Making Russia and Turkey great again?: Putin and Erdoğan in search of lost empires and autocratic power
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Lexington Books
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| Beschreibung: | x, 268 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9781793610225 9781793610249 |
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Contents List of Tables vii Acknowledgments ix 1 The “Waves of Democratization” versus the Persistence of Authoritarianism in Eurasia PART I: FROM THE SOVIET UNION TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 1 15 2 Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism in the Soviet Union 17 3 Yeltsin in Search of a Viable Russian Federation 41 4 Putin: Making Russia Great Again through Foreign Adventurism and Authoritarian Political Power 63 PART II: FROM THE FOUNDING OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY TO THE AUTHORITARIAN PRESIDENT 5 119 The Collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the Emergence of Atatürk’s Republic 121 Democratization and Authoritarianism in the Maturing of the Republic 143 Conclusion: Must Authoritarianism (and Economic Stagnation) Be the Normal Eurasian Way? 189 References 223 Index 257 About the Authors 267 6 v
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Index Abdulhamid П, 133-34 Acemoglu, Daran, 75, 79, 111-12 Acharya, Amitav, 212, 214, 221 Ahmad, Feroz, 140, 141 АКР. See Justice and Development Party (AKP) Akşener, Meral, 147, 157 Aktar, Cengiz, 177-78, 187 Albayrak, Berat, 166, 172 Alekperov, Vagit, 65 Alexievich, Svetlana, 25, 27, 36 Ali, Ben, 85 Aliyev, Heydar, 49, 107, 191 ANAP. See Motherland Party (ANAP) Andropov, Yury, 27, 104 Ankara Industrialists and Businessmen Association (ASIAD), 167 Applebaum, Anne, 36,108, 117, 215, 221 Arendt, Hannah, 24, 35-36 Aron, Raymond, 19-20, 25, 35, 203, 212 Åslund, Anders, 42, 46-47, 57-61, 78, 97, 104-5, 112, 115-16, 207 Assad, Bahar al, 85, 92, 176-77 Ataman, Muhittin, 178, 187 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, 5, 9,11, 121, 123-24, 126-27, 130-31, 135-41, 143 Atlanticists, 88 authoritarianism, 1-3, 5, 8-9, 13, 17-18, 33-35, 37, 39, 46, 63, 68-70, 87, 100, 103, 108, 110, 121-24, 127, 130-31, 138, 143, 145, 147, 152, 154, 157-59, 185, 187, 189-92, 195, 201,207-11,216, 221 Autocratic Democracy, 197 Aven, Pyotr, 48, 53 Ayoob, Mohammed, 112, 139 Babacan, Ali, 161, 166-68, 185 Baburova, Anastasia, 67 Bahçeli, Devlet, 148,153, 155-57, 167, 181 Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline, 49 Baici, Bayram, 184 Baldwin, Richard, 91, 114 Baran, Zeyno, 163, 184-85, 215 Bartlett, David L., 46, 57, 61 Bassin, Mark, 90, 114 Bayar, Celal, 146 Bekdil, Burak, 181, 188 Bekmen, Ahmet, 186 Belton, Catherine, 86, 92,113-15, 117 Ben-Gurion, David, 196 Benn, Tony, 34 Berezovsky, Boris, 48, 53, 66-67 257
258 Index Berkes, Niyaz, 129, 140 Biden, Joseph, 213 Bittner, Jochen, 77, 90, 114 Blue Homeland doctrine, 179 Bokassa, Jean-Bedel, 199-200 Bolshevism, 20 Boone, Peter, 54 Borovik, Artyom, 66-67 Bourguignon, Francois, 76 Brady, Rose, 43, 46, 57-58 Braguinsky, Serguey, 59 Brezhnev, Leonid, 10, 27-28, 31-32, 34 Brown, Lester, 73, 93, 111, 115 Brzeziński, Zbigniew K., 19, 26-27, 35-37 Buchner, Ludwig, 137 Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, 78, 112, 197-98, 218 Bush, George W., 82-84, 86, 196, 212 Cagaptay, Soner, 165-66, 181, 183, 185, 188 Çakır, Ruşen, 209, 220 capitalism, 21-22, 24, 27, 46^18, 52, 54, 75-79, 89, 100, 108, 174, 211 Ceausescu, Nicolae, 200 Central Intelligence Agency, 37 Chechen War, 50, 59, 80, 82 Chernenko, Andropov, 27 Chernomyrdin, Viktor, 43 Cheryl B. Welch, 13 CHP. See Republican People’s Party (CHP) Churchill, Winston, 196 Çiller, Tansu, 151, 165 Clemenceau, Georges, 196 Clinton, Bill, 48-49, 82-83 Clinton, Hillary, 85-86 Clover, Charles, 87, 113 Cohen, Eliot, 196-97 Cohen, Stephen F., 36, 38, 59-60, 83, 84, 217, 221 Cold War, 35, 114, 183 commercialization, 97 Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), 125-26, 133-37, 140, 143 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), 34, 39, 49 communism, 1, 3, 20-21, 25-27, 30, 34-38, 58, 88, 112, 204, 208, 220 Communist Party, 28, 42, 47^18, 64-65, 74, 81 Comte, August, 137-38 Congress of People’s Deputies, 43 Connors, Carmel, 112 consolidated democracy, 2, 122-23 Cook, Steven, 124, 139 Cornell, Svante E., 59 Coronavirus (COVID-19), 105, 179 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), 80 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, (COMECON),
41, 173 Crane, Keith, 101, 116 Crimea, 33, 84, 86, 93, 97-98, 146 Cross, Sharyl N., 114 Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi-Republican People’s Party (CHP), 146, 148-51, 153, 156-57, 163 CUP. See Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) Curtis, M., 35 Dada, Idi Amin, 199 Daly, Herman, 194 David, Paul, 35 David Ben-Gurion, 193 Davis, G. Doug, 210, 220 Davison, Andrew, 126,140 Davutoğlu, Ahmet, 154, 161, 166-68, 171, 175, 183, 185, 187-88 Dawisha, Karen, 69-70, 97, 102, 10910, 207, 218 deconsolidation, 1, 189, 193, 195, 217-18 deep crisis, 125 DeGaulle, Charles, 44, 197 Delorme-Montini, Benedicte, 25 Delpech, Thérèse, 211-12, 214, 220-21
259 Index Delsol, Chantal, 77, 204-5, 212, 219 Demirel, Süleyman, 150-51, 154, 159, 165 Demirtaş, Selahattin, 155 Democracy and Progress Part (DEVA), 167-68 Democratic Left Party, 151, 153 Democratic Party (DP), Turkey, 146, 148 Democratic Peoples’ Party, 153 democratization, 155, 157 Deng Xiaoping, 198 De Niro, Robert, 86 Derviş, Kemal, 152, 171, 186 De Tocqueville, Alexis, 3-8, 12-14, 33, 38, 134, 136, 183 De Waal, Thomas, 50, 59 Diamond, Larry, 56, 58, 61 dictatorships, 27, 104, 218 differentialism, 88-89 Dikotter, Frank, 36, 200, 219 Dimitrov, Martin K., 102, 112 Dindar, Cemal, 161 Djilas, Milovan, 26-27, 29, 36 DP. See Democratic Party (DP) Duda, Andrej, 192 Dugin, Alexander, 34, 39, 87-89, 91, 108, 113-14, 203 Duma, 10, 18, 44, 48, 52, 64-66, 68, 81, 85, 101, 107, 125 Dündar, Can, 157 Dunn, John, 2, 12 Durkheim, Émile, 137 Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 199-200 Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 104 Faulkner, Robert, 37, 219 Felicity Party, 153, 157, 167 Felshtinsky, Yuri, 82, 109, 112-13 financial crisis, 10, 42, 53, 55-56, 72, 75, 78, 99, 174, 201 Findley, Caret Vaughn, 125, 127, 133, 139-40 Fitzpatrick, Sheila, 36 Foa, Roberto, 189-90 Former Soviet Union (FSU), 49-50 Foss, Clive, 199 Freeland, Chrystia, 46, 58 French Revolution, 5, 13, 21-23, 33, 38, 127-29, 134, 136, 183 Friedrich, Carl J., 35-36 Fukuyama, Francis, 189, 209 Furet, Francois, 20-22, 35, 208, 212, 214, 220-21 Furgal, Sergei, 108 Eatwell, Roger, 111, 206, 218, 220 Ecevit, Bülent, 149-53 economic liberalization, 11, 27, 45, 75, 99, 151, 168, 190-91, 201 Eliot, T. S., 153 Elvan, Lutti, 172 Erbakan, Necmettin, 150, 159, 162,
166 Erdoğan, Tayyip, 3, 5-9, 11-12, 115, 124-25, 139, 145-48, 152-68, Gaddy, Clifford G., 69, 109-10 Gaidar, Yegar, 37-38, 42-43, 52 Gall, Carlotta, 50, 59, 78-79, 112 Gallagher, Mary, 78-79, 112 Galston, William, 202, 219 Galtung, Fredrik, 80, 112 Gazprom, 65, 97 Gel’man, Vladimir, 69,102-3, 110, 116, 207 171-88, 191, 195, 200-201, 208-10, 212-13, 215-17, 220 Ergin, Sedat, 177, 187 Estemirova, Natalia, 67 Eurasianism, 21, 34, 39, 87-91, 114, 210 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 45 Europeanization, 90, 179, 188 European Union (EU), 6, 9, 23, 41, 45, 90, 162, 171, 201, 203-Л 210, 212, 219-20 exclusive economic zones (EEZ), 180 Faragé, Nigel, 192 Fascism, 20, 22, 35, 88, 104, 114, 208, 220
260 Gene, Kaya, 181 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 214 Gessen, Masha, 27, 44, 58, 65, 81-82, 109, 112 globalization, 9, 13, 60, 75-76, 87, 89-91, 93, 111, 114, 169, 194-95, 203, 210, 213-14, 221 Goldhammer, Arthur, 13 Goldman, Marshall I., 30, 33, 37-38, 52, 59, 72-73, 110-11 Good Party (IYI), 147 Goodwin, Matthew, 111, 206, 218, 220 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 10, 21, 27, 31, 33-34, 36-39, 41^42, 48, 53, 83, 102, 109, 196, 198-99 Gordievsky, Oleg, 32, 38 Gottfried, Paul Edward, 193 Graham, Loren, 99-100, 116 Graham, Norman A., x, 25, 112, 188, 219-20 Gregory, Paul, 29, 37 Grudinin, Pavel, 74 guardian state, 123, 125, 127, 131 Gül, Abdullah, 166 Gülen, Fathulllah, 154, 161-63, 181, 215-16 Gülenists, 155, 158, 181-82, 215-17 Gülen Movement, 163 Gulseven, Hakan, 173-74, 186 Gumilev, Lev, 89-90, 108, 114 Guriev, Sergei, 54, 60, 116 Gusinsky, Vladimir, 48, 53-54, 66 Haass, Richard, 211, 214, 220 Haidt, Jonathan, 206, 220 Haile-Mariam, Mengistu, 199 Hale, Henry, 147, 198 Hanioglu, M. Sukru, 134, 137, 139^11 Hanson, Jonathan K., 78-79, 112 Havel, Vaclav, 108 Hazony, Yoram, 202, 212, 219 Hedlund, Stefan, 70, 99, 103, 110, 115-16 Helm, Dieter, 73, 94, 111, 115 Index Heper, Metin, 147, 152, 184 Heuvel, Katrina Vanden, 36 Hill, Henry E., 70, 79, 97,103, 110, 147, 183, 198 Hitler, Adolf, 24, 26, 36, 68, 145, 195, 200, 208 Hoffman, Dustin, 86 Holodny, Elena, 187 Hoxha, Enver, 199 Hull, Christopher C., 181, 188 human rights, 21-23, 201-2 Huntington, Samuel P., 1, 12, 220 Ilyan, Ivan, 108 imperialism, 88, 91, 202, 220 ince, Muharrem, 157 Independent Party (BAĞIMSIZ), 143,153
industrialization, 18, 26-27, 29-31, 75, 112 inflation, 43, 53, 57, 76-77, 169-70, 172, 174, 191 Ingleby, Melvyn, 208, 220 Inglehart, Ronald, 189-90, 209, 217-18, 220 İnönü, ismet, 11, 135 institutionalization, 122 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 170, 214 Isaak, Robert, 195, 218 Islam, 145 Ismayilov, Murad, 112,188 IYI. See Good Party (IYI) Janissaries, 126, 133 Jaruzelski, Wojciech, 199 Jefferson, Thomas, 108 Johnson, Boris, 192, 206 Jones Luong, Pauline, 73, 96, 111 Judis, John, 205, 219 Jung, Dietrich, 131, 134, 140 Justice and Development Party (AKP), 124-25, 130, 145—48, 152-53, 15559, 161-63, 166-68, 171, 173-74, 179, 183, 188, 201, 208, 215 Justice Party, 149-51, 153, 204
Index Kagan, Robert, 211-12, 220 Kalaycioglu, Ersin, 176, 178, 187 Kalugin, Oleg, 86 Kanevsky, Vladimir, 66 Karadzic, Radovan, 50 Karamollaoğlu, Temel, 157, 167 Kara-Murza, Vladimir, 67 Katz, Abraham, 102, 116 Kaufman, Michael T., 38 Kebich, Vyacheslaw, 49 Kelkitli, Asli, 181, 188 Kemal, Mustafa. See Atatürk Kemalism, 126-27, 130, 132, 144 Kemalist ideology, 131 Kemalist state, 126 Kenen, Peter, 174 Keyman, E. Fuat, 169, 171, 185 KGB, 32, 66, 70, 81-82, 86, 92, 104, 109, 112-13, 220 Kharitonov, Nikolay, 65 Khazanov, M., 34, 39 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 48, 53-54, 60, 66, 73, 109 Khrushchev, Nikkita, 26-29 Kiliçdaroğlu, Kimał, 167 Kim Il-sung, 200 Kirkpatrick, Jeanne, 191, 218 Kissinger, Henry, 195 Klare, Michael, 72, 110 Klebnikov, Paul, 66 Klepikova, Elena, 36, 42, 57 kleptocrats, 54, 201 Kohli, Atul, 79, 112 Kononenko, Vadim, 116 Köprülü, Fuat, 146 Korosenyi, Andras, 152, 184, 192, 218 Kotkin, Steven, 36, 38, 104, 116 Kremlin, 65, 67-69, 87, 89, 99, 107-10, 113, 117 Kuchins, Andrew C., 116 Kurdish People’s Democratic Party, 155 Kurlantzick, Joshua, 74-75, 111, 19091,218 Kuru, Onur Nezih, 168 Kuzes, Irina Y., 57 261 Lambsdorff, Johann Graf, 80, 112 Landes, David, 75, 111 Lapidus, Gail W., 38 Lamelle, Marlene, 89, 99, 114-15, 210, 220 Lavigne, Marie, 38, 59 Lavrov, Sergei, 105-6 Le Bon, Gustave, 137 Ledeneva, Alena, 101-2, 116 Lee Hypothesis, 195 Lee Kuan Yew, 55, 60, 68, 78-79, 110, 112, 195, 197 Legutko, Ryszard, 77, 203-4, 219 Lenin, Vladimir, 26, 195-96, 208 Le Pen, Marine, 192 Levin-Utkin, AnatoUy, 66 Levitsky, Steven, 18 liberal internationalism, 202-3 liberalism, 6, 11,
13-14, 23-24, 51-52, 87-88, 108, 129, 133, 139, 165, 171, 193-94, 202-3, 210, 220 Libyan Government of National Accord (GNA), 180 Lincoln, Abraham, 82, 196 Linz, Juan, 122-23, 139, 217 Litvinenko, Alexander, 67, 82, 112-13 Lord, Carnes, 197, 218 Lowenthal, Richard, 27 Lukashenko, Alexander, 49, 105-6, 117, 216 Lukoil, 65, 97 Machiavelli, Niccolò, 121, 138, 145, 162, 197, 218 Magnitsky, Sergei, 67 Malkin, Vitaly, 53 Manent, Pierre, 203, 212, 214 Mardin, Serif, 128-30, 140-41 market fundamentalism, 55, 75, 96, 190 Marshall Plan, 44, 52 Marx, Karl, 23, 30 Marxism, 19, 55, 90, 200 Mazower, Mark, 211-12, 221 McFaul, Michael, 58, 83-86, 113
262 Mearsheimer, John J., 212-13, 221 Mebane, Walter R., jr., 163, 185 Medvedev, Dmitry, 18, 27, 29, 63, 65, 68, 72, 85, 89, 98-103, 105, 195 Medvedev, Roy A., 28, 36 Menderes, Adnan, 146-49, 159 Meng, Anne, 116 Meyer, Alfred G., 28, 37 МНР. See Nationalist Action Party (МНР) Mikhail Fridman, 48, 53 Mill, John Stewart, 108 Milosevic, Slobadan, 50, 199 Mishutin, 105,107 Mladic, Ratko, 50 modernization, 11, 34, 98-100, 102-3, 123, 128, 131-33,136, 191, 195, 209-10 Montesquieu, Baron de La Bréde, 129 Moshes, Arkady, 116 Motherland Party (ANAP), 150-51, 153 Mounk, Yacha, 189-90, 217 Multilateral Trade Negotiations (MTNs), 214 Mundell, Robert, 49, 194 Mundell’s Trilemma, 194 Munich Security Conference, 84 Nagorno-Karabakh, 106-7, 117, 181, 188 Namik, Kemal, 128-30 nationalism, 1, 5, 9, 11, 21-24, 34, 39, 73, 79,81,87, 103, 113, 117, 12324, 128-29, 139-41, 146, 180, 190, 201-3, 212, 217, 219 Nationalist Action Party (МНР), 148, 153 National Movement Party, 155 National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), 100 National Salvation Party, 150 Nausėda, Gitanas, 106, 117 Navalny, Alexei, 67, 108, 215 Nazerbaev, Nursultan, 49 Nemtsov, Boris, 67 Index Newell, Waller R., 200, 219 New Turkey, 161, 168, 182 Nolte, Emst, 20, 35 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 9, 41, 48, 50, 83, 91, 92, 106, 113, 175, 179-81, 187-88, 213 Novichok, 67, 108 Nursultan Nazerbaev, 49 Obama, Barack. See President Obama Offe, Claus, 45, 58 Ohmae, Kenichi, 194 oligarchs, 10, 27, 46-48, 52-54, 56, 60, 64-65, 70-71, 73, 78, 93, 109 Olson, Mancur, 71 One, the few, the many (Aristotle), 13, 124 O’Neill, Michael,
219-20 Öniş, Ziya, 169, 171, 179, 185, 188 Oppenheimer, Peter, 58, 60 Orbán, Victor, 192 orderism, 77, 90, 91 Orizio, Riccardo, 198-99, 219 Orwell, George, 22, 217 Ottoman Empire, 5, 92, 121, 123-25, 127, 129-41, 175, 179 Ottomanism, 21, 124 Özal, Turgut, 150-51, 154, 159-60, 164-65, 168, 184 Özbudun, Ergun, 158, 165,184—85 Özdemir, Çağatay, 178, 187 Özden, Baris Alp, 186 Özpek, Burak Bilgehan, 158, 184 Pakulski, Jan, 152, 184, 192-93, 218 Park Chung-hee, 198 Parla, Taha, 126, 140 Pashinyan, Nikol, 107 Patriotic Party (VP), 157 Paun, Nicolae, 219-20 Peel, Michael, 117, 188 Pei, Minxin, 79, 112, 218 Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP), 197 perestroika, 27, 29, 34, 38, 41, 53, 102 Peskov, Dmitry, 107, 117
Index Phillips, David L., 181, 188 Piccoli, Wolfango, 131, 134, 140 Piontkovsky, Andrei, 103 Pitei, Laura, 115, 117, 186, 188 Political Messianism, 23-24, 36 Politikovskaya, Anna, 81 populism, 1, 75, 111, 137-38, 152, 160, 188, 205-6, 218, 220 Poroshenko, Petro, 216 positivism, 137-38 Potanin, Vladimir, 48, 53-54, 65 President Obama, 83-87, 179, 197 Pribylovskiy, Vladimir, 109 Prigozhin, Yevgeny, 87 Primakov, Yevgeny, 81 privatization, 10, 45, 48, 51-53, 57, 64-65, 78, 96 Putin, Vladimir, 3, 5-12, 17-18, 27, 34-35, 37, 39, 42, 50, 53, 56-60, 63-75, 77-87, 89, 91-93, 95, 97-99, 101-11, 113-17, 152, 162, 174, 182, 191, 195, 198, 200-201, 203, 208, 210-13, 215-17, 220-21 Putinism, 104,110 Putnam, Robert, 36, 209 Radliński, Andrei, 60 Radelet, Steven, 91, 111, 114, 214, 221 Radvanyi, Jean, 99, 115 reformism, 123, 131, 135, 141 Reich, Robert, 76-77, 111-12, 218 Republican Domestic Country Party, 149 Republican People’s Party (RPP), 153, 155, 157, 184 revolution, 2-3, 5,10, 13, 17,19-23, 26, 28, 30-31, 35, 38, 57-59, 61, 68, 75, 79, 92, 94, 117, 123, 125-29, 131,135-36, 141,183,203, 210 Robertson, Graeme B., 110 Robinson, James A., 75, 79, 111-12 Rodionov, Denis, 54 Rodman, Peter W., 196 Rotenberg, Boris, 97 Rousseau, Jean-Jaques, 129, 136-37 263 Rubin, Barry, 147, 152, 169, 184-85 RUSNANO, 100 Russiagate, 83, 113, 221 Russian Federation, 52, 57, 96, 169, 173-74 Rutskoy, Alexander, 44 Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 116 Ryzhkov, Vladimir, 41, 99 Sachs, Jeffrey, 42-43, 51, 57 Safronov, Ivan, 67 Sampford, Charles, 112 Sanders, Bemie, 192, 206 Satter, David, 53, 60 Schmitter, Phillipe, 46, 58 the
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), 171 secularism, 123, 127-28, 130, 139^11, 145, 158, 184 Sella, Amnon, 196 Serova, Eugenia, 52-53, 60 Shaddock, Arthur, 112 Sharma, Ruchir, 76, 111, 218 Shchekochihin, Yuri, 66 Sheehan, James J., 99, 114, 213, 221 Sheffer, Gabriel, 196, 218 Shevtsova, Lilia, 37, 59, 68, 98-99, 102, 110, 115-16 Shiner, David, 86 Shlapentokh, Vladimir, 189, 217 Shoigu, Sergei, 105 Shorter, James, 117, 221 Shtromas, Aleksandras, 27, 37, 202, 219 Simon, Durkheim, 36, 38, 109, 111, 114, 137, 218, 221 Six Arrows, 127 SkolTech, 100 Slobodchikoff, Michael O., 210, 220 Smith, Alastair, 112, 197-98, 218 Smolensky, Alexander, 48, 53-54 Snyder, Timothy, 114, 220 Sochi Olympics, 79 social Darwinism, 137-38 Sogaz, 97
264 Solovyov, Vladimir, 36, 42, 57 Sophia, Changing Haghia, 209 Stalinism, 26, 28, 37, 217 Stanislaw, Joseph, 32, 38 Starovoitova, Galina, 66 state socialism, 10, 28, 41, 53, 190 statism, 127, 131-32, 135-37, 140 Stepashin, Sergey, 81 Steven Radelet, 91, 214, 221 Stiglitz, Joseph E., 38, 54-55, 60, 7576, 111, 212-13,218, 221 Summers, Martin, 60 superindustrialization, 30 Supreme Election Board (YSK), 155 Tagore, Rabindranath, 153 Tataion, J. L„ 22-23, 35-36 Tanzimat, 5, 127-28, 132-34, 136-37 Tereshkova, Valentina, 107 Tezcan, Bülent, 155 Timchenko, Gennady, 97 Tol, Gonul, 177, 187 totalitarianism, 2, 10, 17-19, 21, 23-25, 27-29, 31, 33, 35-37, 39, 68, 88, 104, 122, 202-3, 205, 207, 218-19 Trachtenberg, Marc, 31, 37 True Path Party, 151, 153 Trump, Donald, 9, 60, 83, 113, 124, 144, 179, 192, 206, 211,218, 221 Tsikhanouskaya, Sviatlana, 106 Tsygankov, Andrei P., 48, 58 Türk, H. Bahadir, 159, 184 Turkey, Republic of, 119, 124, 136, 147, 153, 157, 176, 186 Turkish Deep State, 125, 139 Turkish Nationalist Army, 179 Turkish Statistical Institue (TŰIK), 174 Ulgen, Sinan, 180 United Nations Development Program (UNDP), 46, 58, 110 universalism. See human rights Usanov, Artur, 101, 116 U.S. Congress, 37, 59, 114 U.S. Department of Agriculture, 115 Index USSR (Soviet Union), 17, 19, 25, 27-28, 31, 37-39, 41, 47, 52, 66, 86, 90, 190 VanderLippe, John, 144, 183 Verzilov, Pyotr, 67, 108 Voltaire, 129 Von der Goltz, Colmar, 126 Wallechinsky, David, 199 Warsaw Treaty Organization, 41 Washington Consensus, 51, 54, 169, 190, 194 Way, Lucan Ahmad, 117 Weinfall, Erika, 111 Weinthal, Erika,
73, 96 Weiss, Linda, 77, 97, 112, 172, 186 Welfare Party, 151 Westernization, 131-32, 139 Westphalia, Treaty of, 202 Wheatcroft, Stephen G., 36 Winthrop, Dělba, 12-13 Wolin, Sheldon S., 193-94, 218 Woodrow Wilson, 195, 202 World Bank, 9, 46-47, 51, 54-55, 58-60, 115, 151, 169, 171-73, 186, 194, 214 World Trade Organization (WTO), 214 Wuhtrich, F. Michael, 147, 163-64, 185 Xiaoping, Deng, 53, 198 Yaffa, Joshua, 86, 113 Yavlinsky, Grigory, 31, 47, 52, 59, 64 Yeltsin, Boris, 10, 25, 27, 34, 36-37, 41-45, 47-59, 61, 63, 66-97, 103, 113,210 Yeneroglu, Mustafa, 168 Yergin, Daniel A., 32, 38 Yetkin, Barış, 160, 184 Yıldırım, Binalı, 154—55 Yılmaz, Şuhnaz, 179, 187-88 Young Ottomans, 128-30, 132-34, 136-37 Young Party (GP), 153
Index Young Turks, 126,130,138 Yukos Oil, 48, 53, 66 Yüksek, Fatma Sibel, 161 Yushenkov, Sergei, 66-67 Zedong, Мао, 200 Zelensky, Volodomyr, 216 265 Zero Problems with Neighbors, 175-80 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir, 42, 45,47—48, 64-65, 74 Zimmerman, William, 17-19, 35 Zyuganov, Gennady, 45, 47-48, 64-65 |
| adam_txt |
Contents List of Tables vii Acknowledgments ix 1 The “Waves of Democratization” versus the Persistence of Authoritarianism in Eurasia PART I: FROM THE SOVIET UNION TO THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 1 15 2 Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism in the Soviet Union 17 3 Yeltsin in Search of a Viable Russian Federation 41 4 Putin: Making Russia Great Again through Foreign Adventurism and Authoritarian Political Power 63 PART II: FROM THE FOUNDING OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY TO THE AUTHORITARIAN PRESIDENT 5 119 The Collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the Emergence of Atatürk’s Republic 121 Democratization and Authoritarianism in the Maturing of the Republic 143 Conclusion: Must Authoritarianism (and Economic Stagnation) Be the Normal Eurasian Way? 189 References 223 Index 257 About the Authors 267 6 v
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Index Abdulhamid П, 133-34 Acemoglu, Daran, 75, 79, 111-12 Acharya, Amitav, 212, 214, 221 Ahmad, Feroz, 140, 141 АКР. See Justice and Development Party (AKP) Akşener, Meral, 147, 157 Aktar, Cengiz, 177-78, 187 Albayrak, Berat, 166, 172 Alekperov, Vagit, 65 Alexievich, Svetlana, 25, 27, 36 Ali, Ben, 85 Aliyev, Heydar, 49, 107, 191 ANAP. See Motherland Party (ANAP) Andropov, Yury, 27, 104 Ankara Industrialists and Businessmen Association (ASIAD), 167 Applebaum, Anne, 36,108, 117, 215, 221 Arendt, Hannah, 24, 35-36 Aron, Raymond, 19-20, 25, 35, 203, 212 Åslund, Anders, 42, 46-47, 57-61, 78, 97, 104-5, 112, 115-16, 207 Assad, Bahar al, 85, 92, 176-77 Ataman, Muhittin, 178, 187 Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, 5, 9,11, 121, 123-24, 126-27, 130-31, 135-41, 143 Atlanticists, 88 authoritarianism, 1-3, 5, 8-9, 13, 17-18, 33-35, 37, 39, 46, 63, 68-70, 87, 100, 103, 108, 110, 121-24, 127, 130-31, 138, 143, 145, 147, 152, 154, 157-59, 185, 187, 189-92, 195, 201,207-11,216, 221 Autocratic Democracy, 197 Aven, Pyotr, 48, 53 Ayoob, Mohammed, 112, 139 Babacan, Ali, 161, 166-68, 185 Baburova, Anastasia, 67 Bahçeli, Devlet, 148,153, 155-57, 167, 181 Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline, 49 Baici, Bayram, 184 Baldwin, Richard, 91, 114 Baran, Zeyno, 163, 184-85, 215 Bartlett, David L., 46, 57, 61 Bassin, Mark, 90, 114 Bayar, Celal, 146 Bekdil, Burak, 181, 188 Bekmen, Ahmet, 186 Belton, Catherine, 86, 92,113-15, 117 Ben-Gurion, David, 196 Benn, Tony, 34 Berezovsky, Boris, 48, 53, 66-67 257
258 Index Berkes, Niyaz, 129, 140 Biden, Joseph, 213 Bittner, Jochen, 77, 90, 114 Blue Homeland doctrine, 179 Bokassa, Jean-Bedel, 199-200 Bolshevism, 20 Boone, Peter, 54 Borovik, Artyom, 66-67 Bourguignon, Francois, 76 Brady, Rose, 43, 46, 57-58 Braguinsky, Serguey, 59 Brezhnev, Leonid, 10, 27-28, 31-32, 34 Brown, Lester, 73, 93, 111, 115 Brzeziński, Zbigniew K., 19, 26-27, 35-37 Buchner, Ludwig, 137 Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, 78, 112, 197-98, 218 Bush, George W., 82-84, 86, 196, 212 Cagaptay, Soner, 165-66, 181, 183, 185, 188 Çakır, Ruşen, 209, 220 capitalism, 21-22, 24, 27, 46^18, 52, 54, 75-79, 89, 100, 108, 174, 211 Ceausescu, Nicolae, 200 Central Intelligence Agency, 37 Chechen War, 50, 59, 80, 82 Chernenko, Andropov, 27 Chernomyrdin, Viktor, 43 Cheryl B. Welch, 13 CHP. See Republican People’s Party (CHP) Churchill, Winston, 196 Çiller, Tansu, 151, 165 Clemenceau, Georges, 196 Clinton, Bill, 48-49, 82-83 Clinton, Hillary, 85-86 Clover, Charles, 87, 113 Cohen, Eliot, 196-97 Cohen, Stephen F., 36, 38, 59-60, 83, 84, 217, 221 Cold War, 35, 114, 183 commercialization, 97 Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), 125-26, 133-37, 140, 143 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), 34, 39, 49 communism, 1, 3, 20-21, 25-27, 30, 34-38, 58, 88, 112, 204, 208, 220 Communist Party, 28, 42, 47^18, 64-65, 74, 81 Comte, August, 137-38 Congress of People’s Deputies, 43 Connors, Carmel, 112 consolidated democracy, 2, 122-23 Cook, Steven, 124, 139 Cornell, Svante E., 59 Coronavirus (COVID-19), 105, 179 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), 80 Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, (COMECON),
41, 173 Crane, Keith, 101, 116 Crimea, 33, 84, 86, 93, 97-98, 146 Cross, Sharyl N., 114 Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi-Republican People’s Party (CHP), 146, 148-51, 153, 156-57, 163 CUP. See Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) Curtis, M., 35 Dada, Idi Amin, 199 Daly, Herman, 194 David, Paul, 35 David Ben-Gurion, 193 Davis, G. Doug, 210, 220 Davison, Andrew, 126,140 Davutoğlu, Ahmet, 154, 161, 166-68, 171, 175, 183, 185, 187-88 Dawisha, Karen, 69-70, 97, 102, 10910, 207, 218 deconsolidation, 1, 189, 193, 195, 217-18 deep crisis, 125 DeGaulle, Charles, 44, 197 Delorme-Montini, Benedicte, 25 Delpech, Thérèse, 211-12, 214, 220-21
259 Index Delsol, Chantal, 77, 204-5, 212, 219 Demirel, Süleyman, 150-51, 154, 159, 165 Demirtaş, Selahattin, 155 Democracy and Progress Part (DEVA), 167-68 Democratic Left Party, 151, 153 Democratic Party (DP), Turkey, 146, 148 Democratic Peoples’ Party, 153 democratization, 155, 157 Deng Xiaoping, 198 De Niro, Robert, 86 Derviş, Kemal, 152, 171, 186 De Tocqueville, Alexis, 3-8, 12-14, 33, 38, 134, 136, 183 De Waal, Thomas, 50, 59 Diamond, Larry, 56, 58, 61 dictatorships, 27, 104, 218 differentialism, 88-89 Dikotter, Frank, 36, 200, 219 Dimitrov, Martin K., 102, 112 Dindar, Cemal, 161 Djilas, Milovan, 26-27, 29, 36 DP. See Democratic Party (DP) Duda, Andrej, 192 Dugin, Alexander, 34, 39, 87-89, 91, 108, 113-14, 203 Duma, 10, 18, 44, 48, 52, 64-66, 68, 81, 85, 101, 107, 125 Dündar, Can, 157 Dunn, John, 2, 12 Durkheim, Émile, 137 Duvalier, Jean-Claude, 199-200 Dzerzhinsky, Felix, 104 Faulkner, Robert, 37, 219 Felicity Party, 153, 157, 167 Felshtinsky, Yuri, 82, 109, 112-13 financial crisis, 10, 42, 53, 55-56, 72, 75, 78, 99, 174, 201 Findley, Caret Vaughn, 125, 127, 133, 139-40 Fitzpatrick, Sheila, 36 Foa, Roberto, 189-90 Former Soviet Union (FSU), 49-50 Foss, Clive, 199 Freeland, Chrystia, 46, 58 French Revolution, 5, 13, 21-23, 33, 38, 127-29, 134, 136, 183 Friedrich, Carl J., 35-36 Fukuyama, Francis, 189, 209 Furet, Francois, 20-22, 35, 208, 212, 214, 220-21 Furgal, Sergei, 108 Eatwell, Roger, 111, 206, 218, 220 Ecevit, Bülent, 149-53 economic liberalization, 11, 27, 45, 75, 99, 151, 168, 190-91, 201 Eliot, T. S., 153 Elvan, Lutti, 172 Erbakan, Necmettin, 150, 159, 162,
166 Erdoğan, Tayyip, 3, 5-9, 11-12, 115, 124-25, 139, 145-48, 152-68, Gaddy, Clifford G., 69, 109-10 Gaidar, Yegar, 37-38, 42-43, 52 Gall, Carlotta, 50, 59, 78-79, 112 Gallagher, Mary, 78-79, 112 Galston, William, 202, 219 Galtung, Fredrik, 80, 112 Gazprom, 65, 97 Gel’man, Vladimir, 69,102-3, 110, 116, 207 171-88, 191, 195, 200-201, 208-10, 212-13, 215-17, 220 Ergin, Sedat, 177, 187 Estemirova, Natalia, 67 Eurasianism, 21, 34, 39, 87-91, 114, 210 European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 45 Europeanization, 90, 179, 188 European Union (EU), 6, 9, 23, 41, 45, 90, 162, 171, 201, 203-Л 210, 212, 219-20 exclusive economic zones (EEZ), 180 Faragé, Nigel, 192 Fascism, 20, 22, 35, 88, 104, 114, 208, 220
260 Gene, Kaya, 181 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 214 Gessen, Masha, 27, 44, 58, 65, 81-82, 109, 112 globalization, 9, 13, 60, 75-76, 87, 89-91, 93, 111, 114, 169, 194-95, 203, 210, 213-14, 221 Goldhammer, Arthur, 13 Goldman, Marshall I., 30, 33, 37-38, 52, 59, 72-73, 110-11 Good Party (IYI), 147 Goodwin, Matthew, 111, 206, 218, 220 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 10, 21, 27, 31, 33-34, 36-39, 41^42, 48, 53, 83, 102, 109, 196, 198-99 Gordievsky, Oleg, 32, 38 Gottfried, Paul Edward, 193 Graham, Loren, 99-100, 116 Graham, Norman A., x, 25, 112, 188, 219-20 Gregory, Paul, 29, 37 Grudinin, Pavel, 74 guardian state, 123, 125, 127, 131 Gül, Abdullah, 166 Gülen, Fathulllah, 154, 161-63, 181, 215-16 Gülenists, 155, 158, 181-82, 215-17 Gülen Movement, 163 Gulseven, Hakan, 173-74, 186 Gumilev, Lev, 89-90, 108, 114 Guriev, Sergei, 54, 60, 116 Gusinsky, Vladimir, 48, 53-54, 66 Haass, Richard, 211, 214, 220 Haidt, Jonathan, 206, 220 Haile-Mariam, Mengistu, 199 Hale, Henry, 147, 198 Hanioglu, M. Sukru, 134, 137, 139^11 Hanson, Jonathan K., 78-79, 112 Havel, Vaclav, 108 Hazony, Yoram, 202, 212, 219 Hedlund, Stefan, 70, 99, 103, 110, 115-16 Helm, Dieter, 73, 94, 111, 115 Index Heper, Metin, 147, 152, 184 Heuvel, Katrina Vanden, 36 Hill, Henry E., 70, 79, 97,103, 110, 147, 183, 198 Hitler, Adolf, 24, 26, 36, 68, 145, 195, 200, 208 Hoffman, Dustin, 86 Holodny, Elena, 187 Hoxha, Enver, 199 Hull, Christopher C., 181, 188 human rights, 21-23, 201-2 Huntington, Samuel P., 1, 12, 220 Ilyan, Ivan, 108 imperialism, 88, 91, 202, 220 ince, Muharrem, 157 Independent Party (BAĞIMSIZ), 143,153
industrialization, 18, 26-27, 29-31, 75, 112 inflation, 43, 53, 57, 76-77, 169-70, 172, 174, 191 Ingleby, Melvyn, 208, 220 Inglehart, Ronald, 189-90, 209, 217-18, 220 İnönü, ismet, 11, 135 institutionalization, 122 International Monetary Fund (IMF), 170, 214 Isaak, Robert, 195, 218 Islam, 145 Ismayilov, Murad, 112,188 IYI. See Good Party (IYI) Janissaries, 126, 133 Jaruzelski, Wojciech, 199 Jefferson, Thomas, 108 Johnson, Boris, 192, 206 Jones Luong, Pauline, 73, 96, 111 Judis, John, 205, 219 Jung, Dietrich, 131, 134, 140 Justice and Development Party (AKP), 124-25, 130, 145—48, 152-53, 15559, 161-63, 166-68, 171, 173-74, 179, 183, 188, 201, 208, 215 Justice Party, 149-51, 153, 204
Index Kagan, Robert, 211-12, 220 Kalaycioglu, Ersin, 176, 178, 187 Kalugin, Oleg, 86 Kanevsky, Vladimir, 66 Karadzic, Radovan, 50 Karamollaoğlu, Temel, 157, 167 Kara-Murza, Vladimir, 67 Katz, Abraham, 102, 116 Kaufman, Michael T., 38 Kebich, Vyacheslaw, 49 Kelkitli, Asli, 181, 188 Kemal, Mustafa. See Atatürk Kemalism, 126-27, 130, 132, 144 Kemalist ideology, 131 Kemalist state, 126 Kenen, Peter, 174 Keyman, E. Fuat, 169, 171, 185 KGB, 32, 66, 70, 81-82, 86, 92, 104, 109, 112-13, 220 Kharitonov, Nikolay, 65 Khazanov, M., 34, 39 Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 48, 53-54, 60, 66, 73, 109 Khrushchev, Nikkita, 26-29 Kiliçdaroğlu, Kimał, 167 Kim Il-sung, 200 Kirkpatrick, Jeanne, 191, 218 Kissinger, Henry, 195 Klare, Michael, 72, 110 Klebnikov, Paul, 66 Klepikova, Elena, 36, 42, 57 kleptocrats, 54, 201 Kohli, Atul, 79, 112 Kononenko, Vadim, 116 Köprülü, Fuat, 146 Korosenyi, Andras, 152, 184, 192, 218 Kotkin, Steven, 36, 38, 104, 116 Kremlin, 65, 67-69, 87, 89, 99, 107-10, 113, 117 Kuchins, Andrew C., 116 Kurdish People’s Democratic Party, 155 Kurlantzick, Joshua, 74-75, 111, 19091,218 Kuru, Onur Nezih, 168 Kuzes, Irina Y., 57 261 Lambsdorff, Johann Graf, 80, 112 Landes, David, 75, 111 Lapidus, Gail W., 38 Lamelle, Marlene, 89, 99, 114-15, 210, 220 Lavigne, Marie, 38, 59 Lavrov, Sergei, 105-6 Le Bon, Gustave, 137 Ledeneva, Alena, 101-2, 116 Lee Hypothesis, 195 Lee Kuan Yew, 55, 60, 68, 78-79, 110, 112, 195, 197 Legutko, Ryszard, 77, 203-4, 219 Lenin, Vladimir, 26, 195-96, 208 Le Pen, Marine, 192 Levin-Utkin, AnatoUy, 66 Levitsky, Steven, 18 liberal internationalism, 202-3 liberalism, 6, 11,
13-14, 23-24, 51-52, 87-88, 108, 129, 133, 139, 165, 171, 193-94, 202-3, 210, 220 Libyan Government of National Accord (GNA), 180 Lincoln, Abraham, 82, 196 Linz, Juan, 122-23, 139, 217 Litvinenko, Alexander, 67, 82, 112-13 Lord, Carnes, 197, 218 Lowenthal, Richard, 27 Lukashenko, Alexander, 49, 105-6, 117, 216 Lukoil, 65, 97 Machiavelli, Niccolò, 121, 138, 145, 162, 197, 218 Magnitsky, Sergei, 67 Malkin, Vitaly, 53 Manent, Pierre, 203, 212, 214 Mardin, Serif, 128-30, 140-41 market fundamentalism, 55, 75, 96, 190 Marshall Plan, 44, 52 Marx, Karl, 23, 30 Marxism, 19, 55, 90, 200 Mazower, Mark, 211-12, 221 McFaul, Michael, 58, 83-86, 113
262 Mearsheimer, John J., 212-13, 221 Mebane, Walter R., jr., 163, 185 Medvedev, Dmitry, 18, 27, 29, 63, 65, 68, 72, 85, 89, 98-103, 105, 195 Medvedev, Roy A., 28, 36 Menderes, Adnan, 146-49, 159 Meng, Anne, 116 Meyer, Alfred G., 28, 37 МНР. See Nationalist Action Party (МНР) Mikhail Fridman, 48, 53 Mill, John Stewart, 108 Milosevic, Slobadan, 50, 199 Mishutin, 105,107 Mladic, Ratko, 50 modernization, 11, 34, 98-100, 102-3, 123, 128, 131-33,136, 191, 195, 209-10 Montesquieu, Baron de La Bréde, 129 Moshes, Arkady, 116 Motherland Party (ANAP), 150-51, 153 Mounk, Yacha, 189-90, 217 Multilateral Trade Negotiations (MTNs), 214 Mundell, Robert, 49, 194 Mundell’s Trilemma, 194 Munich Security Conference, 84 Nagorno-Karabakh, 106-7, 117, 181, 188 Namik, Kemal, 128-30 nationalism, 1, 5, 9, 11, 21-24, 34, 39, 73, 79,81,87, 103, 113, 117, 12324, 128-29, 139-41, 146, 180, 190, 201-3, 212, 217, 219 Nationalist Action Party (МНР), 148, 153 National Movement Party, 155 National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), 100 National Salvation Party, 150 Nausėda, Gitanas, 106, 117 Navalny, Alexei, 67, 108, 215 Nazerbaev, Nursultan, 49 Nemtsov, Boris, 67 Index Newell, Waller R., 200, 219 New Turkey, 161, 168, 182 Nolte, Emst, 20, 35 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 9, 41, 48, 50, 83, 91, 92, 106, 113, 175, 179-81, 187-88, 213 Novichok, 67, 108 Nursultan Nazerbaev, 49 Obama, Barack. See President Obama Offe, Claus, 45, 58 Ohmae, Kenichi, 194 oligarchs, 10, 27, 46-48, 52-54, 56, 60, 64-65, 70-71, 73, 78, 93, 109 Olson, Mancur, 71 One, the few, the many (Aristotle), 13, 124 O’Neill, Michael,
219-20 Öniş, Ziya, 169, 171, 179, 185, 188 Oppenheimer, Peter, 58, 60 Orbán, Victor, 192 orderism, 77, 90, 91 Orizio, Riccardo, 198-99, 219 Orwell, George, 22, 217 Ottoman Empire, 5, 92, 121, 123-25, 127, 129-41, 175, 179 Ottomanism, 21, 124 Özal, Turgut, 150-51, 154, 159-60, 164-65, 168, 184 Özbudun, Ergun, 158, 165,184—85 Özdemir, Çağatay, 178, 187 Özden, Baris Alp, 186 Özpek, Burak Bilgehan, 158, 184 Pakulski, Jan, 152, 184, 192-93, 218 Park Chung-hee, 198 Parla, Taha, 126, 140 Pashinyan, Nikol, 107 Patriotic Party (VP), 157 Paun, Nicolae, 219-20 Peel, Michael, 117, 188 Pei, Minxin, 79, 112, 218 Peoples’ Democratic Party (HDP), 197 perestroika, 27, 29, 34, 38, 41, 53, 102 Peskov, Dmitry, 107, 117
Index Phillips, David L., 181, 188 Piccoli, Wolfango, 131, 134, 140 Piontkovsky, Andrei, 103 Pitei, Laura, 115, 117, 186, 188 Political Messianism, 23-24, 36 Politikovskaya, Anna, 81 populism, 1, 75, 111, 137-38, 152, 160, 188, 205-6, 218, 220 Poroshenko, Petro, 216 positivism, 137-38 Potanin, Vladimir, 48, 53-54, 65 President Obama, 83-87, 179, 197 Pribylovskiy, Vladimir, 109 Prigozhin, Yevgeny, 87 Primakov, Yevgeny, 81 privatization, 10, 45, 48, 51-53, 57, 64-65, 78, 96 Putin, Vladimir, 3, 5-12, 17-18, 27, 34-35, 37, 39, 42, 50, 53, 56-60, 63-75, 77-87, 89, 91-93, 95, 97-99, 101-11, 113-17, 152, 162, 174, 182, 191, 195, 198, 200-201, 203, 208, 210-13, 215-17, 220-21 Putinism, 104,110 Putnam, Robert, 36, 209 Radliński, Andrei, 60 Radelet, Steven, 91, 111, 114, 214, 221 Radvanyi, Jean, 99, 115 reformism, 123, 131, 135, 141 Reich, Robert, 76-77, 111-12, 218 Republican Domestic Country Party, 149 Republican People’s Party (RPP), 153, 155, 157, 184 revolution, 2-3, 5,10, 13, 17,19-23, 26, 28, 30-31, 35, 38, 57-59, 61, 68, 75, 79, 92, 94, 117, 123, 125-29, 131,135-36, 141,183,203, 210 Robertson, Graeme B., 110 Robinson, James A., 75, 79, 111-12 Rodionov, Denis, 54 Rodman, Peter W., 196 Rotenberg, Boris, 97 Rousseau, Jean-Jaques, 129, 136-37 263 Rubin, Barry, 147, 152, 169, 184-85 RUSNANO, 100 Russiagate, 83, 113, 221 Russian Federation, 52, 57, 96, 169, 173-74 Rutskoy, Alexander, 44 Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 116 Ryzhkov, Vladimir, 41, 99 Sachs, Jeffrey, 42-43, 51, 57 Safronov, Ivan, 67 Sampford, Charles, 112 Sanders, Bemie, 192, 206 Satter, David, 53, 60 Schmitter, Phillipe, 46, 58 the
Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), 171 secularism, 123, 127-28, 130, 139^11, 145, 158, 184 Sella, Amnon, 196 Serova, Eugenia, 52-53, 60 Shaddock, Arthur, 112 Sharma, Ruchir, 76, 111, 218 Shchekochihin, Yuri, 66 Sheehan, James J., 99, 114, 213, 221 Sheffer, Gabriel, 196, 218 Shevtsova, Lilia, 37, 59, 68, 98-99, 102, 110, 115-16 Shiner, David, 86 Shlapentokh, Vladimir, 189, 217 Shoigu, Sergei, 105 Shorter, James, 117, 221 Shtromas, Aleksandras, 27, 37, 202, 219 Simon, Durkheim, 36, 38, 109, 111, 114, 137, 218, 221 Six Arrows, 127 SkolTech, 100 Slobodchikoff, Michael O., 210, 220 Smith, Alastair, 112, 197-98, 218 Smolensky, Alexander, 48, 53-54 Snyder, Timothy, 114, 220 Sochi Olympics, 79 social Darwinism, 137-38 Sogaz, 97
264 Solovyov, Vladimir, 36, 42, 57 Sophia, Changing Haghia, 209 Stalinism, 26, 28, 37, 217 Stanislaw, Joseph, 32, 38 Starovoitova, Galina, 66 state socialism, 10, 28, 41, 53, 190 statism, 127, 131-32, 135-37, 140 Stepashin, Sergey, 81 Steven Radelet, 91, 214, 221 Stiglitz, Joseph E., 38, 54-55, 60, 7576, 111, 212-13,218, 221 Summers, Martin, 60 superindustrialization, 30 Supreme Election Board (YSK), 155 Tagore, Rabindranath, 153 Tataion, J. L„ 22-23, 35-36 Tanzimat, 5, 127-28, 132-34, 136-37 Tereshkova, Valentina, 107 Tezcan, Bülent, 155 Timchenko, Gennady, 97 Tol, Gonul, 177, 187 totalitarianism, 2, 10, 17-19, 21, 23-25, 27-29, 31, 33, 35-37, 39, 68, 88, 104, 122, 202-3, 205, 207, 218-19 Trachtenberg, Marc, 31, 37 True Path Party, 151, 153 Trump, Donald, 9, 60, 83, 113, 124, 144, 179, 192, 206, 211,218, 221 Tsikhanouskaya, Sviatlana, 106 Tsygankov, Andrei P., 48, 58 Türk, H. Bahadir, 159, 184 Turkey, Republic of, 119, 124, 136, 147, 153, 157, 176, 186 Turkish Deep State, 125, 139 Turkish Nationalist Army, 179 Turkish Statistical Institue (TŰIK), 174 Ulgen, Sinan, 180 United Nations Development Program (UNDP), 46, 58, 110 universalism. See human rights Usanov, Artur, 101, 116 U.S. Congress, 37, 59, 114 U.S. Department of Agriculture, 115 Index USSR (Soviet Union), 17, 19, 25, 27-28, 31, 37-39, 41, 47, 52, 66, 86, 90, 190 VanderLippe, John, 144, 183 Verzilov, Pyotr, 67, 108 Voltaire, 129 Von der Goltz, Colmar, 126 Wallechinsky, David, 199 Warsaw Treaty Organization, 41 Washington Consensus, 51, 54, 169, 190, 194 Way, Lucan Ahmad, 117 Weinfall, Erika, 111 Weinthal, Erika,
73, 96 Weiss, Linda, 77, 97, 112, 172, 186 Welfare Party, 151 Westernization, 131-32, 139 Westphalia, Treaty of, 202 Wheatcroft, Stephen G., 36 Winthrop, Dělba, 12-13 Wolin, Sheldon S., 193-94, 218 Woodrow Wilson, 195, 202 World Bank, 9, 46-47, 51, 54-55, 58-60, 115, 151, 169, 171-73, 186, 194, 214 World Trade Organization (WTO), 214 Wuhtrich, F. Michael, 147, 163-64, 185 Xiaoping, Deng, 53, 198 Yaffa, Joshua, 86, 113 Yavlinsky, Grigory, 31, 47, 52, 59, 64 Yeltsin, Boris, 10, 25, 27, 34, 36-37, 41-45, 47-59, 61, 63, 66-97, 103, 113,210 Yeneroglu, Mustafa, 168 Yergin, Daniel A., 32, 38 Yetkin, Barış, 160, 184 Yıldırım, Binalı, 154—55 Yılmaz, Şuhnaz, 179, 187-88 Young Ottomans, 128-30, 132-34, 136-37 Young Party (GP), 153
Index Young Turks, 126,130,138 Yukos Oil, 48, 53, 66 Yüksek, Fatma Sibel, 161 Yushenkov, Sergei, 66-67 Zedong, Мао, 200 Zelensky, Volodomyr, 216 265 Zero Problems with Neighbors, 175-80 Zhirinovsky, Vladimir, 42, 45,47—48, 64-65, 74 Zimmerman, William, 17-19, 35 Zyuganov, Gennady, 45, 47-48, 64-65 |
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| author | Graham, Norman A. 1948- Lindahl, Folke Kocaoğlu, Timur 1947- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)17018854X (DE-588)139162089 (DE-588)1224105230 |
| author_facet | Graham, Norman A. 1948- Lindahl, Folke Kocaoğlu, Timur 1947- |
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| bvnumber | BV047261493 |
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| discipline | Politologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
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| geographic | Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Türkei Russland |
| id | DE-604.BV047261493 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T17:11:20Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-31T02:17:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781793610225 9781793610249 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032665347 |
| oclc_num | 1249666129 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-739 DE-29 DE-521 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-739 DE-29 DE-521 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | x, 268 Seiten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220627 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Lexington Books |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Graham, Norman A. 1948- Verfasser (DE-588)17018854X aut Making Russia and Turkey great again? Putin and Erdoğan in search of lost empires and autocratic power Norman A. Graham, Folke Lindahl, Timur Kocaoglu Lanham ; Boulder ; New York ; London Lexington Books [2021] © 2021 x, 268 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd rswk-swf Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip 1954- (DE-588)128643161 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Autoritärer Staat (DE-588)4256521-2 gnd rswk-swf Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Authoritarianism / Russia (Federation) Authoritarianism / Turkey Democracy / Russia (Federation) Democracy / Turkey Power (Social sciences) / Russia (Federation) Power (Social sciences) / Turkey Politics and government / Russia (Federation) Politics and government / Turkey Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich / 1952- Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip Authoritarianism Democracy Power (Social sciences) Russia (Federation) Turkey Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 p Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 g Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip 1954- (DE-588)128643161 p Autoritärer Staat (DE-588)4256521-2 s Geschichte z DE-604 Lindahl, Folke Verfasser (DE-588)139162089 aut Kocaoğlu, Timur 1947- Verfasser (DE-588)1224105230 aut Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, epub 978-1-7936-1023-2 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032665347&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032665347&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032665347&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Graham, Norman A. 1948- Lindahl, Folke Kocaoğlu, Timur 1947- Making Russia and Turkey great again? Putin and Erdoğan in search of lost empires and autocratic power Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip 1954- (DE-588)128643161 gnd Autoritärer Staat (DE-588)4256521-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)122188926 (DE-588)128643161 (DE-588)4256521-2 (DE-588)4061163-2 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Making Russia and Turkey great again? Putin and Erdoğan in search of lost empires and autocratic power |
| title_auth | Making Russia and Turkey great again? Putin and Erdoğan in search of lost empires and autocratic power |
| title_exact_search | Making Russia and Turkey great again? Putin and Erdoğan in search of lost empires and autocratic power |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Making Russia and Turkey great again? Putin and Erdoğan in search of lost empires and autocratic power |
| title_full | Making Russia and Turkey great again? Putin and Erdoğan in search of lost empires and autocratic power Norman A. Graham, Folke Lindahl, Timur Kocaoglu |
| title_fullStr | Making Russia and Turkey great again? Putin and Erdoğan in search of lost empires and autocratic power Norman A. Graham, Folke Lindahl, Timur Kocaoglu |
| title_full_unstemmed | Making Russia and Turkey great again? Putin and Erdoğan in search of lost empires and autocratic power Norman A. Graham, Folke Lindahl, Timur Kocaoglu |
| title_short | Making Russia and Turkey great again? |
| title_sort | making russia and turkey great again putin and erdogan in search of lost empires and autocratic power |
| title_sub | Putin and Erdoğan in search of lost empires and autocratic power |
| topic | Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- (DE-588)122188926 gnd Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip 1954- (DE-588)128643161 gnd Autoritärer Staat (DE-588)4256521-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič 1952- Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip 1954- Autoritärer Staat Türkei Russland |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032665347&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032665347&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032665347&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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