytoplasmic Membrane 75 Transporting Nutrients into the Cell 78 The Cell Wall 80 LPS: The Outer Membrane 83 Diversity of Cell Envelope Structure 85 II Cell Surface Structures and Inclusions 87 · 2.6 2.7 2.8 Cell Surface Structures 87 Cell Inclusions 89 Endospores 91 III · Cell Locomotion 94 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 Flagella, Archaella, and Swimming Motility 94 Surface Motility 97 Chemotaxis 99 Other Forms of Taxis 101 IV « Eukaryotic Microbial Cells 102 2.13 2.14 2.15 The Nucleus and Cell Division 102 Mitochondria and Chloroplasts 104 Other Eukaryotic Cell Structures 106 Microbial Metabolism III · Microbial Cultivation Expands the Horizon of Microbiology 61 1.11 1.12 1.13 Pasteur and Spontaneous Generation 61 Koch, Infectious Diseases, and
Pure Cultures 63 Discovery of Microbial Diversity 65 IV « Molecular Biology and the Unity and Diversity of Life 67 1.14 1.15 Molecular Basis of Life 67 Woese and the Tree of Life 68 Explore the Microbial World Tiny Cells 45 microbiologynow I · Life Begins with Metabolism 111 Fundamentals of Metabolism 112 3.1 Defining the Requirements for Life 112 3.2 Electron Transfer Reactions 114 3.3 Calculating Changes in Free Energy 116 3.4 Cellular Energy Conservation 118 3.5 Catalysis and Enzymes 120 II 3.6 3.7 · Catabolism: Chemoorganotrophs 121 Glycolysis, the Citric Acid Cycle, and the Glyoxylate Cycle 122 Principles of Fermentation 124 25
26 CONTENTS 3.8 3.9 Principles of Respiration: Electron Carriers 125 Principles of Respiration: Generating a Proton Motive Force 127 III · Catabolism: Electron Transport and Metabolic Diversity 130 3.10 3.11 Anaerobic Respiration and Metabolic Modularity 130 Chemolithotrophy and Phototrophy 132 Viruses and Their И MiCROBiOLOGYNOW IV · Biosynthesis 134 I 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 5.1 5.2 5.3 Autotrophy and Nitrogen Fixation 134 Sugars and Polysaccharides 137 Amino Acids and Nucleotides 138 Fatty Acids and Lipids 139 Microbial Growth И and Its Control 144 MiCROBiOLOGYNOW I · Growing Their Own Way 144 II · Dynamics of Microbial Growth 154 II Steps in the Replication Cycle 191 Bacteriophage T4: A Model Lytic Virus 192 Temperate Bacteriophages and Lysogeny 195 An Overview of Viruses of Eukaryotes 195 I 6.3 6.4 4.11 4.12 4.13 Temperature Classes of Microorganisms 162 Microbial Life in the Cold 163 Microbial Life at High Temperatures 165 4.14 4.15 4.16 Effects of pH on Microbial Growth 168 Osmolarity and Microbial Growth 169 Oxygen and Microbial Growth 171 V Controlling Microbial Growth 173 General Principles and Microbial Growth Control by Heat 174 Other Physical Control Methods: Radiation and Filtration 175 Chemical Control of Microbial Growth 177 Molecular Biology and Genetics and Protein Processing 20Ί MiCROBiOLOGYNOW Environmental Effects on Growth: Temperature 162 4.19 Overview of the Viral Replication Cycle 191 И III · 4.18 · Molecular Information Flow 6.1 6.2 4.17 The Nature of Viruses 185 UNIT 2 Binary Fission and the Microbial Growth Cycle 154 Quantitative Aspects of Microbial
Growth 156 Continuous Culture 158 Biofilm Growth 159 Alternatives to Binary Fission 160 IV · Environmental Effects on Growth: pH, Osmolarity, and Oxygen 167 When Antibiotics Fail, Bacteriophage Therapy to the Rescue 184 What Is a Virus? 185 Structure of the Virion 187 Culturing, Detecting, and Counting Viruses 189 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 · · Culturing Microbes and Measuring Their Growth 145 4.1 Feeding the Microbe: Cell Nutrition 145 4.2 Growth Media and Laboratory Culture 147 4.3 Microscopic Counts of Microbial Cell Numbers 150 4.4 Viable Counting of Microbial Cell Numbers 151 4.5 Turbidimetric Measures of Microbial Cell Numbers 153 Multiplication Ί84 · Injectisomes: Salmonella's Mode of Attack 201 Molecular Biology and Genetic Elements 202 DNA and Genetic Information Flow 202 Genetic Elements: Chromosomes and Plasmids 205 II · Copying the Genetic Blueprint: DNA Replication 208 Templates, Enzymes, and the Replication Fork 208 Bidirectional Replication, the Replisome, and Proofreading 211 III · RNA Synthesis: Transcription 213 6.5 6.6 Transcription in Bacteria 213 Transcription in Archaea and Eukarya 217 IV · Protein Synthesis: Translation 219 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 V · 6.11 6.12 6.13 Amino Acids, Polypeptides, and Proteins 219 Transfer RNA 222 Translation and the Genetic Code 223 The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis 225 Protein Processing, Secretion, and Targeting 228 Assisted Protein Folding and Chaperones 228 Protein Secretion: The Sec and Tat Systems 229 Protein Secretion: Gram-Negative Systems 230
CONTENTS Ш · Antibiotics and Microbial Growth 291 Microbial Regulatory 8.11 Antibiotic Targets and Antibiotic Resistance 291 Systems 236 As Bacterial Cells Chatter, 8.12 Persistence and Dormancy 293 И microbiologynow Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea 2Ց7 Viruses Eavesdrop 236 I · 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 DNA-Binding Proteins and Transcriptional Regulation 237 DNA-Binding Proteins 237 Transcription Factors and Effectors 238 Repression and Activation 240 Transcription Controls in Archaea 243 II · 7.5 7.6 7.7 Sensing and Signal Transduction 245 Two-Component Regulatory Systems 245 Regulation of Chemotaxis 246 Cell-to-Cell Signaling 249 III · Global Control 251 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 The lac Operon 252 Stringent and General Stress Responses 254 The Phosphate (Pho) Regulon 256 The Heat Shock Response 257 IV · RNA-Based Regulation 258 7.12 7.13 7.14 V Regulatory RNAs 259 Riboswitches 260 Attenuation 262 · 7.15 7.16 Regulation of Enzymes and Other Proteins 263 Feedback Inhibition 264 Post-Translational Regulation 264 MICROBIOLOGYNOW I · 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 II I · · 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 II 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 Visualizing Molecular Growth 271 Chromosome Replication and Segregation 272 Cell Division and Fts Proteins 275 Determinants of Cell Morphology 277 Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis 279 · Gene Transfer in Bacteria 306 Genetic Recombination 307 Transformation 309 Transduction 311 Conjugation 314 The Formation of Hfr Strains and Chromosome Mobilization 315 III · Gene Transfer in Archaea and Other Genetic Events 318 9.10 9.11 9.12 Horizontal Gene Transfer in Archaea 318 Mobile DNA:
Transposable Elements 320 Preserving Genomic Integrity and CRISPR 322 UNIT 3 Genomics, Synthetic Biology, and Evolution Microbial Genomics and Other Omics 328 Membrane Vesicles: Nano Vehicles Transporting Important Cargo 270 Bacterial Cell Division 271 Mutation 299 Mutations and Mutants 299 Molecular Basis of Mutation 301 Reversions and Mutation Rates 303 Mutagenesis 304 Molecular Aspects of Microbial Growth 270 MICROBIOLOGYNOW Live Cell Imaging Captures Bacterial Promiscuity 297 MICROBIOLOGYNOW 1 · Omics Tools Unravel Mysteries of "Fettuccine" Rocks 328 Genomics 329 Regulation of Development in Model Bacteria 282 10.4 Introduction to Genomics 329 Sequencing and Annotating Genomes 331 Genome Size and Gene Content in Bacteria and Archaea 334 Organelle and Eukaryotic Microbial Genomes 338 Regulation of Endospore Formation 282 Regulation of Endospore Germination 283 Caulobacter Differentiation 284 Heterocyst Formation in Anabaena 286 Biofilm Formation 287 II Functional Omics 341 10.1 10.2 10.3 · 10.5 10.6 Functional Genomics 341 High-Throughput Functional Gene Analysis: Tn-Seq 344 27
28 CONTENTS 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 Metagenomics 344 Gene Chips and Transcriptomics 347 Proteomics and the Interactome 350 Metabolomics 352 12.3 12.4 12.5 Expressing Foreign Genes in Bacteria 398 Molecular Methods for Mutagenesis 400 Reporter Genes and Gene Fusions 401 III · Systems Biology 353 10.11 10.12 10.13 Single-Cell Genomics 354 Integrating Mycobacterium tuberculosis Omlcs 355 Systems Biology and Human Health 357 Explore the Microbial World DNA Sequencing in the Palm of Your Hand 336 II · 12.6 12.7 12.8 •Viral Genomics and Diversity 361 MicROBioiOGYNOW Bacteriophages Mimicking Eukaryotes— Discovery of a Phage-Encoded Nucleus and Spindle 361 I · 11.1 11.2 II Viral Genomes and Classification 362 Size and Structure of Viral Genomes 362 Viral Taxonomy and Phylogeny 364 · 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 12.9 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 Single-Stranded DNA Bacteriophages: ψΧ174 and M13 366 Double-Stranded DNA Bacteriophages: T4,T7, and Lambda 368 Viruses of Archaea 371 Uniquely Replicating DNA Animal Viruses 374 DNA Tumor Viruses 375 Positive-Strand RNA Viruses 377 Negative-Strand RNA Animal Viruses 379 Double-Stranded RNA Viruses 381 Viruses That Use Reverse Transcriptase 382 Viroids 385 Prions 386 Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology ՅՑ0 microbiologynow I · 12.1 12.2 Synthetic Metabolic Pathways, Biosensors, and Genetic Circuits 416 Synthetic Cells 419 Genome Editing and CRISPRs 420 Biõcontainment of Genetically Modified Organisms 424 DNA Viruses 366 IV · Subviral Agents 385 11.12 11.13 Somatotropin and Other Mammalian Proteins 403 Transgenic Organisms in Agriculture and
Aquaculture 405 Engineered Vaccines and Therapeutic Agents 407 Mining Genomes and Engineering Pathways 411 Engineering Biofuels 413 III · Synthetic Biology and Genome Editing 415 Microbial Evolution and Genome Dynamics 428 microbiologynow I · III · RNA Viruses 377 11.8 11.9 11.10 11.11 Making Products from Genetically Engineered Microbes: Biotechnology 403 An Ingestible Biosensor: Using Bacteria to Monitor Gastrointestinal Health 390 Tools of the Genetic Engineer 391 Manipulating DNA: PCR and Nucleic Acid Hybridization 391 Molecular Cloning 394 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 II · Exploring Viral Genesis 428 Early Earth and the Origin and Diversification of Life 429 Formation and Early History of Earth 429 Photosynthesis and the Oxidation of Earth 432 Living Fossils: DNA Records the History of Life 434 Endosymbiotic Origin of Eukaryotes 435 Viral Evolution 438 Mechanisms of Microbial Evolution 439 13.6 13.7 13.8 The Evolutionary Process 439 Experimental Evolution 441 Gene Families, Duplications, and Deletions 443 13.9 Horizontal Gene Transfer 445 13.10 The Evolution of Microbial Genomes 446 III · Microbial Phylogeny and Systematics 448 13.11 13.12 Molecular Phylogeny: Making Sense of Molecular Sequences 448 Microbial Systematics 452
CONTENTS UNIT 4 Microbial Diversity Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms 460 MiCROBioLOGYNOW Ferreting Out the Peculiar Lile of Iron Bacteria 460 I · 14.1 Introduction to Metabolic Diversity 461 14.2 Foundational Principles of Metabolic Diversity: Energy and Redox 461 Autotrophic Pathways 464 II · Phototrophy 466 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 Photosynthesis and Chlorophylls 466 Carotenoids and Phycobilins 470 Anoxygenic Photosynthesis 471 Oxygenic Photosynthesis 474 III · Respiratory Processes Defined by Electron Donor 476 14.7 14.8 14.9 14.10 Oxidation of Sulfur Compounds 476 Iron (Fe2+) Oxidation 478 Nitrification 479 Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation (Anammox) 481 IV · Respiratory Processes Defined by Electron Acceptor 482 14.11 14.12 14.13 Nitrate Reduction and Denitrification 482 Sulfate and Sulfur Reduction 484 Other Electron Acceptors 486 V One-Carbon (Cļ) Metabolism 488 · 14.14 14.15 14.16 Acetogenesis 488 Methanogenesis 490 Methanotrophy 494 Ecological Diversity of Bacteria 514 microbiologyiniow I · 15.1 II Cyanobacterial Diversity and Environmental Change 514 Ecological Diversity Among Microorganisms 515 Making Sense of Microbial Diversity 515 · 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 Ecological Diversity of Phototrophic Bacteria 516 Overview of Phototrophic Bacteria 516 Cyanobacteria 517 Purple Sulfur Bacteria 521 Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria and Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophs 523 Green Sulfur Bacteria 524 Green Nonsulfur Bacteria 526 Other Phototrophic Bacteria 527 III · Diversity of Bacteria Defined by Metabolic Traits 528 15.9 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 Diversity of
Nitrogen Fixers 528 Diversity of Nitrifiers and Denitrifiers 530 Dissimilative Sulfur- and Sulfate-Reducers 532 Dissimilative Sulfur-Oxidizers 534 Dissimilative Iron-Reducers 538 Dissimilative Iron-Oxidizers 539 Methanotrophs and Methylotrophs 540 IV · Morphologically and Ecologically Distinctive Bacteria 542 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 Microbial Predators 542 Spirochetes 544 Budding and Prosthecate/Stalked Bacteria 547 Sheathed Bacteria 550 Magnetic Microbes 551 VI · Fermentation 496 14.17 Energetic and Redox Considerations 496 14.18 Lactic and Mixed-Acid Fermentations 498 14.19 Fermentations of Obligate Anaerobes 500 14.20 Secondary Fermentations 502 14.21 Fermentations That Lack Substrate-Level Phosphorylation 503 14.22 Syntrophy 505 VII · Hydrocarbon Metabolism 507 14.23 Aerobic Hydrocarbon Metabolism 507 14.24 Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Metabolism 508 Phylogenetic Diversity of Bacteria 555 microbiologyiniow I · 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Bacterial Diversity and Human Health 555 Proteobacteria 556 Alphaproteobacteria 557 Betaproteobacteria 560 Gammaproteobacteria: Enterobacteriales 562 Gammaproteobacteria: Pseudomonadales and Vibrionales 564 Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria 565 29
30 CONTENTS Il · Firmiertes, Tenericutes, and Actinobactería 567 16.6 16.7 Firmicutes: Lactobacillales 567 Firmiertes: Nonsporulating Bacillales and Clostridiales 569 16.8 Firmicutes: Speculating Bacillales and Clostridiales 570 16.9 Tenericutes:The Mycoplasmas 571 16.10 Actinobactería: Coryneform and Propionic Acid Bacteria 572 16.11 Actinobactería: Mycobacterium 574 16.12 Filamentous Actinobactería: Streptomyces and Relatives 575 IV · Evolution and Life at High Temperature 614 17.12 17.13 17.14 An Upper Temperature Limit for Microbial Life 614 Molecular Adaptations to Life at High Temperature 616 Hyperthermophllic Archaea, H2, and Microbial Evolution 617 Diversity of Microbial Eukarya 621 microbiologyimow Coccolithophores, Engineers of Global Climate 621 III · Bacteroidetes 578 16.13 16.14 Bacteroidales 578 Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales 579 I IV · Chlamydiae, Planctomycetes, and Verrucomicrobia 580 18.1 18.2 Endosymbioses and the Eukaryotic Cell 622 Phylogenetic Lineages of Eukarya 624 16.15 16.16 16.17 Chlamydiae 580 Planctomycetes 582 Verrucomicrobia 583 II Protists 625 V Hyperthermophllic Bacteria 584 · 16.18 Thermotogae and Thermodesulfobacteria 584 16.19 Aquificae 585 VI · Other Bacteria 586 16.20 Deinococcus-Thermus 586 16.21 Acidobacteria and Nitrospirae 587 16.22 Other Notable Phyla of Bacteria 588 Diversity of Archaea 592 · · 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 Organelles and Phylogeny of Microbial Eukarya 622 Excavates 625 AJyeolata 627 Stramenopiles 629 Rhiza ria 631 Haptophytes 632 Amoebozoa 633 III · Fungi 635 18.9 Fungal Physiology,
Structure, and Symbioses 635 18.10 Fungal Reproduction and Phylogeny 637 18.11 Microsporidia and Chytridiomycota 638 18.12 Mucoromycota and Glomeromycota 639 18.13 Ascomycota 640 18.14 Basidiomycota 641 IV · Archaeplastida 642 MicROBiOLOGYNOW I · Methanogens and Global Climate Change 592 Euryarchaeota 594 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 Extremely Halophilic Archaea 594 Methanogenlc Archaea 597 Thermoplasmatales 601 Thermococcales and Archaeoglobales 602 II Thaumarchaeota and Cryptic Archaeal Phyla 603 · 17.5 17.6 17.7 17.8 Thaumarchaeota and Nitrification In Archaea 604 Nanoarchaeota and the "Hospitable Fireball" 605 Korarchaeota, the "Secret Filament" 606 Other Cryptic Archaeal Phyla 607 III · Crenarchaeota 608 17.9 Habitats and Energy Metabolism of Crenarchaeota 608 СлелзгсЛзеоѓз from Terrestrial Volcanic Habitats 610 Crenarchaeota from Submarine Volcanic Habitats 612 17.10 17.11 18.15 18.16 Red Algae 642 Green Algae 643 UNIT 5 Microbial Ecology and Environmental Microbiology Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems 648 MicROBiOLOGYNOW Touring Microbial Biogeography Using Combinatorial Imaging 648 I 19.1 · Culture-Dependent Analyses of Microbial Communities 649 Enrichment Culture Microbiology 649
CONTENTS 19.2 19.3 Classical Procedures for Isolating Microbes 653 Selective Single-Cell Isolation: Laser Tweezers, Flow Cytometry, Microfluidics, and High-Throughput Methods 654 20.14 The Deep Sea 718 20.15 Deep-Sea Sediments 721 20.16 Hydrothermal Vents 723 II · Culture-Independent Microscopic Analyses of Microbial Communities 656 19.4 19.5 Nutrient Cycles 72Ց General Staining Methods 656 Microscopic Specificity: Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) 658 microbiologynow III · Culture-Independent Molecular Analyses of Microbial Communities 661 19.6 19.7 19.8 PCR Methods of Microbial Community Analysis 662 Microarrays for Analysis of Microbial Phylogenetic and Functional Diversity 666 Environmental Multi-omlcs: Integration of Genomics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics 667 I · 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 19.10 19.11 19.12 Chemical Assays, Radioisotopic Methods, Microsensors, and Nanosensors 674 Stable Isotopes and Stable Isotope Probing 677 Linking Functions to Specific Organisms 679 Linking Genes and Cellular Properties to Individual Cells 682 Microbial Ecosystems 687 microbiologyimow I · 20.1 20.2 21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8 21.9 I 22.1 22.2 · 22.3 20.6 20.7 20.8 22.4 20.11 20.12 20.13 Freshwaters 705 Oxygen Relationships in the Marine Environment 707 Major Marine Phototrophs 710 Pelagic Bacteria and Archaea 713 Pelagic Marine Viruses 716 Sending Microbes to Clean Up after Polluters 754 Mineral Recovery and Acid Mine Drainage 755 Mining with Microorganisms 755 Acid Mine Drainage 757 II · Bioremediation 758 III · Terrestrial Environments 697 20.9 20.10 Mercury
Transformations 747 Human Impacts on the Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles 749 microbiologynow 20.3 20.4 20.5 IV · Aquatic Environments 705 The Iron and Manganese Cycles: Reductive Activities 738 The Iron and Manganese Cycles: Oxidative Activities 742 The Phosphorus, Calcium, and Silicon Cycles 744 Microbiology of the Built Environment 754 II · The Microbial Environment 690 Soils: General Properties 697 Prokaryotic Diversity in Soils 700 The Terrestrial Subsurface 702 The Carbon Cycle 730 Syntrophy and Methanogenesis 733 The Nitrogen Cycle 735 The Sulfur Cycle 737 Exptore the Microbial World Solving the Marine Methane Paradox 746 Microbial Ecology 688 Environments and Microenvironments 690 Surfaces and Biofilms 692 Microbial Mats 695 Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur Cycles 730 III · Humans and Nutrient Cycling 746 Living on Fumes 687 General Ecological Concepts 688 Ecosystem Service: Biogeochemistry and Nutrient Cycles 689 An Uncertain Future for Coral Reef Ecosystems 729 II · Other Nutrient Cycles 738 IV · Measuring Microbial Activities in Nature 673 19.9 Յէ 22.5 Bioremediation of Uranium-Contaminated Environments 758 Bioremediation of Organic Pollutants: Hydrocarbons 759 Bloremediatlon and Microbial Degradation of Major Chemical Pollutants: Chlorinated Organics and Plastics 760 III · Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment 763 22.6 22.7 Primary and Secondary Wastewater Treatment 764 Tertiary Wastewater Treatment: Further Removal of Phosphorus and Nitrogen 766
32 CONTENTS 22.8 Sludge Processing and Contaminants of Emerging Concern 768 22.9 Drinking Water Purification and Stabilization 771 22.10 Water Distribution Systems 772 UNIT 6 IV · Indoor Microbiology and Microbially Influenced Corrosion 773 22.11 22.12 22.13 The Microbiology of Homes and Public Spaces 773 Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Metals 775 Biodeterioration of Stone and Concrete 776 Microbial Symbioses with Humans 819 MicROBiOLOGYNOw One of the Most Abundant Viruses on Earth Discovered First in the Human Viral Microbiome 819 I Microbial Symbioses with Microbes, Plants, and Animals 780 microbiologynow I · Coral Fluorescence Provides the Guiding Light for Their Symbiotic Algae 780 Symbioses Between Microorganisms 781 23.1 23.2 23.3 Lichens 781 "Chlorochromatium aggregátum " 782 Methanotrophic Consortia: Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer 784 II Plants as Microbial Habitats 785 · 23.4 23.5 23.6 The Legume-Root Nodule Symbiosis 785 Mycorrhizae 791 Agrobacterium and Crown Gall Disease 793 III · Insects as Microbial Habitats 795 23.7 23.8 23.9 Heritable Symbionts of Insects 795 Defensive Symbioses 798 Termites 799 IV · Other Invertebrates as Microbial Habitats 801 23.10 Bioluminescent Symbionts and the Squid Symbiosis 801 23.11 Marine Invertebrates at Hydrothermal Vents and Cold Seeps 805 23.12 Entomopathogenic Nematodes 806 23.13 Reef-Building Corals 807 V · · Explore the Microbial World Combating Mosquito-Borne Viral Diseases with an Insect Symbiont 797 Structure and Function of the Healthy Adult Gastrointestinal and Oral Microbiomes 820 24.1 24.2 24.3 Overview of
the Human Microbiome 820 Gastrointestinal Microbiota 821 Oral Cavity and Airways 827 II Urogenital Tract and Skin Microbiomes and the Human Viral Microbiome 830 · 24.4 24.5 24.6 Urogenital Tracts and Their Microbes 830 The Skin and Its Microbes 831 Tfíê Human Virome 833 III · From Birth to Death: Development of the Human Microbiome 836 24.7 24.8 Human Study Groups and Animal Models 836 Colonization, Succession, and Stability of the Gut Microbiota 837 IV · Disorders Attributed to the Human Microbiome 839 24.9 24.10 Syndromes Linked to the Gut Microbiota 840 Syndromes Linked to the Oral, Skin, and Vaginal Microbiota 843 V Modulation of the Human Microbiome 845 · 24.11 Antibiotics and the Human Microbiome 845 24.12 Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics 846 Explore the Microbial World The Gut-Brain Axis 826 Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis 850 Mammalian Gut Systems as Microbial Habitats 810 23.14 Alternative Mammalian Gut Systems 810 23.15 The Rumen and Rumen Activities 812 23.16 Rumen Microbes and Their Dynamic Relationships 813 Microbe-Human Interactions and the Immune System MicROBiOLOGYNOw Killing Pathogens on Contact 850 I · 25.1 25.2 Human-Pathogen Interactions 851 Microbial Adherence 851 Colonization and Invasion 853
CONTENTS 25.3 25.4 II · 25.5 25.6 25.7 25.8 Pathogenicity, Virulence, and Virulence Attenuation 855 Genetics of Virulence and the Compromised Host 856 II · 27.3 27.4 Enzymes and Toxins of Pathogenesis 858 Enzymes as Virulence Factors 858 AB-Туре Exotoxins 860 Cytolytic and Superantigen Exotoxins 863 Endotoxins 864 Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses 86Ց I · 27.5 27.6 IV · T Cells and Their Receptors 909 27.7 II Cells and Organs of the Immune System 872 The Blood and Lymphatic Systems 872 Leukocyte Production and Diversity 874 III · Phagocyte Response Mechanisms 876 26.5 26.6 26.7 T Cell Receptors: Proteins, Genes, and Diversity 910 T Cell Subsets andTheir Functions 913 Immune Disorders and Antimicrobial Therapy 919 Fundamentals of Host Defense 869 Basic Properties of the Immune System 869 Barriers to Pathogen Invasion 870 26.3 26.4 MHC Proteins and Their Functions 905 MHC Polymorphism, Polygeny, and Peptide Binding 907 Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer's: Evidence for Causation? 868 26.1 26.2 · Antibody Production and Structural Diversity 898 Antigen Binding and the Genetics of Antibody Diversity 902 III · The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) 905 27.8 MICROBIOLOGYNOW Antibodies 898 Pathogen Challenge and Phagocyte Recruitment 876 Pathogen Recognition and Phagocyte Signal Transduction 877 Phagocytosis and Phagocyte Inhibition 880 IV · Other Innate Host Defenses 882 26.8 Inflammation and Fever 882 26.9 The Complement System 884 26.10 Innate Defenses Against Viruses 887 Explore the Microbial World Pattern Recognition Receptors of Hydrothermal Vent Tube Worms
Facilitate Endosymbiosis 879 MICROBIOLOGYNOW I · 28.1 28.2 II · 28.3 28.4 Disorders and Deficiencies of the Immune System 920 Allergy, Hypersensitivity, and Autoimmunity 920 Superantigens and Immunodeficiency 923 Vaccines and Immunotherapy 925 Vaccination Against Infectious Diseases 925 Immunotherapy 928 III · Drug Treatments for Infectious Diseases 930 28.5 28.6 28.7 Antibacterial Drugs 930 Antimicrobial DrugsThatTarget Nonbacterial Pathogens 936 Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and NewTreatment Strategies 938 UNIT 7 Infectious Diseases Diagnosing Infectious Diseases 943 Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses 892 microbiologynow microbiologynow Controlling HIV through "Public" T Cell Receptors on CD4T Cells 892 I I · 27.1 27.2 · Principles of Adaptive Immunity 893 Specificity, Memory, Selection Processes, and Tolerance 893 Immunogens and Classes of Immunity 896 Preventing Autoimmunity with. Parasitic Worms? 919 29.1 29.2 Shedding New Light on Diagnosing Tuberculosis 943 Microbiology and the Healthcare Environment 944 The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory 944 Healthcare-Associated Infections 945 33
34 CONTENTS II · 29.3 29.4 Isolating and Characterizing Infectious Microorganisms Ց46 Workflow in the Clinical Laboratory 946 Choosing the Right Treatment 952 II · 31.6 31.7 31.8 Airborne Viral Diseases 995 MMR and Varicella-Zoster Infections 995 The Common Cold 997 Influenza 998 III · Immunological and Molecular Tools for Disease Diagnosis 954 III · Direct-Contact Bacterial and Viral Diseases 1000 29.5 29.6 31.9 Staphylococcus aureus Infections 1001 31.10 Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Diseases 1002 31.11 Hepatitis 1003 31.12 Ebola: A Deadly Threat 1005 29.7 29.8 Immunoassays and Disease 954 Precipitation, Agglutination, and Immunofluorescence 956 Enzyme Immunoassays, Rapid Tests, and Immunoblots 958 Nucleic Acid-Based Clinical Assays 961 Explore the Microbial World MRSA—A Formidable Clinical Challenge 948 Epidemiology and Public Health 965 microbiologynow 30.4 II Public and Global Health 973 · · 30.5 30.6 Public Health and Infectious Disease 973 Global Health Comparisons 975 III · Emerging Infectious Diseases, Pandemics, and Other Threats 976 30.7 30.8 30.9 Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases 976 Examples of Pandemics: HIV/AIDS, Cholera, and Influenza 979 Public Health Threats from Microbial Weapons 981 Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases ՑՑ6 MicROBiOLOGYNOW I · 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.4 31.5 Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases 1019 A New Urgent Threat Is Emerging in Public Health Microbiology 965 Principles of Epidemiology 966 The Language of Epidemiology 966 The Host Community 968 Infectious Disease Transmission and Reservoirs 969
Characteristics of Disease Epidemics 971 I 30.1 30.2 30.3 IV · Sexually Transmitted Infections 1006 31.13 Gonorrhea, Syphilis, and Chlamydia 1007 31.14 Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 1011 31.15 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and AIDS 1012 Reversing Antibiotic Resistance in Recalcitrant Pathogen 986 microbiologynow 1 · Animal-Transmitted Viral Diseases 1020 32.1 32.2 Rabies Virus and Rabies 1020 Hantavirus and Hantavirus Syndromes 1022 II Arthropod-Transmitted Bacterial and Viral Diseases 1023 · 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.7 Rickettsial Diseases 1023 Lyme Disease and Borrelia 1025 Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever, Chikungunya, and Zika 1027 West Nile Fever 1029 Plague 1030 III · Soilborne Bacterial Diseases 1032 32.8 32.9 Anthrax 1032 Tetanus and Gas Gangrene 1033 Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases 1037 a Airborne Bacterial Diseases 987 Airborne Pathogens 987 Streptococcal Syndromes 988 Diphtheria and Pertussis 991 Tuberculosis and Leprosy 992 Meningitis and Meningococcemia 994 The Historical Emergence of an Ancient and Deadly Pathogen 1019 MicROBiOLOGYNOW I · 33.1 33.2 Reverse Zoonosis in the Southern Ocean 1037 Water as a Disease Vehicle 1038 Agents and Sources of Waterborne Diseases 1038 Public Health and Water Quality 1039
CONTENTS II · 33.3 33.4 33.5 Waterborne Diseases 1040 II Vibrio cholerae and Cholera 1040 Legionellosis 1042 Typhoid Fever and Norovirus Illness 1043 34.3 · 34.4 III · Food as a Disease Vehicle 1044 33.6 33.7 Food Spoilage and Food Preservation 1044 Foodborne Diseases and Food Epidemiology 1046 IV · Food Poisoning 1048 33.8 33.9 Staphylococcal Food Poisoning 1048 Clostridial Food Poisoning 1049 V Food Infection 1050 · 33.10 33.11 33.12 33.13 33.14 Salmonellosis 1050 Pathogenic Escherichia coli 1051 Campylobacter 1052 Listeriosis 1053 Other Foodborne Infectious Diseases 1054 Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoa, and Helminths 105Ց MiCROBiOLOGYNOW I · 34.1 34.2 A Silver Bullet to Kill Brain-Eating Amoebae? 1059 Fungal Infections 1060 Pathogenic Fungi and Classes of Infection 1060 Fungal Diseases: Mycoses 1062 Visceral Parasitic Infections 1064 Amoebae and Ciliates: Entamoeba, Naegleria, and Balantidium 1064 Other Visceral Parasites: Giardia, Trichomonas, Cryptosporidium, Toxoplasma, and Cyclospora 1065 III · Blood and Tissue Parasitic Infections 1067 34.5 34.6 34.7 Plasmodium and Malaria 1067 Leishmaniasis, Trypanosomiasis, and Chagas Disease 1069 Parasitic Helminths: Schistosomiasis and Filariases 1070 Photo Credits 1075 Glossary Terms 1079 Index 1083 35 |
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| author | Madigan, Michael T. 1949- Bender, Kelly S. 1977- Buckley, Daniel H. 1972- Sattley, W. Matthew 1975- Stahl, David A. |
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| author_facet | Madigan, Michael T. 1949- Bender, Kelly S. 1977- Buckley, Daniel H. 1972- Sattley, W. Matthew 1975- Stahl, David A. |
| author_role | aut aut aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Madigan, Michael T. 1949- |
| author_variant | m t m mt mtm k s b ks ksb d h b dh dhb w m s wm wms d a s da das |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1264257564 (DE-599)BVBBV047300651 |
| discipline | Biologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Biologie |
| edition | Sixteenth edition, global edition |
| format | Book |
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| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV047300651 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T17:23:21Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:08:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781292404790 1292404795 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032703819 |
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| physical | 1124 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2022 |
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| publisher | Pearson |
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| spelling | Madigan, Michael T. 1949- Verfasser (DE-588)122334507 aut Brock biology of microorganisms Michael T. Madigan (Southern Illinois University Carbondale), Kelly S. Bender (Southern Illinois University Carbondale), Daniel H. Buckley (Cornell University), W. Matthew Sattley (Indiana Wesleyan University), David A. Stahl (University of Washington Seattle) Biology of microorganisms Microorganisms Sixteenth edition, global edition Harlow, UK Pearson [2022] © 2022 1124 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Auf der Rückseite der Titelseite: "Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled 'Brock biology of microorganisms', 16th Edition, ISBN 978-0-13-487440-1 by Michael T. Madigan [...] published by Pearson Education © 2021." Lehrbuch (DE-588)4123623-3 gnd rswk-swf Mikrobiologe (DE-588)4039199-1 gnd rswk-swf Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd rswk-swf Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Mikrobiologe (DE-588)4039199-1 s Lehrbuch (DE-588)4123623-3 s DE-604 Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 s Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 s Bender, Kelly S. 1977- Verfasser (DE-588)1139784102 aut Buckley, Daniel H. 1972- Verfasser (DE-588)1139784366 aut Sattley, W. Matthew 1975- Verfasser (DE-588)1139784471 aut Stahl, David A. Verfasser (DE-588)112193711X aut Brock, Thomas D. 1926-2021 Begründer eines Werks (DE-588)136686982 oth Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-292-40506-3 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032703819&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Madigan, Michael T. 1949- Bender, Kelly S. 1977- Buckley, Daniel H. 1972- Sattley, W. Matthew 1975- Stahl, David A. Brock biology of microorganisms Lehrbuch (DE-588)4123623-3 gnd Mikrobiologe (DE-588)4039199-1 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4123623-3 (DE-588)4039199-1 (DE-588)4006851-1 (DE-588)4039226-0 |
| title | Brock biology of microorganisms |
| title_alt | Biology of microorganisms Microorganisms |
| title_auth | Brock biology of microorganisms |
| title_exact_search | Brock biology of microorganisms |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Brock biology of microorganisms |
| title_full | Brock biology of microorganisms Michael T. Madigan (Southern Illinois University Carbondale), Kelly S. Bender (Southern Illinois University Carbondale), Daniel H. Buckley (Cornell University), W. Matthew Sattley (Indiana Wesleyan University), David A. Stahl (University of Washington Seattle) |
| title_fullStr | Brock biology of microorganisms Michael T. Madigan (Southern Illinois University Carbondale), Kelly S. Bender (Southern Illinois University Carbondale), Daniel H. Buckley (Cornell University), W. Matthew Sattley (Indiana Wesleyan University), David A. Stahl (University of Washington Seattle) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brock biology of microorganisms Michael T. Madigan (Southern Illinois University Carbondale), Kelly S. Bender (Southern Illinois University Carbondale), Daniel H. Buckley (Cornell University), W. Matthew Sattley (Indiana Wesleyan University), David A. Stahl (University of Washington Seattle) |
| title_short | Brock biology of microorganisms |
| title_sort | brock biology of microorganisms |
| topic | Lehrbuch (DE-588)4123623-3 gnd Mikrobiologe (DE-588)4039199-1 gnd Biologie (DE-588)4006851-1 gnd Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4039226-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Lehrbuch Mikrobiologe Biologie Mikroorganismus |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032703819&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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