Ženske in kriminaliteta: značilnosti ženske kriminalitete in družbeno odzivanje nanjo = Women and criminality
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Slovenian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Ljubljana
Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti
2018
Ljubljana Inštitut za kriminologjio pri Pravni fakulteti v Ljubljani |
| Schriftenreihe: | Razprave / Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti, Razred za zgodovinske in družbene vede
36 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Prispevki v slov., angl., bos. ali hrv. - 300 izv. - Avtorice in avtorji: str. 201-203 |
| Beschreibung: | 208 strane Diagramme 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789612680596 9612680590 |
Internformat
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| 546 | |a Zusammenfassungen in englischer Sprache | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804182345761161216 |
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| adam_text | KAZALO: Predgovor......................................................................................................... 7 Women’s crime and punishment worldwide, Milena Tripković in Mojca M. Plesničar......................................................................................... 9 Kriminaliteta žensk v Sloveniji v obdobju 2003 ֊2015, Alenka Selih..... 25 Kriminalitet žena u Bosni і Hercegovini, Hajrija Sijerčič-Čolič............... 45 Kriminalitet žena u Hrvatskoj: opseg, struktura і odgovor, Irma Kovčo Vukadin ............................................................................................................ 63 Zenske, kriminalnost, deviantnost in nadzor, Zoran Kanduč..................... 91 Spremembe v spolni strukturi sodobne slovenske družbe: edukacija, pravo in družbena moč, Milica Antič Gaber .......................................................... 107 Intimnopartnersko nasilje kot dejavnik ženske kriminalitete, Katja Filipčič.................................................................................................. 119 Kaznovanje žensk v Sloveniji, Mojca M. Plesničar ................................... 135 Ženski zapor nekoč in danes, Dragan Petrovec.......................................... 151 Posebnosti zapora za ženske z vidika stikov z zunanjim svetom, Darja Tadič...................................................................................................... 163 Materinstvo in zapor, Martina Tomori ......................................................... 175 Povzetki v
slovenščini.................................................................................... 191 Povzetki v angleščini ..................................................................................... 195 Predstavitev avtoric in avtorjev ..................................................................... 201 Recenzije.......................................................................................................... 204
Ženske in kriminaliteta Značilnosti ženske kriminalitete in družbeno odzivanje nanjo POVZETKI Milena Tripkovič, Mojca M. Plesničar Zenske, kriminaliteta in kaznovanje: globalni vidik Odnos med ženskami in kriminaliteto je kompleksen in njegova analiza terja številne premisleke. Upoštevaje to dejstvo, bo to poglavje posvečeno obravnavi univerzalnih ali globalnih trendov v zvezi s kriminaliteto in kaznovanjem žensk. Ob tem bomo skušali prikazati in upoštevati podobnosti in razlike med različnimi kulturnimi, geografskimi, gospodarskimi in drugimi sistemi. Pokazali bomo, da obstajajo pomembne razlike med spremembami v zvezi s stopnjo kriminalitete žensk ter trendi, ki se kažejo pri kaznovanju teh žensk za njihova kazniva dejanja. Razlogi za oboje so zelo mnogoteri in včasih zelo prepleteni, vendar si bomo prizadevali jasno prikazati razlike in opozoriti na možne interpretacije. Alenka Selih Kriminaliteta žensk v Sloveniji v obdobju 2003 - 2015 Prispevek najprej prikaže strokovno literaturo o problemih ženske kriminalitete, objavljeni v Sloveniji po letu 1991. Ta tema je bila redko predmet obravnave; med objavljenimi deli najdemo nekaj prispevkov, ki obravnavajo teoretična stališča o kriminaliteti žensk in nekaj prikazov analiz tega pojava predvsem v Sloveniji. Prispevek prikazuje gibanje kriminalitete žensk v Sloveniji - upoštevajoč dostop nost podatkov - od 2003 do 2016; glede nekaterih podatkov pa tudi od leta 1985 dalje. Pri tem podaja podatke policijske , sodne in penitencíame statistike. Podatki kažejo, da se je kriminaliteta žensk v preteklih desetletjih gibala v
okvirih, ki so primerljivi s tem pojavom v drugih sistemih: delež žensk med ovadenimi se je v letih 2003 in 2016 gibal med 15,8% in 21,4%; med obsojenimi pa - v približno enakem obdobju - med 11,70% in 14,89%. To so deleži, ki so podobni tistim, ki jih ugotavljajo tudi drugod. Analiza daljšega obdobje ֊ med 1985 in 2016 - pa pokaže, da se je število vseh obsojenih (in tudi žensk) v letih 1990 - 1995 izrazito znižalo; odtlej dalje pa se povečuje, tako daje v letu 2016 doseglo približno enako raven kot pred letom 1990. 189
Ženske in kriminaliteta Kar zadeva kaznovalno politiko sodiš, izstopa sankcija pogojne obsodbe, v kateri je določena kazen zapora (80%), uporaba kazni zapora pa se je med 2006 in 2016 povečala za več kot 100% - od 6,0% na 13,0%. Preostale sankcije se uporabljajo v zanemarljivih deležih. Taka kaznovalna politika sodišče se odraža tudi v zavodu za izvrševanje kazni - tu je mogoče opaziti izrazit trend naraščanja vse od leta 1998. Ta poostritev kaznovalne politike ne odraža povečanja ženske kriminalitete niti njene (morebitne) povečane nevarnosti temveč spremenjeno kaznovalno politiko slovenskih sodišč. Toje mogoče obrazložiti s povečano stopnjo represivnosti, ki se pojavlja v vseh kazenskopravnih sistemih Sijerčić-Čolić Hajrija Zenska kriminaliteta v Bosni in Hercegovini Prispevek predstavlja ugotovitve empirične raziskave o pojavnih oblikah in obsegu kriminalitete žensk v Bosni in Hercegovini v obdobju od leta 2012 do 2016. Namen empirične raziskave ni bil le prispevati k oceni aktualnega stanja glede strukture kriminalitete žensk in gibanja te kriminalitete v zadnjih petih letih, temveč tudi spodbuditi razpravo o kriminaliteti žensk v Bosni in Hercego vini nasploh, poiskati vzroke zanjo in raziskati njene pojavne oblike. Ugotovitve empirične raziskave potrjujejo tezo, daje med storilci kaznivih dejanj v Bosni in Hercegovini delež žensk veliko manjši kot delež moških (med vsemi prijavljenimi kaznivimi dejanji v raziskovanem obdobju so bile ženske storilke le v 10 odstot kih primerov). Glede pojavnih oblik kriminalitete žensk pa podatki iz raziskave o obsojenih ženskah
potrjujejo, da so ženske še vedno storilke tistih kaznivih dejanj, ki so z ženskami že po tradiciji povezana, da pa so ženske zastopane tudi med osebami, ki so bile obsojene za nekatera nova kazniva dejanja. Irma Kovčo Vukadin Zenska kriminaliteta na Hrvaškem: obseg, struktura in odgovor Ženska kriminaliteta je pomembna raziskovalna tema, ki še vedno ni v celoti raziskana. Namen prispevka je prikaz in analiza hrvaških uradnih podatkov o obsegu kriminalitete polnoletnih žensk, strukturi ženske kriminalitete in spolni strukturi zaposlenih v kazenskem pravosodju. Zastavljena so štiri raziskovalna vprašanja. Prvo se nanaša na vidnost žensk v uradni statistiki kriminalitete na Hrvaškem. Analiza podatkov kaže, da postajajo ženske vedno bolj vidne v uradni kriminalitetni statistiki. Drugo raziskovalno vprašanje zajema analizo sprememb 190
Povzetki obsega in strukture ženske kriminalitete na Hrvaškem v obdobju od 1998. do 2012. leta. Splošni podatki o deležu ženske kriminalitete v celotni kriminaliteti (za obdobje od 1990. do 2016. leta) kažejo, da delež žensk med prijavljenimi osebami ne presega 18%, med obsojenimi pa predstavlja 13%. V obdobju od 1998. do 2012. leta so polnoletne ženske najpogosteje izvršile premoženjska kazniva dejanja, obstajajo pa določene spremembe v trendih glede pogostosti v izvrševanju posamičnih skupin kaznivih dejanj. Analiza spolne strukture žensk, zaposlenih v organih kazenskega pravosodja (tretje raziskovalno vprašanje), izkazuje »feminizacijo« kazenskega pravosodja. Omejena analiza znanstvenega interesa za žensko kriminaliteto na Hrvaškem (četrto raziskovalno vprašanje) pa priča o odsotnosti celovitega interesa za žensko kriminaliteto. Zoran Kanduč Ženske, kriminalnost, deviantnost in nadzor Besedilo je razdeljeno na tri tematske sklope. Uvodni del se začenja z analizo razmerja med ženskami in moškimi kriminalci. Ženske so lahko motiv za kri minalni vedenje, uživalke plena ali (ne)posredne spodbujevalke protipravnega okoriščanja, ki ga realizirajo moški storilci. V nadaljevanju je prikazana vloga žensk pri reprodukciji družbenega konformizma. Posebna pozornost je namenjena učinkom postmoderne transformacije ženskega spola kot družbene in kulturne kategorije, ki je precej razširila možne (in dopustne) oblike organizacije zaseb nega življenja. Osrednji del vključuje zgoščen prikaz vloge mater pri genezi kriminalnega vedenja potomcev. Sledi analiza v času in prostoru
spreminjajočih se dojemanj in obravnavanj ženskih spolnih deviacij, še zlasti prostitucije, katere vrednosti in normativni status je precej kontroverzen še dandanes. V sklepnem delu je na kratko obravnavano razmerje med doseženo emancipacijo žensk ter kapitalističnim in (neo)patriarhalnim zatiranjem, izkoriščanjem in drugimi obli kami nasilja. Milica Antič Gaber Spremembe v spolni strukturi sodobne slovenske družbe Pričujoči prispevek razpravlja na temo spolnega strukturiranja sodobne sloven ske družbe in izhaja iz stališča, daje spolna struktura ena pomembnejših struktur, kije bila dolgo časa veljala za naravno in nespremenljiva ter zato neproblematično. Avtorica teoretska izhodišča (spolno strukturiranje, spolni režimi, spolni red) P. Bourdieu, R. Connell, В. Skeggs aplicira na analizi spolne strukture ter premikov 191
Ženske in kriminaliteta in vztrajanj v polju edukacije v Sloveniji ter ugotavljala, kako so premiki v tem polju vplivali na širše spremembe v spolni strukturi družbe v zadnjih nekaj dese tletjih. Na osnovi analize in interpretacije statističnih podatkiv v polju edukacije avtorica ugotavlja, da so strukture v polju edukacije vztrajne, saj se kljub temu, da so dekleta in ženske v zadnjih nekaj desetletjih na tem področju dosegle velike uspehe, to ni zamajlo obstoječih spolnih režimov teh institucij, saj najprestižnejša ter simbolno najpomembnejša mesta, mesta moči še vedno prevladujoče zasedajo moški. Homosocialna preprodukcija je na teh mestih izrazita, opravičujejo pa jo z navidez nevtranimi pravili in meritokratskimi principi, ki da so po naravi brez spolni. Podobno velja tudi za podorčje prava. Iz pričujoče analize bi bilo zato težko sklepati, da so kazniva dejanja žensk poseldica pridobljene družbene moči, temveč prej iz občutka nemoči in deprivilegiranosti. Katja Filipčič Intimnopartnersko nasilje kot dejavnik ženske kriminalitete Nasilje v intimnopartnerskih zvezah je dejavnik ženske kriminalitete. To potrjujejo številne empirične študije, ki ugotavljajo, daje delež žrtev med sto rilkami večji kot med ženskami v splošni populaciji. Kriminološka literatura se posebej posveča ženskam, ki so ubile partnerja, ki jih je pred tem dalj časa zlorabljal. Na osnovi teorije kroga nasilja je bil oblikovan sindrom pretepene ženske. Pojasnjuje, zakaj ženska ne zapusti nasilnega partnerja, ampak vztraja v nasilnem odnosu in zakaj postane sama nasilna do partnerja. Manj je raziskan
učinek viktimiziranosti na izvrševanje drugih kaznivih dejanj. Več pozornosti je tudi treba nameniti vprašanju, ali so tradicionalni instituti kazenskega prava ustrezni za obravnavo takšnih storilk, kako naj viktimiziranost storilk odraža pri njihovem kaznovanju in kako naj sistem izvrševanja kazni upošteva dejstvo, da je veliko obsojenk doživelo (ali v času izvrševanja kazni še doživlja) nasilje v intimnopartnerski zvezi. Mojca M. Plesničar Kaznovanje žensk v Sloveniji Poglavje analizira trende v kaznovanju žensk v Sloveniji v zadnjih desetletjih. Največ prostora je posvečenega kaznovalni politiki slovenskih sodišč in načinom, na katere sodišča kaznujejo storilke kaznivih dejanj. Trend gre v smeri zaostrovanja kaznovanja žensk, česar ni mogoče pojasniti s katero izmed širših razlag, nastalih v drugačnih sistemih in kontekstih. Do sprememb namreč prihaja kljub temu, da 192
Povzetki na sistemski ravni ni prišlo do pomembnih razlik niti pri načinu izrekanja sankcij niti v strukturi ženske kriminalitete. Kar se zdi, daje spremembam bolj botrovalo, so spremenjene družbene razmere, ki vplivajo tako na kaznovanje in kaznovalno politiko na splošno, kot na vlogo žensk in ženskih storil v družbi. Dragan Petrovec Zenski zapor nekoč in danes Izkušnja ženskega zapora po uvedbi demokratičnih načel dela z obsojenimi v sedemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja je bila edinstvena v takratnem jugoslovan skem prostoru. Tudi v svetu ni bilo podobnih sistemov. Ustrezna oznaka bi bila - ne alternativa zaporni kazni ampak alternativna zaporna kazen. Rezultat po dveh letih od uvedbe novega koncepta tretmana je bil tak, da je iz zaprtega zavoda nastal popolnoma odprt za devetdeset odstotkov obsojenih, ne glede na kaznivo dejanje in ne glede na dolžino kazni. Število zlorab takega režima je bilo minimal no, povratništvo pa trikrat manjše kot v povprečju v ostalih slovenskih zaporih. Z osamosvojitvijo, novo kazensko zakonodajo in ob neustreznem pojmovanju svobode ter demokracije seje položaj obsojenih poslabšal, spremembe v vodstvu zaporske administracije pa so povzročile počasen a zanesljiv umik rehabilitacijske prakse, ki jo je nadomestila ideologija varnosti in nadzorovanja. Darja Tadič Posebnosti zapora za ženske z vidika stikov z zunanjim svetom V prispevku so predstavljeni nekateri dejavniki, ki vplivajo na stike zaprtih žensk z zunanjim svetom. Poleg pogosto večje oddaljenosti od doma v času pre stajanja kazni in slabšega ekonomskega položaja, so pomembni tudi
tisti dejavniki, ki izhajajo iz družbenih pričakovanj, nalog in norm v zvezi z ženskimi spolnimi vlogami, zlasti vlogami v družinskem kontekstu. Rezultati analize kažejo, da se tudi zaprte ženske v Sloveniji soočajo s tovrstnimi značilnostmi na področju ohra njanja stikov z zunanjim svetom. Rezultati so pokazali tudi na nekatere dodatne vidike napetosti med željo po stikih in ovirami na poti do njih, denimo nasilje med zaprtimi ženskami in vpliv dinamike zaporskega sistema ugodnosti. 193
Women and criminality ABSTRACTS Milena Tripković, Mojca M. Plesničar Women, crime rates and punishment: A global view Questions of the relationship between women and crime are complex and entail a variety of different considerations. While acknowledging this, this chapter looks at universal or global trends and seeks for commonalities and differences among different cultural, geographic, economic, and other systems with regard to crimes committed by women and the punishment they receive. We show that there are significant differences in how crime rates for offending women are changing through time when compared to how the trends in sentencing and punishing these women are changing. The reasons for both are multiple and intertwined, but we aim at portraying the differences and pointing at possible interpretations. Alenka Selih Female criminality in Slovenia, 2003 - 2015 The chapter at first reviews materials published on this topic in Slovenia since 1990. As elsewhere, the topic is relatively rarely dealt with. Among the published literature, there is some dealing with theoretical issues on women crime and some analyses of it, especially in Slovenia. The chapter then gives an overview of crime rates for women offenders in Slovenia from 2003 to 2016 and in some instances from 1985 onward. It provides police data as well as data on sentenced women and those serving their prison sentences. The data prove that women crime in Slovenia has been similar to this phenomenon in other countries: the percentage of women among all suspects between 2003 and 2016 varied between 15.8% and
21.4%; among sentenced between 11.70% and 14.89%. The analysis of the longer time span - from 1985 till 2016 - shows, however, that the number of all sentenced persons heavily decreased between 1990 - 1995; since then it has been steadily on the increase and has in 2016 reached approximately the same level as before 1990. This holds true for female as well as for male offenders. As far as courts’ penal policy is concerned, the sanction most frequently applied to women offenders is the suspended sentence, in which imprisonment is set forth in case of revocation (80%). As for the use of imprisonment, it has more than 195
Ženske in kriminaliteta doubled between 2006 and 2016 - from 6.0% to 13.0%. The use of the rest of the sanctions (e.g. fine) is not significant. This trend of increased use of imprisonment is mirrored in the correctional system, where a steady increase of female inmates has been observed. This severity of penal policy does not reflects any significant increase of women crime rates nor its increased dangerousness, but rather the changed penal policy of the Slovenian courts. This can be explained with an increased level of puni tiveness, which has been gaining ground in almost all European criminal justice systems during the last three decades. Hajrija Sijerčić - Colic Female criminality in Bosnia and Herzegovina The Paper presents the results of the empirical research on the extent and phenomenology of female criminality in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period 2012-2016. The main aim of the study is not only to contribute to the estimate of the current situation regarding the structure of female criminality and its tenden cies during the last half-decade, but also to encourage a discussion about female criminality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, its aetiology and phenomenology. The results of the research confirm that when compared to men women rarely appear as offenders in Bosnia and Herzegovina (female offenders constitute only 10% of all offenders reported in the period 2012-2016). Regarding the phenomenology of female criminality, empirical data about convicted women confirm that they still commit those criminal offences that have traditionally been tied to women, but they
also commit some new offences. Irma Kovčo Vukadin Female crime in Croatia: frequency, structure and response The criminality of women is a very important research topic that has so far not been studied in full. The purpose of this paper is an overview and analysis of Croatian official data on the frequency of adult female offending, the structure of female crime, the gender structure of criminal justice agencies, and academic interest for female crime in Croatia. Four research questions were set up. The first refers to the visibility of females in official data of crime in Croatia. The analysis of official sources shows that women are becoming more visible in official crime data. The second question deals with the changes in frequency and structure of female crime in Croatia in the period from 1998 to 2012. General data about the 196
Abstracts share of women in total crime in Croatia in the period from 1990 to 2016 show that the share of women in total number of reported persons does not exceeds 18%, and for the total number of convicted persons 13%. In the period from 1998 to 2012, adult women mostly committed property crimes. There are changes in trends for some types of criminal offences. Thirdly, the analysis of the gender structure of criminal justice agencies confirms the notion of the feminization of the criminal justice system. Finally, a limited analysis of Croatian academic interest for women’s crime shows a lack of comprehensive interest for this topic. Zoran Kanduč Women, crime, deviance, and control The text is set into three sections. The introductory part begins with an analysis of the relationship between women and criminal men. Woman can be a motivation for criminal behaviour, user of criminal merchandise, and generator of direct or indirect incentives for acquisitive unlawful activities realized by men. Secondly, the text deals with the role of women in the reproduction of social conformism. It pays special attention to the effects of the post-modem transformation of the feminine gender as a social and cultural category. This important change has con siderably broadened the possibilities of organization of one’s personal and private life. The central part includes the account of the role of mothers in the genesis of the criminal behaviour of their offspring. What follows is the analysis of historical and cultural changes of conceptions and treatments of feminine sexual deviations, in
particular prostitution, whose normative status is still very controversial, even nowadays. The final part deals shortly with the relationship between the achie ved emancipation of women on the one hand and capitalist and neo-patriarchal oppression, exploitation, and other kinds of violence on the other hand. Milica Antič Gaber Changes in the gender structure of the contemporary Slovenian society The paper discusses gender structure in contemporary Slovenian society. For its point of departure, it takes the view that gender structure is one of the most important stmctures that has long been considered natural and unchangeable, and therefore unproblematic. The author applies theoretical starting points (gender structuring, gender regime, gender order) of P. Bourdieu, R. Connell, and B. Skeggs, to the analysis of the gender stmcture, as well as its shifts and persistences in the field of education in Slovenia. This is done in order to analyse how the 197
Ženske in kriminaliteta movements in this field influenced the wider changes in the gender structure of society in the last few decades. Based on the analysis and interpretation of sta tistical data in the field of education, the author concludes that the structures in the field of education are persistent. Despite the fact that girls and women have achieved great success in the last few decades, this did not diminish the existing gender regimes of these institutions: men still predominantly occupy the most prestigious and symbolically most important positions, the positions of power. Homosocial reproduction is pronounced in these fields, but justified by seemingly neutral rules and meritocratic principles, which are by nature genderless. The same applies to the professions in the field of law. It would therefore be difficult to conclude, based on the analysis that the criminal offenses of women result from their achieved social power, but rather from a sense of helplessness and their deprivileged positions. Katja Filipčič Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for women’s criminality Intimate partner violence is a significant factor in women’s criminality. Nume rous empirical studies confirm this: the proportion of victims among perpetrators is greater than among women in the general population. Criminological literature is especially devoted to women who killed a violent partner. Based on the theory of the circle of violence, a battered woman’s syndrome is formed. It explains why a woman does not leave a violent partner, but persists in a violent relationship, and
why she becomes violent towards her partner. The impact of victimization on perpetrators of other crimes is less explored. More attention should also be paid to the question of whether traditional criminal law is appropriate to deal with such offenders, how the victimization of offenders is reflected in their punishment, and how the system of the enforcement of sentences should be taken into account by the fact that many offenders have experienced intimate partner violence. Mojca M. Plesničar Punishment of women in Slovenia The chapter analyses trends in the punishment of women in Slovenia in recent decades. Most of the space is dedicated to the penal policy of Slovenian courts and the ways in which women offenders are punished. The trend is in line with global trends and goes towards a harsher treatment of women offenders. However, the trend in Slovenia cannot be explained by any of the broader explanations created 198
Abstracts in different systems and contexts. The changes have occurred regardless of the lack of any significant reforms or changes in sentencing structures or ranges and regardless of the structure of female crime. What seems to be more likely to have led to changes in punishment of women, is the changed social context, which affects both punishment and penal policy in general, and the role of women and women in society. Dragan Petrovec Women’s prison once and today The experience in Slovenia’s only women’s prison institution after the introduc tion of democratic principles of work with delinquents in the 1970s was unique in the former Yugoslav region. Neither were there similar systems in the world. The appropriate mark would be - not an alternative to a prison sentence but an alternative imprisonment. Two years after the introduction of the new concept of treatment, the prison institution turned to be completely open for the ninety percent of inmates, regardless of the criminal offense and regardless of the length of the sentence. The number of abuses of such a regime was minimal, and re offending was three times lower than was the average in other Slovenian prisons. With independence, new criminal legislation and an inadequate understanding of freedom and democracy, the situation of the convicted persons deteriorated, and the changes in the leadership of the prison administration led to a slow but steady withdrawal of rehabilitation practices, which were replaced by security and surveillance. Darja Tadič The specifics of women’s prison in terms of their contacts with
the outside world The chapter presents some of the factors that influence the contacts of impriso ned women with the outside world. In addition to the often greater distance from home while serving sentences and poorer economic conditions, other factors that derive from social expectations, tasks and norms related to women’s gender roles are also important, especially in the family context. The role of the benefits system in prison for women is also presented. The results of the analysis of several sets of data show that women in Slovenia are confronted with such characteristics of maintaining contact with the outside world as well. The results also show some new aspects of the tension between desire and need for contacts, as well as obstacles 199
Ženske in kriminaliteta on the way, such as violence between imprisoned women and the particular key role of the prison-benefit system. Martina Tomori Motherhood and prison Understanding the issue of motherhood in incarcerated women does not cover just legal and organizational questions but several psychological and cultural as well. The contemporary science of personality development focuses on the quality of early experiences of the child and his/her relationship with the person who takes care for him/her. The extent of fulfilling the maternal role in our culture may be closely related to the women’s self-respect. This connection can be a serious constraint for the incarcerated women separated from their children and family. The chapter deals with the question of parental capacities of the mothers in prison, their mental health and their relationships with their children during their incarceration. The need for comprehensive parenting programs is specially accentuated. 200
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KAZALO: Predgovor. 7 Women’s crime and punishment worldwide, Milena Tripković in Mojca M. Plesničar. 9 Kriminaliteta žensk v Sloveniji v obdobju 2003 ֊2015, Alenka Selih. 25 Kriminalitet žena u Bosni і Hercegovini, Hajrija Sijerčič-Čolič. 45 Kriminalitet žena u Hrvatskoj: opseg, struktura і odgovor, Irma Kovčo Vukadin . 63 Zenske, kriminalnost, deviantnost in nadzor, Zoran Kanduč. 91 Spremembe v spolni strukturi sodobne slovenske družbe: edukacija, pravo in družbena moč, Milica Antič Gaber . 107 Intimnopartnersko nasilje kot dejavnik ženske kriminalitete, Katja Filipčič. 119 Kaznovanje žensk v Sloveniji, Mojca M. Plesničar . 135 Ženski zapor nekoč in danes, Dragan Petrovec. 151 Posebnosti zapora za ženske z vidika stikov z zunanjim svetom, Darja Tadič. 163 Materinstvo in zapor, Martina Tomori . 175 Povzetki v
slovenščini. 191 Povzetki v angleščini . 195 Predstavitev avtoric in avtorjev . 201 Recenzije. 204
Ženske in kriminaliteta Značilnosti ženske kriminalitete in družbeno odzivanje nanjo POVZETKI Milena Tripkovič, Mojca M. Plesničar Zenske, kriminaliteta in kaznovanje: globalni vidik Odnos med ženskami in kriminaliteto je kompleksen in njegova analiza terja številne premisleke. Upoštevaje to dejstvo, bo to poglavje posvečeno obravnavi univerzalnih ali globalnih trendov v zvezi s kriminaliteto in kaznovanjem žensk. Ob tem bomo skušali prikazati in upoštevati podobnosti in razlike med različnimi kulturnimi, geografskimi, gospodarskimi in drugimi sistemi. Pokazali bomo, da obstajajo pomembne razlike med spremembami v zvezi s stopnjo kriminalitete žensk ter trendi, ki se kažejo pri kaznovanju teh žensk za njihova kazniva dejanja. Razlogi za oboje so zelo mnogoteri in včasih zelo prepleteni, vendar si bomo prizadevali jasno prikazati razlike in opozoriti na možne interpretacije. Alenka Selih Kriminaliteta žensk v Sloveniji v obdobju 2003 - 2015 Prispevek najprej prikaže strokovno literaturo o problemih ženske kriminalitete, objavljeni v Sloveniji po letu 1991. Ta tema je bila redko predmet obravnave; med objavljenimi deli najdemo nekaj prispevkov, ki obravnavajo teoretična stališča o kriminaliteti žensk in nekaj prikazov analiz tega pojava predvsem v Sloveniji. Prispevek prikazuje gibanje kriminalitete žensk v Sloveniji - upoštevajoč dostop nost podatkov - od 2003 do 2016; glede nekaterih podatkov pa tudi od leta 1985 dalje. Pri tem podaja podatke policijske , sodne in penitencíame statistike. Podatki kažejo, da se je kriminaliteta žensk v preteklih desetletjih gibala v
okvirih, ki so primerljivi s tem pojavom v drugih sistemih: delež žensk med ovadenimi se je v letih 2003 in 2016 gibal med 15,8% in 21,4%; med obsojenimi pa - v približno enakem obdobju - med 11,70% in 14,89%. To so deleži, ki so podobni tistim, ki jih ugotavljajo tudi drugod. Analiza daljšega obdobje ֊ med 1985 in 2016 - pa pokaže, da se je število vseh obsojenih (in tudi žensk) v letih 1990 - 1995 izrazito znižalo; odtlej dalje pa se povečuje, tako daje v letu 2016 doseglo približno enako raven kot pred letom 1990. 189
Ženske in kriminaliteta Kar zadeva kaznovalno politiko sodiš, izstopa sankcija pogojne obsodbe, v kateri je določena kazen zapora (80%), uporaba kazni zapora pa se je med 2006 in 2016 povečala za več kot 100% - od 6,0% na 13,0%. Preostale sankcije se uporabljajo v zanemarljivih deležih. Taka kaznovalna politika sodišče se odraža tudi v zavodu za izvrševanje kazni - tu je mogoče opaziti izrazit trend naraščanja vse od leta 1998. Ta poostritev kaznovalne politike ne odraža povečanja ženske kriminalitete niti njene (morebitne) povečane nevarnosti temveč spremenjeno kaznovalno politiko slovenskih sodišč. Toje mogoče obrazložiti s povečano stopnjo represivnosti, ki se pojavlja v vseh kazenskopravnih sistemih Sijerčić-Čolić Hajrija Zenska kriminaliteta v Bosni in Hercegovini Prispevek predstavlja ugotovitve empirične raziskave o pojavnih oblikah in obsegu kriminalitete žensk v Bosni in Hercegovini v obdobju od leta 2012 do 2016. Namen empirične raziskave ni bil le prispevati k oceni aktualnega stanja glede strukture kriminalitete žensk in gibanja te kriminalitete v zadnjih petih letih, temveč tudi spodbuditi razpravo o kriminaliteti žensk v Bosni in Hercego vini nasploh, poiskati vzroke zanjo in raziskati njene pojavne oblike. Ugotovitve empirične raziskave potrjujejo tezo, daje med storilci kaznivih dejanj v Bosni in Hercegovini delež žensk veliko manjši kot delež moških (med vsemi prijavljenimi kaznivimi dejanji v raziskovanem obdobju so bile ženske storilke le v 10 odstot kih primerov). Glede pojavnih oblik kriminalitete žensk pa podatki iz raziskave o obsojenih ženskah
potrjujejo, da so ženske še vedno storilke tistih kaznivih dejanj, ki so z ženskami že po tradiciji povezana, da pa so ženske zastopane tudi med osebami, ki so bile obsojene za nekatera nova kazniva dejanja. Irma Kovčo Vukadin Zenska kriminaliteta na Hrvaškem: obseg, struktura in odgovor Ženska kriminaliteta je pomembna raziskovalna tema, ki še vedno ni v celoti raziskana. Namen prispevka je prikaz in analiza hrvaških uradnih podatkov o obsegu kriminalitete polnoletnih žensk, strukturi ženske kriminalitete in spolni strukturi zaposlenih v kazenskem pravosodju. Zastavljena so štiri raziskovalna vprašanja. Prvo se nanaša na vidnost žensk v uradni statistiki kriminalitete na Hrvaškem. Analiza podatkov kaže, da postajajo ženske vedno bolj vidne v uradni kriminalitetni statistiki. Drugo raziskovalno vprašanje zajema analizo sprememb 190
Povzetki obsega in strukture ženske kriminalitete na Hrvaškem v obdobju od 1998. do 2012. leta. Splošni podatki o deležu ženske kriminalitete v celotni kriminaliteti (za obdobje od 1990. do 2016. leta) kažejo, da delež žensk med prijavljenimi osebami ne presega 18%, med obsojenimi pa predstavlja 13%. V obdobju od 1998. do 2012. leta so polnoletne ženske najpogosteje izvršile premoženjska kazniva dejanja, obstajajo pa določene spremembe v trendih glede pogostosti v izvrševanju posamičnih skupin kaznivih dejanj. Analiza spolne strukture žensk, zaposlenih v organih kazenskega pravosodja (tretje raziskovalno vprašanje), izkazuje »feminizacijo« kazenskega pravosodja. Omejena analiza znanstvenega interesa za žensko kriminaliteto na Hrvaškem (četrto raziskovalno vprašanje) pa priča o odsotnosti celovitega interesa za žensko kriminaliteto. Zoran Kanduč Ženske, kriminalnost, deviantnost in nadzor Besedilo je razdeljeno na tri tematske sklope. Uvodni del se začenja z analizo razmerja med ženskami in moškimi kriminalci. Ženske so lahko motiv za kri minalni vedenje, uživalke plena ali (ne)posredne spodbujevalke protipravnega okoriščanja, ki ga realizirajo moški storilci. V nadaljevanju je prikazana vloga žensk pri reprodukciji družbenega konformizma. Posebna pozornost je namenjena učinkom postmoderne transformacije ženskega spola kot družbene in kulturne kategorije, ki je precej razširila možne (in dopustne) oblike organizacije zaseb nega življenja. Osrednji del vključuje zgoščen prikaz vloge mater pri genezi kriminalnega vedenja potomcev. Sledi analiza v času in prostoru
spreminjajočih se dojemanj in obravnavanj ženskih spolnih deviacij, še zlasti prostitucije, katere vrednosti in normativni status je precej kontroverzen še dandanes. V sklepnem delu je na kratko obravnavano razmerje med doseženo emancipacijo žensk ter kapitalističnim in (neo)patriarhalnim zatiranjem, izkoriščanjem in drugimi obli kami nasilja. Milica Antič Gaber Spremembe v spolni strukturi sodobne slovenske družbe Pričujoči prispevek razpravlja na temo spolnega strukturiranja sodobne sloven ske družbe in izhaja iz stališča, daje spolna struktura ena pomembnejših struktur, kije bila dolgo časa veljala za naravno in nespremenljiva ter zato neproblematično. Avtorica teoretska izhodišča (spolno strukturiranje, spolni režimi, spolni red) P. Bourdieu, R. Connell, В. Skeggs aplicira na analizi spolne strukture ter premikov 191
Ženske in kriminaliteta in vztrajanj v polju edukacije v Sloveniji ter ugotavljala, kako so premiki v tem polju vplivali na širše spremembe v spolni strukturi družbe v zadnjih nekaj dese tletjih. Na osnovi analize in interpretacije statističnih podatkiv v polju edukacije avtorica ugotavlja, da so strukture v polju edukacije vztrajne, saj se kljub temu, da so dekleta in ženske v zadnjih nekaj desetletjih na tem področju dosegle velike uspehe, to ni zamajlo obstoječih spolnih režimov teh institucij, saj najprestižnejša ter simbolno najpomembnejša mesta, mesta moči še vedno prevladujoče zasedajo moški. Homosocialna preprodukcija je na teh mestih izrazita, opravičujejo pa jo z navidez nevtranimi pravili in meritokratskimi principi, ki da so po naravi brez spolni. Podobno velja tudi za podorčje prava. Iz pričujoče analize bi bilo zato težko sklepati, da so kazniva dejanja žensk poseldica pridobljene družbene moči, temveč prej iz občutka nemoči in deprivilegiranosti. Katja Filipčič Intimnopartnersko nasilje kot dejavnik ženske kriminalitete Nasilje v intimnopartnerskih zvezah je dejavnik ženske kriminalitete. To potrjujejo številne empirične študije, ki ugotavljajo, daje delež žrtev med sto rilkami večji kot med ženskami v splošni populaciji. Kriminološka literatura se posebej posveča ženskam, ki so ubile partnerja, ki jih je pred tem dalj časa zlorabljal. Na osnovi teorije kroga nasilja je bil oblikovan sindrom pretepene ženske. Pojasnjuje, zakaj ženska ne zapusti nasilnega partnerja, ampak vztraja v nasilnem odnosu in zakaj postane sama nasilna do partnerja. Manj je raziskan
učinek viktimiziranosti na izvrševanje drugih kaznivih dejanj. Več pozornosti je tudi treba nameniti vprašanju, ali so tradicionalni instituti kazenskega prava ustrezni za obravnavo takšnih storilk, kako naj viktimiziranost storilk odraža pri njihovem kaznovanju in kako naj sistem izvrševanja kazni upošteva dejstvo, da je veliko obsojenk doživelo (ali v času izvrševanja kazni še doživlja) nasilje v intimnopartnerski zvezi. Mojca M. Plesničar Kaznovanje žensk v Sloveniji Poglavje analizira trende v kaznovanju žensk v Sloveniji v zadnjih desetletjih. Največ prostora je posvečenega kaznovalni politiki slovenskih sodišč in načinom, na katere sodišča kaznujejo storilke kaznivih dejanj. Trend gre v smeri zaostrovanja kaznovanja žensk, česar ni mogoče pojasniti s katero izmed širših razlag, nastalih v drugačnih sistemih in kontekstih. Do sprememb namreč prihaja kljub temu, da 192
Povzetki na sistemski ravni ni prišlo do pomembnih razlik niti pri načinu izrekanja sankcij niti v strukturi ženske kriminalitete. Kar se zdi, daje spremembam bolj botrovalo, so spremenjene družbene razmere, ki vplivajo tako na kaznovanje in kaznovalno politiko na splošno, kot na vlogo žensk in ženskih storil v družbi. Dragan Petrovec Zenski zapor nekoč in danes Izkušnja ženskega zapora po uvedbi demokratičnih načel dela z obsojenimi v sedemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja je bila edinstvena v takratnem jugoslovan skem prostoru. Tudi v svetu ni bilo podobnih sistemov. Ustrezna oznaka bi bila - ne alternativa zaporni kazni ampak alternativna zaporna kazen. Rezultat po dveh letih od uvedbe novega koncepta tretmana je bil tak, da je iz zaprtega zavoda nastal popolnoma odprt za devetdeset odstotkov obsojenih, ne glede na kaznivo dejanje in ne glede na dolžino kazni. Število zlorab takega režima je bilo minimal no, povratništvo pa trikrat manjše kot v povprečju v ostalih slovenskih zaporih. Z osamosvojitvijo, novo kazensko zakonodajo in ob neustreznem pojmovanju svobode ter demokracije seje položaj obsojenih poslabšal, spremembe v vodstvu zaporske administracije pa so povzročile počasen a zanesljiv umik rehabilitacijske prakse, ki jo je nadomestila ideologija varnosti in nadzorovanja. Darja Tadič Posebnosti zapora za ženske z vidika stikov z zunanjim svetom V prispevku so predstavljeni nekateri dejavniki, ki vplivajo na stike zaprtih žensk z zunanjim svetom. Poleg pogosto večje oddaljenosti od doma v času pre stajanja kazni in slabšega ekonomskega položaja, so pomembni tudi
tisti dejavniki, ki izhajajo iz družbenih pričakovanj, nalog in norm v zvezi z ženskimi spolnimi vlogami, zlasti vlogami v družinskem kontekstu. Rezultati analize kažejo, da se tudi zaprte ženske v Sloveniji soočajo s tovrstnimi značilnostmi na področju ohra njanja stikov z zunanjim svetom. Rezultati so pokazali tudi na nekatere dodatne vidike napetosti med željo po stikih in ovirami na poti do njih, denimo nasilje med zaprtimi ženskami in vpliv dinamike zaporskega sistema ugodnosti. 193
Women and criminality ABSTRACTS Milena Tripković, Mojca M. Plesničar Women, crime rates and punishment: A global view Questions of the relationship between women and crime are complex and entail a variety of different considerations. While acknowledging this, this chapter looks at universal or global trends and seeks for commonalities and differences among different cultural, geographic, economic, and other systems with regard to crimes committed by women and the punishment they receive. We show that there are significant differences in how crime rates for offending women are changing through time when compared to how the trends in sentencing and punishing these women are changing. The reasons for both are multiple and intertwined, but we aim at portraying the differences and pointing at possible interpretations. Alenka Selih Female criminality in Slovenia, 2003 - 2015 The chapter at first reviews materials published on this topic in Slovenia since 1990. As elsewhere, the topic is relatively rarely dealt with. Among the published literature, there is some dealing with theoretical issues on women crime and some analyses of it, especially in Slovenia. The chapter then gives an overview of crime rates for women offenders in Slovenia from 2003 to 2016 and in some instances from 1985 onward. It provides police data as well as data on sentenced women and those serving their prison sentences. The data prove that women crime in Slovenia has been similar to this phenomenon in other countries: the percentage of women among all suspects between 2003 and 2016 varied between 15.8% and
21.4%; among sentenced between 11.70% and 14.89%. The analysis of the longer time span - from 1985 till 2016 - shows, however, that the number of all sentenced persons heavily decreased between 1990 - 1995; since then it has been steadily on the increase and has in 2016 reached approximately the same level as before 1990. This holds true for female as well as for male offenders. As far as courts’ penal policy is concerned, the sanction most frequently applied to women offenders is the suspended sentence, in which imprisonment is set forth in case of revocation (80%). As for the use of imprisonment, it has more than 195
Ženske in kriminaliteta doubled between 2006 and 2016 - from 6.0% to 13.0%. The use of the rest of the sanctions (e.g. fine) is not significant. This trend of increased use of imprisonment is mirrored in the correctional system, where a steady increase of female inmates has been observed. This severity of penal policy does not reflects any significant increase of women crime rates nor its increased dangerousness, but rather the changed penal policy of the Slovenian courts. This can be explained with an increased level of puni tiveness, which has been gaining ground in almost all European criminal justice systems during the last three decades. Hajrija Sijerčić - Colic Female criminality in Bosnia and Herzegovina The Paper presents the results of the empirical research on the extent and phenomenology of female criminality in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period 2012-2016. The main aim of the study is not only to contribute to the estimate of the current situation regarding the structure of female criminality and its tenden cies during the last half-decade, but also to encourage a discussion about female criminality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, its aetiology and phenomenology. The results of the research confirm that when compared to men women rarely appear as offenders in Bosnia and Herzegovina (female offenders constitute only 10% of all offenders reported in the period 2012-2016). Regarding the phenomenology of female criminality, empirical data about convicted women confirm that they still commit those criminal offences that have traditionally been tied to women, but they
also commit some new offences. Irma Kovčo Vukadin Female crime in Croatia: frequency, structure and response The criminality of women is a very important research topic that has so far not been studied in full. The purpose of this paper is an overview and analysis of Croatian official data on the frequency of adult female offending, the structure of female crime, the gender structure of criminal justice agencies, and academic interest for female crime in Croatia. Four research questions were set up. The first refers to the visibility of females in official data of crime in Croatia. The analysis of official sources shows that women are becoming more visible in official crime data. The second question deals with the changes in frequency and structure of female crime in Croatia in the period from 1998 to 2012. General data about the 196
Abstracts share of women in total crime in Croatia in the period from 1990 to 2016 show that the share of women in total number of reported persons does not exceeds 18%, and for the total number of convicted persons 13%. In the period from 1998 to 2012, adult women mostly committed property crimes. There are changes in trends for some types of criminal offences. Thirdly, the analysis of the gender structure of criminal justice agencies confirms the notion of the feminization of the criminal justice system. Finally, a limited analysis of Croatian academic interest for women’s crime shows a lack of comprehensive interest for this topic. Zoran Kanduč Women, crime, deviance, and control The text is set into three sections. The introductory part begins with an analysis of the relationship between women and criminal men. Woman can be a motivation for criminal behaviour, user of criminal merchandise, and generator of direct or indirect incentives for acquisitive unlawful activities realized by men. Secondly, the text deals with the role of women in the reproduction of social conformism. It pays special attention to the effects of the post-modem transformation of the feminine gender as a social and cultural category. This important change has con siderably broadened the possibilities of organization of one’s personal and private life. The central part includes the account of the role of mothers in the genesis of the criminal behaviour of their offspring. What follows is the analysis of historical and cultural changes of conceptions and treatments of feminine sexual deviations, in
particular prostitution, whose normative status is still very controversial, even nowadays. The final part deals shortly with the relationship between the achie ved emancipation of women on the one hand and capitalist and neo-patriarchal oppression, exploitation, and other kinds of violence on the other hand. Milica Antič Gaber Changes in the gender structure of the contemporary Slovenian society The paper discusses gender structure in contemporary Slovenian society. For its point of departure, it takes the view that gender structure is one of the most important stmctures that has long been considered natural and unchangeable, and therefore unproblematic. The author applies theoretical starting points (gender structuring, gender regime, gender order) of P. Bourdieu, R. Connell, and B. Skeggs, to the analysis of the gender stmcture, as well as its shifts and persistences in the field of education in Slovenia. This is done in order to analyse how the 197
Ženske in kriminaliteta movements in this field influenced the wider changes in the gender structure of society in the last few decades. Based on the analysis and interpretation of sta tistical data in the field of education, the author concludes that the structures in the field of education are persistent. Despite the fact that girls and women have achieved great success in the last few decades, this did not diminish the existing gender regimes of these institutions: men still predominantly occupy the most prestigious and symbolically most important positions, the positions of power. Homosocial reproduction is pronounced in these fields, but justified by seemingly neutral rules and meritocratic principles, which are by nature genderless. The same applies to the professions in the field of law. It would therefore be difficult to conclude, based on the analysis that the criminal offenses of women result from their achieved social power, but rather from a sense of helplessness and their deprivileged positions. Katja Filipčič Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for women’s criminality Intimate partner violence is a significant factor in women’s criminality. Nume rous empirical studies confirm this: the proportion of victims among perpetrators is greater than among women in the general population. Criminological literature is especially devoted to women who killed a violent partner. Based on the theory of the circle of violence, a battered woman’s syndrome is formed. It explains why a woman does not leave a violent partner, but persists in a violent relationship, and
why she becomes violent towards her partner. The impact of victimization on perpetrators of other crimes is less explored. More attention should also be paid to the question of whether traditional criminal law is appropriate to deal with such offenders, how the victimization of offenders is reflected in their punishment, and how the system of the enforcement of sentences should be taken into account by the fact that many offenders have experienced intimate partner violence. Mojca M. Plesničar Punishment of women in Slovenia The chapter analyses trends in the punishment of women in Slovenia in recent decades. Most of the space is dedicated to the penal policy of Slovenian courts and the ways in which women offenders are punished. The trend is in line with global trends and goes towards a harsher treatment of women offenders. However, the trend in Slovenia cannot be explained by any of the broader explanations created 198
Abstracts in different systems and contexts. The changes have occurred regardless of the lack of any significant reforms or changes in sentencing structures or ranges and regardless of the structure of female crime. What seems to be more likely to have led to changes in punishment of women, is the changed social context, which affects both punishment and penal policy in general, and the role of women and women in society. Dragan Petrovec Women’s prison once and today The experience in Slovenia’s only women’s prison institution after the introduc tion of democratic principles of work with delinquents in the 1970s was unique in the former Yugoslav region. Neither were there similar systems in the world. The appropriate mark would be - not an alternative to a prison sentence but an alternative imprisonment. Two years after the introduction of the new concept of treatment, the prison institution turned to be completely open for the ninety percent of inmates, regardless of the criminal offense and regardless of the length of the sentence. The number of abuses of such a regime was minimal, and re offending was three times lower than was the average in other Slovenian prisons. With independence, new criminal legislation and an inadequate understanding of freedom and democracy, the situation of the convicted persons deteriorated, and the changes in the leadership of the prison administration led to a slow but steady withdrawal of rehabilitation practices, which were replaced by security and surveillance. Darja Tadič The specifics of women’s prison in terms of their contacts with
the outside world The chapter presents some of the factors that influence the contacts of impriso ned women with the outside world. In addition to the often greater distance from home while serving sentences and poorer economic conditions, other factors that derive from social expectations, tasks and norms related to women’s gender roles are also important, especially in the family context. The role of the benefits system in prison for women is also presented. The results of the analysis of several sets of data show that women in Slovenia are confronted with such characteristics of maintaining contact with the outside world as well. The results also show some new aspects of the tension between desire and need for contacts, as well as obstacles 199
Ženske in kriminaliteta on the way, such as violence between imprisoned women and the particular key role of the prison-benefit system. Martina Tomori Motherhood and prison Understanding the issue of motherhood in incarcerated women does not cover just legal and organizational questions but several psychological and cultural as well. The contemporary science of personality development focuses on the quality of early experiences of the child and his/her relationship with the person who takes care for him/her. The extent of fulfilling the maternal role in our culture may be closely related to the women’s self-respect. This connection can be a serious constraint for the incarcerated women separated from their children and family. The chapter deals with the question of parental capacities of the mothers in prison, their mental health and their relationships with their children during their incarceration. The need for comprehensive parenting programs is specially accentuated. 200 |
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| author | Plesničar, Mojca M. ca. 20./21. Jh Šelih, Alenka 1933- Filipčič, Katja |
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| author_facet | Plesničar, Mojca M. ca. 20./21. Jh Šelih, Alenka 1933- Filipčič, Katja Plesničar, Mojca M. ca. 20./21. Jh Šelih, Alenka 1933- Filipčič, Katja |
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| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:58:05Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T09:06:05Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789612680596 9612680590 |
| language | Slovenian |
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| publishDate | 2018 |
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| publisher | Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti Inštitut za kriminologjio pri Pravni fakulteti v Ljubljani |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Razprave / Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti, Razred za zgodovinske in družbene vede |
| spelling | Ženske in kriminaliteta značilnosti ženske kriminalitete in družbeno odzivanje nanjo = Women and criminality urednice: Mojca M. Plesničar, Alenka Šelih, Katja Filipčič Women and criminality Ljubljana Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti 2018 Ljubljana Inštitut za kriminologjio pri Pravni fakulteti v Ljubljani 208 strane Diagramme 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Razprave / Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti, Razred za zgodovinske in družbene vede 36 Prispevki v slov., angl., bos. ali hrv. - 300 izv. - Avtorice in avtorji: str. 201-203 Zusammenfassungen in englischer Sprache kazniva dejanja / družbeni vidik Ženske / Kriminaliteta / Zborniki ssg Frauenkriminalität (DE-588)4155235-0 gnd rswk-swf Öffentliche Meinung (DE-588)4043152-6 gnd rswk-swf Soziale Probleme (DE-588)4139770-8 gnd rswk-swf Slowenien (DE-588)4055302-4 gnd rswk-swf Slowenien (DE-588)4055302-4 g Frauenkriminalität (DE-588)4155235-0 s Soziale Probleme (DE-588)4139770-8 s Öffentliche Meinung (DE-588)4043152-6 s DE-604 Plesničar, Mojca M. ca. 20./21. Jh. (DE-588)1235905829 edt aut Šelih, Alenka 1933- (DE-588)133188639 edt aut Filipčič, Katja (DE-588)1213314666 edt aut Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti, Razred za zgodovinske in družbene vede Razprave 36 (DE-604)BV002557633 36 Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032627434&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032627434&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB München 19 - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032627434&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Plesničar, Mojca M. ca. 20./21. Jh Šelih, Alenka 1933- Filipčič, Katja Ženske in kriminaliteta značilnosti ženske kriminalitete in družbeno odzivanje nanjo = Women and criminality kazniva dejanja / družbeni vidik Ženske / Kriminaliteta / Zborniki ssg Frauenkriminalität (DE-588)4155235-0 gnd Öffentliche Meinung (DE-588)4043152-6 gnd Soziale Probleme (DE-588)4139770-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4155235-0 (DE-588)4043152-6 (DE-588)4139770-8 (DE-588)4055302-4 |
| title | Ženske in kriminaliteta značilnosti ženske kriminalitete in družbeno odzivanje nanjo = Women and criminality |
| title_alt | Women and criminality |
| title_auth | Ženske in kriminaliteta značilnosti ženske kriminalitete in družbeno odzivanje nanjo = Women and criminality |
| title_exact_search | Ženske in kriminaliteta značilnosti ženske kriminalitete in družbeno odzivanje nanjo = Women and criminality |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Ženske in kriminaliteta značilnosti ženske kriminalitete in družbeno odzivanje nanjo = Women and criminality |
| title_full | Ženske in kriminaliteta značilnosti ženske kriminalitete in družbeno odzivanje nanjo = Women and criminality urednice: Mojca M. Plesničar, Alenka Šelih, Katja Filipčič |
| title_fullStr | Ženske in kriminaliteta značilnosti ženske kriminalitete in družbeno odzivanje nanjo = Women and criminality urednice: Mojca M. Plesničar, Alenka Šelih, Katja Filipčič |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ženske in kriminaliteta značilnosti ženske kriminalitete in družbeno odzivanje nanjo = Women and criminality urednice: Mojca M. Plesničar, Alenka Šelih, Katja Filipčič |
| title_short | Ženske in kriminaliteta |
| title_sort | zenske in kriminaliteta znacilnosti zenske kriminalitete in druzbeno odzivanje nanjo women and criminality |
| title_sub | značilnosti ženske kriminalitete in družbeno odzivanje nanjo = Women and criminality |
| topic | kazniva dejanja / družbeni vidik Ženske / Kriminaliteta / Zborniki ssg Frauenkriminalität (DE-588)4155235-0 gnd Öffentliche Meinung (DE-588)4043152-6 gnd Soziale Probleme (DE-588)4139770-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | kazniva dejanja / družbeni vidik Ženske / Kriminaliteta / Zborniki Frauenkriminalität Öffentliche Meinung Soziale Probleme Slowenien |
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