Embattled Europe: a progressive alternative
"Over the past decade, Euroskepticism has been on the rise, with many predicting the end of the European Union and the failure of progressive European values. With Brexit on the horizon, the far-right in power in Poland, authoritarianism on the rise in Hungary, riots in Paris, and austerity pol...
Gespeichert in:
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Princeton ; Oxford
Princeton University Press
[2021]
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Register // Sachregister |
| Zusammenfassung: | "Over the past decade, Euroskepticism has been on the rise, with many predicting the end of the European Union and the failure of progressive European values. With Brexit on the horizon, the far-right in power in Poland, authoritarianism on the rise in Hungary, riots in Paris, and austerity policies in place across the continent, it often seems that there is little reason to be optimistic about Europe's future or proud of its recent past. Konrad Jarausch begs to differ. In this book, which he will write as a Tony Judt-style extended essay, he traces the history of Europe since 1989 and finds much cause for hope. Despite the Greek debt crisis, the weak reaction to the Russian invasion of Eastern Ukraine, and other failures that Euroskeptics cite frequently, the European model is strong. Jarausch ends his narrative by pointing to successes, such as Danish efforts to combat global warming, Sweden's restructuring of its welfare system, and Spain's transition to democracy and its ability to cope with a large influx of immigrants, among many other issues. Though Europe has many challenges to overcome in the next few decades, it still presents a powerful alternative to American-style unbridled capitalism and right-wing populism. Jarausch will color his narrative with his own impressions of living in both Europe and the United States at various points during this period"-- |
| Beschreibung: | ix, 330 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9780691200415 0691200416 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a Peaceful Revolution -- Post-Communist Transformation -- European Integration -- Sovereign Debt Debacle -- Migration Wave -- Brexit Self-Destruction -- Economic Competitiveness -- Restructured Welfare State -- Protected Environment -- Defense Disagreements -- Populist Backlash -- Global Role | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "Over the past decade, Euroskepticism has been on the rise, with many predicting the end of the European Union and the failure of progressive European values. With Brexit on the horizon, the far-right in power in Poland, authoritarianism on the rise in Hungary, riots in Paris, and austerity policies in place across the continent, it often seems that there is little reason to be optimistic about Europe's future or proud of its recent past. Konrad Jarausch begs to differ. In this book, which he will write as a Tony Judt-style extended essay, he traces the history of Europe since 1989 and finds much cause for hope. Despite the Greek debt crisis, the weak reaction to the Russian invasion of Eastern Ukraine, and other failures that Euroskeptics cite frequently, the European model is strong. Jarausch ends his narrative by pointing to successes, such as Danish efforts to combat global warming, Sweden's restructuring of its welfare system, and Spain's transition to democracy and its ability to cope with a large influx of immigrants, among many other issues. Though Europe has many challenges to overcome in the next few decades, it still presents a powerful alternative to American-style unbridled capitalism and right-wing populism. Jarausch will color his narrative with his own impressions of living in both Europe and the United States at various points during this period"-- | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS List ofAbbreviations vii Introduction: The European Puzzle PART I. PROMISING FUTURE 1 і 11 Peaceful Revolution 13 2 Post-Communist Transformation 34 3 European Integration 54 PART II. AVALANCHE OF CRISES 4 Sovereign Debt Debacle 77 79 5 Migration Wave 100 6 Brexit Self-Destruction 122 PART III. CONTINUING STRENGTHS I43 7 Economic Competitiveness 145 8 Restructured Welfare State 165 9 Protected Environment 185 V
vi CONTENTS PART IV. COMMON CHALLENGES 205 ю Defense Disagreements 207 и Populist Backlash 230 12 Global Role 250 Conclusion: A Progressive Alternative 271 Acknowledgments 283 Notes 285 Selected Bibliography 321 Index 325
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Beatley, Timothy. Green Urbanism: Learningfrom European Cities (Washington, DC, 2000). Beil, David S., and Byron Criddle. Exceptional Socialists: The Case of the French Socialist Party (Houndmills, 2014). Berend, Ivan T. Central and Eastern Europe, 1944-1993: Detourfrom the Periphery to the Periphery (Cambridge, 1996). --------- . Prom the Soviet Bloc to the European Union: The Economic and Social Transformation of Eastern Europe since 1973 (Cambridge, 2009). Black, Jeremy. A History ofBritain: 1945 to Brexit (Bloomington, IN, 2017). Carbone, Maurizio. The European Union and International Development: The Politics ofForeign Aid (New York, 2007). Connelly, John. From Peoples into Nations: A History of Eastern Europe (Princeton, NJ, 2020). Cousins, Mel. European Welfare States: Comparative Perspectives (London, 2005). Crouch, Cohn. Post-Democracy (Cambridge, 2004). Dinan, Desmond. Ever Closer Union: An Introduction to European Integration, 4th ed. (Boulder, CO, 2010). Eltsov, Peter. The Long Telegram 2.0: A Neo-Kennanite Approach to Russia (Lanham, MD, 2020). Esping-Andersen, Gøsta. Social Foundations of Postindustrial Economies (Oxford, 1999). Evans, Jocelyn, and Gilles Ivaldi. The 2017 French Presidential Elections: A Political Reformation (Cham, 2018). Freeman, Richard B., Brigitta Swedenborg, and Robert Topel, eds. Reforming the Welfare State: Recovery and Beyond in Sweden (Chicago, 2010). Garton Ash, Timothy. Free World: America, Europe, and the Surprising Future of the West (New York, 2004). Giddens, Anthony. Europe in the Global Age (Cambridge,
2007). Gomez, Felipe, Christina Churruca Muguruza, and Jan Wouters, eds. EU Human Rights and Democratization Policies: Achievements and Challenges (Abingdon, Oxon, 2018). Goodwin, Matthew, and Caitlin Milazzo. UKIP: Inside the Campaign to Redraw British Politics (Oxford, 2015). Gualtieri, Claudia, ed., Migration and the Contemporary Mediterranean (Oxford, 2018). Hall, Stuart, and David Soskice. Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundation of Compara tive Advantage (Oxford, 2001). Hertfelder, Thomas, and Andreas Rödder, eds. Modell Deutschland: Erfolgsgeschichte oder Illusion? (Göttingen, 2007).
322 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Hockerts, Hans-Günter. Drei Wege deutscher Sozialstaatlichkeit: NS-Diktatur, Bundesrepublik und DDR im Vergleich (Munich, 1998). Hughes, Kirsty, ed.,European Competitiveness (Cambridge, 1993). Jarausch, Konrad H. Out ofAshes: A New History ofEurope in the Twentieth Century (Princeton, NJ, 2015). ---------. The Rush to German Unity (New York, 1994). Kaelble, Hartmut. A Social History ofEurope, 1945-2000: Recovery and Transformation after Two World Wars (New York, 2013). Katsambekis, Giorgos, and Alexandras Kioupkiolis, eds. The Populist Radical Left in Europe (Abingdon Oxon, 2019). Kenney, Padraic. A Carnival ofRevolution: Central Europe 1989 (Princeton, NJ, 2002). Kershaw, Ian. Roller-Coaster: Europe, 195,0-1017 (London, 2018). Kotkin, Stephen. Uncivil Society: 1989 and the Implosion of the Communist Establishment (New York, 2009). Krastev, Ivan. After Europe (Philadelphia, 2017). Kratz, Ulrich, Kiran Klaus Patel, and Federico Romero, eds. Europe's Cold War Relations, 19571991 (London, 2019). Langan, Mark. Neo-Colonialism and the Poverty of‘Development’ (Cham, 2018). Larivé, Maxime H. A. Debating European Security and Defense Policy: Understanding the Complex ity (London, 2014). Lemke, Christiane, and Helga Welsh. Germany Today: Politics and Policies in a Changing World (Lanham, MD, 2018). Lipset, Seymour Martin, and Gary Marks. It Didn’t Happen Here: Why Socialism Failed in the United States (New York, 2000). Loth, Wilfried. Building Europe: A History ofEuropean Unification (Berlin, 2015). Maier, Charles S. Dissolution: The Crisis of Communism
and the End ofEast Germany (Princeton, NJ, 1997)· Marples, David R., and Frederick V. Mills, eds. Ukraine’s Euromaidan: Analyses ofa Civil Revolu tion (Stuttgart, 2015). Marques, Rui Cunha, and Nuno Ferreira da Cruz. Recycling and Extended Producer Responsibil ity: The European Experience (London, 2016). Marsh, David. The Euro: The Battlefor the New Global Currency (New Haven, CT, 20η). Milder, Stephen. Greening Democracy: The Anti-Nuclear Movement and Political Environmentalism in West Germany and Beyond, 1968-1983 (Cambridge, 2017). Mudde, Cas, and Cristobal R. Kaltwasser. Populism: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford, 2017). Müller, Jan Werner. What Is Populismi (State College, PA, 2016). Murray, Douglas. The Strange Death ofEurope: Immigration, Identity, Islam (London, 2017). Naimark, Norman. Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth Century Europe (Cambridge, 2001). Nesser, Petter. Islamist Terrorism in Europe: A History (New York, 2016). Nolte, Paul. Was ist Demokratie? Geschichte und Gegenwart (Munich, 2012). Nye, Joseph S. The Powers to Lead: Soft, Hard and Smart (New York, 2008). Oltmer, Jochen. Migration vom 19. bis zum 21. Jahrhundert (Berlin, 2016).
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 323 Partanen, Anu. The Nordic Theory ofEverything: In Search of a Better Life (New York, 2016). Patel, Kiran Klaus. Projekt Europa: Eine kritische Geschichte (Munich, 2018). Plamper, Jan. Das Neue Wir: Warum Migration dazugehört; Eine andere Geschichte der Deutschen (Frankfurt, 2019). Plokhy, Serhii. The Gates ofEurope: A History of Ukraine (London, 2015). Ramet, ЅаЕпшР. Balkan Babel: The Disintegration of Yugoslaviafrom the Death of Tito to the Fall ofMilosevic, 4th ed. (Boulder, CO, 2002). Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff. This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries ofFinancial Folly (Princeton, NJ, 2011). Rieger, Bernhard. The People's Car: A Global History of the Volkswagen Beetle (Cambridge, MA, 2013). Rifkin, Jeremy. The European Dream: How Europe's Vision of the Future Is Quietly Eclipsing the American Dream (New York, 2004). Rosellini, JayJulian. The German New Right: The AfD, PEGIDA and the Re-Imagining ofNational Identity (London, 2019). Roufos, Pavlos. A Happy Future Is a Thing of the Past: The Greek Crisis and Other Disasters (Lon don, 2018). Shipman, Tim. All Out War: The Full Story ofBrexit, rev. ed. (London, 2017). Small, Carly Elizabeth. The Rise and Fall of the Miraculous Welfare Machine: Immigration and Social Democracy in Twentieth-Century Sweden (Ithaca, NY, 2016). Snyder, Timothy. The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America (New York, 2018). Stan, Lavinia, ed. Post-Communist Transitional Justice: Lessonsfrom Twenty-Five Years ofExperi ence (New York, 2015). Hier, Philipp. Die neue Ordnung auf dem alten Kontinent: Eine
Geschichte des neoliberalen Europa (Berlin, 2014). Tooze, Adam. Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World (New York, 2018). von Klimo, Arpad. Hungary since 1945 (Abingdon, Oxon, 2018). Wilhelm, Cornelia, ed. Migration, Memory, and Diversity: Germanyfrom 194s to the Present (New York, 2017). Wilson, Andrew. Ukraine's Orange Revolution (New Haven, CT, 2005). Wirsching, Andreas. Der Preis der Freiheit: Geschichte Europas in unserer Zeit (Munich, 2012). Wurzel, Rüdiger, and James Connelly, eds. The EU as a Leader in International Climate Change Politics (London, 2016). Zidek, Libor. From Central Planning to the Market: The Transformation of the Czech Economy, 1989-2004 (New York, 2017). Zubok, Vladislav. A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold Warfrom Stalin to Gorbachev (Chapel Hill, NC, 2007).
INDEX Acquis communautaire, 65-66 Blair, Tony, 151,176 Agenda гою, 89,151,174,181 Bohley, Bärbel, 30-31 Alexievich, Svetlana, 52 Bologna Process, 71, 267. See also education Alternative for Germany (AfD), 53,57,92, Borrell, Josep, 262 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 46,67,217, 221, 112,177,241-42,246. See also populism 224-25, 264. See also Balkans; Yugoslavia Americanization, 263 Breivik, Anders, 223,225 Anholt windpark, 185-86. See also Brexit, 2,122-24, 238,277; effects of, 41, Denmark; energy antisemitism, 224,239,234,243 141-42; implementation of, 129-34; Arab Spring, 33,105 Leavers in, 127-28; reactions to, 132, Athens, 79-80 137-40; reasons for, 134-37,140-41; Atta, Mohamed, 222 referendum about, 126-29; Remainers in, 128. See also United Kingdom austerity policy, 80֊86, 90-92, 98-99; effects of, 94-97; reactions against, 80, Brezhnev Doctrine, 15,16,216 85, 236, 240; reasons for, 91-94 Bulgaria, 19-20,44,64,67,98,112 Austria, 13-14,65,67,98,110,125, 238-39, 259 Bush, George H. W., 22,253 automobile industry, 145-146,194,195,199, Bush, George W., 29,194,219,220-21 275 Cameron, David, 123,126-27,137, 153, 243 Carrefour, 70,155-56 Balkans, 67,112,155; migration route through, 109-13,120,244; wars in, 53, 216, 217, Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 20 224,225-26,262. See also Yugoslavia; China, 18,164,194,198,204,221,256,260, 279 individual countries climate change, 186,189-93, 201-4, 251-52· Baltic states, 23,24,43,46,64,87,256,274. See also environmental policy See also Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania Balcerowicz, Leszek, 36, 38-39, 41 co-determination, 148,149 Belarus, 24, 45, 49, 274 Cold
War, 25-26,28-29,31,166,217,253,274 Belavezha Accords, 24, 208 Common Security and Defense Policy, 219-20, 227, 278 Benelux countries, 54,184 communism: fall of, 16-20, 23-26, 31-33, Berlin, 112, 201,275. See also Germany 274; ideology of, 3,10,16, 24, 25-26, 28, Berlin Wall, 17-19,26,42,271. See also communism, fall of 47,51; legacy of, 26-31,35,46-53,197, Berlusconi, Silvio, 105,108,238 209,234,244,259,271-72,274-77 325
32б consumerism: in Eastern Europe, 25-27, 35-36,37) 4°, 48,50-51, 272; inWestern Europe, 69-70, 87, 94,198-200,202 Cooper, Andrew, 127 coordinated market economy, 152-54,156-60, 164 Copenhagen, 188,191,199 INDEX environmental policy: debates about, 186-87, 192-94, 251-52) 278-79; elements of, 188-91,194-95,197-202; reasons for, 192-9Յ) 196-97,202-4; successes of, 191-92) 204 Erasmus Program, 70-71,134,139. See also education Copenhagen Conference, 191,194 Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip, 67-68,113, 260 Copenhagen criteria, 65,66,212,259 Erhard, Ludwig, 148,162 Corbyn, Jeremy, 124,134-35 Estaing, Valery Giscard ď, 61 COVID-19,57,69,182,279-80 Estonia, 23, 30, 43, 66, 98,216,220. See also Crimea, 45, 64,207-9, 213, 256,262. See also Russia; Ukraine Baltic states ethnic cleansing, 24,209, 216,221, 224 Cummings, Dominic, 127 Eurail pass, 71-72 Czechoslovakia, 19,27,53. See also Czech euro, 57,59,69,80,93,273; crisis of, 81-86, Republic Czech Republic, 43,49,50, 64, 66, 98,197, 276 Davos, 250-52. See also World Economic Forum de Gaulle, Charles, 58,125, 233 deindustrialization, 5,148,150,153,196 Delors, Jacques, 58,74 democracy: crisis of, 6, 232, 237, 241, 276; debate about, 247-49; illiberal, 53,232,276; 9I) 97-99; introduction of, 59-61,150 Eurocorps, 217-18,278 Euromaidan, 208,212-13,214· See also Ukraine Europe: lifestyle in, 263-68,280; as a model, 2) 3-5) 8-9, 25З) 262-67, 27З) 277-82 European Central Bank, 59,69,74,83,85-86, 88-92,98 European Coal and Steel Community, 6o, 258 European Economic Community, $S 58-59, liberal, 3-4,8-9; in post-socialist states, 29, 258-259 European
regions: Central, 8,21,26,148,182, 36,38,42-45,75,211-12. See aho populism 277; Eastern, 26, 31-32, 36, 48,52-5З) Denmark, 58, 60,65, 98,124, i25) 177,179, 199,202,239, 259; economy of: 162,173, 178,181; energy transition of, 185-92 détente, 28, 31,253 Donbas, 211,213. See also Donetsk; Russia; Ukraine Donetsk, 213-14,222. See also Donbas; Russia; Ukraine Drakulić, Slavenka, 49-50 66-67,175) 197) 244) 274՜77; Mediterra nean, 8,55) 65, 68, 93,154,174-75) 196-97) 277, 281; Scandinavian, 8,36,70,153-54, 177) 239) 182, 277; Western, 8, 28,36,17s, 273-74 European Union: competitiveness of, 147, 152-57,162-164; constitution of, 61-62, 124,130 (see also Lisbon Treaty); defense of, 219-20, 227-29 (see also CSDP); enlargement of, 55,62-68; global role of, education, 73,153,166,169,175,267. See also 192-97, 252, 258-63, 266-70; origins of, Bologna Process; Erasmus Program; 60; problems of, 2,9,56-57,74-75,102, PISA assessment 113,232,277-80 (see aho Brexit; Grexit; energy: nuclear, 186,188,192,195-96; renewable, 163,173,185-86,188-97,25I) 279. See aho Anholt Windpark euroskepticism); structure of, 57-62; successes of, 55-56, 69-73,197-202 euroskepticism, 2,56-57,74
INDEX Faragé, Nigel, 74,113,125-26,128,137,238 Federal Republic of Germany (West). See Germany feminism: in Eastern Europe, 49-50, 244; 3^7 Greece, 65,202,220,232,259; economic crisis in, 79-86,89,99,160,197,246; migration crisis in, 112-13, 120 greenhouse gases, 186-88,190-91,193-96, in Western Europe, 169,176,179, 243, 198-99,204,251. See also environmental 145 policy Finland, 65, 98,173» 179,195, 239, 259 Fischer, Joschka, 74,151 Green New Deal, 203,251,279. See also environmental policy Fortuyn, Pim, 232,239 Green Party, 89,151,195 France, 54,58,188, 219-20, 256, 260, 276, Grexit, 80,82-86 278; economy of, 70,98,147,149,154,196, Grillo, Beppe, 238,24 237, 280; elections in, 176, 233-36; and Guerot, Ulrike, 9,74 the EU, 60, 61,124; migration to, 107,119, gun culture, 9,242,265 234,243,269; protests in, 230-33,2·3ό֊37 (see also Yellow Vests); welfare in, 174,181 Hägglund, Göran, 165 Francis (pope), 101 Haider, Jörg, 238-39 Frontex, 69,109,120 Hansson, Per Albin, 167-68 Front National, 92, 99,129,177,232, 233-34 Havel, Václav, 19,27,43 Fukuyama, Francis, 29 healthcare: in the EU, 5,89,96,151,153, 168-69,173-75; 180, 279; in the US, 1Ć6, Gaddafi, Muammar, 105,108,115,220 266,279. See also welfare state Gauland, Alexander, 74,242 high-tech sector, 150,163,257,277 Gaullism, 235. See also de Gaulle, Charles Hocke, Björn, 246 Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 15,22 Högfors, 165 German Democratic Republic (East Hollande, François, 129, 235, 236 Germany): dissolution of, 17-19, 26-27; human rights, 9, 27,31, 62, 65,105, 212, escape from, 13-15,32; post-communist 219, 225-26, 241, 256,
261-62, 274, transition in, 21,30-31, 42, 46, 49,53,150 Germany: economy of, 70, 81, 89-90, 93,98, 146,148-52,159,163; and the EU, 54,59, 61,66,83,84,258; labor unions in, 149; migration to, 101,107,111-12,117-20; 277 Hungary, 64, 66,112, 232, 241, 244-4S; economic transformation in, 44,53; end of communism in, 13-15,17,20,49 Hussein, Saddam, 219 military of, 216-17,219-20,225,228; politics in, 4,152,241-42; reunification of, 21-23, 26,42-43,53; 274-75; sustainability in, 195-96,198,201,252; welfare in, 148-52, 162-64,174; 181 (see also welfare state) imperialism, legacy of, 104,140,153, 259, 268-70. See abo Soviet Union, empire of International Criminal Tribunal, 225-26 globalization, 2, 8, 7Յ; 129; 44; 47; 152-5Յ; Iran, 221, 255 240, 242-4Յ; 245; 249; 276 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 16,19,21-22,24,64, Iraq War, 216, 219, 255 25Յ; 274 Great Recession: causes of, 86-88,147; Ireland, 64, 65, 66, 89, 90-91, 98,124,130, 132,257 Iron Curtain, 14,17,226 effects of, 81, 95-98,159; 160-61,175, 232. Ischinger, Wolfgang, 263 See also sovereign debt crisis Islamic State, 116,218,223
328 Italy, 197,238,247,279; economy of, 89,98, INDEX media, 72; political influence of, 2,9,20,33, 154-55,174-75; migration in, íoo-ioi, 108,124,127,128,218,238,246; social 104-8,119 media, 203,235,238,247 Merkel, Angela, 2,57,89,92,110,111-12,129, John Paul II (pope), 17 Johnson, Boris, 2,123,127,128,131,133-34, 136,142,203,247 Juncker, Jean-Claude, 198 152.241- 42,246,252,254,280 Michnik, Adam, 27,35,47 migration: causes of, 101,109,114,119, 269; crisis of, 100-102,119-20,278; experience of, 114-18; responses to, 104-8,110-13, Kaczyński, Jarosław, 241,244,248,276 120-21; and welfare state, 141,171; and Kaczyński, Lech, 40 xenophobia, 108,112,117-18,139,141,232, Kaliningrad, 30,64,274 239.241-42,244,278. See also Balkans, Karadžič, Radovan, 226 Klaus, Václav, 43,50,203 migration route through; refugees Miller, David, 120 Kohl, Helmut, 21-22,42,59,66,217 Miloševič, Slobodan, 45,217,226 Kosovo, 46,67,217-18,225 Mittelstand, 148 Kuchma, Leonid, 211-12 Mitterrand, François, 21,59,176, 217, 234-35 Moldova, 30,45 Miiller-Armack, Alfred, 148 Muslims: in Bosnia, 221,224; in Europe, 67, 102,111,118,222,223,246; stereotypes of, 57,118,136,171,239-40. See also migration; refugees Kulczyk, Grażyna and Jan, 35 Kyoto Protocol, 193 Lampedusa, 100-101,104,106,108 Latvia, 23,43,66,98,99. See also Baltic states Law and Justice Party (PiS), 2,40,232,241, 244 Le Pen, Jean-Marie, 233-34,244 Nagy, Imre, 14 Le Pen, Marine, 2,74,129, 234, 236, 237 National Health Service, 96,128,138-39, Lega Nord, 108,238,247 153,17Յ· See also United Kingdom; welfare state nationalism, 3, 8; and Brexit, 127,136;
Leipzig protests, 18 Lisbon Treaty, 62,90,130,220,258,261,281 Libya, 101,104,108,115,220 Lithuania, 23,43,66. See ako Baltic states Lucke, Bernd, 6i, 241 Ludosky, Priscillia, 230-31 Lukashenko, Alexander, 24,45 Lukič, Milan, 221 post-socialist, 25,45,53,241, 244; in the United States, 252,254; in Western Europe, 55,223,235,238,243-44 NATO: crisis of, 216,219-20,227-28,262; cooperation in, 217-18,225,227; expan sion of, 62-64; and Ukraine, 213-16 lustration, 49 Németh, Miklós, 14 neo-Nazism, 171,235-36,242,246 Maastricht Treaty, 59-60,219 Macron, Emmanuel, 1-2, 7,57,174, 228, 231, neoliberalism, 9, 36,38-39,43,81,87, 94-95, 235-36,237,262, 280 Malaysian Flight 17,213-14 Marechal, Marion, 244 May, Theresa, 131,133,142 Mazowiecki, Tadeusz, 17,36,38 99,147-57,163,17Յ, 176,245, 281-82 Nordic Model, 153-54,167-72,188. See ako welfare state Northern Ireland, 132-34 Norway, 65, 66,129-30,173,181,195, 223, 239
INDEX Obama, Barack, 135,255-56 Olofsson, Maud, 165 Orange Revolution, 45,208,211-12. See also Ukraine Orbán, Viktor, 2,9,74,112, 241,244-45,248, 276 Յ29 refugees, 100-103; from Africa, 105-8, 114-16,118; humanitarian dilemmas of, 118-21; from Near East, 109-10,116-18; from Soviet bloc, 15,33,111. See also migration Ostpolitik, 18,25 Reinfeldt, Fredrik, 165-66 Romania, 20,44,49,64,67,275 Palme, Olof, i68 pan-European picnic, 13-14 round table talks, 17, 29,30,32,36,38,42 Russia, 30,45,207-8,213-1Ć, 256. See also Putin, Vladimir; Soviet Union; Ukraine. Paris: protests in, 230-32,233 (see also Yellow Vests); terrorist attacks in, 209, 218, 223 Paris Climate Agreement, 9,191,194 Peaceful Revolution, 13-20,31-33,75,248, 274, 276. See also communism, fall of peacekeeping missions, 218,225,227,261-62 PEGIDA, 242 Persson, Göran, 166 pieds-noirs, 244,269 Piketty, Thomas, 164 PISA assessment, 179. See also education Podemos, 92,240 Poland: communism in, 37-38; economy of, 34-36, 38-41, 47-48, 88,197; end of communism in, 16-17, 20, 27, 49; politics in, S3,64, 241» 244, 256 populism, 8-10,232,248-49; left-wing, 85, 99, 240; post-communist, 241; reasons for, 8,92, 93,171-72,176-77; 20Յ; 238, 242-47; right-wing, 74, 99, 238-40 Poroshenko, Petro, 209,214 Portugal, 65,89,91,98,160,174; 177,259 Poujade, Pierre, 233 Poznań, 34-35 progressive politics, 5, 8-9, 280-81. See also welfare state. pubhc transport, 72,199-200, 202, 281 Putin, Vladimir, 30,45,207-9,213; 216, 255-56 Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, 186,189,190,215 Reagan, Ronald, 28-29,87 Rees-Mogg, Jacob, 137,243 Saltsjöbaden Agreement, 168
Salvini, Matteo, 106,108, 238,247 Sarrazin, Thilo, 57, 246 Sarkozy, Nicolas, 235, 236 Schäuble, Wolfgang, 81,85 Schengen Agreement, 54-55,69,112,125 Schröder, Gerhard, 89,145,151,174,176 Schulz, Martin, 132,161 September 11 attacks, 218, 222-23, 225. See also terrorism Serbia, 45-46, 53, 64, 67,112, 217, 224, 226. See also Balkans; Yugoslavia Sevastopol, 207-8 Shell Oil Company, 156-57 shock therapy, 36, 38,40, 43, 45, 46, 275 Siemens, 70,146,148,156,160 Single European Act, 58-59,125,193 social democracy, 151,154,166,168,176 social inequality, 5,52,56,164,167, 228, 265-66, 272-73,281. See also Nordic Model; welfare state social market economy, 148-52,162-64 Sopron, 13 sovereign debt crisis: causes of, 79-81,82-83, 89, 124; effects of, 97-99; 154; 245; solu tions to, 83-86, 89-90, 92-97. See also Great Recession; Grexit; euro Soviet Union, 3, 37; dissolution of, 16,23-25, 29, 44-45; empire of, 17, 25; 26, ЗО, 64 Spain, 60,65,89,91,93,98,99,154,160,177, 197,232,259,276,279 Srebrenica, 225, 262 Stelter, Daniel, 252
330 Stiglitz, Joseph, Sı, 95 INDEX 86-87,147,158,164,175-76,177,181-82, 281 (see also neoliberalism); perceptions Sunderland, 123,135-36 Sweden, 65,98,107,110-11,119,188,195,260, 262,279; politics in, 165-66,170-72,177, of, 5, 9,199-200, 242, 253-54, 262, 263-68; unilateralism of, 28-29,193,194, 239; welfare state in, 167-72,177՜79; 220-21,226,252,281. See ako transatlantic 182-83 (see also Nordic Model; welfare relations state) Syrian War, 109,113,116,119,278 Varoufakis, Yanis, 246 Syriza, 85, 86,92, 99, 240, 246 Volkswagen, 43,145-46,256 von der Leyen, Ursula, 73,134,229,251,277, terrorism, 216,218-19,222-24,232, 247,255 281 Thatcher, Margaret, 21,36,58,59, 87,125,153, Wałęsa, Lech, 17,38,40,49 166,173 Thunberg, Greta, 202-3,248,251 Washington consensus, 30, 39, 45 Tito, Josip Broz, 45 welfare state, 5,8-9; arguments for, 36, transatlantic relations: cooperation in, 64, 218,257-58,279; problems of, 220,227, 5S-56,151,162-63,167,176; crisis of, 50, 85, 89,169-70,233,235; critique of, 1S5,163,166,170-72,175-77,183, 273; 253-57, 278 Troika, 83, 84, 86, 90, 91-92, 94, 240 effectiveness of, 177-82, 273; and Trump, Donald, 2,166,177,195,204,220, foreigners, 110,111,124,127,171,176, 246; 221, 228,238, 242,247, 251, 254-57, 281 models of, 167-69,172-75,182 (see also Nordic Model); and unemployment, Tsipras, Alexis, 79-80,85,240 151,158-62 ΊΤΙΡ, 256-57,261 Turkey, 64,102,162, EU admission of, 67-68,259-60; migrant transit through, Willmann, Helmut, 217 Wilson, Harold, 125 Wolfsburg, 145 109,113,116,278 Tusk, Donald, 40,241 World Economic Forum, 250-52, 277. Two-plus-Four Treaty,
21-23 See also Davos Ukraine: and the EU, 212-13, 215-ić; inde pendence of, 23,45,64,211-12,247; inva sion of, 207-9,210-11,213-14,221-22,256, 262 Yanukovich, Viktor, 207, 212-213 Yellow Vests, 230-32,236-37. See also France; populism Yeltsin, Boris, 24-2S, 29, 45 United Kingdom: economy of, 90,141-42, 153,162, 281; environment in, 196,198; and the EU, 5,8,58,60,125-26. See also Yugoslavia: dissolution of, 45-46,49,53; wars in, 209,217-18,224,225-26. See aho Balkans; individual countries Yushchenko, Viktor, 212,214 Brexit; National Health Service United Kingdom Independence Party, 123, Zelensky, Volodymyr, 214,247 125-26,131,133,134,177 United States: and Europe, 2,3-4, 216-18, 227-28, 255, 258; neoliberalism of, 36, Zeman, Miloš, 43 Zemmour, Eric, 243 Bayerisch« Staatsbibliothek München . |
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CONTENTS List ofAbbreviations vii Introduction: The European Puzzle PART I. PROMISING FUTURE 1 і 11 Peaceful Revolution 13 2 Post-Communist Transformation 34 3 European Integration 54 PART II. AVALANCHE OF CRISES 4 Sovereign Debt Debacle 77 79 5 Migration Wave 100 6 Brexit Self-Destruction 122 PART III. CONTINUING STRENGTHS I43 7 Economic Competitiveness 145 8 Restructured Welfare State 165 9 Protected Environment 185 V
vi CONTENTS PART IV. COMMON CHALLENGES 205 ю Defense Disagreements 207 и Populist Backlash 230 12 Global Role 250 Conclusion: A Progressive Alternative 271 Acknowledgments 283 Notes 285 Selected Bibliography 321 Index 325
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2007). Gomez, Felipe, Christina Churruca Muguruza, and Jan Wouters, eds. EU Human Rights and Democratization Policies: Achievements and Challenges (Abingdon, Oxon, 2018). Goodwin, Matthew, and Caitlin Milazzo. UKIP: Inside the Campaign to Redraw British Politics (Oxford, 2015). Gualtieri, Claudia, ed., Migration and the Contemporary Mediterranean (Oxford, 2018). Hall, Stuart, and David Soskice. Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundation of Compara tive Advantage (Oxford, 2001). Hertfelder, Thomas, and Andreas Rödder, eds. Modell Deutschland: Erfolgsgeschichte oder Illusion? (Göttingen, 2007).
322 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Hockerts, Hans-Günter. Drei Wege deutscher Sozialstaatlichkeit: NS-Diktatur, Bundesrepublik und DDR im Vergleich (Munich, 1998). Hughes, Kirsty, ed.,European Competitiveness (Cambridge, 1993). Jarausch, Konrad H. Out ofAshes: A New History ofEurope in the Twentieth Century (Princeton, NJ, 2015). ---------. The Rush to German Unity (New York, 1994). Kaelble, Hartmut. A Social History ofEurope, 1945-2000: Recovery and Transformation after Two World Wars (New York, 2013). Katsambekis, Giorgos, and Alexandras Kioupkiolis, eds. The Populist Radical Left in Europe (Abingdon Oxon, 2019). Kenney, Padraic. A Carnival ofRevolution: Central Europe 1989 (Princeton, NJ, 2002). Kershaw, Ian. Roller-Coaster: Europe, 195,0-1017 (London, 2018). Kotkin, Stephen. Uncivil Society: 1989 and the Implosion of the Communist Establishment (New York, 2009). Krastev, Ivan. After Europe (Philadelphia, 2017). Kratz, Ulrich, Kiran Klaus Patel, and Federico Romero, eds. Europe's Cold War Relations, 19571991 (London, 2019). Langan, Mark. Neo-Colonialism and the Poverty of‘Development’ (Cham, 2018). Larivé, Maxime H. A. Debating European Security and Defense Policy: Understanding the Complex ity (London, 2014). Lemke, Christiane, and Helga Welsh. Germany Today: Politics and Policies in a Changing World (Lanham, MD, 2018). Lipset, Seymour Martin, and Gary Marks. It Didn’t Happen Here: Why Socialism Failed in the United States (New York, 2000). Loth, Wilfried. Building Europe: A History ofEuropean Unification (Berlin, 2015). Maier, Charles S. Dissolution: The Crisis of Communism
and the End ofEast Germany (Princeton, NJ, 1997)· Marples, David R., and Frederick V. Mills, eds. Ukraine’s Euromaidan: Analyses ofa Civil Revolu tion (Stuttgart, 2015). Marques, Rui Cunha, and Nuno Ferreira da Cruz. Recycling and Extended Producer Responsibil ity: The European Experience (London, 2016). Marsh, David. The Euro: The Battlefor the New Global Currency (New Haven, CT, 20η). Milder, Stephen. Greening Democracy: The Anti-Nuclear Movement and Political Environmentalism in West Germany and Beyond, 1968-1983 (Cambridge, 2017). Mudde, Cas, and Cristobal R. Kaltwasser. Populism: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford, 2017). Müller, Jan Werner. What Is Populismi (State College, PA, 2016). Murray, Douglas. The Strange Death ofEurope: Immigration, Identity, Islam (London, 2017). Naimark, Norman. Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth Century Europe (Cambridge, 2001). Nesser, Petter. Islamist Terrorism in Europe: A History (New York, 2016). Nolte, Paul. Was ist Demokratie? Geschichte und Gegenwart (Munich, 2012). Nye, Joseph S. The Powers to Lead: Soft, Hard and Smart (New York, 2008). Oltmer, Jochen. Migration vom 19. bis zum 21. Jahrhundert (Berlin, 2016).
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 323 Partanen, Anu. The Nordic Theory ofEverything: In Search of a Better Life (New York, 2016). Patel, Kiran Klaus. Projekt Europa: Eine kritische Geschichte (Munich, 2018). Plamper, Jan. Das Neue Wir: Warum Migration dazugehört; Eine andere Geschichte der Deutschen (Frankfurt, 2019). Plokhy, Serhii. The Gates ofEurope: A History of Ukraine (London, 2015). Ramet, ЅаЕпшР. Balkan Babel: The Disintegration of Yugoslaviafrom the Death of Tito to the Fall ofMilosevic, 4th ed. (Boulder, CO, 2002). Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff. This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries ofFinancial Folly (Princeton, NJ, 2011). Rieger, Bernhard. The People's Car: A Global History of the Volkswagen Beetle (Cambridge, MA, 2013). Rifkin, Jeremy. The European Dream: How Europe's Vision of the Future Is Quietly Eclipsing the American Dream (New York, 2004). Rosellini, JayJulian. The German New Right: The AfD, PEGIDA and the Re-Imagining ofNational Identity (London, 2019). Roufos, Pavlos. A Happy Future Is a Thing of the Past: The Greek Crisis and Other Disasters (Lon don, 2018). Shipman, Tim. All Out War: The Full Story ofBrexit, rev. ed. (London, 2017). Small, Carly Elizabeth. The Rise and Fall of the Miraculous Welfare Machine: Immigration and Social Democracy in Twentieth-Century Sweden (Ithaca, NY, 2016). Snyder, Timothy. The Road to Unfreedom: Russia, Europe, America (New York, 2018). Stan, Lavinia, ed. Post-Communist Transitional Justice: Lessonsfrom Twenty-Five Years ofExperi ence (New York, 2015). Hier, Philipp. Die neue Ordnung auf dem alten Kontinent: Eine
Geschichte des neoliberalen Europa (Berlin, 2014). Tooze, Adam. Crashed: How a Decade of Financial Crises Changed the World (New York, 2018). von Klimo, Arpad. Hungary since 1945 (Abingdon, Oxon, 2018). Wilhelm, Cornelia, ed. Migration, Memory, and Diversity: Germanyfrom 194s to the Present (New York, 2017). Wilson, Andrew. Ukraine's Orange Revolution (New Haven, CT, 2005). Wirsching, Andreas. Der Preis der Freiheit: Geschichte Europas in unserer Zeit (Munich, 2012). Wurzel, Rüdiger, and James Connelly, eds. The EU as a Leader in International Climate Change Politics (London, 2016). Zidek, Libor. From Central Planning to the Market: The Transformation of the Czech Economy, 1989-2004 (New York, 2017). Zubok, Vladislav. A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold Warfrom Stalin to Gorbachev (Chapel Hill, NC, 2007).
INDEX Acquis communautaire, 65-66 Blair, Tony, 151,176 Agenda гою, 89,151,174,181 Bohley, Bärbel, 30-31 Alexievich, Svetlana, 52 Bologna Process, 71, 267. See also education Alternative for Germany (AfD), 53,57,92, Borrell, Josep, 262 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 46,67,217, 221, 112,177,241-42,246. See also populism 224-25, 264. See also Balkans; Yugoslavia Americanization, 263 Breivik, Anders, 223,225 Anholt windpark, 185-86. See also Brexit, 2,122-24, 238,277; effects of, 41, Denmark; energy antisemitism, 224,239,234,243 141-42; implementation of, 129-34; Arab Spring, 33,105 Leavers in, 127-28; reactions to, 132, Athens, 79-80 137-40; reasons for, 134-37,140-41; Atta, Mohamed, 222 referendum about, 126-29; Remainers in, 128. See also United Kingdom austerity policy, 80֊86, 90-92, 98-99; effects of, 94-97; reactions against, 80, Brezhnev Doctrine, 15,16,216 85, 236, 240; reasons for, 91-94 Bulgaria, 19-20,44,64,67,98,112 Austria, 13-14,65,67,98,110,125, 238-39, 259 Bush, George H. W., 22,253 automobile industry, 145-146,194,195,199, Bush, George W., 29,194,219,220-21 275 Cameron, David, 123,126-27,137, 153, 243 Carrefour, 70,155-56 Balkans, 67,112,155; migration route through, 109-13,120,244; wars in, 53, 216, 217, Ceauşescu, Nicolae, 20 224,225-26,262. See also Yugoslavia; China, 18,164,194,198,204,221,256,260, 279 individual countries climate change, 186,189-93, 201-4, 251-52· Baltic states, 23,24,43,46,64,87,256,274. See also environmental policy See also Estonia; Latvia; Lithuania Balcerowicz, Leszek, 36, 38-39, 41 co-determination, 148,149 Belarus, 24, 45, 49, 274 Cold
War, 25-26,28-29,31,166,217,253,274 Belavezha Accords, 24, 208 Common Security and Defense Policy, 219-20, 227, 278 Benelux countries, 54,184 communism: fall of, 16-20, 23-26, 31-33, Berlin, 112, 201,275. See also Germany 274; ideology of, 3,10,16, 24, 25-26, 28, Berlin Wall, 17-19,26,42,271. See also communism, fall of 47,51; legacy of, 26-31,35,46-53,197, Berlusconi, Silvio, 105,108,238 209,234,244,259,271-72,274-77 325
32б consumerism: in Eastern Europe, 25-27, 35-36,37) 4°, 48,50-51, 272; inWestern Europe, 69-70, 87, 94,198-200,202 Cooper, Andrew, 127 coordinated market economy, 152-54,156-60, 164 Copenhagen, 188,191,199 INDEX environmental policy: debates about, 186-87, 192-94, 251-52) 278-79; elements of, 188-91,194-95,197-202; reasons for, 192-9Յ) 196-97,202-4; successes of, 191-92) 204 Erasmus Program, 70-71,134,139. See also education Copenhagen Conference, 191,194 Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip, 67-68,113, 260 Copenhagen criteria, 65,66,212,259 Erhard, Ludwig, 148,162 Corbyn, Jeremy, 124,134-35 Estaing, Valery Giscard ď, 61 COVID-19,57,69,182,279-80 Estonia, 23, 30, 43, 66, 98,216,220. See also Crimea, 45, 64,207-9, 213, 256,262. See also Russia; Ukraine Baltic states ethnic cleansing, 24,209, 216,221, 224 Cummings, Dominic, 127 Eurail pass, 71-72 Czechoslovakia, 19,27,53. See also Czech euro, 57,59,69,80,93,273; crisis of, 81-86, Republic Czech Republic, 43,49,50, 64, 66, 98,197, 276 Davos, 250-52. See also World Economic Forum de Gaulle, Charles, 58,125, 233 deindustrialization, 5,148,150,153,196 Delors, Jacques, 58,74 democracy: crisis of, 6, 232, 237, 241, 276; debate about, 247-49; illiberal, 53,232,276; 9I) 97-99; introduction of, 59-61,150 Eurocorps, 217-18,278 Euromaidan, 208,212-13,214· See also Ukraine Europe: lifestyle in, 263-68,280; as a model, 2) 3-5) 8-9, 25З) 262-67, 27З) 277-82 European Central Bank, 59,69,74,83,85-86, 88-92,98 European Coal and Steel Community, 6o, 258 European Economic Community, $S 58-59, liberal, 3-4,8-9; in post-socialist states, 29, 258-259 European
regions: Central, 8,21,26,148,182, 36,38,42-45,75,211-12. See aho populism 277; Eastern, 26, 31-32, 36, 48,52-5З) Denmark, 58, 60,65, 98,124, i25) 177,179, 199,202,239, 259; economy of: 162,173, 178,181; energy transition of, 185-92 détente, 28, 31,253 Donbas, 211,213. See also Donetsk; Russia; Ukraine Donetsk, 213-14,222. See also Donbas; Russia; Ukraine Drakulić, Slavenka, 49-50 66-67,175) 197) 244) 274՜77; Mediterra nean, 8,55) 65, 68, 93,154,174-75) 196-97) 277, 281; Scandinavian, 8,36,70,153-54, 177) 239) 182, 277; Western, 8, 28,36,17s, 273-74 European Union: competitiveness of, 147, 152-57,162-164; constitution of, 61-62, 124,130 (see also Lisbon Treaty); defense of, 219-20, 227-29 (see also CSDP); enlargement of, 55,62-68; global role of, education, 73,153,166,169,175,267. See also 192-97, 252, 258-63, 266-70; origins of, Bologna Process; Erasmus Program; 60; problems of, 2,9,56-57,74-75,102, PISA assessment 113,232,277-80 (see aho Brexit; Grexit; energy: nuclear, 186,188,192,195-96; renewable, 163,173,185-86,188-97,25I) 279. See aho Anholt Windpark euroskepticism); structure of, 57-62; successes of, 55-56, 69-73,197-202 euroskepticism, 2,56-57,74
INDEX Faragé, Nigel, 74,113,125-26,128,137,238 Federal Republic of Germany (West). See Germany feminism: in Eastern Europe, 49-50, 244; 3^7 Greece, 65,202,220,232,259; economic crisis in, 79-86,89,99,160,197,246; migration crisis in, 112-13, 120 greenhouse gases, 186-88,190-91,193-96, in Western Europe, 169,176,179, 243, 198-99,204,251. See also environmental 145 policy Finland, 65, 98,173» 179,195, 239, 259 Fischer, Joschka, 74,151 Green New Deal, 203,251,279. See also environmental policy Fortuyn, Pim, 232,239 Green Party, 89,151,195 France, 54,58,188, 219-20, 256, 260, 276, Grexit, 80,82-86 278; economy of, 70,98,147,149,154,196, Grillo, Beppe, 238,24 237, 280; elections in, 176, 233-36; and Guerot, Ulrike, 9,74 the EU, 60, 61,124; migration to, 107,119, gun culture, 9,242,265 234,243,269; protests in, 230-33,2·3ό֊37 (see also Yellow Vests); welfare in, 174,181 Hägglund, Göran, 165 Francis (pope), 101 Haider, Jörg, 238-39 Frontex, 69,109,120 Hansson, Per Albin, 167-68 Front National, 92, 99,129,177,232, 233-34 Havel, Václav, 19,27,43 Fukuyama, Francis, 29 healthcare: in the EU, 5,89,96,151,153, 168-69,173-75; 180, 279; in the US, 1Ć6, Gaddafi, Muammar, 105,108,115,220 266,279. See also welfare state Gauland, Alexander, 74,242 high-tech sector, 150,163,257,277 Gaullism, 235. See also de Gaulle, Charles Hocke, Björn, 246 Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 15,22 Högfors, 165 German Democratic Republic (East Hollande, François, 129, 235, 236 Germany): dissolution of, 17-19, 26-27; human rights, 9, 27,31, 62, 65,105, 212, escape from, 13-15,32; post-communist 219, 225-26, 241, 256,
261-62, 274, transition in, 21,30-31, 42, 46, 49,53,150 Germany: economy of, 70, 81, 89-90, 93,98, 146,148-52,159,163; and the EU, 54,59, 61,66,83,84,258; labor unions in, 149; migration to, 101,107,111-12,117-20; 277 Hungary, 64, 66,112, 232, 241, 244-4S; economic transformation in, 44,53; end of communism in, 13-15,17,20,49 Hussein, Saddam, 219 military of, 216-17,219-20,225,228; politics in, 4,152,241-42; reunification of, 21-23, 26,42-43,53; 274-75; sustainability in, 195-96,198,201,252; welfare in, 148-52, 162-64,174; 181 (see also welfare state) imperialism, legacy of, 104,140,153, 259, 268-70. See abo Soviet Union, empire of International Criminal Tribunal, 225-26 globalization, 2, 8, 7Յ; 129; 44; 47; 152-5Յ; Iran, 221, 255 240, 242-4Յ; 245; 249; 276 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 16,19,21-22,24,64, Iraq War, 216, 219, 255 25Յ; 274 Great Recession: causes of, 86-88,147; Ireland, 64, 65, 66, 89, 90-91, 98,124,130, 132,257 Iron Curtain, 14,17,226 effects of, 81, 95-98,159; 160-61,175, 232. Ischinger, Wolfgang, 263 See also sovereign debt crisis Islamic State, 116,218,223
328 Italy, 197,238,247,279; economy of, 89,98, INDEX media, 72; political influence of, 2,9,20,33, 154-55,174-75; migration in, íoo-ioi, 108,124,127,128,218,238,246; social 104-8,119 media, 203,235,238,247 Merkel, Angela, 2,57,89,92,110,111-12,129, John Paul II (pope), 17 Johnson, Boris, 2,123,127,128,131,133-34, 136,142,203,247 Juncker, Jean-Claude, 198 152.241- 42,246,252,254,280 Michnik, Adam, 27,35,47 migration: causes of, 101,109,114,119, 269; crisis of, 100-102,119-20,278; experience of, 114-18; responses to, 104-8,110-13, Kaczyński, Jarosław, 241,244,248,276 120-21; and welfare state, 141,171; and Kaczyński, Lech, 40 xenophobia, 108,112,117-18,139,141,232, Kaliningrad, 30,64,274 239.241-42,244,278. See also Balkans, Karadžič, Radovan, 226 Klaus, Václav, 43,50,203 migration route through; refugees Miller, David, 120 Kohl, Helmut, 21-22,42,59,66,217 Miloševič, Slobodan, 45,217,226 Kosovo, 46,67,217-18,225 Mittelstand, 148 Kuchma, Leonid, 211-12 Mitterrand, François, 21,59,176, 217, 234-35 Moldova, 30,45 Miiller-Armack, Alfred, 148 Muslims: in Bosnia, 221,224; in Europe, 67, 102,111,118,222,223,246; stereotypes of, 57,118,136,171,239-40. See also migration; refugees Kulczyk, Grażyna and Jan, 35 Kyoto Protocol, 193 Lampedusa, 100-101,104,106,108 Latvia, 23,43,66,98,99. See also Baltic states Law and Justice Party (PiS), 2,40,232,241, 244 Le Pen, Jean-Marie, 233-34,244 Nagy, Imre, 14 Le Pen, Marine, 2,74,129, 234, 236, 237 National Health Service, 96,128,138-39, Lega Nord, 108,238,247 153,17Յ· See also United Kingdom; welfare state nationalism, 3, 8; and Brexit, 127,136;
Leipzig protests, 18 Lisbon Treaty, 62,90,130,220,258,261,281 Libya, 101,104,108,115,220 Lithuania, 23,43,66. See ako Baltic states Lucke, Bernd, 6i, 241 Ludosky, Priscillia, 230-31 Lukashenko, Alexander, 24,45 Lukič, Milan, 221 post-socialist, 25,45,53,241, 244; in the United States, 252,254; in Western Europe, 55,223,235,238,243-44 NATO: crisis of, 216,219-20,227-28,262; cooperation in, 217-18,225,227; expan sion of, 62-64; and Ukraine, 213-16 lustration, 49 Németh, Miklós, 14 neo-Nazism, 171,235-36,242,246 Maastricht Treaty, 59-60,219 Macron, Emmanuel, 1-2, 7,57,174, 228, 231, neoliberalism, 9, 36,38-39,43,81,87, 94-95, 235-36,237,262, 280 Malaysian Flight 17,213-14 Marechal, Marion, 244 May, Theresa, 131,133,142 Mazowiecki, Tadeusz, 17,36,38 99,147-57,163,17Յ, 176,245, 281-82 Nordic Model, 153-54,167-72,188. See ako welfare state Northern Ireland, 132-34 Norway, 65, 66,129-30,173,181,195, 223, 239
INDEX Obama, Barack, 135,255-56 Olofsson, Maud, 165 Orange Revolution, 45,208,211-12. See also Ukraine Orbán, Viktor, 2,9,74,112, 241,244-45,248, 276 Յ29 refugees, 100-103; from Africa, 105-8, 114-16,118; humanitarian dilemmas of, 118-21; from Near East, 109-10,116-18; from Soviet bloc, 15,33,111. See also migration Ostpolitik, 18,25 Reinfeldt, Fredrik, 165-66 Romania, 20,44,49,64,67,275 Palme, Olof, i68 pan-European picnic, 13-14 round table talks, 17, 29,30,32,36,38,42 Russia, 30,45,207-8,213-1Ć, 256. See also Putin, Vladimir; Soviet Union; Ukraine. Paris: protests in, 230-32,233 (see also Yellow Vests); terrorist attacks in, 209, 218, 223 Paris Climate Agreement, 9,191,194 Peaceful Revolution, 13-20,31-33,75,248, 274, 276. See also communism, fall of peacekeeping missions, 218,225,227,261-62 PEGIDA, 242 Persson, Göran, 166 pieds-noirs, 244,269 Piketty, Thomas, 164 PISA assessment, 179. See also education Podemos, 92,240 Poland: communism in, 37-38; economy of, 34-36, 38-41, 47-48, 88,197; end of communism in, 16-17, 20, 27, 49; politics in, S3,64, 241» 244, 256 populism, 8-10,232,248-49; left-wing, 85, 99, 240; post-communist, 241; reasons for, 8,92, 93,171-72,176-77; 20Յ; 238, 242-47; right-wing, 74, 99, 238-40 Poroshenko, Petro, 209,214 Portugal, 65,89,91,98,160,174; 177,259 Poujade, Pierre, 233 Poznań, 34-35 progressive politics, 5, 8-9, 280-81. See also welfare state. pubhc transport, 72,199-200, 202, 281 Putin, Vladimir, 30,45,207-9,213; 216, 255-56 Rasmussen, Anders Fogh, 186,189,190,215 Reagan, Ronald, 28-29,87 Rees-Mogg, Jacob, 137,243 Saltsjöbaden Agreement, 168
Salvini, Matteo, 106,108, 238,247 Sarrazin, Thilo, 57, 246 Sarkozy, Nicolas, 235, 236 Schäuble, Wolfgang, 81,85 Schengen Agreement, 54-55,69,112,125 Schröder, Gerhard, 89,145,151,174,176 Schulz, Martin, 132,161 September 11 attacks, 218, 222-23, 225. See also terrorism Serbia, 45-46, 53, 64, 67,112, 217, 224, 226. See also Balkans; Yugoslavia Sevastopol, 207-8 Shell Oil Company, 156-57 shock therapy, 36, 38,40, 43, 45, 46, 275 Siemens, 70,146,148,156,160 Single European Act, 58-59,125,193 social democracy, 151,154,166,168,176 social inequality, 5,52,56,164,167, 228, 265-66, 272-73,281. See also Nordic Model; welfare state social market economy, 148-52,162-64 Sopron, 13 sovereign debt crisis: causes of, 79-81,82-83, 89, 124; effects of, 97-99; 154; 245; solu tions to, 83-86, 89-90, 92-97. See also Great Recession; Grexit; euro Soviet Union, 3, 37; dissolution of, 16,23-25, 29, 44-45; empire of, 17, 25; 26, ЗО, 64 Spain, 60,65,89,91,93,98,99,154,160,177, 197,232,259,276,279 Srebrenica, 225, 262 Stelter, Daniel, 252
330 Stiglitz, Joseph, Sı, 95 INDEX 86-87,147,158,164,175-76,177,181-82, 281 (see also neoliberalism); perceptions Sunderland, 123,135-36 Sweden, 65,98,107,110-11,119,188,195,260, 262,279; politics in, 165-66,170-72,177, of, 5, 9,199-200, 242, 253-54, 262, 263-68; unilateralism of, 28-29,193,194, 239; welfare state in, 167-72,177՜79; 220-21,226,252,281. See ako transatlantic 182-83 (see also Nordic Model; welfare relations state) Syrian War, 109,113,116,119,278 Varoufakis, Yanis, 246 Syriza, 85, 86,92, 99, 240, 246 Volkswagen, 43,145-46,256 von der Leyen, Ursula, 73,134,229,251,277, terrorism, 216,218-19,222-24,232, 247,255 281 Thatcher, Margaret, 21,36,58,59, 87,125,153, Wałęsa, Lech, 17,38,40,49 166,173 Thunberg, Greta, 202-3,248,251 Washington consensus, 30, 39, 45 Tito, Josip Broz, 45 welfare state, 5,8-9; arguments for, 36, transatlantic relations: cooperation in, 64, 218,257-58,279; problems of, 220,227, 5S-56,151,162-63,167,176; crisis of, 50, 85, 89,169-70,233,235; critique of, 1S5,163,166,170-72,175-77,183, 273; 253-57, 278 Troika, 83, 84, 86, 90, 91-92, 94, 240 effectiveness of, 177-82, 273; and Trump, Donald, 2,166,177,195,204,220, foreigners, 110,111,124,127,171,176, 246; 221, 228,238, 242,247, 251, 254-57, 281 models of, 167-69,172-75,182 (see also Nordic Model); and unemployment, Tsipras, Alexis, 79-80,85,240 151,158-62 ΊΤΙΡ, 256-57,261 Turkey, 64,102,162, EU admission of, 67-68,259-60; migrant transit through, Willmann, Helmut, 217 Wilson, Harold, 125 Wolfsburg, 145 109,113,116,278 Tusk, Donald, 40,241 World Economic Forum, 250-52, 277. Two-plus-Four Treaty,
21-23 See also Davos Ukraine: and the EU, 212-13, 215-ić; inde pendence of, 23,45,64,211-12,247; inva sion of, 207-9,210-11,213-14,221-22,256, 262 Yanukovich, Viktor, 207, 212-213 Yellow Vests, 230-32,236-37. See also France; populism Yeltsin, Boris, 24-2S, 29, 45 United Kingdom: economy of, 90,141-42, 153,162, 281; environment in, 196,198; and the EU, 5,8,58,60,125-26. See also Yugoslavia: dissolution of, 45-46,49,53; wars in, 209,217-18,224,225-26. See aho Balkans; individual countries Yushchenko, Viktor, 212,214 Brexit; National Health Service United Kingdom Independence Party, 123, Zelensky, Volodymyr, 214,247 125-26,131,133,134,177 United States: and Europe, 2,3-4, 216-18, 227-28, 255, 258; neoliberalism of, 36, Zeman, Miloš, 43 Zemmour, Eric, 243 Bayerisch« Staatsbibliothek München . |
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| author | Jarausch, Konrad 1941- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)124678025 |
| author_facet | Jarausch, Konrad 1941- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Jarausch, Konrad 1941- |
| author_variant | k j kj |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047208894 |
| classification_rvk | MK 5050 NQ 5940 |
| contents | Peaceful Revolution -- Post-Communist Transformation -- European Integration -- Sovereign Debt Debacle -- Migration Wave -- Brexit Self-Destruction -- Economic Competitiveness -- Restructured Welfare State -- Protected Environment -- Defense Disagreements -- Populist Backlash -- Global Role |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1264388000 (DE-599)BVBBV047208894 |
| discipline | Politologie Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Politologie Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1989-2021 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1989-2021 |
| format | Book |
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Jarausch</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Princeton ; Oxford</subfield><subfield code="b">Princeton University Press</subfield><subfield code="c">[2021]</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ix, 330 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Karten</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Peaceful Revolution -- Post-Communist Transformation -- European Integration -- Sovereign Debt Debacle -- Migration Wave -- Brexit Self-Destruction -- Economic Competitiveness -- Restructured Welfare State -- Protected Environment -- Defense Disagreements -- Populist Backlash -- Global Role</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Over the past decade, Euroskepticism has been on the rise, with many predicting the end of the European Union and the failure of progressive European values. With Brexit on the horizon, the far-right in power in Poland, authoritarianism on the rise in Hungary, riots in Paris, and austerity policies in place across the continent, it often seems that there is little reason to be optimistic about Europe's future or proud of its recent past. Konrad Jarausch begs to differ. In this book, which he will write as a Tony Judt-style extended essay, he traces the history of Europe since 1989 and finds much cause for hope. Despite the Greek debt crisis, the weak reaction to the Russian invasion of Eastern Ukraine, and other failures that Euroskeptics cite frequently, the European model is strong. Jarausch ends his narrative by pointing to successes, such as Danish efforts to combat global warming, Sweden's restructuring of its welfare system, and Spain's transition to democracy and its ability to cope with a large influx of immigrants, among many other issues. Though Europe has many challenges to overcome in the next few decades, it still presents a powerful alternative to American-style unbridled capitalism and right-wing populism. 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| id | DE-604.BV047208894 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:53:35Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T13:16:00Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780691200415 0691200416 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-032613738 |
| oclc_num | 1264388000 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-M352 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-M352 |
| physical | ix, 330 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220126 |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateSearch | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | Princeton University Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Jarausch, Konrad 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)124678025 aut Embattled Europe a progressive alternative Konrad H. Jarausch Princeton ; Oxford Princeton University Press [2021] ix, 330 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Peaceful Revolution -- Post-Communist Transformation -- European Integration -- Sovereign Debt Debacle -- Migration Wave -- Brexit Self-Destruction -- Economic Competitiveness -- Restructured Welfare State -- Protected Environment -- Defense Disagreements -- Populist Backlash -- Global Role "Over the past decade, Euroskepticism has been on the rise, with many predicting the end of the European Union and the failure of progressive European values. With Brexit on the horizon, the far-right in power in Poland, authoritarianism on the rise in Hungary, riots in Paris, and austerity policies in place across the continent, it often seems that there is little reason to be optimistic about Europe's future or proud of its recent past. Konrad Jarausch begs to differ. In this book, which he will write as a Tony Judt-style extended essay, he traces the history of Europe since 1989 and finds much cause for hope. Despite the Greek debt crisis, the weak reaction to the Russian invasion of Eastern Ukraine, and other failures that Euroskeptics cite frequently, the European model is strong. Jarausch ends his narrative by pointing to successes, such as Danish efforts to combat global warming, Sweden's restructuring of its welfare system, and Spain's transition to democracy and its ability to cope with a large influx of immigrants, among many other issues. Though Europe has many challenges to overcome in the next few decades, it still presents a powerful alternative to American-style unbridled capitalism and right-wing populism. Jarausch will color his narrative with his own impressions of living in both Europe and the United States at various points during this period"-- Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1989-2021 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd rswk-swf Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd rswk-swf Euroskeptizismus (DE-588)4509864-5 gnd rswk-swf Rechtspopulismus (DE-588)7580659-9 gnd rswk-swf Europe / History / 1989- Europe / Politics and government / 20th century Europe / Politics and government / 21st century Europe / Social conditions / 20th century HISTORY / Europe / General SOCIAL SCIENCE / Regional Studies Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 s Euroskeptizismus (DE-588)4509864-5 s Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 s Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 s Rechtspopulismus (DE-588)7580659-9 s Geschichte 1989-2021 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-691-22618-7 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032613738&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032613738&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032613738&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Sachregister |
| spellingShingle | Jarausch, Konrad 1941- Embattled Europe a progressive alternative Peaceful Revolution -- Post-Communist Transformation -- European Integration -- Sovereign Debt Debacle -- Migration Wave -- Brexit Self-Destruction -- Economic Competitiveness -- Restructured Welfare State -- Protected Environment -- Defense Disagreements -- Populist Backlash -- Global Role Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd Euroskeptizismus (DE-588)4509864-5 gnd Rechtspopulismus (DE-588)7580659-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4066493-4 (DE-588)4055879-4 (DE-588)4071013-0 (DE-588)4509864-5 (DE-588)7580659-9 |
| title | Embattled Europe a progressive alternative |
| title_auth | Embattled Europe a progressive alternative |
| title_exact_search | Embattled Europe a progressive alternative |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Embattled Europe a progressive alternative |
| title_full | Embattled Europe a progressive alternative Konrad H. Jarausch |
| title_fullStr | Embattled Europe a progressive alternative Konrad H. Jarausch |
| title_full_unstemmed | Embattled Europe a progressive alternative Konrad H. Jarausch |
| title_short | Embattled Europe |
| title_sort | embattled europe a progressive alternative |
| title_sub | a progressive alternative |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Sozialpolitik (DE-588)4055879-4 gnd Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd Euroskeptizismus (DE-588)4509864-5 gnd Rechtspopulismus (DE-588)7580659-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Wirtschaftspolitik Sozialpolitik Europäische Integration Euroskeptizismus Rechtspopulismus |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032613738&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032613738&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032613738&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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