Russia's Turkey policy during the Putin era:
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Cambridge Scholars Publishing
2020
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| Beschreibung: | viii, 247 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
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Table of Contents Preface.vii Chapter 1. 1 Overview of Turkish-Russian Relations before 2000 Introduction.1 Developments After World War I - The 16 March 1921 Moscow Treaty. 5 The Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits and Turkish-Soviet Relations.8 Soviet Thesis Regarding the Straits. 16 Events That Happened After World War II. 17 NATO Membership of Turkey and Its Effect on Turkish-Soviet Relations.25 Turkish-Russian Relations during the Nikita Khrushchev Era. 28 Turkish-Soviet Relations during the Leonid Brezhnev Era. 35 Turkish-Soviet Relations during the Yuri Andropov Era .58 Turkish-Russian Relations during the Konstantin Chernenko (1984-1985) Era. 61 Turkish-Soviet Relations during the Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-1991) Era. 67
Turkish-Russian Relations after the Dissolution of the USSR. 83 Chapter II. 91 Developments between 2000-2015 Introduction. 91 Crucial Developments During the Years Before Putin's Accession to Power. 93 The Elections of March 26 2000 and Putin's Accession to Power. 108 Turkish-Russian Relations during the Putin Era. 110 Putin's Visit to Ankara and Convergence in Relations.115 Prime Minister Erdoğan's Visit to Moscow. 117 Ofticial Talks between the Heads of State and the Issue of Energy Roads. 118 The Missile Shield Project. 123
Table of Contents VI The Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization (BSEC) Meeting. 126 Georgia Conflicts and Turkish-Russian Relations.127 Russian Federation-China Relations. 134 Official Visits and Energy Agreements between the Parties.139 Chapter III. 153 Turkish-Russian Relations between 2015-2020 The Aircraft Crisis.153 Détente in the Post-Crisis Period. 157 Ongoing Re-negotiations After the Crisis. 162 The Sochi Meeting of May 3 2017 and Sochi Negotiations. 165 Leaders’ Meeting in Sochi Again.169 The Turkish-Iranian-Russian Trilateral Summit. 172 Completion of the Sea Phase of the Turkish Stream project and the G20 Summit in Argentina. 176 The Start of 2019 with the Syrian Problem. 177 The G20 Leaders’ Summit at INTEX Osaka, and Subsequent Developments.180 The Turkish-Russian-Iranian Trilateral Summit
Meeting.182 The Memorandum of Understanding between Turkey and the Russian Federation. 183 Important Issues Related to Russian-Turkish Relations in early 2020. 186 The Idlib Crisis. 190 Conclusion. 198 References 203
References Archive Materials of Turkey Republic Prime Ministry 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Archive of Turkey Republic Prime Ministry 0300180102652008 Archive of Turkey Republic Prime Ministry 03010002194769 Document on the tonnage of the Soviet navy in the Black Sea Archive of Turkey Republic Prime Ministry 03010042 111 Archive of Turkey Republic Prime Ministry 03010000063424233 Republic of Turkey Official Gazette, 12 September 1980 Republic of Turkey Official Gazette, 12 September 1980 Republic of Turkey Official Gazette, 12 September 1980 Books 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. A.N. Saharov, История России, С Древнейших Времен до Наших Дней (History of Russia, From Ancient Times to Our Days), Moscow, 2016. A.S. Orlov, V.A. Georgiev, N.G. Georgieva, T.A. Sivoxina, История России (History of Russia), Moscow, 2013. Ahmet Kuyaş, Gençler İçin Çağdaş Tarih (Contemporary History for Young People), Epsilon Kitabevi. Aleksandr Dugin, Rus Jeopolitiği Avrasyacı Yaklaşım (Russian Geopolitics Eurasian Approach), İstanbul, Küre Publishing, 2015. Aydin Balayev, Азербайджанское Национальное Движение: От Мусавата До Народного Фронта (Azerbaycan Ulusal Harekatı: Musavat’tan Halk Cephesine), Baku, Elm, 1992. Aygün Attar, Karabağ Sorunu Kapsamında Ermeniler ve Ermeni Siyaseti (Armenians and Armenian Politics within the Scope of Karabakh Issue), Ankara, 2012. Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti Yasalar Toplusu (Collection of Laws of Azerbaijan Republic) I Volume, Baku, Hukuk Edebiyatı (Legal Literature), 2001. B.M. Yagudin, Gosudarstvenmy Perevorot 12 Sentyabiya 1980 goda v Turtsii, Uçeme Zapiski Kazanskogo
Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Tom 150, Kniga 1, Gumanitamie Nauki, 2008. (September 12,1980
204 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. References coup in Turkey, Journal of Kazan State University, Volume 150, Issue 1, Humanities), 2008, p207-213. Caşın Mesut Hakkı, Derman Giray Saynur (2016), Rus Dış Politikasındaki Değişim ve Kremlin Penceresinden Yeni Ufiıklar (Changes in Russian Foreign Policy and New Horizons Through the Kremlin Perspective), Ankara, p468. Catherine Evtuhov, Richard Stites, 1800’den itibaren Rusya Tarihi, Halklar, Efsaneler, Olaylar, Güçler (A History of Russia: Peoples, Legends, Events, Forces Since 1800) (Translated by Ahmet Cevdet Aşkın), Istanbul, 2018, p528. Cemil Hesenli, Azerbaycan Tarihi: 1918-1920 (History of Azerbaijan: 1918-1920), Ankara, 1998. Charles Seignobos, Rusya’nın Doğuşundan Çar II. Nikolay’a Rus Hükümeti”, (Russian Government from Birth of Russia to Tsar Nikolai II) Prepared by: Vefa Kurban, Yeditepe Yayınevi, Istanbul, 2018. Çeşko S.V. Распад Советского Союз. Этнополитический анализ (The collapse of the Soviet Union. Ethnopolitical analysis), Moscow, 1996. Fahir Armaoğlu, 20. Yüzyıl Siyasi Tarihi (Political History of 20th Century), (Volume 1-2:1914-1995), Alkım Yayınevi, Ankara, 2000. Faruk Sönmezoğlu, II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan Günümüze Türk Dış Politikası (Turkish Foreign Policy since World War II), Der Publishing, Istanbul, 2006. Haluk Ülman, İkinci Cihan Savaşı’mn Başından Truman Doktrini’ne Kadar Türk-Amerikan Diplomatik Münasebetleri (Turkish-American Diplomatic Relations from the Beginning of the Second World War to the Truman Doctrine), Ankara, 1961. Helene Carrere D’Encausse, Dünyayı Değiştiren Altı Yıl:
19851991 (Six years that changed the world: 1985-1991), Sovyet İmparatorluğu’nun Yıkılışı (The Fall of the Soviet Empire), translated by Şehsuvar Aktaş, Istanbul, 2015. Henry Kissinger, Diplomasi (Diplomacy), translated by Ibrahim. H. Kurt, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Publishing, Istanbul, 2018. Marçuk, N.î. “Neobyavlennaya” Voyna v Afganistane: Ofítsialnaya Versiya i Uroki Pravdi, ("Undeclared" war in Afghanistan: the official version of and the lessons from truth), Moscow, 1993. Mirza Bala Mehmetzade, Milli Azerbaycan Harekatı (National Azerbaijan Movement), Ankara, 1991. Mleçin, L.M. Yuriy Andropov. Poslednyaya nadejda rejima (Last Hope of the Regime), Moscow, 2008.
Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 205 Musa Qastmli, Türkiye-Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetleri Birliği İlişkileri, 1960-1980 (USSR-Turkey relations, 1960-1980), Ankara, 2013. Musa Qasimli, SSCB Belgelerinde SSCB-Türkiye Yakın Tarihi SSCB-Türkiye ilişkileri, Türkiye’de 1980 Darbesi’nden SSCB’nin Dağılmasına Kadar (Late History of USSR-Turkey and USSRTurkey relations in USSR documents, from the 1980 Turkish coup d'état to the dissolution of USSR), Kaknüs Publishing, Istanbul, 2012. Nesib Nesibli, Azerbaycan Demokratik Respublikası (Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan), Baku, Elm 1990. Olaylarla Türk Dış Politikası (1919-1995) (Turkish Foreign Policy with Developments) (1919-1995), Siyasal Publishing, Ankara, 1996. Oral Sander, Siyasi Tarih (Political History) (1918-1994), İmge Kitabevi. Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000, Translation: Birtane Karanakçı, Ankara, 1998. Príbytkov V.V. Chernenko, Moscow, 2009. Rifat Üçarol, Siyasi Tarih (Political History), 1914-2014, D R Publishing, Istanbul, 2019. Semanov, S. Yuriy Andropov, Moscow, 2003. Sogrin V.V., Политическая История Современной России (Political History of Modem Russia). 1985—2001: от Горбачева до Путина (1985-2001 : from Gorbachev to Putin), Moscow, 2001. Turkish Republics in the Twenty Seventh Year of Their Independence, Ahmet Yesevi University, Editors: A. Ç. Yıldız, M. Yılmaz, Ankara, 2018. V. V. Kirillov, История России (Russian History), Moscow, 2012. Vefa Kurhan, Sovyet
Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği Tarihi (History of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), İstanbul, Yeditepe Publishing, 2020. Velikaya Oteçestvennaya Voyna. 1941-1945: Voenno-İstoriçeskie oçerki, Moscow, 1998. Горбачев - Ельцин: 1500 дней политического противостояния (Gorbachev - Yeltsin: 1500 days of political confrontation), Moscow, 1992.
206 44. 45. 46. 47. References Евгений Чазов, Хоровод смертей (Yevgeniy Chazov, Dance of Death). Брежнев, Андропов, Черненко (Brezhnev, Andropov, Chernenko), Moscow, 2014. Habibe Özdal, Sovyetler Birliği’nin Dağılmasından Kırım’ın İlhakına Rus Dış Politikasında Ukrayna (Ukraine in Russian Foreign Policy from the Dissolution of the Soviet Union to the annexation of Crimea), Ankara: Usak Publishing, 2016. Thomas de Waal, Black garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war, New York University Press, 2003. Rodionov A. Turtsiya. Armiya і Politika, Azıya i Afrika Segodnya (Turkey. Army and Politics, Asia and Africa Today), 1995, No: 1, pp24-25. Cumhuriyet Newspaper 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. “7 Nokta Esad Bölgesinde” (7Points in Assad Area), Cumhuriyet 18 February 2020. “AB Eneijide Sorun Çıkarır (EU Creates Trouble in Energy)”, Cumhuriyet, 7 December 2004. “ABD: Rusya-Türkiye Çatışmaya Yakın” (The USA: Russia and Turkey are on the brink of fight), Cumhuriyet, 21 February 2020. “Asker Ateş Hattına İlerliyor” (Soldiers Move Towards the Firing Line), Cumhuriyet, 20 February 2020. “Atatürk Dönemi Örnek Olsun (Let Atatürk Period Set An Example)”, Cumhuriyet, 7 December 2004. “Bakü-Ceyhan hemen başlansın (Let Baku-Ceyhan start right away)”, Cumhuriyet, 16 February 2000. “Blair courts outrage with Putin visit”, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/mar/ll/russia.ethicalfore ignpolicy, Retrieved on: 3 February 2020. “Blair’den Putin’e Destek (Blair Supports Putin)”, Cumhuriyet, 12 March 2000. “Bush’tan Putin’e: Soğuk Savaş Bitti (From Bush to Putin: Cold War is
Over)”, Cumhuriyet, 6 June 2007. “Castro Sovyetleri Marxizm - Leninizm’e ihanetle suçladı” (Castro accused the Soviets of betrayal of Marxism and Leninism), Cumhuriyet, 14 November 1962. “Çeçen savaşında zamanlama faktörü (Timing factor in Chechen war)”, Cumhuriyet, 17 January 2000. “Çeçen savaşıyla destek kazandı (He won support with Chechen war)”, Cumhuriyet, l January 2000.
Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 207 “Çeçenler Grozni’dan çekildi (Chechens withdrew from Grozny)”, Cumhuriyet, 2 February 2000. “Çeçenler Ruslan zorluyor (Chechens are challenging Russians)”, Cumhuriyet, 4 January 2000. “Çeçenler silah bırakıyor (Chechens leaving arms)”, Cumhuriyet, 31 January 2000. “Çeçen Cumhuriyeti İçkerya (Chechen Republic of Ichkeria)”, http://ickerya.com/cecenya/tarih/, Retrieved on: 24 December 2019. “Çeçenleri pasta gibi dilim dilim keseceğiz (We will cut Chechens like a cake into slices)”, Cumhuriyet, 15 February 2000. “Dörtlü masa zorda” (Difficult times at the table of the four), Cumhuriyet, 26 February 2020. “G8’den Net Sözler Çıkmadı (No resolutions from G8)”, Cumhuriyet, 8 June 2007. “İki ülke ilişkileri daha da gelişecek (Relations between the two countries will further develop)”, Cumhuriyet, 1 January 2000. “İlk Olarak Anıtkabir’i Ziyaret Etti (He First Visited Anıtkabir)”, Cumhuriyet, 7 December 2004. “Jeffrey’den 1 ay içinde ikinci ziyaret” (The second visit from Jeffrey in 1 month), Cumhuriyet, 12 February 2020. “Kafkaslar hareketlendi (Situation in Caucasus escalated)”, Cumhuriyet, 16 February 2000. “Kafkasya’dan elinizi çekin (Take your hands off the Caucasus)”, Cumhuriyet, 14 Januaiy 2000. “Kalkan Düellosu Sürüyor” (Shield Duel Continues)”, Cumhuriyet, 10 June 2007. “Karadeniz Yeni cazibe Merkezi (Black Sea Becomes Centre of Attraction)”, Cumhuriyet, 25 June 2007. “Karadeniz Yeni cazibe Merkezi” (Black Sea Becomes Centre of Attraction)”, Cumhuriyet,
25 June 2007. “KEİ Sonuç Bildirgesi (BSEC Final Declaration)”, Cumhuriyet, 26 June 2007. “KEİ’ye Eneiji Gölgesi (Energy Conflict in BSEC)”, Cumhuriyet, 26 June 2007. “Kennedy “Sovyetler ile Amerika barış içinde yaşayabilirler” dedi” (Kennedy stated ‘ the Soviets and the US can live in peace’), Cumhuriyet newspaper, 19 December 1962. “Kruçef Küba’daki tecavüzi Silahların geri çekilmesi için dün emir verdi” (Yesterday, Khrushchev ordered the withdrawal of offensive weapons in Cuba”, Cumhuriyet newspaper, 29 October 1962.
208 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. References “Rruçef in Kennedy’yi Moskova’ya davet ettiği ileri sürülüyor” (It is argued that Khrushchev invited Kennedy to Moscow), Cumhuriyet newspaper, 02 October 1962. “Küba’daki abluka hattında beklenen Sovyet gemilerinden bazısı rotalarını değiştirdiler” (some of the Soviet ships waiting under blockade in Cuba started to change their route), Cumhuriyet newspaper, 25 October 1962. “Küba’nın bir Sovyet üssü haline gelmesine müsaade edilemez” (Cuba cannot be a Soviet Base), Cumhuriyet, 15 September 1962. “Libya’da ABD Eli” (USA hand on Libya), Cumhuriyet, 24 February 2020. “Moskova’yla Yeni Dönem Başlayacak (New Era to Begin with Moscow)”, Cumhuriyet, 5 December 2004. “PKK/Kongra Gel’e Karşılık Çeçen Kozu (Chechen Card in return for PKK/Kongra Gel)”, Cumhuriyet, 4 December 2004. “Putin döneminin ilk belirtileri (First signs of the Putin period)”, Cumhuriyet, 7 February 2000. “Putin hemen kollan sıvadı (Putin immediately rolled up his sleeves)”, Cumhuriyet, 28 March 2000. “Putin tehlikeli.ancak iş yapılabilir (Putin is dangerous. but he can be cooperated)” Cumhuriyet, 3 January 2000. “Putin: Diktatörlük hayalini unutun (Putin: Give up the dream of dictatorship)”, Cumhuriyet, 19 January 2000. “Putin’den Gövde Gösterisi (Show of Strength by Putin)”, Cumhuriyet, 21 March 2000. “Putin’in komünistlerle ittifakına tepki (Reaction to Putin's alliance with communists)”, Cumhuriyet, 20 January 2000. “Putin’le tanışma zirvesi yapıldı (Summit held to meet Putin)”, Cumhuriyet, 31 January 2000. “Rus gizli
servisine suçlama (Charge against Russian secret service)”, Cumhuriyet, 7 January 2000. “Rus istihbaratı PKK’ya para yardımı yaptı (Russian intelligence provided money to РИС)”, Cumhuriyet, 27 February 2000. “Rus ordularına “Harbe hazır ol” emri verildi” (Russian armies are instructed to be ready for the war), Cumhuriyet, newspaper, 12 September 1962. “Ruslar Grozm’nm kalbinde (Russians in the heart of Grozny)”, Cumhuriyet, 19 January 2000. “Ruslar Scud, Çeçenler kimyasal silah kullanıyor (Russians use Scud, Chechens use chemical weapons)”, Cumhuriyet, 3 January 2000.
Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 209 “Rusların hedefi Argun (Russians aim for Argun)”, Cumhuriyet, 14 February 2000. “Rusya destekli Suriye ordusu ilerliyor” (Syrian army supported by Russia is progressing), Cumhuriyet, 25 February 2020. “Rusya Geleceğini Oyluyor (Russia Voting for its Future)”, Cumhuriyet, 26 March 2000. “Rusya İle Yeni Dönem (New Era with Russia)”, Cumhuriyet, 5 December 2004. “Rusya Kıbrıs’ta Jest Yapabilir” (Russia May Make a Gesture in Cyprus)”, Cumhuriyet, 5 December 2004. “Rusya NATO’ya Zor Girer (It is Long Shot that Russia joins NATO)”, Cumhuriyet, 18 March 2000. “Rusya ve NATO ilişki tazeledi (Russia and NATO reaffirmed relations)”, Cumhuriyet, 28 February 2000. “Rusya ve Türkiye sınırlı savaşta” (Russia and Turkey are in limited war), Cumhuriyet, 21 February 2020. “Rusya Ziyaretinden Gündem: Kıbrıs, PKK ve İran (Agenda of Russia Visit: Cyprus, РИС and Iran)”, Cumhuriyet, 27 June 2006. “Rusya’dan açılım politikası (Initiative policy from Russia)”, Cumhuriyet, 2 March 2000. “Rusya’dan Karadeniz için Ziyaret (Visit from Russia for Black Sea)”, Cumhuriyet, 4 June 2007. “Rusya’dan Türkiye’ye destek (Russia Supports Turkey)”, Cumhuriyet, 1 March 2000. “Rusya’nın Sorunu Gülen (Problem of Russia: Gülen)”, Cumhuriyet, 8 December 2004. “Rusya’ya 100 Yıl Gerek (Russia Needs 100 Years)”, Cumhuriyet, 16 March 2000. “Rusya’ya Tarihi Ziyaret (Historical Visit to Russia)”, Cumhuriyet, 29 June 2006. “Rusya’yla Ana Gündem Enerji (Main Agenda with Russia is
Energy)”, Cumhuriyet, 6 December 2004. “Rusya’yla enerji pazarlığı (Energy bargain with Russia)” Cumhuriyet, 11 January 2005. “Sovyet tepkisi yumuşak oldu” (The Soviets softyly reacted), Cumhuriyet, newspaper, 24 October 1962. “Sovyet-Amerikan siyasi münasebetlerinde yumuşama görülüyor” (Political relations between the Soviet Union and the USA softens), Cumhuriyet newspaper, 23 November 1962. “Türk-Rus ilişkilerinde yeni tehlike (New threat in Turkish-Russian relations)”, Cumhuriyet, 25 January 2000.
References 210 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. “Türkiye NATO’nun Füze Kalkanı (Turkey is Missile Shield of NATO)”, Cumhuriyet, 18 June 2007. “Türkiye Soğuk Davrandı (Turkey Kept Its Distance)”, Cumhuriyet, 28 June 2007. “Vladimir Putin ve Yeni Rusya (Vladimir Putin and New Russia)”, Cumhuriyet, 10 January 2000. “Yeltsin’den yeni yıl sürprizi (New year surprise from Yeltsin)”, Cumhuriyet, 1 January 2000. Hakan Aksay, “BDT Dosyası, Doğalgazda Rusya Öne Çıkıyor (CIS File, Russia Rises to Prominence in Natural Gas)”, Cumhuriyet, 6 March 2000. Hakan Aksay, “Putin Neden Türkiye’yi Adres Gösterdi? (Why did Putin Target Turkey?)”, Cumhuriyet, 14 June 2007. http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/diger/82670/bolum/23/video.h tml, Retrieved on: 22 December 2019. Sabah Newspaper 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. “24 Kasım öncesinden daha iyi olacak (It will be better than the period prior to November 24)”, Sabah, 10 August 2016. “4 Anlaşma İmzalandı (4 Agreements Signed)”, Sabah, 4 April 2018. “62 Milyar Dolarlık Yatırım Hacmi (Investment Volume Worth 62 Billion Dollars)”, Sabah, 29 June 2016. “ABD Boğazı Geçti Rusya Tepki Verdi (USA Passed through Bosporus, Russia Reacted)”, Sabah, 23 August 2008. “ABD'li Senatör Graham, İdlib'de "uçuşa yasak bölge" çağrısını yineledi” (U.S. Senator Graham reiterates his call for the establishment of a “no-fly zone” in Idlib), https://www.sabah.com.tr/dunya/2020/03/03/abdli-senator-grahamidlibde-ucusa-yasak-bolge-cagrisini-yineledi, Retrieved on: 4 March 2020. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. “Askeri müdahale en son seçenek (Military intervention is the last option)”,
Sabah, 5 March 2014. “Ateşkeste anlaştılar (Agreed on ceasefire)”, Sabah, 4 July 2017. “Bağımsızlık ilanı (Declaration of independence)”, Sabah, 12 March 2014. “Batı düşman olmamızı istiyordu, artık dostuz (The West wanted us to be enemies, we are friends now)”, Sabah, 5 April 2018. “Batı Rusya ile ipleri koparıyor (West breaks ties with Russia)”, Sabah, 14 March 2014.
Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 133. 211 “Beni Kimse Devirmedi, Tehditten Dolayı Ayrıldım (Nobody Overthrew Me, I Left Because Of Threats)”, Sabah, 1 March 2014. 134. “Benzersiz bir zirve (Unexampled summit)”, Sabah, 10 August 2016. 135. “Bir tek Türkiye yanımızda (Only Turkey stands by us)”, Sabah, 14 March 2014. 136. “Bölgesel diplomasinin kalbi Ankara’da atacak (The heart of regional diplomacy will beat in Ankara)”, Sabah, 3 April 2018. 137. “Çözüm ancak diplomaside (Solution is only possible through diplomacy)”, Sabah 28 October 2018. 138. “Davutoğlu’ndan Kırım reçetesi (Solution to Crimea by Davutoğlu)”, Sabah, 8 March 2014. 139. “Davutoğlu’nun telefon diplomasisi (Davutoğlu's telephone diplomacy)”, Sabah, 3 March 2014. 140. “Devler İstanbul’da buluşuyor (Giants meet in Istanbul)”, Sabah, 27 October 2018. 141. “Doğru Yolda Ciddi Adımlar (Serious Steps on the Right Path)”, Sabah, 29 June 2016. 142. “Dost zirvesinden çıkan 10 sonuç (10 results from the friendly summit)”, Sabah, 30 September 2017. 143. “Erdoğan Acil Önlem İçin Devreye Girdi (Erdoğan Stepped in for Urgent Measures)”, Sabah 12 August 2008. 144. “Erdoğan ile Putin’in ana gündemi Suriye (Erdoğan and Putin's main agenda is Syria)”, Sabah, 3 May 2017. 145. “Erdoğan Savaş Bölgesinde (Erdoğan in the War Zone)”, Sabah, 14 August 2008. 146. “Erdoğan: Yeni bir sayfa açılacak (Erdoğan: A new leaf will be turned)”, Sabah, 8 August 2016. 147. “Erdoğan’dan Güney Afrika’da Feto uyarısı (Erdoğan warned against FETÖ in South Africa)”, Sabah, 27 July 2018. 148. “Erdoğan’ in siyasi iradesinin eseri (The work of
Erdoğan's political will)”, Sabah, 20 November 2018. 149. “G20’de Erdoğan’ın yoğun gündemi (Erdoğan's busy agenda at G20)”, Sabah, 1 December 2018. 150. “Hedef Suriye’de tam ateşkes (The goal is complete ceasefire in Syria)”, Sabah, 28 October 2018. 151. “Irak ve Suriye parçalanamaz (Iraq and Syria cannot be divided)”, Sabah, 29 September 2017. 152. “İşgal varken Rusya İle Görüşmeyiz (No Meetings with Russia during Invasion)”, Sabah, 21 August 2008.
212 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. References “Kanımız yerde kalmaz” (We will reimburse the blood shed), Sabah, 28 February 2020. “Keny ve Lavrov’un Münih düellosu (Kény and Lavrov's duel in Munich)”, Sabah, 2 February 2014. “Kınm artık resmen Rusya’nın toprağı (Crimea is now official Russian territory)”, Sabah, 19 March 2014. “Kınm Tatarlan da özerklik ilan edecek (Crimean Tatars will also declare autonomy)”, Sabah, 30 March 2014. “Kınm’da Milis Kuşatması (Militia Occupation in Crimea)”, Sabah, 1 March 2014. “Kınm’da Rusya’ya bağlanmaya “evet” (Crimea says "yes" to annexation to Russia)”, Sabah, 17 March 2014. “Kremlin “Süper Güç” Olma Yolunda (Kremlin is in the making of "Super Power")”, Sabah, 30 August 2008. “Kremlin Erdoğan’ın uyarısını duymalı” (Kremlin must hear Erdogan’s warning), Sabah, 21 Februaiy 2020. “Kritik Ziyaret (Crucial Visit)”, Sabah, 13 November 2017. “Krizde İkinci Perde (Second Act in Crisis)”, Sabah, 16 August 2008. “Liderlerden Erdoğan’a Fetö’ye karşı tam destek (Full support from leaders to Erdoğan against Fetö)”, Sabah, 4 September 2016. “Medvedev Anlaşmayı İmzaladı (Medvedev Signed Agreement)”, Sabah, 17 August 2008. “Moskova Operasyonu Durdurdu (Moscow Ceased Operation)”, Sabah, 13 August 2008. “Moskova’dan Kiev’e doğalgaz Cezası (Natural gas penalty from Moscow to Kiev)”, Sabah, 2 April 2014. “NATO'dan Esad rejimi ve destekçilerine çağrı! "Saldırılara bir an önce son verin” (NATO’s call to Assad regime and its supporters! “End the attacks as soon as possible!”), Sabah, 4
March 2020. “NATO’dan İşgale karşı Tatbikat (Military exercise by NATO against invasion)”, Sabah, 3 April 2014. “Normalleşme tamam, Ekonomi uçuşa geçti (Normalization completed, Economy boomed)” Sabah, 4 May 2017. “Ortak Gücümüz (Our Mutual Strength)”, Sabah, 8 February 2014. “Piyasalara Mektup Dopingi (Letter Boost to Markets)”, Sabah, 28 June 2016. “Putin 2018’de yeniden aday (Putin reruns for president in 2018)”, Sabah, 7 December 2017. “Putin geliyor, gündem Kudüs ve Suriye (Putin is coming, the agenda is Jerusalem and Syria)”, Sabah, 11 December 2017.
Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 174. 213 “Putin ile Kuzey Irak trafiği (Northern Iraq traffic with Putin)”, Sabah, 26 September 2017. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. “Putin, Barzani ile görüştü (Putin met Barzani)”, Sabah, 22 February 2013. “Putin: AB, Ukrayna’ya karışma (Putin to EU: Do not interfere with Ukraine)”, Sabah, 30 January 2014. “Putin’den Erdoğan’a Teşekkür Telefonu (Thank You Phone Call from Putin to Erdoğan)”, Sabah, 29 June 2016. “Putin’den İlk Talimat: Yaptırımları Kaldırın (“First Instruction from Putin: Remove Sanctions)”, Sabah, 30 June 2016. “PYD/YPG Bitmeden Durmayacağız (We won't stop until the PYD / YPG cease to exist)”, Sabah, 5 April 2018. “Referandumun meşruiyeti yok (The referendum has no legitimacy)”, Sabah, 18 March 2014. “Rus-Türk barışından Rahatsızlar (Disturbance due to RussianTurkish peace)”, Sabah, 30 June 2016. “Rusya Gürcistan’a Dava Açtı (Russia Sued Georgia)”, Sabah, 12 August 2008. “Rusya ile Hızlı Başladık (Jump-start with Russia)”, Sabah, 2 July 2016. “Rusya zenginler liginden düştü (Russia was relegated from the league of the rich)”, Sabah, 19 March 2014. “Rusya, Türkiye ve İran’ı birbirine yakınlaştıracak (Russia will get Turkey and Iran closer to each other)”, Sabah, 4 July 2017. “Rusya’dan 70 milyar dolar çıktı (Russia missed 70 billion dollars)”, Sabah, 26 March 2014. “Rusya’ dan tehdit gecikmedi (Russia was swift to threaten)”, Sabah, 7 March 2014. “Rusya’nın darbe karşıtı tavımı takdir ediyoruz (We appreciate the anti-coup attitude of Russia)”,
Sabah, 5 August 2016. “Rusya’nın Kozu Doğalgaz (Russia's Trump is Natural Gas)”, Sabah, 16 August 2008. “Rusya’nın tek özel kanalını susturdu (Only private channel of Russia silenced).”, Sabah, 21 Januaiy 2001. “Rusya’yla ortak fon hayata geçiriyoruz (We are carrying a joint fiind with Russia into effect)”, Sabah, 10 March 2017. “S-400’de erken teslimat mutabakatı (Agreement on earlier delivery of S-400s)”, Sabah, 4 April 2018. “Sıcak gündemde kritik buluşma (Critical meeting on the hot agenda)”, Sabah, 28 September 2017. “Silahsız çözüm (Armless solution)”, Sabah, 18 September 2018.
214 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. References “Soğuk Savaş Ukrayna’da Hortladı (Cold War Revived in Ukraine)”, Sabah, 2 March 2014. “SON DAKİKA: AK Parti Sözcüsü Ömer Çelik: "Katil rejim ve onu cesaretlendirenler hu kalleşliğin hesabım en ağır şekilde vereceklerdir." (BREAKING NEWS: AK Party Spokesperson Ömer Çelik: “The murderer regime and those who encouraged them will account for this treachery in the most severe way.”), https://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2020/02/27/ak-parti-sozcusuomer-celik-katil-rejim-ve-onu-cesaretlendirenler-bu-kallesliginhesabini-en-agir-sekilde-vereceklerdir, Retrieved on: 4 March 2020. “Soydaşlarımız için seferberiz (We are mobilized for our cognates)”, Sabah, 2 March 2014. “Suriye’de siyasi çözüm konusunda mutabıkız (We agree on political solution in Syria)” Sabah, 14 November 2017. “Suriye’de terör adalarına izin yok (No permission to terrorist areas in Syria)”, Sabah, 9 July 2017. “Tarih yazıldı (History was made)”, Sabah, 11 March 2017. “Tarihi projede temel atılıyor (Groundbreaking of historical project)”, Sabah, 3 April 2018. “Terör koridoru istemiyoruz (We are not desirous of terror corridor)”, Sabah 5 September 2016. “Trump’la Karat, Putin’le Suriye (Carat with Trump, Syria with Putin)”, Sabah, 1 July 2017. “TürkAkım işbirliğimizin temeli (Turkish Stream is the basis of our cooperation)”, Sabah, 19 November 2018. “Türkiye Gürcistan’ın Yaralarını saracak (Turkey will relieve Georgia)”, Sabah, 15 August 2008. “Türkiye-Rusya ilişkilerinde milat (Milestone in Turkey-Russia relations)”,
Sabah, 9 August 2016. “Türkiye’den Rusya’ya jet “Montrö” yanıtı (Swift response ftom Turkey to Russia regarding "Montreux")”, Sabah, 4 April 2014. “Ukrayna askerini çekti, yaptırım savaşı başladı (Ukraine withdrew its troops, sanctions war began)”, Sabah, 21 March 2014. “Ukrayna bölündü, yaptırım başladı (Ukraine was divided, sanctions began)”, Sabah, 18 March 2014. “Ukrayna gerginliği Türkiye’yi etkiler mi (Will Ukraine conflict affect Turkey)”, Sabah, 6 March 2014. “Ukrayna Krizi felaketin eşiğinde (Ukraine Crisis on the brink of disaster)”, Sabah, 3 March 2014. “Ukrayna Suriye Olmaz (Ukraine Will Not Become Syria)”, Sabah, 10 March 2014. “Vatandaş diplomasisi (Citizen diplomacy)”, Sabah, 3 July 2017.
Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 215 “Ve Soğuk Savaş (And Cold War)”, Sabah, 12 August 2008. “Yeni Bir Sayfa Açıldı (A New Leaf Turned)”, Sabah, 30 June 2016. “Yeniden İyi İlişkiler Kurmak İstiyoruz (We Would Like to Re establish Good Relations)”, Sabah, 16 June 2016. Ibrahim Kalın, “Putin’in ziyareti ve Türkiye-Rusya İlişkileri (Putin's visit and Turkey-Russia Relations)”, http://www.sabah.com.tr/yazarlar/ibrahim_kalin/2014/12/04/putin in-ziyareti-ve-turkiyerusya-iliskileri, Retrieved on: 04 December 2014. Murat Yetkin “Başbakan Ecevit Almanya-Rusya yakınlaşmasına dikkat çekti (Prime Minister Ecevit drew attention to German-Russia rapprochement)”. Sabah, 3 January 2001. Soviet Newspaper Kommunist 218. 219. 220. “Sovyet piyanocusunun muvaffakıyyeti” (The success of the Soviet pianist), Kommunist, 18 November 1981. “Türkiye Hadiseleri” (Events in Turkey), Kommunist, 14 September 1980. “Türkiye’de Vaziyet” (Status in Turkey), Kommunist, 14 September 1980. Hürriyet Newspaper 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. “Akar: “Rusya ile Karşı Karşıya gelmeyiz” (Akar: We will not pitch against Russia), Hürriyet, 21 Februaty 2020. “Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan’dan 6 Salvo” (6 Salvos írom President Erdoğan), Hürriyet, 20 February 2020. “Esad Rotasını Halep’e Çevirdi” (Assad Tums Its Route to Aleppo), Hürriyet, 18 February 2020. “Putin’den Demirel’e Kafkasya Cevabı (Putin's Caucasus Response to Demirei)”, Hürriyet, 29 February 2000. “Rusya ve İran’a Çağrı: Esad’ı Durdurun” (Call to Russia and Iran: Stop Assad), Hürriyet, 12 February 2020. “NATO Genel Sekreteri
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обязанности Президента, Председатель Правительства Владимир Путин присутствовал на первом заседании Государственной Думы третьего созыва”, http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/37780 Retrieved оп:10 March 2020. “История выборов президента России. Досье”, https://tass.ru/info/4820163. “Коммерсант”:
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ЗАКАВКАЗЬЯ И ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ” (N. Belyakova, “PLACE AND ROLE OF ISLAM IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, CUSTOMS AND CENTRAL ASIA”), https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/krym-i-rossiysko-turetskieotnosheniya/viewer, Retrieved on: 15 February 2020. “Нефтегазовый обмен: РФ и Турция уступили друг
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достигнута главная цель: защищены российские миротворцы и гражданское население Южной Осетии”, http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/1073 Retrieved orni 1 March 2020. “Отношения на подъеме. Путин и Эрдоган встретились на полях саммита БРИКС (Relations are improving. Putin and Erdoğan met on the
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Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 377. 378. 379. 380. 231 “Подписан Договор о принятии Республики Крым в Российскую Федерацию (Agreement on the Annexation of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation was signed)”, http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/20604, Retrieved on: 15
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234 410. 411. 412. 413. 414. 415. 416. 417. 418. 419. References рыбой и ягодами (Putin treated participants of the Istanbul summit to Ural fish and berries)”, https://iz.ru/805595/2018-10-28/putinugostil-uchastnikov-sammita-v-stambule-uralskoi-ryboi-i-iagodam, Retrieved on: 16 February 2020.
“Путин, Эрдоган и Берлускони расписывают газовую трубу на троих (Putin, Erdoğan and Berlusconi draw a gas pipeline for three)”, https://svpressa.ru/society/article/12284/, Retrieved on: 19 February 2020. “Путин, Эрдоган и Роухани решают судьбу Идлиба. Турция против наступления (Putin, Erdoğan and
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Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 539. 540. 541. 542. 247 https://www.bbc.com/russian/mtemational/2014/03/140329_crimea _tatars_autonomy, Retrieved on: 15 February 2020. Россия призвала Турцию выплатить компенсацию за Су-24 (Russia called on Turkey to pay compensation for the Su-24), http://www.lragir.am/index/rus/0/right/view/45899, Retrieved on: lbDecember 2015. Россия призывает власти Турции прекратить истребление мирного населения в курдских районах (Russia calls on Turkish authorities to stop the extermination of civilians in Kurdish areas), http://www.armtoday.info/default.asp?Lang=_Ru NewsID=14115 8, Retrieved on: 21 January 2016. С. А. Ланцов, “ОКТЯБРЬСКАЯ РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ 1917 ГОДА: ЗАМЫСЛЫ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ” (RUSSIAN OCTOBER REVOLUTION OF 1917: PLANS AND OUTCOMES), ВЕСТНИК САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА T. 10. Вып. 4 ПОЛИТОЛОГИЯ. МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ (2017, р. 289-300. Эрдоган извинился перед родственниками пилота за сбитый Су24 (Erdoğan apologizes to the pilot’s relatives for the Su-24 shot down), http://www.dw.com/ru/, 19 February 2018. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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Table of Contents Preface.vii Chapter 1. 1 Overview of Turkish-Russian Relations before 2000 Introduction.1 Developments After World War I - The 16 March 1921 Moscow Treaty. 5 The Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits and Turkish-Soviet Relations.8 Soviet Thesis Regarding the Straits. 16 Events That Happened After World War II. 17 NATO Membership of Turkey and Its Effect on Turkish-Soviet Relations.25 Turkish-Russian Relations during the Nikita Khrushchev Era. 28 Turkish-Soviet Relations during the Leonid Brezhnev Era. 35 Turkish-Soviet Relations during the Yuri Andropov Era .58 Turkish-Russian Relations during the Konstantin Chernenko (1984-1985) Era. 61 Turkish-Soviet Relations during the Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-1991) Era. 67
Turkish-Russian Relations after the Dissolution of the USSR. 83 Chapter II. 91 Developments between 2000-2015 Introduction. 91 Crucial Developments During the Years Before Putin's Accession to Power. 93 The Elections of March 26 2000 and Putin's Accession to Power. 108 Turkish-Russian Relations during the Putin Era. 110 Putin's Visit to Ankara and Convergence in Relations.115 Prime Minister Erdoğan's Visit to Moscow. 117 Ofticial Talks between the Heads of State and the Issue of Energy Roads. 118 The Missile Shield Project. 123
Table of Contents VI The Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization (BSEC) Meeting. 126 Georgia Conflicts and Turkish-Russian Relations.127 Russian Federation-China Relations. 134 Official Visits and Energy Agreements between the Parties.139 Chapter III. 153 Turkish-Russian Relations between 2015-2020 The Aircraft Crisis.153 Détente in the Post-Crisis Period. 157 Ongoing Re-negotiations After the Crisis. 162 The Sochi Meeting of May 3 2017 and Sochi Negotiations. 165 Leaders’ Meeting in Sochi Again.169 The Turkish-Iranian-Russian Trilateral Summit. 172 Completion of the Sea Phase of the Turkish Stream project and the G20 Summit in Argentina. 176 The Start of 2019 with the Syrian Problem. 177 The G20 Leaders’ Summit at INTEX Osaka, and Subsequent Developments.180 The Turkish-Russian-Iranian Trilateral Summit
Meeting.182 The Memorandum of Understanding between Turkey and the Russian Federation. 183 Important Issues Related to Russian-Turkish Relations in early 2020. 186 The Idlib Crisis. 190 Conclusion. 198 References 203
References Archive Materials of Turkey Republic Prime Ministry 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Archive of Turkey Republic Prime Ministry 0300180102652008 Archive of Turkey Republic Prime Ministry 03010002194769 Document on the tonnage of the Soviet navy in the Black Sea Archive of Turkey Republic Prime Ministry 03010042 111 Archive of Turkey Republic Prime Ministry 03010000063424233 Republic of Turkey Official Gazette, 12 September 1980 Republic of Turkey Official Gazette, 12 September 1980 Republic of Turkey Official Gazette, 12 September 1980 Books 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. A.N. Saharov, История России, С Древнейших Времен до Наших Дней (History of Russia, From Ancient Times to Our Days), Moscow, 2016. A.S. Orlov, V.A. Georgiev, N.G. Georgieva, T.A. Sivoxina, История России (History of Russia), Moscow, 2013. Ahmet Kuyaş, Gençler İçin Çağdaş Tarih (Contemporary History for Young People), Epsilon Kitabevi. Aleksandr Dugin, Rus Jeopolitiği Avrasyacı Yaklaşım (Russian Geopolitics Eurasian Approach), İstanbul, Küre Publishing, 2015. Aydin Balayev, Азербайджанское Национальное Движение: От Мусавата До Народного Фронта (Azerbaycan Ulusal Harekatı: Musavat’tan Halk Cephesine), Baku, Elm, 1992. Aygün Attar, Karabağ Sorunu Kapsamında Ermeniler ve Ermeni Siyaseti (Armenians and Armenian Politics within the Scope of Karabakh Issue), Ankara, 2012. Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti Yasalar Toplusu (Collection of Laws of Azerbaijan Republic) I Volume, Baku, Hukuk Edebiyatı (Legal Literature), 2001. B.M. Yagudin, Gosudarstvenmy Perevorot 12 Sentyabiya 1980 goda v Turtsii, Uçeme Zapiski Kazanskogo
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204 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. References coup in Turkey, Journal of Kazan State University, Volume 150, Issue 1, Humanities), 2008, p207-213. Caşın Mesut Hakkı, Derman Giray Saynur (2016), Rus Dış Politikasındaki Değişim ve Kremlin Penceresinden Yeni Ufiıklar (Changes in Russian Foreign Policy and New Horizons Through the Kremlin Perspective), Ankara, p468. Catherine Evtuhov, Richard Stites, 1800’den itibaren Rusya Tarihi, Halklar, Efsaneler, Olaylar, Güçler (A History of Russia: Peoples, Legends, Events, Forces Since 1800) (Translated by Ahmet Cevdet Aşkın), Istanbul, 2018, p528. Cemil Hesenli, Azerbaycan Tarihi: 1918-1920 (History of Azerbaijan: 1918-1920), Ankara, 1998. Charles Seignobos, Rusya’nın Doğuşundan Çar II. Nikolay’a Rus Hükümeti”, (Russian Government from Birth of Russia to Tsar Nikolai II) Prepared by: Vefa Kurban, Yeditepe Yayınevi, Istanbul, 2018. Çeşko S.V. Распад Советского Союз. Этнополитический анализ (The collapse of the Soviet Union. Ethnopolitical analysis), Moscow, 1996. Fahir Armaoğlu, 20. Yüzyıl Siyasi Tarihi (Political History of 20th Century), (Volume 1-2:1914-1995), Alkım Yayınevi, Ankara, 2000. Faruk Sönmezoğlu, II. Dünya Savaşı’ndan Günümüze Türk Dış Politikası (Turkish Foreign Policy since World War II), Der Publishing, Istanbul, 2006. Haluk Ülman, İkinci Cihan Savaşı’mn Başından Truman Doktrini’ne Kadar Türk-Amerikan Diplomatik Münasebetleri (Turkish-American Diplomatic Relations from the Beginning of the Second World War to the Truman Doctrine), Ankara, 1961. Helene Carrere D’Encausse, Dünyayı Değiştiren Altı Yıl:
19851991 (Six years that changed the world: 1985-1991), Sovyet İmparatorluğu’nun Yıkılışı (The Fall of the Soviet Empire), translated by Şehsuvar Aktaş, Istanbul, 2015. Henry Kissinger, Diplomasi (Diplomacy), translated by Ibrahim. H. Kurt, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Publishing, Istanbul, 2018. Marçuk, N.î. “Neobyavlennaya” Voyna v Afganistane: Ofítsialnaya Versiya i Uroki Pravdi, ("Undeclared" war in Afghanistan: the official version of and the lessons from truth), Moscow, 1993. Mirza Bala Mehmetzade, Milli Azerbaycan Harekatı (National Azerbaijan Movement), Ankara, 1991. Mleçin, L.M. Yuriy Andropov. Poslednyaya nadejda rejima (Last Hope of the Regime), Moscow, 2008.
Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 205 Musa Qastmli, Türkiye-Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetleri Birliği İlişkileri, 1960-1980 (USSR-Turkey relations, 1960-1980), Ankara, 2013. Musa Qasimli, SSCB Belgelerinde SSCB-Türkiye Yakın Tarihi SSCB-Türkiye ilişkileri, Türkiye’de 1980 Darbesi’nden SSCB’nin Dağılmasına Kadar (Late History of USSR-Turkey and USSRTurkey relations in USSR documents, from the 1980 Turkish coup d'état to the dissolution of USSR), Kaknüs Publishing, Istanbul, 2012. Nesib Nesibli, Azerbaycan Demokratik Respublikası (Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan), Baku, Elm 1990. Olaylarla Türk Dış Politikası (1919-1995) (Turkish Foreign Policy with Developments) (1919-1995), Siyasal Publishing, Ankara, 1996. Oral Sander, Siyasi Tarih (Political History) (1918-1994), İmge Kitabevi. Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000, Translation: Birtane Karanakçı, Ankara, 1998. Príbytkov V.V. Chernenko, Moscow, 2009. Rifat Üçarol, Siyasi Tarih (Political History), 1914-2014, D R Publishing, Istanbul, 2019. Semanov, S. Yuriy Andropov, Moscow, 2003. Sogrin V.V., Политическая История Современной России (Political History of Modem Russia). 1985—2001: от Горбачева до Путина (1985-2001 : from Gorbachev to Putin), Moscow, 2001. Turkish Republics in the Twenty Seventh Year of Their Independence, Ahmet Yesevi University, Editors: A. Ç. Yıldız, M. Yılmaz, Ankara, 2018. V. V. Kirillov, История России (Russian History), Moscow, 2012. Vefa Kurhan, Sovyet
Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği Tarihi (History of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics), İstanbul, Yeditepe Publishing, 2020. Velikaya Oteçestvennaya Voyna. 1941-1945: Voenno-İstoriçeskie oçerki, Moscow, 1998. Горбачев - Ельцин: 1500 дней политического противостояния (Gorbachev - Yeltsin: 1500 days of political confrontation), Moscow, 1992.
206 44. 45. 46. 47. References Евгений Чазов, Хоровод смертей (Yevgeniy Chazov, Dance of Death). Брежнев, Андропов, Черненко (Brezhnev, Andropov, Chernenko), Moscow, 2014. Habibe Özdal, Sovyetler Birliği’nin Dağılmasından Kırım’ın İlhakına Rus Dış Politikasında Ukrayna (Ukraine in Russian Foreign Policy from the Dissolution of the Soviet Union to the annexation of Crimea), Ankara: Usak Publishing, 2016. Thomas de Waal, Black garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through peace and war, New York University Press, 2003. Rodionov A. Turtsiya. Armiya і Politika, Azıya i Afrika Segodnya (Turkey. Army and Politics, Asia and Africa Today), 1995, No: 1, pp24-25. Cumhuriyet Newspaper 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. “7 Nokta Esad Bölgesinde” (7Points in Assad Area), Cumhuriyet 18 February 2020. “AB Eneijide Sorun Çıkarır (EU Creates Trouble in Energy)”, Cumhuriyet, 7 December 2004. “ABD: Rusya-Türkiye Çatışmaya Yakın” (The USA: Russia and Turkey are on the brink of fight), Cumhuriyet, 21 February 2020. “Asker Ateş Hattına İlerliyor” (Soldiers Move Towards the Firing Line), Cumhuriyet, 20 February 2020. “Atatürk Dönemi Örnek Olsun (Let Atatürk Period Set An Example)”, Cumhuriyet, 7 December 2004. “Bakü-Ceyhan hemen başlansın (Let Baku-Ceyhan start right away)”, Cumhuriyet, 16 February 2000. “Blair courts outrage with Putin visit”, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/mar/ll/russia.ethicalfore ignpolicy, Retrieved on: 3 February 2020. “Blair’den Putin’e Destek (Blair Supports Putin)”, Cumhuriyet, 12 March 2000. “Bush’tan Putin’e: Soğuk Savaş Bitti (From Bush to Putin: Cold War is
Over)”, Cumhuriyet, 6 June 2007. “Castro Sovyetleri Marxizm - Leninizm’e ihanetle suçladı” (Castro accused the Soviets of betrayal of Marxism and Leninism), Cumhuriyet, 14 November 1962. “Çeçen savaşında zamanlama faktörü (Timing factor in Chechen war)”, Cumhuriyet, 17 January 2000. “Çeçen savaşıyla destek kazandı (He won support with Chechen war)”, Cumhuriyet, l January 2000.
Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 207 “Çeçenler Grozni’dan çekildi (Chechens withdrew from Grozny)”, Cumhuriyet, 2 February 2000. “Çeçenler Ruslan zorluyor (Chechens are challenging Russians)”, Cumhuriyet, 4 January 2000. “Çeçenler silah bırakıyor (Chechens leaving arms)”, Cumhuriyet, 31 January 2000. “Çeçen Cumhuriyeti İçkerya (Chechen Republic of Ichkeria)”, http://ickerya.com/cecenya/tarih/, Retrieved on: 24 December 2019. “Çeçenleri pasta gibi dilim dilim keseceğiz (We will cut Chechens like a cake into slices)”, Cumhuriyet, 15 February 2000. “Dörtlü masa zorda” (Difficult times at the table of the four), Cumhuriyet, 26 February 2020. “G8’den Net Sözler Çıkmadı (No resolutions from G8)”, Cumhuriyet, 8 June 2007. “İki ülke ilişkileri daha da gelişecek (Relations between the two countries will further develop)”, Cumhuriyet, 1 January 2000. “İlk Olarak Anıtkabir’i Ziyaret Etti (He First Visited Anıtkabir)”, Cumhuriyet, 7 December 2004. “Jeffrey’den 1 ay içinde ikinci ziyaret” (The second visit from Jeffrey in 1 month), Cumhuriyet, 12 February 2020. “Kafkaslar hareketlendi (Situation in Caucasus escalated)”, Cumhuriyet, 16 February 2000. “Kafkasya’dan elinizi çekin (Take your hands off the Caucasus)”, Cumhuriyet, 14 Januaiy 2000. “Kalkan Düellosu Sürüyor” (Shield Duel Continues)”, Cumhuriyet, 10 June 2007. “Karadeniz Yeni cazibe Merkezi (Black Sea Becomes Centre of Attraction)”, Cumhuriyet, 25 June 2007. “Karadeniz Yeni cazibe Merkezi” (Black Sea Becomes Centre of Attraction)”, Cumhuriyet,
25 June 2007. “KEİ Sonuç Bildirgesi (BSEC Final Declaration)”, Cumhuriyet, 26 June 2007. “KEİ’ye Eneiji Gölgesi (Energy Conflict in BSEC)”, Cumhuriyet, 26 June 2007. “Kennedy “Sovyetler ile Amerika barış içinde yaşayabilirler” dedi” (Kennedy stated ‘ the Soviets and the US can live in peace’), Cumhuriyet newspaper, 19 December 1962. “Kruçef Küba’daki tecavüzi Silahların geri çekilmesi için dün emir verdi” (Yesterday, Khrushchev ordered the withdrawal of offensive weapons in Cuba”, Cumhuriyet newspaper, 29 October 1962.
208 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. References “Rruçef in Kennedy’yi Moskova’ya davet ettiği ileri sürülüyor” (It is argued that Khrushchev invited Kennedy to Moscow), Cumhuriyet newspaper, 02 October 1962. “Küba’daki abluka hattında beklenen Sovyet gemilerinden bazısı rotalarını değiştirdiler” (some of the Soviet ships waiting under blockade in Cuba started to change their route), Cumhuriyet newspaper, 25 October 1962. “Küba’nın bir Sovyet üssü haline gelmesine müsaade edilemez” (Cuba cannot be a Soviet Base), Cumhuriyet, 15 September 1962. “Libya’da ABD Eli” (USA hand on Libya), Cumhuriyet, 24 February 2020. “Moskova’yla Yeni Dönem Başlayacak (New Era to Begin with Moscow)”, Cumhuriyet, 5 December 2004. “PKK/Kongra Gel’e Karşılık Çeçen Kozu (Chechen Card in return for PKK/Kongra Gel)”, Cumhuriyet, 4 December 2004. “Putin döneminin ilk belirtileri (First signs of the Putin period)”, Cumhuriyet, 7 February 2000. “Putin hemen kollan sıvadı (Putin immediately rolled up his sleeves)”, Cumhuriyet, 28 March 2000. “Putin tehlikeli.ancak iş yapılabilir (Putin is dangerous. but he can be cooperated)” Cumhuriyet, 3 January 2000. “Putin: Diktatörlük hayalini unutun (Putin: Give up the dream of dictatorship)”, Cumhuriyet, 19 January 2000. “Putin’den Gövde Gösterisi (Show of Strength by Putin)”, Cumhuriyet, 21 March 2000. “Putin’in komünistlerle ittifakına tepki (Reaction to Putin's alliance with communists)”, Cumhuriyet, 20 January 2000. “Putin’le tanışma zirvesi yapıldı (Summit held to meet Putin)”, Cumhuriyet, 31 January 2000. “Rus gizli
servisine suçlama (Charge against Russian secret service)”, Cumhuriyet, 7 January 2000. “Rus istihbaratı PKK’ya para yardımı yaptı (Russian intelligence provided money to РИС)”, Cumhuriyet, 27 February 2000. “Rus ordularına “Harbe hazır ol” emri verildi” (Russian armies are instructed to be ready for the war), Cumhuriyet, newspaper, 12 September 1962. “Ruslar Grozm’nm kalbinde (Russians in the heart of Grozny)”, Cumhuriyet, 19 January 2000. “Ruslar Scud, Çeçenler kimyasal silah kullanıyor (Russians use Scud, Chechens use chemical weapons)”, Cumhuriyet, 3 January 2000.
Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 209 “Rusların hedefi Argun (Russians aim for Argun)”, Cumhuriyet, 14 February 2000. “Rusya destekli Suriye ordusu ilerliyor” (Syrian army supported by Russia is progressing), Cumhuriyet, 25 February 2020. “Rusya Geleceğini Oyluyor (Russia Voting for its Future)”, Cumhuriyet, 26 March 2000. “Rusya İle Yeni Dönem (New Era with Russia)”, Cumhuriyet, 5 December 2004. “Rusya Kıbrıs’ta Jest Yapabilir” (Russia May Make a Gesture in Cyprus)”, Cumhuriyet, 5 December 2004. “Rusya NATO’ya Zor Girer (It is Long Shot that Russia joins NATO)”, Cumhuriyet, 18 March 2000. “Rusya ve NATO ilişki tazeledi (Russia and NATO reaffirmed relations)”, Cumhuriyet, 28 February 2000. “Rusya ve Türkiye sınırlı savaşta” (Russia and Turkey are in limited war), Cumhuriyet, 21 February 2020. “Rusya Ziyaretinden Gündem: Kıbrıs, PKK ve İran (Agenda of Russia Visit: Cyprus, РИС and Iran)”, Cumhuriyet, 27 June 2006. “Rusya’dan açılım politikası (Initiative policy from Russia)”, Cumhuriyet, 2 March 2000. “Rusya’dan Karadeniz için Ziyaret (Visit from Russia for Black Sea)”, Cumhuriyet, 4 June 2007. “Rusya’dan Türkiye’ye destek (Russia Supports Turkey)”, Cumhuriyet, 1 March 2000. “Rusya’nın Sorunu Gülen (Problem of Russia: Gülen)”, Cumhuriyet, 8 December 2004. “Rusya’ya 100 Yıl Gerek (Russia Needs 100 Years)”, Cumhuriyet, 16 March 2000. “Rusya’ya Tarihi Ziyaret (Historical Visit to Russia)”, Cumhuriyet, 29 June 2006. “Rusya’yla Ana Gündem Enerji (Main Agenda with Russia is
Energy)”, Cumhuriyet, 6 December 2004. “Rusya’yla enerji pazarlığı (Energy bargain with Russia)” Cumhuriyet, 11 January 2005. “Sovyet tepkisi yumuşak oldu” (The Soviets softyly reacted), Cumhuriyet, newspaper, 24 October 1962. “Sovyet-Amerikan siyasi münasebetlerinde yumuşama görülüyor” (Political relations between the Soviet Union and the USA softens), Cumhuriyet newspaper, 23 November 1962. “Türk-Rus ilişkilerinde yeni tehlike (New threat in Turkish-Russian relations)”, Cumhuriyet, 25 January 2000.
References 210 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. “Türkiye NATO’nun Füze Kalkanı (Turkey is Missile Shield of NATO)”, Cumhuriyet, 18 June 2007. “Türkiye Soğuk Davrandı (Turkey Kept Its Distance)”, Cumhuriyet, 28 June 2007. “Vladimir Putin ve Yeni Rusya (Vladimir Putin and New Russia)”, Cumhuriyet, 10 January 2000. “Yeltsin’den yeni yıl sürprizi (New year surprise from Yeltsin)”, Cumhuriyet, 1 January 2000. Hakan Aksay, “BDT Dosyası, Doğalgazda Rusya Öne Çıkıyor (CIS File, Russia Rises to Prominence in Natural Gas)”, Cumhuriyet, 6 March 2000. Hakan Aksay, “Putin Neden Türkiye’yi Adres Gösterdi? (Why did Putin Target Turkey?)”, Cumhuriyet, 14 June 2007. http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/diger/82670/bolum/23/video.h tml, Retrieved on: 22 December 2019. Sabah Newspaper 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. “24 Kasım öncesinden daha iyi olacak (It will be better than the period prior to November 24)”, Sabah, 10 August 2016. “4 Anlaşma İmzalandı (4 Agreements Signed)”, Sabah, 4 April 2018. “62 Milyar Dolarlık Yatırım Hacmi (Investment Volume Worth 62 Billion Dollars)”, Sabah, 29 June 2016. “ABD Boğazı Geçti Rusya Tepki Verdi (USA Passed through Bosporus, Russia Reacted)”, Sabah, 23 August 2008. “ABD'li Senatör Graham, İdlib'de "uçuşa yasak bölge" çağrısını yineledi” (U.S. Senator Graham reiterates his call for the establishment of a “no-fly zone” in Idlib), https://www.sabah.com.tr/dunya/2020/03/03/abdli-senator-grahamidlibde-ucusa-yasak-bolge-cagrisini-yineledi, Retrieved on: 4 March 2020. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. “Askeri müdahale en son seçenek (Military intervention is the last option)”,
Sabah, 5 March 2014. “Ateşkeste anlaştılar (Agreed on ceasefire)”, Sabah, 4 July 2017. “Bağımsızlık ilanı (Declaration of independence)”, Sabah, 12 March 2014. “Batı düşman olmamızı istiyordu, artık dostuz (The West wanted us to be enemies, we are friends now)”, Sabah, 5 April 2018. “Batı Rusya ile ipleri koparıyor (West breaks ties with Russia)”, Sabah, 14 March 2014.
Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 133. 211 “Beni Kimse Devirmedi, Tehditten Dolayı Ayrıldım (Nobody Overthrew Me, I Left Because Of Threats)”, Sabah, 1 March 2014. 134. “Benzersiz bir zirve (Unexampled summit)”, Sabah, 10 August 2016. 135. “Bir tek Türkiye yanımızda (Only Turkey stands by us)”, Sabah, 14 March 2014. 136. “Bölgesel diplomasinin kalbi Ankara’da atacak (The heart of regional diplomacy will beat in Ankara)”, Sabah, 3 April 2018. 137. “Çözüm ancak diplomaside (Solution is only possible through diplomacy)”, Sabah 28 October 2018. 138. “Davutoğlu’ndan Kırım reçetesi (Solution to Crimea by Davutoğlu)”, Sabah, 8 March 2014. 139. “Davutoğlu’nun telefon diplomasisi (Davutoğlu's telephone diplomacy)”, Sabah, 3 March 2014. 140. “Devler İstanbul’da buluşuyor (Giants meet in Istanbul)”, Sabah, 27 October 2018. 141. “Doğru Yolda Ciddi Adımlar (Serious Steps on the Right Path)”, Sabah, 29 June 2016. 142. “Dost zirvesinden çıkan 10 sonuç (10 results from the friendly summit)”, Sabah, 30 September 2017. 143. “Erdoğan Acil Önlem İçin Devreye Girdi (Erdoğan Stepped in for Urgent Measures)”, Sabah 12 August 2008. 144. “Erdoğan ile Putin’in ana gündemi Suriye (Erdoğan and Putin's main agenda is Syria)”, Sabah, 3 May 2017. 145. “Erdoğan Savaş Bölgesinde (Erdoğan in the War Zone)”, Sabah, 14 August 2008. 146. “Erdoğan: Yeni bir sayfa açılacak (Erdoğan: A new leaf will be turned)”, Sabah, 8 August 2016. 147. “Erdoğan’dan Güney Afrika’da Feto uyarısı (Erdoğan warned against FETÖ in South Africa)”, Sabah, 27 July 2018. 148. “Erdoğan’ in siyasi iradesinin eseri (The work of
Erdoğan's political will)”, Sabah, 20 November 2018. 149. “G20’de Erdoğan’ın yoğun gündemi (Erdoğan's busy agenda at G20)”, Sabah, 1 December 2018. 150. “Hedef Suriye’de tam ateşkes (The goal is complete ceasefire in Syria)”, Sabah, 28 October 2018. 151. “Irak ve Suriye parçalanamaz (Iraq and Syria cannot be divided)”, Sabah, 29 September 2017. 152. “İşgal varken Rusya İle Görüşmeyiz (No Meetings with Russia during Invasion)”, Sabah, 21 August 2008.
212 153. 154. 155. 156. 157. 158. 159. 160. 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. References “Kanımız yerde kalmaz” (We will reimburse the blood shed), Sabah, 28 February 2020. “Keny ve Lavrov’un Münih düellosu (Kény and Lavrov's duel in Munich)”, Sabah, 2 February 2014. “Kınm artık resmen Rusya’nın toprağı (Crimea is now official Russian territory)”, Sabah, 19 March 2014. “Kınm Tatarlan da özerklik ilan edecek (Crimean Tatars will also declare autonomy)”, Sabah, 30 March 2014. “Kınm’da Milis Kuşatması (Militia Occupation in Crimea)”, Sabah, 1 March 2014. “Kınm’da Rusya’ya bağlanmaya “evet” (Crimea says "yes" to annexation to Russia)”, Sabah, 17 March 2014. “Kremlin “Süper Güç” Olma Yolunda (Kremlin is in the making of "Super Power")”, Sabah, 30 August 2008. “Kremlin Erdoğan’ın uyarısını duymalı” (Kremlin must hear Erdogan’s warning), Sabah, 21 Februaiy 2020. “Kritik Ziyaret (Crucial Visit)”, Sabah, 13 November 2017. “Krizde İkinci Perde (Second Act in Crisis)”, Sabah, 16 August 2008. “Liderlerden Erdoğan’a Fetö’ye karşı tam destek (Full support from leaders to Erdoğan against Fetö)”, Sabah, 4 September 2016. “Medvedev Anlaşmayı İmzaladı (Medvedev Signed Agreement)”, Sabah, 17 August 2008. “Moskova Operasyonu Durdurdu (Moscow Ceased Operation)”, Sabah, 13 August 2008. “Moskova’dan Kiev’e doğalgaz Cezası (Natural gas penalty from Moscow to Kiev)”, Sabah, 2 April 2014. “NATO'dan Esad rejimi ve destekçilerine çağrı! "Saldırılara bir an önce son verin” (NATO’s call to Assad regime and its supporters! “End the attacks as soon as possible!”), Sabah, 4
March 2020. “NATO’dan İşgale karşı Tatbikat (Military exercise by NATO against invasion)”, Sabah, 3 April 2014. “Normalleşme tamam, Ekonomi uçuşa geçti (Normalization completed, Economy boomed)” Sabah, 4 May 2017. “Ortak Gücümüz (Our Mutual Strength)”, Sabah, 8 February 2014. “Piyasalara Mektup Dopingi (Letter Boost to Markets)”, Sabah, 28 June 2016. “Putin 2018’de yeniden aday (Putin reruns for president in 2018)”, Sabah, 7 December 2017. “Putin geliyor, gündem Kudüs ve Suriye (Putin is coming, the agenda is Jerusalem and Syria)”, Sabah, 11 December 2017.
Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 174. 213 “Putin ile Kuzey Irak trafiği (Northern Iraq traffic with Putin)”, Sabah, 26 September 2017. 175. 176. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 186. 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192. 193. 194. “Putin, Barzani ile görüştü (Putin met Barzani)”, Sabah, 22 February 2013. “Putin: AB, Ukrayna’ya karışma (Putin to EU: Do not interfere with Ukraine)”, Sabah, 30 January 2014. “Putin’den Erdoğan’a Teşekkür Telefonu (Thank You Phone Call from Putin to Erdoğan)”, Sabah, 29 June 2016. “Putin’den İlk Talimat: Yaptırımları Kaldırın (“First Instruction from Putin: Remove Sanctions)”, Sabah, 30 June 2016. “PYD/YPG Bitmeden Durmayacağız (We won't stop until the PYD / YPG cease to exist)”, Sabah, 5 April 2018. “Referandumun meşruiyeti yok (The referendum has no legitimacy)”, Sabah, 18 March 2014. “Rus-Türk barışından Rahatsızlar (Disturbance due to RussianTurkish peace)”, Sabah, 30 June 2016. “Rusya Gürcistan’a Dava Açtı (Russia Sued Georgia)”, Sabah, 12 August 2008. “Rusya ile Hızlı Başladık (Jump-start with Russia)”, Sabah, 2 July 2016. “Rusya zenginler liginden düştü (Russia was relegated from the league of the rich)”, Sabah, 19 March 2014. “Rusya, Türkiye ve İran’ı birbirine yakınlaştıracak (Russia will get Turkey and Iran closer to each other)”, Sabah, 4 July 2017. “Rusya’dan 70 milyar dolar çıktı (Russia missed 70 billion dollars)”, Sabah, 26 March 2014. “Rusya’ dan tehdit gecikmedi (Russia was swift to threaten)”, Sabah, 7 March 2014. “Rusya’nın darbe karşıtı tavımı takdir ediyoruz (We appreciate the anti-coup attitude of Russia)”,
Sabah, 5 August 2016. “Rusya’nın Kozu Doğalgaz (Russia's Trump is Natural Gas)”, Sabah, 16 August 2008. “Rusya’nın tek özel kanalını susturdu (Only private channel of Russia silenced).”, Sabah, 21 Januaiy 2001. “Rusya’yla ortak fon hayata geçiriyoruz (We are carrying a joint fiind with Russia into effect)”, Sabah, 10 March 2017. “S-400’de erken teslimat mutabakatı (Agreement on earlier delivery of S-400s)”, Sabah, 4 April 2018. “Sıcak gündemde kritik buluşma (Critical meeting on the hot agenda)”, Sabah, 28 September 2017. “Silahsız çözüm (Armless solution)”, Sabah, 18 September 2018.
214 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. References “Soğuk Savaş Ukrayna’da Hortladı (Cold War Revived in Ukraine)”, Sabah, 2 March 2014. “SON DAKİKA: AK Parti Sözcüsü Ömer Çelik: "Katil rejim ve onu cesaretlendirenler hu kalleşliğin hesabım en ağır şekilde vereceklerdir." (BREAKING NEWS: AK Party Spokesperson Ömer Çelik: “The murderer regime and those who encouraged them will account for this treachery in the most severe way.”), https://www.sabah.com.tr/gundem/2020/02/27/ak-parti-sozcusuomer-celik-katil-rejim-ve-onu-cesaretlendirenler-bu-kallesliginhesabini-en-agir-sekilde-vereceklerdir, Retrieved on: 4 March 2020. “Soydaşlarımız için seferberiz (We are mobilized for our cognates)”, Sabah, 2 March 2014. “Suriye’de siyasi çözüm konusunda mutabıkız (We agree on political solution in Syria)” Sabah, 14 November 2017. “Suriye’de terör adalarına izin yok (No permission to terrorist areas in Syria)”, Sabah, 9 July 2017. “Tarih yazıldı (History was made)”, Sabah, 11 March 2017. “Tarihi projede temel atılıyor (Groundbreaking of historical project)”, Sabah, 3 April 2018. “Terör koridoru istemiyoruz (We are not desirous of terror corridor)”, Sabah 5 September 2016. “Trump’la Karat, Putin’le Suriye (Carat with Trump, Syria with Putin)”, Sabah, 1 July 2017. “TürkAkım işbirliğimizin temeli (Turkish Stream is the basis of our cooperation)”, Sabah, 19 November 2018. “Türkiye Gürcistan’ın Yaralarını saracak (Turkey will relieve Georgia)”, Sabah, 15 August 2008. “Türkiye-Rusya ilişkilerinde milat (Milestone in Turkey-Russia relations)”,
Sabah, 9 August 2016. “Türkiye’den Rusya’ya jet “Montrö” yanıtı (Swift response ftom Turkey to Russia regarding "Montreux")”, Sabah, 4 April 2014. “Ukrayna askerini çekti, yaptırım savaşı başladı (Ukraine withdrew its troops, sanctions war began)”, Sabah, 21 March 2014. “Ukrayna bölündü, yaptırım başladı (Ukraine was divided, sanctions began)”, Sabah, 18 March 2014. “Ukrayna gerginliği Türkiye’yi etkiler mi (Will Ukraine conflict affect Turkey)”, Sabah, 6 March 2014. “Ukrayna Krizi felaketin eşiğinde (Ukraine Crisis on the brink of disaster)”, Sabah, 3 March 2014. “Ukrayna Suriye Olmaz (Ukraine Will Not Become Syria)”, Sabah, 10 March 2014. “Vatandaş diplomasisi (Citizen diplomacy)”, Sabah, 3 July 2017.
Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 215 “Ve Soğuk Savaş (And Cold War)”, Sabah, 12 August 2008. “Yeni Bir Sayfa Açıldı (A New Leaf Turned)”, Sabah, 30 June 2016. “Yeniden İyi İlişkiler Kurmak İstiyoruz (We Would Like to Re establish Good Relations)”, Sabah, 16 June 2016. Ibrahim Kalın, “Putin’in ziyareti ve Türkiye-Rusya İlişkileri (Putin's visit and Turkey-Russia Relations)”, http://www.sabah.com.tr/yazarlar/ibrahim_kalin/2014/12/04/putin in-ziyareti-ve-turkiyerusya-iliskileri, Retrieved on: 04 December 2014. Murat Yetkin “Başbakan Ecevit Almanya-Rusya yakınlaşmasına dikkat çekti (Prime Minister Ecevit drew attention to German-Russia rapprochement)”. Sabah, 3 January 2001. Soviet Newspaper Kommunist 218. 219. 220. “Sovyet piyanocusunun muvaffakıyyeti” (The success of the Soviet pianist), Kommunist, 18 November 1981. “Türkiye Hadiseleri” (Events in Turkey), Kommunist, 14 September 1980. “Türkiye’de Vaziyet” (Status in Turkey), Kommunist, 14 September 1980. Hürriyet Newspaper 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. “Akar: “Rusya ile Karşı Karşıya gelmeyiz” (Akar: We will not pitch against Russia), Hürriyet, 21 Februaty 2020. “Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan’dan 6 Salvo” (6 Salvos írom President Erdoğan), Hürriyet, 20 February 2020. “Esad Rotasını Halep’e Çevirdi” (Assad Tums Its Route to Aleppo), Hürriyet, 18 February 2020. “Putin’den Demirel’e Kafkasya Cevabı (Putin's Caucasus Response to Demirei)”, Hürriyet, 29 February 2000. “Rusya ve İran’a Çağrı: Esad’ı Durdurun” (Call to Russia and Iran: Stop Assad), Hürriyet, 12 February 2020. “NATO Genel Sekreteri
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230 368. 369. 370. 371. 372. 373. 374. 375. 376. References “Межгосударственные отношения России и Турции (Interstate relations between Russia and Turkey)”, https://ria.ru/20191022/I560021629.html Retrieved on:10 March 2020. “H. Белякова, “МЕСТО И РОЛЬ ИСЛАМА^јВ РЕГИОНАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ,
ЗАКАВКАЗЬЯ И ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ” (N. Belyakova, “PLACE AND ROLE OF ISLAM IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, CUSTOMS AND CENTRAL ASIA”), https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/krym-i-rossiysko-turetskieotnosheniya/viewer, Retrieved on: 15 February 2020. “Нефтегазовый обмен: РФ и Турция уступили друг
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достигнута главная цель: защищены российские миротворцы и гражданское население Южной Осетии”, http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/1073 Retrieved orni 1 March 2020. “Отношения на подъеме. Путин и Эрдоган встретились на полях саммита БРИКС (Relations are improving. Putin and Erdoğan met on the
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Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 377. 378. 379. 380. 231 “Подписан Договор о принятии Республики Крым в Российскую Федерацию (Agreement on the Annexation of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation was signed)”, http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/20604, Retrieved on: 15
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232 388. 389. 390. References “Путин договорился с Эрдоганом ускорить поставки Турции комплексов С-400 (Putin agreed with Erdoğan to accelerate the delivery of S-400 missiles to Turkey)”, https://www.rbc.ru/politics/03/04/2018/5ac3bdd39a7947501a3ba75 a, Retrieved on: 15 February 2020. “Путин и
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234 410. 411. 412. 413. 414. 415. 416. 417. 418. 419. References рыбой и ягодами (Putin treated participants of the Istanbul summit to Ural fish and berries)”, https://iz.ru/805595/2018-10-28/putinugostil-uchastnikov-sammita-v-stambule-uralskoi-ryboi-i-iagodam, Retrieved on: 16 February 2020.
“Путин, Эрдоган и Берлускони расписывают газовую трубу на троих (Putin, Erdoğan and Berlusconi draw a gas pipeline for three)”, https://svpressa.ru/society/article/12284/, Retrieved on: 19 February 2020. “Путин, Эрдоган и Роухани решают судьбу Идлиба. Турция против наступления (Putin, Erdoğan and
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Russia’s Turkey Policy during the Putin Era 539. 540. 541. 542. 247 https://www.bbc.com/russian/mtemational/2014/03/140329_crimea _tatars_autonomy, Retrieved on: 15 February 2020. Россия призвала Турцию выплатить компенсацию за Су-24 (Russia called on Turkey to pay compensation for the Su-24), http://www.lragir.am/index/rus/0/right/view/45899, Retrieved on: lbDecember 2015. Россия призывает власти Турции прекратить истребление мирного населения в курдских районах (Russia calls on Turkish authorities to stop the extermination of civilians in Kurdish areas), http://www.armtoday.info/default.asp?Lang=_Ru NewsID=14115 8, Retrieved on: 21 January 2016. С. А. Ланцов, “ОКТЯБРЬСКАЯ РЕВОЛЮЦИЯ 1917 ГОДА: ЗАМЫСЛЫ И РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ” (RUSSIAN OCTOBER REVOLUTION OF 1917: PLANS AND OUTCOMES), ВЕСТНИК САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА T. 10. Вып. 4 ПОЛИТОЛОГИЯ. МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ (2017, р. 289-300. Эрдоган извинился перед родственниками пилота за сбитый Су24 (Erdoğan apologizes to the pilot’s relatives for the Su-24 shot down), http://www.dw.com/ru/, 19 February 2018. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
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| era | Geschichte 2000- gnd Geschichte 1919-1991 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 2000- Geschichte 1919-1991 |
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| id | DE-604.BV047193309 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-03T16:48:48Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-31T02:17:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781527560352 |
| language | English |
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| physical | viii, 247 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
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| spelling | Kurban, Vefa 1975- Verfasser (DE-588)1125534087 aut Russia's Turkey policy during the Putin era by Vefa Kurban Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2020 viii, 247 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 2000- gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1919-1991 gnd rswk-swf Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd rswk-swf Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd rswk-swf Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 gnd rswk-swf Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd rswk-swf Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd rswk-swf Russia (Federation) / Foreign relations / Turkey Turkey / Foreign relations / Russia (Federation) Russia (Federation) / Politics and government / 21st century Diplomatic relations Politics and government Russia (Federation) Turkey 2000-2099 Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 g Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 g Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 s Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 s Geschichte 2000- z DE-604 Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 g Geschichte 1919-1991 z Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032598458&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=032598458&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Literaturverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kurban, Vefa 1975- Russia's Turkey policy during the Putin era Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4003846-4 (DE-588)4072885-7 (DE-588)4061163-2 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
| title | Russia's Turkey policy during the Putin era |
| title_auth | Russia's Turkey policy during the Putin era |
| title_exact_search | Russia's Turkey policy during the Putin era |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Russia's Turkey policy during the Putin era |
| title_full | Russia's Turkey policy during the Putin era by Vefa Kurban |
| title_fullStr | Russia's Turkey policy during the Putin era by Vefa Kurban |
| title_full_unstemmed | Russia's Turkey policy during the Putin era by Vefa Kurban |
| title_short | Russia's Turkey policy during the Putin era |
| title_sort | russia s turkey policy during the putin era |
| topic | Außenpolitik (DE-588)4003846-4 gnd Internationale Politik (DE-588)4072885-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Außenpolitik Internationale Politik Türkei Sowjetunion Russland |
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