Indirect speech acts:
"To achieve successful communication, it is crucial to say clearly what we mean, but, at the same time, we need to pay attention to the form of our utterances, to avoid misunderstandings and the risk of offending our interlocutors. To avoid these pitfalls, we use a special category of utterance...
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge, UK ; New York
Cambridge University Press
[2021]
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Schriftenreihe: | Key topics in semantics and pragmatics
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
Zusammenfassung: | "To achieve successful communication, it is crucial to say clearly what we mean, but, at the same time, we need to pay attention to the form of our utterances, to avoid misunderstandings and the risk of offending our interlocutors. To avoid these pitfalls, we use a special category of utterances called "indirect speech acts" (ISAs) that enable an optimal balance between clarity and politeness. But how do interpreters identify the meaning of these ISAs? And how does the social context influence the use of ISAs? This book attempts to answer these questions. It deals with the main theoretical and empirical questions surrounding the meaning and usage of ISAs, drawing on the latest research and neuroimaging data. Adopting a truly interdisciplinary perspective, it will appeal to students and scholars from diverse backgrounds, and anyone interested in exploring this phenomenon, which is so pervasive in our daily lives"-- |
Beschreibung: | xii, 226 Seiten Diagramme |
ISBN: | 9781108483179 1108483178 9781108716482 1108716482 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | Contents Acknowledgements List of Tables x List of Figures xi Abbreviations xii Introduction page viii 1 1 Classic Speech Act Theoretic Approaches 5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 Introduction 5 Generative Semantics 6 Austin tl Grice 13 Searle’s Speech Act Theory 16 Bach and Harnish 21 Recanati 24 Weak Literalism 26 Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Theory 29 Conventionalized and Standardized ISAs 31 1.10.1 Conventionality of Means 32 1.10.2 Standardization 35 1.11 Summaiy 41 1.12 Discussion Questions 41 1.13 Suggestions for Further Reading 42 2 The Semantics of Sentence-Types 43 2.1 Introduction 43 2.2 Imperatives 43 2.2.1 Neo-Literalist Approaches to Imperatives 43 2.2.2 The Features of Imperatives 46 2.3 Interrogative Sentences 51 2.3.1 What Is a ‘Question’? 51 2.3.2 Why Interrogative Requests for Information Are Direct 2.3.3 Rhetorical Questions 66 2.3.4 Interrogatives and Declaratives As Indirect Requests 69 2.4 Deontic Modal Declaratives: Indirect Requests for Action? 75
Contents 2.5 Summary 79 2.6 Discussion Questions 80 2.7 Suggestions for Further Reading 80 3 Cognitive and Relevance-Based Approaches 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 81 Introduction 81 Cognitive Linguistic Approaches 81 3.2.1 A Graded Notion of Speech Act Conventionality 81 3.2.2 Illocutionary Force Salience 85 Relevance Theory 90 3.3.1 Maximal Relevance 91 3.3.2 Extra Processing for Indirect Requests? 94 3.3.3 Extra Cognitive Effects in Indirect Requests? 98 3.3.4 Standardized Indirect Requests and Speakers’ Preferences 101 The Graded Salience Hypothesis 104 Summary 105 Discussion Questions 105 Suggestions for Further Reading 106 4 The Comprehension of IS As 107 4.1 4.2 Introduction 107 Processing Differences between Sentences Used Directly or Indirectly 108 4.3 Processing Differences between Direct and Indirect SAs 111 4.4 Are Indirect Speech Acts Necessarily Secondary? 114 4.5 Three Linguistic Factors Influencing the Processing of ISAs 116 4.5.1 Conventionality of Means 116 4.5.2 Degrees of Standardization 120 4.5.3 Illocutionary Force Salience 126 4.6 Measures of Cognitive Processing: Some Clarification 128 4.7 Eye-Tracking Experiments into the Interpretation of ISAs 132 4.8 Prosodic Aspects of ISA Comprehension 135 4.9 Summary 139 4.10 Discussion Questions 139 4.11 Suggestions for Further Reading 140 5 Indirectness, Politeness and the Social Context 141 5.1 5.2 Introduction 141 The Reasons behind Indirectness 141 5.2.1 Face-Threat and Politeness 142 5.2.2 ‘Communication’ without Commitment 146 5.2.3 Multiple Meanings, Immediacy and Intimacy 150 5.3 Face Concerns and Social
Variables 151 5.3.1 Status Asymmetries 153 5.3.2 Degree of Imposition 160 5.3.3 Social Distance 163
vii Contents 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.3.4 Status, Imposition and Distance 164 5.3.5 Gender-Based Differences 165 5.3.6 Individual Variables 170 Explicitness and Face-Threat in Complaints 172 Summary 179 Discussion Questions 179 Suggestions for Further Reading 180 6 Computational and Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Indirectness 181 6.1 6.2 Introduction 181 Computational Models of ISA Interpretation 181 6.2.1 Plan-Based Approaches 182 6.2.2 Specific Interpretation Rules 183 6.2.3 Hybrid Approaches 184 6.2.4 Indirect Directives and Reasons to Act 185 6.3 Indirectness in Human-Robot Interactions 186 6.3.1 Do People Use Indirectness with Robots? 188 6.3.2 How to Make a Robot Disambiguate ISA Utterances 6.4 Summary 196 6.5 Discussion Questions 197 6.6 Suggestions for Further Reading 197 Conclusion 198 Glossary 202 References 206 Index 221 189
To achieve successful communication, it is crucial to say clearly what we mean, but, at the same time, we need to pay attention to the form of our utterances, to avoid misunderstandings and the risk of offending our interlocutors. To avoid these pitfalls, we use a special category of utter ances called indirect speech acts (ISAs) that enable an optimal balance between clarity and politeness. But how do interpreters identify the meaning of these ISAs? And how does the social context influence the use of ISAs? This book attempts to answer these questions. It deals with the main theoretical and empirical questions surrounding the meaning and usage of ISAs, drawing on the latest research and neuroimaging data. Adopting a truly interdisciplinary perspective, it will appeal to students and scholars from diverse backgrounds, and anyone interested in exploring this phenomenon, which is so pervasive in our daily lives. Nicolas Ruytenbeek specializes in experimental approaches to speech acts and politeness, using a combination of corpus data and psychophysiological methods. He is a postdoctoral researcher at the Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Department of Translation, Interpreting and Communication, Ghent University.
This excellent book will take novices from the early philosophical liter ature on indirect speech acts, through the linguistic theories that have sought to extend these observations, and on to current investigations into human-robot interactions and Twitter complaints. Those more familiar with the field will still enjoy the journey, and undoubtedly learn a good deal along the way. Mark 3ary, University of Roehampton
|
adam_txt |
Contents Acknowledgements List of Tables x List of Figures xi Abbreviations xii Introduction page viii 1 1 Classic Speech Act Theoretic Approaches 5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 Introduction 5 Generative Semantics 6 Austin tl Grice 13 Searle’s Speech Act Theory 16 Bach and Harnish 21 Recanati 24 Weak Literalism 26 Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Theory 29 Conventionalized and Standardized ISAs 31 1.10.1 Conventionality of Means 32 1.10.2 Standardization 35 1.11 Summaiy 41 1.12 Discussion Questions 41 1.13 Suggestions for Further Reading 42 2 The Semantics of Sentence-Types 43 2.1 Introduction 43 2.2 Imperatives 43 2.2.1 Neo-Literalist Approaches to Imperatives 43 2.2.2 The Features of Imperatives 46 2.3 Interrogative Sentences 51 2.3.1 What Is a ‘Question’? 51 2.3.2 Why Interrogative Requests for Information Are Direct 2.3.3 Rhetorical Questions 66 2.3.4 Interrogatives and Declaratives As Indirect Requests 69 2.4 Deontic Modal Declaratives: Indirect Requests for Action? 75
Contents 2.5 Summary 79 2.6 Discussion Questions 80 2.7 Suggestions for Further Reading 80 3 Cognitive and Relevance-Based Approaches 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 81 Introduction 81 Cognitive Linguistic Approaches 81 3.2.1 A Graded Notion of Speech Act Conventionality 81 3.2.2 Illocutionary Force Salience 85 Relevance Theory 90 3.3.1 Maximal Relevance 91 3.3.2 Extra Processing for Indirect Requests? 94 3.3.3 Extra Cognitive Effects in Indirect Requests? 98 3.3.4 Standardized Indirect Requests and Speakers’ Preferences 101 The Graded Salience Hypothesis 104 Summary 105 Discussion Questions 105 Suggestions for Further Reading 106 4 The Comprehension of IS As 107 4.1 4.2 Introduction 107 Processing Differences between Sentences Used Directly or Indirectly 108 4.3 Processing Differences between Direct and Indirect SAs 111 4.4 Are Indirect Speech Acts Necessarily Secondary? 114 4.5 Three Linguistic Factors Influencing the Processing of ISAs 116 4.5.1 Conventionality of Means 116 4.5.2 Degrees of Standardization 120 4.5.3 Illocutionary Force Salience 126 4.6 Measures of Cognitive Processing: Some Clarification 128 4.7 Eye-Tracking Experiments into the Interpretation of ISAs 132 4.8 Prosodic Aspects of ISA Comprehension 135 4.9 Summary 139 4.10 Discussion Questions 139 4.11 Suggestions for Further Reading 140 5 Indirectness, Politeness and the Social Context 141 5.1 5.2 Introduction 141 The Reasons behind Indirectness 141 5.2.1 Face-Threat and Politeness 142 5.2.2 ‘Communication’ without Commitment 146 5.2.3 Multiple Meanings, Immediacy and Intimacy 150 5.3 Face Concerns and Social
Variables 151 5.3.1 Status Asymmetries 153 5.3.2 Degree of Imposition 160 5.3.3 Social Distance 163
vii Contents 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.3.4 Status, Imposition and Distance 164 5.3.5 Gender-Based Differences 165 5.3.6 Individual Variables 170 Explicitness and Face-Threat in Complaints 172 Summary 179 Discussion Questions 179 Suggestions for Further Reading 180 6 Computational and Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Indirectness 181 6.1 6.2 Introduction 181 Computational Models of ISA Interpretation 181 6.2.1 Plan-Based Approaches 182 6.2.2 Specific Interpretation Rules 183 6.2.3 Hybrid Approaches 184 6.2.4 Indirect Directives and Reasons to Act 185 6.3 Indirectness in Human-Robot Interactions 186 6.3.1 Do People Use Indirectness with Robots? 188 6.3.2 How to Make a Robot Disambiguate ISA Utterances 6.4 Summary 196 6.5 Discussion Questions 197 6.6 Suggestions for Further Reading 197 Conclusion 198 Glossary 202 References 206 Index 221 189
To achieve successful communication, it is crucial to say clearly what we mean, but, at the same time, we need to pay attention to the form of our utterances, to avoid misunderstandings and the risk of offending our interlocutors. To avoid these pitfalls, we use a special category of utter ances called 'indirect speech acts' (ISAs) that enable an optimal balance between clarity and politeness. But how do interpreters identify the meaning of these ISAs? And how does the social context influence the use of ISAs? This book attempts to answer these questions. It deals with the main theoretical and empirical questions surrounding the meaning and usage of ISAs, drawing on the latest research and neuroimaging data. Adopting a truly interdisciplinary perspective, it will appeal to students and scholars from diverse backgrounds, and anyone interested in exploring this phenomenon, which is so pervasive in our daily lives. Nicolas Ruytenbeek specializes in experimental approaches to speech acts and politeness, using a combination of corpus data and psychophysiological methods. He is a postdoctoral researcher at the Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Department of Translation, Interpreting and Communication, Ghent University.
This excellent book will take novices from the early philosophical liter ature on indirect speech acts, through the linguistic theories that have sought to extend these observations, and on to current investigations into human-robot interactions and Twitter complaints. Those more familiar with the field will still enjoy the journey, and undoubtedly learn a good deal along the way. Mark 3ary, University of Roehampton |
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spelling | Ruytenbeek, Nicolas 1985- Verfasser (DE-588)1237135303 aut Indirect speech acts Nicolas Ruytenbeek Cambridge, UK ; New York Cambridge University Press [2021] xii, 226 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Key topics in semantics and pragmatics Classic speech act theoretic approaches -- The semantics of sentence-types -- Coognitive and relevance-based approaches -- The comprehension of ISAs -- Indirectness, politeness, and the social context -- Computational and artificial intelligence approaches in indirectness -- Conclusions "To achieve successful communication, it is crucial to say clearly what we mean, but, at the same time, we need to pay attention to the form of our utterances, to avoid misunderstandings and the risk of offending our interlocutors. To avoid these pitfalls, we use a special category of utterances called "indirect speech acts" (ISAs) that enable an optimal balance between clarity and politeness. But how do interpreters identify the meaning of these ISAs? And how does the social context influence the use of ISAs? This book attempts to answer these questions. It deals with the main theoretical and empirical questions surrounding the meaning and usage of ISAs, drawing on the latest research and neuroimaging data. Adopting a truly interdisciplinary perspective, it will appeal to students and scholars from diverse backgrounds, and anyone interested in exploring this phenomenon, which is so pervasive in our daily lives"-- Sprechsituation (DE-588)4273706-0 gnd rswk-swf Indirect speech acts (Linguistics) Semantics (Philosophy) LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES / Linguistics / Semantics Sprechsituation (DE-588)4273706-0 s DE-604 Online version Ruytenbeek, Nicolas, 1985- Indirect speech acts Cambridge, UK ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2021 9781108673112 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032622731&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032622731&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
spellingShingle | Ruytenbeek, Nicolas 1985- Indirect speech acts Classic speech act theoretic approaches -- The semantics of sentence-types -- Coognitive and relevance-based approaches -- The comprehension of ISAs -- Indirectness, politeness, and the social context -- Computational and artificial intelligence approaches in indirectness -- Conclusions Sprechsituation (DE-588)4273706-0 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4273706-0 |
title | Indirect speech acts |
title_auth | Indirect speech acts |
title_exact_search | Indirect speech acts |
title_exact_search_txtP | Indirect speech acts |
title_full | Indirect speech acts Nicolas Ruytenbeek |
title_fullStr | Indirect speech acts Nicolas Ruytenbeek |
title_full_unstemmed | Indirect speech acts Nicolas Ruytenbeek |
title_short | Indirect speech acts |
title_sort | indirect speech acts |
topic | Sprechsituation (DE-588)4273706-0 gnd |
topic_facet | Sprechsituation |
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